{"release":"2026.10.6","published":"2026-10-17","clinical_review":false,"url":"https://platform.anpheros.com/site/search/anpheros-search-catalog.json","disclaimer":"General information only. Anpheros does not diagnose and does not recommend treatment. Talk to a doctor or pharmacist about your situation. In an emergency, call 112 (or your local emergency number).","relation_notes":{"may_be_associated_with":"The link appears in the cited source. It does not mean you have that condition. Not a diagnosis.","indicated_for":"An approved use quoted from official product information. It describes what the medicine is approved for, not whether it is right for you."},"counts":{"symptom":274,"condition":495,"treatment":405,"total":1174},"sources":[{"source_id":"who-icd10-2019","publisher":"World Health Organization (WHO)","title":"International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), Version 2019: codes and English titles","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en","version":"Version 2019 (as listed in the WHO ICD-10 to ICD-11 mapping tables 2025-01)","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"© World Health Organization; codes and titles reproduced without change (commercial use being confirmed with WHO)","attribution":"ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."},{"source_id":"who-icd11-2025","publisher":"World Health Organization (WHO)","title":"ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics 2025-01: ICD-10 to ICD-11 mapping tables (10To11MapToOneCategory)","url":"https://icdcdn.who.int/static/releasefiles/2025-01/mapping.zip","version":"2025-01","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO (codes and titles reproduced without change)","attribution":"ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."},{"source_id":"medlineplus-topics","publisher":"MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM)","title":"MedlinePlus health topics (XML file) and MedlinePlus Connect (ICD-10 to health topic)","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/xml.html","version":"mplus_topics_2026-10-17.xml; MedlinePlus Connect queried 2026-10-17","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"Public domain: health topic summaries in English and Spanish (https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/usingcontent/); no A.D.A.M. encyclopedia, no drug monographs","attribution":"Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine."},{"source_id":"ema-medicines","publisher":"European Medicines Agency (EMA)","title":"Medicines output: medicines report (EPAR data for centrally authorised human medicines: INN, therapeutic area (MeSH), therapeutic indication)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines-report_en.xlsx","version":"Generated by EMA on 17/10/2026 06:05","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"Reuse authorised with the source cited each time (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/about-us/legal-notice); quoted unchanged, no EMA logo","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency."},{"source_id":"openfda-labels","publisher":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","title":"openFDA drug labeling (Structured Product Labeling): indications and usage","url":"https://open.fda.gov/apis/drug/label/","version":"openFDA drug label endpoint queried 2026-10-17","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"CC0 / public domain (https://open.fda.gov/terms/); provided as is, without warranty","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration."},{"source_id":"rxnorm","publisher":"U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), RxNorm (RxNav API)","title":"RxNorm ingredient concepts (RXCUI) looked up by name","url":"https://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/","version":"RxNav REST API queried 2026-10-17","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"RxNorm normalized names and RXCUIs from NLM (no proprietary source vocabularies)","attribution":"This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."},{"source_id":"anpheros-names","publisher":"Anpheros","title":"Names in languages other than English (and in Spanish where MedlinePlus has no Spanish title): Anpheros translations of the English source names, made and checked with AI assistance","url":"https://developers.anpheros.com/guides/anpheros-search","version":"2026.10.3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-17","licence":"Anpheros","attribution":"Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English."}],"notes":"Anpheros Search catalog, step 1. Every entry comes from a public source, cited on the entry: WHO ICD-10 codes (titles not served until WHO confirms the licence) and ICD-11 codes and titles; MedlinePlus health-topic summaries (public domain, English and Spanish) for symptoms and conditions; EMA EPAR data and openFDA labels for treatments, quoted unchanged; RxNorm identifiers. Conditions are the ICD-10 categories that MedlinePlus Connect maps to a MedlinePlus health topic covering at most three categories. Links: symptom-condition when MedlinePlus lists the two topics as related; treatment-condition when the EMA therapeutic area (MeSH) of the medicine is a MeSH heading of the condition's MedlinePlus topic. ATC codes are kept internally and not served until the WHO Collaborating Centre grants permission. Not reviewed by a clinician.","entries":[{"concept_id":"CON-0001","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cholera","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cholera","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A00","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1A00","display":"Cholera","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/257068234","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#257068234"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cholera","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cholera","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cólera","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Holeră","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الكوليرا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cholera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cholera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χολέρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Choléra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हैजा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kolera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"コレラ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"콜레라","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cholera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cólera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Холера","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cholera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kolera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Холера","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"霍乱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cholera","text":"Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhea. The cholera bacterium is usually found in water or food that has been contaminated by feces (poop). Cholera is rare in the US. You may get it if you travel to parts of the world with poor water and sewage treatment. Outbreaks can also happen after disasters. The disease is not likely to spread directly from person to person.\nCholera infections are often mild. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start 2 to 3 days after infection. The most common symptom is watery diarrhea.\nIn some cases, the infection can be severe, causing lots of watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Because you quickly lose body fluids, you are at risk for dehydration and shock. Without treatment, you could die within hours. If you think that you might have cholera, you should get medical care right away.\nDoctors diagnose cholera with a stool sample or rectal swab. Treatment is the replacement of the fluid and salts that you lost through the diarrhea. This is usually with a rehydration solution that you drink. People with severe cases may need an I.V. to replace the fluids. Some of them may also need antibiotics. Most people who get fluid replacement right away will recover.\nThere are vaccines to prevent cholera. One of them is available for adults in the U.S. Very few Americans need it, because most people do not visit areas that have an active cholera outbreak.\nThere are also simple steps you can take to help to prevent cholera infection:\n• Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, washing dishes, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth\n• If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets\n• Wash your hands often with soap and clean water\n• Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot\n• Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cholera.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cólera","text":"El cólera es una infección bacteriana que causa diarrea. Por lo general, la bacteria del cólera se encuentra en el agua o los alimentos que han sido contaminados por heces (excremento). El cólera es raro en los Estados Unidos. Puede infectarse si viaja a partes del mundo con pobre tratamiento del agua y de aguas residuales. Los brotes también pueden ocurrir después de un desastre. No es probable que la enfermedad se propague directamente de persona a persona.\nA menudo, las infecciones de cólera son leves. Algunas personas no presentan síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, generalmente comienzan de dos a tres días después de la infección. El síntoma más común es la diarrea acuosa.\nEn algunos casos, la infección puede ser grave y causar mucha diarrea acuosa, vómitos y calambres en las piernas. Debido a que pierde fluidos corporales rápidamente, corre el riesgo de sufrir deshidratación y shock. Sin tratamiento, podría morir en cuestión de horas. Si cree que podría tener cólera, debe recibir atención médica de inmediato.\nLos médicos diagnostican el cólera con una muestra de materia fecal o hisopado rectal. Se trata reemplazando los líquidos y las sales que perdió por la diarrea, usualmente al beber sales de rehidratación. Las personas con casos severos pueden necesitar una sonda intravenosa para reemplazar los fluidos. Algunas de ellas también pueden necesitar antibióticos. La mayoría de las personas que obtiene de inmediato un reemplazo de líquidos se recupera.\nExisten vacunas para prevenir el cólera. Uno de ellas está disponible para adultos en los EE. UU. Muy pocos estadounidenses la necesitan, porque la mayoría de las personas no visita áreas con un brote de cólera activo.\nTambién hay pasos simples que puede seguir para ayudar a prevenir la infección del cólera:\n• Use solo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, lavar platos, hacer cubos de hielo y cepillarse los dientes\n• Si usa agua del grifo, hiérvala o use tabletas de yodo\n• Lávese las manos a menudo con jabón y agua limpia\n• Asegúrese de que la comida que consuma esté completamente cocinada y servida caliente\n• Evite las frutas y verduras crudas sin lavar o sin pelar\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholera.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0002","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A01","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1A0Z&XN0QE","display":"Bacterial intestinal infections, unspecified [Salmonellae]","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/135352227/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#135352227/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Febră tifoidă și paratifoidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حمى التيفوئيد ونظيرة التيفوئيد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Břišní tyfus a paratyfus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Typhus und Paratyphus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τυφοειδής και παράτυφος πυρετός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre tifoidea y paratifoidea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fièvre typhoïde et paratyphoïde","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टाइफाइड और पैराटाइफाइड बुखार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hastífusz és paratífusz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre tifoide e paratifoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腸チフス・パラチフス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"장티푸스 및 파라티푸스","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dur brzuszny i dury rzekome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre tifoide e paratifoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Брюшной тиф и паратифы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Brušný týfus a paratýfus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tifo ve paratifo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Черевний тиф і паратифи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"伤寒和副伤寒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Salmonella Infections","text":"Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of foodborne illness.\nSalmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. You also can get infected after handling pets, especially reptiles like snakes, turtles, and lizards.\nSymptoms include:\n• Fever\n• Diarrhea\n• Abdominal cramps\n• Headache\n• Possible nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite\nSymptoms usually last 4-7 days. Your health care provider diagnoses the infection with a stool test. Most people get better without treatment. Infection can be more serious in older adults, infants, and people with chronic health problems. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious. The usual treatment is antibiotics.\nTyphoid fever, a more serious disease caused by Salmonella, is not common in the United States. It frequently occurs in developing countries.\nNIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por salmonela","text":"Salmonela es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias. En Estados Unidos es la causa más común de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. La salmonela se encuentra en las aves crudas, los huevos, la carne vacuna y, algunas veces, en las frutas y vegetales sin lavar. También se puede adquirir tras manipular mascotas, especialmente reptiles como las serpientes, tortugas y lagartos.\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Fiebre\n• Diarrea\n• Cólicos abdominales\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Pueden presentarse náuseas, vómitos y pérdida de apetito\nLos síntomas suelen durar entre cuatro y siete días. Su proveedor de salud puede diagnosticarla con una prueba de heces. La mayoría de las personas mejora sin tratamiento. Puede ser más grave entre los adultos mayores, niños pequeños y personas con enfermedades crónicas. Si la salmonela penetra en el torrente sanguíneo, puede ser seria. Se trata con antibióticos.\nLa fiebre tifoidea, una enfermedad más seria causada por salmonela, no es común en Estados Unidos, pero ocurre frecuentemente en países en vías de desarrollo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0003","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"salmonella-infection","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/salmonella-infection","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A02","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1A09.Z","display":"Salmonella infection, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/515117475/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#515117475/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Salmonella infection","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infecție cu salmonella","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدوى السالمونيلا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Salmonelóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Salmonelleninfektion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοίμωξη από σαλμονέλα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infección por salmonela","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection à salmonelle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"साल्मोनेला संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szalmonella-fertőzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infezione da salmonella","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"サルモネラ感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"살모넬라 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zakażenie salmonellą","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infecção por salmonela","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сальмонеллёз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Salmonelóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Salmonella enfeksiyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сальмонельоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"沙门菌感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Salmonella Infections","text":"Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of foodborne illness.\nSalmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. You also can get infected after handling pets, especially reptiles like snakes, turtles, and lizards.\nSymptoms include:\n• Fever\n• Diarrhea\n• Abdominal cramps\n• Headache\n• Possible nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite\nSymptoms usually last 4-7 days. Your health care provider diagnoses the infection with a stool test. Most people get better without treatment. Infection can be more serious in older adults, infants, and people with chronic health problems. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious. The usual treatment is antibiotics.\nTyphoid fever, a more serious disease caused by Salmonella, is not common in the United States. It frequently occurs in developing countries.\nNIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por salmonela","text":"Salmonela es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias. En Estados Unidos es la causa más común de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. La salmonela se encuentra en las aves crudas, los huevos, la carne vacuna y, algunas veces, en las frutas y vegetales sin lavar. También se puede adquirir tras manipular mascotas, especialmente reptiles como las serpientes, tortugas y lagartos.\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Fiebre\n• Diarrea\n• Cólicos abdominales\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Pueden presentarse náuseas, vómitos y pérdida de apetito\nLos síntomas suelen durar entre cuatro y siete días. Su proveedor de salud puede diagnosticarla con una prueba de heces. La mayoría de las personas mejora sin tratamiento. Puede ser más grave entre los adultos mayores, niños pequeños y personas con enfermedades crónicas. Si la salmonela penetra en el torrente sanguíneo, puede ser seria. Se trata con antibióticos.\nLa fiebre tifoidea, una enfermedad más seria causada por salmonela, no es común en Estados Unidos, pero ocurre frecuentemente en países en vías de desarrollo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0004","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"plague","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/plague","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A20","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Plague","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Peste","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ciumă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الطاعون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πανώλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Peste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्लेग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pestis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Peste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ペスト","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"페스트","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dżuma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Peste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Чума","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Veba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Чума","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼠疫","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Plague","text":"Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the past, plague destroyed entire civilizations. Today plague is uncommon, due to better living conditions and antibiotics.\nThere are three forms of plague:\n• Bubonic plague causes the tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus to become inflamed. Symptoms include fever, aches, chills, and tender lymph glands.\n• In septicemic plague, bacteria multiply in the blood. It causes fever, chills, shock, and bleeding under the skin or other organs.\n• Pneumonic plague is the most serious form. Bacteria enter the lungs and cause pneumonia. People with the infection can spread this form to others. This type could be a bioterror agent.\nLab tests can diagnose plague. Treatment is a strong antibiotic. There is no vaccine.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Peste","text":"La peste es una infección causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis. Las bacterias se encuentran principalmente entre ratas y en las moscas que se alimentan de ellas. Las personas y otros animales pueden adquirir la peste a través de mordeduras de estos animales. En el pasado, la peste destruyó civilizaciones enteras. En la actualidad, la peste es poco común gracias a las mejores condiciones de vida y a los antibióticos.\nExisten tres tipos de pestes:\n• Peste bubónica, que causa inflamación de las amígdalas, las adenoides, el bazo y el timo. Los síntomas incluyen fiebre, dolores, escalofríos y sensibilidad en los ganglios linfáticos\n• Peste septicémica, en la que las bacterias se multiplican en la sangre. Causa fiebre, escalofríos, shock y hemorragias debajo de la piel o en otros órganos\n• Peste neumónica, en la que las bacterias alcanzan los pulmones y causan neumonía. Las personas infectadas pueden contagiar este tipo de peste a otras personas. Esta es la más grave y puede ser usada como un agente bioterrorista\nEl diagnóstico se hace a través de pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento es un antibiótico fuerte. No existe una vacuna.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0005","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"anthrax","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/anthrax","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A22","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1B97","display":"Anthrax","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1321303663","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1321303663"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Anthrax","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Anthrax","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ántrax","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Antrax","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الجمرة الخبيثة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Antrax (sněť slezinná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Milzbrand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άνθρακας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Charbon (maladie du charbon)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एंथ्रेक्स","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lépfene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carbonchio (antrace)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"炭疽","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"탄저병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wąglik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Antraz (carbúnculo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сибирская язва","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Antrax","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şarbon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сибірка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"炭疽","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Anthrax","text":"Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. Many people know about it from the 2001 bioterror attacks. In the attacks, someone purposely spread anthrax through the U.S. mail. This killed five people and made 22 sick.\nAnthrax is rare. It affects animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats more often than people. People can get anthrax from contact with infected animals, wool, meat, or hides. It can cause three forms of disease in people. They are:\n• Cutaneous, which affects the skin. People with cuts or open sores can get it if they touch the bacteria.\n• Inhalation, which affects the lungs. You can get this if you breathe in spores of the bacteria.\n• Gastrointestinal, which affects the digestive system. You can get it by eating infected meat.\nAntibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people don't know they have anthrax until it is too late to treat. A vaccine to prevent anthrax is available for people in the military and others at high risk.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/anthrax.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ántrax","text":"El ántrax es una enfermedad causada por el Bacillus anthracis, un microbio que vive en la tierra. Muchas personas han oído hablar de él en los ataques bioterroristas de 2001. En esos ataques, alguien diseminaba intencionalmente ántrax por medio del correo estadounidense. Murieron cinco personas y 22 se enfermaron.\nEl ántrax no es común. Afecta animales como al ganado, ovejas y cabras más que a las personas. Los humanos pueden contraer ántrax a través del contacto con animales, lana, carne o cuero infectados.\nHay tres formas en que las personas se infectan con ántrax. Estas son:\n• Cutánea, que afecta la piel. Las personas con cortaduras o heridas abiertas pueden adquirirla si tocan las bacterias.\n• Por inhalación, que afecta los pulmones. Puede adquirirse si se respiran las esporas de las bacterias.\n• Gastrointestinal, que afecta el sistema digestivo. También por consumir alimentos infectados.\nSi se diagnostica anticipadamente, el tratamiento con antibióticos suele curar el ántrax. Pero muchas personas no saben que padecen de ántrax hasta que es demasiado tarde para tratarlo. Existe una vacuna contra el ántrax, para las personas en el servicio militar y otros grupos de alto riesgo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0006","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"brucellosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/brucellosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A23","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1B95","display":"Brucellosis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/730510331","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#730510331"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Brucellosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bruceloză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء البروسيلات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Brucelóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brucellose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βρουκέλλωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Brucelosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Brucellose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ब्रुसेलोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Brucellózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Brucellosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ブルセラ症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"브루셀라증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bruceloza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Brucelose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бруцеллёз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Brucelóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bruselloz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бруцельоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"布鲁氏菌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0007","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rat-bite-fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rat-bite-fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A25","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rat-bite fever","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Febra produsă de mușcătura de șobolan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حمى عضة الجرذ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Horečka z krysího kousnutí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rattenbissfieber","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πυρετός από δάγκωμα αρουραίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre por mordedura de rata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fièvre par morsure de rat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चूहे के काटने से होने वाला बुखार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Patkányharapási láz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre da morso di ratto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鼠咬熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"서교열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gorączka szczurzego ugryzienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre da mordedura de rato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лихорадка от укуса крыс","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Horúčka z uhryznutia potkanom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sıçan ısırığı ateşi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гарячка від укусу щурів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼠咬热","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Animal Bites","text":"Wild animals usually avoid people. They might attack, however, if they feel threatened, are sick, or are protecting their young or territory. Attacks by pets are more common. Animal bites rarely are life-threatening, but if they become infected, you can develop serious medical problems.\nTo prevent animal bites and complications from bites:\n• Never pet, handle, or feed unknown animals\n• Leave snakes alone\n• Watch your children closely around animals\n• Vaccinate your cats, ferrets, and dogs against rabies\n• Spay or neuter your dog to make it less aggressive\n• Get a tetanus booster if you have not had one recently\n• Wear boots and long pants when you are in areas with venomous snakes\nIf an animal bites you, clean the wound with soap and water as soon as possible. Get medical attention if necessary.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mordeduras de animales","text":"Los animales salvajes suelen huir de las personas. Sin embargo, pueden atacar si se sienten amenazados, si están enfermos, si protegen a sus crías o su territorio. Los ataques de mascotas son los más comunes. Las mordeduras de animales rara vez ponen en peligro la vida, pero si se infectan pueden surgir problemas médicos graves.\nPara evitar las mordeduras de animales y sus complicaciones:\n• Nunca acaricie, manipule o alimente animales desconocidos\n• No moleste a las serpientes\n• Vigile cuidadosamente a sus hijos cuando haya animales cerca\n• Vacune a sus gatos, hurones y perros contra la rabia\n• Esterilice o castre a su perro para que sea menos agresivo\n• Vacúnese con un refuerzo de la vacuna contra el tétanos si no ha recibido uno recientemente\n• Use botas y pantalones largos cuando vaya a regiones con serpientes venenosas\nSi un animal lo muerde, limpie la herida con agua y jabón lo más pronto posible. De ser necesario, obtenga atención médica.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0008","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"leprosy-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/leprosy-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A30","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lepră (boala Hansen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الجذام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λέπρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lèpre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कुष्ठ रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lebbra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ハンセン病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"한센병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trąd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hanseníase (lepra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лепра (проказа)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Cüzam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лепра (проказа)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"麻风病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Leprosy (Hansen disease)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mycobacterial Infections","text":"Mycobacteria are a type of germ. There are many different kinds. The most common one causes tuberculosis. Another one causes leprosy. Still others cause infections that are called atypical mycobacterial infections. They aren't \"typical\" because they don't cause tuberculosis. But they can still harm people, especially people with other problems that affect their immunity, such as AIDS.\nSometimes you can have these infections with no symptoms at all. At other times, they can cause lung symptoms similar to tuberculosis:\n• Cough\n• Weight loss\n• Coughing up blood or mucus\n• Weakness or fatigue\n• Fever and chills\n• Night sweats\n• Lack of appetite and weight loss\nMedicines can treat these infections, but often more than one is needed to cure the infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por micobacterias","text":"Las micobacterias son un tipo de gérmen. Hay varios tipos. El más común causa la tuberculosis Otro causa la lepra. Y otros causan infecciones llamadas infecciones por micobacterias atípicas. No son \"típicas\" porque no causan tuberculosis, pero pueden provocar daño, sobre todo a personas con problemas inmunitarios, como el sida.\nA veces, usted puede tener estas infecciones pero no tener síntomas. En otras ocasiones, puede tener síntomas en los pulmones similares a los de la tuberculosis:\n• Tos\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Tos con sangre o mucosidad\n• Cansancio y fatiga\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Transpiración de noche\n• Falta de apetito\nEstas infecciones se pueden tratar con medicamentos, pero varias veces se necesita más de uno.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0009","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"non-tuberculous-mycobacterial-infection","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/non-tuberculous-mycobacterial-infection","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A31","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infecție cu alte micobacterii (netuberculoase)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدوى المتفطرات غير السلية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Infekce netuberkulózními mykobakteriemi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Infektion durch nichttuberkulöse Mykobakterien","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοίμωξη από άτυπα μυκοβακτήρια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infección por micobacterias no tuberculosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection à mycobactéries non tuberculeuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गैर-क्षयरोग माइकोबैक्टीरियल संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nem tuberkulotikus mycobacterium-fertőzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infezione da micobatteri non tubercolari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"非結核性抗酸菌症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비결핵 항산균 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zakażenie prątkami niegruźliczymi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infecção por micobactérias não tuberculosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инфекция нетуберкулёзными микобактериями","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Infekcia netuberkulóznymi mykobaktériami","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tüberküloz dışı mikobakteri enfeksiyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інфекція нетуберкульозними мікобактеріями","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"非结核分枝杆菌感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mycobacterial Infections","text":"Mycobacteria are a type of germ. There are many different kinds. The most common one causes tuberculosis. Another one causes leprosy. Still others cause infections that are called atypical mycobacterial infections. They aren't \"typical\" because they don't cause tuberculosis. But they can still harm people, especially people with other problems that affect their immunity, such as AIDS.\nSometimes you can have these infections with no symptoms at all. At other times, they can cause lung symptoms similar to tuberculosis:\n• Cough\n• Weight loss\n• Coughing up blood or mucus\n• Weakness or fatigue\n• Fever and chills\n• Night sweats\n• Lack of appetite and weight loss\nMedicines can treat these infections, but often more than one is needed to cure the infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por micobacterias","text":"Las micobacterias son un tipo de gérmen. Hay varios tipos. El más común causa la tuberculosis Otro causa la lepra. Y otros causan infecciones llamadas infecciones por micobacterias atípicas. No son \"típicas\" porque no causan tuberculosis, pero pueden provocar daño, sobre todo a personas con problemas inmunitarios, como el sida.\nA veces, usted puede tener estas infecciones pero no tener síntomas. En otras ocasiones, puede tener síntomas en los pulmones similares a los de la tuberculosis:\n• Tos\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Tos con sangre o mucosidad\n• Cansancio y fatiga\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Transpiración de noche\n• Falta de apetito\nEstas infecciones se pueden tratar con medicamentos, pero varias veces se necesita más de uno.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0010","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"listeria-infections","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/listeria-infections","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A32","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C1A.Z","display":"Listeriosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/419706488/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#419706488/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Listeria Infections","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infecciones por Listeria","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Listerioză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء الليستريات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Listerióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Listeriose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λιστερίωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Listériose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लिस्टेरिया संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Listeriózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Listeriosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リステリア症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"리스테리아증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Listerioza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Listeriose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Листериоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Listerióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Listeriyoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лістеріоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"李斯特菌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Listeria Infections","text":"Listeriosis is a foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water. It can be in a variety of raw foods as well as in processed foods and foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria is unlike many other germs because it can grow even in the cold temperature of the refrigerator.\nSymptoms include fever and chills, headache, upset stomach and vomiting. Treatment is with antibiotics.\nAnyone can get the illness. But it is most likely to affect pregnant women and unborn babies, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. To reduce your risk:\n• Use precooked and ready-to-eat foods as soon as you can\n• Avoid raw milk and raw milk products\n• Heat ready-to-eat foods and leftovers until they are steaming hot\n• Wash fresh fruits and vegetables\n• Avoid rare meat and refrigerated smoked seafood\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/listeriainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por Listeria","text":"La listeriosis es una enfermedad transmitida por alimentos causada por la listeria monocytogenes, una bacteria que se encuentra en la tierra y el agua. Puede encontrarse en una variedad de alimentos crudos, así como en alimentos procesados y hechos con leche no pasteurizada. La listeria es distinta a muchos otros gérmenes porque puede crecer incluso dentro de las temperaturas frías de un refrigerador.\nLos síntomas incluyen fiebre y escalofríos, dolor de cabeza, malestar estomacal y vómitos. El tratamiento es con antibióticos.\nCualquiera puede contraer la enfermedad. Pero es más probable que afecte a las mujeres embarazadas, fetos, personas de edad avanzada y personas con el sistema inmunitario debilitado. Para reducir el riesgo:\n• Use los alimentos precocidos y las comidas listas para consumir lo antes que pueda\n• Evite la leche y los productos lácteos sin pasteurizar\n• Caliente los alimentos listos para consumir y las sobras hasta que les salga vapor\n• Lave las frutas frescas y las verduras\n• Evite las carnes y los mariscos ahumados poco cocidos\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/listeriainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0011","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tetanus-in-newborns","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tetanus-in-newborns","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A33","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C15","display":"Tetanus neonatorum","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2085616610","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2085616610"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tetanus neonatorum","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tetanus in newborns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tetanos neonatal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كزاز الوليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Novorozenecký tetanus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Neugeborenentetanus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νεογνικός τέτανος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tétanos neonatal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tétanos néonatal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नवजात शिशु का टिटनेस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Újszülöttkori tetanusz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tetano neonatale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"新生児破傷風","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신생아 파상풍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tężec noworodków","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tétano neonatal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Столбняк новорождённых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Novorodenecký tetanus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yenidoğan tetanozu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Правець новонароджених","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"新生儿破伤风","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tetanus","text":"Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. The bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria can enter the body through a deep cut, like those you might get from stepping on a nail, or through a burn.\nThe infection causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to \"locking\" of the jaw. This makes it impossible to open your mouth or swallow. Tetanus is a medical emergency. You need to get treatment in a hospital.\nA vaccine can prevent tetanus. It is given as a part of routine childhood vaccination. Adults should get a tetanus shot, or booster, every 10 years. If you get a bad cut or burn, see your doctor - you may need a booster. Immediate and proper wound care can prevent tetanus infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tétanos","text":"El tétanos es una enfermedad seria causada por la bacteria clostridium. La bacteria vive en el suelo, la saliva, el polvo y en el estiércol. Las bacterias suelen ingresar al cuerpo a través de un corte profundo, como los que ocurren cuando uno pisa un clavo, o a través de una quemadura.\nLa infección causa un espasmo doloroso de los músculos, por lo general en todo el cuerpo. Puede conducir a un \"bloqueo\" de la mandíbula, lo que hace imposible abrir la boca o tragar. El tétanos es una emergencia médica, por lo que debe tratarse en un hospital.\nLa vacuna contra el tétanos puede prevenir la enfermedad. Se provee como parte del programa de inmunización durante la infancia. Los adultos deben aplicarse una nueva dosis o refuerzo cada 10 años. Si sufre una cortadura o quemadura severa, busque ayuda médica; es posible que necesite un refuerzo. El cuidado inmediato y adecuado de la herida puede prevenir la infección por tétanos.\nCentros para el Control y Prevención de las Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0012","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tetanus","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tetanus","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A35","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C13","display":"Tetanus","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1793762788","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1793762788"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tetanus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tetanos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الكزاز","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tetanus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tetanus (Wundstarrkrampf)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τέτανος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tétanos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tétanos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टिटनेस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tetanusz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tetano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"破傷風","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"파상풍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tężec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tétano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Столбняк","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tetanus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tetanoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Правець","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"破伤风","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tetanus","text":"Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. The bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria can enter the body through a deep cut, like those you might get from stepping on a nail, or through a burn.\nThe infection causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to \"locking\" of the jaw. This makes it impossible to open your mouth or swallow. Tetanus is a medical emergency. You need to get treatment in a hospital.\nA vaccine can prevent tetanus. It is given as a part of routine childhood vaccination. Adults should get a tetanus shot, or booster, every 10 years. If you get a bad cut or burn, see your doctor - you may need a booster. Immediate and proper wound care can prevent tetanus infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tétanos","text":"El tétanos es una enfermedad seria causada por la bacteria clostridium. La bacteria vive en el suelo, la saliva, el polvo y en el estiércol. Las bacterias suelen ingresar al cuerpo a través de un corte profundo, como los que ocurren cuando uno pisa un clavo, o a través de una quemadura.\nLa infección causa un espasmo doloroso de los músculos, por lo general en todo el cuerpo. Puede conducir a un \"bloqueo\" de la mandíbula, lo que hace imposible abrir la boca o tragar. El tétanos es una emergencia médica, por lo que debe tratarse en un hospital.\nLa vacuna contra el tétanos puede prevenir la enfermedad. Se provee como parte del programa de inmunización durante la infancia. Los adultos deben aplicarse una nueva dosis o refuerzo cada 10 años. Si sufre una cortadura o quemadura severa, busque ayuda médica; es posible que necesite un refuerzo. El cuidado inmediato y adecuado de la herida puede prevenir la infección por tétanos.\nCentros para el Control y Prevención de las Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0013","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"diphtheria","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/diphtheria","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A36","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Diphtheria","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Difteria","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Difterie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الخناق (الدفتيريا)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Záškrt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Diphtherie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διφθερίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Diphtérie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डिप्थीरिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Diftéria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difterite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ジフテリア","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"디프테리아","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Błonica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Difteria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дифтерия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Záškrt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Difteri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дифтерія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"白喉","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Diphtheria","text":"Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it.\nDiphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. Symptoms include:\n• Sore throat\n• Swollen glands in the neck\n• Fever\n• Weakness\nYour doctor will diagnose it based on your signs and symptoms and a lab test. Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. If your doctor suspects that you have it, you'll start treatment before the lab tests come back. Treatment is with antibiotics.\nThe diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine can prevent diphtheria, but its protection does not last forever. Children need another dose, or booster, at about age 12. Then, as adults, they should get a booster every 10 years. Diphtheria is very rare in the United States because of the vaccine.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Difteria","text":"La difteria es una infección bacteriana grave. Se puede contraer de la tos o estornudo de una persona infectada. También se puede infectar al entrar en contacto con un objeto, como un juguete, contaminado con la bacteria.\nLa difteria usualmente afecta la nariz y la garganta. Los síntomas incluyen:\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Ganglios inflamados en el cuello\n• Fiebre\n• Debilidad\nEl médico la diagnostica en base a signos y síntomas y una prueba de laboratorio. Tratarse rápidamente la difteria es importante. Si su médico sospecha que usted la tiene, comenzará el tratamiento antes que las pruebas de laboratorio confirmen la infección. El tratamiento es con antibióticos.\nLa vacuna contra el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina (DPT, por sus siglas en inglés) puede prevenir la difteria, pero su protección no dura para siempre. Los niños necesitan otras dosis o refuerzos alrededor de los 12 años. Los adultos deben recibir una dosis de refuerzo cada 10 años. La difteria es muy poco frecuente en los Estados Unidos gracias a la vacuna.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0014","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"whooping-cough","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/whooping-cough","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A37","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Whooping Cough","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tos ferina","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tuse convulsivă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السعال الديكي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Černý kašel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Keuchhusten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κοκκύτης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Coqueluche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"काली खांसी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szamárköhögés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pertosse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"百日咳","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"백일해","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krztusiec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Coqueluche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Коклюш","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Čierny kašeľ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Boğmaca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кашлюк","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"百日咳","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Pertussis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Whooping Cough","text":"What is whooping cough?\nWhooping cough, or pertussis, is a respiratory infection that can cause coughing fits. In serious cases, the coughing can become violent and rapid. You may cough so hard that you vomit. The name of the disease comes from the whooping noise you might make when you try to breathe in after coughing.\nWhooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone. But it can be especially serious in babies who did not yet get the vaccine. About half of babies under age one who get whooping cough need care in the hospital.\nWhat causes whooping cough?\nWhooping cough is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. It spreads from person to person. People who have pertussis usually spread it through coughing, sneezing, or breathing very close to someone. It can also sometimes be spread by touching an infected surface and then touching your nose or mouth.\nIf you get pertussis, you are contagious for about 2 weeks after you start coughing. Antibiotics may shorten the time that you are contagious.\nWhat are the symptoms of whooping cough?\nThe symptoms of pertussis usually start within 5 to 10 days after you are exposed. But sometimes you may not get symptoms until up to 3 weeks later.\nWhooping cough usually starts with cold-like symptoms. They may last for 1 to 2 weeks and can include:\n• Runny nose\n• Mild fever\n• Mild, occasional cough\nThe early symptoms in babies can be different. They may only cough a little bit, or they may not cough at all. Babies may have apnea, which means that there is a pause in breathing. They may start to turn blue. If this happens, get medical care for your baby right away.\nAs whopping cough gets worse, the symptoms may include:\n• Fits of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched \"whoop\" sound\n• Vomiting during or after coughing fits\n• Exhaustion after coughing fits\nThe coughing fits get worse and start happening more often, especially at night. You may have them for up to 10 weeks or more.\nRecovery from this can happen slowly. Your cough gets milder and happens less often. The coughing fits can come back if you have another respiratory infection, even months after you first got whooping cough.\nHow is whooping cough diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose whooping cough:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• A lab test which involves taking a sample of mucus from the back of the throat through the nose. This may be done with a swab or syringe filled with saline. The sample is tested for the bacteria that causes whooping cough.\n• Blood test\n• Chest x-ray\nWhat are the treatments for whooping cough?\nThe treatment for whooping cough is usually antibiotics. Early treatment is very important. It may make your infection less serious and can also help prevent spreading the disease to others.\nTreatment after you have been sick for 3 weeks or longer may not help. The bacteria are gone from your body by then, even though you usually still have symptoms. This is because the bacteria have already done damage to your body.\nWhooping cough can sometimes be very serious and require treatment in the hospital.\nCan whooping cough be prevented?\nVaccines are the best way to prevent whooping cough. There are two vaccines in the United States that can help prevent whooping cough: DTaP and Tdap. These vaccines also provide protection against tetanus and diphtheria.\nBabies and other people at high risk serious disease should be kept away from people who have whooping cough.\nSometimes health care providers give antibiotics to family members of people who have had whooping cough or people who have been exposed to it. The antibiotics may prevent them from getting the disease.\nYou may also help prevent the spread of whooping cough (and other respiratory diseases) by:\n• Washing your hands often with soap and water. You can use an alcohol-based hand rub if soap and water are not available.\n• Avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands\n• Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch, including toys\n• Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve, not hands\n• Staying home when sick\n• Avoiding close contact with people who are sick\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tos ferina","text":"¿Qué es la tos ferina?\nLa tos ferina, también conocida como pertusis, tos convulsa o coqueluche, es una infección respiratoria que puede provocar ataques de tos. En casos graves, la tos puede ser violenta y rápida. Puede toser con tanta fuerza que termine vomitando. El nombre de la enfermedad proviene del sonido que puede hacer al intentar inhalar después de toser.\nLa tos ferina es muy contagiosa y puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero puede ser especialmente grave en los bebés que aún no reciben la vacuna. Cerca de la mitad de los bebés menores de un año que padecen tos ferina necesitan atención en el hospital.\n¿Qué causa la tos ferina?\nLa tos ferina es causada por un tipo de bacteria llamada Bordetella pertussis. Se transmite de persona a persona. En general, las personas que tienen tos ferina la transmiten al toser, estornudar o respirar muy cerca de alguien. A veces, también se puede contagiar al tocar una superficie infectada y luego tocarse la nariz o la boca.\nSi contrae tos ferina, puede transmitirla durante unas 2 semanas después de comenzar a toser. Los antibióticos pueden acortar el tiempo de contagio.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la tos ferina?\nEn general, los síntomas de la tos ferina comienzan dentro de los 5 a 10 días posteriores a la exposición. Sin embargo, a veces es posible que no presente síntomas hasta 3 semanas después.\nLa tos ferina generalmente comienza con síntomas similares a los de un resfriado. Pueden durar de 1 a 2 semanas y pueden incluir:\n• Goteo nasal\n• Fiebre leve\n• Tos leve y ocasional\nLos primeros síntomas en los bebés pueden ser diferentes. Es posible que tosa solo un poco o que no tosa en absoluto. Los bebés pueden tener apnea, es decir, hay una pausa en su respiración. Pueden comenzar a ponerse azules. Si esto sucede, busque atención médica de inmediato para su bebé.\nA medida que la tos ferina empeora, los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Ataques de mucha tos rápida seguidos de un sonido similar a un \"grito\" agudo\n• Vómitos durante o después de ataques de tos\n• Agotamiento después de ataques de tos\nLos ataques de tos empeoran y comienzan a ocurrir con más frecuencia, especialmente por la noche. Puede tenerlos hasta por 10 semanas o más.\nLa recuperación puede avanzar lentamente. Su tos se vuelve más leve y ocurre con menos frecuencia. Los ataques de tos pueden reaparecer si tiene otra infección respiratoria, incluso meses después de haber tenido tos ferina por primera vez.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la tos ferina?\nSu profesional de la salud puede diagnosticar la tos ferina con:\n• Su historia clínica, que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Una prueba de laboratorio que consiste en tomar una muestra de moco de la parte posterior de la garganta a través de la nariz. Esto se puede hacer con un hisopo o una jeringa llena de solución salina. La muestra se analiza para detectar la bacteria que causa la tos ferina\n• Prueba de sangre\n• Radiografía de pecho\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la tos ferina?\nLa tos ferina se suele tratar con antibióticos. El tratamiento temprano es muy importante. Puede hacer que su infección sea menos grave y también puede ayudar a prevenir la transmisión de la enfermedad a otras personas.\nEs posible que, después de haber estado enfermo durante 3 semanas o más, el tratamiento no ayude. Para entonces, las bacterias han desaparecido de su cuerpo, aunque por lo general todavía tiene síntomas. Esto se debe a que las bacterias ya han hecho daño a su cuerpo.\nEn ocasiones, la tos ferina puede ser muy grave y requerir tratamiento en el hospital.\n¿Se puede prevenir la tos ferina?\nVacunarse es la mejor manera de prevenir la tos ferina. Hay dos vacunas en los Estados Unidos que pueden ayudar a prevenirla: DTaP y Tdap. Estas vacunas también brindan protección contra el tétanos y la difteria.\nLos bebés y otras personas con alto riesgo de enfermedades graves deben mantenerse alejados de las personas que tienen tos ferina.\nA veces, los profesionales de la salud administran antibióticos a familiares de personas que han tenido tos ferina o personas que han estado expuestas a ella. Los antibióticos pueden evitar que contraigan la enfermedad.\nTambién puede ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la tos ferina (y otras enfermedades respiratorias) al:\n• Lavarse las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Puede usar un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol si no hay agua y jabón\n• Evitar tocarse la cara con las manos sin lavar\n• Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia, incluyendo juguetes\n• Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo de papel o la manga superior de la camisa, no con las manos\n• Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo\n• Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0006","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Cough\" as a related topic of \"Whooping Cough\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0015","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"scarlet-fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/scarlet-fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A38","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1B50","display":"Scarlet fever","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/107294155","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#107294155"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Scarlet fever","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Scarlatină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمى القرمزية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spála","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Scharlach","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οστρακιά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Escarlatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Scarlatine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्कार्लेट ज्वर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Skarlát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Scarlattina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"猩紅熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"성홍열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Płonica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Escarlatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Скарлатина","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Šarlach","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kızıl","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Скарлатина","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"猩红热","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Streptococcal Infections","text":"What are streptococcal infections?\nStrep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria that often lives in your nose and throat. Most strep infections are mild, but some may become serious depending on your overall health.\nThere are several types of strep. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.\nHow do streptococcal infections spread?\nThere are different ways that streptococcal infections may spread:\n• Group A strep can be spread from a person who has the infection, even if they don't feel sick, when:\n• They cough or sneeze\n• You share a glass or utensil with them\n• You touch something with the bacteria on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose\n• You touch their open wound or sore\n• Group B strep can be passed to a newborn through fluids during a vaginal birth\nWho is more likely to get a streptococcal infection?\n• Group A strep infections are most common in children ages 5 to 15, but adults can get them too. You may be at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system, open sores or wounds, or certain viral infections such as a cold or flu.\n• Group B strep is most often a concern for newborns. Adults can also get group B strep infections, especially those 65 or older or who already have other health problems.\nWhat are the symptoms of streptococcal infections?\nSymptoms depend on the type of infection. Most group A strep infections are mild, but some can be serious.\nGroup A strep may cause:\n• Strep throat. A sore, red throat. Your tonsils may be swollen and have white spots on them.\n• Scarlet fever. An illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash that spreads across the body.\n• Impetigo. A skin infection that causes sores or blisters, often around the mouth, nose, or on the arms and legs.\n• Cellulitis. A skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and pain, usually on the legs.\n• Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease). A rare but serious infection that spreads quickly through the skin and tissue.\n• Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. A rare but life-threatening illness where the bacteria release toxins that can cause organ failure.\nGroup B strep may cause:\n• Blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns\n• Urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections, and pneumonia in adults\nHow are streptococcal infections diagnosed?\nGroup A strep. How strep is diagnosed depends on the type of infection. Your healthcare provider will usually diagnose strep throat with a rapid test or a throat culture. Other strep infections may require a physical exam, lab tests, imaging, or in some cases, surgery.\nGroup B strep. If you are pregnant, your provider will typically screen you for group B strep around 36 to 37 weeks.\nWhat are the treatments for streptococcal infections?\nYour treatment will depend on the type of infection:\n• Group A strep infections often go away on their own after about a week. If you need treatment, your provider will likely prescribe antibiotics. More serious (invasive) group A strep infections may require you to receive antibiotics in a hospital. Without treatment, these infections can lead to serious health problems.\n• Group B strep infections in pregnant women are treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor to protect the newborn. Adults with group B strep infections are also treated with antibiotics.\nCan streptococcal infections be prevented?\nYou can help prevent some group A strep infections by practicing good hygiene habits, including:\n• Avoiding close contact with someone who has an infection\n• Washing your hands often with soap and water\n• Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze\nTo help prevent group B strep infections in newborns, you should get screened during pregnancy. If you test positive, antibiotics given during labor can protect your baby.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por estreptococo","text":"¿Qué son las infecciones por estreptococo?\nStrep es la abreviatura de Streptococcus, un tipo de bacteria que suele vivir en la nariz y la garganta. La mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococo son leves, pero algunas pueden volverse graves, dependiendo de su estado de salud general.\nHay varios tipos. Dos de ellos causan la mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococos en las personas: el grupo A y el grupo B.\n¿Cómo se propagan las infecciones por estreptococo?\nHay diferentes formas en que pueden propagarse las infecciones por estreptococos:\n• Estreptococo del grupo A: Puede transmitirse de una persona portadora de la infección, incluso si no se siente enferma, cuando:\n• La persona con la infección tose o estornuda\n• Usted comparte un vaso o un utensilio con la persona que tiene la infección\n• Usted toca algo que tenga la bacteria y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz\n• Usted toca una herida abierta o una llaga de la persona con la infección\n• Estreptococo del grupo B: Puede transmitirse a un recién nacido a través de los fluidos durante el parto vaginal\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer una infección por estreptococo?\n• Las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A son más frecuentes en niños de 5 a 15 años, pero los adultos también pueden contraerlas. Usted puede correr un mayor riesgo si tiene el sistema inmunitario debilitado, llagas o heridas abiertas, o ciertas infecciones virales como un resfriado o la gripe\n• El estreptococo del grupo B suele ser motivo de preocupación principalmente en los recién nacidos. Los adultos también pueden contraer infecciones por estreptococo del grupo B, especialmente aquellos de 65 años o más o quienes ya tienen otros problemas de salud\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por estreptococo?\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. La mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A son leves, pero algunas pueden ser graves.\nEl estreptococo del grupo A puede causar:\n• Faringitis estreptocócica: Dolor y enrojecimiento de la garganta. Las amígdalas pueden estar inflamadas y presentar manchas blancas\n• Escarlatina: Una enfermedad que aparece después de la faringitis estreptocócica. Provoca un sarpullido rojo que se extiende por todo el cuerpo\n• Impétigo: Una infección cutánea que causa llagas o ampollas, a menudo alrededor de la boca y la nariz, o en los brazos y las piernas\n• Celulitis: Una infección de la piel que causa enrojecimiento, hinchazón y dolor, generalmente en las piernas\n• Fascitis necrosante (enfermedad \"comecarne\"): Una infección poco frecuente pero grave que se propaga rápidamente por la piel y los tejidos\n• Síndrome de choque tóxico estreptocócico: Una enfermedad poco frecuente pero potencialmente mortal en la que las bacterias liberan toxinas que pueden provocar insuficiencia orgánica\nEl estreptococo del grupo B puede causar:\n• Infecciones de la sangre, neumonía y meningitis en recién nacidos\n• Infecciones de las vías urinarias, infecciones de la sangre, infecciones de la piel y neumonía en adultos\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por estreptococo?\nEstreptococo del grupo A: El diagnóstico de la infección por estreptococo depende del tipo de infección. Su proveedor de cuidado médico generalmente diagnosticará la faringitis estreptocócica con una prueba rápida o un cultivo de garganta. Otras infecciones por estreptococo pueden requerir un examen físico, pruebas de laboratorio, pruebas por imágenes o, en algunos casos, cirugía.\nEstreptococo del grupo B: Si está embarazada, su profesional de la salud generalmente le realizará una prueba de estreptococos del grupo B entre las semanas 36 y 37.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por estreptococo?\nEl tratamiento dependerá del tipo de infección:\n• Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A suelen desaparecer por sí solas después de aproximadamente una semana. Si necesita tratamiento, es probable que su médico le recete antibióticos. Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A más graves (invasivas) pueden requerir que reciba antibióticos en un hospital. Sin tratamiento, estas infecciones pueden provocar problemas de salud graves\n• Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B en mujeres embarazadas se tratan con antibióticos intravenosos (IV) durante el parto para proteger al recién nacido. Los adultos con infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B también reciben tratamiento con antibióticos\n¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por estreptococo?\nUsted puede ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A mediante buenos hábitos de higiene, tales como:\n• Evitar el contacto cercano con alguien que sepa que tenga la infección\n• Lavarse las manos frecuentemente con agua y jabón\n• Cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar\nPara ayudar a prevenir las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo B en los recién nacidos, debe hacerse una prueba de detección durante el embarazo. Si el resultado es positivo, los antibióticos administrados durante el parto pueden proteger a su bebé.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0016","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"meningococcal-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/meningococcal-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A39","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C1C.Z","display":"Meningococcal disease, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1664016479/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1664016479/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Meningococcal disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infecție meningococică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض المكورات السحائية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Meningokoková infekce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Meningokokken-Erkrankung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μηνιγγιτιδοκοκκική νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad meningocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection à méningocoque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेनिंगोकोकल रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Meningococcus-fertőzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia meningococcica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"髄膜炎菌感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"수막구균 감염증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba meningokokowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença meningocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Менингококковая инфекция","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Meningokoková infekcia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Meningokok hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Менінгококова інфекція","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑膜炎球菌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Meningococcal Disease","text":"What is meningococcal disease?\nMeningococcal disease is the name for any illness that is caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria (also called meningococcal bacteria). These illnesses are often severe and can sometimes be deadly. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and in the bloodstream (sepsis). Vaccines can help prevent the disease.\nWhat causes meningococcal disease?\nSome people have Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria that cause the disease, in the back of their nose and throat. They usually have the bacteria but don't get sick. This is called being a \"carrier.\" But sometimes the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause meningococcal disease.\nThe bacteria can spread from person to person through saliva (spit). It usually happens through close or lengthy contact with a person who has it. Close contact can include things like kissing and coughing.\nYou cannot catch the bacteria through casual contact with someone who has the disease. For example, you cannot get it by breathing air where that person has been.\nWho is more likely to get meningococcal disease?\nAnyone can get meningococcal disease, but you are more likely to get it if someone you live with has it. You are also more likely to get it if you have direct contact with the saliva of someone who has it (like through kissing).\nAlso, certain groups of people are more likely to get the disease. They include:\n• Children younger than 1 year old.\n• Teens and young adults ages 16 through 23 years old.\n• Adults 65 years and older.\n• People with medical conditions that weaken their immune system, including those with HIV and certain rare immune system diseases.\n• People who either don't have a spleen or have a spleen that does not function well.\n• People who take complement inhibitor. These are immunotherapy medicines that are given to people with certain rare conditions.\n• People who live in crowded settings, such as college dorms or military barracks.\n• People who travel to areas where the disease is more common, such as certain parts of sub-Saharan Africa.\nWhat are the symptoms of meningococcal disease?\nThere are different types of meningococcal disease. The most common types are meningitis and septicemia. Both types are very serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours.\nMeningococcal meningitis is a meningococcal infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. The most common symptoms include:\n• Fever\n• Headache\n• Stiff neck\nIt can also cause symptoms such as:\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Photophobia (your eyes being more sensitive to light)\n• Confusion\nIt may be hard to notice these symptoms in newborns and babies. They can also have different symptoms. They may:\n• Be slow or inactive\n• Be irritable\n• Vomit\n• Feed poorly\n• Have a bulging of the soft spot of their skull\nMeningococcal septicemia is a meningococcal infection of the bloodstream. It's also called meningococcemia. When someone has this disease, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply. This damages the walls of the blood vessels and causes bleeding into the skin and organs. The symptoms may include:\n• Fever and chills\n• Fatigue\n• Vomiting\n• Cold hands and feet\n• Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, chest, or abdomen (belly)\n• Rapid breathing\n• Diarrhea\n• A dark purple rash (in the later stages of the disease)\nBecause it is so serious, you need to seek immediate medical attention if you or your child develops the symptoms of meningococcal disease.\nHow is meningococcal disease diagnosed?\nThe signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease are often similar to those of other illnesses. This can make it hard to diagnose.\nIf your (or your child's) health care provider thinks that you or your child could have meningococcal disease, they will order tests that take samples of blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (fluid near the spinal cord). They will send the samples to a lab for testing. The testing will include bacteria culture testing, which can identify the specific type of bacteria that is causing the infection. Knowing this can help the provider decide on the best treatment.\nWhat are the treatments for meningococcal disease?\nCertain antibiotics can treat meningococcal disease. It is important that treatment is started as soon as possible. So if the provider thinks you have meningococcal disease, they will give you antibiotics right away (before the test results come back).\nPeople with serious disease may need additional treatments, such as:\n• Breathing support\n• Medicines to treat low blood pressure\n• Surgery to remove dead tissue\n• Wound care for parts of the body with damaged skin\nSome people with meningococcal disease will have long-term health problems and disabilities. These may include:\n• Loss of limb(s)\n• Deafness\n• Nervous system problems\n• Brain damage\nEven with treatment, 10 to 15 in 100 people will die from the disease.\nCan meningococcal disease be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent meningococcal disease is to get vaccinated. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends meningococcal vaccination for:\n• All preteens and teens\n• Children at higher risk for meningococcal disease\n• Adults at higher risk for meningococcal disease\nIf you are a close contact of a person with meningococcal disease, you will likely be given antibiotics to prevent you from getting sick. This is called \"prophylaxis.\" Close contacts include people who are living together. They also include people who had direct contact with the saliva of a person who has the disease (such as from kissing).\nAlthough it's rare, you can get meningococcal disease more than once.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades meningocócicas","text":"¿Qué son las enfermedades meningocócicas?\nEnfermedad meningocócica es el nombre de cualquier afección causada por la bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (también llamada bacteria meningocócica). Estas enfermedades suelen ser graves y, en ocasiones, pueden ser mortales. Incluyen infecciones del revestimiento del cerebro y la médula espinal (meningitis) y del torrente sanguíneo (sepsis). Las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad meningocócica?\nAlgunas personas tienen Neisseria meningitidis, la bacteria que causa la enfermedad, en la parte de atrás de la nariz y la garganta. Por lo general, tienen la bacteria, pero no se enferman. Esto se conoce como \"portador\". Pero en ocasiones la bacteria puede propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo y causar enfermedad meningocócica.\nLa bacteria puede transmitirse de persona a persona a través de la saliva. Suele ocurrir por contacto estrecho o prolongado con una persona que la tiene. El contacto cercano puede ocurrir al besarse o al toser.\nNo se puede contraer la bacteria a través del contacto casual con alguien que tiene la enfermedad. Por ejemplo, no se puede contraer al respirar el aire donde ha estado una persona con la afección.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer enfermedades meningocócicas?\nCualquiera puede contraer la enfermedad meningocócica, pero es más probable que la contraiga si alguien con quien vive la padece. También es más probable que se contagie si tiene contacto directo con la saliva de alguien que la tiene (por ejemplo, al besarse).\nAdemás, ciertos grupos de personas tienen más probabilidades de contraer la enfermedad, incluyendo:\n• Niños menores de 1 año\n• Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de 16 a 23 años\n• Adultos de 65 años y mayores\n• Personas con afecciones médicas que debilitan su sistema inmunitario, incluyendo aquellas con VIH y ciertas enfermedades inmunitarias raras\n• Personas que no tienen bazo o que tienen un bazo que no funciona bien\n• Personas que toman inhibidores del complemento. Estos son medicamentos de inmunoterapia que se administran a aquellos con ciertas enfermedades raras\n• Personas que viven en entornos hacinados, como dormitorios universitarios o cuarteles militares\n• Personas que viajan a zonas donde la enfermedad es más común, como ciertas partes del África subsahariana\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades meningocócicas?\nExisten diferentes tipos de enfermedad meningocócica. Los tipos más comunes son la meningitis y la septicemia. Ambos son muy graves y pueden ser mortales en cuestión de horas.\nLa meningitis meningocócica es una infección meningocócica del revestimiento del cerebro y la médula espinal. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Rigidez de nuca\nTambién puede causar síntomas como:\n• Náuseas y vómitos\n• Fotofobia (ojos más sensibles a la luz)\n• Confusión\nPuede resultar difícil notar estos síntomas en los recién nacidos y los bebés. También pueden tener otros síntomas, como:\n• Estar lentos o inactivos\n• Estar irritables\n• Vomitar\n• Alimentarse mal\n• Tienen un abultamiento en la parte blanda del cráneo\nLa septicemia meningocócica es una infección meningocócica del torrente sanguíneo. También se conoce como meningococemia. Cuando una persona tiene esta enfermedad, las bacterias ingresan al torrente sanguíneo y se multiplican. Esto daña las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y causa sangrado en la piel y los órganos. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Fatiga\n• Vómitos\n• Manos y pies fríos\n• Dolores intensos o dolor en los músculos, las articulaciones, el pecho o el abdomen\n• Respiración rápida\n• Diarrea\n• Una erupción de color púrpura oscuro (en las últimas etapas de la enfermedad)\nDebido a su gravedad, debe buscar atención médica inmediata si usted o su hijo presentan síntomas de enfermedad meningocócica.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad meningocócica?\nLos signos y síntomas de la enfermedad meningocócica suelen ser similares a los de otras enfermedades. Esto puede dificultar el diagnóstico.\nSi su profesional de la salud (o el de su hijo) piensa que puede haber enfermedad meningocócica, solicitará pruebas que toman muestras de sangre y/o líquido cefalorraquídeo (el fluido cerca de la médula espinal) y enviará las muestras a un laboratorio para su análisis. La prueba incluirá un cultivo de bacterias, que puede identificar el tipo específico de bacteria que esté causando la infección. Saber esto puede ayudar al proveedor de atención médica a determinar el mejor tratamiento.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades meningocócicas?\nCiertos antibióticos pueden tratar la enfermedad meningocócica. Es importante que el tratamiento se inicie lo antes posible. Por ello, si el profesional de la salud piensa que usted tiene enfermedad meningocócica, en general recetará antibióticos de inmediato (antes de que obtenga los resultados de la prueba).\nLas personas con enfermedades serias pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, como:\n• Apoyo respiratorio\n• Medicamentos para tratar la presión arterial baja\n• Cirugía para eliminar tejido muerto\n• Cuidado de heridas en partes del cuerpo con piel dañada\nAlgunas personas con enfermedad meningocócica tendrán problemas de salud y discapacidades a largo plazo, incluyendo:\n• Pérdida de extremidades\n• Sordera\n• Problemas del sistema nervioso\n• Daño cerebral\nIncluso con tratamiento, entre 10 y 15 de cada 100 personas morirán a causa de la enfermedad.\n¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica es vacunarse. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de EE. UU. recomiendan la vacunación meningocócica para:\n• Todos los adolescentes y preadolescentes\n• Niños con mayor riesgo de enfermedad meningocócica\n• Adultos con mayor riesgo de enfermedad meningocócica\nSi es contacto cercano de una persona con enfermedad meningocócica, es probable que le administren antibióticos para evitar que se enferme. Esto se conoce como \"profilaxis\". Los contactos cercanos incluyen personas que viven juntas. También incluyen personas que tuvieron contacto directo con la saliva de una persona con la enfermedad (por ejemplo, al besarse).\nAunque es poco común, puede contraer la enfermedad meningocócica más de una vez.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningococcaldisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0017","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sepsis-without-septic-shock","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sepsis-without-septic-shock","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A40","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis streptococic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنتان الدم العقدي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Streptokoková sepse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Streptokokkensepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Στρεπτοκοκκική σήψη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis estreptocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Septicémie à streptocoques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्ट्रेप्टोकोकल सेप्सिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Streptococcus okozta szepszis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sepsi streptococcica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"レンサ球菌性敗血症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"연쇄상구균 패혈증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Posocznica paciorkowcowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sepse estreptocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Стрептококковый сепсис","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Streptokoková sepsa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Streptokokal sepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Стрептококовий сепсис","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"链球菌脓毒症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Streptococcal sepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sepsis","text":"What is sepsis?\nSepsis is your body's overactive and extreme response to an infection. Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Without quick treatment, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.\nWhat causes sepsis?\nSepsis happens when an infection you already have triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. Bacterial infections are the most common cause, but other types of infections can also cause it.\nThe infections are often in the lungs, stomach, kidneys, or bladder. It's possible for sepsis to begin with a small cut that gets infected or with an infection that develops after surgery. Sometimes, sepsis can occur in people who didn't even know that they had an infection.\nWho is more likely to develop sepsis?\nAnyone with an infection could get sepsis. But certain people are more likely to develop it:\n• Adults 65 or older\n• People with chronic (long-lasting) conditions, such as diabetes, lung disease, cancer, and kidney disease\n• People with weakened immune systems\n• Pregnant women\n• Children younger than one\nWhat are the symptoms of sepsis?\nSepsis can cause one or more of these symptoms:\n• Rapid breathing and heart rate\n• Shortness of breath\n• Confusion or disorientation\n• Extreme pain or discomfort\n• Fever, shivering, or feeling very cold\n• Clammy or sweaty skin\nIt's important to get medical care right away if you think you might have sepsis or if your infection is not getting better or is getting worse.\nWhat other problems can sepsis cause?\nSevere cases of sepsis can lead to septic shock, where your blood pressure drops to a dangerous level and multiple organs can fail.\nHow is sepsis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have sepsis, your health care provider:\n• Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• Will do a physical exam, which includes checking vital signs (your temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing)\n• Will likely order lab tests that check for signs of infection or organ damage\n• May order imaging tests such as an x-ray or a CT scan to find the location of the infection\nMany of the signs and symptoms of sepsis can also be caused by other medical conditions. This may make sepsis hard to diagnose in its early stages.\nWhat are the treatments for sepsis?\nIt is very important to get treatment right away. Treatment usually includes:\n• Antibiotics.\n• Maintaining blood flow to organs. This may involve getting oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluids.\n• Treating the source of the infection.\n• If needed, medicines to increase blood pressure.\nIn serious cases, you might need kidney dialysis or a breathing tube. Some people need surgery to remove tissue damaged by the infection.\nCan sepsis be prevented?\nTo prevent sepsis, you should try to prevent getting an infection:\n• Take good care of any chronic health conditions that you have\n• Get recommended vaccines\n• Practice good hygiene, such as handwashing\n• Keep cuts clean and covered until healed\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sepsis","text":"¿Qué es la sepsis?\nLa sepsis es la respuesta abrumadora y extrema de su cuerpo a una infección. La sepsis es una emergencia médica que puede ser mortal. Sin un tratamiento rápido, puede provocar daños en los tejidos, falla orgánica e incluso la muerte.\n¿Qué causa la sepsis?\nLa sepsis ocurre cuando una infección desencadena una reacción en cadena en todo el cuerpo. Las infecciones bacterianas son la causa más común, pero otros tipos de infecciones también pueden provocarla.\nLas infecciones a menudo ocurren en los pulmones, el estómago, los riñones o la vejiga. Es posible que la sepsis comience con un pequeño corte que se infecta o con una infección que se desarrolla después de una operación. A veces, la sepsis puede ocurrir en personas que ni siquiera sabían que tenían una infección.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sepsis?\nCualquier persona que tiene una infección puede contraer sepsis. Pero ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tenerla:\n• Adultos mayores de 65 años\n• Personas con afecciones crónicas, como diabetes, enfermedad pulmonar, cáncer y enfermedad renal\n• Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados\n• Mujeres embarazadas\n• Niños menores de un año\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sepsis?\nLa sepsis puede causar uno o más de estos síntomas:\n• Respiración y frecuencia cardíaca rápida\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Confusión o desorientación\n• Dolor o molestia extrema\n• Fiebre, escalofríos o sensación de mucho frío\n• Piel húmeda o sudorosa\nEs importante obtener atención médica de inmediato si cree que puede tener sepsis o si su infección no mejora o empeora.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sepsis?\nLos casos graves de sepsis pueden provocar shock séptico, en el cual la presión arterial cae a un nivel peligroso y pueden fallar varios órganos.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la sepsis?\nPara saber si tiene sepsis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Analizará su historia clínica, lo que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Hará un examen físico, incluyendo medir sus signos vitales (temperatura, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca y respiración)\n• Es probable que solicite pruebas de laboratorio para detectar signos de infección o daño a órganos\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de imagen como radiografía o una tomografía computarizada para encontrar la ubicación de la infección\nMuchos de los signos y síntomas de la sepsis también pueden ser causados por otras afecciones médicas. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de diagnosticar en sus primeras etapas.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sepsis?\nEs muy importante recibir tratamiento de inmediato. En general, el tratamiento incluye:\n• Antibióticos\n• Mantener el flujo sanguíneo a los órganos, lo que puede significar asistencia con oxígeno y líquidos por vía intravenosa\n• Tratar la causa de la infección\n• Si es necesario, medicamentos para subir la presión arterial\nEn casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis renal o un tubo de respiración. Algunas personas necesitan cirugía para eliminar el tejido dañado por la infección.\n¿Se puede prevenir la sepsis?\nPara prevenir la sepsis, debe tratar de evitar una infección:\n• Cuide bien cualquier afección de salud crónica que tenga\n• Obtenga las vacunas que se recomiendan\n• Practique una buena higiene, como lavarse las manos\n• Mantenga las heridas limpias y cubiertas hasta que sanen\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0018","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sepsis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sepsis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A41","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإنتان (تسمم الدم)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sepse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis (Blutvergiftung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σήψη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Septicémie (sepsis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेप्सिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szepszis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sepsi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"敗血症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"패혈증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Posocznica (sepsa)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sepse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сепсис","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sepsa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sepsis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сепсис","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脓毒症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sepsis","text":"What is sepsis?\nSepsis is your body's overactive and extreme response to an infection. Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Without quick treatment, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.\nWhat causes sepsis?\nSepsis happens when an infection you already have triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. Bacterial infections are the most common cause, but other types of infections can also cause it.\nThe infections are often in the lungs, stomach, kidneys, or bladder. It's possible for sepsis to begin with a small cut that gets infected or with an infection that develops after surgery. Sometimes, sepsis can occur in people who didn't even know that they had an infection.\nWho is more likely to develop sepsis?\nAnyone with an infection could get sepsis. But certain people are more likely to develop it:\n• Adults 65 or older\n• People with chronic (long-lasting) conditions, such as diabetes, lung disease, cancer, and kidney disease\n• People with weakened immune systems\n• Pregnant women\n• Children younger than one\nWhat are the symptoms of sepsis?\nSepsis can cause one or more of these symptoms:\n• Rapid breathing and heart rate\n• Shortness of breath\n• Confusion or disorientation\n• Extreme pain or discomfort\n• Fever, shivering, or feeling very cold\n• Clammy or sweaty skin\nIt's important to get medical care right away if you think you might have sepsis or if your infection is not getting better or is getting worse.\nWhat other problems can sepsis cause?\nSevere cases of sepsis can lead to septic shock, where your blood pressure drops to a dangerous level and multiple organs can fail.\nHow is sepsis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have sepsis, your health care provider:\n• Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• Will do a physical exam, which includes checking vital signs (your temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing)\n• Will likely order lab tests that check for signs of infection or organ damage\n• May order imaging tests such as an x-ray or a CT scan to find the location of the infection\nMany of the signs and symptoms of sepsis can also be caused by other medical conditions. This may make sepsis hard to diagnose in its early stages.\nWhat are the treatments for sepsis?\nIt is very important to get treatment right away. Treatment usually includes:\n• Antibiotics.\n• Maintaining blood flow to organs. This may involve getting oxygen and intravenous (IV) fluids.\n• Treating the source of the infection.\n• If needed, medicines to increase blood pressure.\nIn serious cases, you might need kidney dialysis or a breathing tube. Some people need surgery to remove tissue damaged by the infection.\nCan sepsis be prevented?\nTo prevent sepsis, you should try to prevent getting an infection:\n• Take good care of any chronic health conditions that you have\n• Get recommended vaccines\n• Practice good hygiene, such as handwashing\n• Keep cuts clean and covered until healed\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sepsis","text":"¿Qué es la sepsis?\nLa sepsis es la respuesta abrumadora y extrema de su cuerpo a una infección. La sepsis es una emergencia médica que puede ser mortal. Sin un tratamiento rápido, puede provocar daños en los tejidos, falla orgánica e incluso la muerte.\n¿Qué causa la sepsis?\nLa sepsis ocurre cuando una infección desencadena una reacción en cadena en todo el cuerpo. Las infecciones bacterianas son la causa más común, pero otros tipos de infecciones también pueden provocarla.\nLas infecciones a menudo ocurren en los pulmones, el estómago, los riñones o la vejiga. Es posible que la sepsis comience con un pequeño corte que se infecta o con una infección que se desarrolla después de una operación. A veces, la sepsis puede ocurrir en personas que ni siquiera sabían que tenían una infección.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sepsis?\nCualquier persona que tiene una infección puede contraer sepsis. Pero ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tenerla:\n• Adultos mayores de 65 años\n• Personas con afecciones crónicas, como diabetes, enfermedad pulmonar, cáncer y enfermedad renal\n• Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados\n• Mujeres embarazadas\n• Niños menores de un año\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sepsis?\nLa sepsis puede causar uno o más de estos síntomas:\n• Respiración y frecuencia cardíaca rápida\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Confusión o desorientación\n• Dolor o molestia extrema\n• Fiebre, escalofríos o sensación de mucho frío\n• Piel húmeda o sudorosa\nEs importante obtener atención médica de inmediato si cree que puede tener sepsis o si su infección no mejora o empeora.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sepsis?\nLos casos graves de sepsis pueden provocar shock séptico, en el cual la presión arterial cae a un nivel peligroso y pueden fallar varios órganos.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la sepsis?\nPara saber si tiene sepsis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Analizará su historia clínica, lo que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Hará un examen físico, incluyendo medir sus signos vitales (temperatura, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca y respiración)\n• Es probable que solicite pruebas de laboratorio para detectar signos de infección o daño a órganos\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de imagen como radiografía o una tomografía computarizada para encontrar la ubicación de la infección\nMuchos de los signos y síntomas de la sepsis también pueden ser causados por otras afecciones médicas. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de diagnosticar en sus primeras etapas.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sepsis?\nEs muy importante recibir tratamiento de inmediato. En general, el tratamiento incluye:\n• Antibióticos\n• Mantener el flujo sanguíneo a los órganos, lo que puede significar asistencia con oxígeno y líquidos por vía intravenosa\n• Tratar la causa de la infección\n• Si es necesario, medicamentos para subir la presión arterial\nEn casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis renal o un tubo de respiración. Algunas personas necesitan cirugía para eliminar el tejido dañado por la infección.\n¿Se puede prevenir la sepsis?\nPara prevenir la sepsis, debe tratar de evitar una infección:\n• Cuide bien cualquier afección de salud crónica que tenga\n• Obtenga las vacunas que se recomiendan\n• Practique una buena higiene, como lavarse las manos\n• Mantenga las heridas limpias y cubiertas hasta que sanen\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0019","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"gonorrhoea","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/gonorrhoea","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A54","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1A7Z","display":"Gonococcal infection, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/609214049/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#609214049/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gonorrhoea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gonoree","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السيلان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kapavka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gonorrhoe (Tripper)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βλεννόρροια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gonorrea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gonorrhée (blennorragie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सूजाक (गोनोरिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gonorrhoea (kankó)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gonorrea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"淋菌感染症（淋病）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"임질","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rzeżączka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gonorreia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гонорея","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kvapavka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bel soğukluğu (gonore)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гонорея","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"淋病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gonorrhea","text":"Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is most common in young adults. The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can infect the genital tract, mouth, or anus. You can get gonorrhea during vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner. A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.\nGonorrhea does not always cause symptoms. In men, gonorrhea can cause pain when urinating and discharge from the penis. If untreated, it can cause problems with the prostate and testicles.\nIn women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea often are mild. Later, it can cause bleeding between periods, pain when urinating, and increased discharge from the vagina. If untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which causes problems with pregnancy and infertility.\nYour health care provider will diagnose gonorrhea with lab tests. Treatment is with antibiotics. Treating gonorrhea is becoming more difficult because drug-resistant strains are increasing. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading gonorrhea. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gonorrea","text":"La gonorrea es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS). Es más común en los adultos jóvenes. La bacteria que causa la gonorrea puede infectar el tracto genital, la boca o el ano. Puede contraerse a través del sexo vaginal, oral o anal con una pareja infectada. Una mujer embarazada puede transmitírsela a su bebé durante el parto.\nAlgunas veces, la gonorrea no provoca síntomas. En los hombres, la gonorrea puede causar dolor al orinar y secreción proveniente del pene. De no tratarse, puede causar problemas en la próstata y testículos.\nEn las mujeres, los primeros síntomas de gonorrea generalmente son leves. A medida que pasa el tiempo, puede provocar hemorragias entre los períodos menstruales, dolor al orinar y aumento de las secreciones vaginales. De no tratarse, puede provocar la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, que causa problemas en el embarazo e infertilidad.\nSu profesional de la salud puede diagnosticar la gonorrea con exámenes de laboratorio. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos. El tratamiento se está volviendo más difícil a raíz del aumento de cepas resistentes a los medicamentos. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la gonorrea. Si su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0020","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lymphogranuloma-venereum","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lymphogranuloma-venereum","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A55","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lymphogranuloma venereum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Limfogranulom venerian","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الورم الحبيبي اللمفي الزهري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lymphogranuloma venereum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lymphogranuloma venereum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αφροδίσιο λεμφοκοκκίωμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linfogranuloma venéreo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lymphogranulomatose vénérienne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लिम्फोग्रैनुलोमा वेनेरियम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lymphogranuloma venereum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linfogranuloma venereo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"性病性リンパ肉芽腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"성병성 림프육아종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ziarnica weneryczna pachwin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linfogranuloma venéreo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Венерическая лимфогранулёма","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lymfogranuloma venereum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenfogranüloma venereum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Венерична лімфогранульома","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"性病性淋巴肉芽肿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chlamydia Infections","text":"What is chlamydia?\nChlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. Anyone can get chlamydia. It often doesn't cause symptoms, so people may not know that they have it. Antibiotics can cure it. But if it's not treated, chlamydia can cause serious health problems.\nHow is chlamydia spread?\nYou can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has chlamydia. Chlamydia can also be passed to the baby during childbirth.\nIf you've had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can get re-infected if you have unprotected sex with someone who has it.\nWho is more likely to get chlamydia?\nChlamydia is more common in young people, especially young women. You are more likely to get infected with chlamydia if you don't consistently use a condom or if you have multiple partners.\nWhat are the symptoms of chlamydia?\nChlamydia doesn't usually cause any symptoms. So you may not realize that you have it. But even if you don't have symptoms, you can still pass the infection to others.\nIf you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with someone who has chlamydia.\nSymptoms in women include:\n• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell\n• A burning sensation when urinating\nIf the infection spreads, you might get lower abdominal (belly) pain, pain during sex, nausea, and fever.\nSymptoms in men include:\n• Discharge from your penis\n• A burning sensation when urinating (peeing)\n• Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common)\nIf the chlamydia infects the rectum (in men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding.\nHow is chlamydia diagnosed?\nThere are lab tests to diagnose chlamydia. Your health care provider may ask you to provide a urine sample. Or your provider may use (or ask you to use) a cotton swab to get a sample from your vagina to test for chlamydia.\nWho should be tested for chlamydia?\nYou should go to your provider for a test if you have symptoms of chlamydia or if you have a partner who has an STI. If you are pregnant, you should get a test when you go to your first prenatal visit.\nPeople at higher risk should get checked for chlamydia every year:\n• Sexually active women 25 and younger\n• Older women who have new or multiple sex partners or a sex partner who has an STI\n• Men who have sex with men (MSM)\nWhat other problems can chlamydia cause?\nIn women, an untreated infection can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. This can lead to long-term pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Women who have had chlamydia infections more than once are at higher risk of serious reproductive health complications.\nMen often don't have health problems from chlamydia. Sometimes it can infect the epididymis (the tube that carries sperm). This can cause pain, fever, and, rarely, infertility.\nBoth men and women can develop reactive arthritis because of a chlamydia infection. Reactive arthritis is a type of arthritis that happens as a \"reaction\" to an infection in the body.\nBabies born to infected mothers can get eye infections and pneumonia from chlamydia. It may also make it more likely for your baby to be born too early.\nUntreated chlamydia may also increase your chances of getting or giving HIV.\nWhat are the treatments for chlamydia?\nAntibiotics will cure the infection. You may get a one-time dose of the antibiotics, or you may need to take medicine every day for 7 days. It is important to take all the medicine that your provider prescribed for you. Antibiotics cannot repair any permanent damage that the disease has caused.\nTo prevent spreading the disease to your partner, you should not have sex until the infection has cleared up. If you got a one-time dose of antibiotics, you should wait 7 days after taking the medicine to have sex again. If you have to take medicine every day for 7 days, you should not have sex again until you have finished taking all of the doses of your medicine.\nIt is common to get a repeat infection, so you need to get tested again about three months after treatment.\nCan chlamydia be prevented?\nThe only sure way to prevent chlamydia is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.\nCorrect usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por clamidia","text":"¿Qué es la clamidia?\nLa clamidia es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) común. Es causada por la bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Cualquier persona puede contraer clamidia. A menudo no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que las personas no sepan que la tienen. Los antibióticos pueden curarla. Pero si no se trata, la clamidia puede causar serios problemas de salud.\n¿Cómo se propaga la clamidia?\nUsted puede contraer clamidia durante el sexo oral, vaginal o anal con alguien que tiene clamidia. La clamidia también se puede transmitir al bebé durante el parto.\nSi usted tuvo clamidia y recibió tratamiento en el pasado, puede volver a infectarse si tiene relaciones sexuales sin protección con alguien que la tenga.\n¿Quién es más propenso a contraer clamidia?\nLa clamidia es más común en personas jóvenes, especialmente mujeres. Es más probable que se infecte con clamidia si no usa un condón constantemente o si tiene varias parejas sexuales.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la clamidia?\nEn general, la clamidia no presenta síntomas, por lo que puede no darse cuenta que la tiene. Pero aun si no tiene síntomas, de todas formas puede contagiar la infección a otras personas.\nSi tiene síntomas, es posible que no aparezcan hasta varias semanas después de haber tenido relaciones sexuales con una persona con clamidia.\nLos síntomas en las mujeres incluyen:\n• Flujo vaginal anormal, que puede tener un fuerte olor\n• Sensación de ardor al orinar\nSi la infección se propaga, es posible presentar dolor abdominal bajo, dolor durante las relaciones sexuales, náuseas y fiebre.\nLos síntomas en los hombres incluyen:\n• Secreción del pene\n• Sensación de ardor al orinar\n• Dolor e inflamación en uno o ambos testículos, aunque esto es menos común\nSi la clamidia infecta el recto puede causar dolor rectal, secreción y/o sangrado tanto en hombres como en mujeres.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la clamidia?\nLa clamidia se diagnostica con pruebas de laboratorio. Su profesional de la salud puede pedirle una muestra de orina. O su proveedor puede usar (o pedirle que use) un hisopo de algodón para obtener una muestra de la vagina para detectar clamidia.\n¿Quién debe hacerse la prueba de la clamidia?\nUsted debe acudir a su proveedor de salud para un examen si presenta síntomas de la clamidia, o si su pareja tiene una infección de transmisión sexual. Si está embarazada, debe hacerse una prueba cuando vaya a su primera visita prenatal.\nLas personas en mayor riesgo que deben ser evaluadas para detectar clamidia cada año son:\n• Mujeres sexualmente activas de 25 años o menos\n• Mujeres mayores que tienen nuevas o múltiples parejas sexuales, o una pareja con una infección de transmisión sexual\n• Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH)\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la clamidia?\nEn las mujeres, una infección de clamidia no tratada puede propagarse al útero y trompas de Falopio, causando enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica. Esta afección puede causar daños permanentes en el sistema reproductor. Esto puede provocar dolor pélvico crónico, infertilidad y embarazo ectópico. Las mujeres que han tenido infecciones por clamidia más de una vez están en mayor riesgo de complicaciones graves de salud reproductiva.\nLos hombres en general no presentan problemas de salud por la clamidia. A veces puede infectar el epidídimo, el tubo por el que se trasladan los espermatozoides. Esto puede causar dolor, fiebre y, en raras ocasiones, infertilidad.\nLa infección por clamidia también puede provocar artritis reactiva tanto en hombres como mujeres. Este tipo de artritis ocurre como una \"reacción\" a una infección en el cuerpo.\nLos bebés nacidos de madres infectadas con clamidia pueden contraer infecciones a los ojos y neumonía. También puede ser más probable que el bebé nazca antes de tiempo.\nLa clamidia no tratada también puede aumentar sus probabilidades de contraer o transmitir el VIH.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la clamidia?\nLa infección se cura con antibióticos. Es posible obtenerlos en una sola dosis, o puede que tenga que tomar medicamentos durante 7 días. Es importante que tome todos los medicamentos que su profesional de la salud le recetó. Los antibióticos no curarán cualquier daño permanente que haya causado la enfermedad.\nPara evitar infectar a su pareja, usted no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta que la infección haya terminado. Si recibió una dosis única de antibióticos, debe esperar siete días después de tomar la medicina para volver a tener relaciones sexuales. Si usted debe tomar medicamentos por siete días, no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta haber terminado el tratamiento.\nEs común volver a contraer la infección, por lo que necesita hacerse la prueba de nuevo unos tres meses después de finalizar el tratamiento.\n¿Cómo se puede prevenir la clamidia?\nLa única forma segura de prevenir la clamidia es no tener sexo vaginal, anal u oral.\nEl uso correcto de los condones de látex reduce en gran medida, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la clamidia. Si su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0021","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chlamydia-sexually-transmitted","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chlamydia-sexually-transmitted","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A56","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1A81.Z","display":"Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted chlamydial infection of unspecified site","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/900285196/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#900285196/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydia (sexually transmitted)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydia (infecție cu transmitere sexuală)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الكلاميديا (عدوى منقولة جنسياً)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydiová infekce (pohlavně přenosná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydien-Infektion (sexuell übertragen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χλαμύδια (σεξουαλικώς μεταδιδόμενη λοίμωξη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Clamidia (infección de transmisión sexual)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydiose (infection sexuellement transmissible)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"क्लैमाइडिया (यौन संचारित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydia (szexuális úton terjedő)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Clamidia (infezione a trasmissione sessuale)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"性器クラミジア感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"클라미디아(성매개 감염)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Chlamydioza (zakażenie przenoszone drogą płciową)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Clamídia (infeção sexualmente transmissível)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хламидиоз (передаётся половым путём)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chlamýdiová infekcia (pohlavne prenosná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Klamidya (cinsel yolla bulaşan)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хламідіоз (передається статевим шляхом)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"衣原体感染（性传播）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chlamydia Infections","text":"What is chlamydia?\nChlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. Anyone can get chlamydia. It often doesn't cause symptoms, so people may not know that they have it. Antibiotics can cure it. But if it's not treated, chlamydia can cause serious health problems.\nHow is chlamydia spread?\nYou can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has chlamydia. Chlamydia can also be passed to the baby during childbirth.\nIf you've had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can get re-infected if you have unprotected sex with someone who has it.\nWho is more likely to get chlamydia?\nChlamydia is more common in young people, especially young women. You are more likely to get infected with chlamydia if you don't consistently use a condom or if you have multiple partners.\nWhat are the symptoms of chlamydia?\nChlamydia doesn't usually cause any symptoms. So you may not realize that you have it. But even if you don't have symptoms, you can still pass the infection to others.\nIf you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with someone who has chlamydia.\nSymptoms in women include:\n• Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell\n• A burning sensation when urinating\nIf the infection spreads, you might get lower abdominal (belly) pain, pain during sex, nausea, and fever.\nSymptoms in men include:\n• Discharge from your penis\n• A burning sensation when urinating (peeing)\n• Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common)\nIf the chlamydia infects the rectum (in men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding.\nHow is chlamydia diagnosed?\nThere are lab tests to diagnose chlamydia. Your health care provider may ask you to provide a urine sample. Or your provider may use (or ask you to use) a cotton swab to get a sample from your vagina to test for chlamydia.\nWho should be tested for chlamydia?\nYou should go to your provider for a test if you have symptoms of chlamydia or if you have a partner who has an STI. If you are pregnant, you should get a test when you go to your first prenatal visit.\nPeople at higher risk should get checked for chlamydia every year:\n• Sexually active women 25 and younger\n• Older women who have new or multiple sex partners or a sex partner who has an STI\n• Men who have sex with men (MSM)\nWhat other problems can chlamydia cause?\nIn women, an untreated infection can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. This can lead to long-term pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Women who have had chlamydia infections more than once are at higher risk of serious reproductive health complications.\nMen often don't have health problems from chlamydia. Sometimes it can infect the epididymis (the tube that carries sperm). This can cause pain, fever, and, rarely, infertility.\nBoth men and women can develop reactive arthritis because of a chlamydia infection. Reactive arthritis is a type of arthritis that happens as a \"reaction\" to an infection in the body.\nBabies born to infected mothers can get eye infections and pneumonia from chlamydia. It may also make it more likely for your baby to be born too early.\nUntreated chlamydia may also increase your chances of getting or giving HIV.\nWhat are the treatments for chlamydia?\nAntibiotics will cure the infection. You may get a one-time dose of the antibiotics, or you may need to take medicine every day for 7 days. It is important to take all the medicine that your provider prescribed for you. Antibiotics cannot repair any permanent damage that the disease has caused.\nTo prevent spreading the disease to your partner, you should not have sex until the infection has cleared up. If you got a one-time dose of antibiotics, you should wait 7 days after taking the medicine to have sex again. If you have to take medicine every day for 7 days, you should not have sex again until you have finished taking all of the doses of your medicine.\nIt is common to get a repeat infection, so you need to get tested again about three months after treatment.\nCan chlamydia be prevented?\nThe only sure way to prevent chlamydia is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.\nCorrect usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por clamidia","text":"¿Qué es la clamidia?\nLa clamidia es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) común. Es causada por la bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Cualquier persona puede contraer clamidia. A menudo no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que las personas no sepan que la tienen. Los antibióticos pueden curarla. Pero si no se trata, la clamidia puede causar serios problemas de salud.\n¿Cómo se propaga la clamidia?\nUsted puede contraer clamidia durante el sexo oral, vaginal o anal con alguien que tiene clamidia. La clamidia también se puede transmitir al bebé durante el parto.\nSi usted tuvo clamidia y recibió tratamiento en el pasado, puede volver a infectarse si tiene relaciones sexuales sin protección con alguien que la tenga.\n¿Quién es más propenso a contraer clamidia?\nLa clamidia es más común en personas jóvenes, especialmente mujeres. Es más probable que se infecte con clamidia si no usa un condón constantemente o si tiene varias parejas sexuales.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la clamidia?\nEn general, la clamidia no presenta síntomas, por lo que puede no darse cuenta que la tiene. Pero aun si no tiene síntomas, de todas formas puede contagiar la infección a otras personas.\nSi tiene síntomas, es posible que no aparezcan hasta varias semanas después de haber tenido relaciones sexuales con una persona con clamidia.\nLos síntomas en las mujeres incluyen:\n• Flujo vaginal anormal, que puede tener un fuerte olor\n• Sensación de ardor al orinar\nSi la infección se propaga, es posible presentar dolor abdominal bajo, dolor durante las relaciones sexuales, náuseas y fiebre.\nLos síntomas en los hombres incluyen:\n• Secreción del pene\n• Sensación de ardor al orinar\n• Dolor e inflamación en uno o ambos testículos, aunque esto es menos común\nSi la clamidia infecta el recto puede causar dolor rectal, secreción y/o sangrado tanto en hombres como en mujeres.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la clamidia?\nLa clamidia se diagnostica con pruebas de laboratorio. Su profesional de la salud puede pedirle una muestra de orina. O su proveedor puede usar (o pedirle que use) un hisopo de algodón para obtener una muestra de la vagina para detectar clamidia.\n¿Quién debe hacerse la prueba de la clamidia?\nUsted debe acudir a su proveedor de salud para un examen si presenta síntomas de la clamidia, o si su pareja tiene una infección de transmisión sexual. Si está embarazada, debe hacerse una prueba cuando vaya a su primera visita prenatal.\nLas personas en mayor riesgo que deben ser evaluadas para detectar clamidia cada año son:\n• Mujeres sexualmente activas de 25 años o menos\n• Mujeres mayores que tienen nuevas o múltiples parejas sexuales, o una pareja con una infección de transmisión sexual\n• Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH)\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la clamidia?\nEn las mujeres, una infección de clamidia no tratada puede propagarse al útero y trompas de Falopio, causando enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica. Esta afección puede causar daños permanentes en el sistema reproductor. Esto puede provocar dolor pélvico crónico, infertilidad y embarazo ectópico. Las mujeres que han tenido infecciones por clamidia más de una vez están en mayor riesgo de complicaciones graves de salud reproductiva.\nLos hombres en general no presentan problemas de salud por la clamidia. A veces puede infectar el epidídimo, el tubo por el que se trasladan los espermatozoides. Esto puede causar dolor, fiebre y, en raras ocasiones, infertilidad.\nLa infección por clamidia también puede provocar artritis reactiva tanto en hombres como mujeres. Este tipo de artritis ocurre como una \"reacción\" a una infección en el cuerpo.\nLos bebés nacidos de madres infectadas con clamidia pueden contraer infecciones a los ojos y neumonía. También puede ser más probable que el bebé nazca antes de tiempo.\nLa clamidia no tratada también puede aumentar sus probabilidades de contraer o transmitir el VIH.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la clamidia?\nLa infección se cura con antibióticos. Es posible obtenerlos en una sola dosis, o puede que tenga que tomar medicamentos durante 7 días. Es importante que tome todos los medicamentos que su profesional de la salud le recetó. Los antibióticos no curarán cualquier daño permanente que haya causado la enfermedad.\nPara evitar infectar a su pareja, usted no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta que la infección haya terminado. Si recibió una dosis única de antibióticos, debe esperar siete días después de tomar la medicina para volver a tener relaciones sexuales. Si usted debe tomar medicamentos por siete días, no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta haber terminado el tratamiento.\nEs común volver a contraer la infección, por lo que necesita hacerse la prueba de nuevo unos tres meses después de finalizar el tratamiento.\n¿Cómo se puede prevenir la clamidia?\nLa única forma segura de prevenir la clamidia es no tener sexo vaginal, anal u oral.\nEl uso correcto de los condones de látex reduce en gran medida, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la clamidia. Si su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0022","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"trichomoniasis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/trichomoniasis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A59","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1A92","display":"Trichomoniasis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1220564554","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1220564554"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Trichomoniasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Trichomoniasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tricomoniasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trichomoniază","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء المشعرات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trichomoniáza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Trichomoniasis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τριχομονάδωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trichomonase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ट्राइकोमोनिएसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trichomoniasis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tricomoniasi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"トリコモナス症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"트리코모나스증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rzęsistkowica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tricomoníase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трихомониаз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trichomoniáza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trikomoniyaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Трихомоніаз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"滴虫病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Trich"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Trichomoniasis","text":"Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite. It spreads from person to person during sex. Many people do not have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually happen within 5 to 28 days after being infected.\nIt can cause vaginitis in women. Symptoms include:\n• Yellow-green or gray discharge from the vagina\n• Discomfort during sex\n• Vaginal odor\n• Painful urination\n• Itching burning, and soreness of the vagina and vulva\nMost men do not have symptoms. If they do, they may have:\n• Itching or irritation inside the penis\n• Burning after urination or ejaculation\n• Discharge from the penis\nTrichomoniasis can increase the risk of getting or spreading other sexually transmitted infections. Pregnant women with trichomoniasis are more likely to give birth too early, and their babies are more likely have a low birth weight.\nLab tests can tell if you have the infection. Treatment is with antibiotics. If you are infected, you and your partner must be treated.\nCorrect usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading trichomoniasis. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tricomoniasis","text":"La tricomoniasis es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) causada por un parásito. Se contagia de persona a persona a través de relaciones sexuales. Muchas personas no muestran síntomas. Si presenta síntomas, aparecen entre 5 y 28 días después de la infección.\nPuede causar vaginitis en las mujeres. Los síntomas incluyen:\n• Secreción vaginal verdosa o amarillenta\n• Molestia durante las relaciones sexuales\n• Olor vaginal\n• Dolor al orinar\n• Comezón, ardor y dolor en la vagina y la vulva\nLa mayoría de los hombres no presenta síntomas. Si los tienen, pueden presentar:\n• Comezón o irritación dentro del pene\n• Ardor después de orinar o eyacular\n• Secreción del pene\nLa tricomoniasis puede aumentar el riesgo de contraer o propagar otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Las mujeres embarazadas con tricomoniasis tienen más probabilidades de dar a luz en forma prematura, y es más probable que sus bebés tengan bajo peso al nacer.\nLas pruebas de laboratorio pueden indicar si usted tiene la infección. Se trata con antibióticos. Si está infectado, usted y su pareja deben someterse a tratamiento.\nEl uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la tricomoniasis. Si usted o su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0023","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"genital-herpes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/genital-herpes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A60","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Genital herpes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Herpes genital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الهربس التناسلي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Genitální herpes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Genitalherpes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Έρπης των γεννητικών οργάνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Herpes genital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Herpès génital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"जननांग हर्पीज़","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Genitális herpesz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Herpes genitale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"性器ヘルペス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"생식기 헤르페스","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Opryszczka narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Herpes genital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Генитальный герпес","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Genitálny herpes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Genital uçuk (genital herpes)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Генітальний герпес","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"生殖器疱疹","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Genital Herpes","text":"Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can cause sores on your genital or rectal area, buttocks, and thighs. You can get it from having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has it. The virus can spread even when sores are not present. Mothers can also infect their babies during childbirth.\nSymptoms of herpes are called outbreaks. You usually get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. The sores are blisters which break and become painful, and then heal. Sometimes people do not know they have herpes because they have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. The virus can be more serious in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.\nRepeat outbreaks are common, especially during the first year. Over time, you get them less often and the symptoms become milder. The virus stays in your body for life.\nThere are tests that can diagnose genital herpes. There is no cure. However, medicines can help lessen symptoms, decrease outbreaks, and lower the risk of passing the virus to others. Correct usage of latex condoms can reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading herpes. If you or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Herpes genital","text":"El herpes genital es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) causada por el virus del herpes simple. Puede causar llagas en el área genital o rectal, nalgas y muslos. Puede contagiarse al tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, anales u orales con alguien que lo tenga. El virus puede contagiarse aún cuando las llagas no están presentes. Las madres pueden infectar a sus bebés durante el parto.\nA los síntomas se les llaman comúnmente brotes. En general, las llagas aparecen usualmente cerca del área donde el virus ingresó al cuerpo. Las llagas son ampollas que se rompen y se vuelven dolorosas, para luego sanar. A veces, las personas no saben que tienen herpes porque no presentan síntomas o éstos son muy leves. El virus puede ser más grave en recién nacidos o en personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado.\nLa repetición de los brotes es común, en especial durante el primer año. Con el tiempo los síntomas aparecen con menor frecuencia y son más leves. El virus permanece en su cuerpo para siempre.\nExisten exámenes que pueden diagnosticar el herpes genital. No existe cura. Sin embargo, las medicinas pueden ayudar a disminuir los síntomas, reducir los brotes y bajar el riesgo de contagio a otras personas. El uso correcto de condones de látex puede reducir, pero no eliminar, el riesgo de contraer o contagiar el herpes. Si su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede ayudar usar un condón de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0024","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"q-fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/q-fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A78","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C33","display":"Q fever","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2113860626","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2113860626"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Q fever","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Febra Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حمى كيو","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Q horečka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Q-Fieber","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πυρετός Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fièvre Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"क्यू बुखार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Q-láz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"Q熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"Q열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gorączka Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre Q","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лихорадка Ку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Q horúčka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Q ateşi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гарячка Ку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"Q热","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0025","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"polio-acute-poliomyelitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/polio-acute-poliomyelitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A80","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C81","display":"Acute poliomyelitis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/588527933","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#588527933"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acute poliomyelitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Polio (acute poliomyelitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Poliomielită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"شلل الأطفال الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní poliomyelitida (dětská obrna)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Poliomyelitis (Kinderlähmung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία πολιομυελίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Poliomielitis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Poliomyélite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पोलियो (तीव्र पोलियोमाइलाइटिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut gyermekbénulás (polio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Poliomielite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性灰白髄炎（ポリオ）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 회색질척수염(소아마비)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre nagminne porażenie dziecięce (polio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Poliomielite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый полиомиелит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútna poliomyelitída (detská obrna)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut çocuk felci (poliomiyelit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий поліомієліт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性脊髓灰质炎（小儿麻痹症）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome","text":"What is polio?\nPolio, or poliomyelitis, is a disease that spreads from person to person. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus attacks the nervous system. In serious cases, it can cause paralysis (where you can't move parts of the body). The paralysis may be lifelong and can sometimes be life-threatening.\nBecause of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States. But polio does occur in some parts of the world, and travelers can spread the virus.\nHow does polio spread?\nThe poliovirus is very contagious. It spreads through contact with:\n• The stool (poop) of person who has the infection\n• Droplets from a sneeze or cough of someone who has the infection\nThis contact can happen if:\n• You get contaminated stool or droplets on your hands and then touch your mouth\n• A child puts contaminated toys or other objects into their mouth\n• You share food or utensils with someone who has the infection\nPeople who have the infection can spread it to others just before and up to several weeks after the symptoms appear. People who don't have symptoms can still spread the virus to others and make them sick.\nWho is more likely to develop polio?\nPolio mainly affects children under age 5. But people of any age (including adults) who are unvaccinated are at risk of developing polio. People who live in or travel to areas where there is polio are more likely to get polio.\nWhat are the symptoms of polio?\nMost people who get infected with poliovirus do not have any symptoms. But one out of four people who get polio will have flu-like symptoms. These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days, and they include:\n• Sore throat\n• Fever\n• Fatigue\n• Nausea\n• Headache\n• Stomach pain\nIn rare cases, polio can be very serious. It can lead to:\n• Meningitis, an infection of the covering of your spinal cord and/or brain.\n• Weakness or paralysis in your arms, legs, or both. This paralysis or weakness can last a lifetime. It is possible for the paralysis to become life-threatening if it affects the muscles that you use to breathe.\n• Post-polio syndrome (PPS), which happens later in life.\nWhat is post-polio syndrome (PPS)?\nPost-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious.\nPeople who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include:\n• Muscle weakness\n• Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles)\n• Loss of muscle function\n• Mental and physical fatigue\n• Joint pain\n• Curving of the spine (scoliosis)\nPPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life.\nHow is polio diagnosed?\nIf you think you or someone in your family has symptoms of polio, call your healthcare provider right away or go to an emergency room.\nTo find out if you or your child has polio, the provider:\n• Will do a physical exam.\n• Will take a detailed medical history, including your vaccination history and history of any recent travel.\n• Will collect samples of body fluids, such as stool, saliva, blood, urine, and spinal fluid. Poliovirus is most likely to be detected in stool specimens.\n• May do an MRI to look at pictures of the spinal cord.\nWhat are the treatments for polio and post-polio syndrome (PPS)?\nThere is no cure or specific treatment for polio. For a mild case, getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids may help with some of the symptoms.\nIf the polio is more serious, you or your child may need:\n• Physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. The earlier therapy is started, the better.\n• Pain relievers to help with pain and treat fever. If your child is sick, do not give them aspirin unless their provider tells you to.\n• A ventilator to help with breathing if the breathing muscles are weak or paralyzed.\nThere is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include:\n• Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you.\n• Mobility aids.\n• Ventilation equipment.\n• Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.\nCan polio be prevented?\nThere are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio:\n• Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on how old you are. Since 2000, this has been the only polio vaccine used in the United States.\n• Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is given as drops in the mouth. It is still used throughout much of the world.\nChildren in the United States get four doses of PV as part of their routine childhood immunizations. Most adults in the United States were vaccinated against polio as children.\nThere is a one-time IPV booster. It may be given to adults who have completed their polio vaccinations but are at higher risk of contact with poliovirus. You may be at higher risk if you are:\n• Traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater\n• Working in a laboratory or healthcare setting and handling samples that might contain polioviruses\n• A healthcare worker who has contact with patients who could have polio\nAnother way to help prevent the spread of polio is to wash your hands often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers will not kill poliovirus.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Polio y síndrome de post-polio","text":"¿Qué es la poliomielitis?\nLa poliomielitis, o polio, es una enfermedad que se transmite de persona a persona. Es causada por el poliovirus. Este virus ataca el sistema nervioso. En casos graves, puede causar parálisis (no es posible mover partes del cuerpo). La parálisis puede durar toda la vida y, en ocasiones, poner en riesgo la vida.\nGracias a las vacunas, la poliomielitis es rara en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, ocurre en algunas partes del mundo y los viajeros pueden propagar el virus.\n¿Cómo se propaga la poliomielitis?\nEl poliovirus es muy contagioso. Se propaga a través del contacto con:\n• Heces de la persona con la infección\n• Gotas de un estornudo o tos de alguien con la infección\nEste contacto puede ocurrir si:\n• Tiene heces o gotitas contaminadas en sus manos y luego se toca la boca\n• Un niño se lleva a la boca juguetes u otros objetos contaminados\n• Comparte alimentos o utensilios con alguien que tiene la infección\nLas personas que tienen la infección pueden transmitirla a otros justo antes y hasta varias semanas después de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas sin síntomas aún pueden transmitir el virus a otros y enfermarlos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener polio?\nLa poliomielitis afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años. Pero personas de cualquier edad (incluidos los adultos) que no están vacunadas corren el riesgo de contraerla. Las personas que viven o viajan a áreas donde hay polio tienen más probabilidades de contraerla.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la poliomielitis?\nLa mayoría de las personas que se infectan con el poliovirus no presentan síntomas. Pero 1 de cada 4 personas que contraen polio tendrá síntomas similares a los de la gripe. Estos síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 5 días e incluyen:\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Fiebre\n• Fatiga\n• Náuseas\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Dolor de estómago\nEn casos raros, la poliomielitis puede ser muy grave. Puede causar:\n• Meningitis: Infección de la cubierta de su médula espinal y/o cerebro\n• Debilidad o parálisis en sus brazos, piernas o ambos: Esta parálisis o debilidad puede durar toda la vida. Es posible que se convierta en una amenaza para la vida si afecta los músculos que usa para respirar\n• Síndrome pospolio: Ocurre más adelante en la vida\n¿Qué es el síndrome post-polio?\nEl síndrome post-polio (SPP) es un problema que afecta a los sobrevivientes de polio muchos años después de que se recuperaron de la afección. Suele ocurrir 15-40 años después. No es contagioso.\nLas personas que contraen síndrome post-polio comienzan a tener un nuevo debilitamiento en los músculos que anteriormente se vieron afectados por la infección de polio. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:\n• Debilidad muscular\n• Atrofia muscular (desgaste de los músculos)\n• Pérdida de la función muscular\n• Fatiga mental y física\n• Dolor en las articulaciones\n• Curvatura de la columna (escoliosis)\nEl síndrome post-polio rara vez puede ser mortal, pero los síntomas pueden interferir con su vida diaria.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la poliomielitis?\nSi cree que usted o alguien de su familia tiene síntomas de polio, llame a su profesional de la salud de inmediato o vaya a la sala de emergencias.\nPara saber si usted o su hijo tienen polio, el profesional de la salud puede:\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Detallar su historia clínica, incluyendo el historial de vacunación y de cualquier viaje reciente\n• Recolectar muestras de fluidos corporales, como heces, saliva, sangre, orina y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Es más probable que el poliovirus se detecte en muestras de heces\n• Hacer una resonancia magnética para observar imágenes de la médula espinal\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la polio y el síndrome post-polio?\nNo hay cura ni tratamiento específico para la poliomielitis. Para un caso leve, descansar y beber muchos líquidos puede ayudar con algunos de los síntomas.\nSi la poliomielitis es más grave, es posible que usted o su hijo necesiten:\n• Terapia física u ocupacional para ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Cuanto antes se inicie la terapia, mejor\n• Analgésicos para aliviar el dolor y tratar la fiebre. Si su hijo está enfermo, no le dé aspirina a menos que su proveedor se lo indique\n• Un ventilador para ayudar con la respiración si los músculos respiratorios están débiles o paralizados\nNo hay cura para el síndrome post-polio. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas, incluyendo:\n• Ejercicios sin fatiga (ejercicios que no causan dolor o fatiga que dure más de 10 minutos): Pueden mejorar la fuerza muscular y reducir el cansancio. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudar a determinar qué ejercicios son mejores para usted\n• Asistencia para la movilidad\n• Equipos de ventilación\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como seguir una dieta saludable, dormir lo suficiente y no fumar\n¿Se puede prevenir la poliomielitis?\nHay dos tipos de vacunas que pueden prevenir la poliomielitis:\n• Vacuna de poliovirus inactivado: Se aplica como inyección en la pierna o el brazo, según la edad que tenga. Desde el año 2000, esta ha sido la única vacuna contra la poliomielitis utilizada en los EE. UU.\n• Vacuna oral contra el poliovirus: Se administra en forma de gotas en la boca. Todavía se usa en gran parte del mundo\nLos niños en los EE. UU. reciben cuatro dosis de vacunas contra la polio como parte de su inmunización infantil de rutina. La mayoría de los adultos en los Estados Unidos fueron vacunados contra la poliomielitis cuando eran niños.\nHay un refuerzo de dosis única de vacuna de poliovirus inactivado. Se puede administrar a adultos que han completado sus vacunas contra la poliomielitis pero que tienen un mayor riesgo de contacto con el poliovirus. Puede tener un mayor riesgo si:\n• Viaja a un país donde el riesgo de contraer polio es mayor\n• Trabaja en un laboratorio o entorno de atención médica y manipula muestras que podrían contener poliovirus\n• Es un trabajador de la salud que tiene contacto con pacientes que podrían tener polio\nOtra forma de ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la poliomielitis es lavarse las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no matan el poliovirus.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0026","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rabies","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rabies","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"A82","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1C82","display":"Rabies","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/854762584","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#854762584"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rabies","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rabies","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rabia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rabie (turbare)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء الكلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vzteklina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tollwut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λύσσα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rage","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रेबीज़","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Veszettség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rabbia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"狂犬病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"광견병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wścieklizna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Raiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бешенство","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Besnota","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kuduz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сказ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"狂犬病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hydrophobia"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Rabies","text":"Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. It can happen in wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. People get it from the bite of an infected animal.\nIn people, symptoms of rabies include fever, headache and fatigue, then confusion, hallucinations and paralysis. Once the symptoms begin, the disease is usually fatal. A series of shots can prevent rabies in people exposed to the virus. You need to get them right away. If an animal bites you, wash the wound well; then get medical care.\nTo help prevent rabies:\n• Vaccinate your pet. Rabies vaccines are available for dogs, cats and farm animals\n• Don't let pets roam\n• Don't approach stray animals. Animals with rabies might be aggressive and vicious, or tired and weak\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Rabia","text":"La rabia es una enfermedad animal mortal causada por un virus. Puede ocurrir entre los animales salvajes, incluyendo mapaches, zorrinos, murciélagos y zorros o en perros, gatos o animales de granja. Las personas la adquieren por la mordedura de un animal infectado.\nEn las personas, los síntomas de la rabia incluyen fiebre, dolor de cabeza y fatiga, después confusión, alucinaciones y parálisis. Una vez que los síntomas comienzan, la enfermedad suele ser mortal. Una serie de vacunas puede prevenir la rabia en las personas expuestas al virus. Debe recibirlas de inmediato. Si un animal lo muerde, lávese bien la herida y luego busque atención médica.\nPara ayudar a prevenir la rabia:\n• Vacune a sus mascotas. Las vacunas contra la rabia se encuentran disponibles para perros, gatos y animales de granja\n• No permita que merodeen las mascotas sin su vigilancia\n• No se acerque a animales desconocidos. Los animales con rabia pueden ser agresivos y feroces o estar cansados y débiles\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0027","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"herpes-simplex","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/herpes-simplex","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B00","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1F00.Z","display":"Herpes simplex infections, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/248851702/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#248851702/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Herpes Simplex","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simple","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الهربس البسيط","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herpes-simplex-Infektion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοίμωξη από έρπητα (απλός έρπης)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Herpès (infection à herpès simplex)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हर्पीज़ सिम्प्लेक्स संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simplex fertőzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"単純ヘルペス感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"단순포진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Opryszczka (zakażenie wirusem herpes simplex)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simples","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Простой герпес","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Herpes simplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Uçuk (herpes simpleks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Простий герпес","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"单纯疱疹","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"HSV"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Herpes Simplex","text":"Herpes is an infection that is caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes causes cold sores around the mouth or face. Genital herpes affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. Other herpes infections can affect the eyes, skin, or other parts of the body. The virus can be dangerous in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.\nThere are two types of HSV:\n• HSV type 1 most commonly causes cold sores. It can also cause genital herpes.\n• HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth.\nHSV spreads through direct contact. Some people have no symptoms. Others get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. They turn into blisters, become itchy and painful, and then heal.\nMost people have outbreaks several times a year. Over time, you get them less often. Medicines to help your body fight the virus can help lessen symptoms and decrease outbreaks.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Herpes simple","text":"El herpes es una infección causada por un virus herpes simple (VHS). El herpes bucal provoca llagas alrededor de la boca o en el rostro. El herpes genital es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS). Puede afectar los genitales, las nalgas o el área del ano. Otras infecciones por herpes pueden afectar los ojos, la piel u otras partes del cuerpo. El virus puede ser peligroso en recién nacidos o en personas con sistemas inmunes debilitados.\nExisten dos tipos de herpes simple:\n• El herpes simple tipo 1 frecuentemente causa llagas labiales. También puede causar herpes genital.\n• El herpes simple tipo 2 frecuentemente es el que causa el herpes genital, pero también puede afectar la boca.\nEl herpes simple se contagia por contacto directo. Algunas personas no tienen síntomas. Otras presentan llagas cerca del área por la cual penetró el virus al cuerpo. Éstas se convierten en ampollas que causan picazón y dolor y posteriormente se curan.\nLa mayoría de las personas tiene brotes varias veces al año. Con el transcurso del tiempo, los brotes se hacen menos frecuentes. Los medicamentos que ayudan al cuerpo a combatir el virus pueden ayudar a mejorar los síntomas y disminuir los brotes.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0028","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chickenpox","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chickenpox","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B01","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E90.Z","display":"Varicella, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1805574500/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1805574500/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chickenpox","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Varicela","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Varicelă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"جدري الماء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Plané neštovice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Windpocken","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεμευλογιά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Varicelle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चिकनपॉक्स (छोटी माता)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bárányhimlő","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Varicella","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"水痘（水ぼうそう）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"수두","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ospa wietrzna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Varicela (catapora)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ветряная оспа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ovčie kiahne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Su çiçeği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вітряна віспа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"水痘","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Varicella"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chickenpox","text":"Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Most cases are in children under age 15, but older children and adults can get it. It spreads very easily from one person to another.\nThe classic symptom of chickenpox is an uncomfortable, itchy rash. The rash turns into fluid-filled blisters and eventually into scabs. It usually shows up on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms include:\n• Fever\n• Headache\n• Tiredness\n• Loss of appetite\nChickenpox is usually mild and lasts 5 to 10 days. Calamine lotions and oatmeal baths can help with itching. Acetaminophen can treat the fever. Do not use aspirin for chickenpox; that combination can cause Reye syndrome.\nChickenpox can sometimes cause serious problems. Adults, babies, teenagers, pregnant women, and those with weak immune systems tend to get sicker from it. They may need to take antiviral medicines.\nOnce you catch chickenpox, the virus usually stays in your body. You probably will not get chickenpox again, but the virus can cause shingles in adults. A chickenpox vaccine can help prevent most cases of chickenpox, or make it less severe if you do get it.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Varicela","text":"La varicela es una infección causada por el virus de la varicela zoster. La mayoría de los casos se da en niños menores de 15 años de edad, pero también puede observarse en niños más grandes y adultos. Se disemina muy fácilmente de una persona a otra.\nEl síntoma más típico de esta enfermedad es una molesta erupción en la piel que causa picazón. Esta erupción, se transforma en ampollas con líquido que luego forman costras. Generalmente, aparece en la cara, pecho, espalda y luego se extiende al resto del cuerpo. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Cansancio\n• Falta de apetito\nLa enfermedad suele ser leve y dura de 5 a 10 días. Las cremas y lociones con calamina y baños de avena pueden ayudar con la picazón. El acetaminofén puede ayudar a tratar la fiebre. No tome aspirina. La combinación de este medicamento con la varicela puede causar el síndrome de Reye.\nAlgunas veces, la varicela, causa problemas serios. Los adultos, bebés, adolescentes, embarazadas y aquellos con sistemas inmunes debilitados suelen padecer casos más graves. Quizás necesiten tomar medicamentos antivirales.\nGeneralmente, una vez que se adquiere varicela, el virus permanece en el cuerpo aún después de haber sanado. Probablemente no tendrá varicela otra vez, pero el virus puede causar culebrilla en los adultos. Una vacuna contra la varicela puede ayudar a prevenir la mayoría de los casos o hacerlos menos severos.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0029","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"shingles","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/shingles","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B02","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Shingles","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Culebrilla (herpes zóster)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Zona zoster","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الهربس النطاقي (الحزام الناري)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pásový opar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gürtelrose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Έρπης ζωστήρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Zona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दाद (हर्पीज़ ज़ोस्टर)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Övsömör","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fuoco di Sant'Antonio (herpes zoster)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"帯状疱疹","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"대상포진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Półpasiec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Zona (herpes-zóster)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Опоясывающий лишай","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pásový opar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zona (herpes zoster)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Оперізувальний лишай","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"带状疱疹","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Herpes zoster"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Shingles","text":"What is shingles?\nShingles (herpes zoster) is an infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This is the same virus that causes chickenpox. After you have chickenpox, the virus stays in your body. It may not cause problems for many years. But as you get older, the virus may become active again and cause shingles.\nIs shingles contagious?\nShingles is not contagious. You cannot get shingles from someone else. But you can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have direct contact with fluid from their shingles rash.\nThe risk of spreading the virus is low if the shingles rash is kept covered. People with shingles cannot spread the virus before their rash blisters appear or after the rash crusts.\nWho is at risk for shingles?\nAnyone who has had chickenpox can get shingles. But the risk of shingles goes up as you get older. Shingles is most common in people over age 50.\nPeople with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of getting shingles. This includes those who:\n• Have immune system diseases such as HIV\n• Have certain cancers\n• Take medicines that weaken their immune system, such as steroids and medicines you take after an organ transplant\nYour immune system may be weaker when you have an infection or are stressed. This can raise your risk of shingles.\nIt is rare, but possible, to get shingles more than once.\nWhat are the symptoms of shingles?\nEarly signs of shingles include burning or shooting pain and tingling or itching. It is usually on one side of the body or face. The pain can be mild to severe.\nUp to several days later, you will get a rash. It consists of blisters that typically scab over in 7 to 10 days. The rash is usually a single stripe around either the left or the right side of the body. In other cases, the rash is only on one side of the face. In rare cases (usually among people with weakened immune systems), the rash may be more widespread. It might look similar to a chickenpox rash.\nSome people may also have other symptoms:\n• Fever\n• Headache\n• Chills\n• Upset stomach\nWhat other problems can shingles cause?\nShingles can cause other problems (complications):\n• Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of shingles. It causes severe pain in the areas where you had the shingles rash. It usually gets better in a few weeks or months. But some people can have pain from PHN for many years, and it can interfere with daily life.\n• Vision loss can happen if shingles affects your eye. It may be temporary or permanent.\n• Hearing or balance problems are possible if you have shingles within or near your ear. You may also have weakness of the muscles on that side of your face. These problems can be temporary or permanent.\nVery rarely, shingles can also lead to pneumonia, brain inflammation (encephalitis), or death.\nHow is shingles diagnosed?\nUsually your health care provider can diagnose shingles by taking your medical history and looking at your rash. In some cases, your provider may scrape off tissue from the rash or swab some fluid from the blisters and send the sample to a lab for testing.\nWhat are the treatments for shingles?\nThere is no cure for shingles. Antiviral medicines may help to make the attack shorter and less severe. They may also help prevent PHN. The medicines are most effective if you can take them within 3 days after the rash appears. So if you think you might have shingles, contact your provider as soon as possible.\nPain relievers may also help with the pain. A cool washcloth, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths may help relieve some of the itching.\nCan shingles be prevented?\nThere is a vaccine, called Shingrix, to help prevent shingles and its complications. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that healthy adults 50 years and older get the vaccine. Your provider might also recommend the vaccine if you are over 19 and have a weakened immune system. The vaccine is given in two doses.\nIf you have shingles, you can help prevent spreading the virus to others by:\n• Staying away from:\n• People with weakened immune systems\n• People who have not had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine, especially if they are pregnant\n• Premature or low birth weight babies\n• Keeping the rash covered\n• Not touching or scratching the rash\n• Washing your hands often\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Culebrilla (herpes zóster)","text":"¿Qué es la culebrilla?\nLa culebrilla o herpes zóster es una infección que causa una dolorosa erupción. Es causada por el virus de la varicela-zoster, el mismo que causa la varicela. Después de tener varicela, el virus permanece en su cuerpo. Puede que no cause problemas por muchos años, pero a medida que envejece, el virus puede volver a activarse y causar culebrilla.\n¿Es contagiosa la culebrilla?\nLa culebrilla no es contagiosa. Usted no puede contagiarse de otra persona. Pero puede contraer la varicela de alguien con culebrilla si tiene contacto directo con el líquido de la erupción de la culebrilla.\nEl riesgo de propagar el virus es bajo si la erupción de la culebrilla se mantiene cubierta. Las personas con culebrilla no pueden propagar el virus antes de que aparezcan las ampollas del sarpullido o después de que se formen costras.\n¿Quién es más propenso a contraer culebrilla?\nCualquier persona que haya tenido varicela corre el riesgo de padecer culebrilla. Pero este riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La culebrilla es más común en personas mayores de 50 años.\nLas personas con sistemas inmunitarios débiles tienen un mayor riesgo de tener culebrilla. Esto incluye a aquellos que:\n• Tienen enfermedades del sistema inmunitario como el VIH\n• Tienen ciertos tipos de cáncer\n• Toma medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario, como corticoides y medicamentos que toma después de un trasplante de órganos\nSu sistema inmunitario puede estar debilitado cuando tiene una infección o está estresado. Esto puede aumentar su riesgo de culebrilla.\nEs raro tener culebrilla más de una vez, pero puede ocurrir.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la culebrilla?\nLos primeros signos de culebrilla incluyen ardor o dolor punzante y hormigueo o picazón. En general, se presenta a un lado del cuerpo o la cara. El dolor puede ser de leve a severo.\nAlgunos días después, tendrá una erupción. Esta consiste en ampollas que generalmente duran entre 7 y 10 días. El sarpullido suele presentarse en una sola banda alrededor del lado izquierdo o derecho del cuerpo. En otros casos, la erupción aparece en un solo lado de la cara. En raras ocasiones, por lo general en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, la erupción puede estar más extendida. Puede parecerse a una erupción de varicela.\nAlgunas personas también pueden presentar otros síntomas, como:\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Escalofríos\n• Dolor abdominal\n¿Qué otros problemas causa la culebrilla?\nLa culebrilla puede causar otros problemas (complicaciones):\n• Neuralgia posherpética: Es la complicación más común de la culebrilla. Causa dolor intenso en las áreas donde tuvo la erupción de culebrilla. En general, mejora en unas pocas semanas o meses. Pero algunas personas pueden tener dolor por neuralgia posherpética durante muchos años y puede interferir con la vida diaria\n• Si la culebrilla afecta sus ojos puede tener pérdida de la visión. Puede ser temporal o permanente\n• Problemas de audición o equilibrio: Son posibles si tiene culebrilla dentro o cerca de su oído. También puede tener debilidad de los músculos en ese lado de la cara. Estos problemas pueden ser temporales o permanentes\nEn muy raras ocasiones, la culebrilla también puede causar neumonía, inflamación del cerebro (encefalitis) o la muerte.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la culebrilla?\nEn general, su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la culebrilla viendo su historia clínica y observando la erupción. En algunos casos, puede sacar una muestra del tejido de la erupción o del líquido de las ampollas y enviarla a un laboratorio para su análisis.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la culebrilla?\nNo existe una cura para la culebrilla. Los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar a que el brote sea más corto y menos severo. También pueden ayudar a prevenir la neuralgia postherpética. Los medicamentos son más efectivos si puede tomarlos dentro de los tres días posteriores a la aparición de la erupción. Por ello, si cree que podría tener culebrilla, hable con su proveedor de atención médica lo antes posible.\nLos analgésicos también pueden ayudar con el dolor. Una toalla fría, loción de calamina y baños de avena pueden ayudar a aliviar parte de la picazón.\n¿Se puede prevenir la culebrilla?\nUna vacuna, llamada Shingrix, ayuda a prevenir la culebrilla y sus complicaciones. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades recomiendan que los adultos sanos mayores de 50 años se vacunen. Su profesional de la salud también podría recomendarle la vacuna si tiene más de 19 años y tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado. La vacuna se administra en dos dosis.\nSi tiene culebrilla, puede ayudar a prevenir la propagación del virus a otras personas al:\n• Mantenerse alejado de:\n• Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados\n• Personas que no hayan tenido varicela o que no hayan recibido la vacuna contra la varicela, especialmente si están embarazadas\n• Bebés prematuros o de bajo peso al nacer\n• Mantener la erupción cubierta\n• No tocar ni rascarse la erupción\n• Lavarse las manos con frecuencia\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0030","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"smallpox","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/smallpox","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B03","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E70","display":"Smallpox","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2054716425","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2054716425"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Smallpox","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Smallpox","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Viruela","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Variolă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الجدري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pravé neštovice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pocken","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ευλογιά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Variole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चेचक","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Himlő","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vaiolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"天然痘","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"천연두","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ospa prawdziwa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Varíola","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Натуральная оспа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pravé kiahne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çiçek hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Натуральна віспа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"天花","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Smallpox","text":"Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other infectious diseases combined. Worldwide vaccination stopped the spread of smallpox three decades ago. The last case was reported in 1977. Two research labs still keep small amounts of the virus. Experts fear bioterrorists could use the virus to spread disease.\nSmallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like. They include:\n• High fever\n• Fatigue\n• Headache\n• Backache\n• A rash with flat red sores\nThere is no treatment. Fluids and medicines for pain or fever can help control symptoms. Most people recover, but some can die. Those who do recover may have severe scars.\nThe U.S. stopped routine smallpox vaccinations in 1972. Military and other high-risk groups continue to get the vaccine. The U.S. has increased its supply of the vaccine in recent years. The vaccine makes some people sick, so doctors save it for those at highest risk of disease.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Viruela","text":"La viruela es una enfermedad causada por el virus Variola mayor. Algunos especialistas dicen que a lo largo de los siglos mató a más personas que todas las otras enfermedades infecciosas juntas. La vacunación en todo el mundo detuvo la diseminación de la viruela hace tres décadas. El último caso se reportó en 1977. Dos laboratorios de investigación aún guardan pequeñas cantidades del virus. Los especialistas temen que los bioterroristas puedan utilizar el virus para diseminar la enfermedad.\nLa viruela se disemina fácilmente de una persona a otra. Los síntomas se parecen a los de la gripe e incluyen:\n• Fiebre alta\n• Fatiga\n• Dolores de cabeza\n• Dolor de espalda\n• Una erupción en la piel con llagas rojas y planas\nNo existe tratamiento. Líquidos y medicinas para el dolor o la fiebre pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. La mayoría de las personas se recupera, pero algunas pueden morir. Aquellos que se recuperan pueden terminar con cicatrices severas.\nEstados Unidos interrumpió la vacunación de rutina contra la viruela en 1972. Los militares y otros grupos de alto riesgo continúan vacunándose. Estados Unidos ha aumentado el suministro de la vacuna en años recientes. La vacuna hace que algunas personas se sientan enfermas, por ello los médicos las reservan para aquellos con mayor riesgo de contagio.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0323","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Smallpox — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0031","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mpox","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mpox","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B04","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mpox","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mpox","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (variola maimuței)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"جدري القردة (إمبوكس)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (opičí neštovice)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (Affenpocken)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (ευλογιά των πιθήκων)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (variole du singe)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एमपॉक्स (मंकीपॉक्स)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (majomhimlő)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (vaiolo delle scimmie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"エムポックス（サル痘）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"엠폭스(원숭이두창)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (ospa małpia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (varíola dos macacos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Оспа обезьян (mpox)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (opičie kiahne)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mpox (maymun çiçeği)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Віспа мавп (mpox)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"猴痘（mpox）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mpox","text":"What is mpox?\nMpox, which used to be called monkeypox, is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus. This virus is in the same family of viruses as the smallpox virus.\nMpox can be spread between animals and people, but it's mainly spread through close contact with someone who has it. It is found regularly in parts of Central, Eastern and West Africa. The virus that causes it has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals that live in these areas.\nSome outbreaks of mpox have affected people in many countries around the world, including the United States.\nWhat are the types of monkeypox viruses?\nThere are two types of monkeypox viruses:\n• Clade I is regularly found in Central and Eastern Africa. It causes more severe illness and deaths than clade II.\n• Clade II is regularly found in West Africa. Infections from clade II are less severe. Most people who get this type will survive. This type is the cause of the global mpox outbreak that peaked in 2022 but has continued to decrease.\nHow does mpox spread?\nMpox spreads in different ways:\n• Through close, personal contact with someone who has the virus:\n• Through direct contact with their rash, scabs, or body fluids\n• By breathing in the virus during prolonged, face-to-face contact\n• During intimate physical contact such as kissing, cuddling, hugging, massage or sex\n• During pregnancy, from the mother to the fetus.\n• From touching items (such as clothes, bedding, or towels) that were used by someone who has the virus\n• From infected animals:\n• By being scratched or bitten by the animal\n• By preparing or eating meat or using products from the animal\nSomeone who has mpox can spread it from the time their symptoms start until their rash has fully healed, all scabs have fallen off, and a fresh layer of skin has formed. This usually takes 2-4 weeks.\nResearchers have found that some people can spread mpox to others from 1 to 4 days before their symptoms appear. It is not known how often this happens.\nWhat are the symptoms of mpox?\nThe symptoms of mpox usually start within 3 weeks from the time you were exposed to the virus. The symptoms may include:\n• A rash with sores that can look like pimples or blisters. It could be on the face, inside the mouth, and on other parts of the body, like the hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus. It goes through different stages, including scabs, before healing. This can take 2-4 weeks.\n• Fever.\n• Chills.\n• Swollen lymph nodes (\"swollen glands\").\n• Exhaustion.\n• Headache.\n• Muscle aches and backache.\n• Respiratory symptoms, such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, or cough.\nYou may have all or only a few symptoms:\n• You may get a rash first, followed by other symptoms\n• You may have flu-like symptoms and then develop a rash 1-4 days later\n• You may only get a rash\nHow is mpox diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have mpox, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.\n• Will look at your rash.\n• Will take a sample of tissue from one of the sores so it can be tested for the monkeypox virus.\n• May do blood tests to check for monkeypox virus or for antibodies to the virus. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria.\nWhat are the treatments for mpox?\nThere are no treatments specifically for mpox, but many people get better on their own.\nSince mpox and smallpox are similar, antiviral medicines that treat smallpox may also help treat mpox. Antiviral medicines may be recommended for people have severe mpox or are at risk of severe mpox, for example because they:\n• Have immune system, for example from HIV or other conditions\n• Are pregnant\n• Are children, especially those under age 1\n• Have certain active skin conditions that can cause widespread infection, such as eczema, impetigo, or psoriasis\nIf you have mpox, it is recommended that you stay home from the time you have symptoms until your mpox rash has healed and a new layer of skin has formed. It would be best to stay in a separate room from your family members and pets if you can.\nCan mpox be prevented?\nJYNNEOS is a vaccine that can help prevent mpox (and smallpox). The vaccine is given in two doses 4 weeks apart. Getting both doses gives the best protection.\nThe vaccine is recommended for people who are at risk of mpox, for example because they:\n• Had or think they could've had exposure to someone with mpox\n• Are a man who has sex with men, who in the last 6 months had:\n• One or more sexually transmitted infections (STIs)\n• More than one sexual partner\n• Sex at a commercial sex venue (like a sex club or bathhouse)\n• Sex at a large public event where people had spread mpox\n• Had a sex partner who is at risk of mpox\n• Expect to be in any of these situations\n• Are at risk of exposure at work, for example at a lab or healthcare facility\n• Will be traveling to an area where there is an outbreak and, while there, will likely have sex:\n• With a new partner\n• At a commercial sex venue or large public event\n• In exchange for money or drugs\nCheck with your provider to see if the vaccine is recommended for you.\nThere are also other steps you can take to help prevent mpox:\n• Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with the mpox rash. So, while a person is sick with mpox:\n• Do not touch their rash or scabs\n• Do not kiss, hug, cuddle, or have sex with them\n• Avoid contact with items that were used by someone who has mpox:\n• Do not touch the bedding, towels, or clothing of a person who has mpox\n• Do not share eating utensils or cups with them\n• If you or someone you live with has mpox, clean and disinfect your home\n• Wash your hands often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after contact with sick people.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mpox.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mpox","text":"¿Qué es el mpox?\nEl mpox (antes conocido como viruela del simio, viruela del mono o viruela símica) es una enfermedad causada por el virus de la viruela símica. Pertenece a la misma familia de virus que el virus de la viruela.\nEl virus del mpox se puede transmitir entre animales y personas, pero principalmente se transmite a través del contacto cercano con alguien que lo tiene. Se encuentra regularmente en partes de África central, oriental y occidental. El virus que lo causa se ha encontrado en pequeños roedores, monos y otros mamíferos que viven en estas áreas.\nAlgunos brotes de mpox han afectado a personas en muchos países del mundo, incluyendo los Estados Unidos.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de virus del mpox?\nHay dos tipos de virus del mpox:\n• El \"clado I\" se encuentra con regularidad en África central y oriental. Causa enfermedades más graves y muertes que el otro tipo\n• El \"clado II\" se encuentra regularmente en África occidental. Las infecciones del clado II son menos graves. La mayoría de las personas que contraen este tipo sobreviven. Este tipo es la causa del brote mundial que alcanzó su punto máximo en 2022 pero que ha seguido disminuyendo\n¿Cómo se propaga el mpox?\nEl mpox se propaga de diferentes maneras:\n• A través de contacto cercano, personal, a menudo piel con piel con alguien que tiene el virus:\n• A través del contacto directo con un sarpullido, costras o fluidos corporales\n• Al inhalar el virus durante un prolongado contacto cara a cara\n• Durante un contacto físico íntimo, como besos, caricias, abrazos, masajes o relación sexual\n• Durante el embarazo, de la madre al feto.\n• Por tocar artículos (como ropa, ropa de cama o toallas) que usó una persona con el virus. El riesgo de contraer mpox de esta manera es bajo\n• De animales infectados:\n• Al ser arañado o mordido por un animal\n• Al preparar o comer carne o usar productos de un animal\nUna persona con mpox puede transmitirlo desde el momento en que comienzan los síntomas hasta que la erupción haya sanado por completo, todas las costras se hayan caído y se haya formado una nueva capa de piel. Esto suele tardar de dos a cuatro semanas.\nLos investigadores han encontrado que algunas personas pueden transmitir el mpox a otras de uno a cuatro días antes que los síntomas aparezcan. No se conoce con cuánta frecuencia sucede esto.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del mpox?\nUsualmente, los síntomas del mpox comienzan dentro de 3 semanas después de haber estado expuesto al virus. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Una erupción con llagas que pueden parecer granos o ampollas. Puede aparecer en la cara, dentro de la boca y en otras partes del cuerpo, como las manos, los pies, el pecho, los genitales o el ano. Pasa por diferentes etapas, incluyendo costras, antes de curarse. Esto puede tomar de dos a cuatro semanas\n• Fiebre\n• Escalofríos\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)\n• Agotamiento\n• Dolores musculares y de espalda\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)\n• Síntomas respiratorios, como dolor de garganta, congestión nasal o tos\nPuede tener todos o solo algunos síntomas:\n• Es posible que primero tenga un sarpullido, seguido de otros síntomas\n• Es posible que tenga síntomas similares a los de la gripe y luego desarrolle un sarpullido de 1 a 4 días después\n• Es posible que solo tenga un sarpullido\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el mpox?\nPara saber si tiene mpox, su profesional de la salud:\n• Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica\n• Examinará su sarpullido\n• Tomará una muestra de tejido de una de las llagas para analizarla en busca del virus de la viruela símica\n• Puede solicitar un análisis de sangre para comprobar si tiene el virus de la viruela símica o si tiene anticuerpos contra el virus. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que su sistema inmunitario produce para combatir sustancias extrañas, como virus y bacterias\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el mpox?\nNo existen tratamientos específicos para el mpox, pero muchas personas mejoran por sí solas.\nDado que el mpox y la viruela son similares, los medicamentos antivirales que tratan la viruela también pueden ayudar a tratar el mpox. Se pueden recomendar medicamentos antivirales para las personas con mpox grave o están en riesgo de tener mpox grave, por ejemplo, porque:\n• Tienen sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al VIH u otras afecciones\n• Están embarazadas\n• Son niños, especialmente los menores de un año\n• Tienen ciertas afecciones de la piel activas que pueden causar una infección generalizada, como eccema, impétigo o psoriasis\nSi tiene mpox, se recomienda que se quede en casa desde el momento en que presente los síntomas hasta que la erupción de mpox se haya curado y se haya formado una nueva capa de piel. Si es posible, es mejor que esté en una habitación separada de los miembros de su familia y las mascotas.\n¿Se puede prevenir el mpox?\nJYNNEOS es una vacuna que puede ayudar a prevenir mpox (y la viruela). La vacuna se administra en dos dosis con cuatro semanas de diferencia. Recibir ambas dosis brinda la mejor protección.\nLa vacuna se recomienda para personas que tienen riesgo de contraer mpox, por ejemplo, porque:\n• Tuvieron o creen que pueden haber tenido exposición a alguien con mpox\n• Son hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres, que en los últimos seis meses tuvieron:\n• Una o más infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)\n• Más de una pareja sexual\n• Sexo en un local de sexo comercial (como un club de sexo o un baño público)\n• Sexo en un evento público grande donde personas diseminaron mpox\n• Tuvieron una pareja sexual que tiene riesgo de contraer mpox\n• Esperan estar en alguna de estas situaciones\n• En en riesgo de exposición en el trabajo, por ejemplo, en un laboratorio o centro de atención médica\n• Viajará a una zona donde hay un brote y, mientras esté ahí, probablemente tendrá relaciones sexuales:\n• Con una nueva pareja\n• En un local de sexo comercial o en un gran evento público\n• A cambio de dinero o drogas\nConsulte con su profesional de la salud para ver si la vacuna es recomendable para usted.\nExisten pasos adicionales que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el mpox:\n• Evite el contacto cercano de piel con piel con la erupción del mpox. Por ello, si una persona está enferma de mpox:\n• No toque su sarpullido o costras\n• No les bese, abrace, no se acueste ni tenga relaciones sexuales con ellas\n• Evite el contacto con utensilios que hayan sido ocupados por alguien con mpox:\n• No comparta utensilios para comer ni tazas con ellos\n• No toque la ropa de cama, toallas o ropa de una persona que tenga mpox\n• Si usted o alguien con el que usted vive tiene mpox, limpie y desinfecte su hogar\n• Lávese las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón o use un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol, especialmente después del contacto con personas enfermas\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mpox.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0032","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"measles","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/measles","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B05","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Measles","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sarampión","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rujeolă (pojar)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحصبة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spalničky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Masern","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιλαρά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rougeole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खसरा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kanyaró","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Morbillo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"麻疹（はしか）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"홍역","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Odra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sarampo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Корь","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Osýpky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kızamık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кір","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"麻疹","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rubeola"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Measles","text":"Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to person. It causes a blotchy red rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body. Other symptoms include:\n• Fever\n• Cough\n• Runny nose\n• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)\n• Feeling achy and run down\n• Tiny white spots inside the mouth\nSometimes measles can lead to serious problems. There is no treatment for measles, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.\n\"German measles\", also known as rubella, is a completely different illness.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/measles.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sarampión","text":"El sarampión es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un virus. Se disemina fácilmente de persona a persona y causa una erupción en la piel de color roja con manchas. Esta erupción suele comenzar en la cabeza y descender al resto del cuerpo. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre\n• Tos\n• Moqueo nasal\n• Conjuntivitis\n• Sensación de dolor y malestar\n• Pequeñas manchas blancas dentro de la boca\nAlgunas veces, el sarampión puede conducir a problemas serios. No existe un tratamiento, pero la vacuna contra sarampión-paperas-rubéola (MMR) puede prevenirlo.\nEs posible que haya oído hablar sobre la rubéola, que es otra enfermedad que causa erupción y picazón pero que no está relacionada con el sarampión.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/measles.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0033","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rubella","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rubella","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B06","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rubella","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rubéola","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rubeolă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحصبة الألمانية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zarděnky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Röteln","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ερυθρά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rubéole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रूबेला (जर्मन खसरा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rubeola","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rosolia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"風疹","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"풍진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Różyczka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rubéola","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Краснуха","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ružienka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kızamıkçık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Краснуха","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"风疹","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"German measles"},{"lang":"en","text":"Three day measles"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Rubella","text":"Rubella is an infection caused by a virus. It is usually mild with fever and a rash. About half of the people who get rubella do not have symptoms. If you do get them, symptoms may include:\n• A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body\n• Mild fever\n• Aching joints, especially in young women\n• Swollen glands\nRubella is most dangerous for a pregnant woman's baby. It can cause miscarriage or birth defects.\nRubella spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People without symptoms can still spread it. There is no treatment, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Rubéola","text":"La rubéola es una infección causada por un virus. Generalmente, es leve y se presenta con fiebre y erupción aunque la mitad de las personas que la tienen no presentan síntomas. Pero si los tienen, estos pueden ser:\n• Erupción que comienza en la cara y se extiende al cuerpo\n• Poca fiebre\n• Dolor en las articulaciones, sobre todo en mujeres jóvenes\n• Ganglios inflamados\nLa rubéola sí es peligrosa durante el embarazo. Puede causar un aborto espontáneo o defectos de nacimiento.\nLa rubéola se contagia cuando una persona tose o estornuda. La gente que no presenta síntomas también puede contagiarla. No hay tratamiento, por lo tanto, lo mejor es prevenirla con la vacuna. En Estados Unidos, ésta se llama MMR que es una vacuna combinada para el sarampión, paperas y rubéola.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0034","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"warts","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/warts","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B07","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E80","display":"Common warts","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1074706780","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1074706780"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Warts","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Negi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الثآليل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bradavice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Warzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κρεατοελιές (μυρμηκίες)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Verrugas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Verrues","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्से","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szemölcsök","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Verruche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"いぼ（ウイルス性疣贅）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"사마귀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Brodawki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Verrugas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бородавки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bradavice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Siğiller","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бородавки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"病毒疣","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Warts","text":"Warts are growths on your skin caused by an infection with humanpapilloma virus, or HPV. Types of warts include :\n• Common warts, which often appear on your fingers\n• Plantar warts, which show up on the soles of your feet\n• Genital warts, which are a sexually transmitted infection (STI)\n• Flat warts, which appear in places you shave frequently\nIn children, warts often go away on their own. In adults, they tend to stay. If they hurt or bother you, or if they multiply, you can remove them. Chemical skin treatments usually work. If not, various freezing, surgical and laser treatments can remove warts.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Verrugas","text":"Las verrugas son crecimientos del tejido en la piel causados por una infección por el virus del papiloma humano o VPH. Los tipos de verrugas incluyen:\n• Verrugas comunes, que suelen aparecer en los dedos\n• Verrugas plantares, que aparecen en las plantas de los pies\n• Verrugas genitales, una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)\n• Verrugas planas, que aparecen en lugares donde se afeita con frecuencia\nEn los niños, las verrugas suelen desaparecer en forma espontánea. En los adultos, tienden a permanecer. Si duelen o molestan o si se multiplican, es posible eliminarlas. Los tratamientos químicos de la piel suelen funcionar. En caso contrario, hay varios tratamientos de congelamiento, cirugía y rayos láser que eliminan las verrugas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0035","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-viral-infections-with-skin-and-mucous-membrane-lesions","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-viral-infections-with-skin-and-mucous-membrane-lesions","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B08","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other viral infections with skin and mucous membrane lesions","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte infecții virale cu leziuni ale pielii și mucoaselor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عداوى فيروسية أخرى مع آفات الجلد والأغشية المخاطية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné virové infekce s lézemi kůže a sliznic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Virusinfektionen mit Haut- und Schleimhautläsionen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες ιογενείς λοιμώξεις με βλάβες δέρματος και βλεννογόνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras infecciones víricas con lesiones de piel y mucosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres infections virales avec lésions de la peau et des muqueuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा और श्लेष्म झिल्ली के घावों वाले अन्य वायरल संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb, bőr- és nyálkahártya-elváltozásokkal járó vírusfertőzések","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre infezioni virali con lesioni di cute e mucose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"皮膚・粘膜病変を伴うその他のウイルス感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"피부·점막 병변을 동반한 기타 바이러스 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zakażenia wirusowe ze zmianami skóry i błon śluzowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras infecções virais com lesões de pele e mucosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие вирусные инфекции с поражением кожи и слизистых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné vírusové infekcie s léziami kože a slizníc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Deri ve mukoza lezyonlu diğer viral enfeksiyonlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші вірусні інфекції з ураженням шкіри та слизових","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他伴皮肤黏膜损害的病毒感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Skin Infections","text":"What are skin infections?\nYour skin is your body's largest organ. It has many different functions, including covering and protecting your body. It helps keep germs out. But sometimes the germs can cause a skin infection. It often happens when the germs enter your body through a break, cut, or wound on your skin. Other skin infections can happen in places where the skin rubs together, especially if the area is moist. Infections can also happen when you have a poor blood supply to an area of your body or if your immune system is weakened because of another disease or a medical treatment.\nSome skin infections cover a small area on the top of your skin. Other infections can go deep into your skin or spread to a larger area.\nWhat causes skin infections?\nSkin infections are caused by different kinds of germs. For example,:\n• Bacteria cause cellulitis, impetigo, and staphylococcal (staph) infections\n• Viruses cause shingles, warts, and herpes simplex\n• Fungi cause athlete's foot and yeast infections\n• Parasites cause body lice, head lice, and scabies\nWho is more likely to get a skin infection?\nYou are more likely to get a skin infection if you:\n• Have poor circulation\n• Have diabetes\n• Are older\n• Have an immune system disease, such as HIV\n• Have a weakened immune system because of chemotherapy or other medicines that suppress your immune system\n• Have to stay in one position for a long time, such as if you are sick and have to stay in bed for a long time or you are paralyzed\n• Are malnourished\n• Have excessive skinfolds, which can happen if you have obesity\nWhat are the symptoms of skin infections?\nThe symptoms depend on the type of infection. Some symptoms that are common to many skin infections include rashes, swelling, redness, pain, pus, and itching.\nHow are skin infections diagnosed?\nTo diagnose a skin infection, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You may have lab tests, such as a skin culture. This is a test to identify what type of infection you have, using a sample from your skin. Your provider may take the sample by swabbing or scraping your skin or removing a small piece of skin (biopsy). Sometimes providers use other tests, such as blood tests.\nHow are skin infections treated?\nThe treatment depends on the type of infection and how serious it is. Some infections will go away on their own. When you do need treatment, it may include a cream or lotion to put on the skin. Other possible treatments include medicines and a procedure to drain pus.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones de la piel","text":"¿Qué son las infecciones de la piel?\nLa piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo. Tiene muchas funciones diferentes, incluyendo cubrir y proteger su cuerpo. Ayuda a mantener a distancia a los gérmenes, pero a veces estos pueden entrar al organismo a través de una infección en la piel. A menudo ocurre cuando los gérmenes ingresan al cuerpo a través de una herida, corte o herida en la piel. Otras infecciones de la piel pueden ocurrir en lugares donde la piel se frota, especialmente si está húmeda. Las infecciones también pueden ocurrir cuando tiene un suministro deficiente de sangre a un área del cuerpo o si su sistema inmunitario está debilitado debido a otra enfermedad o tratamiento médico.\nAlgunas infecciones de la piel cubren un área pequeña en la parte superior de la piel. Otras infecciones pueden penetrar profundamente o extenderse a un área más grande.\n¿Cuáles son las causas de las infecciones de la piel?\nLas infecciones de la piel son causadas por diferentes tipos de gérmenes. Por ejemplo:\n• Las bacterias causan celulitis, impétigo e infecciones por estafilococo\n• Los virus causan culebrilla, verrugas y herpes simple\n• Los hongos causan pie de atleta e infecciones por cándida\n• Los parásitos incluyen piojos del cuerpo, de la cabeza y sarna\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una infección de la piel?\nEs más probable que tenga una infección en la piel si:\n• Tiene mala circulación\n• Tiene diabetes\n• Es adulto mayor\n• Tiene una enfermedades del sistema inmunitario, como el VIH\n• Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado debido a la quimioterapia u otros medicamentos que bajan sus defensas\n• Tiene que permanecer en una posición durante mucho tiempo, por ejemplo, si tiene que estar acostado por una afección o si está paralizado\n• Está desnutrido\n• Tiene muchos pliegues en la piel, lo que puede ocurrir si tiene obesidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones de la piel?\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. Algunos síntomas comunes a muchas infecciones de la piel incluyen sarpullido, hinchazón, enrojecimiento, dolor, pus y picazón.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones de la piel?\nPara diagnosticar una infección de la piel, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y preguntará sobre sus síntomas. Es posible que le hagan pruebas de laboratorio, como un cultivo de piel, la que sirve para identificar qué tipo de infección tiene usando una muestra de su piel. Su profesional médico puede tomar la muestra con un hisopo o raspando su piel, o extrayendo un pequeño trozo de piel (biopsia). Algunas veces, se usan otras pruebas, como exámenes de sangre.\n¿Cómo se tratan las infecciones de la piel?\nEl tratamiento depende del tipo de infección y de su gravedad. Algunas infecciones desaparecerán por sí solas. Cuando necesite tratamiento, puede incluir una crema o loción para la piel. Otros tratamientos posibles incluyen medicamentos y un procedimiento para drenar el pus.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0036","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hepatitis-a","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hepatitis-a","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B15","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E50.0","display":"Acute hepatitis A","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/991455762","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#991455762"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acute hepatitis A","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hepatită A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الكبد A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitida A (žloutenka typu A)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ηπατίτιδα Α","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hépatite A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हेपेटाइटिस ए","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epatite A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"A型肝炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"A형 간염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hepatite A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гепатит A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitída A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hepatit A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гепатит A","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲型肝炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hepatitis A","text":"What is hepatitis?\nHepatitis is inflammation of the liver. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.\nWhat is hepatitis A?\nHepatitis A is a type of viral hepatitis. It causes an acute, or short-term, infection. This means that people usually get better without treatment after a few weeks.\nThanks to a vaccine, hepatitis A is not very common in the United States.\nWhat causes hepatitis A?\nHepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus spreads through contact with an infected person's stool. This can happen if you:\n• Eat food made by someone who has the virus and did not properly wash their hands after using the bathroom\n• Drink contaminated water or eat foods that were rinsed with contaminated water\n• Have close personal contact with someone who has hepatitis A. This could be through certain types of sex (like oral-anal sex), taking care of someone who is ill, or using illegal drugs with others.\nWho is at risk for hepatitis A?\nAlthough anyone can get hepatitis A, you are at higher risk if you:\n• Travel to developing countries\n• Have sex with someone who has hepatitis A\n• Are a man who has sex with men\n• Use illegal drugs\n• Are experiencing homelessness\n• Live with or care for someone who has hepatitis A\n• Live with or care for a child recently adopted from a country where hepatitis A is common\nWhat are the symptoms of hepatitis A?\nNot everyone with hepatitis A has symptoms. Adults are more likely to have symptoms than children. If you do have symptoms, they usually start 2 to 7 weeks after infection. They can include:\n• Dark yellow urine\n• Diarrhea\n• Fatigue\n• Fever\n• Gray- or clay-colored stools\n• Joint pain\n• Loss of appetite\n• Nausea and/or vomiting\n• Abdominal pain\n• Yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice\nThe symptoms usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months.\nYou are at a higher risk of getting a more severe infection from hepatitis A if you also have HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.\nWhat other problems can hepatitis A cause?\nIn rare cases, hepatitis A may lead to liver failure. This is more common in adults over age 50 and in people who have another liver.\nHow is hepatitis A diagnosed?\nTo diagnose hepatitis A, your health care provider may use many tools:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis\nWhat are the treatments for hepatitis A?\nThere is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. The best way to recover is to rest, drink plenty of liquids, and eat healthy foods. Your provider may also suggest medicines to help relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, you may need care in a hospital.\nCan hepatitis A be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent hepatitis A is to get the hepatitis A vaccine. It is also important to have good hygiene, especially washing your hands thoroughly after you go to the bathroom.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hepatitis A","text":"¿Qué es la hepatitis?\nLa hepatitis es una inflamación del hígado. La inflamación es una hinchazón que ocurre cuando los tejidos del cuerpo se lesionan o infectan. Esto puede dañar a su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de su hígado.\n¿Qué es la hepatitis A?\nLa hepatitis A es un tipo de hepatitis viral. Provoca una infección aguda, o de corta duración. En general, esto significa que las personas mejoran sin tratamiento después de algunas semanas. Gracias a una vacuna, la hepatitis A no es muy común en los Estados Unidos.\n¿Qué causa la hepatitis A?\nLa hepatitis A es causada por el virus de la hepatitis A. El virus se transmite a través del contacto con las heces de una persona infectada. Esto puede suceder si:\n• Consume alimentos elaborados por alguien que tiene el virus y no se lavó las manos bien después de ir al baño\n• Bebe agua contaminada o come alimentos que se enjuagaron con agua contaminada\n• Tiene contacto personal cercano con alguien que tiene hepatitis A. Esto puede ser a través de ciertos tipos de actividad sexual (como sexo oral-anal), cuidar a alguien que está enfermo o usar drogas ilegales con otras personas\n¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis A?\nAunque cualquier persona puede contraer hepatitis A, usted corre un mayor riesgo si:\n• Viaja a países en desarrollo\n• Tiene relaciones sexuales con alguien con hepatitis A\n• Es un hombre que tiene sexo con hombres\n• Usa drogas ilegales\n• Es una persona sin hogar (falta de vivienda)\n• Vive con alguien que tiene hepatitis A o está a cargo de su cuidado\n• Vive con o cuida de un niño adoptado recientemente de un país donde la hepatitis A es común\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis A?\nNo todas las personas con hepatitis A presentan síntomas. Los adultos tienen más probabilidades de tener síntomas que los niños. En general, si tiene síntomas estos comienzan de 2 a 7 semanas después de la infección. Pueden incluir:\n• Orina de color amarillo oscuro\n• Diarrea\n• Fatiga\n• Fiebre\n• Heces de color gris o arcilla\n• Dolor en las articulaciones\n• Pérdida del apetito\n• Náuseas y vómitos\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Ojos y piel amarillentos, conocido como ictericia\nLos síntomas suelen durar menos de 2 meses, aunque algunas personas pueden estar enfermas hasta por 6 meses.\nUsted tiene un mayor riesgo de contraer una infección más grave por hepatitis A si además tiene VIH, hepatitis B o hepatitis C.\n¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la hepatitis A?\nEn casos raros, la hepatitis A puede provocar insuficiencia hepática. Esto es más común en personas mayores de 50 años y en quienes tienen otra enfermedad del hígado.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis A?\nPara diagnosticar la hepatitis A, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:\n• Su historial médico, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis A?\nNo existe un tratamiento específico para la hepatitis A. La mejor manera de recuperarse es descansar, beber muchos líquidos y consumir alimentos saludables. Su proveedor también puede sugerir medicamentos para ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. En casos más graves, es posible que necesite atención en un hospital.\n¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis A?\nLa mejor forma de prevenir la hepatitis A es vacunarse contra la hepatitis A. También es importante tener una buena higiene, especialmente lavarse bien las manos después de ir al baño.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0037","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hepatitis-b-acute","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hepatitis-b-acute","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B16","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E50.1","display":"Acute hepatitis B","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1337277167","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1337277167"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acute hepatitis B","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis B (acute)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hepatită B acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الكبد B الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní hepatitida B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Hepatitis B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία ηπατίτιδα Β","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis B aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hépatite B aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र हेपेटाइटिस बी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut hepatitis B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epatite B acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性B型肝炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 B형 간염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hepatite B aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый гепатит B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútna hepatitída B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut hepatit B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий гепатит B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性乙型肝炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hepatitis B","text":"What is hepatitis?\nHepatitis is inflammation of the liver. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.\nWhat is hepatitis B?\nHepatitis B is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause an acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) infection. People with an acute infection usually get better on their own without treatment. Some people with chronic hepatitis B will need treatment.\nThanks to a vaccine, hepatitis B is not very common in the United States. It is more common in certain parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia.\nWhat causes hepatitis B?\nHepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus spreads through contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person who has the virus.\nWho is at risk for hepatitis B?\nAnyone can get hepatitis B, but the risk is higher in:\n• Infants born to mothers who have hepatitis B\n• People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, and other types of drug equipment\n• Sex partners of people with hepatitis B, especially if they are not using latex or polyurethane condoms during sex\n• Men who have sex with men\n• People who live with someone who has hepatitis B, especially if they use the same razor, toothbrush, or nail clippers\n• Health care and public-safety workers who are exposed to blood on the job\n• Hemodialysis patients\n• People who have lived in or traveled often to parts of the world where hepatitis B is common\n• People who have diabetes, hepatitis C, or HIV\nWhat are the symptoms of hepatitis B?\nOften, people with hepatitis B don't have symptoms. Adults and children over 5 are more likely to have symptoms than younger children.\nSome people with acute hepatitis B have symptoms 2 to 5 months after infection. These symptoms can include:\n• Dark yellow urine\n• Diarrhea\n• Fatigue\n• Fever\n• Gray- or clay-colored stools\n• Joint pain\n• Loss of appetite\n• Nausea and/or vomiting\n• Abdominal pain\n• Yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice\nIf you have chronic hepatitis B, you may not have symptoms until complications develop. This could be decades after you were infected. For this reason, hepatitis B screening is important, even if you have no symptoms. Screening means that you are tested for a disease even though you don't have symptoms. If you are at high risk, your health care provider may suggest screening.\nWhat other problems can hepatitis B cause?\nIn rare cases, acute hepatitis B can cause liver failure.\nChronic hepatitis B can develop into a serious disease that causes long-term health problems such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, and liver failure.\nIf you have ever had hepatitis B, the virus may become active again, or reactivated, later in life. This could start to damage the liver and cause symptoms.\nHow is hepatitis B diagnosed?\nTo diagnose hepatitis B, your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis\nWhat are the treatments for hepatitis B?\nIf you have acute hepatitis B, you probably don't need treatment. Some people with chronic hepatitis B don't need treatment. But if you have a chronic infection and blood tests show that hepatitis B could be damaging your liver, you may need to take antiviral medicines.\nCan hepatitis B be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent hepatitis B is to get the hepatitis B vaccine.\nYou can also reduce your chance of hepatitis B infection by:\n• Not sharing drug needles or other drug materials\n• Wearing gloves if you have to touch another person's blood or open sores\n• Making sure your tattoo artist or body piercer uses sterile tools\n• Not sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers\n• Using a latex condom during sex. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\nIf you think you have been in contact with the hepatitis B virus, see your health care provider right away. Your provider may give you a dose of the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent infection. In some cases, your provider may also give you a medicine called hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). You need to get the vaccine and the HBIG (if needed) as soon as possible after coming into contact with the virus. It is best if you can get them within 24 hours.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hepatitis B","text":"¿Qué es la hepatitis?\nLa hepatitis es una inflamación del hígado. La inflamación es una hinchazón que ocurre cuando los tejidos del cuerpo se lesionan o infectan. Esto puede dañar su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de su hígado.\n¿Qué es la hepatitis B?\nLa hepatitis B es un tipo de hepatitis viral. Puede causar una infección aguda (a corto plazo) o crónica (a largo plazo). En general, las personas con una infección aguda mejoran por sí solas sin tratamiento. Algunas personas con hepatitis B crónica necesitan tratamiento.\nGracias a una vacuna, la hepatitis B no es muy común en los Estados Unidos. Es más común en ciertas partes del mundo, como el África subsahariana y partes de Asia.\n¿Qué causa la hepatitis B?\nLa hepatitis B es causada por el virus de la hepatitis B. El virus se transmite a través del contacto con sangre, semen u otros fluidos corporales de una persona que tiene el virus.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis B?\nCualquiera puede contraer hepatitis B, pero el riesgo es mayor para:\n• Bebés nacidos de madres con hepatitis B\n• Personas que se inyectan drogas o comparten agujas, jeringas y otros tipos de dispositivos para drogas\n• Compañeros sexuales de personas con hepatitis B, especialmente si no usan condones de látex o poliuretano durante las relaciones sexuales\n• Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres\n• Personas que viven con alguien que tiene hepatitis B, especialmente si usan la misma máquina de afeitar, cepillo de dientes o cortaúñas\n• Trabajadores de la salud y seguridad pública que están expuestos a sangre en su labor\n• Pacientes en hemodiálisis\n• Personas que han vivido o viajado con frecuencia a partes del mundo donde la hepatitis B es común\n• Personas con diabetes, hepatitis C o VIH\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis B?\nA menudo, las personas con hepatitis B no presentan síntomas. Los adultos y los niños mayores de 5 años tienen más probabilidades de presentar síntomas que los niños más pequeños.\nAlgunas personas con hepatitis B aguda presentan síntomas de 2 a 5 meses después de la infección. Estos síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Orina de color amarillo oscuro\n• Diarrea\n• Fatiga\n• Fiebre\n• Heces de color gris o arcilla\n• Dolor en las articulaciones\n• Pérdida del apetito\n• Náuseas y vómitos\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Ojos y piel amarillentos, conocido como ictericia\nSi tiene hepatitis B crónica, es posible que no tenga síntomas hasta que se desarrollen complicaciones. Esto podría suceder décadas después de la infección. Por ello, la detección de la hepatitis B es importante, incluso si no tiene síntomas. Para ello, se realiza una prueba de detección de una enfermedad, aunque no tenga síntomas. Si tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que se haga un examen.\n¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la hepatitis B?\nEn casos raros, la hepatitis B aguda puede causar insuficiencia hepática.\nLa hepatitis B crónica puede convertirse en una enfermedad grave que causa problemas de salud a largo plazo, como cirrosis (cicatrización del hígado), cáncer de hígado e insuficiencia hepática.\nSi alguna vez ha tenido hepatitis B, el virus puede volver a activarse o reactivarse más adelante en la vida. Esto podría comenzar a dañar el hígado y causar síntomas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis B?\nPara diagnosticar la hepatitis B, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:\n• Su historial médico, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis B?\nSi tiene hepatitis B aguda, es probable que no necesite tratamiento. Algunas personas con hepatitis B crónica no necesitan tratamiento. Pero si tiene una infección crónica y los análisis de sangre muestran que la hepatitis B podría estar dañando su hígado, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos antivirales.\n¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis B?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir la hepatitis B es vacunarse contra la hepatitis B.\nTambién puede reducir su probabilidad de infección por hepatitis B al:\n• No compartir agujas u otros dispositivos para las drogas\n• Usar guantes si tiene que tocar la sangre de otra persona o abrir llagas\n• Asegurarse de que su tatuador o perforador use herramientas esterilizadas\n• No compartir artículos personales, como cepillos de dientes, máquinas de afeitar o cortaúñas\n• Usar un condón de látex durante las relaciones sexuales. Si su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede ayudar usar un condón de poliuretano\nSi cree que ha estado en contacto con el virus de la hepatitis B, consulte a su profesional de la salud de inmediato. Su proveedor puede administrarle una dosis de la vacuna contra la hepatitis B para prevenir una infección. En algunos casos, su proveedor también puede darle un medicamento llamado inmunoglobulina contra la hepatitis B (IGHB). Debe recibir la vacuna y la HBIG (si es necesario) lo antes posible después de estar en contacto con el virus. Es mejor si puede obtenerlos dentro de las 24 horas siguientes.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0160","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hepatitis B — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0038","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hiv","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hiv","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B20","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"HIV","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"VIH","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala HIV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Onemocnění HIV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"HIV-Krankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος HIV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection par le VIH","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एचआईवी रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"HIV-betegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia da HIV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"HIV感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"HIV 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba wywołana przez HIV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença pelo VIH","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"ВИЧ-инфекция","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ochorenie HIV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"HIV hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"ВІЛ-інфекція","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"艾滋病毒病（HIV）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"AIDS"},{"lang":"en","text":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"},{"lang":"en","text":"Human immunodeficiency virus"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"HIV","text":"What is HIV?\nHIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other infections and diseases.\nWhat is AIDS?\nAIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. It happens when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.\nHow does HIV spread?\nHIV is spread through certain body fluids from a person who has HIV. This can happen:\n• By having unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has HIV. \"Unprotected\" means not using condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV. This is the most common way that it spreads.\n• By sharing drug needles.\n• Through contact with the blood of a person with HIV.\n• From mother to fetus during pregnancy.\n• From mother to baby during, childbirth, or breastfeeding.\nWho is at risk for HIV infection?\nAnyone can get HIV, but certain groups have a higher risk of getting it:\n• People who have another sexually transmitted infection (STI). Having an STI can increase your risk of getting or spreading HIV.\n• People who inject drugs with shared needles.\n• Gay and bisexual men.\n• Black/African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans. They make up a higher proportion of new HIV diagnoses and people with HIV, compared to other races and ethnicities.\n• People who engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms or medicine to prevent or treat HIV.\nFactors such as stigma, discrimination, income, education, and geographic region can also affect people's risk for HIV.\nWhat are the symptoms of HIV?\nThe first signs of HIV infection may be flu-like symptoms:\n• Fever\n• Chills\n• Rash\n• Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)\n• Muscle aches\n• Sore throat\n• Fatigue\n• Swollen lymph nodes\n• Mouth ulcers\nThese symptoms may come and go within two to four weeks. This stage is called acute HIV infection.\nIf the infection is not treated, it becomes chronic HIV infection. Often, there are no symptoms during this stage. If it is not treated, eventually the virus will weaken your body's immune system. Then the infection will progress to AIDS. This is the late stage of HIV infection. Because your immune system is badly damaged, your body cannot fight off other infections, called opportunistic infections (OIs). OIs are infections that happen more frequently or are more severe in people who have weakened immune systems.\nSome people may not feel sick during the earlier stages of HIV infection. So the only way to know for sure whether you have HIV is to get tested.\nHow do I know if I have HIV?\nA blood test can tell if you have HIV infection. Your health care provider can do the test, or you can use a home testing kit. You can also use the CDC Testing Locator to find free testing sites.\nWhat are the treatments for HIV?\nThere is no cure for HIV infection, but it can be treated with medicines. This is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART can make HIV infection a manageable chronic condition. It also reduces the risk of spreading the virus to others.\nMost people with HIV live long and healthy lives if they get ART as soon as possible and stay on it. It's also important to take care of yourself. Making sure that you have the support you need, living a healthy lifestyle, and getting regular medical care can help you enjoy a better quality of life.\nCan HIV infection be prevented?\nYou can reduce the risk of getting or spreading HIV by:\n• Getting tested for HIV.\n• Choosing less risky sexual behaviors. This includes limiting the number of sexual partners you have and using latex condoms every time you have sex. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\n• Getting tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).\n• Not injecting drugs.\n• Talking to your provider about medicines to prevent HIV:\n• PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don't already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PrEP is daily medicine that can reduce this risk.\n• PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV.\nNIH: National Institutes of Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"VIH","text":"¿Qué es el VIH?\nVIH significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Esto lo pone en riesgo de tener otras infecciones y enfermedades.\n¿Qué es el sida?\nSida significa síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Es la etapa final de la infección por VIH. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo está muy dañado por el virus. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.\n¿Cómo se transmite el VIH?\nEl VIH se propaga a través de ciertos fluidos corporales de una persona con VIH. Esto puede suceder:\n• Al tener relaciones sexuales vaginales o anales sin protección con una persona que tiene el VIH. Sin protección significa no usar condones o medicamentos para tratar o prevenir el VIH. Esta es la forma más común de propagación\n• Compartiendo agujas para el consumo de drogas\n• A través del contacto con la sangre de una persona que tiene VIH\n• De la madre al feto durante el embarazo\n• De la madre al bebé durante el parto o lactancia\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de contraer la infección por el VIH?\nCualquier persona puede contraer el VIH, pero ciertos grupos tienen un mayor riesgo:\n• Personas que tienen otra enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS. Tener una ETS puede aumentar su riesgo de contraer o transmitir el VIH\n• Personas que se inyectan drogas con agujas compartidas\n• Hombres gais o bisexuales\n• Afrodescendientes e hispanos y latinos: Constituyen una mayor proporción de nuevos diagnósticos de VIH y personas con VIH, en comparación con otras razas y etnias\n• Personas que tienen conductas sexuales riesgosas, como no usar condón o medicinas para prevenir el VIH\nFactores como el estigma, la discriminación, el ingreso, educación y región geográfica también pueden afectar el riesgo de una persona de VIH.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del VIH y sida?\nLos primeros signos de infección por VIH pueden ser síntomas similares a los de la gripe:\n• Fiebre\n• Escalofríos\n• Sarpullido\n• Sudoración nocturna (transpirar mucho durante la noche)\n• Dolor muscular\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Fatiga\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados\n• Llagas en la boca\nEstos síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer en un plazo de 2 a 4 semanas. Esta etapa se llama infección aguda por VIH.\nSi la infección no se trata, se convierte en una infección crónica por el VIH. A menudo, no hay síntomas durante esta etapa. Si no se trata, eventualmente el virus debilitará el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo. Entonces la infección avanzará a sida. Ésta es la última etapa de la infección por VIH. Debido a que su sistema inmunitario está gravemente dañado, su cuerpo no puede combatir otras infecciones, llamadas infecciones oportunistas. Estas son infecciones que ocurren con mayor frecuencia o son más graves en personas que tienen sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.\nEs posible que algunas personas no se sientan enfermas durante las primeras etapas de la infección por el VIH. Entonces, la única forma de saber con certeza si tiene el VIH es hacerse la prueba.\n¿Cómo sé si tengo VIH?\nUn análisis de sangre puede indicar si tiene una infección por VIH. Su profesional de la salud puede realizar la prueba o puede usar un kit de prueba en el hogar. También puede utilizar el localizador de pruebas de los CDC para encontrar sitios donde realicen la prueba sin costo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el VIH y sida?\nSi bien no existe cura para la infección por VIH, se puede tratar con medicamentos, lo que se conoce como terapia antirretroviral. Esta puede volver la infección por VIH en una enfermedad crónica manejable. También reduce el riesgo de transmitir el virus a otras personas.\nLa mayoría de las personas con VIH viven una vida larga y saludable si reciben terapia antirretroviral lo antes posible y mantienen el tratamiento. También es importante que se cuide. Contar con el apoyo que necesita, llevar un estilo de vida saludable y recibir atención médica regular puede ayudarle a disfrutar de una mejor calidad de vida.\n¿Se puede prevenir la infección por VIH?\nPuede reducir el riesgo de contagiarse o transmitir el VIH al:\n• Hacerse la prueba del VIH\n• Practicar conductas sexuales menos riesgosas. Esto incluye limitar la cantidad de parejas sexuales que tiene y usar condones de látex cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es alérgica al látex, puede usar condones de poliuretano\n• Hacerse la prueba y recibir tratamiento para enfermedades de transmisión sexual\n• No inyectarse drogas\n• Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre medicamentos para prevenir el VIH:\n• PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición) es para personas que aún no tienen el VIH pero que tienen un riesgo muy alto de contraerlo. PrEP es un medicamento diario que puede reducir este riesgo\n• PEP (profilaxis posterior a la exposición) es para personas que posiblemente han estado expuestas al VIH. Es solo para situaciones de emergencia. La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas posteriores a una posible exposición al VIH\nNIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0001","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0023","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0044","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0063","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0073","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0083","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0086","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0092","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0101","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0104","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0126","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0141","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0192","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0197","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0214","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0235","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0274","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0285","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0290","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0329","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0338","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0039","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cytomegalovirus-infection","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cytomegalovirus-infection","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B25","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cytomegalovirus infection","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infecție cu citomegalovirus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدوى الفيروس المضخم للخلايا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cytomegalovirová infekce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zytomegalie (CMV-Infektion)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοίμωξη από κυτταρομεγαλοϊό","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infección por citomegalovirus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection à cytomégalovirus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"साइटोमेगालोवायरस संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Citomegalovírus-fertőzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infezione da citomegalovirus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"サイトメガロウイルス感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"거대세포바이러스 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zakażenie cytomegalowirusem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infecção por citomegalovírus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Цитомегаловирусная инфекция","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cytomegalovírusová infekcia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sitomegalovirüs enfeksiyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цитомегаловірусна інфекція","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"巨细胞病毒感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cytomegalovirus Infections","text":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found around the world. It is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and infectious mononucleosis (mono). Between 50% and 80% of adults in the United States have had a CMV infection by age 40. Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there for life.\nCMV is spread through close contact with body fluids. Most people with CMV don't get sick and don't know that they've been infected. But infection with the virus can be serious in babies and people with weak immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities.\nA blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV. Most people with CMV don't need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cytomegalovirusinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Citomegalovirus","text":"El citomegalovirus (CMV) es un virus que se encuentra en todo el mundo. Se relaciona con los virus que causan la varicela y la mononucleosis infecciosa. Entre el 50 y 80% de los adultos de los Estados Unidos tuvo una infección por CMV antes de los 40 años de edad. Una vez que el CMV penetra en el cuerpo de la persona, permanece ahí para siempre.\nEl CMV puede transmitirse por contacto directo con líquidos corporales. La mayoría de las personas con CMV no se enferma y tampoco saben que están infectadas. Pero la infección con el virus puede ser seria en los bebés y las personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Si una mujer adquiere el CMV en el embarazo, puede transmitírselo al bebé. Por lo general, estos bebés no tienen problemas de salud. Pero algunos pueden desarrollar discapacidades para toda la vida.\nUn examen de sangre puede determinar si una persona ha sido infectada con el virus. La mayoría de las personas con CMV no necesita tratamiento. Si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, el médico puede recetarle una medicina antiviral. Las buenas prácticas de higiene, incluyendo lavarse las manos correctamente, pueden evitar infecciones.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0200","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cytomegalovirus Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0215","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cytomegalovirus Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0040","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mumps","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mumps","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B26","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mumps","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paperas","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Oreion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النكاف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Příušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mumps (Ziegenpeter)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παρωτίτιδα (μαγουλάδες)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Oreillons","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कण्ठमाला (मम्प्स)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mumpsz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Parotite (orecchioni)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"流行性耳下腺炎（おたふくかぜ）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"볼거리(유행성 이하선염)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Świnka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Papeira (caxumba)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпидемический паротит (свинка)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mumps","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kabakulak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епідемічний паротит (свинка)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"流行性腮腺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mumps","text":"Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus. It starts with:\n• Fever\n• Headache\n• Muscle aches\n• Tiredness\n• Loss of appetite\nAfter that, the salivary glands under the ears or jaw become swollen and tender. The swelling can be on one or both sides of the face. Symptoms last 7 to 10 days. Serious complications are rare.\nYou can catch mumps by being with another person who has it. There is no treatment for mumps, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.\nBefore the routine vaccination program in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children and young adults. Now it is a rare disease in the U.S.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Paperas","text":"Las paperas son causadas por el virus de las paperas. La enfermedad comienza con estos síntomas:\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Dolores musculares\n• Cansancio\n• Pérdida del apetito\nLuego de la aparición de estos síntomas, las glándulas salivales bajo las orejas o mandíbula se inflaman. Esta inflamación puede ser en uno o en los dos lados de la cara. Los síntomas duran entre siete a 10 días. Las complicaciones serias son muy raras.\nSe puede adquirir paperas por estar con otra persona que tenga la enfermedad. No existe un tratamiento para las paperas, pero la vacuna contra las paperas, el sarampión y la rubéola (triple viral o MMR, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden prevenirla.\nAntes de los programas de vacunación en los Estados Unidos, las paperas era una enfermedad muy común entre recién nacidos, bebés y jóvenes. En la actualidad, esta enfermedad es muy poco frecuente.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0041","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"infectious-mononucleosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/infectious-mononucleosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B27","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1D81.Z","display":"Infectious mononucleosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/760139952/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#760139952/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Infectious Mononucleosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mononucleosis infecciosa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mononucleoză infecțioasă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء كثرة الوحيدات العدوائي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Infekční mononukleóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pfeiffersches Drüsenfieber","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοιμώδης μονοπυρήνωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mononucléose infectieuse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"संक्रामक मोनोन्यूक्लिओसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mononukleózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mononucleosi infettiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"伝染性単核球症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전염성 단핵구증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mononukleoza zakaźna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mononucleose infecciosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Infekčná mononukleóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Enfeksiyöz mononükleoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інфекційний мононуклеоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"传染性单核细胞增多症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Glandular fever"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kissing disease"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mono"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mononucleosis"},{"lang":"en","text":"EBV Infections"},{"lang":"en","text":"Epstein-Barr Virus Infections"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Infectious Mononucleosis","text":"What is infectious mononucleosis (mono)?\nInfectious mononucleosis (mono) is a disease caused by viruses.The most common cause is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Mono is contagious, which means it can spread from person to person. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students.\nWhat causes infectious mononucleosis (mono)?\nMono can be caused by many different viruses. But it is most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is found all over the world. Most people get an EBV infection at some point in their lives, but only some of them will get the symptoms of mono. EBV infections often happen during childhood or when someone is a young adult. EBV infections in children usually do not cause symptoms. And when they do, it's hard to tell the difference between the symptoms of mono and the symptoms of other common childhood illnesses such as the flu. Teens and young adults who get EBV are more likely to have symptoms that are typical of mono.\nEBV and the other viruses that cause mono are usually spread through body fluids, especially saliva (spit). This means that you can get it through kissing. That's why mono is sometimes called \"the kissing disease.\" But you can also get these viruses if you share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with someone who has mono. Other less common ways of getting an infection are through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and blood and semen during sexual contact.\nWhat are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (mono)?\nThe symptoms of mono usually start four to six weeks after you get the infection. But they may start sooner in young children. The symptoms often develop slowly, and they may not all happen at the same time. They can include:\n• Extreme fatigue\n• Fever\n• Sore throat\n• Head and body aches\n• Swollen lymph glands in your neck and armpits\n• Rash\n• Swollen liver, spleen, or both (these are less common symptoms)\nMost people get better in two to four weeks. However, some people may feel fatigued for several more weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms can last for six months or longer.\nHow is infectious mononucleosis (mono) diagnosed?\nYour healthcare provider may diagnose mono based on your symptoms and a physical exam. The exam will include checking to see if your lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, or spleen are swollen. In some cases, your provider might also order a mono test to confirm the diagnosis.\nWhat are the treatments for infectious mononucleosis (mono)?\n• Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.\n• Getting lots of rest.\n• Taking over-the-counter medications for pain and fever. But don't give aspirin to children or teens because it may cause Reye syndrome. This syndrome is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.\nIf you have severe symptoms, your provider may suggest additional treatment based on which organs in your body are affected by the mono.\nAntibiotics don't treat viral infections, so they do not help with mono. Some people do get bacterial infections such as strep throat along with mono. In that case, you probably need antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection. But you should not take penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. Those antibiotics can cause a rash in people who have mono.\nMono can cause an enlarged spleen, which could rupture and cause a medical emergency. To try to protect the spleen, providers recommend avoiding intense exercise and contact sports until you fully recover (about a month).\nCan infectious mononucleosis (mono) be prevented?\nThere is no vaccine to protect against mono. To lower your chance of getting or spreading mono:\n• Don't share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with anyone, especially if you or the other person has mono.\n• Don't kiss someone if you or the other person has mono.\n• Wash your hands often with soap and water.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mononucleosis infecciosa","text":"¿Qué es la mononucleosis infecciosa?\nLa mononucleosis infecciosa (también conocida como mono) es una enfermedad causada por virus. La causa más común es el virus de Epstein-Barr. La mononucleosis es contagiosa, es decir, puede transmitirse de persona a persona. Es común entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, especialmente estudiantes universitarios.\n¿Qué causa la mononucleosis infecciosa?\nLa mononucleosis puede ser causada por muchos virus diferentes, pero la causa más frecuente es el virus de Epstein-Barr. Este virus se encuentra en todo el mundo. La mayoría de las personas contraen una infección por Epstein-Barr en algún momento de sus vidas, pero solo algunas experimentan síntomas de mononucleosis. Las infecciones por Epstein-Barr suelen ocurrir durante la niñez o cuando es adulto joven. En general, las infecciones por Epstein-Barr en niños no causan síntomas, y cuando lo hacen, es difícil distinguir entre los síntomas de la mononucleosis y los de otras afecciones infantiles comunes, como la gripe. Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes que contraen Epstein-Barr tienen más probabilidades de tener síntomas típicos de mononucleosis.\nEn general, el virus de Epstein-Barr y los otros virus que causan mononucleosis se transmiten a través de fluidos corporales, especialmente la saliva. Esto significa que puede contraerlo a través de los besos. Por ello, a veces se conoce a la mononucleosis como la \"enfermedad del beso\". Pero también puede contraerlos si comparte alimentos, bebidas, tenedores, cucharas o bálsamo labial con alguien que tiene mononucleosis. Otras formas menos comunes de contraer la infección son a través de transfusiones de sangre, trasplantes de órganos y sangre y semen durante el contacto sexual.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la mononucleosis infecciosa?\nLos síntomas de la mononucleosis suelen comenzar entre cuatro y seis semanas después de contraer la infección. Pero es posible que comiencen antes en niños pequeños. Los síntomas suelen aparecer lentamente y es posible que no todos se presenten al mismo tiempo. Pueden incluir:\n• Fatiga extrema\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Dolores de cabeza y cuerpo\n• Inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos del cuello y las axilas\n• Sarpullido\n• Inflamación de hígado, bazo o ambos (estos son síntomas menos comunes)\nLa mayoría de las personas mejoran en dos a cuatro semanas. Sin embargo, otras pueden sentirse fatigadas durante varias semanas más. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden durar seis meses o más.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la mononucleosis infecciosa?\nSu profesión al de la salud puede diagnosticarla según sus síntomas y un examen físico. El examen incluye comprobar si los ganglios linfáticos, las amígdalas, el hígado o el bazo están inflamados. En algunos casos, su proveedor también podría solicitar una Sarpullido para confirmar el diagnóstico.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la mononucleosis infecciosa?\nNo existe un tratamiento específico para la mononucleosis ya que desaparece por sí sola. Pero usted puede ayudar a aliviar sus síntomas al:\n• Beber muchos líquidos para evitar la deshidratación\n• Descansar mucho\n• Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el dolor y la fiebre. No le dé aspirina a niños ni adolescentes porque puede causar el síndrome de Reye, una enfermedad rara y grave que puede afectar el cerebro y el hígado\nSi tiene síntomas serios, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle un tratamiento adicional según los órganos de su cuerpo afectados por la mononucleosis.\nLos antibióticos no tratan las infecciones virales, por lo que no ayudan con la mononucleosis. Algunas personas contraen infecciones bacterianas, como faringitis estreptocócica, junto con mononucleosis. En ese caso, es probable que necesite antibióticos para tratar la infección. Pero no debe tomar antibióticos tipo penicilina como ampicilina o amoxicilina. Estos pueden causar sarpullido en personas con mononucleosis.\nLa mononucleosis puede causar un agrandamiento del bazo, que podría romperse y provocar una emergencia médica. Para tratar de proteger el bazo, los profesionales de la salud recomiendan evitar el ejercicio intenso y los deportes de contacto hasta que se recupere por completo (cerca de un mes).\n¿Se puede prevenir la mononucleosis infecciosa?\nNo existe una vacuna que proteja contra la mononucleosis. Para reducir sus posibilidades de contraer o transmitir mononucleosis:\n• No comparta alimentos, bebidas, tenedores, cucharas ni protector labial con nadie, especialmente si usted o la otra persona tienen mononucleosis\n• No bese a alguien si usted o la otra persona tienen mononucleosis\n• Lávese las manos frecuentemente con agua y jabón","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0042","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"viral-conjunctivitis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/viral-conjunctivitis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B30","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Conjunctivită virală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الملتحمة الفيروسي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Virová konjunktivitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Virale Bindehautentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιογενής επιπεφυκίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Conjuntivitis vírica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Conjonctivite virale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वायरल नेत्रश्लेष्मलाशोथ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vírusos kötőhártya-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Congiuntivite virale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ウイルス性結膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"바이러스성 결막염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wirusowe zapalenie spojówek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Conjuntivite viral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вирусный конъюнктивит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vírusová konjunktivitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Viral konjonktivit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вірусний кон'юнктивіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"病毒性结膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Viral conjunctivitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pink Eye","text":"Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pink eye. It involves inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelid. It can cause swelling, itching, burning, discharge, and redness. Causes include:\n• Bacterial or viral infection\n• Allergies\n• Substances that cause irritation\n• Contact lens products, eye drops, or eye ointments\nPink eye usually does not affect vision. Infectious pink eye can easily spread from one person to another. The infection will clear in most cases without medical care, but bacterial pink eye needs treatment with antibiotic eye drops or ointment.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Conjuntivitis","text":"La conjuntivitis causa hinchazón, picazón, ardor, lagrimeo y enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva, la membrana delgada y translúcida que recubre la parte blanca del ojo y el interior de los párpados. Las causas pueden ser:\n• Infección bacteriana o viral\n• Alergias\n• Sustancias que causan irritación\n• Productos que se usan para los lentes de contacto, gotas para los ojos o ungüentos.\nLa conjuntivitis, en general, no afecta la vista. La conjunctivitis infecciosa se contagia fácilmente de persona a persona. La infección desaparece por sí sola sin tratamiento, pero la conjuntivitis bacteriana necesita tratamiento con gotas o ungüentos antibióticos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0043","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"yeast-infections","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/yeast-infections","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B37","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Yeast Infections","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infecciones por cándida","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Candidoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء المبيضات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kandidóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Candidose (Hefepilzinfektion)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καντιντίαση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Candidose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कैंडिडिआसिस (यीस्ट संक्रमण)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Candidiasis (gombás fertőzés)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Candidosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"カンジダ症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"칸디다증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kandydoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Candidíase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кандидоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kandidóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kandidiyaz (mantar enfeksiyonu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кандидоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"念珠菌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Moniliasis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Thrush"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vaginal Yeast Infection"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Yeast Infections","text":"Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. Usually, your immune system keeps yeast under control. If you are sick or taking antibiotics, it can multiply and cause an infection.\nYeast infections affect different parts of the body in different ways:\n• Thrush is a yeast infection that causes white patches in your mouth\n• Candida esophagitis is thrush that spreads to your esophagus, the tube that takes food from your mouth to your stomach. It can make it hard or painful to swallow.\n• Women can get vaginal yeast infections, causing vaginitis\n• Yeast infections of the skin cause itching and rashes\n• Yeast infections in your bloodstream can be life-threatening\nAntifungal medicines get rid of yeast infections in most people. If you have a weak immune system, treatment might be more difficult.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por cándida","text":"Cándida es el nombre científico de una levadura. Es un hongo que vive en casi todas partes, incluso dentro de su cuerpo. Por lo general, el sistema inmunitario mantiene los hongos bajo control. Si está enfermo o toma antibióticos, pueden multiplicarse y causar una infección.\nLas infecciones por cándida afectan distintas partes del cuerpo de distintas maneras:\n• El muguet o candidiasis oral es una infección por hongos que causa manchas blancas en la boca\n• La esofagitis por cándida es muguet que se disemina hacia el esófago, el tubo que lleva la comida desde la boca hacia el estómago. Provoca dolor o dificultades para tragar\n• Las mujeres pueden tener infecciones vaginales por cándida, lo que causa vaginitis\n• Las infecciones en la piel por cándida causan picazón y erupciones cutáneas\n• La candidiasis en la sangre puede poner la vida en peligro\nLos antimicóticos pueden eliminar las infecciones por cándida en la mayoría de las personas. Si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, el tratamiento puede ser más difícil.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0016","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0053","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0226","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0268","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0367","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0044","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"valley-fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/valley-fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B38","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1F25.Z","display":"Coccidioidomycosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/132287989/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#132287989/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Valley Fever","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre del valle","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Coccidioidomicoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفطار الكرواني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kokcidioidomykóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Kokzidioidomykose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κοκκιδιοειδομυκητίαση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Coccidioïdomycose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कोक्सीडियोइडोमाइकोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Coccidioidomycosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Coccidioidomicosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"コクシジオイデス症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"콕시디오이데스진균증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kokcydioidomykoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Coccidioidomicose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кокцидиоидомикоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kokcidioidomykóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Koksidiyoidomikoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кокцидіоїдомікоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"球孢子菌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Valley Fever","text":"Valley Fever is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Coccidioides. The fungi live in the soil of dry areas like the southwestern U.S. You get it from inhaling the spores of the fungus. The infection cannot spread from person to person.\nAnyone can get Valley Fever. But it's most common among older adults, especially those 60 and older. People who have recently moved to an area where it occurs are at highest risk for infection. Other people at higher risk include:\n• Workers in jobs that expose them to soil dust. These include construction workers, agricultural workers, and military forces doing field training.\n• African Americans and Asians\n• Women in their third trimester of pregnancy\n• People with weak immune systems\nValley Fever is often mild, with no symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include a flu-like illness, with fever, cough, headache, rash, and muscle aches. Most people get better within several weeks or months. A small number of people may develop a chronic lung or widespread infection.\nValley Fever is diagnosed by testing your blood, other body fluids, or tissues. Many people with the acute infection get better without treatment. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antifungal drugs for acute infections. Severe infections require antifungal drugs.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fiebre del valle","text":"La Fiebre del Valle es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado Coccidioides. Estos hongos viven en el suelo de las zonas áridas como el suroeste de los EE.UU. Se puede contraer al inhalar (aspirar) las esporas del hongo. La infección no se contagia de persona a persona.\nCualquier persona puede contraer la infección pero las personas mayores, en especial aquellas de más de 60 años corren mayor riesgo. También están a mayor riesgo las personas que se hayan mudado recientemente a un área donde se encuentre el hongo. Otras personas con alto riesgo son:\n• Personas cuyos trabajos los exponen al polvo del suelo. Estos incluyen a los trabajadores de la construcción, trabajadores agrícolas y las fuerzas militares que realizan entrenamiento de campo\n• Afroamericanos y asiáticos\n• Mujeres en su tercer trimestre de embarazo\n• Personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado\nLa Fiebre del Valle suele ser leve, sin síntomas. Si usted tiene síntomas, éstos pueden parecerse a los de la gripe, con fiebre, tos, dolor de cabeza, erupción cutánea y dolor muscular. La mayoría de las personas se recuperan en varias semanas o meses. Unas pocas personas quizás desarrollen una enfermedad pulmonar crónica o una infección generalizada.\nLa Fiebre del Valle se diagnostica mediante pruebas de sangre o de otros líquidos corporales o de tejidos. Muchas personas con la infección aguda se recuperan sin tratamiento. En algunos casos, los médicos pueden recetar medicamentos antimicóticos (antifúngicos) para las infecciones agudas. Las infecciones graves requieren fármacos antifúngicos.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0268","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Coccidioidomycosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0045","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"histoplasmosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/histoplasmosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B39","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1F2A.Z","display":"Histoplasmosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1303003466/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1303003466/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء النوسجات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Histoplazmóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιστοπλάσμωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हिस्टोप्लाज़्मोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Istoplasmosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ヒストプラスマ症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"히스토플라스마증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Histoplazmoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Histoplasmose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гистоплазмоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Histoplazmóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Histoplazmoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гістоплазмоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"组织胞浆菌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Histoplasmosis","text":"What is histoplasmosis?\nHistoplasmosis is an infection caused by a fungus called Histoplasma. This fungus is common in the central and eastern United States, especially around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. It can also be found in parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It lives in the environment, especially in soil that contains large amounts of bat or bird droppings (poop).\nHow do you get histoplasmosis?\nYou get histoplasmosis by breathing in Histoplasma fungal spores from the air. It usually happens after you have been doing an activity that disturbs the soil, such as farming, construction, and landscaping. Histoplasmosis is not contagious. This means that you cannot get the infection from another person or an animal.\nWhat are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?\nMost people who breathe in the spores never have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start between 3 and 17 days after you breathe in the spores. The symptoms may include:\n• Fever\n• Cough\n• Fatigue\n• Chills\n• Headache\n• Chest pain\n• Body aches\nFor most people, the symptoms of histoplasmosis will go away within a few weeks to a month. However, some people can have symptoms that last longer, especially if their infection becomes severe. Certain people are more likely to get a severe infection:\n• People who have weakened immune systems, for example from:\n• Having HIV\n• Having had an organ transplant\n• Taking medicines which weaken your immune system, such as chemotherapy and steroids\n• Infants\n• Adults age 55 and over\nSevere histoplasmosis can develop into a long-term lung infection. It can also spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). This is known as disseminated histoplasmosis.\nHow is histoplasmosis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have histoplasmosis, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms and your medical and travel history\n• Will do a physical exam\n• Will likely order a blood, urine, or tissue test to look for signs of the fungus\n• May order a chest x-ray or CT scan of the lungs\nWhat are the treatments for histoplasmosis?\nFor some people, the symptoms of histoplasmosis will go away without treatment. But you will need treatment if you have severe histoplasmosis in the lungs, chronic histoplasmosis, or an infection that has spread to other parts of the body. That treatment would be with prescription antifungal medicines. In some cases, you may need to take the medicines for 3 months to 1 year.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Histoplasmosis","text":"¿Qué es la histoplasmosis?\nLa histoplasmosis es una infección causada por un hongo llamado Histoplasma. Este hongo es común en el centro y este de los Estados Unidos, especialmente alrededor de los valles de los ríos Ohio y Mississippi. También se puede encontrar en partes de América Central y del Sur, África, Asia y Australia. Vive en el medio ambiente, especialmente en suelos que contienen grandes cantidades de excrementos de murciélagos o pájaros.\n¿Cómo se contrae la histoplasmosis?\nSe contrae al respirar las esporas del hongo Histoplasma del aire. Por lo general, ocurre después de haber realizado una actividad que altera el suelo, como la agricultura, la construcción y el paisajismo. La histoplasmosis no es contagiosa, es decir, no se contrae la infección de otra persona o animal.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la histoplasmosis?\nLa mayoría de las personas que inhalan las esporas nunca presentan síntomas. Si hay síntomas, generalmente comienzan entre 3 y 17 días después de inhalar las esporas. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre\n• Tos\n• Fatiga\n• Escalofríos\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Dolor de pecho\n• Dolor corporal\nPara la mayoría de las personas, los síntomas de la histoplasmosis desaparecen en unas pocas semanas o un mes. Sin embargo, otras pueden tener síntomas que duran más, especialmente si la infección se vuelve grave. Quienes tienen más probabilidades de contraer una infección grave incluyen:\n• Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, por ejemplo por:\n• Tener VIH\n• Haber tenido un trasplante de órgano\n• Tomar medicamentos que debilitan el sistema inmunitario, como quimioterapia y corticoides\n• Bebés\n• Adultos de 55 años o mayores\nLa histoplasmosis grave puede convertirse en una infección pulmonar a largo plazo. También puede propagarse desde los pulmones a otras partes del cuerpo, como el sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y la médula espinal). Esto se conoce como histoplasmosis diseminada.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la histoplasmosis?\nPara saber si tiene histoplasmosis, su profesional de la salud médica:\n• Preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica y de viajes\n• Realizará un examen físico\n• Probablemente solicitará un análisis de sangre, orina o tejido para buscar signos del hongo\n• Puede solicitar una radiografía de tórax o una tomografía computarizada de los pulmones\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la histoplasmosis?\nPara algunas personas, los síntomas de la histoplasmosis desaparecen sin tratamiento. Pero necesitará tratamiento si tiene histoplasmosis grave en los pulmones, histoplasmosis crónica o una infección que se ha extendido a otras partes del cuerpo. El tratamiento puede consistir en medicamentos antimicóticos recetados. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite tomarlos durante 3 meses a 1 año.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0046","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"aspergillosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/aspergillosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B44","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Aspergillosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aspergilosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aspergiloză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء الرشاشيات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aspergilóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aspergillose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ασπεργίλλωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aspergillose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एस्परगिलोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aspergillosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aspergillosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アスペルギルス症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아스페르길루스증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aspergiloza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aspergilose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аспергиллёз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aspergilóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aspergilloz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аспергільоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"曲霉病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Aspergillosis","text":"Aspergillosis is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Aspergillus. The fungus is very common in both indoors and outdoors. Most people breathe in the spores of the fungus every day without being affected. But some people get the disease. It usually occurs in people with lung diseases or weakened immune systems.\nThere are different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA). Symptoms of ABPA include wheezing and coughing. ABPA can affect healthy people but it is most common in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis.\nAnother kind is invasive aspergillosis, which damages tissues in the body. It usually affects the lungs. Sometimes it can also cause infection in other organs and spread throughout the body. It affects people who have immune system problems, such as people who have had a transplant, are taking high doses of steroids, or getting chemotherapy for some cancers.\nYour doctor might do a variety of tests to make the diagnosis, including a chest x-ray, CT scan of the lungs, and an examination of tissues for signs of the fungus. Treatment is with antifungal drugs. If you have ABPA, you may also take steroids.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/aspergillosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Aspergilosis","text":"La aspergilosis es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado aspergillus. Este hongo es bastante común tanto en ambientes exteriores como interiores. La mayoría de la gente respira las esporas del hongo todos los días sin ser afectada. Pero algunas personas contraen la enfermedad. En general ocurre en personas con enfermedades pulmonares o sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.\nHay diferentes tipos de aspergilosis. Uno de ellos es la aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar (ABPA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los síntomas de esta incluyen sibilancias y tos. La aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar puede afectar a personas sanas, pero es más común en personas con asma o fibrosis quística.\nOtro tipo es la aspergilosis invasiva, que daña los tejidos del cuerpo. Por lo general, afecta a los pulmones. A veces puede causar infección en otros órganos y extenderse por todo el cuerpo. Afecta a quienes tienen problemas con el sistema inmunitario, como las personas que han tenido un trasplante, toman altas dosis de esteroides o están recibiendo quimioterapia para algunos tipos de cáncer.\nSu médico puede hacer una variedad de pruebas para el diagnóstico, incluyendo una radiografía de tórax, tomografía computarizada de los pulmones o examinar los tejidos para detectar signos del hongo. El tratamiento es con medicamentos antimicóticos. Si tiene esta afección, también puede tomar esteroides.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aspergillosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0053","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0185","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0268","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0367","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0047","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"leishmaniasis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/leishmaniasis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B55","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leishmanioză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء الليشمانيات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Leishmanióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεϊσμανίαση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लीशमैनियासिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniasis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リーシュマニア症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"리슈마니아증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Leiszmanioza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leishmaniose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лейшманиоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Leišmanióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Leişmanyaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лейшманіоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"利什曼病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Leishmaniasis","text":"Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral. The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. People with this form usually have fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver.\nLeishmaniasis is found in parts of about 88 countries. Most of these countries are in the tropics and subtropics. It is possible but very unlikely that you would get this disease in the United States. But you should be aware of it if you are traveling to the Middle East or parts of Central America, South America, Asia, Africa or southern Europe.\nTreatment is with medicines that contain antimony, a type of metal, or with strong antibiotics. The best way to prevent the disease is to protect yourself from sand fly bites:\n• Stay indoors from dusk to dawn, when sand flies are the most active\n• Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts when outside\n• Use insect repellent and bed nets as needed\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/leishmaniasis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leishmaniasis","text":"La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasitaria diseminada por la picadura de un mosquito infectado. Existen varias formas distintas de leishmaniasis. Las más comunes son la cutánea y la visceral. El tipo cutáneo causa llagas en la piel. El tipo visceral afecta los órganos internos, tales como el bazo, el hígado y la médula ósea. Las personas con esta enfermedad suelen tener fiebre, pérdida de peso y aumento de tamaño del bazo y el hígado.\nLa leishmaniasis se encuentra en algunas áreas de 88 países aproximadamente. La mayoría de estos países se encuentra en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Es posible, pero poco probable, que adquiera esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos. Pero debe estar pendiente de ella si viaja al Medio Oriente o a regiones de América Central, América del Sur, Asia, África o el sur de Europa.\nEl tratamiento consiste en medicinas que contienen antimonio, un tipo de metal o potentes antibióticos. La mejor forma de prevenirla es protegerse de las picaduras de mosquito:\n• Evite estar al aire libre desde el anochecer hasta el amanecer\n• Use pantalones largos y camisas de manga larga cuando este afuera\n• Use repelente de insectos y mosquiteros cuando sea necesario\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leishmaniasis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0048","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chagas-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chagas-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B57","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1F53.Z","display":"Chagas disease, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1365585570/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1365585570/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chagas Disease","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de Chagas","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala Chagas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء شاغاس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chagasova nemoc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chagas-Krankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος Chagas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie de Chagas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चगास रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Chagas-kór","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia di Chagas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シャーガス病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"샤가스병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba Chagasa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença de Chagas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезнь Шагаса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chagasova choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Chagas hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороба Шагаса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"恰加斯病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"American trypanosomiasis"},{"lang":"en","text":"South American trypanosomiasis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chagas Disease","text":"What is Chagas disease?\nChagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is an illness that can cause serious heart and stomach problems. It is caused by a parasite. Chagas disease is common in Latin America, especially in poor, rural areas. It can also be found in the United States, most often in people who were infected before they moved to the U.S.\nWhat causes Chagas disease?\nChagas disease is caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. It is usually spread by infected blood-sucking bugs called triatomine bugs. They are also known as \"kissing bugs\" because they often bite people's faces. When one of these bugs bites you, it leaves behind infected waste. You can become infected if you rub the waste in your eyes or nose, the bite wound, or a cut.\nChagas disease can also spread through contaminated food, a blood transfusion, a donated organ, or from the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.\nWho is more likely to develop Chagas disease?\nKissing bugs can be found throughout the Americas, but they are more common in certain areas. The people who are most at risk for Chagas disease:\n• Live in rural areas of Latin America\n• Have seen the bugs, especially in those areas\n• Have stayed in a house with a thatched roof or with walls that have cracks or crevices\nWhat are the symptoms of Chagas disease?\nIn the beginning, there may be no symptoms. Some people do get mild symptoms, such as:\n• Fever\n• Fatigue\n• Body aches\n• Headache\n• Loss of appetite\n• Diarrhea\n• Vomiting\n• A rash\n• A swollen eyelid\nThese early symptoms usually go away. However, if you don't treat the infection, it stays in your body. Later, it can cause serious intestinal and heart problems such as:\n• An serious arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat) that can cause sudden death\n• An enlarged heart that doesn't pump blood well\n• Problems with digestion and bowel movements\n• An increased chance of having a stroke\nHow is Chagas disease diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have Chagas disease, your health care provider:\n• Will do a physical exam\n• Will take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms and where you have lived and traveled\n• Will run a blood test for Chagas disease\n• May run tests to see whether the disease has affected your intestines and heart\nWhat are the treatments for Chagas disease?\nMedicines can kill the parasite, especially early on. You can also treat related problems. For example, a pacemaker can help with some heart complications.\nCan Chagas disease be prevented?\nThere are no vaccines or medicines to prevent Chagas disease. If you travel to areas where it occurs, you are at higher risk if you sleep outdoors or are staying in poor housing conditions. It is important to use insecticides to prevent bites and practice food safety.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chagasdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de Chagas","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad de Chagas?\nLa enfermedad de Chagas, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana, es una afección que puede causar problemas serios al corazón y estómago. Es una enfermedad parasitaria común en Latinoamérica, especialmente en áreas rurales y de escasos recursos. También se encuentra en los Estados Unidos, más a menudo en personas que se infectaron antes de llegar al país.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Chagas?\nLa enfermedad de Chagas es causada por el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi. Por lo general, se transmite a través de insectos infectados que chupan la sangre, llamados triatominos. También se conocen como vinchucas (o en ciertas zonas como \"chinche gaucha\", \"chinche besucona\", \"chupadora\", \"voladora\", \"barbeiros\" o \"chipos\") porque a menudo muerden la cara de las personas. Cuando uno de estos insectos pica, deja excrementos infectados. Puede infectarse si se rasca en los ojos o la nariz, la herida de la picadura o un corte.\nLa enfermedad de Chagas también puede propagarse a través de alimentos contaminados, una transfusión de sangre, un órgano donado o de la persona gestante (embarazada) al bebé durante el embarazo.\n¿Quién tiene mayor probabilidad de tener la enfermedad de Chagas?\nLas vinchucas se pueden encontrar en todo el continente americano, pero son más comunes en ciertas áreas. Las personas con mayor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad de Chagas:\n• Viven en zonas rurales de Latinoamérica\n• Han visto los insectos, especialmente en esas áreas\n• Se han quedado en casas con techo de paja o con paredes con grietas\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Chagas?\nAl principio, puede no haber síntomas. Algunas personas tienen síntomas leves, como:\n• Fiebre\n• Fatiga\n• Dolor de cuerpo\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Pérdida de apetito\n• Diarrea\n• Vómitos\n• Sarpullido\n• Párpado hinchado\nEn general, estos primeros síntomas desaparecen. Sin embargo, si no trata la infección, ésta permanece en el cuerpo. Más tarde, puede causar graves problemas intestinales y cardíacos como:\n• Arritmia severa (un problema con el ritmo o los latidos del corazón) que puede causar muerte súbita\n• Corazón agrandado que no bombea sangre bien\n• Problemas con la digestión y evacuación de las heces\n• Mayor probabilidad de derrame cerebral\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Chagas?\nPara saber si tiene enfermedad de Chagas, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo acerca de sus síntomas y dónde ha vivido y viajado\n• Hacer un análisis de sangre para la enfermedad de Chagas\n• Hacer pruebas para ver si la enfermedad ha afectado los intestinos y el corazón\n¿Cómo se trata la enfermedad de Chagas?\nLos medicamentos pueden matar al parásito, especialmente al principio. También se pueden tratar los problemas relacionados, por ejemplo, un marcapasos ayuda con algunas complicaciones cardíacas.\n¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad de Chagas?\nNo existen vacunas o medicamentos para prevenir la enfermedad de Chagas. Si viaja a zonas afectadas, usted está en mayor riesgo si duerme al aire libre o en viviendas en mala condición. Es importante usar insecticidas para prevenir las picaduras, y la práctica de la seguridad con los alimentos.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chagasdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0049","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"toxoplasmosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/toxoplasmosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B58","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء المقوسات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplazmóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοξοπλάσμωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टॉक्सोप्लाज़्मोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplazmózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"トキソプラズマ症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"톡소포자충증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toksoplazmoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplasmose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Токсоплазмоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Toxoplazmóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Toksoplazmoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Токсоплазмоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"弓形虫病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Toxoplasmosis","text":"Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. More than 60 million people in the U.S. have the parasite. Most of them don't get sick. But the parasite causes serious problems for some people. These include people with weak immune systems and babies whose mothers become infected for the first time during pregnancy. Problems can include damage to the brain, eyes, and other organs.\nYou can get toxoplasmosis from :\n• Waste from an infected cat\n• Eating contaminated meat that is raw or not well cooked\n• Using utensils or cutting boards after they've had contact with contaminated raw meat\n• Drinking infected water\n• Receiving an infected organ transplant or blood transfusion\nMost people with toxoplasmosis don't need treatment. There are drugs to treat it for pregnant women and people with weak immune systems.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Toxoplasmosis","text":"La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii. Más de 60 millones de personas en Estados Unidos tienen este parásito. La mayoría de ellas no se enferma. Pero el parásito causa serios problemas en algunas personas. Entre ellas se incluyen las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados y bebés de madres que contrajeron la infección durante el embarazo. Los problemas pueden incluir lesiones en el cerebro, los ojos y otros órganos.\nEs posible contagiarse con la toxoplasmosis por:\n• Excrementos de un gato infectado\n• Ingerir carne contaminada que esté cruda o poco cocida\n• Utilizar utensilios o tablas de cortar que estuvieron en contacto con carne cruda\n• Beber agua contaminada\n• Recibir un trasplante de órganos o una transfusión de sangre infectados\nLa mayoría de las personas con toxoplasmosis no necesitan tratamiento. Existen medicamentos para tratarla en el caso de las mujeres embarazadas o personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0050","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lice-head-body-and-pubic-lice","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lice-head-body-and-pubic-lice","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B85","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1G0Z","display":"Infestation by unknown or unspecified ectoparasite","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/793136270/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#793136270/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lice (head, body and pubic lice)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Păduchi (pediculoză)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"القمل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zavšivení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Läusebefall","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ψείρες (φθειρίαση)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Piojos (pediculosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Poux (pédiculose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"जूँ (पेडीकुलोसिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tetvesség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pidocchi (pediculosi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シラミ症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이 감염(머릿니, 사면발니)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wszawica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Piolhos (pediculose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Педикулёз (вши)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zavšivenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bitlenme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Педикульоз (воші)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"虱病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Head Lice","text":"What are head lice?\nHead lice are tiny insects that live on people's heads. Adult lice are about the size of sesame seeds. The eggs, called nits, are even smaller - about the size of a dandruff flake. Lice and nits are found on or near the scalp, most often at the neckline and behind the ears.\nHead lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are body lice and pubic lice. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.\nHow do head lice spread?\nLice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They spread by close person-to-person contact. Rarely, they can spread through sharing personal belongings such as hats or hairbrushes. Personal hygiene and cleanliness have nothing to do with getting head lice. You also cannot get pubic lice from animals. Head lice do not spread disease.\nWho is at risk for head lice?\nChildren ages 3-11 and their families get head lice most often. This is because young children often have head-to-head contact while playing together.\nWhat are the symptoms of head lice?\nThe symptoms of head lice include:\n• Tickling feeling in the hair\n• Frequent itching, which is caused by an allergic reaction to the bites\n• Sores from scratching. Sometimes the sores can become infected with bacteria.\n• Trouble sleeping, because head lice are most active in the dark\nHow do you know if you have head lice?\nA diagnosis of head lice usually comes from seeing a louse or nit. Because they are very small and move quickly, you may need to use a magnifying lens and a fine-toothed comb to find lice or nits.\nWhat are the treatments for head lice?\nTreatments for head lice include both over-the-counter and prescription shampoos, creams, and lotions. If you want to use an over-the-counter treatment and you aren't sure which one to use or how to use one, ask your health care provider or pharmacist. You should also check with your health care provider first if you are pregnant or nursing, or if you want to use a treatment on a young child.\nFollow these steps when using a head lice treatment:\n• Apply the product according to the instructions. Only apply it to the scalp and the hair attached to the scalp. You should not use it on other body hair.\n• Use only one product at a time, unless your health care provider tells you to use two different kinds at once\n• Pay attention to what the instructions say about how long you should leave the medicine on the hair and on how you should rinse it out\n• After rinsing, use a fine-toothed comb or special \"nit comb\" to remove dead lice and nits\n• After each treatment, check your hair for lice and nits. You should comb your hair to remove nits and lice every 2-3 days. Do this for 2-3 weeks to be sure that all lice and nits are gone.\nAll household members and other close contacts should be checked and treated if necessary. If an over-the-counter treatment does not work for you, you can ask your health care provider for a prescription product.\nCan head lice be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to prevent the spread of lice. If you already have lice, besides treatment, you should:\n• Wash your clothes, bedding, and towels with hot water, and dry them using the hot cycle of the dryer\n• Soak your combs and brushes in hot water for 5-10 minutes\n• Vacuum the floor and furniture, particularly where you sat or lay\n• If there are items that you cannot wash, seal them in a plastic bag for two weeks\nTo prevent your children from spreading lice:\n• Teach children to avoid head-to-head contact during play and other activities\n• Teach children not to share clothing and other items that they put on their head, such as headphones, hair ties, and helmets\n• If your child has lice, be sure to check the policies at school and/or daycare. Your child may not be able to go back until the lice have been completely treated.\nThere is no clear scientific evidence that lice can be suffocated by home remedies, such as mayonnaise, olive oil, or similar substances. You also should not use kerosene or gasoline; they are dangerous and flammable.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Piojos de la cabeza","text":"¿Qué son los piojos?\nLos piojos son pequeños insectos que viven en la cabeza de las personas. Los piojos adultos tienen el tamaño de las semillas de sésamo. Los huevos, llamados liendres, son incluso más pequeños, aproximadamente del tamaño de una escama de caspa. Los piojos y las liendres se encuentran en el cuero cabelludo o cerca de él, con mayor frecuencia en la nuca y detrás de las orejas.\nLos piojos son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son piojos del cuerpo y ladillas. Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.\n¿Cómo se contagian los piojos?\nLos piojos se mueven arrastrándose, porque no pueden saltar ni volar. Se contagian a través del contacto cercano de persona a persona. En raras ocasiones, se pueden contagiar al compartir objetos personales como sombreros o cepillos para el cabello. La higiene personal y la limpieza no se relacionan con tener piojos. Tampoco puede contraer piojos de los animales. Los piojos no transmiten enfermedades.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener piojos?\nEn la mayoría de los casos, los piojos afectan a niños entre tres y 11 años y sus familias. Esto se debe a que los niños pequeños a menudo, tienen sus cabezas juntas mientras juegan.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los piojos?\nLos síntomas de los piojos incluyen:\n• Sensación de cosquilleo en la cabeza\n• Picazón frecuente, que es causada por una reacción alérgica a las picaduras\n• Llagas por rascarse. A veces las llagas pueden infectarse con bacterias\n• Problemas para dormir, porque los piojos son más activos en la oscuridad\n¿Cómo saber si tiene piojos?\nEn general, el diagnóstico de piojos se obtiene al ver un piojo o liendre en la cabeza. Debido a que son muy pequeños y se mueven rápidamente, es posible que necesite usar una lupa y un peine de dientes finos para encontrar piojos o liendres.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los piojos?\nLos tratamientos para los piojos incluyen champús, cremas y lociones de venta libre o con receta médica. Si desea utilizar un tratamiento de venta libre y no está seguro de cuál usar o cómo usarlo, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico. También debe consultar con su proveedor de atención médica si está embarazada o amamantando, o si desea usar un tratamiento para un niño pequeño.\nSiga estos pasos cuando use un tratamiento para los piojos:\n• Aplique el producto según sus instrucciones. Aplíquelo solo al cuero cabelludo y al cabello de la cabeza. No debe usarlo en otro vello del cuerpo\n• Use solo un producto a la vez, a menos que su proveedor de atención médica le indique que use dos tipos diferentes a la vez\n• Preste atención a las instrucciones sobre cuánto tiempo debe dejar el medicamento en el cabello y cómo debe enjuagarlo\n• Después del enjuague, use un peine de dientes finos o un peine especial para liendres para quitar los piojos y liendres muertos\n• Después de cada tratamiento, revise su cabeza para ver si quedaron piojos y liendres. Debe peinarse para eliminar las liendres y los piojos cada dos o tres días. Haga esto durante dos a tres semanas para asegurarse de que todos los piojos y las liendres hayan desaparecido\nTodos las personas que viven en el hogar y otros miembros cercanos deben ser revisados y tratados si es necesario. Si un tratamiento de venta libre no le funciona, puede pedirle a su proveedor de atención médica un producto con receta.\n¿Cómo se pueden prevenir los piojos?\nExisten pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la propagación de piojos. Si ya tiene piojos, además del tratamiento, debe:\n• Lavar su ropa, ropa de cama y toallas con agua caliente y séquelas usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora\n• Remoje sus peines y cepillos en agua caliente durante cinco a 10 minutos\n• Aspire el piso y los muebles, particularmente donde se sentó o se acostó\n• Si hay artículos que no puede lavar, séllelos en una bolsa de plástico durante dos semanas\nPara evitar que sus hijos propaguen piojos:\n• Enseñe a los niños a evitar el contacto cabeza con cabeza cuando jueguen o hagan otras actividades\n• Enseñe a los niños a no compartir ropa y otros artículos que se pongan en la cabeza, como auriculares, amarres para el pelo y cascos\n• Si su hijo tiene piojos, verifique las políticas en la escuela y/o guardería. Es posible que su hijo no pueda asistir hasta que los piojos hayan sido tratados por completo\nNo hay evidencia científica clara de que los piojos puedan sofocarse con remedios caseros, como la mayonesa, el aceite de oliva o sustancias similares. Tampoco debe usar kerosene o gasolina, son peligrosos e inflamables.\nCentros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0051","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"scabies","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/scabies","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B86","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Scabies","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sarna","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Scabie (râie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الجرب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Svrab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krätze (Skabies)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ψώρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खुजली (स्केबीज़)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rühesség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Scabbia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"疥癬","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"옴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Świerzb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sarna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Чесотка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Svrab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Uyuz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Короста","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"疥疮","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Scabies","text":"Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei. It is common all over the world, and can affect anyone. Scabies spreads quickly in crowded conditions where there is frequent skin-to-skin contact between people. Hospitals, child-care centers, and nursing homes are examples. Scabies can easily infect sex partners and other household members. Sharing clothes, towels, and bedding can sometimes spread scabies. This can happen much more easily when the infested person has crusted scabies. You cannot get scabies from a pet. Pets get a different mite infection called mange.\nSymptoms are:\n• Pimple-like irritations or a rash\n• Intense itching, especially at night\n• Sores caused by scratching\nYour health care provider diagnoses scabies by looking at the skin rash and finding burrows in the skin.\nSeveral lotions are available to treat scabies. The infected person's clothes, bedding and towels should be washed in hot water and dried in a hot dryer. Treatment is also recommended for household members and sexual partners.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sarna","text":"La sarna es un cuadro que causa picazón en la piel provocada por el ácaro microscópico Sarcoptes scabei. Es común en todo el mundo y afecta a las personas de todas las razas y clases sociales. La sarna se disemina rápidamente en lugares con mucha gente en los que hay contacto frecuente con la piel de otras personas. Los hospitales, los centros de cuidado infantil y las residencias para personas mayores y convalecientes (también llamados establecimientos de cuidados especializados de enfermería o centro de cuidados prolongados) son algunos ejemplos. La sarna puede infectar fácilmente a las parejas sexuales y otros familiares en casa. Compartir ropa, toallas y sábanas también puede diseminarla. Las mascotas no diseminan la sarna. Las mascotas adquieren un tipo diferente de infección llamada sarna animal.\nLos síntomas son:\n• Irritación o erupción parecida a las espinillas\n• Picazón intensa, especialmente durante la noche\n• Llagas causadas por rascarse\nSu proveedor de cuidados de salud puede diagnosticar la sarna observando el sarpullido y los pequeños túneles que dejan los ácaros en la piel.\nExisten varias lociones disponibles para tratar la sarna. La ropa, las sábanas y las toallas de la persona infectada deberán lavarse en agua caliente y secarse en una secadora con calor. Este tratamiento se recomienda también para las otras personas que viven en el hogar y para las parejas íntimas.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0052","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"after-effects-of-polio","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/after-effects-of-polio","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B91","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1G83","display":"Sequelae of poliomyelitis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/270343310","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#270343310"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sequelae of poliomyelitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"After-effects of polio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sechele de poliomielită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عقابيل شلل الأطفال","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Následky poliomyelitidy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Folgen der Poliomyelitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μετά-πολιομυελιτικά κατάλοιπα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Secuelas de poliomielitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Séquelles de poliomyélite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पोलियो के बाद के प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A gyermekbénulás késői következményei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Postumi di poliomielite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ポリオ後遺症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소아마비 후유증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Następstwa polio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sequelas de poliomielite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Последствия полиомиелита","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Následky poliomyelitídy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çocuk felci sekelleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Наслідки поліомієліту","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脊髓灰质炎后遗症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome","text":"What is polio?\nPolio, or poliomyelitis, is a disease that spreads from person to person. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus attacks the nervous system. In serious cases, it can cause paralysis (where you can't move parts of the body). The paralysis may be lifelong and can sometimes be life-threatening.\nBecause of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States. But polio does occur in some parts of the world, and travelers can spread the virus.\nHow does polio spread?\nThe poliovirus is very contagious. It spreads through contact with:\n• The stool (poop) of person who has the infection\n• Droplets from a sneeze or cough of someone who has the infection\nThis contact can happen if:\n• You get contaminated stool or droplets on your hands and then touch your mouth\n• A child puts contaminated toys or other objects into their mouth\n• You share food or utensils with someone who has the infection\nPeople who have the infection can spread it to others just before and up to several weeks after the symptoms appear. People who don't have symptoms can still spread the virus to others and make them sick.\nWho is more likely to develop polio?\nPolio mainly affects children under age 5. But people of any age (including adults) who are unvaccinated are at risk of developing polio. People who live in or travel to areas where there is polio are more likely to get polio.\nWhat are the symptoms of polio?\nMost people who get infected with poliovirus do not have any symptoms. But one out of four people who get polio will have flu-like symptoms. These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days, and they include:\n• Sore throat\n• Fever\n• Fatigue\n• Nausea\n• Headache\n• Stomach pain\nIn rare cases, polio can be very serious. It can lead to:\n• Meningitis, an infection of the covering of your spinal cord and/or brain.\n• Weakness or paralysis in your arms, legs, or both. This paralysis or weakness can last a lifetime. It is possible for the paralysis to become life-threatening if it affects the muscles that you use to breathe.\n• Post-polio syndrome (PPS), which happens later in life.\nWhat is post-polio syndrome (PPS)?\nPost-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious.\nPeople who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include:\n• Muscle weakness\n• Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles)\n• Loss of muscle function\n• Mental and physical fatigue\n• Joint pain\n• Curving of the spine (scoliosis)\nPPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life.\nHow is polio diagnosed?\nIf you think you or someone in your family has symptoms of polio, call your healthcare provider right away or go to an emergency room.\nTo find out if you or your child has polio, the provider:\n• Will do a physical exam.\n• Will take a detailed medical history, including your vaccination history and history of any recent travel.\n• Will collect samples of body fluids, such as stool, saliva, blood, urine, and spinal fluid. Poliovirus is most likely to be detected in stool specimens.\n• May do an MRI to look at pictures of the spinal cord.\nWhat are the treatments for polio and post-polio syndrome (PPS)?\nThere is no cure or specific treatment for polio. For a mild case, getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids may help with some of the symptoms.\nIf the polio is more serious, you or your child may need:\n• Physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. The earlier therapy is started, the better.\n• Pain relievers to help with pain and treat fever. If your child is sick, do not give them aspirin unless their provider tells you to.\n• A ventilator to help with breathing if the breathing muscles are weak or paralyzed.\nThere is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include:\n• Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you.\n• Mobility aids.\n• Ventilation equipment.\n• Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.\nCan polio be prevented?\nThere are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio:\n• Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on how old you are. Since 2000, this has been the only polio vaccine used in the United States.\n• Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is given as drops in the mouth. It is still used throughout much of the world.\nChildren in the United States get four doses of PV as part of their routine childhood immunizations. Most adults in the United States were vaccinated against polio as children.\nThere is a one-time IPV booster. It may be given to adults who have completed their polio vaccinations but are at higher risk of contact with poliovirus. You may be at higher risk if you are:\n• Traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater\n• Working in a laboratory or healthcare setting and handling samples that might contain polioviruses\n• A healthcare worker who has contact with patients who could have polio\nAnother way to help prevent the spread of polio is to wash your hands often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers will not kill poliovirus.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Polio y síndrome de post-polio","text":"¿Qué es la poliomielitis?\nLa poliomielitis, o polio, es una enfermedad que se transmite de persona a persona. Es causada por el poliovirus. Este virus ataca el sistema nervioso. En casos graves, puede causar parálisis (no es posible mover partes del cuerpo). La parálisis puede durar toda la vida y, en ocasiones, poner en riesgo la vida.\nGracias a las vacunas, la poliomielitis es rara en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, ocurre en algunas partes del mundo y los viajeros pueden propagar el virus.\n¿Cómo se propaga la poliomielitis?\nEl poliovirus es muy contagioso. Se propaga a través del contacto con:\n• Heces de la persona con la infección\n• Gotas de un estornudo o tos de alguien con la infección\nEste contacto puede ocurrir si:\n• Tiene heces o gotitas contaminadas en sus manos y luego se toca la boca\n• Un niño se lleva a la boca juguetes u otros objetos contaminados\n• Comparte alimentos o utensilios con alguien que tiene la infección\nLas personas que tienen la infección pueden transmitirla a otros justo antes y hasta varias semanas después de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas sin síntomas aún pueden transmitir el virus a otros y enfermarlos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener polio?\nLa poliomielitis afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años. Pero personas de cualquier edad (incluidos los adultos) que no están vacunadas corren el riesgo de contraerla. Las personas que viven o viajan a áreas donde hay polio tienen más probabilidades de contraerla.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la poliomielitis?\nLa mayoría de las personas que se infectan con el poliovirus no presentan síntomas. Pero 1 de cada 4 personas que contraen polio tendrá síntomas similares a los de la gripe. Estos síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 5 días e incluyen:\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Fiebre\n• Fatiga\n• Náuseas\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Dolor de estómago\nEn casos raros, la poliomielitis puede ser muy grave. Puede causar:\n• Meningitis: Infección de la cubierta de su médula espinal y/o cerebro\n• Debilidad o parálisis en sus brazos, piernas o ambos: Esta parálisis o debilidad puede durar toda la vida. Es posible que se convierta en una amenaza para la vida si afecta los músculos que usa para respirar\n• Síndrome pospolio: Ocurre más adelante en la vida\n¿Qué es el síndrome post-polio?\nEl síndrome post-polio (SPP) es un problema que afecta a los sobrevivientes de polio muchos años después de que se recuperaron de la afección. Suele ocurrir 15-40 años después. No es contagioso.\nLas personas que contraen síndrome post-polio comienzan a tener un nuevo debilitamiento en los músculos que anteriormente se vieron afectados por la infección de polio. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:\n• Debilidad muscular\n• Atrofia muscular (desgaste de los músculos)\n• Pérdida de la función muscular\n• Fatiga mental y física\n• Dolor en las articulaciones\n• Curvatura de la columna (escoliosis)\nEl síndrome post-polio rara vez puede ser mortal, pero los síntomas pueden interferir con su vida diaria.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la poliomielitis?\nSi cree que usted o alguien de su familia tiene síntomas de polio, llame a su profesional de la salud de inmediato o vaya a la sala de emergencias.\nPara saber si usted o su hijo tienen polio, el profesional de la salud puede:\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Detallar su historia clínica, incluyendo el historial de vacunación y de cualquier viaje reciente\n• Recolectar muestras de fluidos corporales, como heces, saliva, sangre, orina y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Es más probable que el poliovirus se detecte en muestras de heces\n• Hacer una resonancia magnética para observar imágenes de la médula espinal\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la polio y el síndrome post-polio?\nNo hay cura ni tratamiento específico para la poliomielitis. Para un caso leve, descansar y beber muchos líquidos puede ayudar con algunos de los síntomas.\nSi la poliomielitis es más grave, es posible que usted o su hijo necesiten:\n• Terapia física u ocupacional para ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Cuanto antes se inicie la terapia, mejor\n• Analgésicos para aliviar el dolor y tratar la fiebre. Si su hijo está enfermo, no le dé aspirina a menos que su proveedor se lo indique\n• Un ventilador para ayudar con la respiración si los músculos respiratorios están débiles o paralizados\nNo hay cura para el síndrome post-polio. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas, incluyendo:\n• Ejercicios sin fatiga (ejercicios que no causan dolor o fatiga que dure más de 10 minutos): Pueden mejorar la fuerza muscular y reducir el cansancio. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudar a determinar qué ejercicios son mejores para usted\n• Asistencia para la movilidad\n• Equipos de ventilación\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como seguir una dieta saludable, dormir lo suficiente y no fumar\n¿Se puede prevenir la poliomielitis?\nHay dos tipos de vacunas que pueden prevenir la poliomielitis:\n• Vacuna de poliovirus inactivado: Se aplica como inyección en la pierna o el brazo, según la edad que tenga. Desde el año 2000, esta ha sido la única vacuna contra la poliomielitis utilizada en los EE. UU.\n• Vacuna oral contra el poliovirus: Se administra en forma de gotas en la boca. Todavía se usa en gran parte del mundo\nLos niños en los EE. UU. reciben cuatro dosis de vacunas contra la polio como parte de su inmunización infantil de rutina. La mayoría de los adultos en los Estados Unidos fueron vacunados contra la poliomielitis cuando eran niños.\nHay un refuerzo de dosis única de vacuna de poliovirus inactivado. Se puede administrar a adultos que han completado sus vacunas contra la poliomielitis pero que tienen un mayor riesgo de contacto con el poliovirus. Puede tener un mayor riesgo si:\n• Viaja a un país donde el riesgo de contraer polio es mayor\n• Trabaja en un laboratorio o entorno de atención médica y manipula muestras que podrían contener poliovirus\n• Es un trabajador de la salud que tiene contacto con pacientes que podrían tener polio\nOtra forma de ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la poliomielitis es lavarse las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no matan el poliovirus.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0053","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"after-effects-of-leprosy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/after-effects-of-leprosy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"B92","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1G82","display":"Sequelae of leprosy","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1689275505","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1689275505"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sequelae of leprosy","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"After-effects of leprosy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sechele de lepră","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عقابيل الجذام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Následky lepry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Folgen der Lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κατάλοιπα λέπρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Secuelas de lepra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Séquelles de lèpre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कुष्ठ रोग के बाद के प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A lepra késői következményei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Postumi di lebbra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ハンセン病後遺症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"한센병 후유증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Następstwa trądu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sequelas de hanseníase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Последствия лепры","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Následky lepry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Cüzam sekelleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Наслідки лепри","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"麻风后遗症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mycobacterial Infections","text":"Mycobacteria are a type of germ. There are many different kinds. The most common one causes tuberculosis. Another one causes leprosy. Still others cause infections that are called atypical mycobacterial infections. They aren't \"typical\" because they don't cause tuberculosis. But they can still harm people, especially people with other problems that affect their immunity, such as AIDS.\nSometimes you can have these infections with no symptoms at all. At other times, they can cause lung symptoms similar to tuberculosis:\n• Cough\n• Weight loss\n• Coughing up blood or mucus\n• Weakness or fatigue\n• Fever and chills\n• Night sweats\n• Lack of appetite and weight loss\nMedicines can treat these infections, but often more than one is needed to cure the infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por micobacterias","text":"Las micobacterias son un tipo de gérmen. Hay varios tipos. El más común causa la tuberculosis Otro causa la lepra. Y otros causan infecciones llamadas infecciones por micobacterias atípicas. No son \"típicas\" porque no causan tuberculosis, pero pueden provocar daño, sobre todo a personas con problemas inmunitarios, como el sida.\nA veces, usted puede tener estas infecciones pero no tener síntomas. En otras ocasiones, puede tener síntomas en los pulmones similares a los de la tuberculosis:\n• Tos\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Tos con sangre o mucosidad\n• Cansancio y fatiga\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Transpiración de noche\n• Falta de apetito\nEstas infecciones se pueden tratar con medicamentos, pero varias veces se necesita más de uno.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mycobacterialinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0054","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"parotid-gland-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/parotid-gland-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C07","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B67.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of parotid gland, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1640200163/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1640200163/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Parotid gland cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de glandă parotidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الغدة النكفية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zhoubný nádor příušní žlázy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ohrspeicheldrüsenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της παρωτίδας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de glándula parótida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la glande parotide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैरोटिड ग्रंथि का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fültőmirigy-rák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore maligno della parotide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"耳下腺がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이하선암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak ślinianki przyusznej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da glândula parótida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак околоушной слюнной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zhubný nádor príušnej žľazy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Parotis bezi kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак привушної слинної залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腮腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Salivary Gland Cancer","text":"Your salivary glands make saliva - sometimes called spit - and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs.\nSalivary gland cancer is a type of head and neck cancer. It is rare. It may not cause any symptoms, or you could notice:\n• A lump in your ear, cheek, jaw, lip, or inside the mouth\n• Fluid draining from your ear\n• Trouble swallowing or opening the mouth widely\n• Numbness, weakness, or pain in your face\nDoctors diagnose salivary gland cancer using a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. Treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de la glándulas salivales","text":"Sus glándulas salivales producen saliva y la deposita en la boca a través de unas aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva hace que la comida se humedezca, lo que ayuda a masticar y a tragar. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia su boca y contiene anticuerpos que matan gérmenes.\nEl cáncer de la glándula salival es un tipo de cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Es poco común. Puede que no cause ningún síntoma o usted puede notar:\n• Un bulto en su oreja, mejilla, mandíbula, labio o dentro de la boca\n• Líquido que drena de su oreja\n• Problemas para tragar o para abrir grande su boca\n• Entumecimiento, debilidad o dolor en su cara\nLos médicos diagnostican el cáncer de glándulas salivales usando un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. El tratamiento puede incluir cirugía, radiación y/o quimioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0055","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"salivary-gland-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/salivary-gland-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C08","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Salivary gland cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de glande salivare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الغدد اللعابية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zhoubný nádor slinných žláz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Speicheldrüsenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος σιελογόνων αδένων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de glándulas salivales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des glandes salivaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लार ग्रंथि का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nyálmirigyrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore maligno delle ghiandole salivari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"唾液腺がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"침샘암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak ślinianek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro das glândulas salivares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак слюнных желёз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zhubný nádor slinných žliaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tükürük bezi kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак слинних залоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"唾液腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Salivary Gland Cancer","text":"Your salivary glands make saliva - sometimes called spit - and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs.\nSalivary gland cancer is a type of head and neck cancer. It is rare. It may not cause any symptoms, or you could notice:\n• A lump in your ear, cheek, jaw, lip, or inside the mouth\n• Fluid draining from your ear\n• Trouble swallowing or opening the mouth widely\n• Numbness, weakness, or pain in your face\nDoctors diagnose salivary gland cancer using a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. Treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de la glándulas salivales","text":"Sus glándulas salivales producen saliva y la deposita en la boca a través de unas aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva hace que la comida se humedezca, lo que ayuda a masticar y a tragar. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia su boca y contiene anticuerpos que matan gérmenes.\nEl cáncer de la glándula salival es un tipo de cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Es poco común. Puede que no cause ningún síntoma o usted puede notar:\n• Un bulto en su oreja, mejilla, mandíbula, labio o dentro de la boca\n• Líquido que drena de su oreja\n• Problemas para tragar o para abrir grande su boca\n• Entumecimiento, debilidad o dolor en su cara\nLos médicos diagnostican el cáncer de glándulas salivales usando un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. El tratamiento puede incluir cirugía, radiación y/o quimioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0056","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"oesophageal-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/oesophageal-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C15","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B70.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of oesophagus, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/669033105/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#669033105/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Oesophageal cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer esofagian","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المريء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina jícnu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Speiseröhrenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του οισοφάγου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de esófago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'œsophage","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ग्रासनली का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nyelőcsőrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dell'esofago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"食道がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"식도암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak przełyku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do esófago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак пищевода","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina pažeráka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yemek borusu kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак стравоходу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"食管癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Esophageal Cancer","text":"The esophagus is a hollow tube that carries food and liquids from your throat to your stomach. Early esophageal cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Later, you may have symptoms such as:\n• Painful or difficult swallowing\n• Weight loss\n• A hoarse voice or cough that doesn't go away\nYou're at greater risk for getting esophageal cancer if you smoke, drink heavily, or have acid reflux. Your risk also goes up as you age\nYour doctor uses imaging tests and a biopsy to diagnose esophageal cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. You might also need nutritional support, since the cancer or treatment may make it hard to swallow.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de esófago","text":"El esófago es un tubo hueco que transporta los alimentos y los líquidos desde la garganta hasta el estómago. El cáncer de esófago en sus estadios tempranos no suele causar síntomas. Más adelante puede causar:\n• Dolor o dificultad para tragar\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Voz ronca o tos que no cesa\nUna persona está a mayor riesgo de este cáncer si fuma, toma mucho alcohol o tiene reflujo de ácido estomacal. El riesgo aumenta con los años.\nSu profesional de la salud usará pruebas de imágenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de esófago. El tratamiento incluye cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia. Es posible que también necesite apoyo nutricional, ya que el cáncer o su tratamiento pueden hacer difícil tragar los alimentos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0057","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"stomach-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/stomach-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C16","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B72.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of stomach, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1397617262/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1397617262/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Stomach cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer gastric","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المعدة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina žaludku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Magenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του στομάχου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de estómago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'estomac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gyomorrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dello stomaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胃がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"위암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak żołądka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do estômago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак желудка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina žalúdka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mide kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак шлунка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胃癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Stomach Cancer","text":"The stomach is an organ between the esophagus and the small intestine. It mixes food with stomach acid and helps digest protein. Stomach cancer mostly affects older people - two-thirds of people who have it are over age 65. Your risk of getting it is also higher if you:\n• Have had a Helicobacter pylori infection\n• Have had stomach inflammation\n• Are a man\n• Eat lots of salted, smoked, or pickled foods\n• Smoke cigarettes\n• Have a family history of stomach cancer\nIt is hard to diagnose stomach cancer in its early stages. Indigestion and stomach discomfort can be symptoms of early cancer, but other problems can cause the same symptoms. In advanced cases, there may be blood in your stool, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, or trouble swallowing. Doctors diagnose stomach cancer with a physical exam, blood and imaging tests, an endoscopy, and a biopsy.\nBecause it is often found late, it can be hard to treat stomach cancer. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de estómago","text":"El estómago es un órgano que se ubica entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. Mezcla los alimentos con el ácido estomacal y ayuda a digerir las proteínas. El cáncer de estómago afecta principalmente a las personas mayores, dos tercios de las personas con este tipo de cáncer es mayor de 65 años. El riesgo de padecer cáncer de estómago aumenta si:\n• Tiene una infección por Helicobacter pylori\n• Ha tenido inflamación del estómago\n• Es hombre\n• Come abundantes alimentos salados, ahumados o encurtidos\n• Fuma cigarrillos\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer de estómago\nEs difícil diagnosticar el cáncer de estómago en sus primeras etapas. La indigestión y la molestia estomacal pueden ser síntomas de una etapa temprana del cáncer, pero otros problemas también pueden causar los mismos síntomas. En los casos avanzados, puede haber sangre en las heces, vómitos, pérdida de peso inexplicable, ictericia o dificultades para tragar. Los médicos diagnostican el cáncer de estómago con un examen físico, pruebas de sangre y de imagen, una endoscopia y una biopsia.\nDado que con frecuencia se diagnostica tarde, puede ser difícil de tratar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de éstas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0048","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0082","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0275","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0340","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0350","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0370","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0058","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"small-intestine-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/small-intestine-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C17","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Small intestine cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al intestinului subțire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الأمعاء الدقيقة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina tenkého střeva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dünndarmkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του λεπτού εντέρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de intestino delgado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'intestin grêle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"छोटी आंत का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vékonybélrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dell'intestino tenue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"小腸がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소장암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak jelita cienkiego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do intestino delgado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак тонкой кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina tenkého čreva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnce bağırsak kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак тонкої кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"小肠癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Intestinal Cancer","text":"Your small intestine is part of your digestive system. It is a long tube that connects your stomach to your large intestine. Intestinal cancer is rare, but eating a high-fat diet or having Crohn's disease, celiac disease, or a history of colonic polyps can increase your risk.\nPossible signs of small intestine cancer include:\n• Abdominal pain\n• Weight loss for no reason\n• Blood in the stool\n• A lump in the abdomen\nImaging tests that create pictures of the small intestine and the area around it can help diagnose intestinal cancer and show whether it has spread.\nSurgery is the most common treatment. Additional options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de intestino","text":"El intestino delgado forma parte del sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo que conecta el estómago al intestino grueso. El cáncer intestinal es poco frecuente, pero las dietas ricas en grasas, la enfermedad de Crohn, la enfermedad celíaca y los antecedentes de pólipos en el colon pueden aumentar el riesgo.\nAlgunos síntomas posibles de cáncer del intestino delgado incluyen:\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Pérdida de peso sin razón\n• Presencia de sangre en las heces\n• Aparición de masas en el abdomen\nLos estudios con imágenes que muestran el intestino delgado y el área que lo rodea pueden ayudar a diagnosticar el cáncer de intestino y revelar si se diseminó.\nEl tratamiento más común es la cirugía. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de ambas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0059","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"colon-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/colon-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C18","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Colon cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de colon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان القولون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina tlustého střeva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dickdarmkrebs (Kolonkarzinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του παχέος εντέρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de colon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du côlon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बड़ी आंत (कोलन) का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vastagbélrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del colon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"結腸がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"결장암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak okrężnicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do cólon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак ободочной кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina hrubého čreva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kolon kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак ободової кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"结肠癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Colorectal Cancer","text":"What is colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the tissues of the colon or rectum. Your colon and rectum are part of your digestive system:\n• Your colon is the first and longest part of your large intestine. It absorbs water and some nutrients from foods. It also changes the leftover waste products into stool (poop).\n• Your rectum is the lower part of your large intestine. It's where your body stores stool.\nCancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer, and cancer that begins in the rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancer that affects either of these parts may also be called colorectal cancer.\nWhat causes colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer happens when there are changes in your genetic material (DNA). These changes are also called mutations or variants. Often, the genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer happen during your lifetime and the exact cause is unknown. But certain genetic changes that raise your risk for colorectal cancer are inherited, meaning that you are born with them.\nBesides genetics, other factors, including your lifestyle and the environment, can affect your risk of colorectal cancer.\nWho is more likely to develop colorectal cancer?\nAnyone can get colorectal cancer, but certain factors make you more likely to develop it:\n• Being older; your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you age.\n• Having a personal or family history of colorectal cancer.\n• Having a history of adenomas. Adenomas are colorectal polyps (growths) that look abnormal under a microscope or are 1 centimeter or larger. Adenomas are not cancer, but they can sometimes turn into cancer over time.\n• Having a genetic syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer).\n• Having chronic ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease for 8 years or more.\n• Having three or more alcoholic drinks per day.\n• Smoking cigarettes.\n• Being Black; Black people have an increased risk of colorectal cancer and death from colorectal cancer compared to other races.\n• Having obesity.\nWhat are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms, especially at first. If you do have symptoms, they could include:\n• A change in bowel habits that lasts more than a few days, such as:\n• Diarrhea\n• Constipation\n• Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely\n• Your stool is narrower or has a different shape than usual\n• Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool\n• Frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness, or cramps\n• Weight loss for no known reason\n• Fatigue\nWhat is screening for colorectal cancer and who needs it?\nBecause colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms at first, it's important to have screening tests for colorectal cancer. Screening tests look for signs of a disease before you have any symptoms. They can help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.\nMost experts recommend that start screenings at 45 and continue until at least age 75. People over 75 and those who are at high risk should talk to their providers about how often you need screening and what type of test they should get.\nThe types of tests include different stool tests and procedures such as colonoscopies and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Talk with your provider about how often you need screening and what type of test you should get.\nHow is colorectal cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms that could be caused by colorectal cancer or if your screening test results are abnormal, you may need to have more tests to find out if you have cancer. Possible tests include:\n• A physical exam.\n• A digital rectal exam. For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.\n• The tests that are also used for screening (colonoscopy, stool tests, etc.) and biopsy, if you have not already had them.\n• Other blood and tissue tests.\nWhat are the treatments for colorectal cancer?\nYour treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, how serious the cancer is, and which type of cancer you have.\nFor colon cancer, your treatment may include one or more of these options:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiofrequency ablation, a procedure that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells. The radio waves travel through electrodes (small devices that carry electricity).\n• Cryosurgery, a procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\nFor rectal cancer, your treatment may include one or more of these options:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Active surveillance, which means having regular tests to see if your rectal cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\nCan colorectal cancer be prevented?\nAvoiding the risk factors that you have control over may help prevent some cancers. That includes:\n• Not smoking\n• Limiting alcohol to under three drinks per day\n• Managing your weight\nThere are also other steps you can take to try to prevent colorectal cancer. They include:\n• Getting regular colorectal cancer screenings\n• Having polyps removed before they can become cancerous\n• Getting regular exercise","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer del colon y del recto","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer colorrectal?\nEl cáncer colorrectal es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos del colon o del recto. Su colon y recto son parte de su sistema digestivo:\n• El colon es la primera y más larga parte de su intestino grueso. Absorbe agua y algunos nutrientes de los alimentos. También convierte los productos de desecho sobrantes en heces (excremento)\n• El recto es la parte inferior de su intestino grueso. Es donde su cuerpo almacena las heces\nEl cáncer que comienza en el colon se llama cáncer de colon y el que comienza en el recto se llama cáncer de recto. El cáncer que afecta cualquiera de estas partes también puede llamarse cáncer colorrectal.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer colorrectal?\nEl cáncer colorrectal ocurre cuando hay cambios en su material genético (ADN). Estos cambios también se conocen como mutaciones o variantes. A menudo, los cambios genéticos que conducen al cáncer colorrectal ocurren durante la vida y se desconoce la causa exacta. Pero ciertos cambios genéticos que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal se heredan, es decir, usted nace con ellos.\nAdemás de la genética, otros factores, incluyendo su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente, pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal?\nCualquier persona puede tener cáncer colorrectal, pero ciertos factores aumentan su riesgo de desarrollarlo:\n• Ser mayor: Su riesgo de tener cáncer colorrectal aumenta a medida que envejece\n• Tener antecedentes personales o familiares de cáncer colorrectal\n• Tener antecedentes de adenomas: Estos son pólipos (crecimientos) colorrectales que se ven anormales bajo un microscopio o miden 1 centímetro o más. Los adenomas no son cáncer, pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer con el tiempo\n• Tener un síndrome genético como la poliposis adenomatosa familiar o síndrome de Lynch (cáncer colorrectal hereditario sin poliposis)\n• Tener colitis ulcerosa crónica o enfermedad de Crohn durante 8 años o más\n• Tomar 3 o más bebidas alcohólicas al día\n• Fumar\n• Ser afrodescendiente: Las personas de raza negra tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y de muerte por cáncer colorrectal en comparación con otras razas\n• Tener obesidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer colorrectal?\nEs posible que el cáncer colorrectal no siempre cause síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si tiene síntomas, podrían incluir:\n• Un cambio en los hábitos intestinales que dura más de unos pocos días, como:\n• Diarrea\n• Estreñimiento\n• Sensación de que el intestino no se vacía por completo\n• Sus heces son más delgadas o tienen una forma diferente a la habitual\n• Sangre (ya sea de color rojo brillante o muy oscuro) en las heces\n• Dolores frecuentes por gases, hinchazón, plenitud o calambres\n• Pérdida de peso sin motivo aparente\n• Fatiga\n¿Qué es la detección del cáncer colorrectal y quién la necesita?\nDebido a que el cáncer colorrectal puede no causar síntomas al principio, es importante hacerse pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal. Estas pruebas buscan signos de una enfermedad antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Pueden ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.\nLa mayoría de los expertos recomiendan comenzar las pruebas de detección a los 45 años y continuar hasta al menos los 75 años. Los mayores de 75 años y quienes tienen un alto riesgo deben hablar con sus profesionales de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que deben hacerse pruebas de detección y qué tipo de prueba deben hacerse.\nLos tipos de pruebas incluyen diferentes análisis de heces y procedimientos como colonoscopias y sigmoidoscopia flexible. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que necesita exámenes de detección y qué tipo de prueba debe hacerse.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer colorrectal?\nSi tiene síntomas que podrían ser causados por cáncer colorrectal, o si los resultados de su prueba de detección son anormales, es posible que deba hacerse más exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer. Las posibles pruebas incluyen:\n• Examen físico\n• Examen rectal digital: Para esta prueba, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar bultos o cualquier cosa inusual\n• Las pruebas que también se utilizan para detección (colonoscopia, análisis de heces, etc.) y biopsia, si aún no se las ha hecho\n• Otras pruebas de sangre y tejido\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer colorrectal?\nEn general, sus opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su salud general, la gravedad del cáncer y el tipo de cáncer que tenga.\nPara el cáncer de colon, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:\n• Cirugía\n• Ablación por radiofrecuencia: Este procedimiento usa ondas de radio para calentar y destruir células anormales. Las ondas de radio viajan a través de electrodos (pequeños dispositivos que transportan electricidad)\n• Criocirugía: Procedimiento que se usa un líquido extremadamente frío o un instrumento llamado criosonda para congelar y destruir tejido anormal\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\nPara el cáncer de recto, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Vigilancia activa: Consiste en realizar pruebas periódicas para ver si el cáncer de recto ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer colorrectal?\nEvitar los factores de riesgo sobre los que tiene control puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer, incluyendo:\n• No fumar\n• Limitar el alcohol a menos de 3 bebidas por día\n• Controlar su peso\nTambién hay otras medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir el cáncer colorrectal, incluyendo:\n• Hacerse exámenes regulares de detección de cáncer colorrectal\n• Extirpar los pólipos antes de que se vuelvan cancerosos\n• Hacer ejercicio con regularidad","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0060","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cancer-of-the-rectosigmoid-junction","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cancer-of-the-rectosigmoid-junction","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C19","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B91.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of rectosigmoid junction, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/774170412/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#774170412/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cancer of the rectosigmoid junction","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al joncțiunii rectosigmoidiene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الوصل المستقيمي السيني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina rektosigmoideálního přechodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krebs am rektosigmoidalen Übergang","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της ορθοσιγμοειδούς συμβολής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de la unión rectosigmoidea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la jonction recto-sigmoïdienne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मलाशय-सिग्मॉइड जंक्शन का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A végbél-szigmabél átmenet rákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della giunzione retto-sigmoidea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"直腸S状部がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"직장구불결장 이행부암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak zgięcia esiczo-odbytniczego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da junção retossigmoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак ректосигмоидного соединения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina rektosigmoideálneho prechodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rektosigmoid bileşke kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак ректосигмоїдного з'єднання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"直肠乙状结肠交界处癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Colorectal Cancer","text":"What is colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the tissues of the colon or rectum. Your colon and rectum are part of your digestive system:\n• Your colon is the first and longest part of your large intestine. It absorbs water and some nutrients from foods. It also changes the leftover waste products into stool (poop).\n• Your rectum is the lower part of your large intestine. It's where your body stores stool.\nCancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer, and cancer that begins in the rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancer that affects either of these parts may also be called colorectal cancer.\nWhat causes colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer happens when there are changes in your genetic material (DNA). These changes are also called mutations or variants. Often, the genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer happen during your lifetime and the exact cause is unknown. But certain genetic changes that raise your risk for colorectal cancer are inherited, meaning that you are born with them.\nBesides genetics, other factors, including your lifestyle and the environment, can affect your risk of colorectal cancer.\nWho is more likely to develop colorectal cancer?\nAnyone can get colorectal cancer, but certain factors make you more likely to develop it:\n• Being older; your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you age.\n• Having a personal or family history of colorectal cancer.\n• Having a history of adenomas. Adenomas are colorectal polyps (growths) that look abnormal under a microscope or are 1 centimeter or larger. Adenomas are not cancer, but they can sometimes turn into cancer over time.\n• Having a genetic syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer).\n• Having chronic ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease for 8 years or more.\n• Having three or more alcoholic drinks per day.\n• Smoking cigarettes.\n• Being Black; Black people have an increased risk of colorectal cancer and death from colorectal cancer compared to other races.\n• Having obesity.\nWhat are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms, especially at first. If you do have symptoms, they could include:\n• A change in bowel habits that lasts more than a few days, such as:\n• Diarrhea\n• Constipation\n• Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely\n• Your stool is narrower or has a different shape than usual\n• Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool\n• Frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness, or cramps\n• Weight loss for no known reason\n• Fatigue\nWhat is screening for colorectal cancer and who needs it?\nBecause colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms at first, it's important to have screening tests for colorectal cancer. Screening tests look for signs of a disease before you have any symptoms. They can help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.\nMost experts recommend that start screenings at 45 and continue until at least age 75. People over 75 and those who are at high risk should talk to their providers about how often you need screening and what type of test they should get.\nThe types of tests include different stool tests and procedures such as colonoscopies and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Talk with your provider about how often you need screening and what type of test you should get.\nHow is colorectal cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms that could be caused by colorectal cancer or if your screening test results are abnormal, you may need to have more tests to find out if you have cancer. Possible tests include:\n• A physical exam.\n• A digital rectal exam. For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.\n• The tests that are also used for screening (colonoscopy, stool tests, etc.) and biopsy, if you have not already had them.\n• Other blood and tissue tests.\nWhat are the treatments for colorectal cancer?\nYour treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, how serious the cancer is, and which type of cancer you have.\nFor colon cancer, your treatment may include one or more of these options:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiofrequency ablation, a procedure that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells. The radio waves travel through electrodes (small devices that carry electricity).\n• Cryosurgery, a procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\nFor rectal cancer, your treatment may include one or more of these options:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Active surveillance, which means having regular tests to see if your rectal cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\nCan colorectal cancer be prevented?\nAvoiding the risk factors that you have control over may help prevent some cancers. That includes:\n• Not smoking\n• Limiting alcohol to under three drinks per day\n• Managing your weight\nThere are also other steps you can take to try to prevent colorectal cancer. They include:\n• Getting regular colorectal cancer screenings\n• Having polyps removed before they can become cancerous\n• Getting regular exercise","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer del colon y del recto","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer colorrectal?\nEl cáncer colorrectal es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos del colon o del recto. Su colon y recto son parte de su sistema digestivo:\n• El colon es la primera y más larga parte de su intestino grueso. Absorbe agua y algunos nutrientes de los alimentos. También convierte los productos de desecho sobrantes en heces (excremento)\n• El recto es la parte inferior de su intestino grueso. Es donde su cuerpo almacena las heces\nEl cáncer que comienza en el colon se llama cáncer de colon y el que comienza en el recto se llama cáncer de recto. El cáncer que afecta cualquiera de estas partes también puede llamarse cáncer colorrectal.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer colorrectal?\nEl cáncer colorrectal ocurre cuando hay cambios en su material genético (ADN). Estos cambios también se conocen como mutaciones o variantes. A menudo, los cambios genéticos que conducen al cáncer colorrectal ocurren durante la vida y se desconoce la causa exacta. Pero ciertos cambios genéticos que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal se heredan, es decir, usted nace con ellos.\nAdemás de la genética, otros factores, incluyendo su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente, pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal?\nCualquier persona puede tener cáncer colorrectal, pero ciertos factores aumentan su riesgo de desarrollarlo:\n• Ser mayor: Su riesgo de tener cáncer colorrectal aumenta a medida que envejece\n• Tener antecedentes personales o familiares de cáncer colorrectal\n• Tener antecedentes de adenomas: Estos son pólipos (crecimientos) colorrectales que se ven anormales bajo un microscopio o miden 1 centímetro o más. Los adenomas no son cáncer, pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer con el tiempo\n• Tener un síndrome genético como la poliposis adenomatosa familiar o síndrome de Lynch (cáncer colorrectal hereditario sin poliposis)\n• Tener colitis ulcerosa crónica o enfermedad de Crohn durante 8 años o más\n• Tomar 3 o más bebidas alcohólicas al día\n• Fumar\n• Ser afrodescendiente: Las personas de raza negra tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y de muerte por cáncer colorrectal en comparación con otras razas\n• Tener obesidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer colorrectal?\nEs posible que el cáncer colorrectal no siempre cause síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si tiene síntomas, podrían incluir:\n• Un cambio en los hábitos intestinales que dura más de unos pocos días, como:\n• Diarrea\n• Estreñimiento\n• Sensación de que el intestino no se vacía por completo\n• Sus heces son más delgadas o tienen una forma diferente a la habitual\n• Sangre (ya sea de color rojo brillante o muy oscuro) en las heces\n• Dolores frecuentes por gases, hinchazón, plenitud o calambres\n• Pérdida de peso sin motivo aparente\n• Fatiga\n¿Qué es la detección del cáncer colorrectal y quién la necesita?\nDebido a que el cáncer colorrectal puede no causar síntomas al principio, es importante hacerse pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal. Estas pruebas buscan signos de una enfermedad antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Pueden ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.\nLa mayoría de los expertos recomiendan comenzar las pruebas de detección a los 45 años y continuar hasta al menos los 75 años. Los mayores de 75 años y quienes tienen un alto riesgo deben hablar con sus profesionales de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que deben hacerse pruebas de detección y qué tipo de prueba deben hacerse.\nLos tipos de pruebas incluyen diferentes análisis de heces y procedimientos como colonoscopias y sigmoidoscopia flexible. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que necesita exámenes de detección y qué tipo de prueba debe hacerse.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer colorrectal?\nSi tiene síntomas que podrían ser causados por cáncer colorrectal, o si los resultados de su prueba de detección son anormales, es posible que deba hacerse más exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer. Las posibles pruebas incluyen:\n• Examen físico\n• Examen rectal digital: Para esta prueba, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar bultos o cualquier cosa inusual\n• Las pruebas que también se utilizan para detección (colonoscopia, análisis de heces, etc.) y biopsia, si aún no se las ha hecho\n• Otras pruebas de sangre y tejido\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer colorrectal?\nEn general, sus opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su salud general, la gravedad del cáncer y el tipo de cáncer que tenga.\nPara el cáncer de colon, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:\n• Cirugía\n• Ablación por radiofrecuencia: Este procedimiento usa ondas de radio para calentar y destruir células anormales. Las ondas de radio viajan a través de electrodos (pequeños dispositivos que transportan electricidad)\n• Criocirugía: Procedimiento que se usa un líquido extremadamente frío o un instrumento llamado criosonda para congelar y destruir tejido anormal\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\nPara el cáncer de recto, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Vigilancia activa: Consiste en realizar pruebas periódicas para ver si el cáncer de recto ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer colorrectal?\nEvitar los factores de riesgo sobre los que tiene control puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer, incluyendo:\n• No fumar\n• Limitar el alcohol a menos de 3 bebidas por día\n• Controlar su peso\nTambién hay otras medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir el cáncer colorrectal, incluyendo:\n• Hacerse exámenes regulares de detección de cáncer colorrectal\n• Extirpar los pólipos antes de que se vuelvan cancerosos\n• Hacer ejercicio con regularidad","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0061","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rectal-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rectal-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C20","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B92.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of rectum, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1113099195/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1113099195/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rectal cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer rectal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المستقيم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina konečníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mastdarmkrebs (Rektumkarzinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του ορθού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de recto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du rectum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मलाशय का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Végbélrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del retto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"直腸がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"직장암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak odbytnicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do reto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак прямой кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina konečníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rektum kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак прямої кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"直肠癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Colorectal Cancer","text":"What is colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the tissues of the colon or rectum. Your colon and rectum are part of your digestive system:\n• Your colon is the first and longest part of your large intestine. It absorbs water and some nutrients from foods. It also changes the leftover waste products into stool (poop).\n• Your rectum is the lower part of your large intestine. It's where your body stores stool.\nCancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer, and cancer that begins in the rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancer that affects either of these parts may also be called colorectal cancer.\nWhat causes colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer happens when there are changes in your genetic material (DNA). These changes are also called mutations or variants. Often, the genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer happen during your lifetime and the exact cause is unknown. But certain genetic changes that raise your risk for colorectal cancer are inherited, meaning that you are born with them.\nBesides genetics, other factors, including your lifestyle and the environment, can affect your risk of colorectal cancer.\nWho is more likely to develop colorectal cancer?\nAnyone can get colorectal cancer, but certain factors make you more likely to develop it:\n• Being older; your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you age.\n• Having a personal or family history of colorectal cancer.\n• Having a history of adenomas. Adenomas are colorectal polyps (growths) that look abnormal under a microscope or are 1 centimeter or larger. Adenomas are not cancer, but they can sometimes turn into cancer over time.\n• Having a genetic syndrome such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer).\n• Having chronic ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease for 8 years or more.\n• Having three or more alcoholic drinks per day.\n• Smoking cigarettes.\n• Being Black; Black people have an increased risk of colorectal cancer and death from colorectal cancer compared to other races.\n• Having obesity.\nWhat are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?\nColorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms, especially at first. If you do have symptoms, they could include:\n• A change in bowel habits that lasts more than a few days, such as:\n• Diarrhea\n• Constipation\n• Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely\n• Your stool is narrower or has a different shape than usual\n• Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool\n• Frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness, or cramps\n• Weight loss for no known reason\n• Fatigue\nWhat is screening for colorectal cancer and who needs it?\nBecause colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms at first, it's important to have screening tests for colorectal cancer. Screening tests look for signs of a disease before you have any symptoms. They can help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.\nMost experts recommend that start screenings at 45 and continue until at least age 75. People over 75 and those who are at high risk should talk to their providers about how often you need screening and what type of test they should get.\nThe types of tests include different stool tests and procedures such as colonoscopies and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Talk with your provider about how often you need screening and what type of test you should get.\nHow is colorectal cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms that could be caused by colorectal cancer or if your screening test results are abnormal, you may need to have more tests to find out if you have cancer. Possible tests include:\n• A physical exam.\n• A digital rectal exam. For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.\n• The tests that are also used for screening (colonoscopy, stool tests, etc.) and biopsy, if you have not already had them.\n• Other blood and tissue tests.\nWhat are the treatments for colorectal cancer?\nYour treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, how serious the cancer is, and which type of cancer you have.\nFor colon cancer, your treatment may include one or more of these options:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiofrequency ablation, a procedure that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells. The radio waves travel through electrodes (small devices that carry electricity).\n• Cryosurgery, a procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\nFor rectal cancer, your treatment may include one or more of these options:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Active surveillance, which means having regular tests to see if your rectal cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\nCan colorectal cancer be prevented?\nAvoiding the risk factors that you have control over may help prevent some cancers. That includes:\n• Not smoking\n• Limiting alcohol to under three drinks per day\n• Managing your weight\nThere are also other steps you can take to try to prevent colorectal cancer. They include:\n• Getting regular colorectal cancer screenings\n• Having polyps removed before they can become cancerous\n• Getting regular exercise","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer del colon y del recto","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer colorrectal?\nEl cáncer colorrectal es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos del colon o del recto. Su colon y recto son parte de su sistema digestivo:\n• El colon es la primera y más larga parte de su intestino grueso. Absorbe agua y algunos nutrientes de los alimentos. También convierte los productos de desecho sobrantes en heces (excremento)\n• El recto es la parte inferior de su intestino grueso. Es donde su cuerpo almacena las heces\nEl cáncer que comienza en el colon se llama cáncer de colon y el que comienza en el recto se llama cáncer de recto. El cáncer que afecta cualquiera de estas partes también puede llamarse cáncer colorrectal.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer colorrectal?\nEl cáncer colorrectal ocurre cuando hay cambios en su material genético (ADN). Estos cambios también se conocen como mutaciones o variantes. A menudo, los cambios genéticos que conducen al cáncer colorrectal ocurren durante la vida y se desconoce la causa exacta. Pero ciertos cambios genéticos que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal se heredan, es decir, usted nace con ellos.\nAdemás de la genética, otros factores, incluyendo su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente, pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal?\nCualquier persona puede tener cáncer colorrectal, pero ciertos factores aumentan su riesgo de desarrollarlo:\n• Ser mayor: Su riesgo de tener cáncer colorrectal aumenta a medida que envejece\n• Tener antecedentes personales o familiares de cáncer colorrectal\n• Tener antecedentes de adenomas: Estos son pólipos (crecimientos) colorrectales que se ven anormales bajo un microscopio o miden 1 centímetro o más. Los adenomas no son cáncer, pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer con el tiempo\n• Tener un síndrome genético como la poliposis adenomatosa familiar o síndrome de Lynch (cáncer colorrectal hereditario sin poliposis)\n• Tener colitis ulcerosa crónica o enfermedad de Crohn durante 8 años o más\n• Tomar 3 o más bebidas alcohólicas al día\n• Fumar\n• Ser afrodescendiente: Las personas de raza negra tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y de muerte por cáncer colorrectal en comparación con otras razas\n• Tener obesidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer colorrectal?\nEs posible que el cáncer colorrectal no siempre cause síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si tiene síntomas, podrían incluir:\n• Un cambio en los hábitos intestinales que dura más de unos pocos días, como:\n• Diarrea\n• Estreñimiento\n• Sensación de que el intestino no se vacía por completo\n• Sus heces son más delgadas o tienen una forma diferente a la habitual\n• Sangre (ya sea de color rojo brillante o muy oscuro) en las heces\n• Dolores frecuentes por gases, hinchazón, plenitud o calambres\n• Pérdida de peso sin motivo aparente\n• Fatiga\n¿Qué es la detección del cáncer colorrectal y quién la necesita?\nDebido a que el cáncer colorrectal puede no causar síntomas al principio, es importante hacerse pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal. Estas pruebas buscan signos de una enfermedad antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Pueden ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.\nLa mayoría de los expertos recomiendan comenzar las pruebas de detección a los 45 años y continuar hasta al menos los 75 años. Los mayores de 75 años y quienes tienen un alto riesgo deben hablar con sus profesionales de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que deben hacerse pruebas de detección y qué tipo de prueba deben hacerse.\nLos tipos de pruebas incluyen diferentes análisis de heces y procedimientos como colonoscopias y sigmoidoscopia flexible. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que necesita exámenes de detección y qué tipo de prueba debe hacerse.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer colorrectal?\nSi tiene síntomas que podrían ser causados por cáncer colorrectal, o si los resultados de su prueba de detección son anormales, es posible que deba hacerse más exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer. Las posibles pruebas incluyen:\n• Examen físico\n• Examen rectal digital: Para esta prueba, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar bultos o cualquier cosa inusual\n• Las pruebas que también se utilizan para detección (colonoscopia, análisis de heces, etc.) y biopsia, si aún no se las ha hecho\n• Otras pruebas de sangre y tejido\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer colorrectal?\nEn general, sus opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su salud general, la gravedad del cáncer y el tipo de cáncer que tenga.\nPara el cáncer de colon, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:\n• Cirugía\n• Ablación por radiofrecuencia: Este procedimiento usa ondas de radio para calentar y destruir células anormales. Las ondas de radio viajan a través de electrodos (pequeños dispositivos que transportan electricidad)\n• Criocirugía: Procedimiento que se usa un líquido extremadamente frío o un instrumento llamado criosonda para congelar y destruir tejido anormal\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\nPara el cáncer de recto, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Vigilancia activa: Consiste en realizar pruebas periódicas para ver si el cáncer de recto ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer colorrectal?\nEvitar los factores de riesgo sobre los que tiene control puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer, incluyendo:\n• No fumar\n• Limitar el alcohol a menos de 3 bebidas por día\n• Controlar su peso\nTambién hay otras medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir el cáncer colorrectal, incluyendo:\n• Hacerse exámenes regulares de detección de cáncer colorrectal\n• Extirpar los pólipos antes de que se vuelvan cancerosos\n• Hacer ejercicio con regularidad","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0062","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"anal-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/anal-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C21","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Anal cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer anal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الشرج","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina řitního otvoru","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Analkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του πρωκτού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de ano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'anus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुदा का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Végbélnyílás-rák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dell'ano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肛門がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"항문암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak odbytu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do ânus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак анального канала","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina konečníkového otvoru","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anüs kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак анального каналу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肛门癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Anal Cancer","text":"What is anal cancer?\nYour anus is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body. The anus is formed partly from your outer layers of skin and partly from your intestine. Anal cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the tissues of your anus.\nWho is more likely to develop anal cancer?\nAnyone can get anal cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:\n• You have an infection with high-risk HPV, especially if you have certain types. Most anal cancers are related to HPV infection.\n• Have a weakened immune system, from conditions such as HIV or because of medicines you need to take after an organ transplant.\n• Have had vulvar, vaginal, or cervical cancer.\n• Have many sexual partners.\n• Have anal sex.\n• Smoke cigarettes.\nWhat are the symptoms of anal cancer?\nThe signs and symptoms of anal cancer may include:\n• Bleeding from the anus or rectum\n• A lump near the anus\n• Pain or pressure in the area around the anus\n• Itching or discharge from the anus\n• A change in bowel habits, such as narrower stools, having to go more often, or bowel incontinence\nHow is anal cancer diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have anal cancer, your provider:\n• Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms.\n• Will ask about your family health history.\n• May do a digital rectal examination (DRE). A DRE is an exam of the anus and rectum. For the exam, your provider will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.\n• May order tests that examine the anus and rectum, such as:\n• An anoscopy, an exam of the anus and lower rectum using a short, lighted tube called an anoscope. There is also a type of anoscopy called a high-resolution anoscopy. It uses a special magnifying device called a colposcope along with the anoscope to view these areas.\n• A proctoscopy, a procedure to look inside the rectum and anus using a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens.\n• An endo-anal or endorectal ultrasound, a procedure in which an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum.\n• May do a biopsy during an anoscopy or proctoscopy.\nWhat are the treatments for anal cancer?\nThe treatments for anal cancer include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Which treatment you get will depend on how advanced the cancer is, your overall health, and your preferences.\nCan anal cancer be prevented?\nYou may be able to lower your risk of getting anal cancer by getting an HPV vaccine and not smoking. Contact your provider if you need help quitting smoking.\nIt is currently not known if using condoms can prevent anal HPV infections. But using latex condoms every time you have sex can help prevent HIV, a risk factor for anal cancer. And they also help prevent other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\nIf you are an adult with HIV, it's important to get an anal cancer screening every year. The screening checks for anything that seems unusual, such as lumps, burning, and precancer cells (cells that could turn into cancer). The screening will include a digital rectal exam. If anything unusual is found, you will have an anoscopy or high resolution anoscopy.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer del ano","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de ano?\nEl ano es el orificio al final de su intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces salen del cuerpo. El ano es formado en parte por las capas externas de piel y por el intestino. El cáncer anal es un tipo de cáncer que se forma en los tejidos del ano.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ano?\nCualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de ano, pero es más probable si:\n• Tiene una infección por VPH de alto riesgo, especialmente si tiene ciertos tipos. La mayoría de los casos de cáncer anal están relacionados con la infección por VPH\n• Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, debido a afecciones como el VIH o por medicamentos que debe tomar después de un trasplante de órgano\n• Ha tenido cáncer de vulva, vagina o cuello uterino\n• Tiene muchas parejas sexuales\n• Tiene sexo anal\n• Fuma cigarrillos\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer anal?\nLos signos y síntomas del cáncer anal pueden incluir:\n• Sangrado por el ano o el recto\n• Un bulto cerca del ano\n• Dolor o presión en el área alrededor del ano\n• Picazón o secreción del ano\n• Un cambio en los hábitos intestinales, como heces más estrechas, tener que defecar con más frecuencia o incontinencia fecal\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de ano?\nPara saber si tiene cáncer de ano, su profesional de la salud:\n• Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Consultará sobre sus antecedentes familiares de salud\n• Puede realizar un tacto rectal, un examen del ano y el recto. Para el examen, su proveedor insertará un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para detectar bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual\n• Puede solicitar pruebas que examinen el ano y el recto, como:\n• Anoscopia: Examen del ano y la parte inferior del recto utilizando un tubo corto y con una luz llamado anoscopio. También existe un tipo de examen llamada anoscopia de alta resolución. Utiliza un dispositivo de aumento especial llamado colposcopio junto con el anoscopio para observar estas áreas\n• Proctoscopia: Procedimiento para observar el interior del recto y el ano utilizando un instrumento delgado en forma de tubo con una luz y una lente\n• Ecografía endoanal o endorrectal: Procedimiento en el que se inserta una sonda de ultrasonido en el recto\n• Hacer una biopsia durante una anoscopia o proctoscopia\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de ano?\nLos tratamientos para el cáncer de ano incluyen radioterapia, quimioterapia y cirugía. El tratamiento que reciba dependerá de qué tan avanzado esté el cáncer, su salud general y sus preferencias.\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de ano?\nEs posible que pueda reducir su riesgo de contraer cáncer anal al vacunarse contra el VPH y no fumar. Consulte con su profesional de la salud si necesita ayuda para dejar de fumar.\nActualmente no se sabe si el uso de condones puede prevenir las infecciones anales por VPH. Pero usar condones de látex cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales puede ayudar a prevenir el VIH, un factor de riesgo de cáncer anal. También ayudan a prevenir otras infecciones de transmisión sexual. Si usted o su pareja son alérgicos al látex, puede usar condones de poliuretano.\nSi es un adulto con VIH, es importante hacerse una prueba de detección de cáncer de ano todos los años. La prueba busca cualquier cosa que parezca inusual, como bultos, ardor y células precancerosas (células que podrían convertirse en cáncer). La evaluación incluye un examen de tacto rectal. Si se encuentra algo inusual, se le realizará una anoscopia o una anoscopia de alta resolución.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0063","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"liver-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/liver-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C22","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Liver cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer hepatic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الكبد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina jater","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Leberkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του ήπατος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de hígado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du foie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"यकृत का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Májrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del fegato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肝がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"간암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak wątroby","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do fígado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак печени","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina pečene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karaciğer kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак печінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肝癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bile Duct Cancer","text":"Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your gallbladder stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.\nBile duct cancer is rare. It can happen in the parts of the bile ducts that are outside or inside the liver. Cancer of the bile duct outside of the liver is much more common. Risk factors include having inflammation of the bile duct, ulcerative colitis, and some liver diseases.\nSymptoms can include:\n• Jaundice\n• Itchy skin\n• Fever\n• Abdominal pain\nTests to diagnose bile duct cancer may include a physical exam, imaging tests of the liver and bile ducts, blood tests, and a biopsy.\nTreatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de los ductos biliares","text":"Su hígado produce un jugo digestivo llamado bilis. Su vesícula biliar la almacena entre comidas. Cuando come, la vesícula biliar empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Estos llevan la bilis al intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a descomponer las grasas. También ayuda al hígado a deshacerse de toxinas y desechos.\nEl cáncer de los ductos biliares es poco común. Puede ocurrir en las partes de los ductos biliares que están dentro o fuera del hígado. El cáncer de las ductos biliares afuera del hígado es mucho más común. Los factores de riesgo incluyen tener inflamación de los ductos biliares, colitis ulcerativa y algunas enfermedades del hígado.\nLos síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Ictericia\n• Picazón en la piel\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor abdominal\nLos exámenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de ductos biliares pueden incluir un examen físico, pruebas de imagen de los conductos hepáticos y biliares, análisis de sangre y una biopsia.\nEl tratamiento incluye cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0064","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"gallbladder-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/gallbladder-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C23","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C13.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of gallbladder, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/922082116/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#922082116/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gallbladder cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de vezică biliară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المرارة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina žlučníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gallenblasenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της χοληδόχου κύστης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de vesícula biliar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la vésicule biliaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पित्ताशय का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epehólyagrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della colecisti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胆のうがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"담낭암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak pęcherzyka żółciowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da vesícula biliar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак желчного пузыря","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina žlčníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Safra kesesi kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак жовчного міхура","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胆囊癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gallbladder Cancer","text":"Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.\nCancer of the gallbladder is rare. It is more common in women and Native Americans. Symptoms include\n• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)\n• Pain above the stomach\n• Fever\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Bloating\n• Lumps in the abdomen\nIt is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer in its early stages. Sometimes doctors find it when they remove the gallbladder for another reason. But people with gallstones rarely have gallbladder cancer. Because it is often found late, it can be hard to treat gallbladder cancer. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de la vesícula biliar","text":"La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicado debajo del hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado.\nEl cáncer de la vesícula biliar es muy poco común. Ocurre más frecuente en mujeres e indios norteamericanos. Los síntomas incluyen:\n• Ictericia (color amarillo de la piel y en las partes blancas de los ojos)\n• Dolor más arriba del estomago\n• Fiebre\n• Náuseas y vómitos\n• Hinchazón del abdomen\n• Nódulos en el abdomen\nEs difícil de detectar el cáncer de la vesícula en sus etapas tempranas. Los médicos suelen encontrarlo al extirpar la vesícula por causa de otra enfermedad. Las personas con cálculos en la vesícula biliar raramente presentan este cáncer. El cáncer de la vesícula puede ser difícil de tratar porque a menudo no se detecta hasta que ya se ha desarrollado. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de terapias.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0065","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bile-duct-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bile-duct-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C24","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C17.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of other or unspecified parts of biliary tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1159416016/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1159416016/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bile duct cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al căilor biliare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان القنوات الصفراوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina žlučových cest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gallengangskrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των χοληφόρων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de vías biliares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des voies biliaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पित्त नली का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epeúti rák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore delle vie biliari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胆道がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"담도암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak dróg żółciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro das vias biliares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак желчных протоков","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina žlčových ciest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Safra yolu kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак жовчних проток","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胆管癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bile Duct Cancer","text":"Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your gallbladder stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.\nBile duct cancer is rare. It can happen in the parts of the bile ducts that are outside or inside the liver. Cancer of the bile duct outside of the liver is much more common. Risk factors include having inflammation of the bile duct, ulcerative colitis, and some liver diseases.\nSymptoms can include:\n• Jaundice\n• Itchy skin\n• Fever\n• Abdominal pain\nTests to diagnose bile duct cancer may include a physical exam, imaging tests of the liver and bile ducts, blood tests, and a biopsy.\nTreatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de los ductos biliares","text":"Su hígado produce un jugo digestivo llamado bilis. Su vesícula biliar la almacena entre comidas. Cuando come, la vesícula biliar empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Estos llevan la bilis al intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a descomponer las grasas. También ayuda al hígado a deshacerse de toxinas y desechos.\nEl cáncer de los ductos biliares es poco común. Puede ocurrir en las partes de los ductos biliares que están dentro o fuera del hígado. El cáncer de las ductos biliares afuera del hígado es mucho más común. Los factores de riesgo incluyen tener inflamación de los ductos biliares, colitis ulcerativa y algunas enfermedades del hígado.\nLos síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Ictericia\n• Picazón en la piel\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor abdominal\nLos exámenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de ductos biliares pueden incluir un examen físico, pruebas de imagen de los conductos hepáticos y biliares, análisis de sangre y una biopsia.\nEl tratamiento incluye cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0066","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pancreatic-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pancreatic-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C25","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C10.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasm of pancreas, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/542147910/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#542147910/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pancreatic cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer pancreatic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان البنكرياس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina slinivky břišní","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του παγκρέατος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de páncreas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du pancréas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अग्नाशय का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hasnyálmirigyrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del pancreas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"膵臓がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"췌장암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak trzustki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do pâncreas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак поджелудочной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina podžalúdkovej žľazy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pankreas kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак підшлункової залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胰腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pancreatic Cancer","text":"The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces the juices that help break down food and the hormones that help control blood sugar levels. Pancreatic cancer usually begins in the cells that produce the juices. Some risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include:\n• Smoking\n• Long-term diabetes\n• Chronic pancreatitis\n• Certain hereditary disorders\nPancreatic cancer is hard to catch early. It doesn't cause symptoms right away. When you do get symptoms, they are often vague or you may not notice them. They include yellowing of the skin and eyes, pain in the abdomen and back, weight loss and fatigue. Also, because the pancreas is hidden behind other organs, health care providers cannot see or feel the tumors during routine exams. Doctors use a physical exam, blood tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose it.\nBecause it is often found late and it spreads quickly, pancreatic cancer can be hard to treat. Possible treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de páncreas","text":"El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. El cáncer de páncreas es la cuarta causa principal de muerte por cáncer en los Estados Unidos. Algunos factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de páncreas incluyen:\n• Fumar\n• Sufrir de diabetes por mucho tiempo\n• Pancreatitis crónica\n• Algunos trastornos hereditarios\nEl cáncer de páncreas es difícil de detectar con anticipación. No causa síntomas de inmediato. Cuando los síntomas aparecen, suelen ser vagos o imperceptibles. Incluyen una coloración amarillenta de la piel y los ojos, dolor en el abdomen y la espalda, pérdida de peso y fatiga. Además, como el páncreas está oculto detrás de otros órganos, los profesionales de la salud no pueden ver ni palpar los tumores en los exámenes de rutina. Para el diagnóstico, los doctores hacen un examen físico, pruebas de sangre, exámenes de imágenes y una biopsia.\nDado que frecuentemente se detecta tarde y se disemina rápidamente, el cáncer de páncreas puede ser difícil de tratar. Los posibles tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0118","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0127","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0184","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0245","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0253","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0067","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cancer-of-the-nasal-cavity-and-middle-ear","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cancer-of-the-nasal-cavity-and-middle-ear","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C30","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C20","display":"Malignant neoplasms of nasal cavity","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1078206702","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1078206702"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cancer of the nasal cavity and middle ear","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al cavității nazale și urechii medii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان التجويف الأنفي والأذن الوسطى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina nosní dutiny a středního ucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krebs der Nasenhöhle und des Mittelohrs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος ρινικής κοιλότητας και μέσου ωτός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de cavidad nasal y oído medio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des fosses nasales et de l'oreille moyenne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नासिका गुहा और मध्य कान का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az orrüreg és a középfül rákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della cavità nasale e dell'orecchio medio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鼻腔・中耳がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비강 및 중이암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak jamy nosowej i ucha środkowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da cavidade nasal e do ouvido médio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак полости носа и среднего уха","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina nosovej dutiny a stredného ucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Burun boşluğu ve orta kulak kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак порожнини носа та середнього вуха","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼻腔和中耳癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nasal Cancer","text":"Your paranasal sinuses are small hollow spaces around the nose. They are lined with cells that make mucus, which keeps your nose from drying out. The nasal cavity is the passageway just behind your nose. Air passes through it on the way to your throat as you breathe.\nCancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare. You are at greater risk if you are:\n• Male and over 40 years old\n• Exposed to certain workplace chemicals\n• Infected with HPV\n• A smoker\nThere may be no symptoms at first, and later symptoms can be like those of infections. Doctors diagnose nasal cancer with imaging tests, lighted tube-like instruments that look inside the nose, and biopsies. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer nasal","text":"Los senos paranasales son pequeños espacios huecos ubicados alrededor de su nariz. Están recubiertos con células que producen moco, que impide que se reseque su nariz. La cavidad nasal es el túnel que queda justo detrás de su nariz a través del cual el aire pasa en su camino hacia la garganta cuando usted respira.\nEl cáncer de la cavidad nasal y de los senos paranasales no es común. Usted corre mayor riesgo si:\n• Es un hombre mayor de 40 años\n• Ha estado expuesto a ciertos químicos en su lugar de trabajo\n• Esta infectado con el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)\n• Fuma\nEs posible que no se presenten síntomas al comienzo de la enfermedad y luego se presenten síntomas similares a una infección. Los doctores diagnostican este cáncer a través de imágenes, un instrumento con forma de tubo con una luz y una lente para observar y biopsias. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0068","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sinus-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sinus-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C31","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sinus cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al sinusurilor paranazale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الجيوب الأنفية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina vedlejších nosních dutin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nasennebenhöhlenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των παραρρινίων κόλπων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de senos paranasales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des sinus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"साइनस का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Melléküreg-rák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dei seni paranasali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"副鼻腔がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부비동암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak zatok przynosowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro dos seios perinasais","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак придаточных пазух носа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina prinosových dutín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sinüs kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак приносових пазух","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼻窦癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nasal Cancer","text":"Your paranasal sinuses are small hollow spaces around the nose. They are lined with cells that make mucus, which keeps your nose from drying out. The nasal cavity is the passageway just behind your nose. Air passes through it on the way to your throat as you breathe.\nCancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare. You are at greater risk if you are:\n• Male and over 40 years old\n• Exposed to certain workplace chemicals\n• Infected with HPV\n• A smoker\nThere may be no symptoms at first, and later symptoms can be like those of infections. Doctors diagnose nasal cancer with imaging tests, lighted tube-like instruments that look inside the nose, and biopsies. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer nasal","text":"Los senos paranasales son pequeños espacios huecos ubicados alrededor de su nariz. Están recubiertos con células que producen moco, que impide que se reseque su nariz. La cavidad nasal es el túnel que queda justo detrás de su nariz a través del cual el aire pasa en su camino hacia la garganta cuando usted respira.\nEl cáncer de la cavidad nasal y de los senos paranasales no es común. Usted corre mayor riesgo si:\n• Es un hombre mayor de 40 años\n• Ha estado expuesto a ciertos químicos en su lugar de trabajo\n• Esta infectado con el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)\n• Fuma\nEs posible que no se presenten síntomas al comienzo de la enfermedad y luego se presenten síntomas similares a una infección. Los doctores diagnostican este cáncer a través de imágenes, un instrumento con forma de tubo con una luz y una lente para observar y biopsias. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0069","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tracheal-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tracheal-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C33","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tracheal cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de trahee","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان القصبة الهوائية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina průdušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Luftröhrenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της τραχείας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de tráquea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la trachée","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्वासनली का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Légcsőrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della trachea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"気管がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기관암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak tchawicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da traqueia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак трахеи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina priedušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Soluk borusu kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак трахеї","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"气管癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Head and Neck Cancer","text":"What is head and neck cancer?\nHead and neck cancer is the name for cancers that develop in the mouth, nose and sinuses, salivary glands, and throat and voice box (larynx). Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the moist tissues that line the head and neck. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.\nThere are other cancers that develop in the head and neck, such as brain cancer, eye cancer, and esophageal cancer. But they are usually not considered to be head and neck cancers, because those types of cancer and their treatments are different.\nWho is more likely to develop head and neck cancer?\nAnyone can get head and neck cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:\n• Use tobacco or drink lots of alcohol. Your risk of developing head and neck cancer is even higher if you do both.\n• Are male.\n• Are over age 50.\n• Have a history of head or neck cancer.\n• Have HPV (for cancers in the tonsils and base of the tongue).\n• Are exposed to wood dusts or certain other toxic substances at work (for upper throat, nose, and sinus cancers).\n• Have had radiation exposure to the head and neck (for salivary gland cancer).\n• Have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (for upper throat and salivary gland cancers).\n• Are Asian (for upper throat cancer).\nWhat are the symptoms of head and neck cancer?\nThe symptoms of head and neck cancer may include:\n• A lump in the neck\n• A sore in the mouth or the throat that does not heal and may be painful\n• A sore throat that does not go away\n• Trouble swallowing\n• A change or hoarseness in the voice\nOther possible symptoms can depend on the specific type of head and neck cancer.\nHow is head and neck cancer diagnosed?\nWhich exams and tests used to diagnose head and neck cancer can depend on the specific type of cancer. Possible exams and tests may include:\n• A physical exam of the area that might have cancer.\n• Blood and/or urine tests.\n• An endoscopy.\n• A biopsy or other procedure to collect cells from the area that might have cancer. The cells are viewed under a microscope to find out if they are abnormal.\n• Imaging tests.\nWhat are the treatments for head and neck cancer?\nThe treatment for head and neck cancer will depend on the specific type of cancer, the stage (how advanced the cancer is), your overall health, and other factors. The treatment options might include:\n• Surgery\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy\n• Cancer immunotherapy\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells\nIn some cases, you may need a combination of treatments. Sometimes surgery can affect how well you can chew, swallow, or talk. Rehabilitation, such as physical therapy, dietary counseling, and speech therapy, may help.\nCan head and neck cancer be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to help prevent head and neck cancer:\n• Not smoking\n• Limiting alcohol use or not drinking at all\n• Getting regular dental exams\n• Talking to your provider about HPV vaccination\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de cabeza y cuello","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?\nSe llama cáncer de cabeza y cuello a los tipos de cáncer que se\ndesarrollan en la boca, nariz y los senos paranasales, glándulas salivales; y garganta y la laringe. La mayoría de los casos de cáncer\nde cabeza y cuello son cánceres de células escamosas. Comienzan en\nlos tejidos húmedos que recubren la cabeza y el cuello. Las células\ncancerosas pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que\nla afección crece.\nHay otros tipos de cáncer que se desarrollan en la cabeza y el\ncuello, como el de cerebro, de ojo y el de esófago. Pero, en general, no\nse consideran cáncer de cabeza y cuello, porque esos tipos de cáncer\ny sus tratamientos son diferentes.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de cabeza y\ncuello?\nCualquier persona puede tener cáncer de cabeza y cuello, pero es\nmás probable que lo desarrolle si:\n• Consume tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar\ncáncer de cabeza y cuello es aún mayor si hace ambas cosas\n• Es hombre\n• Tiene más de 50 años\n• Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello\n• Tiene VPH (para el cáncer en las amígdalas y la base de la\nlengua)\n• Está expuesto a polvo de madera o ciertas otras sustancias tóxicas\nen el trabajo (para cáncer de garganta, nariz y senos paranasales)\n• Estuvo expuesto a la radiación en la cabeza y el cuello (para el\ncáncer de las glándulas salivales)\n• Tiene una infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV) (para el\ncáncer de la parte superior de la garganta y de las glándulas\nsalivales)\n• Es asiático (para el cáncer de garganta superior)\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de cabeza y cuello?\nLos síntomas del cáncer de cabeza y cuello pueden incluir:\n• Un bulto en el cuello\n• Una llaga en la boca o la garganta que no cicatriza y puede ser\ndolorosa\n• Dolor de garganta que no desaparece\n• Problemas para tragar\n• Un cambio en la voz o ronquera\nOtros posibles síntomas pueden depender del tipo específico de\ncáncer de cabeza y cuello.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?\nLos exámenes y pruebas utilizados para diagnosticar el cáncer de\ncabeza y cuello pueden depender del tipo específico de cáncer. Estos\npueden incluir:\n• Un examen físico del área que podría tener cáncer\n• Análisis de sangre y/u orina\n• Una endoscopia\n• Una biopsia u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del área\ndonde podría haber cáncer. Las células se observan bajo un\nmicroscopio para determinar si son anormales\n• Pruebas de imagen\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?\nEl tratamiento para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello dependerá del tipo\nespecífico de cáncer, su etapa (qué tan avanzado está el cáncer), su\nsalud general y otros factores. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden\nincluir:\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Inmunoterapia para el cáncer\n• Terapia dirigida, que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que\natacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos\ndaño a las células normales\nEn algunos casos, es posible que necesite una combinación de\ntratamientos. En ocasiones, la cirugía puede afectar qué tan bien\npuede masticar, tragar o hablar. La rehabilitación, como la fisioterapia,\nla asesoría dietética y la terapia del habla pueden ayudar.\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?\nHay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de\ncabeza y cuello:\n• No fumar\n• Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber\n• Hacerse exámenes dentales regulares\n• Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre la vacuna contra el\nVPH\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0070","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lung-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lung-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C34","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C25.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of bronchus or lung, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/316539081/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#316539081/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lung cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer pulmonar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الرئة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina plic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lungenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του πνεύμονα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de pulmón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du poumon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फेफड़ों का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tüdőrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del polmone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肺がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"폐암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak płuca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do pulmão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак лёгкого","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina pľúc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akciğer kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак легені","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lung Cancer","text":"What is lung cancer?\nLung cancer is cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.\nThere are two main types: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These two types grow differently and are treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common type.\nWho is more likely to develop lung cancer?\nAnyone can develop lung cancer, but certain factors raise your risk of getting it:\n• Smoking. This is the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Tobacco smoking causes about 9 out of 10 cases of lung cancer in men and about 8 out of 10 cases of lung cancer in women. The more years you smoke and the more cigarettes you smoke each day, the more your risk goes up. Your risk is also greater if you smoke a lot and drink alcohol every day or take beta carotene supplements. If you have quit smoking, your risk will be lower than if you had kept smoking. But you will still have a higher risk than people who never smoked.\n• Secondhand smoke, which is the combination of the smoke that comes from a cigarette and the smoke breathed out by a smoker. When you breathe in secondhand smoke, you are exposed to the same cancer-causing agents as smokers, although in smaller amounts.\n• A family history of lung cancer.\n• Being exposed to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot, or tar in the workplace.\n• Being exposed to radiation, for example from:\n• Radiation therapy to the breast or chest\n• Radon in the home or workplace\n• Certain imaging tests such as CT scans\n• HIV infection. Your risk is higher if you have HIV. However, smoking rates are higher in people who have HIV, so it's not clear whether the increased risk is from the HIV infection or from smoking.\n• Air pollution. Studies show that living in areas with higher levels of air pollution increases your risk of lung cancer.\nWhat are the symptoms of lung cancer?\nLung cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms until the cancer is advanced. Sometimes the cancer is found during a chest x-ray done for another condition.\nThe symptoms of lung cancer may include:\n• Chest pain or discomfort\n• A cough that doesn't go away or gets worse over time\n• Coughing up blood\n• Trouble breathing\n• Wheezing\n• Hoarseness\n• Loss of appetite\n• Weight loss for no known reason\n• Feeling very tired\n• Trouble swallowing\n• Swelling in the face and/or veins in the neck\nHow is lung cancer diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have lung cancer, your health care provider:\n• Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• Will ask about your family history\n• Will do a physical exam\n• May order certain imaging tests, such as a chest x-ray or chest CT scan\n• May order lab tests, including tests of your blood and sputum\n• May do a procedure to take a biopsy of the lung\nIf you do have lung cancer, your provider will do other tests to find out if it has spread through the lungs, lymph nodes, and the rest of the body. This is called staging. Knowing the type and stage of lung cancer you have helps your provider decide what kind of treatment you need.\nIf you have small-cell lung cancer, your provider may also do genetic testing to look for certain gene changes (variants) in your cancer cells. The results of the testing may help guide treatment.\nWhat are the treatments for lung cancer?\nFor most patients with lung cancer, current treatments do not cure the cancer.\nYour treatment will depend on which type of lung cancer you have, how far it has spread, your overall health, and other factors. You may get more than one type of treatment.\nThe treatments for small cell lung cancer may include:\n• Surgery.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Immunotherapy.\n• Laser therapy, which uses a laser beam to kill cancer cells.\n• Endoscopic stent placement. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body. It may be used to put in a device called a stent. The stent helps to open an airway that has been blocked by abnormal tissue.\nThe treatments for non-small cell lung cancer may include:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.\n• Immunotherapy.\n• Laser therapy.\n• Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses a medicine and a certain type of laser light to kill cancer cells.\n• Cryosurgery, which uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\n• Electrocautery, a treatment that uses a probe or needle heated by an electric current to destroy abnormal tissue.\nCan lung cancer be prevented?\nAvoiding the risk factors may help prevent lung cancer. For example, you can:\n• Quit smoking. And if you don't smoke, don't start.\n• Lower your exposure to hazardous substances at work.\n• Lower your exposure to radon. Radon tests can show whether your home has high levels of radon. You can buy a test kit yourself or hire a professional to do the test.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de pulmón","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de pulmón?\nEl cáncer de pulmón es un cáncer que se forma en los tejidos del pulmón, generalmente en las células que recubren los conductos de aire. Es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer tanto en hombres como mujeres.\nHay dos tipos principales, cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas y cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. Estos dos tipos crecen de manera diferente y se tratan de distinta manera. El cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas es el tipo más común.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener de cáncer de pulmón?\nCualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de pulmón, pero algunos factores aumentan el riesgo de tenerlo:\n• Fumar: Es el factor de riesgo más importante para el cáncer de pulmón. Fumar tabaco causa cerca de nueve de cada 10 casos de cáncer de pulmón en hombres y ocho de cada 10 casos en mujeres. Mientras más años fume, y mayor sea el número de cigarrillos que fume cada día, más sube su riesgo. Su riesgo también es mayor si fuma mucho y bebe alcohol todos los días, o toma suplementos de betacaroteno. Si deja de fumar, su riesgo será menor del que tendría si hubiera seguido fumando, pero aún tendrá un mayor riesgo que aquellos que nunca han fumado\n• Humo de segunda mano: También conocido como inhalación pasiva de humo, es la combinación de humo que sale de un cigarrillo y el humo que exhala un fumador. Cuando respira humo de segunda mano, está expuesto a los mismos agentes cancerígenos que los fumadores, aunque en menor cantidad\n• Antecedentes familiares de cáncer de pulmón\n• Estar expuesto al asbesto, arsénico, cromo, berilio, níquel, hollín o alquitrán en el lugar de trabajo\n• Estar expuesto a la radiación, por ejemplo:\n• Radioterapia en el seno o el tórax\n• Radón en el hogar o lugar de trabajo\n• Ciertas pruebas de imagen como tomografías computarizadas\n• Infección por VIH: Su riesgo es mayor si tiene VIH. Sin embargo, las tasas de tabaquismo son más altas en las personas que tienen VIH, por lo que no está claro si el mayor riesgo se debe a la infección por VIH o al tabaquismo\n• Contaminación del aire: Los estudios muestran que vivir en áreas con mayor nivel contaminación del aire aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de pulmón?\nEs posible que el cáncer de pulmón no cause ningún signo o síntoma hasta que esté avanzado. En ocasiones, el cáncer se encuentra durante una radiografía de tórax realizada por otro problema.\nLos síntomas de cáncer de pulmón pueden incluir:\n• Dolor o molestias en el pecho\n• Tos que no desaparece o que empeora con el tiempo\n• Tos con sangre\n• Problemas para respirar\n• Sibilancias\n• Ronquera\n• Pérdida de apetito\n• Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente\n• Sentirse muy cansado\n• Problemas para tragar\n• Hinchazón en la cara y / o venas en el cuello.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de pulmón?\nPara saber si tiene cáncer de pulmón, su profesional de la salud:\n• Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Le preguntará sobre sus antecedentes familiares\n• Realizará un examen físico\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de imagen, como una radiografía de tórax o una tomografía computarizada de tórax\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, incluyendo análisis de sangre y esputo (mucosidad que se expulsa de los pulmones)\n• Puede realizar un procedimiento para tomar una biopsia de su pulmón\nSi tiene cáncer de pulmón, su profesional de la salud solicitará otras pruebas para determinar si se ha propagado a través de los pulmones, los ganglios linfáticos y el resto del cuerpo. Esto se llama estadificación. Conocer el tipo y el estadio del cáncer de pulmón que tiene ayuda a su proveedor de atención médica a decidir qué tipo de tratamiento necesita.\nSi tiene cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas, su proveedor también puede realizarle pruebas genéticas para buscar ciertos cambios genéticos (variantes) en sus células cancerosas. Los resultados de las pruebas pueden ayudar a guiar el tratamiento.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de pulmón?\nPara la mayoría de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón, los tratamientos actuales no curan el cáncer.\nSu tratamiento dependerá del tipo de cáncer de pulmón que tenga, hasta qué punto se ha propagado, su salud general y otros factores. Puede recibir más de un tipo de tratamiento.\nLos tratamientos para el cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas pueden incluir:\n• Cirugía\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Inmunoterapia\n• Terapia con láser, que utiliza un rayo láser para eliminar las células cancerosas\n• Colocación de stent endoscópico: Un endoscopio es un instrumento delgado en forma de tubo que se usa para observar tejidos dentro del cuerpo. Se puede usar para colocar un dispositivo llamado stent. El stent ayuda a abrir una vía aérea que ha sido bloqueada por tejido anormal\nLos tratamientos para el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas pueden incluir:\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\n• Terapia con láser\n• Terapia fotodinámica: Utiliza un medicamento y un cierto tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas\n• Criocirugía: Utiliza un instrumento para congelar y destruir tejido anormal\n• Electrocauterización: Tratamiento que utiliza una sonda o aguja calentada por una corriente eléctrica para destruir tejido anormal\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de pulmón?\nEvitar los factores de riesgo puede ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de pulmón. Por ejemplo usted puede:\n• deja de fumar. Y si no fuma, no empiece\n• Disminuir su exposición a sustancias peligrosas en el trabajo\n• Disminuir su exposición al radón. Las pruebas de radón pueden mostrar si su hogar tiene altos niveles de este gas. Usted puede comprar un kit de prueba o contratar a un profesional para hacer la prueba\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0071","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"thymus-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/thymus-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C37","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Thymus cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de timus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الغدة الصعترية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina brzlíku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Thymuskrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του θύμου αδένα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de timo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du thymus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"थाइमस का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Csecsemőmirigy-rák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del timo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胸腺がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"흉선암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak grasicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do timo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак вилочковой железы (тимуса)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina týmusu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Timus kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак вилочкової залози (тимуса)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胸腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Thymus Cancer","text":"The thymus is a small organ in your upper chest, under your breastbone. Before birth and during childhood, the thymus helps the body make a type of white blood cell. These cells help protect you from infections.\nCancer of the thymus is rare. You are more likely to get it if you have other diseases such as myasthenia gravis, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Sometimes there are no symptoms. Other times, thymus cancer can cause:\n• A cough that doesn't go away\n• Chest pain\n• Trouble breathing\nDoctors use a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose thymus cancer. The most common treatment is surgery to remove the tumor. Other options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/thymuscancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de timo","text":"El timo es un pequeño órgano ubicado en la parte superior del pecho, por debajo del esternón. Antes del nacimiento y en la infancia, el timo ayuda a producir un tipo de glóbulos blancos. Estas células ayudan a protegerlo contra las infecciones.\nEl cáncer del timo es poco frecuente. Tiene más probabilidades de tener uno si tiene otras enfermedades como miastenia grave, lupus o artritis reumatoide. Algunas veces no presenta síntomas. Otras veces, el cáncer de timo puede causar:\n• Tos persistente\n• Dolor en el pecho\n• Dificultades para respirar\nLos médicos utilizan un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia para diagnosticar el cáncer de timo. El tratamiento más común es la cirugía para extirpar el tumor. Otras opciones incluyen la radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia hormonal.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thymuscancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0072","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bone-cancer-of-the-limbs","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bone-cancer-of-the-limbs","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C40","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B5Z","display":"Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of unspecified type","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1965082709/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1965082709/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bone cancer of the limbs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer osos al membrelor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان عظام الأطراف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina kostí končetin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Knochenkrebs der Gliedmaßen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των οστών των άκρων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de huesos de las extremidades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des os des membres","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाथ-पैर की हड्डी का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A végtagok csontrákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore delle ossa degli arti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"四肢の骨のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"사지 골암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak kości kończyn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro dos ossos dos membros","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак костей конечностей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina kostí končatín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kol ve bacak kemiği kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак кісток кінцівок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"四肢骨癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bone Cancer","text":"Cancer that starts in a bone is uncommon. Cancer that has spread to the bone from another part of the body is more common.\nThere are three types of bone cancer:\n• Osteosarcoma - occurs most often between ages 10 and 19. It is more common in the knee and upper arm.\n• Chondrosarcoma - starts in cartilage, usually after age 40\n• Ewing's sarcoma - occurs most often in children and teens under 19. It is more common in boys than girls.\nThe most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. Other symptoms vary, depending on the location and size of the cancer. Surgery is often the main treatment for bone cancer. Other treatments may include amputation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Because bone cancer can come back after treatment, regular follow-up visits are important.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de hueso","text":"Es raro que un cáncer empiece su desarrollo en el hueso. Es más común que el cáncer se haya diseminado al hueso desde otras partes del cuerpo.\nExisten tres tipos de cáncer óseo:\n• Osteosarcoma: generalmente, se desarrolla entre los 10 y 19 años de edad y ocurre más comúnmente en la rodilla o en la parte superior del brazo\n• Condrosarcoma: comienza en el cartílago, por lo general después de los 50 años de edad\n• Sarcoma de Ewing: ocurre más frecuentemente en niños y adolescentes varones menores de 19 años.\nEl síntoma más común del cáncer de hueso es el dolor. Otros síntomas varían dependiendo de la ubicación y el tamaño del cáncer. La cirugía suele ser el tratamiento habitual. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir amputación, quimioterapia y radiación. Debido a que el cáncer de hueso puede volver después del tratamiento, es importante que se realicen visitas regulares de seguimiento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0073","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bone-cancer-other-sites","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bone-cancer-other-sites","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C41","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B5Z","display":"Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of unspecified type","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1965082709/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1965082709/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bone cancer (other sites)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer osos (alte localizări)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان العظام (مواضع أخرى)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina kostí (jiná místa)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Knochenkrebs (andere Stellen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των οστών (άλλες θέσεις)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de huesos (otras localizaciones)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des os (autres localisations)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हड्डी का कैंसर (अन्य स्थान)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Csontrák (egyéb helyeken)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore delle ossa (altre sedi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨のがん（その他の部位）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골암(기타 부위)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak kości (inne umiejscowienia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro dos ossos (outras localizações)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак костей (другие локализации)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina kostí (iné miesta)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kemik kanseri (diğer bölgeler)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак кісток (інші локалізації)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"骨癌（其他部位）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bone Cancer","text":"Cancer that starts in a bone is uncommon. Cancer that has spread to the bone from another part of the body is more common.\nThere are three types of bone cancer:\n• Osteosarcoma - occurs most often between ages 10 and 19. It is more common in the knee and upper arm.\n• Chondrosarcoma - starts in cartilage, usually after age 40\n• Ewing's sarcoma - occurs most often in children and teens under 19. It is more common in boys than girls.\nThe most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. Other symptoms vary, depending on the location and size of the cancer. Surgery is often the main treatment for bone cancer. Other treatments may include amputation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Because bone cancer can come back after treatment, regular follow-up visits are important.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de hueso","text":"Es raro que un cáncer empiece su desarrollo en el hueso. Es más común que el cáncer se haya diseminado al hueso desde otras partes del cuerpo.\nExisten tres tipos de cáncer óseo:\n• Osteosarcoma: generalmente, se desarrolla entre los 10 y 19 años de edad y ocurre más comúnmente en la rodilla o en la parte superior del brazo\n• Condrosarcoma: comienza en el cartílago, por lo general después de los 50 años de edad\n• Sarcoma de Ewing: ocurre más frecuentemente en niños y adolescentes varones menores de 19 años.\nEl síntoma más común del cáncer de hueso es el dolor. Otros síntomas varían dependiendo de la ubicación y el tamaño del cáncer. La cirugía suele ser el tratamiento habitual. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir amputación, quimioterapia y radiación. Debido a que el cáncer de hueso puede volver después del tratamiento, es importante que se realicen visitas regulares de seguimiento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0074","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"melanoma-of-the-skin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/melanoma-of-the-skin","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C43","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma of the skin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Melanom cutanat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الورم الميلانيني الجلدي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Melanom kůže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schwarzer Hautkrebs (Melanom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μελάνωμα του δέρματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma de piel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mélanome de la peau","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा का मेलेनोमा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A bőr melanómája","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma della pelle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"皮膚の悪性黒色腫（メラノーマ）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"피부 흑색종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Czerniak skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma da pele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Меланома кожи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Melanóm kože","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Cilt melanomu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Меланома шкіри","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"皮肤黑色素瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Melanoma","text":"Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal, or \"ugly looking.\"\nThinking of \"ABCDE\" can help you remember what to watch for:\n• Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other\n• Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular\n• Color - the color is uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan\n• Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase\n• Evolving - the mole has changed over the past few weeks or months\nSurgery is the first treatment of all stages of melanoma. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation, biologic, and targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Melanoma","text":"El melanoma es el tipo más serio de cáncer de piel. Con frecuencia el primer signo de un melanoma es un cambio de tamaño, forma, color o textura de un lunar. La mayoría de los melanomas tienen un área negra o negra azulada. El melanoma también puede aparecer como un lunar nuevo. Puede ser negro, anormal o \"de aspecto desagradable.\"\nPensar en el \"ABCDE\" puede ayudarlo a recordar lo que debe vigilar:\n• Asimetría: el contorno de una mitad no es igual al otro\n• Bordes: los bordes son desiguales, borrosos o irregulares\n• Color: el color es disparejo y puede incluir tonalidades negras, cafés y canela\n• Diámetro: hay cambios en el tamaño, generalmente se vuelven más grandes.\n• Evolución: cualquier cambio en el lunar en las últimas semanas o meses\nLa cirugía es el primer tratamiento para todos los diferentes estadios del melanoma. Otros tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia y radiación, terapia biológica y terapia dirigida. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0075","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"skin-cancer-non-melanoma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/skin-cancer-non-melanoma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C44","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Skin cancer (non-melanoma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de piele (non-melanom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الجلد غير الميلانيني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nemelanomová rakovina kůže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Weißer Hautkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του δέρματος (μη μελάνωμα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de piel no melanoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la peau (hors mélanome)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा कैंसर (गैर-मेलेनोमा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nem melanóma típusú bőrrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della pelle non melanoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"皮膚がん（メラノーマ以外）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비흑색종 피부암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak skóry (niebędący czerniakiem)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da pele não melanoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак кожи (не меланома)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nemelanómová rakovina kože","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Melanom dışı cilt kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак шкіри (не меланома)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"非黑色素瘤皮肤癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Skin Cancer","text":"Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The two most common types are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands, and arms. Another type of skin cancer, melanoma, is more dangerous but less common.\nAnyone can get skin cancer, but it is more common in people who :\n• Spend a lot of time in the sun or have been sunburned\n• Have light-colored skin, hair and eyes\n• Have a family member with skin cancer\n• Are over age 50\nYou should have your doctor check any suspicious skin markings and any changes in the way your skin looks. Treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early. If not treated, some types of skin cancer cells can spread to other tissues and organs. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biologic therapy. PDT uses a drug and a type of laser light to kill cancer cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de piel","text":"El cáncer de piel es la forma de cáncer más común en los Estados Unidos. Los dos tipos más comunes son el cáncer de células basales y el cáncer de células escamosas. Por lo general, se forman en la cabeza, la cara, el cuello, las manos y los brazos. Otro tipo de cáncer de piel, el melanoma, es más peligroso pero menos común.\nCualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de piel, pero es más común entre quienes:\n• Pasan mucho tiempo bajo el sol o sufrieron quemaduras por el sol\n• Tienen piel, cabello y ojos claros\n• Tienen un familiar con cáncer de piel\n• Tienen más de 50 años de edad\nDebe hacer que un médico revise cualquier indicio sospechoso en la piel y cualquier cambio en el aspecto de su piel. El tratamiento tiene más probabilidades de surtir mejor efecto cuando el cáncer se detecta con anticipación. Cuando no se tratan, ciertos tipos de cáncer de piel pueden diseminarse a otros tejidos y órganos.\nLos tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia fotodinámica (PDT, por sus siglas en inglés) y terapia biológica. La terapia fotodinámica utiliza un medicamento y un tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0076","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mesothelioma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mesothelioma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C45","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mesothelioma","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mesotelioma","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mezoteliom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ورم الظهارة المتوسطة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mezoteliom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mesotheliom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεσοθηλίωμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mésothéliome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेसोथेलियोमा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mesothelioma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mesotelioma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"中皮腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"중피종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Międzybłoniak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mesotelioma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мезотелиома","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mezotelióm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mezotelyoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мезотеліома","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"间皮瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Malignant mesothelioma"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mesothelioma","text":"The tissue that lines your lungs, stomach, heart, and other organs is called mesothelium. Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is cancer of that tissue. It usually starts in the lungs, but can also start in the abdomen or other organs.\nMalignant mesothelioma is rare but serious. Most people who get it have worked or lived in places where they inhaled or swallowed asbestos particles. After being exposed to asbestos, it usually takes a long time for the disease to form.\nSymptoms include:\n• Trouble breathing\n• Cough\n• Pain under the rib cage\n• Pain, swelling, or lumps in the abdomen\n• Weight loss for no known reason\n• Blood clots\n• Constipation\n• Fatigue\nSometimes it is hard to tell the difference between malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. To find out if you have mesothelioma, your health care provider will likely use a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy.\nMalignant mesothelioma is often found when it is advanced. This makes it harder to treat. Treatment options may include:\n• Surgery\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy\n• Immunotherapy\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mesotelioma","text":"El tejido que recubre los pulmones, el estómago, el corazón y otros órganos se llama mesotelio. El mesotelioma, también conocido como mesotelioma maligno, es un cáncer que afecta a ese tejido. Suele comenzar en los pulmones, pero también puede comenzar en el abdomen u otros órganos.\nEl mesotelioma es raro pero serio. La mayoría de las personas que lo padece ha vivido y trabajado en lugares donde inhalaron partículas de asbesto. Tras haber sido expuesto al asbesto, en general toma mucho tiempo para que la enfermedad aparezca.\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Problemas para respirar\n• Tos\n• Dolor debajo de la caja torácica\n• Dolor, hinchazón o bultos en el abdomen\n• Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente\n• Coágulos de sangre\n• Estreñimiento\n• Fatiga\nA veces, es difícil reconocer la diferencia entre el mesotelioma maligno y el cáncer de pulmón. Para saber si tiene mesotelioma, su profesional de la salud probablemente usará un examen físico, pruebas de imágenes y una biopsia.\nCon frecuencia, el mesotelioma maligno se detecta cuando ya está avanzado. Esto lo hace más difícil de tratar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Inmunoterapia\n• Terapia dirigida, la que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0261","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Mesothelioma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0077","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"kaposi-sarcoma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/kaposi-sarcoma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C46","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B57.Z","display":"Kaposi sarcoma of unspecified primary site","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2131977134/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2131977134/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Kaposi Sarcoma","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoma de Kaposi","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarcom Kaposi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ساركوما كابوزي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kaposiho sarkom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Kaposi-Sarkom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σάρκωμα Kaposi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sarcome de Kaposi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कपोसी सार्कोमा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kaposi-szarkóma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoma di Kaposi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"カポジ肉腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"카포시 육종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mięsak Kaposiego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoma de Kaposi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Саркома Капоши","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kaposiho sarkóm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kaposi sarkomu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Саркома Капоші","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"卡波西肉瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"KS"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kaposi Sarcoma","text":"What is Kaposi sarcoma?\nKaposi sarcoma, sometimes called KS, is a type of cancer. It causes lesions (abnormal tissue) to grow in different parts of the body, including:\n• The skin\n• Lymph nodes\n• Mucous membranes (the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat)\n• Other organs\nThese lesions are usually red or purple. They are made of cancer cells, new blood vessels, and blood cells. The lesions may begin in more than one place in the body at the same time. This makes Kaposi sarcoma different from other cancers.\nWhat causes Kaposi sarcoma and who is more likely to develop it?\nKaposi sarcoma is caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). This virus is also called Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Most people infected with this virus don't get Kaposi sarcoma. But certain people who get this virus are more likely to develop one of the types of Kaposi sarcoma:\n• People with weakened immune systems due to HIV can develop epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma.\n• People with weakened immune systems due to medicines they need to take after an organ transplant can develop iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma.\n• Older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European Jewish heritage can develop classic Kaposi sarcoma.\n• Young men in Africa can develop endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma.\nWhat are the symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma?\nKaposi sarcoma usually starts out as one or more red, purple, or brown skin lesions on the legs and feet. They are most often on the ankles or soles of the feet. Over time, lesions may form in other parts of the body. The lesions may not cause symptoms. But sometimes the lesions can cause problems, especially as you get more of them and they grow bigger. For example:\n• Pressure from the lesions may block the flow of lymph and blood in the legs and cause painful swelling\n• If lesions grow in your stomach or intestines, they can bleed and may cause abdominal (belly) pain and diarrhea\n• Lesions in the lungs can also bleed and may cause shortness of breath\nHow is Kaposi sarcoma diagnosed?\nTo find out whether you have Kaposi sarcoma, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical and family history\n• Will do a physical exam\n• May order a chest x-ray to look for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs\n• May do a biopsy to check for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in the skin\n• May do an endoscopy to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the stomach and intestines\n• May do a bronchoscopy to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs\nIf you do have Kaposi sarcoma, you will likely need blood and imaging tests to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.\nWhat are the treatments for Kaposi sarcoma?\nWhich treatment(s) you get will depend on\n• The type of Kaposi sarcoma you have\n• How many lesions you have and where in the body they are\n• What kinds of problems the lesions are causing\n• Your overall health\nFor people who have epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma, taking HIV medicines may be enough to treat the Kaposi sarcoma. For people who have iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma, changing the dose of the medicines or switching medicines may be helpful. But some people with these types of Kaposi sarcoma will need additional treatment.\nThe treatment options for Kaposi sarcoma may include:\n• Radiation therapy\n• Surgery\n• Cryosurgery, a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue\n• Chemotherapy\n• Immunotherapy\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kaposisarcoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sarcoma de Kaposi","text":"¿Qué es el sarcoma de Kaposi?\nEl sarcoma de Kaposi es un tipo de cáncer. Provoca el crecimiento de lesiones (tejido anormal) en diferentes partes del cuerpo, incluyendo:\n• La piel\n• Ganglios linfáticos\n• Membranas mucosas (el revestimiento de la boca, la nariz y la garganta)\n• Otros órganos\nEstas lesiones suelen ser de color rojo o morado. Están formadas por células cancerosas, vasos sanguíneos nuevos y células sanguíneas. Las lesiones pueden comenzar en más de un lugar del cuerpo al mismo tiempo. Esto diferencia al sarcoma de Kaposi de otros tipos de cáncer.\n¿Qué causa el sarcoma de Kaposi y quién tiene más probabilidades de tenerlo?\nEl sarcoma de Kaposi es causado por una infección por el virus herpes humano tipo 8 (HHV-8). Este virus también se llama virus herpes asociado al sarcoma de Kaposi. La mayoría de las personas infectadas con este virus no contraen sarcoma de Kaposi. Pero ciertas personas que contraen este virus tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar uno de los tipos de sarcoma de Kaposi:\n• Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al VIH pueden desarrollar sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico (asociado al VIH)\n• Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido a los medicamentos que deben tomar después de un trasplante de órgano pueden desarrollar sarcoma de Kaposi iatrogénico (relacionado con el trasplante)\n• Los hombres mayores de ascendencia judía mediterránea o de Europa del este pueden desarrollar el sarcoma de Kaposi clásico\n• Los hombres jóvenes en África pueden desarrollar sarcoma de Kaposi endémico (africano)\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del sarcoma de Kaposi?\nEn general, el sarcoma de Kaposi comienza como una o más lesiones en la piel de color rojo, morado o marrón en las piernas y los pies. Suele aparecer en los tobillos o en las plantas de los pies. Con el tiempo, se pueden formar lesiones en otras partes del cuerpo. Es posible que las lesiones no causen síntomas. Pero en ocasiones, las lesiones pueden causar problemas, especialmente a medida que aparecen más y crecen, como:\n• La presión de las lesiones puede bloquear el flujo de linfa y sangre en las piernas y causar hinchazón dolorosa\n• Si las lesiones crecen en el estómago o los intestinos, pueden sangrar y causar dolor abdominal y diarrea\n• Las lesiones en los pulmones también pueden sangrar y causar problemas para respirar\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el sarcoma de Kaposi?\nPara averiguar si tiene sarcoma de Kaposi, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y familiar\n• Realizará un examen físico\n• Puede solicitar una radiografía de tórax para buscar sarcoma de Kaposi en los pulmones\n• Puede realizar una biopsia para detectar lesiones de sarcoma de Kaposi en la piel\n• Puede realizar una endoscopia para detectar sarcoma de Kaposi en el estómago y los intestinos\n• Puede realizar una broncoscopia para detectar sarcoma de Kaposi en los pulmones\nSi tiene sarcoma de Kaposi, es probable que necesite pruebas de sangre y de imágenes para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado a otras partes del cuerpo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el sarcoma de Kaposi?\nLos tratamientos que reciba dependerán de:\n• El tipo de sarcoma de Kaposi que tenga\n• Cuántas lesiones tiene y en qué parte del cuerpo están\n• Qué tipos de problemas están causando las lesiones\n• Su salud general\nPara las personas con sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico (asociado al VIH), tomar medicamentos contra el VIH puede ser suficiente para tratar el sarcoma de Kaposi. Para quienes tienen sarcoma de Kaposi iatrogénico (relacionado con un trasplante), puede ser útil cambiar la dosis de los medicamentos o cambiar de medicina. Pero algunas personas con estos tipos de sarcoma de Kaposi necesitarán tratamiento adicional.\nLas opciones de tratamiento para el sarcoma de Kaposi pueden incluir:\n• Radioterapia\n• Cirugía\n• Criocirugía, un tratamiento que utiliza un instrumento para congelar y destruir tejido anormal\n• Quimioterapia\n• Inmunoterapia\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kaposisarcoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0087","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Sarcoma, Kaposi — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0078","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cancer-of-the-peripheral-nerves","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cancer-of-the-peripheral-nerves","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C47","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cancer of the peripheral nerves","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al nervilor periferici","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الأعصاب الطرفية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina periferních nervů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krebs der peripheren Nerven","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των περιφερικών νεύρων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de nervios periféricos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer des nerfs périphériques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"परिधीय तंत्रिकाओं का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A perifériás idegek rákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dei nervi periferici","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"末梢神経のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"말초신경암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak nerwów obwodowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro dos nervos periféricos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак периферических нервов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina periférnych nervov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Periferik sinir kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак периферичних нервів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"周围神经癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0079","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"breast-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/breast-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C50","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Breast cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de sân","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الثدي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina prsu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brustkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του μαστού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de mama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du sein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्तन कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Emlőrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della mammella","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"乳がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"유방암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak piersi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da mama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак молочной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina prsníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Meme kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак молочної залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"乳腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Breast Cancer","text":"What is breast cancer?\nBreast cancer is a cancer that starts in breast tissue. It happens when cells in the breast change and grow out of control. New cells grow even when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor.\nSometimes the cancer does not spread any further. This is called \"in situ.\" If the cancer spreads outside the breast, the cancer is called \"invasive.\" It may just spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. Or the cancer may metastasize (spread to other parts of the body) through the lymph system or the blood.\nBreast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in the United States. Rarely, it can also affect men.\nWhat are the types of breast cancer?\nThere are different types of breast cancer. The types are based on which breast cells turn into cancer. The types include:\n• Ductal carcinoma, which begins in the cells of the ducts. This is the most common type.\n• Lobular carcinoma, which begins in the lobules. It is more often found in both breasts than other types of breast cancer.\n• Inflammatory breast cancer, in which cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. The breast becomes warm, red, and swollen. This is a rare type.\n• Paget's disease of the breast, which is a cancer involving the skin of the nipple. It usually also affects the darker skin around the nipple. It is also rare.\nWhat causes breast cancer?\nBreast cancer happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nBut sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Breast cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary breast cancer.\nThere are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of breast cancer, including changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These two changes also raise your risk of ovarian and other cancers.\nBesides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of breast cancer.\nWho is at risk for breast cancer?\nThe factors that raise your risk of breast cancer include:\n• Older age\n• History of breast cancer or benign (noncancer) breast disease\n• Inherited risk of breast cancer, including having BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene changes\n• Dense breast tissue\n• A reproductive history that leads to more exposure to the estrogen hormone, including:\n• Menstruating at an early age\n• Being at an older age when you first gave birth or never having given birth\n• Starting menopause at a later age\n• Taking hormone therapy for meopause\n• Radiation therapy to the breast or chest\n• Obesity\n• Drinking alcohol\nWhat are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?\nThe signs and symptoms of breast cancer include\n• A new lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the armpit.\n• A change in the size or shape of the breast.\n• A dimple or puckering in the skin of the breast. It may look like the skin of an orange.\n• A nipple turned inward into the breast.\n• Nipple discharge other than breast milk. The discharge might happen suddenly, be bloody, or happen in only one breast.\n• Scaly, red, or swollen skin in the nipple area or the breast.\n• Pain in any area of the breast.\nHow is breast cancer diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose breast cancer and figure out which type you have:\n• A physical exam, including a clinical breast exam (CBE). This involves checking for any lumps or anything else that seems unusual with the breasts and armpits.\n• A medical history.\n• Imaging tests, such as a mammogram, an ultrasound, or an MRI.\n• Breast biopsy.\n• Blood chemistry tests, which measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Some of the specific blood chemistry tests include a basic metabolic panel (BMP), a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), and an electrolyte panel.\nIf these tests show that you have breast cancer, you will have tests that study the cancer cells. These tests help your provider decide which treatment would be best for you. The tests may include:\n• Genetic tests for genetic changes such in the BRCA and TP53 genes.\n• HER2 test. HER2 is a protein involved with cell growth. It is on the outside of all breast cells. If your breast cancer cells have more HER2 than normal, they can grow more quickly and spread to other parts of the body.\n• An estrogen and progesterone receptor test. This test measures the amount of estrogen and progesterone (hormones) receptors in cancer tissue. If there are more receptors than normal, the cancer is called estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive. This type of breast cancer may grow more quickly.\nAnother step is staging the cancer. Staging involves doing tests to find out whether the cancer has spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. The tests may include other diagnostic imaging tests and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This biopsy is done to see whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.\nWhat are the treatments for breast cancer?\nTreatments for breast cancer include:\n• Surgery such as\n• A mastectomy, which removes the whole breast\n• A lumpectomy to remove the cancer and some normal tissue around it, but not the breast itself\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy\n• Hormone therapy, which blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\n• Immunotherapy\nCan breast cancer be prevented?\nYou may be able to help prevent breast cancer by making healthy lifestyle changes such as:\n• Staying at a healthy weight\n• Limiting alcohol use\n• Getting enough exercise\n• Limiting your exposure to estrogen by\n• Breastfeeding your babies if you can\n• Limiting hormone therapy\nIf you are at high risk, your provider may suggest that you take certain medicines to lower the risk. Some women at very high risk may decide to get a mastectomy (of their healthy breasts) to prevent breast cancer.\nIt's also important to get regular mammograms. They may be able to identify breast cancer in the early stages, when it is easier to treat.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de seno","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de mama?\nEl cáncer de mama es un cáncer que comienza en el tejido mamario. Ocurre cuando las células de la mama cambian y crecen sin control. Las células nuevas crecen aun cuando no es necesario, y las células viejas no mueren cuando deberían. Estas células adicionales pueden formar una masa llamada tumor.\nEn ocasiones, la propagación del cáncer se detiene. A esto se le llama \"in situ\". Si el cáncer se disemina fuera de la mama, el cáncer se denomina \"invasivo\". Es posible que solo se disemine a los tejidos y los ganglios linfáticos cercanos. O el cáncer puede hacer metástasis (propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo) a través del sistema linfático o la sangre.\nEl cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común en mujeres en los Estados Unidos. En raras ocasiones, también puede afectar a hombres.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de cáncer de mama?\nExisten diferentes tipos de cáncer de mama. Estos tipos se basan en qué células mamarias se convierten en cáncer. Los tipos incluyen:\n• Carcinoma ductal: Comienza en las células de los conductos. Es el tipo más común\n• Carcinoma lobulillar: Comienza en los lobulillos. Se encuentra con más frecuencia en ambas mamas que otros tipos de cáncer de mama\n• Cáncer de mama inflamatorio: En este tipo, las células cancerosas bloquean los vasos linfáticos de la piel de la mama. El seno se calienta, se enrojece y se hincha. Es un tipo raro\n• Enfermedad de Paget del seno: Cáncer que afecta la piel del pezón. En general, también afecta la piel más oscura alrededor del pezón. También es raro\n¿Qué causa el cáncer de mama?\nEl cáncer de mama ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.\nSin embargo, en ocasiones estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nace con ellos. El cáncer de seno causado por cambios genéticos heredados se conoce como cáncer de mama hereditario.\nTambién existen ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de mama, incluidos los cambios en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2. Ambos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de ovario y otros tipos de cáncer.\nAdemás de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de mama.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener cáncer de mama?\nLos factores que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer de seno incluyen:\n• Edad avanzada\n• Antecedentes de cáncer de mama o enfermedad benigna (no cancerosa) de la mama\n• Riesgo heredado de cáncer de mama, incluyendo la aparición de cambios en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2\n• Tejido mamario denso\n• Un historial reproductivo que lleva a una mayor exposición a la hormona estrógeno, incluyendo:\n• Menstruar a una edad temprana\n• Tener mayor edad al dar a luz por primera vez o nunca haber dado a luz\n• Comenzar la menopausia a una edad más avanzada\n• Recibir terapia hormonal para la menopausia\n• Radioterapia en el pecho\n• Obesidad\n• Beber alcohol\n¿Cuáles son los signos y síntomas del cáncer de mama?\nLos signos y síntomas del cáncer de seno incluyen:\n• Un bulto nuevo o engrosamiento en el seno, o cerca de éste, o en la axila\n• Un cambio en el tamaño o la forma de la mama\n• Un hoyuelo o arrugas en la piel del seno. Puede parecer la piel de una naranja\n• Un pezón vuelto hacia adentro en el seno\n• Secreción del pezón que no es leche materna. La secreción puede ocurrir de repente, ser sanguinolenta o suceder solo en un seno\n• Piel escamosa, enrojecida o inflamada en el área del pezón o en la mama\n• Dolor en cualquier parte de la mama\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de mama?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el cáncer de mama y determinar el tipo:\n• Un examen físico, incluyendo un examen clínico de los senos. Esto implica verificar si hay bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual en los senos y las axilas\n• Historia clínica\n• Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, como una mamografía, una ecografía o una resonancia magnética\n• Biopsia de mama\n• Pruebas de química sanguínea que miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas químicas específicas de la sangre incluyen un perfil metabólico básico, un perfil metabólico completo y un panel análisis de electrolitos\nSi estas pruebas muestran que tiene cáncer de mama, se le realizarán exámenes para estudiar las células cancerosas. Estas pruebas ayudan a su médico a decidir qué tratamiento sería mejor para usted. Las pruebas pueden incluir:\n• Pruebas genéticas para cambios genéticos en los genes BRCA y TP53\n• Prueba HER2. La HER2 es una proteína involucrada en el crecimiento celular. Está en el exterior de todas las células mamarias. Si las células de su cáncer de mama tienen más HER2 de lo normal, pueden crecer más rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo\n• Una prueba de receptor de estrógeno y progesterona. Esta prueba mide la cantidad de receptores de estrógeno y progesterona (hormonas) en el tejido canceroso. Si hay más receptores de lo normal, el cáncer se llama receptor de estrógeno o progesterona positivo. Este tipo de cáncer de mama puede crecer más rápidamente\nOtro paso es la estadificación del cáncer. La estadificación implica realizar pruebas para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado dentro de la mama o a otras partes del cuerpo. Las pruebas pueden incluir otras pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes y una biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela. Esta biopsia se realiza para ver si el cáncer se ha propagado a los ganglios linfáticos.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama?\nLos tratamientos para el cáncer de mama incluyen:\n• Cirugía como:\n• Una mastectomía, que extirpa todo el seno\n• Una tumorectomía para extirpar el cáncer y parte del tejido normal que lo rodea, pero no la mama en sí\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Terapia hormonal: Esta impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de mama?\nEs posible que pueda ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama haciendo cambios saludables en su estilo de vida, como:\n• Mantener un peso saludable\n• Limitar el consumo de alcohol\n• Hacer suficiente ejercicio\n• Limitar su exposición al estrógeno al:\n• Amamantar a sus bebés si puede\n• Limitar la terapia hormonal\nSi tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que tome ciertos medicamentos para bajar el riesgo. Algunas mujeres con un riesgo muy alto pueden decidir hacerse una mastectomía (de sus senos sanos) para prevenir el cáncer de mama.\nTambién es importante hacerse mamografías con regularidad. Es posible que puedan identificar el cáncer de mama en las primeras etapas, cuando es más fácil de tratar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0080","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vulvar-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vulvar-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C51","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C70.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of vulva, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1530443809/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1530443809/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vulvar cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer vulvar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الفرج","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina vulvy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vulvakrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του αιδοίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de vulva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la vulve","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"योनिमुख का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szeméremtestrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della vulva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"外陰がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"외음부암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak sromu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da vulva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак вульвы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina vulvy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vulva kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак вульви","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"外阴癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vulvar Cancer","text":"Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman's external genitals, called the vulva. The cancer usually grows slowly over several years. First, precancerous cells grow on vulvar skin. This is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or dysplasia. Not all VIN cases turn into cancer, but it is best to treat it early.\nOften, vulvar cancer doesn't cause symptoms at first. However, see your doctor for testing if you notice:\n• A lump in the vulva\n• Vulvar itching or tenderness\n• Bleeding that is not your period\n• Changes in the vulvar skin, such as color changes or growths that look like a wart or ulcer\nYou are at greater risk if you've had a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection or have a history of genital warts. Your health care provider diagnoses vulvar cancer with a physical exam and a biopsy. Treatment varies, depending on your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de vulva","text":"El cáncer de la vulva es un tipo raro de cáncer. Se forma en los genitales externos de la mujer, llamados vulva. El cáncer crece en forma lenta por varios años. Primero, las células precancerosas crecen en la piel de la vulva. Esto se denomina neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar o displasia. No todos los casos de neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar se convierten en cáncer, pero es mejor tratarlos temprano.\nMuchas veces, el cáncer de vulva no tiene síntomas al principio. Sin embargo, consulte a su médico para que le haga un análisis si observa:\n• Un bulto en la vulva\n• Picazón o dolor en la vulva\n• Hemorragia fuera de la menstruación\n• Cambios es la piel de la vulva, como color diferente o crecimientos que parecen verrugas o úlceras\nUsted está en mayor riesgo si ha tenido una infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH) o tiene un historial de verrugas genitales. Su proveedor de salud diagnostica cáncer de vulva con un examen físico y una biopsia. El tratamiento varía, dependiendo del estado general de su salud y del estado del cáncer. Puede incluir cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia o terapia biológica. La terapia biológica potencia la propia capacidad del cuerpo para luchar contra el cáncer.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0081","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vaginal-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vaginal-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C52","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C71.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of vagina, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/798353632/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#798353632/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vaginal cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer vaginal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المهبل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina pochvy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Scheidenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του κόλπου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de vagina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du vagin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"योनि का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hüvelyrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della vagina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腟がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"질암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak pochwy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da vagina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак влагалища","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina pošvy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vajina kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак піхви","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阴道癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vaginal Cancer","text":"What is vaginal cancer?\nVaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the vagina. The vagina is the canal leading from your cervix (the opening of your uterus) to the outside of your body.\nWho is more likely to develop vaginal cancer?\nYou are more likely to develop vaginal cancer if:\n• You're age 60 or older.\n• You've had certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.\n• You were exposed to a medicine called DES (diethylstilbestrol) before you were born. Between 1940-1971, DES was sometimes prescribed to prevent miscarriages. DES was later linked to different health problems, including vaginal cancer.\n• You have had abnormal cells in your vagina, cervix, or uterus.\nWhat are the symptoms of vaginal cancer?\nVaginal cancer often doesn't have early symptoms. However, see your health care provider if you notice:\n• Vaginal bleeding that is not your period\n• A vaginal lump\n• Pelvic pain\n• Pain during sex\n• Pain while urinating (peeing)\n• Constipation or blood in your stool (poop) or urine (pee)\nHow is vaginal cancer diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have vaginal cancer, your provider will use tests that examine the vagina and other organs in your pelvis. These tests may include:\n• A pelvic exam. Your provider may also do a Pap test and/or an HPV test during your pelvic exam.\n• Colposcopy, a procedure to examine your cervix, vagina, and vulva.\n• Biopsy, a procedure to remove some cells so they can be checked for cancer.\nWhat are the treatments for vaginal cancer?\nVaginal cancer can often be cured if it is found early. Treatments for vaginal cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.\nCan vaginal cancer be prevented?\nVaccines that protect against HPV infection may reduce your risk of vaginal cancer. The vaccines provide the most protection if you get them before you are exposed to HPV. So it's best to get vaccinated before you become sexually active.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de vagina","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de vagina?\nEl cáncer de vagina (o cáncer vaginal) es un tipo poco común de cáncer que comienza en la vagina. La vagina es el conducto que va desde el cuello uterino (la abertura del útero) hasta el exterior del cuerpo.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer vaginal?\nTiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de vagina si:\n• Tiene 60 años o más\n• Ha tenido infecciones por ciertos tipos de virus del papiloma humano (VPH)\n• Estuvo expuesta a un medicamento llamado DES (dietilestilbestrol) antes de nacer. Entre 1940 y 1971, a veces se recetaba DES para prevenir abortos espontáneos. Posteriormente, el DES se relacionó con diferentes problemas de salud, incluyendo cáncer vaginal\n• Ha tenido células anormales en la vagina, el cuello uterino o el útero\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de vagina?\nA menudo, el cáncer de vagina no presenta síntomas tempranos. Sin embargo, consulte a su profesional de la salud si nota:\n• Sangrado vaginal que no es su menstruación\n• Un bulto vaginal\n• Dolor pélvico\n• Dolor durante relaciones sexuales\n• Dolor al orinar\n• Estreñimiento o sangre en las heces (deposiciones) u orina\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de vagina?\nPara averiguar si tiene cáncer vaginal, su profesional de la salud usará pruebas para examinar la vagina y otros órganos de su pelvis. Estas pueden incluir:\n• Examen pélvico: Su proveedor también puede realizar una prueba de Papanicolaou y/o una prueba de VPH durante su examen pélvico\n• Colposcopia: Procedimiento para examinar su cuello uterino, vagina y vulva\n• Biopsia: Procedimiento para extraer algunas células para que puedan analizarse en busca de cáncer\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de vagina?\nCon frecuencia, el cáncer vaginal se puede curar si se detecta temprano. Los tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía, radioterapia y/o quimioterapia.\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de vagina?\nLas vacunas que protegen contra la infección por VPH pueden reducir el riesgo de cáncer vaginal. Las vacunas brindan la mayor protección si se las aplica antes de exponerse al VPH. Por ello, es mejor vacunarse antes de iniciar la actividad sexual.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0082","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cervical-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cervical-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C53","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C77.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of cervix uteri, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1256072522/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1256072522/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cervical cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de col uterin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان عنق الرحم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina děložního čípku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gebärmutterhalskrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του τραχήλου της μήτρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de cuello uterino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du col de l'utérus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भाशय ग्रीवा का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhnyakrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della cervice uterina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"子宮頸がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁경부암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak szyjki macicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do colo do útero","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак шейки матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina krčka maternice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rahim ağzı kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак шийки матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"宫颈癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cervical Cancer","text":"What is cervical cancer?\nCervical cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. It is the lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb), which opens into the vagina (birth canal).\nCervical cancer usually develops slowly. Before cervical cells become cancer, they start to look abnormal. These cells are called \"precancers.\" If they aren't destroyed or removed, they may become cancer cells that grow out of control and spread to other parts of your body.\nScreening tests for cervical cancer can help find abnormal cells so you can get treatment to prevent cervical cancer. These tests can also find cervical cancer early when it's usually easier to treat.\nWhat causes cervical cancer?\nAlmost all cervical cancers are caused by a long-lasting infection with a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). There are many types of HPV. The types that cause cancer are called \"high-risk HPV.\" High-risk HPV is very common. It can be passed from one person to another through close skin-to-skin touching, usually during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Most people who are infected have no symptoms and don't know they have it.\nIf you're infected with high-risk HPV, usually your immune system will get rid of it within a year or two. But if your immune system can't control the infection, it may last for many years. Over time, HPV can turn normal cervical cells into abnormal cells. Without treatment, these cells may keep changing until they become cervical cancer.\nWho is more likely to develop cervical cancer?\nCervical cancer is most common in people over age 30. If you have a high-risk HPV infection in your cervix, you're more likely to develop cervical cancer if you:\n• Have a weakened immune system because you:\n• Have a disease that harms your immune system, such as HIV.\n• Take medicine to control your immune system, such as certain medicines to treat cancer or autoimmune diseases\n• Smoke tobacco or breathe secondhand smoke.\n• Use birth control pills or have given birth to many children.\n• Have obesity.\n• Were exposed to a medicine called DES (diethylstilbestrol) before you were born. Between 1940-1971, DES was sometimes prescribed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriages. DES was later linked to health problems, including cervical cancer.\nWhat are the symptoms of cervical cancer?\nCervical cancer usually doesn't cause symptoms when it first starts to grow. But when it does cause symptoms, they may include:\n• Vaginal bleeding that's not normal for you, such as bleeding after sex or between menstrual periods\n• Vaginal discharge (fluid) that's watery and has a strong odor or contains blood\n• Pelvic pain or pain during sex\nIf cervical cancer spreads to other parts of your body, symptoms may include:\n• Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge\n• Pelvic pain or pain during sex\n• Difficult or painful bowel movements (poops) or bleeding from the rectum when having a bowel movement\n• Difficult or painful urination (peeing) or blood in your urine (pee)\n• Dull backache\n• Swollen legs\n• Abdominal (belly) pain\n• Fatigue\nHow is cervical cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms or had an abnormal result on a screening test for cervical cancer, your health care provider will do more tests to find out if you have cervical cancer. They will:\n• Ask about your medical history and your family health history\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Suggest tests to diagnose or rule out cervical cancer, including:\n• Colposcopy, a procedure using a device called a colposcope, which helps your provider examine your cervix for abnormal areas\n• Cervical biopsy, a procedure to remove a tissue sample from your cervix so that it can be examined under a microscope to look for signs of cancer. Most biopsies can be done in your provider's office\nWhat are the treatments for cervical cancer?\nDifferent treatments are available for cervical cancer. The best treatment for you depends on your health, how much cancer you have, whether it has spread, and which treatment you prefer. You may have more than one treatment, including:\n• Surgery to remove the cancer.\n• Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. The therapy may use radiation from a machine, or a radioactive substance may be placed in your body near the cancer.\n• Chemotherapy (chemo), which uses special medicines to shrink or kill the cancer. The medicine may be pills, or it may be given through a vein (by IV). Sometimes, both types of chemo are used.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses special medicines to block the growth and spread of cancer cells.\n• Immunotherapy, which helps your immune system fight cancer cells.\nCan cervical cancer be prevented?\nAlmost all cervical cancer can be prevented by:\n• HPV vaccination. HPV vaccines provide the most protection if you get them before you're exposed to HPV. So, it's best to get vaccinated before you become sexually active. Medical experts recommend vaccinating children between ages 9 and 12.\n• Routine cervical cancer screening. Two types of screening tests may be part of your routine health checkup. Both tests use a sample of cervical cells that your provider collects with a swab:\n• A Pap smear checks for abnormal cells so they can be treated before they become cancer\n• An HPV test checks for high-risk HPV infections that can cause cancer.\n• Getting the right follow-up treatment if a screening test finds abnormal cells and/or high-risk HPV.\nYou can lower your risk for cervical cancer by not smoking. Using condoms correctly during sex lowers your risk of getting an HPV infection, but doesn't prevent it completely. Condom use has been linked to fewer cases of cervical cancer. If you or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de cuello uterino","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nEl cáncer de cuello uterino (o cáncer de cérvix) es un cáncer que comienza en las células del cuello uterino. El cuello uterino forma parte del sistema reproductor femenino. Es la parte inferior y estrecha del útero (matriz), que se conecta con la vagina (canal del parto).\nEl cáncer de cuello uterino suele desarrollarse lentamente. Antes de que las células del cuello uterino se conviertan en cáncer, comienzan a verse anormales, lo que se conoce como \"precáncer\". Si no se destruyen o eliminan, pueden convertirse en células cancerosas que crecen sin control y se propagan a otras partes del cuerpo.\nLas pruebas de detección del cáncer de cuello uterino pueden ayudar a encontrar células anormales, para así recibir tratamiento y prevenir el cáncer de cuello uterino. Estas pruebas también pueden detectar el cáncer de cuello uterino en forma temprana, cuando generalmente es más fácil de tratar.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nCasi todos los casos de cáncer de cuello uterino son causados por una infección prolongada con virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Existen muchos tipos de VPH. Los tipos que causan cáncer se denominan \"VPH de alto riesgo\". El VPH de alto riesgo es muy común. Se puede transmitir de una persona a otra a través del contacto directo de piel con piel, generalmente durante el sexo vaginal, anal u oral. La mayoría de las personas infectadas no presentan síntomas y no saben que lo tienen.\nSi tiene una infección de VPH de alto riesgo, en general su sistema inmunitario lo eliminará en un año o dos. Pero si su sistema inmunitario no puede controlar la infección, puede durar muchos años. Con el tiempo, el VPH puede convertir las células cervicales normales en células anormales. Sin tratamiento, estas células pueden seguir cambiando hasta convertirse en cáncer cervicouterino.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer cervical?\nEl cáncer cervical es más común en personas mayores de 30 años. Si tiene una infección por VPH de alto riesgo en el cuello uterino, tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer cervical si:\n• Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado porque:\n• Tiene una enfermedad que daña su sistema inmunitario, como el VIH\n• Toma medicamentos para controlar su sistema inmunitario, como ciertos medicamentos para tratar el cáncer o enfermedades autoinmunes\n• Fuma tabaco o está expuesto al humo de segunda mano\n• Usa píldoras anticonceptivas o ha tenido muchos hijos\n• Tiene obesidad\n• Estuvo expuesta a un medicamento llamado dietilestilbestrol (DES) antes de nacer. Entre 1940 y 1971, en ocasiones se recetaba DES durante el embarazo para prevenir abortos espontáneos. Tiempo después, el DES se relacionó con problemas de salud, incluyendo cáncer de cuello uterino\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de cuello uterino?\nEn general, el cáncer de cuello uterino no causa síntomas cuando comienza a crecer. Pero cuando causa síntomas, pueden incluir:\n• Sangrado vaginal que no es normal para usted, como sangrado después de tener relaciones sexuales o entre períodos menstruales\n• Secreción vaginal acuosa y con olor fuerte o que contiene sangre\n• Dolor pélvico o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales\nSi el cáncer de cuello uterino se propaga a otras partes de su cuerpo, los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Sangrado o secreción vaginal inusual\n• Dolor pélvico o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales\n• Evacuaciones intestinales difíciles o dolorosas o sangrado del recto al evacuar el intestino\n• Dificultad o dolor al orinar o sangre en la orina\n• Dolor leve de espalda\n• Hinchazón de las piernas\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Fatiga\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nSi tiene síntomas o tuvo un resultado anormal en una prueba de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino, su profesional de la salud le hará más pruebas para determinar si tiene cáncer de cuello uterino. Su proveedor:\n• Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus antecedentes familiares de salud\n• Le hará un examen pélvico\n• Le sugerirá pruebas para diagnosticar o descartar el cáncer de cuello uterino, incluyendo:\n• Colposcopia: Procedimiento que utiliza un dispositivo llamado colposcopio, que ayuda a su profesional de la salud a examinar su cuello uterino para detectar áreas anormales\n• Biopsia de cuello uterino: Procedimiento que extrae una muestra de tejido de su cuello uterino para examinarla bajo un microscopio buscando signos de cáncer. La mayoría de las biopsias se pueden realizar en el consultorio de su proveedor\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nHay diferentes tratamientos disponibles para el cáncer de cuello uterino. El mejor tratamiento para usted depende de su salud, el tamaño de su cáncer, si se ha propagado y qué tratamiento prefiere. Es posible que le hagan más de un tratamiento, incluyendo:\n• Cirugía para extirpar el cáncer\n• Radioterapia: Utiliza rayos X de alta energía u otros tipos de radiación para matar las células cancerosas o evitar que crezcan. La terapia puede utilizar radiación de una máquina o puede colocarse una sustancia radiactiva en su cuerpo cerca del cáncer\n• Quimioterapia: Utiliza medicamentos especiales para reducir o eliminar el cáncer. El medicamento puede ser en forma de pastillas o puede administrarse por vía intravenosa. En ocasiones, se utilizan ambos tipos de quimioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos especiales para bloquear el crecimiento y la propagación de las células cancerosas\n• Inmunoterapia: Ayuda al sistema inmunitario a combatir las células cancerosas\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nCasi todos los cánceres de cuello uterino se pueden prevenir con:\n• Vacuna contra el VPH: Las vacunas contra el VPH brindan la mayor protección si se aplican antes de estar expuesta al VPH. Por ello, es mejor vacunarse antes de comenzar a tener relaciones sexuales. Los expertos médicos recomiendan vacunar a los niños de entre nueve y 12 años\n• Examen de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino de rutina: Dos tipos de pruebas de detección pueden ser parte de su chequeo de salud de rutina. Ambas pruebas utilizan una muestra de células cervicales que su proveedor recolecta con un hisopo:\n• La prueba de Papanicolaou busca células anormales para que puedan tratarse antes de que se conviertan en cáncer\n• La prueba de VPH busca infecciones por VPH de alto riesgo que pueden causar cáncer\n• Recibir el tratamiento de seguimiento adecuado si una prueba de detección encuentra células anormales o VPH de alto riesgo\nUsted puede reducir su riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino si no fuma. El uso correcto de condones durante las relaciones sexuales reduce el riesgo de contraer una infección por VPH, pero no la previene por completo. El uso de preservativos se ha asociado con una reducción de casos de cáncer de cuello uterino. Si usted o su pareja son alérgicos al látex, pueden usar preservativos de poliuretano.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0083","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"uterine-endometrial-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/uterine-endometrial-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C54","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Uterine (endometrial) cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de corp uterin (endometrial)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان جسم الرحم (بطانة الرحم)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina těla děložního (endometria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gebärmutterkörperkrebs (Endometriumkarzinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του σώματος της μήτρας (ενδομητρίου)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de cuerpo uterino (endometrio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du corps de l'utérus (endomètre)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भाशय (एंडोमेट्रियल) कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhtestrák (endometriumrák)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del corpo dell'utero (endometrio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"子宮体がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁체부암(자궁내막암)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak trzonu macicy (endometrium)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do corpo do útero (endométrio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак тела матки (эндометрия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina tela maternice (endometria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rahim gövdesi (endometriyum) kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак тіла матки (ендометрія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"子宫体癌（子宫内膜癌）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Uterine Cancer","text":"What is uterine cancer?\nUterine cancer is a cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus, which is sometimes called the womb. The uterus is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy.\nThere are two types of uterine cancer:\n• Endometrial cancer is the most common type. This type of cancer begins in the cells lining the uterus, known as the endometrium.\n• Uterine sarcoma is a rare, more aggressive cancer that is harder to treat. This type of cancer begins in muscle or other tissues in the uterus.\nWho is more likely to develop uterine cancer?\nUterine cancer usually happens after menopause. The cause is unknown. However, some factors and conditions that change the balance of hormones in your body may increase your risk. These can include obesity or metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors for certain health problems).\nOther factors and conditions that may increase your risk for:\nEndometrial cancer\n• Taking estrogen-only hormone therapy after menopause.\n• Having type 2 diabetes\n• Starting menstruation at an early age or menopause at a later age\n• Having never been pregnant\n• Taking tamoxifen, a medicine used to prevent or treat breast cancer\n• Having polycystic ovary syndrome\n• Having a mother, sister, or daughter who has had endometrial cancer\n• Having certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome\n• Having endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining)\nUterine sarcoma\n• Having had past treatment with radiation therapy to the pelvis\n• Taking tamoxifen, a medicine used to prevent or treat breast cancer\nWhat are the symptoms of uterine cancer?\nThe most common symptom of both endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Both types of uterine cancer may also cause pelvic pain or pressure, unusual vaginal discharge, or an enlarged uterus or pelvic mass.\nLess common symptoms may include urinating (peeing) often, having trouble urinating, or pain during sexual intercourse.\nHow is uterine cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms of uterine cancer, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history and family health history\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Order imaging tests\n• Suggest a biopsy or a minor procedure called dilation and curettage (D & C) to check the lining of your uterus\nWhat are the treatments for uterine cancer?\nTreatment may depend on your health, how much cancer you have, and whether it has spread. The most common treatment is having a hysterectomy, which is surgery to remove the uterus. Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes.\nYou may have more than one type of treatment. Other treatments may include:\n• Hormone therapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy\nCan uterine cancer be prevented?\nThere is no sure way to prevent uterine cancer. But you can do things that may help lower your risk such as aiming for a healthy weight, getting regular physical activity, and talking to your provider about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de útero","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de útero?\nEl cáncer de útero se forma en los tejidos del útero, también llamado matriz. El útero o matriz es el lugar donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo.\nExisten dos tipos de cáncer de útero:\n• Cáncer de endometrio: Es el tipo más común. Este tipo de cáncer comienza en las células que recubren el útero, conocidas como endometrio.\n• Sarcoma uterino: Es un cáncer poco común, más agresivo y difícil de tratar. Este tipo de cáncer se origina en el músculo u otros tejidos del útero.\n¿Quiénes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de útero?\nEl cáncer de útero suele aparecer después de la menopausia. Se desconoce su causa. Sin embargo, algunos factores y afecciones que alteran el equilibrio hormonal del cuerpo pueden aumentar el riesgo. Estos incluyen la obesidad o el síndrome metabólico (un grupo de factores de riesgo para ciertos problemas de salud).\nOtros factores y afecciones que pueden aumentar el riesgo de padecer:\nCáncer de endometrio\n• Recibir terapia hormonal solo con estrógeno después de la menopausia\n• Tener diabetestipo 2\n• Comenzar la menstruación a una edad temprana o la menopausia a una edad más avanzada\n• No haber estado nunca embarazada\n• Tomar tamoxifeno, un medicamento utilizado para prevenir o tratar el cáncer de mama\n• Tener síndrome de ovario poliquístico\n• Tener una madre, hermana o hija que haya tenido cáncer de endometrio\n• Tener ciertas afecciones genéticas, como el síndrome de Lynch\n• Tener hiperplasia endometrial (engrosamiento del revestimiento uterino)\nSarcoma uterino\n• Haber recibido tratamiento previo con radioterapia pélvica\n• Tomar tamoxifeno, un medicamento utilizado para prevenir o tratar el cáncer de mama\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de útero?\nEl síntoma más común tanto del cáncer de endometrio como del sarcoma uterino es el sangrado vaginal anormal. Ambos tipos de cáncer uterino también pueden causar dolor pélvico o presión, flujo vaginal inusual o agrandamiento del útero o una masa pélvica.\nLos síntomas menos comunes pueden incluir orinar con frecuencia, tener dificultad para orinar o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de útero?\nSi tiene síntomas de cáncer de útero, su profesional de la salud podría:\n• Preguntarle sobre sus antecedentes médicos e historia familiar\n• Realizarle un examen pélvico\n• Solicitar pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen\n• Sugerirle una biopsia o un procedimiento menor llamado dilatación y legrado (D y L) para revisar el endometrio\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de útero?\nEl tratamiento puede depender de su salud, la extensión del cáncer y si se ha propagado. El tratamiento más común es una histerectomía, que es una cirugía para extirpar el útero. A veces, la cirugía también extrae los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio.\nEs posible que reciba más de un tipo de tratamiento. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Terapia hormonal\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de útero?\nNo existe una forma segura de prevenir el cáncer de útero. Sin embargo, puede tomar medidas para reducir el riesgo, como mantener un peso saludable, realizar actividad física con regularidad y hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre los beneficios y riesgos de la terapia hormonal.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0084","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"uterine-cancer-part-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/uterine-cancer-part-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C55","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Uterine cancer (part not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer uterin (localizare nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الرحم (جزء غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina dělohy (část neurčena)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gebärmutterkrebs (Teil nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της μήτρας (μη καθορισμένο τμήμα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de útero (parte no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'utérus (partie non précisée)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भाशय का कैंसर (भाग अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhrák (rész nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dell'utero (parte non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"子宮がん（部位不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁암(부위 미상)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak macicy (część nieokreślona)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do útero (parte não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак матки (часть не уточнена)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina maternice (časť neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rahim kanseri (bölge belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак матки (частина не уточнена)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"子宫癌（部位未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Uterine Cancer","text":"What is uterine cancer?\nUterine cancer is a cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus, which is sometimes called the womb. The uterus is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy.\nThere are two types of uterine cancer:\n• Endometrial cancer is the most common type. This type of cancer begins in the cells lining the uterus, known as the endometrium.\n• Uterine sarcoma is a rare, more aggressive cancer that is harder to treat. This type of cancer begins in muscle or other tissues in the uterus.\nWho is more likely to develop uterine cancer?\nUterine cancer usually happens after menopause. The cause is unknown. However, some factors and conditions that change the balance of hormones in your body may increase your risk. These can include obesity or metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors for certain health problems).\nOther factors and conditions that may increase your risk for:\nEndometrial cancer\n• Taking estrogen-only hormone therapy after menopause.\n• Having type 2 diabetes\n• Starting menstruation at an early age or menopause at a later age\n• Having never been pregnant\n• Taking tamoxifen, a medicine used to prevent or treat breast cancer\n• Having polycystic ovary syndrome\n• Having a mother, sister, or daughter who has had endometrial cancer\n• Having certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome\n• Having endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining)\nUterine sarcoma\n• Having had past treatment with radiation therapy to the pelvis\n• Taking tamoxifen, a medicine used to prevent or treat breast cancer\nWhat are the symptoms of uterine cancer?\nThe most common symptom of both endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Both types of uterine cancer may also cause pelvic pain or pressure, unusual vaginal discharge, or an enlarged uterus or pelvic mass.\nLess common symptoms may include urinating (peeing) often, having trouble urinating, or pain during sexual intercourse.\nHow is uterine cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms of uterine cancer, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history and family health history\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Order imaging tests\n• Suggest a biopsy or a minor procedure called dilation and curettage (D & C) to check the lining of your uterus\nWhat are the treatments for uterine cancer?\nTreatment may depend on your health, how much cancer you have, and whether it has spread. The most common treatment is having a hysterectomy, which is surgery to remove the uterus. Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes.\nYou may have more than one type of treatment. Other treatments may include:\n• Hormone therapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy\nCan uterine cancer be prevented?\nThere is no sure way to prevent uterine cancer. But you can do things that may help lower your risk such as aiming for a healthy weight, getting regular physical activity, and talking to your provider about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de útero","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de útero?\nEl cáncer de útero se forma en los tejidos del útero, también llamado matriz. El útero o matriz es el lugar donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo.\nExisten dos tipos de cáncer de útero:\n• Cáncer de endometrio: Es el tipo más común. Este tipo de cáncer comienza en las células que recubren el útero, conocidas como endometrio.\n• Sarcoma uterino: Es un cáncer poco común, más agresivo y difícil de tratar. Este tipo de cáncer se origina en el músculo u otros tejidos del útero.\n¿Quiénes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de útero?\nEl cáncer de útero suele aparecer después de la menopausia. Se desconoce su causa. Sin embargo, algunos factores y afecciones que alteran el equilibrio hormonal del cuerpo pueden aumentar el riesgo. Estos incluyen la obesidad o el síndrome metabólico (un grupo de factores de riesgo para ciertos problemas de salud).\nOtros factores y afecciones que pueden aumentar el riesgo de padecer:\nCáncer de endometrio\n• Recibir terapia hormonal solo con estrógeno después de la menopausia\n• Tener diabetestipo 2\n• Comenzar la menstruación a una edad temprana o la menopausia a una edad más avanzada\n• No haber estado nunca embarazada\n• Tomar tamoxifeno, un medicamento utilizado para prevenir o tratar el cáncer de mama\n• Tener síndrome de ovario poliquístico\n• Tener una madre, hermana o hija que haya tenido cáncer de endometrio\n• Tener ciertas afecciones genéticas, como el síndrome de Lynch\n• Tener hiperplasia endometrial (engrosamiento del revestimiento uterino)\nSarcoma uterino\n• Haber recibido tratamiento previo con radioterapia pélvica\n• Tomar tamoxifeno, un medicamento utilizado para prevenir o tratar el cáncer de mama\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de útero?\nEl síntoma más común tanto del cáncer de endometrio como del sarcoma uterino es el sangrado vaginal anormal. Ambos tipos de cáncer uterino también pueden causar dolor pélvico o presión, flujo vaginal inusual o agrandamiento del útero o una masa pélvica.\nLos síntomas menos comunes pueden incluir orinar con frecuencia, tener dificultad para orinar o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de útero?\nSi tiene síntomas de cáncer de útero, su profesional de la salud podría:\n• Preguntarle sobre sus antecedentes médicos e historia familiar\n• Realizarle un examen pélvico\n• Solicitar pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen\n• Sugerirle una biopsia o un procedimiento menor llamado dilatación y legrado (D y L) para revisar el endometrio\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de útero?\nEl tratamiento puede depender de su salud, la extensión del cáncer y si se ha propagado. El tratamiento más común es una histerectomía, que es una cirugía para extirpar el útero. A veces, la cirugía también extrae los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio.\nEs posible que reciba más de un tipo de tratamiento. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Terapia hormonal\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de útero?\nNo existe una forma segura de prevenir el cáncer de útero. Sin embargo, puede tomar medidas para reducir el riesgo, como mantener un peso saludable, realizar actividad física con regularidad y hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre los beneficios y riesgos de la terapia hormonal.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0085","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"ovarian-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/ovarian-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C56","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C73.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of ovary, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/685124533/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#685124533/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ovarian cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer ovarian","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المبيض","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina vaječníků","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eierstockkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των ωοθηκών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de ovario","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'ovaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अंडाशय का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Petefészekrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dell'ovaio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"卵巣がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"난소암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak jajnika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do ovário","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак яичника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina vaječníkov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yumurtalık kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак яєчника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"卵巢癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ovarian Cancer","text":"What is ovarian cancer?\nCancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the body grow out of control and form a tumor. Ovarian cancer is a cancerous tumor that forms in the tissues of an ovary. The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive glands that make eggs and female hormones.\nWhat are the types of ovarian cancer?\nThere are a few different types of ovarian cancer. The most common type is epithelial cancer. It begins in the cells that cover the ovary.\nThere are also two related types of epithelial cancer that can spread to the ovaries:\n• Fallopian tube cancer forms in the tissue lining a fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are a pair of long, slender tubes on each side of the uterus. The uterus is the female reproductive organ where a fetus grows during pregnancy.\n• Primary peritoneal cancer forms in the tissue lining the peritoneum. Your peritoneum is a tissue lining that covers the organs in the abdomen (belly).\nThese two cancers are like ovarian cancer, and they have the same treatments. So some medical experts also consider those two types as ovarian cancer.\nSome other rarer types of ovarian cancer are malignant germ cell tumors and stromal tumors.\nWhat causes ovarian cancer?\nOvarian cancer happens when there are changes (mutations) in the genetic material (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nMost ovarian cancers are caused by genetic changes that happen during your lifetime. But sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Ovarian cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary ovarian cancer.\nThere are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of ovarian cancer, including changes called BRCA1 and BRCA2. These two changes also raise your risk of breast and other cancers.\nBesides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of ovarian cancer.\nWho is more likely to develop ovarian cancer?\nCertain people are more likely to develop ovarian cancer. They include those who:\n• Have a family history of ovarian cancer in a mother, aunt, grandmother, or sister\n• Have inherited changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes\n• Have certain other genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome\n• Have endometriosis\n• Took hormone therapy for menopause\n• Are overweight or have obesity\n• Are tall\n• Are older, especially those who have gone through menopause\n• Have never been pregnant\nWhat are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?\nOvarian cancer may not cause early signs or symptoms. By the time you do have signs or symptoms, the cancer is often advanced.\nThe signs and symptoms may include:\n• Pain, swelling, or a feeling of pressure in the abdomen (belly) or pelvis\n• Sudden or frequent urge to urinate (pee)\n• Trouble eating or feeling full\n• A lump in the pelvic area\n• Gastrointestinal problems, such as gas, bloating, or constipation\nHow is ovarian cancer diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have ovarian cancer, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms\n• Will ask about your family health history, including relatives who have had ovarian cancer\n• Will do a physical exam, including a pelvic exam\n• Will likely do imaging tests\n• May do blood tests such as a CA-125 blood test\nOften the only way to know for sure that you have ovarian cancer is by having a biopsy of the tissue. A biopsy is done during surgery to remove the tumor.\nWhat are the treatments for ovarian cancer?\nTreatments for ovarian cancer may include:\n• Surgery to remove as much of the cancer as possible\n• Chemotherapy\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\nYour provider may suggest that you have genetic testing to look for the gene changes that raise the risk for ovarian cancer. Knowing whether you have the gene change may help your provider decide on your treatment plan.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de ovario","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de ovario?\nEl cáncer es una enfermedad en la que células anormales en el cuerpo crecen sin control, formando un tumor. El cáncer de ovario es un tumor canceroso que se forma en los tejidos de un ovario. Los ovarios son un par de glándulas reproductivas femeninas que producen óvulos y hormonas femeninas.\n¿Qué tipos de cáncer de ovario hay?\nExisten tipos diferentes de cáncer de ovario. El tipo más común es el cáncer epitelial. Comienza en las células que recubren el ovario.\nAdemás, hay dos tipos relacionados de cáncer epitelial que pueden propagarse a los ovarios:\n• El cáncer de trompa de Falopio se forma en el tejido que recubre una trompa de Falopio. Las trompas de Falopio son un par de tubos largos y delgados a cada lado del útero. El útero es el órgano reproductor femenino donde crece un feto durante el embarazo\n• El cáncer peritoneal primario se forma en el tejido que recubre el peritoneo, un revestimiento de tejido que cubre los órganos en el abdomen\nAmbos tipos de cáncer se parecen al de ovario y tienen los mismos tratamientos. Por ello, algunos expertos médicos también los consideran como tipos de cáncer de ovario.\nOtros tipos de cáncer de ovario menos comunes son los tumores malignos de células germinales y los tumores del estroma.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer de ovario?\nEl cáncer de ovario ocurre cuando hay cambios (mutaciones) en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.\nLa mayoría de los cánceres de ovario son causados por cambios genéticos que ocurren durante la vida. Pero, en ocasiones, estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que nace con ellos. El cáncer de ovario causado por cambios genéticos hereditarios se conoce como cáncer de ovario hereditario.\nTambién hay ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de ovario, incluyendo cambios llamados BRCA1 y BRCA2. Estos dos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de mama y de otros tipos.\nAdemás de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de ovario.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ovario?\nCiertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ovario, como quienes:\n• Tienen antecedentes familiares de cáncer de ovario en una madre, tía, abuela o hermana\n• Tienen cambios hereditarios en los genes BRCA1 o BRCA2\n• Tienen ciertas afecciones genéticas, como el síndrome de Lynch\n• Tienen endometriosis\n• Recibieron terapia hormonal para la menopausia\n• Tienen sobrepeso u obesidad\n• Son de estatura alta\n• Son mayores, especialmente quienes han pasado por la menopausia\n• Nunca han estado embarazadas\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de ovario?\nEs posible que el cáncer de ovario no cause signos o síntomas temprano. En el momento en que se presentan signos o síntomas, a menudo el cáncer está avanzado.\nLos signos y síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Dolor, hinchazón o sensación de presión en el abdomen o la pelvis\n• Urgencia repentina o frecuente de orinar\n• Problemas para comer o sentirse lleno\n• Un bulto en el área pélvica\n• Problemas gastrointestinales, como gas, hinchazón o estreñimiento\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de ovario?\nPara saber si tiene cáncer de ovario, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar, incluyendo familiares que hayan tenido cáncer de ovario\n• Realizar un examen físico, incluyendo un examen pélvico\n• Es probable que haga pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen\n• Puede hacer exámenes de sangre como una prueba de CA-125 en la sangre\nA menudo, la única manera de saber con certeza si tiene cáncer de ovario es mediante una biopsia del tejido. Esta se realiza durante la cirugía para extirpar el tumor.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de ovario?\nLos tratamientos para el cáncer de ovario pueden incluir:\n• Cirugía para extirpar la mayor cantidad posible de cáncer\n• Quimioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\nSu profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que se realice pruebas genéticas para detectar cambios genéticos que aumenten el riesgo de cáncer de ovario. Saber si tiene el cambio genético puede ayudar a su proveedor a decidir sobre su plan de tratamiento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0086","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cancer-of-other-female-genital-organs","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cancer-of-other-female-genital-organs","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C57","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C7Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of female genital organs, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/751805133/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#751805133/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cancer of other female genital organs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al altor organe genitale feminine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان أعضاء تناسلية أنثوية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina jiných ženských pohlavních orgánů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krebs anderer weiblicher Geschlechtsorgane","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος άλλων γυναικείων γεννητικών οργάνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de otros órganos genitales femeninos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer d'autres organes génitaux féminins","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य महिला जननांगों का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb női nemi szervek rákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore di altri organi genitali femminili","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の女性生殖器のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 여성 생식기암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak innych żeńskich narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro de outros órgãos genitais femininos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак других женских половых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina iných ženských pohlavných orgánov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer kadın üreme organlarının kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак інших жіночих статевих органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他女性生殖器官癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0087","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"placental-cancer-choriocarcinoma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/placental-cancer-choriocarcinoma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C58","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Placental cancer (choriocarcinoma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer placentar (coriocarcinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المشيمة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina placenty (choriokarcinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Plazentakrebs (Chorionkarzinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του πλακούντα (χοριοκαρκίνωμα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de placenta (coriocarcinoma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du placenta (choriocarcinome)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अपरा का कैंसर (कोरियोकार्सिनोमा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhlepényrák (choriocarcinoma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della placenta (coriocarcinoma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胎盤のがん（絨毛がん）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"태반암(융모막암)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak łożyska (rak kosmówki)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da placenta (coriocarcinoma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак плаценты (хориокарцинома)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina placenty (choriokarcinóm)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Plasenta kanseri (koryokarsinom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак плаценти (хоріокарцинома)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胎盘癌（绒毛膜癌）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0088","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"prostate-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/prostate-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C61","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C82.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of prostate, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1552457716/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1552457716/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Prostate cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de prostată","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان البروستاتا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Prostatakrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του προστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de próstata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la prostate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रोस्टेट कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Prosztatarák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della prostata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"前立腺がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전립선암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da próstata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак предстательной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Prostat kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак передміхурової залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"前列腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Prostate Cancer","text":"What is prostate cancer?\nCancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Prostate cancer begins in the cells of the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.\nProstate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It often grows very slowly. If it does not spread to other parts of the body, it may not cause serious problems. But sometimes prostate cancer can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. This kind of prostate cancer is serious.\nWhat causes prostate cancer?\nResearchers don't know for sure what causes prostate cancer. They do know that it happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA).\nSometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. There are also certain genetic changes that happen during your lifetime that can raise your risk of prostate cancer. But often the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nWho is more likely to develop prostate cancer?\nAnyone who has a prostate can develop prostate cancer. But certain factors can make you more likely to develop it:\n• Age. Your chance of developing prostate cancer increases as you get older. Prostate cancer is rare in people under age 50.\n• Family health history. Your risk of prostate cancer is higher if you have a parent, sibling, or child who has or has had prostate cancer.\n• Race. African Americans are more likely to get prostate cancer. They're also more likely to:\n• Get prostate cancer at a younger age.\n• Have more serious prostate cancer.\n• Die from prostate cancer.\nWhat are the symptoms of prostate cancer?\nProstate cancer doesn't always cause symptoms, especially at first. If it does cause symptoms, they may include:\n• Problems urinating (peeing), such as:\n• A urine stream that's weak, hard to start, or starts and stops\n• Suddenly needing to urinate right away\n• Urinating often, especially at night\n• Pain or burning when urinating\n• Blood in your urine or semen\n• Pain in your lower back, hips, or pelvis that does not go away\n• Painful ejaculation (the release of semen through the penis during orgasm)\nBut many of these symptoms may be from other common prostate problems that aren't cancer, such as an enlarged prostate.\nYou should discuss your prostate health with your health care provider if you:\n• Have symptoms that could be prostate cancer\n• Have a high risk for developing prostate cancer\n• Had a screening test that suggests you could have prostate cancer\nWhat are prostate tests and how is prostate cancer diagnosed?\nTests which check for prostate cancer include:\n• A digital rectal exam (DRE). In this exam, your provider feels your prostate for lumps or anything unusual by inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum.\n• A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. A high PSA blood level may be a sign of prostate cancer. But many other things can cause high PSA levels, too.\n• Imaging tests. These tests may use ultrasound or MRI to make pictures of your prostate.\nIf these tests show that you might have prostate cancer, the next step is usually a prostate biopsy. A biopsy is the only way to diagnose prostate cancer.\nDuring a biopsy, a doctor uses a hollow needle to remove some prostate tissue. The tissue is studied under a microscope to look for cancer cells.\nWhat are the treatments for prostate cancer?\nYour treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, and how serious the cancer is. Your treatment may include one or more options:\n• Observation,which is mostly used if you are older, your prostate cancer isn't likely to grow quickly, and you don't have symptoms or you have other medical conditions. Your doctor will keep checking on your cancer over time so to see whether you will need to start treatment for the cancer. There are two types of observation:\n• Watchful waiting means having little or no testing. If symptoms begin or change, you will get treatment to relieve them, but not to treat the cancer.\n• Active surveillance means having regular tests to see if your prostate cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow or if you develop symptoms, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.\n• Surgery to remove your prostate gland may be an option if your cancer hasn't spread outside of your prostate.\n• Radiation therapy uses high energy to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.\n• Hormone therapy blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow. It may include taking medicines or having surgery to remove the testicles.\n• Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells, slow their growth, or stop them from spreading. You might take the drugs by mouth, as an injection (shot), as a cream, or intravenously (by IV).\n• Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells. This treatment causes less harm to healthy cells than radiation therapy or chemotherapy.\n• Immunotherapy helps your own immune system to fight cancer.\nCan prostate cancer be prevented?\nMaking healthy lifestyle changes may help to prevent some prostate cancers. These changes include:\n• Being at a healthy weight\n• Quitting smoking\n• Getting enough exercise\n• Eating healthy foods\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de próstata","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de próstata?\nEl cáncer es una enfermedad en la que las células del cuerpo crecen sin control. El cáncer de próstata comienza en las células de la próstata, una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Esta se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga y produce un líquido que forma parte del semen.\nEl cáncer de próstata es uno de los tipos más comunes. A menudo crece muy lentamente. Si no se propaga a otras partes del cuerpo, es posible que no cause problemas graves. Pero, en ocasiones, el cáncer de próstata puede crecer rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo. Este tipo de cáncer de próstata es grave.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer de próstata?\nLos investigadores no saben bien qué causa el cáncer de próstata. Sí saben que ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN).\nEn ocasiones, estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nacen con ellos. También hay ciertos cambios genéticos que ocurren durante la vida que pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de próstata. Pero a menudo se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de próstata?\nCualquier persona que tenga próstata puede desarrollar cáncer de próstata. Pero ciertos factores pueden hacer que sea más probable su aparición:\n• Edad: Su probabilidad de tener cáncer de próstata aumenta a medida que envejece. El cáncer de próstata es raro en personas menores de 50 años\n• Historia familiar de salud: Su riesgo de cáncer de próstata es mayor si tiene un padre, un hermano o un hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata\n• Raza: Los afroamericanos son más propensos a padecer cáncer de próstata. También es más probable que:\n• Tengan cáncer de próstata a una edad más temprana\n• Tengan un cáncer de próstata más grave\n• Puedan morir de cáncer de próstata\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de próstata?\nEl cáncer de próstata no siempre causa síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si causa síntomas, estos pueden incluir:\n• Problemas para orinar, como:\n• Un chorro de orina que es débil, difícil de comenzar o comienza y se detiene\n• Necesidad repentina de orinar de inmediato\n• Orinar con frecuencia, especialmente por la noche\n• Dolor o ardor al orinar\n• Sangre en la orina o semen\n• Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda, las caderas o la pelvis que no desaparece\n• Dolor durante la eyaculación (la expulsión de semen a través del pene durante el orgasmo)\nPero muchos de estos síntomas pueden deberse a otros problemas comunes de la próstata que no son cáncer, como el agrandamiento de la próstata.\nDebe hablar sobre la salud de su próstata con su profesional de la salud si:\n• Tiene síntomas que podrían ser cáncer de próstata\n• Tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de próstata\n• Le hicieron una prueba de detección que sugiere que podría tener cáncer de próstata\n¿Qué son las pruebas para la próstata y cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de próstata?\nLas pruebas que detectan el cáncer de próstata incluyen:\n• Examen rectal digital: En este examen, su proveedor palpa su próstata en busca de bultos o cualquier cosa inusual insertando un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto\n• Prueba de sangre del antígeno prostático específico (PSA): Un nivel alto de PSA en la sangre puede ser un signo de cáncer de próstata. Pero muchas otras cosas también pueden causar niveles altos de PSA\n• Pruebas de imagen: Estas pruebas pueden usar ultrasonido o resonancia magnética para tomar imágenes de su próstata\nSi estas pruebas muestran que es posible que tenga cáncer de próstata, el siguiente paso suele ser una biopsia de próstata. Una biopsia es la única manera de diagnosticar el cáncer de próstata.\nDurante una biopsia, un médico usa una aguja para extraer un poco de tejido de la prostáta. El tejido se estudia bajo un microscopio para buscar células cancerosas.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata?\nEn general, las opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su estado general de salud y la gravedad del cáncer. El tratamiento puede incluir una o más de las siguientes opciones:\n• Observación: Se usa principalmente si es mayor, no es probable que su cáncer de próstata crezca rápidamente y no tiene síntomas o tiene otras afecciones médicas. Su profesional de la salud seguirá controlando su cáncer a lo largo del tiempo para ver si necesitará comenzar un tratamiento para el cáncer. Hay dos tipos de observación:\n• Espera vigilante significa tener pocas o ninguna prueba. Si los síntomas comienzan o cambian, recibirá tratamiento para aliviarlos, pero no para tratar el cáncer\n• Vigilancia activa significa hacerse pruebas periódicas para ver si su cáncer de próstata ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer o si presenta síntomas, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer\n• La cirugía para extirpar la próstata puede ser una opción si el cáncer no se ha propagado fuera de la próstata\n• La radioterapia usa mucha energía para destruir las células cancerosas o evitar que crezcan\n• La terapia hormonal impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer. Puede incluir tomar medicamentos o someterse a una cirugía para extirpar los testículos\n• La quimioterapia utiliza medicamentos para destruir las células cancerosas, retrasar su crecimiento o evitar que se propaguen. Puede tomar los medicamentos por vía oral, por inyección, como crema o por vía intravenosa\n• La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas. Este tratamiento causa menos daño a las células sanas que la radioterapia o la quimioterapia\n• La inmunoterapia ayuda a su propio sistema inmunitario a combatir el cáncer\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de próstata?\nHacer cambios saludables en el estilo de vida puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer de próstata. Estos cambios incluyen:\n• Tener un peso saludable\n• No fumar\n• Hacer suficiente ejercicio\n• Consumir alimentos saludables\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0005","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0018","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0076","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0082","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0107","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0201","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0254","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0273","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0279","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0089","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"testicular-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/testicular-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C62","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Testicular cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer testicular","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الخصية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina varlat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hodenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των όρχεων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de testículo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du testicule","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वृषण का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hererák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del testicolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"精巣がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"고환암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak jądra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do testículo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак яичка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina semenníkov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Testis kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак яєчка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"睾丸癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Testicular Cancer","text":"What is testicular cancer?\nTesticular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles. The testicles, or testes, are part of the male reproductive system. They make male hormones and sperm. They are two egg-shaped glands inside the scrotum, a sac of loose skin that lies below the penis. You can get cancer in one or both testicles.\nWho is most likely to develop testicular cancer?\nTesticular cancer is very rare. You can get it at any age, but it is most common in men between the ages of 20 and 39. It is also more common in those who:\n• Have had abnormal testicle development\n• Have had an undescended testicle, a condition in which one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth\n• Have had testicle cancer before\n• Have a family history of the cancer\n• Are White\nWhat are the symptoms of testicular cancer?\nThe symptoms of testicular cancer may include:\n• A painless lump or swelling in either testicle\n• A change in how the testicle feels\n• A dull ache in the lower abdomen (belly) or the groin (the area where the thigh meets the abdomen)\n• A sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum\n• Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum\nHow is testicular cancer diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have testicular cancer, your health care provider may use:\n• A physical exam.\n• Blood tests.\n• An ultrasound of the testicles.\n• An inguinal orchiectomy, which is a procedure to remove the entire testicle. A tissue sample from the testicle is viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells.\nWhat are the treatments for testicular cancer?\nTesticular cancer can usually be cured.The treatment options include:\n• Surgery (if the testicle has not already been removed during diagnosis).\n• Radiation therapy.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant.\n• Surveillance, which might be done after surgery. It means that your provider will closely follow your condition with regular exams and tests. You won't get any further treatment unless there are changes in your test results.\nSome of the treatments may also cause infertility. If you may want to have children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment.\nAfter you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it's important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de testículo","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer testicular?\nEl cáncer testicular es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos de uno o ambos testículos. Los testículos son parte del sistema reproductivo del hombre. Producen hormonas masculinas y esperma. Son dos glándulas con forma de huevo dentro del escroto, un saco de piel suelta ubicado debajo del pene. Se puede tener cáncer en uno o ambos testículos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer testicular?\nEl cáncer testicular es muy raro. Puede contraerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en hombres entre 20 y 39 años. También es más común en una persona que:\n• Ha tenido un desarrollo testicular anormal\n• Ha tenido un testículo no descendido, una afección en la que uno o ambos testículos no bajan al escroto antes del nacimiento\n• Tuvo cáncer de testículo antes\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer\n• Es caucásico\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer testicular?\nLos síntomas del cáncer testicular pueden incluir:\n• Un bulto que no duele o hinchazón en cualquiera de los testículos\n• Un cambio en cómo se siente el testículo\n• Un dolor sordo en la parte inferior del abdomen (vientre) o en la ingle (el área donde el muslo se une con el abdomen)\n• Una acumulación repentina de líquido en el escroto\n• Dolor o malestar en un testículo o en el escroto\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer testicular?\nPara saber si tiene cáncer testicular, su profesional de la salud puede usar:\n• Un examen físico\n• Análisis de sangre\n• Una ecografía de testículos\n• Una orquiectomía inguinal, un procedimiento para extirpar todo el testículo. Una muestra de tejido del testículo se observa bajo un microscopio para detectar células cancerosas\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer testicular?\nPor lo general, el cáncer de testículo se puede curar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:\n• Cirugía (si el testículo aún no se ha extirpado durante el diagnóstico)\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Quimioterapia de dosis alta con trasplante de células madre\n• Vigilancia, que puede realizarse después de la cirugía. Esta significa que su profesional de la salud seguirá de cerca su afección con exámenes y pruebas regulares. No recibirá tratamiento adicional a menos que haya cambios en los resultados de su prueba\nAlgunos de los tratamientos también pueden causar infertilidad. Si es posible que desee tener hijos más adelante, debe considerar un banco de esperma antes del tratamiento.\nUna vez haya terminado su tratamiento, necesitará pruebas de seguimiento periódicas para asegurarse de que el cáncer no haya regresado. Si ha tenido cáncer en un testículo, tiene un mayor riesgo de tener cáncer en el otro testículo. Por ello, es importante revisar el otro testículo con regularidad e informar a su proveedor de atención médica si nota algún cambio o síntoma inusual.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0090","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cancer-of-other-male-genital-organs","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cancer-of-other-male-genital-organs","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C63","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C84","display":"Malignant neoplasms of other specified male genital organs","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1299055263","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1299055263"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cancer of other male genital organs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al altor organe genitale masculine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان أعضاء تناسلية ذكرية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina jiných mužských pohlavních orgánů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krebs anderer männlicher Geschlechtsorgane","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος άλλων ανδρικών γεννητικών οργάνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de otros órganos genitales masculinos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer d'autres organes génitaux masculins","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य पुरुष जननांगों का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb férfi nemi szervek rákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore di altri organi genitali maschili","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の男性生殖器のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 남성 생식기암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak innych męskich narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro de outros órgãos genitais masculinos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак других мужских половых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina iných mužských pohlavných orgánov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer erkek üreme organlarının kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак інших чоловічих статевих органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他男性生殖器官癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0091","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"kidney-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/kidney-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C64","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2C90.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of kidney, except renal pelvis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1048613131/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1048613131/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Kidney cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer renal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الكلى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina ledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nierenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του νεφρού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de riñón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du rein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुर्दे का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Veserák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del rene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腎臓がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신장암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak nerki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do rim","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак почки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina obličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Böbrek kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак нирки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Cancer","text":"You have two kidneys. They are fist-sized organs on either side of your backbone above your waist. The tubes inside filter and clean your blood, taking out waste products and making urine. Kidney cancer forms in the lining of tiny tubes inside your kidneys.\nKidney cancer becomes more likely as you age. Risk factors include smoking, having certain genetic conditions, and misusing pain medicines for a long time.\nYou may have no symptoms at first. They may appear as the cancer grows. See your health care provider if you notice:\n• Blood in your urine\n• A lump in your abdomen\n• Weight loss for no reason\n• Pain in your side that does not go away\n• Loss of appetite\nTests to diagnose kidney cancer include blood, urine, and imaging tests. You may also have a biopsy.\nTreatment depends on your age, your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, biologic, or targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de riñón","text":"Usted tiene dos riñones. Los riñones son órganos del tamaño de un puño de la mano ubicados a cada lado de la columna, por arriba de la cintura. Los tubos que se encuentran dentro de ellos filtran y limpian la sangre eliminando los productos de desecho y produciendo orina. El cáncer de riñón se forma en la membrana que recubre los tubos diminutos que están dentro de los riñones.\nEste cáncer se hace más común a medida que envejecemos. Los factores de riesgo incluyen fumar, algunas enfermedades genéticas y el mal uso de analgésicos por períodos prolongados.\nEs probable que las personas con cáncer de riñón no tengan síntomas al principio de la enfermedad pero van apareciendo a medida que el cáncer crece. Consulte a su médico si observa:\n• Sangre en la orina\n• Un bulto en el abdomen\n• Pérdida de peso sin razón\n• Dolor en el costado que no desaparece\n• Pérdida del apetito\nLas pruebas para detectar cáncer de riñón incluyen exámenes de sangre, orina y de imagen. Usted también puede necesitar una biopsia.\nEl tratamiento depende de la edad, el estado general de salud y de cuán avanzado esté el cáncer. Podría incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radiación, terapia biológica o dirigida. La terapia biológica estimula la capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0092","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"renal-pelvis-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/renal-pelvis-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C65","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Renal pelvis cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de bazinet renal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان حوض الكلية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina ledvinné pánvičky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nierenbeckenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της νεφρικής πυέλου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de pelvis renal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du bassinet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुर्दे की श्रोणि का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vesemedence-rák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della pelvi renale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腎盂がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신우암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak miedniczki nerkowej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da pélvis renal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак почечной лоханки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina obličkovej panvičky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Böbrek pelvisi kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак ниркової миски","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾盂癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Cancer","text":"You have two kidneys. They are fist-sized organs on either side of your backbone above your waist. The tubes inside filter and clean your blood, taking out waste products and making urine. Kidney cancer forms in the lining of tiny tubes inside your kidneys.\nKidney cancer becomes more likely as you age. Risk factors include smoking, having certain genetic conditions, and misusing pain medicines for a long time.\nYou may have no symptoms at first. They may appear as the cancer grows. See your health care provider if you notice:\n• Blood in your urine\n• A lump in your abdomen\n• Weight loss for no reason\n• Pain in your side that does not go away\n• Loss of appetite\nTests to diagnose kidney cancer include blood, urine, and imaging tests. You may also have a biopsy.\nTreatment depends on your age, your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, biologic, or targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de riñón","text":"Usted tiene dos riñones. Los riñones son órganos del tamaño de un puño de la mano ubicados a cada lado de la columna, por arriba de la cintura. Los tubos que se encuentran dentro de ellos filtran y limpian la sangre eliminando los productos de desecho y produciendo orina. El cáncer de riñón se forma en la membrana que recubre los tubos diminutos que están dentro de los riñones.\nEste cáncer se hace más común a medida que envejecemos. Los factores de riesgo incluyen fumar, algunas enfermedades genéticas y el mal uso de analgésicos por períodos prolongados.\nEs probable que las personas con cáncer de riñón no tengan síntomas al principio de la enfermedad pero van apareciendo a medida que el cáncer crece. Consulte a su médico si observa:\n• Sangre en la orina\n• Un bulto en el abdomen\n• Pérdida de peso sin razón\n• Dolor en el costado que no desaparece\n• Pérdida del apetito\nLas pruebas para detectar cáncer de riñón incluyen exámenes de sangre, orina y de imagen. Usted también puede necesitar una biopsia.\nEl tratamiento depende de la edad, el estado general de salud y de cuán avanzado esté el cáncer. Podría incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radiación, terapia biológica o dirigida. La terapia biológica estimula la capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0093","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bladder-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bladder-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C67","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bladder cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de vezică urinară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان المثانة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina močového měchýře","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Blasenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος της ουροδόχου κύστης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de vejiga","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la vessie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मूत्राशय का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Húgyhólyagrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della vescica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"膀胱がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"방광암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak pęcherza moczowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da bexiga","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак мочевого пузыря","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina močového mechúra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mesane kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак сечового міхура","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"膀胱癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bladder Cancer","text":"The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Bladder cancer occurs in the lining of the bladder. It is the sixth most common type of cancer in the United States.\nSymptoms include:\n• Blood in your urine\n• A frequent urge to urinate\n• Pain when you urinate\n• Low back pain\nRisk factors for developing bladder cancer include smoking and exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace. People with a family history of bladder cancer or who are older, White, or male have a higher risk.\nTreatments for bladder cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de vejiga","text":"La vejiga es un órgano hueco en la parte inferior del abdomen donde se almacena la orina. El cáncer de vejiga ocurre en la membrana interna de la vejiga. Es el sexto tipo más común de cáncer en los Estados Unidos.\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Sangre en la orina\n• Urgencia frecuente de orinar\n• Dolor al orinar\n• Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda\nLos factores de riesgo incluyen fumar y la exposición a ciertas sustancias químicas en el ambiente de trabajo. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de cáncer de vejiga y de edad madura, son de raza blanca o sexo masculino tienen un mayor riesgo.\nLos tratamientos contra el cáncer de vejiga incluyen la cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia y terapia biológica. La terapia biológica o inmunoterapia estimula la capacidad de su propio cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0094","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cancer-of-other-urinary-organs","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cancer-of-other-urinary-organs","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C68","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cancer of other urinary organs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer al altor organe urinare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان أعضاء بولية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina jiných močových orgánů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krebs anderer Harnorgane","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος άλλων ουροποιητικών οργάνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de otros órganos urinarios","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer d'autres organes urinaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य मूत्र अंगों का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb húgyszervek rákja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore di altri organi urinari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の尿路のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 비뇨기암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak innych narządów moczowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro de outros órgãos urinários","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак других мочевых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina iných močových orgánov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer idrar organlarının kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак інших сечових органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他泌尿器官癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0095","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"eye-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/eye-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C69","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2D0Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of eye or ocular adnexa, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1376721186/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1376721186/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Eye cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer ocular","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان العين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina oka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Augenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του οφθαλμού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de ojo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de l'œil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंख का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szemrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore dell'occhio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"眼のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"안암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak oka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do olho","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак глаза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina oka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Göz kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак ока","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"眼癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eye Cancer","text":"Cancer of the eye is uncommon. It can affect the outer parts of the eye, such as the eyelid, which are made up of muscles, skin and nerves. If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma. The most common eye cancer in children is retinoblastoma, which starts in the cells of the retina. Cancer can also spread to the eye from other parts of the body.\nTreatment for eye cancer varies by the type and by how advanced it is. It may include surgery, radiation therapy, freezing or heat therapy, or laser therapy.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de ojo","text":"El cáncer de ojo es poco común. Puede afectar las partes externas del ojo, como los párpados, que están formados por músculos, piel y nervios. Si comienza en el interior del globo ocular se denomina cáncer intraocular. Los cánceres intraoculares más comunes en adultos son el melanoma y el linfoma. El cáncer de ojo más común en los niños es el retinoblastoma, que comienza en las células de la retina. El cáncer también puede diseminarse desde el ojo hasta otras partes del cuerpo.\nEl tratamiento del cáncer de ojo varía según el tipo y el estado en el que se encuentre. Puede incluir cirugía, radioterapia, terapia con calor o frío o tratamiento con rayos láser.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0096","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"brain-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/brain-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C71","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2A00.5","display":"Primary neoplasm of brain of unknown or unspecified type","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/677986724","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#677986724"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Brain cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer cerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الدماغ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zhoubný nádor mozku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hirntumor (bösartig)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του εγκεφάλου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer cerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer du cerveau","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्तिष्क का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rosszindulatú agydaganat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore maligno del cervello","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脳腫瘍（悪性）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak mózgu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro do cérebro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак головного мозга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zhubný nádor mozgu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Beyin kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак головного мозку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Brain Tumors","text":"A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign, with no cancer cells, or malignant, with cancer cells that grow quickly. Some are primary brain tumors, which start in the brain. Others are metastatic, and they start somewhere else in the body and move to the brain.\nBrain tumors can cause many symptoms. Some of the most common are:\n• Headaches, often in the morning\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Changes in your ability to talk, hear, or see\n• Problems with balance or walking\n• Problems with thinking or memory\n• Feeling weak or sleepy\n• Changes in your mood or behavior\n• Seizures\nDoctors diagnose brain tumors by doing a neurologic exam and tests including an MRI, CT scan, and biopsy. Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Many people get a combination of treatments.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tumores cerebrales","text":"Un tumor cerebral es un crecimiento de células anormales en el tejido del cerebro. Los tumores pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o malignos (con células cancerígenas que crecen muy rápido). Algunos son primarios, o sea, que comienzan en el cerebro. Otros son metastásicos, o sea, que comenzaron en alguna otra parte del cuerpo y llegan al cerebro.\nLos tumores en el cerebro pueden mostrar varios síntomas. Estos son algunos de los más comunes:\n• Dolores de cabeza, generalmente por la mañana\n• Náusea y vómitos\n• Cambios en la capacidad para hablar, escuchar o ver\n• Problemas de equilibrio o al caminar\n• Problemas con el pensamiento o la memoria\n• Debilidad o sentir muchas ganas de dormir\n• Cambios en el estado de ánimo o conducta\n• Convulsiones\nLos doctores diagnostican estos tumores por medio de un examen neurológico y otras pruebas como imágenes por resonancia magnética, tomografía computarizada o una biopsia. El tratamiento incluye la espera cautelosa (vigilancia sin administrar ningún tratamiento hasta que los síntomas se presenten o cambien), cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. La mayoría de las personas, recibe una combinación de estos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0097","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"thyroid-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/thyroid-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C73","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2D10.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of thyroid gland, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/447433352/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#447433352/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Thyroid cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer tiroidian","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الغدة الدرقية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina štítné žlázy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schilddrüsenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος του θυρεοειδούς","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de tiroides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la thyroïde","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"थायरॉइड कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pajzsmirigyrák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore della tiroide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"甲状腺がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"갑상선암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak tarczycy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da tiroide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак щитовидной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina štítnej žľazy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tiroid kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак щитоподібної залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲状腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Thyroid Cancer","text":"What is thyroid cancer?\nThyroid cancer is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the thyroid. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.\nWhat are the different types of thyroid cancer?\nThere are different types of thyroid cancer; the main ones include:\n• Differentiated thyroid cancer, which includes papillary cancer and follicular cancer\n• Medullary thyroid cancer\n• Anaplastic thyroid cancer\nWho is more likely to develop thyroid cancer?\nCertain people are more likely to develop thyroid cancer. Your risk is higher if you:\n• Are between ages 25 and 65\n• Are a woman\n• Are Asian\n• Were exposed to certain types of radiation, including from radiation treatments to your head or neck as a child or from a radiation emergency\n• Have had a goiter (enlarged thyroid)\n• Having certain genetic conditions, including certain types of multiple endocrine neoplasia\n• Have a family history of thyroid cancer or thyroid disease\nWhat are the symptoms of thyroid cancer?\nThyroid cancer may not cause symptoms at first. It is sometimes found during a routine physical exam. You may get signs or symptoms as the cancer gets bigger. The symptoms may include:\n• A lump (nodule) in the neck\n• Trouble breathing\n• Trouble swallowing\n• Pain when swallowing\n• Hoarseness or other changes to your voice that do not get better\nHow is thyroid cancer diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have thyroid cancer, your health care provider may use:\n• A physical exam, including checking your neck for swelling, lumps, or anything that seems unusual\n• A medical history\n• Thyroid tests\n• Other blood or imaging tests\n• A biopsy\nWhat are the treatments for thyroid cancer?\nTreatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer you have and whether the cancer has spread. Often, more than one type of treatment may be needed. The treatment options include:\n• Surgery.\n• Radiation therapy, including radioactive iodine therapy.\n• Chemotherapy.\n• Thyroid hormone therapy.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.\n• Watchful waiting, which means that you don't get treatment right away. Your regularly checks to see if your signs or symptoms appear or change.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de tiroides","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de tiroides?\nEl cáncer de tiroides comienza en los tejidos de la tiroides. La tiroides es una glándula pequeña con forma de mariposa en la parte frontal de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de cáncer de tiroides?\nHay diferentes tipos de cáncer de tiroides; los principales incluyen:\n• Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, incluyendo cáncer papilar y folicular de tiroides\n• Cáncer de tiroides medular\n• Cáncer de tiroides anaplásico\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de tiroides?\nCiertas personas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de tiroides. Su riesgo es mayor si usted:\n• Tiene entre 25 y 65 años\n• Es mujer\n• Es asiático\n• Estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, incluyendo radioterapia en la cabeza o cuello cuando era niño o de una emergencia de radiación\n• Ha tenido bocio (tiroides agrandada)\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones genéticas, incluyendo ciertos tipos de neoplasia endocrina múltiple\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer de tiroides o enfermedad de la tiroides\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de tiroides?\nEs posible que el cáncer de tiroides no cause síntomas al principio. En ocasiones, se encuentra durante un examen físico de rutina. Es posible que tenga signos o síntomas a medida que el cáncer crece. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Un bulto (nódulo) en el cuello\n• Problemas para respirar\n• Problemas para tragar\n• Dolor al tragar\n• Ronquera u otros cambios en su voz que no mejoran\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de tiroides?\nPara saber si tiene cáncer de tiroides, su profesional de la salud puede usar:\n• Un examen físico, que incluye revisar su cuello en busca de inflamación, bultos o cualquier cosa que parezca inusual\n• Su historia clínica\n• Pruebas de tiroides\n• Otras pruebas de sangre o de imágenes\n• Biopsia\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de tiroides?\nEl tratamiento para el cáncer de tiroides depende del tipo de cáncer que tenga y de si el cáncer se ha diseminado. A menudo, se puede necesitar más de un tipo de tratamiento. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:\n• Cirugía\n• Radioterapia, incluyendo terapia con yodo radiactivo\n• Quimioterapia\n• Terapia con hormonas tiroideas\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\n• Espera vigilante: También llamada observación cautelosa. Significa que no recibe tratamiento de inmediato. Usted se observa regularmente para ver si sus signos o síntomas aparecen o cambian\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0045","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0199","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0309","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0335","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0362","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0098","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"adrenal-gland-cancer","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/adrenal-gland-cancer","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C74","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2D11.Z","display":"Malignant neoplasms of adrenal gland, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1766185236/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1766185236/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Adrenal gland cancer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de glandă suprarenală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطان الغدة الكظرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina nadledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nebennierenkrebs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνος των επινεφριδίων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cáncer de glándula suprarrenal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cancer de la glande surrénale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अधिवृक्क ग्रंथि का कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mellékveserák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore del surrene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"副腎がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부신암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak nadnercza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cancro da glândula suprarrenal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рак надпочечника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rakovina nadobličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Böbrek üstü bezi kanseri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рак наднирника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾上腺癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Adrenal Gland Cancer","text":"Your adrenal, or suprarenal, glands are located on the top of each kidney. These glands produce hormones that you can't live without, including sex hormones and cortisol, which helps you respond to stress and has many other functions.\nA number of disorders can affect the adrenal glands, including tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. Most adrenal gland tumors are benign. They usually do not cause symptoms and may not require treatment. Malignant adrenal gland cancers are uncommon.\nTypes of tumors include:\n• Adrenocortical carcinoma - cancer in the outer part of the gland\n• Neuroblastoma, a type of childhood cancer\n• Pheochromocytoma - a rare tumor that is usually benign\nSymptoms depend on the type of cancer you have. Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales","text":"Sus glándulas suprarrenales se encuentran encima de cada riñón. Estas glándulas producen hormonas que son esenciales para la vida, incluyendo hormonas sexuales y cortisol, que ayuda a responder al estrés y tiene muchas otras funciones.\nVarios problemas pueden afectar a las glándulas suprarrenales, incluyendo tumores. Éstos pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los tumores benignos no son cáncer, pero sí los malignos. La mayoría de los tumores de las glándulas suprarrenales son benignos (no cancerosos). Usualmente no causan síntomas y pueden no necesitar tratamiento. Los tumores malignos (cancerosos) de glándulas suprarrenales son poco comunes.\nLos tipos de tumores incluyen:\n• Carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal, un cáncer en la parte externa de la glándula\n• Neuroblastoma, un tipo de cáncer que afecta a los niños\n• Feocromocitoma, un tumor raro que usualmente es benigno.\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de cáncer que tenga. Los tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radioterapia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0099","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hodgkin-lymphoma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hodgkin-lymphoma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C81","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B30.Z","display":"Hodgkin lymphoma, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1528863768/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1528863768/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hodgkin Lymphoma","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linfoma de Hodgkin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Limfom Hodgkin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"لمفوما هودجكين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hodgkinův lymfom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hodgkin-Lymphom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λέμφωμα Hodgkin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lymphome de Hodgkin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हॉजकिन लिंफोमा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hodgkin-limfóma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linfoma di Hodgkin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ホジキンリンパ腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"호지킨 림프종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Chłoniak Hodgkina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linfoma de Hodgkin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лимфома Ходжкина","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hodgkinov lymfóm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hodgkin lenfoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лімфома Ходжкіна","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"霍奇金淋巴瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hodgkin Disease"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hodgkin Lymphoma","text":"What is Hodgkin lymphoma?\nHodgkin lymphoma, also called Hodgkin disease, is a type of cancer that develops in the lymph system. Your lymph system is part of your immune system. It helps protect your body from infection and disease.\nThe lymph system is made up of tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells. It includes your:\n• Bone marrow\n• Lymph nodes\n• Lymphatic vessels\n• Spleen\n• Thymus\n• Tonsils\nHodgkin lymphoma is one of the main types of lymphoma. The other is non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Each type starts in different types of white blood cells.\nWhat causes Hodgkin lymphoma?\nThe cause of Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown. But there are certain people who are at higher risk of developing it.\nWho is more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma?\nCertain factors can make you more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma:\n• Age. Hodgkin lymphoma is most common in early adulthood (age 20-39 years) and in late adulthood (age 65 years and older).\n• Being male. The risk of adult Hodgkin lymphoma is slightly higher in males than in females.\n• Past Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Having an infection with EBV as a young child or teenager increases your risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.\n• A family history of Hodgkin lymphoma. Having a parent or sibling with Hodgkin lymphoma increases your risk of developing it.\nWhat are the symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma?\nThe signs and symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma may include:\n• Painless, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin\n• Fever for no known reason\n• Drenching night sweats (very heavy sweating during sleep)\n• Weight loss for no known reason in the past 6 months\n• Itchy skin, especially after bathing or drinking alcohol\n• Fatigue\nHow is Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have Hodgkin lymphoma, your provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms and medical history. This will include checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual.\n• May order some lab tests, such as:\n• Complete blood count\n• Blood chemistry studies\n• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test\n• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test\n• Blood tests to rule out other medical conditions\n• May do imaging tests such as a CT and PET (positron emission tomography) scans\n• May do a lymph node biopsy\nWhat are the treatments for Hodgkin lymphoma?\nTreatments for Hodgkin lymphoma include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\n• Cancer immunotherapy\nHodgkin lymphoma can usually be cured if it is found and treated early.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hodgkinlymphoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Linfoma de Hodgkin","text":"¿Qué es el linfoma de Hodgkin?\nEl linfoma de Hodgkin, también conocido como enfermedad de Hodgkin, es un tipo de cáncer que se desarrolla en el sistema linfático. Su sistema linfático es parte de su sistema inmunitario. Ayuda a proteger su cuerpo de infecciones y enfermedades.\nEl sistema linfático está formado por tejidos y órganos que producen, almacenan y transportan glóbulos blancos. Incluye:\n• Médula ósea\n• Ganglios linfáticos\n• Vasos linfáticos\n• Bazo\n• Timo\n• Amígdalas\nEl linfoma de Hodgkin es uno de los principales tipos de linfoma. El otro es el linfoma no Hodgkin. Cada tipo comienza en diferentes tipos de glóbulos blancos.\n¿Qué causa el linfoma de Hodgkin?\nNo se conoce la causa del linfoma de Hodgkin. Pero hay ciertas personas que tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollarlo.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin?\nCiertos factores pueden hacerle más propenso a desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin:\n• Su edad: El linfoma de Hodgkin es más común en la edad adulta temprana (20 a 39 años) y en personas mayores (65 años o más)\n• Ser hombre: El riesgo de linfoma de Hodgkin en adultos es ligeramente mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres\n• Infección previa por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV): Tener una infección con EBV cuando niño o adolescente aumenta el riesgo de linfoma de Hodgkin\n• Antecedentes familiares de linfoma de Hodgkin: Tener un padre o un hermano con linfoma de Hodgkin aumenta el riesgo de desarrollarlo\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del linfoma de Hodgkin?\nLos signos y síntomas del linfoma de Hodgkin pueden incluir:\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados e indoloros en el cuello, la axila o la ingle\n• Fiebre sin razón conocida\n• Sudores nocturnos intensos (sudoración muy abundante mientras duerme)\n• Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente en los últimos 6 meses\n• Comezón en la piel, especialmente después de bañarse o beber alcohol\n• Fatiga\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el linfoma de Hodgkin?\nPara saber si tiene linfoma de Hodgkin, su profesional de la salud:\n• Le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas e historial médico: Esto incluye verificar si hay signos de enfermedad, como bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual\n• Puede solicitar algunas pruebas de laboratorio, como:\n• Hemograma completo\n• Estudios de química sanguínea\n• Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)\n• Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica\n• Exámenes de sangre para descartar otras afecciones médicas\n• Es posible que se realicen pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, como tomografías computarizadas y PET (tomografía por emisión de positrones)\n• Puede hacer una biopsia de ganglio linfático\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el linfoma de Hodgkin?\nLos tratamientos para el linfoma de Hodgkin incluyen:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia para el cáncer\nEn general, el linfoma de Hodgkin se puede curar si se detecta y se trata a tiempo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0052","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0217","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0240","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0260","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0100","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lymphoid-leukaemia-not-elsewhere-classified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lymphoid-leukaemia-not-elsewhere-classified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C91","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B33.3","display":"Lymphoid leukaemia, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/216388623","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#216388623"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leucemie limfoidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ابيضاض الدم اللمفاوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lymfatická leukémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lymphatische Leukämie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεμφική λευχαιμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia linfoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Leucémie lymphoïde","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लिम्फॉइड ल्यूकेमिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Limfoid leukémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia linfoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リンパ性白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"림프구성 백혈병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Białaczka limfatyczna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia linfoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лимфолейкоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lymfatická leukémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenfoid lösemi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лімфолейкоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"淋巴细胞白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lymphoid leukaemia","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia","text":"What is leukemia?\nLeukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:\n• White blood cells help your body fight infection\n• Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs\n• Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding\nWhen you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.\nWhat is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?\nAcute lymphocytic leukemia is a type of acute leukemia. It's also called ALL and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. \"Acute\" means that it usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. ALL is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.\nIn ALL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. These cells normally help your body fight infection. But in ALL, they are abnormal and cannot fight infection very well. They also crowd out the healthy cells, which can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. These abnormal cells can also spread to other parts of the body, including the brain and spinal cord.\nWhat causes acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?\nALL happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of ALL.\nWho is at risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?\nThe factors that raise your risk of ALL include:\n• Being male\n• Being white\n• Being over age 70\n• Having had chemotherapy or radiation therapy\n• Having been exposed to high levels of radiation\n• Having certain genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome\nWhat are the symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?\nThe signs and symptoms of ALL include:\n• Weakness or feeling tired\n• Fever or night sweats\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.\n• Shortness of breath\n• Weight loss or loss of appetite\n• Pain in the bones or stomach\n• Pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs\n• Swollen lymph nodes - you may notice them as painless lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin\n• Having had many infections\nHow is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose ALL and figure out which subtype you have:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history\n• Blood tests, such as\n• Complete blood count (CBC) with differential\n• Blood chemistry tests such as a basic metabolic panel (BMP), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), kidney function tests, liver function tests, and electrolyte panel\n• Blood smear\n• Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.\n• Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes\nIf you are diagnosed with ALL, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).\nWhat are the treatments for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?\nTreatments for ALL include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\nTreatment is usually done in two phases:\n• The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This treatment puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.\n• The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.\nTreatment during both phases also usually includes central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis therapy. This therapy helps prevent the spread of leukemia cells to the brain and spinal cord. It may be high dose chemotherapy or chemotherapy injected into the spinal cord. It also sometimes includes radiation therapy.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leucemia linfocítica aguda","text":"¿Qué es la leucemia?\nSe conoce como leucemia al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:\n• Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones\n• Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos\n• Las plaquetas ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado\nCuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.\n¿Qué es la leucemia linfocítica aguda?\nLa leucemia linfocítica aguda es un tipo de leucemia aguda. También se conoce como leucemia linfoblástica aguda. El término aguda significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápidamente si no se trata. Este es el tipo de cáncer más común en los niños. También puede afectar a los adultos.\nEn la leucemia linfocítica aguda, la médula ósea produce demasiados linfocitos, un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Normalmente, estas células ayudan al cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Pero en la leucemia linfocítica aguda, son anormales y no pueden combatir bien las infecciones. También desplazan a las células sanas, lo que puede provocar infecciones, anemia y sangrado fácil. Estas células anormales también pueden propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el cerebro y la médula espinal.\n¿Qué causa la leucemia linfocítica aguda?\nLa leucemia linfocítica aguda ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica aguda.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de padecer leucemia linfocítica aguda?\nLos factores que aumentan el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:\n• Ser hombre\n• Ser blanco\n• Tener más de 70 años\n• Haber recibido quimioterapia o radioterapia\n• Haber estado expuesto a altos niveles de radiación\n• Tener ciertos trastornos genéticos, como el síndrome de Down\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia linfocítica aguda?\nLos signos y síntomas de leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:\n• Debilidad o cansancio\n• Fiebre o sudores nocturnos\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel causados por el sangrado)\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Pérdida de peso o de apetito\n• Dolor en los huesos o el estómago\n• Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados. Es posible que los note como bultos indoloros en el cuello, las axilas, el estómago o la ingle\n• Haber tenido muchas infecciones\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia linfocítica aguda?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia linfocítica aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene, por ejemplo:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica\n• Análisis de sangre, como:\n• Conteo sanguíneo completo con diferencial\n• Pruebas de química sanguínea: Miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas específicas son un panel metabólico básico, un panel metabólico completo, pruebas de función renal, pruebas de función hepática y un análisis de electrolitos\n• Frotis de sangre\n• Pruebas de médula ósea: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis\n• Pruebas genéticas para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos\nSi le diagnostican leucemia linfocítica aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica aguda?\nLos tratamientos para leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Terapia de radiación\n• Quimioterapia con trasplante de células madre\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\nEl tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:\n• El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Este tratamiento busca poner a la leucemia en remisión, es decir, que los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen\n• La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión. Su objetivo es prevenir una recaída (regreso) del cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer\nEl tratamiento durante ambas fases también suele incluir terapia de profilaxis del sistema nervioso central. Esta ayuda a prevenir la propagación de las células leucémicas al cerebro y la médula espinal. Puede ser quimioterapia de dosis alta o quimioterapia inyectada en la médula espinal. En ocasiones, también incluye radioterapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0220","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Leukemia, Lymphoid — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0101","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"myeloid-leukaemia-c92","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/myeloid-leukaemia-c92","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C92","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B33.1","display":"Myeloid leukaemia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2018018546","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2018018546"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Myeloid leukaemia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leucemie mieloidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ابيضاض الدم النقوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Myeloidní leukémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Myeloische Leukämie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μυελογενής λευχαιμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia mieloide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Leucémie myéloïde","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मायलॉइड ल्यूकेमिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mieloid leukémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia mieloide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨髄性白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골수성 백혈병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Białaczka szpikowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia mieloide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Миелоидный лейкоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Myeloidná leukémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Miyeloid lösemi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мієлоїдний лейкоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"髓系白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia","text":"What is leukemia?\nLeukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:\n• White blood cells help your body fight infection\n• Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs\n• Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding\nWhen you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.\nWhat is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of acute leukemia. \"Acute\" means that the leukemia usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. In AML, the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.\nThere are several different subtypes of AML. The subtypes are based on how developed the cancer cells are when you get your diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells.\nWhat causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nAML happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of AML.\nWho is at risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nThe factors that raise your risk of AML include:\n• Being male\n• Smoking, especially after age 60\n• Having had chemotherapy or radiation therapy\n• Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a child\n• Exposure to the chemical benzene\n• A history of another blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome\nWhat are the symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nThe signs and symptoms of AML include:\n• Fever\n• Shortness of breath\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.\n• Weakness or feeling tired\n• Weight loss or loss of appetite\n• Bone or joint pain, if the abnormal cells build up near or inside the bones\nHow is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose AML and figure out which subtype you have:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history\n• Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and blood smear\n• Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.\n• Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes\nIf you are diagnosed with AML, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).\nWhat are the treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nTreatments for AML include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant\n• Other anticancer medicines\nWhich treatment you get often depends on which subtype of AML you have.\nTreatment is usually done in two phases:\n• The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.\n• The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leucemia mielógena aguda","text":"¿Qué es la leucemia?\nSe conoce como leucemia al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:\n• Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones\n• Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos\n• Las plaquetas ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado\nCuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.\n¿Qué es la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nLa leucemia mielógena aguda, también conocida como leucemia mieloide aguda, es un tipo de leucemia aguda. \"Agudo\" significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápido si no se trata. En esta leucemia, la médula ósea produce mieloblastos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco), glóbulos rojos o plaquetas. Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, anemia y sangrado fácil. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.\nHay varios subtipos diferentes de leucemia mielógena aguda. Los subtipos se basan en qué tan desarrolladas están las células cancerosas cuando recibe su diagnóstico y qué tan diferentes son de las células normales.\n¿Qué causa la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nEsta leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. Se desconoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar leucemia mielógena aguda.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer leucemia mielógena aguda?\nLos factores que aumentan su riesgo incluyen:\n• Ser hombre\n• Fumar, especialmente después de los 60 años\n• Haber recibido quimioterapia o radioterapia\n• Haber sido tratado por leucemia linfocítica aguda durante la niñez\n• Exposición al benceno químico\n• Antecedentes de otro trastorno sanguíneo como síndromes mielodisplásicos\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nSus signos y síntomas incluyen:\n• Fiebre\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Petequias, pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado\n• Debilidad o fatiga\n• Pérdida de peso o del apetito\n• Dolor de huesos o articulaciones, si las células anormales se acumulan cerca o dentro de los huesos\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia mielógena aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene:\n• Examen físico\n• Historia clínica\n• Análisis de sangre, como un conteo sanguíneo completo (CBC) y un frotis de sangre\n• Pruebas de médula ósea: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis\n• Pruebas genéticas para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos\nSi le diagnostican leucemia mielógena aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda?\nLos tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda incluyen:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia con trasplante de células madre\n• Otros medicamentos contra el cáncer\nA menudo, el tratamiento que reciba depende del subtipo de leucemia que tenga.\nEl tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:\n• El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Esto pone la leucemia en remisión, es decir, los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen\n• La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión\nSu objetivo es prevenir que reaparezca (regrese) el cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0102","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"myeloid-leukaemia-c93","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/myeloid-leukaemia-c93","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C93","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B33.1","display":"Myeloid leukaemia","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2018018546","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2018018546"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leucemie monocitară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ابيضاض الدم وحيدات النواة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Monocytární leukémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Monozytenleukämie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μονοκυτταρική λευχαιμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia monocítica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Leucémie monocytaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मोनोसाइटिक ल्यूकेमिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Monocitás leukémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia monocitica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"単球性白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"단핵구성 백혈병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Białaczka monocytowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia monocítica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Моноцитарный лейкоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Monocytová leukémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Monositik lösemi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Моноцитарний лейкоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"单核细胞白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Monocytic leukaemia","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia","text":"What is leukemia?\nLeukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:\n• White blood cells help your body fight infection\n• Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs\n• Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding\nWhen you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.\nWhat is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of acute leukemia. \"Acute\" means that the leukemia usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. In AML, the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.\nThere are several different subtypes of AML. The subtypes are based on how developed the cancer cells are when you get your diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells.\nWhat causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nAML happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of AML.\nWho is at risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nThe factors that raise your risk of AML include:\n• Being male\n• Smoking, especially after age 60\n• Having had chemotherapy or radiation therapy\n• Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a child\n• Exposure to the chemical benzene\n• A history of another blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome\nWhat are the symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nThe signs and symptoms of AML include:\n• Fever\n• Shortness of breath\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.\n• Weakness or feeling tired\n• Weight loss or loss of appetite\n• Bone or joint pain, if the abnormal cells build up near or inside the bones\nHow is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose AML and figure out which subtype you have:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history\n• Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and blood smear\n• Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.\n• Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes\nIf you are diagnosed with AML, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).\nWhat are the treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?\nTreatments for AML include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant\n• Other anticancer medicines\nWhich treatment you get often depends on which subtype of AML you have.\nTreatment is usually done in two phases:\n• The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.\n• The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leucemia mielógena aguda","text":"¿Qué es la leucemia?\nSe conoce como leucemia al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:\n• Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones\n• Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos\n• Las plaquetas ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado\nCuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.\n¿Qué es la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nLa leucemia mielógena aguda, también conocida como leucemia mieloide aguda, es un tipo de leucemia aguda. \"Agudo\" significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápido si no se trata. En esta leucemia, la médula ósea produce mieloblastos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco), glóbulos rojos o plaquetas. Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, anemia y sangrado fácil. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.\nHay varios subtipos diferentes de leucemia mielógena aguda. Los subtipos se basan en qué tan desarrolladas están las células cancerosas cuando recibe su diagnóstico y qué tan diferentes son de las células normales.\n¿Qué causa la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nEsta leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. Se desconoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar leucemia mielógena aguda.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer leucemia mielógena aguda?\nLos factores que aumentan su riesgo incluyen:\n• Ser hombre\n• Fumar, especialmente después de los 60 años\n• Haber recibido quimioterapia o radioterapia\n• Haber sido tratado por leucemia linfocítica aguda durante la niñez\n• Exposición al benceno químico\n• Antecedentes de otro trastorno sanguíneo como síndromes mielodisplásicos\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nSus signos y síntomas incluyen:\n• Fiebre\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Petequias, pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado\n• Debilidad o fatiga\n• Pérdida de peso o del apetito\n• Dolor de huesos o articulaciones, si las células anormales se acumulan cerca o dentro de los huesos\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia mielógena aguda?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia mielógena aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene:\n• Examen físico\n• Historia clínica\n• Análisis de sangre, como un conteo sanguíneo completo (CBC) y un frotis de sangre\n• Pruebas de médula ósea: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis\n• Pruebas genéticas para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos\nSi le diagnostican leucemia mielógena aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda?\nLos tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda incluyen:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia con trasplante de células madre\n• Otros medicamentos contra el cáncer\nA menudo, el tratamiento que reciba depende del subtipo de leucemia que tenga.\nEl tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:\n• El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Esto pone la leucemia en remisión, es decir, los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen\n• La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión\nSu objetivo es prevenir que reaparezca (regrese) el cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0103","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"neoplasms-of-haematopoietic-or-lymphoid-tissues-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/neoplasms-of-haematopoietic-or-lymphoid-tissues-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C94","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B3Z","display":"Neoplasms of haematopoietic or lymphoid tissues, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/944754984/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#944754984/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte leucemii cu tip celular precizat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أنواع أخرى من ابيضاض الدم محددة الخلايا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné leukémie určeného buněčného typu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Leukämien näher bezeichneten Zelltyps","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες λευχαιμίες καθορισμένου κυτταρικού τύπου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras leucemias de tipo celular especificado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres leucémies à cellules précisées","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"निर्दिष्ट कोशिका प्रकार के अन्य ल्यूकेमिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb meghatározott sejttípusú leukémiák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre leucemie di tipo cellulare specificato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の細胞型が特定された白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 세포형이 명시된 백혈병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne białaczki określonego typu komórek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras leucemias de tipo celular especificado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие лейкозы уточнённого клеточного типа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné leukémie určeného bunkového typu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Belirtilmiş hücre tipli diğer lösemiler","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші лейкози уточненого клітинного типу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他特指细胞类型的白血病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other leukaemias of specified cell type","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Leukemia","text":"What is leukemia?\nLeukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:\n• White blood cells help your body fight infection\n• Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs\n• Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding\nWhen you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.\nWhat are the types of leukemia?\nThere are different types of leukemia. Which type of leukemia you have depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly.\nThe type of blood cell could be:\n• Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell\n• Myeloid cells, immature cells that become white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets\nThe different types can grow quickly or slowly:\n• Acute leukemia is fast growing. It usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated.\n• Chronic leukemia is slow growing. It usually gets worse over a longer period of time.\nThe main types of leukemia are:\n• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.\n• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is more common in older adults but can also affect children\n• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age.\n• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which usually occurs in adults during or after middle age\nWhat causes leukemia?\nLeukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nWho is at risk for leukemia?\nFor the specific types, there are different factors which can raise your risk of getting that type. Overall, your risk of leukemia goes up as you age. It is most common over age 60.\nWhat are the symptoms of leukemia?\nSome of the symptoms of leukemia may include:\n• Feeling tired\n• Fever or night sweats\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Weight loss or loss of appetite\n• Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.\nOther leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chromic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.\nHow is leukemia diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history\n• Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC)\n• Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.\n• Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes\nOnce the provider makes a diagnosis, there may be additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).\nWhat are the treatments for leukemia?\nThe treatments for leukemia depend on which type you have, how severe the leukemia is, your age, your overall health, and other factors. Some possible treatments might include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leucemia","text":"¿Qué es la leucemia?\nSe conoce como leucemia al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:\n• Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones\n• Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos\n• Las plaquetas ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado\nCuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia?\nExisten diferentes tipos de leucemia. El tipo de leucemia que tenga depende del tipo de glóbulo que se convierte en cáncer y de si crece rápida o lentamente.\nEl tipo de glóbulo puede ser:\n• Linfocitos: Un tipo de glóbulo blanco\n• Células mieloides: Células inmaduras que se convierten en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos o plaquetas\nLos diferentes tipos pueden crecer de forma rápida o lenta:\n• La leucemia aguda crece rápidamente. Por lo general, empeora rápidamente si no se trata\n• La leucemia crónica es de crecimiento lento. Por lo general, empeora durante un período de tiempo más prolongado\nLos principales tipos de leucemia son:\n• Leucemia linfocítica aguda: Es el tipo de cáncer más común en niños. También puede afectar a los adultos\n• Leucemia mielógena aguda: Es más común en los adultos mayores, pero también puede afectar a los niños\n• Leucemia linfocítica crónica: Es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad\n• Leucemia mielógena crónica: En general, se presenta en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad\n¿Qué causa la leucemia?\nLa leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos.\n¿Quiénes presentan mayor riesgo de tener leucemia?\nPara los tipos específicos, existen diferentes factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de presentar ese tipo. En general, su riesgo de leucemia aumenta con la edad. Es más común después de los 60 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia?\nAlgunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de cansancio\n• Fiebre o sudores nocturnos\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Pérdida de peso o del apetito\n• Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)\nOtros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crómica no cause síntomas al principio.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica\n• Análisis de sangre, como un conteo sanguíneo completo\n• Pruebas de médula ósea: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis\n• Pruebas genéticas para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos\nUna vez que el profesional de la salud hace un diagnóstico, es posible que se realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia?\nLos tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo que tenga, la gravedad de la leucemia, su edad, su salud en general y otros factores. Algunos tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia con trasplante de células madre\n• Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0104","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"leukaemia-cell-type-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/leukaemia-cell-type-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C95","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B33.4","display":"Leukaemia, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1385484871","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1385484871"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Leukaemia (cell type not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leucemie (tip celular nespecificat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ابيضاض الدم (نوع الخلايا غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Leukémie (buněčný typ neurčen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Leukämie (Zelltyp nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λευχαιμία (μη καθορισμένου κυτταρικού τύπου)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia (tipo celular no especificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Leucémie (type cellulaire non précisé)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ल्यूकेमिया (कोशिका प्रकार अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Leukémia (sejttípus nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia (tipo cellulare non specificato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"白血病（細胞型不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"백혈병(세포형 미상)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Białaczka (typ komórek nieokreślony)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leucemia (tipo celular não especificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лейкоз (клеточный тип не уточнён)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Leukémia (bunkový typ neurčený)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lösemi (hücre tipi belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лейкоз (клітинний тип не уточнено)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"白血病（细胞类型未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Leukemia","text":"What is leukemia?\nLeukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:\n• White blood cells help your body fight infection\n• Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs\n• Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding\nWhen you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.\nWhat are the types of leukemia?\nThere are different types of leukemia. Which type of leukemia you have depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly.\nThe type of blood cell could be:\n• Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell\n• Myeloid cells, immature cells that become white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets\nThe different types can grow quickly or slowly:\n• Acute leukemia is fast growing. It usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated.\n• Chronic leukemia is slow growing. It usually gets worse over a longer period of time.\nThe main types of leukemia are:\n• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.\n• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is more common in older adults but can also affect children\n• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age.\n• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which usually occurs in adults during or after middle age\nWhat causes leukemia?\nLeukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nWho is at risk for leukemia?\nFor the specific types, there are different factors which can raise your risk of getting that type. Overall, your risk of leukemia goes up as you age. It is most common over age 60.\nWhat are the symptoms of leukemia?\nSome of the symptoms of leukemia may include:\n• Feeling tired\n• Fever or night sweats\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Weight loss or loss of appetite\n• Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.\nOther leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chromic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.\nHow is leukemia diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history\n• Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC)\n• Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.\n• Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes\nOnce the provider makes a diagnosis, there may be additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).\nWhat are the treatments for leukemia?\nThe treatments for leukemia depend on which type you have, how severe the leukemia is, your age, your overall health, and other factors. Some possible treatments might include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leucemia","text":"¿Qué es la leucemia?\nSe conoce como leucemia al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:\n• Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones\n• Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos\n• Las plaquetas ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado\nCuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia?\nExisten diferentes tipos de leucemia. El tipo de leucemia que tenga depende del tipo de glóbulo que se convierte en cáncer y de si crece rápida o lentamente.\nEl tipo de glóbulo puede ser:\n• Linfocitos: Un tipo de glóbulo blanco\n• Células mieloides: Células inmaduras que se convierten en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos o plaquetas\nLos diferentes tipos pueden crecer de forma rápida o lenta:\n• La leucemia aguda crece rápidamente. Por lo general, empeora rápidamente si no se trata\n• La leucemia crónica es de crecimiento lento. Por lo general, empeora durante un período de tiempo más prolongado\nLos principales tipos de leucemia son:\n• Leucemia linfocítica aguda: Es el tipo de cáncer más común en niños. También puede afectar a los adultos\n• Leucemia mielógena aguda: Es más común en los adultos mayores, pero también puede afectar a los niños\n• Leucemia linfocítica crónica: Es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad\n• Leucemia mielógena crónica: En general, se presenta en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad\n¿Qué causa la leucemia?\nLa leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos.\n¿Quiénes presentan mayor riesgo de tener leucemia?\nPara los tipos específicos, existen diferentes factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de presentar ese tipo. En general, su riesgo de leucemia aumenta con la edad. Es más común después de los 60 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia?\nAlgunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de cansancio\n• Fiebre o sudores nocturnos\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Pérdida de peso o del apetito\n• Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)\nOtros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crómica no cause síntomas al principio.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica\n• Análisis de sangre, como un conteo sanguíneo completo\n• Pruebas de médula ósea: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis\n• Pruebas genéticas para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos\nUna vez que el profesional de la salud hace un diagnóstico, es posible que se realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia?\nLos tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo que tenga, la gravedad de la leucemia, su edad, su salud en general y otros factores. Algunos tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia con trasplante de células madre\n• Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0105","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-cancers-of-lymphoid-and-blood-forming-tissue","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-cancers-of-lymphoid-and-blood-forming-tissue","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"C96","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2B3Z","display":"Neoplasms of haematopoietic or lymphoid tissues, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/944754984/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#944754984/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other cancers of lymphoid and blood-forming tissue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte cancere ale țesutului limfoid și hematopoietic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطانات أخرى للنسيج اللمفاوي والمكوّن للدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné zhoubné nádory lymfatické a krvetvorné tkáně","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krebserkrankungen des lymphatischen und blutbildenden Gewebes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλοι καρκίνοι του λεμφικού και αιμοποιητικού ιστού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros cánceres del tejido linfoide y hematopoyético","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres cancers des tissus lymphoïdes et hématopoïétiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लसीका और रक्त-निर्माण ऊतक के अन्य कैंसर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A nyirok- és vérképző szövet egyéb rákjai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri tumori del tessuto linfoide ed ematopoietico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他のリンパ・造血組織のがん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 림프 및 조혈 조직암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne nowotwory złośliwe tkanki limfatycznej i krwiotwórczej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros cancros do tecido linfoide e hematopoiético","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие злокачественные опухоли лимфоидной и кроветворной ткани","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné zhubné nádory lymfatického a krvotvorného tkaniva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenfoid ve kan yapıcı dokunun diğer kanserleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші злоякісні пухлини лімфоїдної та кровотворної тканини","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他淋巴和造血组织癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Leukemia","text":"What is leukemia?\nLeukemia is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:\n• White blood cells help your body fight infection\n• Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs\n• Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding\nWhen you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.\nWhat are the types of leukemia?\nThere are different types of leukemia. Which type of leukemia you have depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly.\nThe type of blood cell could be:\n• Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell\n• Myeloid cells, immature cells that become white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets\nThe different types can grow quickly or slowly:\n• Acute leukemia is fast growing. It usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated.\n• Chronic leukemia is slow growing. It usually gets worse over a longer period of time.\nThe main types of leukemia are:\n• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), which is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.\n• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is more common in older adults but can also affect children\n• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age.\n• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which usually occurs in adults during or after middle age\nWhat causes leukemia?\nLeukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nWho is at risk for leukemia?\nFor the specific types, there are different factors which can raise your risk of getting that type. Overall, your risk of leukemia goes up as you age. It is most common over age 60.\nWhat are the symptoms of leukemia?\nSome of the symptoms of leukemia may include:\n• Feeling tired\n• Fever or night sweats\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Weight loss or loss of appetite\n• Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.\nOther leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chromic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.\nHow is leukemia diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history\n• Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC)\n• Bone marrow tests. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.\n• Genetic tests to look for gene and chromosome changes\nOnce the provider makes a diagnosis, there may be additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).\nWhat are the treatments for leukemia?\nThe treatments for leukemia depend on which type you have, how severe the leukemia is, your age, your overall health, and other factors. Some possible treatments might include:\n• Chemotherapy\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Leucemia","text":"¿Qué es la leucemia?\nSe conoce como leucemia al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:\n• Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones\n• Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos\n• Las plaquetas ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado\nCuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia?\nExisten diferentes tipos de leucemia. El tipo de leucemia que tenga depende del tipo de glóbulo que se convierte en cáncer y de si crece rápida o lentamente.\nEl tipo de glóbulo puede ser:\n• Linfocitos: Un tipo de glóbulo blanco\n• Células mieloides: Células inmaduras que se convierten en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos o plaquetas\nLos diferentes tipos pueden crecer de forma rápida o lenta:\n• La leucemia aguda crece rápidamente. Por lo general, empeora rápidamente si no se trata\n• La leucemia crónica es de crecimiento lento. Por lo general, empeora durante un período de tiempo más prolongado\nLos principales tipos de leucemia son:\n• Leucemia linfocítica aguda: Es el tipo de cáncer más común en niños. También puede afectar a los adultos\n• Leucemia mielógena aguda: Es más común en los adultos mayores, pero también puede afectar a los niños\n• Leucemia linfocítica crónica: Es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad\n• Leucemia mielógena crónica: En general, se presenta en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad\n¿Qué causa la leucemia?\nLa leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos.\n¿Quiénes presentan mayor riesgo de tener leucemia?\nPara los tipos específicos, existen diferentes factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de presentar ese tipo. En general, su riesgo de leucemia aumenta con la edad. Es más común después de los 60 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia?\nAlgunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de cansancio\n• Fiebre o sudores nocturnos\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Pérdida de peso o del apetito\n• Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)\nOtros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crómica no cause síntomas al principio.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica\n• Análisis de sangre, como un conteo sanguíneo completo\n• Pruebas de médula ósea: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis\n• Pruebas genéticas para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos\nUna vez que el profesional de la salud hace un diagnóstico, es posible que se realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia?\nLos tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo que tenga, la gravedad de la leucemia, su edad, su salud en general y otros factores. Algunos tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Quimioterapia\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia con trasplante de células madre\n• Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0106","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-mouth-oesophagus-and-stomach","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-mouth-oesophagus-and-stomach","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D00","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ of the mouth, oesophagus and stomach","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Carcinom in situ al cavității bucale, esofagului și stomacului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطانة لابدة في الفم والمريء والمعدة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Karcinom in situ dutiny ústní, jícnu a žaludku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ der Mundhöhle, der Speiseröhre und des Magens","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνωμα in situ στόματος, οισοφάγου και στομάχου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ de boca, esófago y estómago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carcinome in situ de la bouche, de l'œsophage et de l'estomac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मुंह, ग्रासनली और पेट का कार्सिनोमा इन सीटू","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A szájüreg, a nyelőcső és a gyomor in situ carcinomája","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ di bocca, esofago e stomaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口腔・食道・胃の上皮内がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구강·식도·위의 상피내암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak in situ jamy ustnej, przełyku i żołądka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ da boca, esófago e estômago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ полости рта, пищевода и желудка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Karcinóm in situ ústnej dutiny, pažeráka a žalúdka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağız, yemek borusu ve mide karsinoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ порожнини рота, стравоходу та шлунка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"口腔、食管和胃原位癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0107","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"melanoma-in-situ-neoplasms-unspecified-site","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/melanoma-in-situ-neoplasms-unspecified-site","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D03","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2E63.Z","display":"Melanoma in situ neoplasms, unspecified site","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1576650184/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1576650184/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Melanom in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ورم ميلانيني لابد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Melanom in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μελάνωμα in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mélanome in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेलेनोमा इन सीटू","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"In situ melanóma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"上皮内黒色腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"제자리 흑색종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Czerniak in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Меланома in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Melanóm in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Меланома in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"原位黑色素瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Melanoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Melanoma","text":"Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal, or \"ugly looking.\"\nThinking of \"ABCDE\" can help you remember what to watch for:\n• Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other\n• Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular\n• Color - the color is uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan\n• Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase\n• Evolving - the mole has changed over the past few weeks or months\nSurgery is the first treatment of all stages of melanoma. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation, biologic, and targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Melanoma","text":"El melanoma es el tipo más serio de cáncer de piel. Con frecuencia el primer signo de un melanoma es un cambio de tamaño, forma, color o textura de un lunar. La mayoría de los melanomas tienen un área negra o negra azulada. El melanoma también puede aparecer como un lunar nuevo. Puede ser negro, anormal o \"de aspecto desagradable.\"\nPensar en el \"ABCDE\" puede ayudarlo a recordar lo que debe vigilar:\n• Asimetría: el contorno de una mitad no es igual al otro\n• Bordes: los bordes son desiguales, borrosos o irregulares\n• Color: el color es disparejo y puede incluir tonalidades negras, cafés y canela\n• Diámetro: hay cambios en el tamaño, generalmente se vuelven más grandes.\n• Evolución: cualquier cambio en el lunar en las últimas semanas o meses\nLa cirugía es el primer tratamiento para todos los diferentes estadios del melanoma. Otros tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia y radiación, terapia biológica y terapia dirigida. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0108","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-skin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-skin","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D04","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2E64.Z","display":"Carcinoma in situ of skin, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/773281372/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#773281372/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ of the skin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Carcinom in situ al pielii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطانة لابدة في الجلد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Karcinom in situ kůže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ der Haut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνωμα in situ του δέρματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ de piel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carcinome in situ de la peau","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा का कार्सिनोमा इन सीटू","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A bőr in situ carcinomája","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ della pelle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"皮膚の上皮内がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"피부 상피내암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak in situ skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ da pele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ кожи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Karcinóm in situ kože","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Cilt karsinoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ шкіри","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"皮肤原位癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Skin Cancer","text":"Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The two most common types are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands, and arms. Another type of skin cancer, melanoma, is more dangerous but less common.\nAnyone can get skin cancer, but it is more common in people who :\n• Spend a lot of time in the sun or have been sunburned\n• Have light-colored skin, hair and eyes\n• Have a family member with skin cancer\n• Are over age 50\nYou should have your doctor check any suspicious skin markings and any changes in the way your skin looks. Treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early. If not treated, some types of skin cancer cells can spread to other tissues and organs. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biologic therapy. PDT uses a drug and a type of laser light to kill cancer cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de piel","text":"El cáncer de piel es la forma de cáncer más común en los Estados Unidos. Los dos tipos más comunes son el cáncer de células basales y el cáncer de células escamosas. Por lo general, se forman en la cabeza, la cara, el cuello, las manos y los brazos. Otro tipo de cáncer de piel, el melanoma, es más peligroso pero menos común.\nCualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de piel, pero es más común entre quienes:\n• Pasan mucho tiempo bajo el sol o sufrieron quemaduras por el sol\n• Tienen piel, cabello y ojos claros\n• Tienen un familiar con cáncer de piel\n• Tienen más de 50 años de edad\nDebe hacer que un médico revise cualquier indicio sospechoso en la piel y cualquier cambio en el aspecto de su piel. El tratamiento tiene más probabilidades de surtir mejor efecto cuando el cáncer se detecta con anticipación. Cuando no se tratan, ciertos tipos de cáncer de piel pueden diseminarse a otros tejidos y órganos.\nLos tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia fotodinámica (PDT, por sus siglas en inglés) y terapia biológica. La terapia fotodinámica utiliza un medicamento y un tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0109","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D05","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ of the breast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Carcinom in situ mamar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطانة لابدة في الثدي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Karcinom in situ prsu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ der Brust","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνωμα in situ του μαστού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ de mama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carcinome in situ du sein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्तन का कार्सिनोमा इन सीटू","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az emlő in situ carcinomája","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ della mammella","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"乳房の上皮内がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"유방 상피내암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak in situ piersi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ da mama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ молочной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Karcinóm in situ prsníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Meme karsinoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ молочної залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"乳腺原位癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Breast Cancer","text":"What is breast cancer?\nBreast cancer is a cancer that starts in breast tissue. It happens when cells in the breast change and grow out of control. New cells grow even when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor.\nSometimes the cancer does not spread any further. This is called \"in situ.\" If the cancer spreads outside the breast, the cancer is called \"invasive.\" It may just spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. Or the cancer may metastasize (spread to other parts of the body) through the lymph system or the blood.\nBreast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in the United States. Rarely, it can also affect men.\nWhat are the types of breast cancer?\nThere are different types of breast cancer. The types are based on which breast cells turn into cancer. The types include:\n• Ductal carcinoma, which begins in the cells of the ducts. This is the most common type.\n• Lobular carcinoma, which begins in the lobules. It is more often found in both breasts than other types of breast cancer.\n• Inflammatory breast cancer, in which cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. The breast becomes warm, red, and swollen. This is a rare type.\n• Paget's disease of the breast, which is a cancer involving the skin of the nipple. It usually also affects the darker skin around the nipple. It is also rare.\nWhat causes breast cancer?\nBreast cancer happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.\nBut sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Breast cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary breast cancer.\nThere are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of breast cancer, including changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These two changes also raise your risk of ovarian and other cancers.\nBesides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of breast cancer.\nWho is at risk for breast cancer?\nThe factors that raise your risk of breast cancer include:\n• Older age\n• History of breast cancer or benign (noncancer) breast disease\n• Inherited risk of breast cancer, including having BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene changes\n• Dense breast tissue\n• A reproductive history that leads to more exposure to the estrogen hormone, including:\n• Menstruating at an early age\n• Being at an older age when you first gave birth or never having given birth\n• Starting menopause at a later age\n• Taking hormone therapy for meopause\n• Radiation therapy to the breast or chest\n• Obesity\n• Drinking alcohol\nWhat are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?\nThe signs and symptoms of breast cancer include\n• A new lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the armpit.\n• A change in the size or shape of the breast.\n• A dimple or puckering in the skin of the breast. It may look like the skin of an orange.\n• A nipple turned inward into the breast.\n• Nipple discharge other than breast milk. The discharge might happen suddenly, be bloody, or happen in only one breast.\n• Scaly, red, or swollen skin in the nipple area or the breast.\n• Pain in any area of the breast.\nHow is breast cancer diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose breast cancer and figure out which type you have:\n• A physical exam, including a clinical breast exam (CBE). This involves checking for any lumps or anything else that seems unusual with the breasts and armpits.\n• A medical history.\n• Imaging tests, such as a mammogram, an ultrasound, or an MRI.\n• Breast biopsy.\n• Blood chemistry tests, which measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Some of the specific blood chemistry tests include a basic metabolic panel (BMP), a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), and an electrolyte panel.\nIf these tests show that you have breast cancer, you will have tests that study the cancer cells. These tests help your provider decide which treatment would be best for you. The tests may include:\n• Genetic tests for genetic changes such in the BRCA and TP53 genes.\n• HER2 test. HER2 is a protein involved with cell growth. It is on the outside of all breast cells. If your breast cancer cells have more HER2 than normal, they can grow more quickly and spread to other parts of the body.\n• An estrogen and progesterone receptor test. This test measures the amount of estrogen and progesterone (hormones) receptors in cancer tissue. If there are more receptors than normal, the cancer is called estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive. This type of breast cancer may grow more quickly.\nAnother step is staging the cancer. Staging involves doing tests to find out whether the cancer has spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. The tests may include other diagnostic imaging tests and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This biopsy is done to see whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.\nWhat are the treatments for breast cancer?\nTreatments for breast cancer include:\n• Surgery such as\n• A mastectomy, which removes the whole breast\n• A lumpectomy to remove the cancer and some normal tissue around it, but not the breast itself\n• Radiation therapy\n• Chemotherapy\n• Hormone therapy, which blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow\n• Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells\n• Immunotherapy\nCan breast cancer be prevented?\nYou may be able to help prevent breast cancer by making healthy lifestyle changes such as:\n• Staying at a healthy weight\n• Limiting alcohol use\n• Getting enough exercise\n• Limiting your exposure to estrogen by\n• Breastfeeding your babies if you can\n• Limiting hormone therapy\nIf you are at high risk, your provider may suggest that you take certain medicines to lower the risk. Some women at very high risk may decide to get a mastectomy (of their healthy breasts) to prevent breast cancer.\nIt's also important to get regular mammograms. They may be able to identify breast cancer in the early stages, when it is easier to treat.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de seno","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de mama?\nEl cáncer de mama es un cáncer que comienza en el tejido mamario. Ocurre cuando las células de la mama cambian y crecen sin control. Las células nuevas crecen aun cuando no es necesario, y las células viejas no mueren cuando deberían. Estas células adicionales pueden formar una masa llamada tumor.\nEn ocasiones, la propagación del cáncer se detiene. A esto se le llama \"in situ\". Si el cáncer se disemina fuera de la mama, el cáncer se denomina \"invasivo\". Es posible que solo se disemine a los tejidos y los ganglios linfáticos cercanos. O el cáncer puede hacer metástasis (propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo) a través del sistema linfático o la sangre.\nEl cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común en mujeres en los Estados Unidos. En raras ocasiones, también puede afectar a hombres.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de cáncer de mama?\nExisten diferentes tipos de cáncer de mama. Estos tipos se basan en qué células mamarias se convierten en cáncer. Los tipos incluyen:\n• Carcinoma ductal: Comienza en las células de los conductos. Es el tipo más común\n• Carcinoma lobulillar: Comienza en los lobulillos. Se encuentra con más frecuencia en ambas mamas que otros tipos de cáncer de mama\n• Cáncer de mama inflamatorio: En este tipo, las células cancerosas bloquean los vasos linfáticos de la piel de la mama. El seno se calienta, se enrojece y se hincha. Es un tipo raro\n• Enfermedad de Paget del seno: Cáncer que afecta la piel del pezón. En general, también afecta la piel más oscura alrededor del pezón. También es raro\n¿Qué causa el cáncer de mama?\nEl cáncer de mama ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.\nSin embargo, en ocasiones estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nace con ellos. El cáncer de seno causado por cambios genéticos heredados se conoce como cáncer de mama hereditario.\nTambién existen ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de mama, incluidos los cambios en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2. Ambos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de ovario y otros tipos de cáncer.\nAdemás de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de mama.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener cáncer de mama?\nLos factores que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer de seno incluyen:\n• Edad avanzada\n• Antecedentes de cáncer de mama o enfermedad benigna (no cancerosa) de la mama\n• Riesgo heredado de cáncer de mama, incluyendo la aparición de cambios en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2\n• Tejido mamario denso\n• Un historial reproductivo que lleva a una mayor exposición a la hormona estrógeno, incluyendo:\n• Menstruar a una edad temprana\n• Tener mayor edad al dar a luz por primera vez o nunca haber dado a luz\n• Comenzar la menopausia a una edad más avanzada\n• Recibir terapia hormonal para la menopausia\n• Radioterapia en el pecho\n• Obesidad\n• Beber alcohol\n¿Cuáles son los signos y síntomas del cáncer de mama?\nLos signos y síntomas del cáncer de seno incluyen:\n• Un bulto nuevo o engrosamiento en el seno, o cerca de éste, o en la axila\n• Un cambio en el tamaño o la forma de la mama\n• Un hoyuelo o arrugas en la piel del seno. Puede parecer la piel de una naranja\n• Un pezón vuelto hacia adentro en el seno\n• Secreción del pezón que no es leche materna. La secreción puede ocurrir de repente, ser sanguinolenta o suceder solo en un seno\n• Piel escamosa, enrojecida o inflamada en el área del pezón o en la mama\n• Dolor en cualquier parte de la mama\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de mama?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el cáncer de mama y determinar el tipo:\n• Un examen físico, incluyendo un examen clínico de los senos. Esto implica verificar si hay bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual en los senos y las axilas\n• Historia clínica\n• Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, como una mamografía, una ecografía o una resonancia magnética\n• Biopsia de mama\n• Pruebas de química sanguínea que miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas químicas específicas de la sangre incluyen un perfil metabólico básico, un perfil metabólico completo y un panel análisis de electrolitos\nSi estas pruebas muestran que tiene cáncer de mama, se le realizarán exámenes para estudiar las células cancerosas. Estas pruebas ayudan a su médico a decidir qué tratamiento sería mejor para usted. Las pruebas pueden incluir:\n• Pruebas genéticas para cambios genéticos en los genes BRCA y TP53\n• Prueba HER2. La HER2 es una proteína involucrada en el crecimiento celular. Está en el exterior de todas las células mamarias. Si las células de su cáncer de mama tienen más HER2 de lo normal, pueden crecer más rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo\n• Una prueba de receptor de estrógeno y progesterona. Esta prueba mide la cantidad de receptores de estrógeno y progesterona (hormonas) en el tejido canceroso. Si hay más receptores de lo normal, el cáncer se llama receptor de estrógeno o progesterona positivo. Este tipo de cáncer de mama puede crecer más rápidamente\nOtro paso es la estadificación del cáncer. La estadificación implica realizar pruebas para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado dentro de la mama o a otras partes del cuerpo. Las pruebas pueden incluir otras pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes y una biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela. Esta biopsia se realiza para ver si el cáncer se ha propagado a los ganglios linfáticos.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama?\nLos tratamientos para el cáncer de mama incluyen:\n• Cirugía como:\n• Una mastectomía, que extirpa todo el seno\n• Una tumorectomía para extirpar el cáncer y parte del tejido normal que lo rodea, pero no la mama en sí\n• Radioterapia\n• Quimioterapia\n• Terapia hormonal: Esta impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer\n• Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales\n• Inmunoterapia\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de mama?\nEs posible que pueda ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama haciendo cambios saludables en su estilo de vida, como:\n• Mantener un peso saludable\n• Limitar el consumo de alcohol\n• Hacer suficiente ejercicio\n• Limitar su exposición al estrógeno al:\n• Amamantar a sus bebés si puede\n• Limitar la terapia hormonal\nSi tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que tome ciertos medicamentos para bajar el riesgo. Algunas mujeres con un riesgo muy alto pueden decidir hacerse una mastectomía (de sus senos sanos) para prevenir el cáncer de mama.\nTambién es importante hacerse mamografías con regularidad. Es posible que puedan identificar el cáncer de mama en las primeras etapas, cuando es más fácil de tratar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0110","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-cervix","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-cervix","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D06","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2E66.Z","display":"Carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1072810807/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1072810807/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ of the cervix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Carcinom in situ de col uterin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سرطانة لابدة في عنق الرحم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Karcinom in situ děložního čípku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ des Gebärmutterhalses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρκίνωμα in situ του τραχήλου της μήτρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ de cuello uterino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carcinome in situ du col de l'utérus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भाशय ग्रीवा का कार्सिनोमा इन सीटू","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A méhnyak in situ carcinomája","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ della cervice uterina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"子宮頸部上皮内がん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁경부 상피내암","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rak in situ szyjki macicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Carcinoma in situ do colo do útero","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ шейки матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Karcinóm in situ krčka maternice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rahim ağzı karsinoma in situ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карцинома in situ шийки матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"宫颈原位癌","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cervical Cancer","text":"What is cervical cancer?\nCervical cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix. The cervix is part of the female reproductive system. It is the lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb), which opens into the vagina (birth canal).\nCervical cancer usually develops slowly. Before cervical cells become cancer, they start to look abnormal. These cells are called \"precancers.\" If they aren't destroyed or removed, they may become cancer cells that grow out of control and spread to other parts of your body.\nScreening tests for cervical cancer can help find abnormal cells so you can get treatment to prevent cervical cancer. These tests can also find cervical cancer early when it's usually easier to treat.\nWhat causes cervical cancer?\nAlmost all cervical cancers are caused by a long-lasting infection with a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). There are many types of HPV. The types that cause cancer are called \"high-risk HPV.\" High-risk HPV is very common. It can be passed from one person to another through close skin-to-skin touching, usually during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Most people who are infected have no symptoms and don't know they have it.\nIf you're infected with high-risk HPV, usually your immune system will get rid of it within a year or two. But if your immune system can't control the infection, it may last for many years. Over time, HPV can turn normal cervical cells into abnormal cells. Without treatment, these cells may keep changing until they become cervical cancer.\nWho is more likely to develop cervical cancer?\nCervical cancer is most common in people over age 30. If you have a high-risk HPV infection in your cervix, you're more likely to develop cervical cancer if you:\n• Have a weakened immune system because you:\n• Have a disease that harms your immune system, such as HIV.\n• Take medicine to control your immune system, such as certain medicines to treat cancer or autoimmune diseases\n• Smoke tobacco or breathe secondhand smoke.\n• Use birth control pills or have given birth to many children.\n• Have obesity.\n• Were exposed to a medicine called DES (diethylstilbestrol) before you were born. Between 1940-1971, DES was sometimes prescribed during pregnancy to prevent miscarriages. DES was later linked to health problems, including cervical cancer.\nWhat are the symptoms of cervical cancer?\nCervical cancer usually doesn't cause symptoms when it first starts to grow. But when it does cause symptoms, they may include:\n• Vaginal bleeding that's not normal for you, such as bleeding after sex or between menstrual periods\n• Vaginal discharge (fluid) that's watery and has a strong odor or contains blood\n• Pelvic pain or pain during sex\nIf cervical cancer spreads to other parts of your body, symptoms may include:\n• Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge\n• Pelvic pain or pain during sex\n• Difficult or painful bowel movements (poops) or bleeding from the rectum when having a bowel movement\n• Difficult or painful urination (peeing) or blood in your urine (pee)\n• Dull backache\n• Swollen legs\n• Abdominal (belly) pain\n• Fatigue\nHow is cervical cancer diagnosed?\nIf you have symptoms or had an abnormal result on a screening test for cervical cancer, your health care provider will do more tests to find out if you have cervical cancer. They will:\n• Ask about your medical history and your family health history\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Suggest tests to diagnose or rule out cervical cancer, including:\n• Colposcopy, a procedure using a device called a colposcope, which helps your provider examine your cervix for abnormal areas\n• Cervical biopsy, a procedure to remove a tissue sample from your cervix so that it can be examined under a microscope to look for signs of cancer. Most biopsies can be done in your provider's office\nWhat are the treatments for cervical cancer?\nDifferent treatments are available for cervical cancer. The best treatment for you depends on your health, how much cancer you have, whether it has spread, and which treatment you prefer. You may have more than one treatment, including:\n• Surgery to remove the cancer.\n• Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. The therapy may use radiation from a machine, or a radioactive substance may be placed in your body near the cancer.\n• Chemotherapy (chemo), which uses special medicines to shrink or kill the cancer. The medicine may be pills, or it may be given through a vein (by IV). Sometimes, both types of chemo are used.\n• Targeted therapy, which uses special medicines to block the growth and spread of cancer cells.\n• Immunotherapy, which helps your immune system fight cancer cells.\nCan cervical cancer be prevented?\nAlmost all cervical cancer can be prevented by:\n• HPV vaccination. HPV vaccines provide the most protection if you get them before you're exposed to HPV. So, it's best to get vaccinated before you become sexually active. Medical experts recommend vaccinating children between ages 9 and 12.\n• Routine cervical cancer screening. Two types of screening tests may be part of your routine health checkup. Both tests use a sample of cervical cells that your provider collects with a swab:\n• A Pap smear checks for abnormal cells so they can be treated before they become cancer\n• An HPV test checks for high-risk HPV infections that can cause cancer.\n• Getting the right follow-up treatment if a screening test finds abnormal cells and/or high-risk HPV.\nYou can lower your risk for cervical cancer by not smoking. Using condoms correctly during sex lowers your risk of getting an HPV infection, but doesn't prevent it completely. Condom use has been linked to fewer cases of cervical cancer. If you or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cáncer de cuello uterino","text":"¿Qué es el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nEl cáncer de cuello uterino (o cáncer de cérvix) es un cáncer que comienza en las células del cuello uterino. El cuello uterino forma parte del sistema reproductor femenino. Es la parte inferior y estrecha del útero (matriz), que se conecta con la vagina (canal del parto).\nEl cáncer de cuello uterino suele desarrollarse lentamente. Antes de que las células del cuello uterino se conviertan en cáncer, comienzan a verse anormales, lo que se conoce como \"precáncer\". Si no se destruyen o eliminan, pueden convertirse en células cancerosas que crecen sin control y se propagan a otras partes del cuerpo.\nLas pruebas de detección del cáncer de cuello uterino pueden ayudar a encontrar células anormales, para así recibir tratamiento y prevenir el cáncer de cuello uterino. Estas pruebas también pueden detectar el cáncer de cuello uterino en forma temprana, cuando generalmente es más fácil de tratar.\n¿Qué causa el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nCasi todos los casos de cáncer de cuello uterino son causados por una infección prolongada con virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Existen muchos tipos de VPH. Los tipos que causan cáncer se denominan \"VPH de alto riesgo\". El VPH de alto riesgo es muy común. Se puede transmitir de una persona a otra a través del contacto directo de piel con piel, generalmente durante el sexo vaginal, anal u oral. La mayoría de las personas infectadas no presentan síntomas y no saben que lo tienen.\nSi tiene una infección de VPH de alto riesgo, en general su sistema inmunitario lo eliminará en un año o dos. Pero si su sistema inmunitario no puede controlar la infección, puede durar muchos años. Con el tiempo, el VPH puede convertir las células cervicales normales en células anormales. Sin tratamiento, estas células pueden seguir cambiando hasta convertirse en cáncer cervicouterino.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer cervical?\nEl cáncer cervical es más común en personas mayores de 30 años. Si tiene una infección por VPH de alto riesgo en el cuello uterino, tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer cervical si:\n• Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado porque:\n• Tiene una enfermedad que daña su sistema inmunitario, como el VIH\n• Toma medicamentos para controlar su sistema inmunitario, como ciertos medicamentos para tratar el cáncer o enfermedades autoinmunes\n• Fuma tabaco o está expuesto al humo de segunda mano\n• Usa píldoras anticonceptivas o ha tenido muchos hijos\n• Tiene obesidad\n• Estuvo expuesta a un medicamento llamado dietilestilbestrol (DES) antes de nacer. Entre 1940 y 1971, en ocasiones se recetaba DES durante el embarazo para prevenir abortos espontáneos. Tiempo después, el DES se relacionó con problemas de salud, incluyendo cáncer de cuello uterino\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de cuello uterino?\nEn general, el cáncer de cuello uterino no causa síntomas cuando comienza a crecer. Pero cuando causa síntomas, pueden incluir:\n• Sangrado vaginal que no es normal para usted, como sangrado después de tener relaciones sexuales o entre períodos menstruales\n• Secreción vaginal acuosa y con olor fuerte o que contiene sangre\n• Dolor pélvico o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales\nSi el cáncer de cuello uterino se propaga a otras partes de su cuerpo, los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Sangrado o secreción vaginal inusual\n• Dolor pélvico o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales\n• Evacuaciones intestinales difíciles o dolorosas o sangrado del recto al evacuar el intestino\n• Dificultad o dolor al orinar o sangre en la orina\n• Dolor leve de espalda\n• Hinchazón de las piernas\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Fatiga\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nSi tiene síntomas o tuvo un resultado anormal en una prueba de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino, su profesional de la salud le hará más pruebas para determinar si tiene cáncer de cuello uterino. Su proveedor:\n• Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus antecedentes familiares de salud\n• Le hará un examen pélvico\n• Le sugerirá pruebas para diagnosticar o descartar el cáncer de cuello uterino, incluyendo:\n• Colposcopia: Procedimiento que utiliza un dispositivo llamado colposcopio, que ayuda a su profesional de la salud a examinar su cuello uterino para detectar áreas anormales\n• Biopsia de cuello uterino: Procedimiento que extrae una muestra de tejido de su cuello uterino para examinarla bajo un microscopio buscando signos de cáncer. La mayoría de las biopsias se pueden realizar en el consultorio de su proveedor\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nHay diferentes tratamientos disponibles para el cáncer de cuello uterino. El mejor tratamiento para usted depende de su salud, el tamaño de su cáncer, si se ha propagado y qué tratamiento prefiere. Es posible que le hagan más de un tratamiento, incluyendo:\n• Cirugía para extirpar el cáncer\n• Radioterapia: Utiliza rayos X de alta energía u otros tipos de radiación para matar las células cancerosas o evitar que crezcan. La terapia puede utilizar radiación de una máquina o puede colocarse una sustancia radiactiva en su cuerpo cerca del cáncer\n• Quimioterapia: Utiliza medicamentos especiales para reducir o eliminar el cáncer. El medicamento puede ser en forma de pastillas o puede administrarse por vía intravenosa. En ocasiones, se utilizan ambos tipos de quimioterapia\n• Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos especiales para bloquear el crecimiento y la propagación de las células cancerosas\n• Inmunoterapia: Ayuda al sistema inmunitario a combatir las células cancerosas\n¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de cuello uterino?\nCasi todos los cánceres de cuello uterino se pueden prevenir con:\n• Vacuna contra el VPH: Las vacunas contra el VPH brindan la mayor protección si se aplican antes de estar expuesta al VPH. Por ello, es mejor vacunarse antes de comenzar a tener relaciones sexuales. Los expertos médicos recomiendan vacunar a los niños de entre nueve y 12 años\n• Examen de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino de rutina: Dos tipos de pruebas de detección pueden ser parte de su chequeo de salud de rutina. Ambas pruebas utilizan una muestra de células cervicales que su proveedor recolecta con un hisopo:\n• La prueba de Papanicolaou busca células anormales para que puedan tratarse antes de que se conviertan en cáncer\n• La prueba de VPH busca infecciones por VPH de alto riesgo que pueden causar cáncer\n• Recibir el tratamiento de seguimiento adecuado si una prueba de detección encuentra células anormales o VPH de alto riesgo\nUsted puede reducir su riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino si no fuma. El uso correcto de condones durante las relaciones sexuales reduce el riesgo de contraer una infección por VPH, pero no la previene por completo. El uso de preservativos se ha asociado con una reducción de casos de cáncer de cuello uterino. Si usted o su pareja son alérgicos al látex, pueden usar preservativos de poliuretano.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0111","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"benign-tumour-of-the-colon-rectum-or-anus-including-polyps","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/benign-tumour-of-the-colon-rectum-or-anus-including-polyps","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D12","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2E92.0","display":"Benign neoplasm of oesophagus","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1827459816","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1827459816"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Benign tumour of the colon, rectum or anus (including polyps)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tumoră benignă a colonului, rectului sau anusului (inclusiv polipi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ورم حميد في القولون أو المستقيم أو الشرج (بما في ذلك السلائل)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nezhoubný nádor tlustého střeva, konečníku nebo řitě (včetně polypů)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gutartiger Tumor von Dickdarm, Mastdarm oder After (einschließlich Polypen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καλοήθης όγκος παχέος εντέρου, ορθού ή πρωκτού (περιλαμβάνονται πολύποδες)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tumor benigno de colon, recto o ano (incluidos pólipos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tumeur bénigne du côlon, du rectum ou de l'anus (polypes compris)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बड़ी आंत, मलाशय या गुदा का सौम्य ट्यूमर (पॉलिप सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A vastagbél, a végbél vagy a végbélnyílás jóindulatú daganata (polipokkal együtt)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore benigno di colon, retto o ano (inclusi polipi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"結腸・直腸・肛門の良性腫瘍（ポリープを含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"결장·직장·항문의 양성 종양(용종 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Łagodny nowotwór jelita grubego, odbytnicy lub odbytu (w tym polipy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tumor benigno do cólon, reto ou ânus (incluindo pólipos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Доброкачественная опухоль толстой и прямой кишки или ануса (включая полипы)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nezhubný nádor hrubého čreva, konečníka alebo anu (vrátane polypov)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kolon, rektum veya anüsün iyi huylu tümörü (polipler dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Доброякісна пухлина товстої і прямої кишки або ануса (включно з поліпами)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"结肠、直肠或肛门良性肿瘤（包括息肉）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Anal Disorders","text":"What is the anus?\nYour anus is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body.\nWhat are anal disorders?\nProblems with the anus are common. They include:\n• Hemorrhoids\n• Abscesses\n• Fissures, small cracks or tears in the lining of your anus\n• Anorectal fistula, an abnormal tunnel from your anus or rectum to the skin surface\n• Anal itching (pruritus ani)\n• Cancer\nWhat are the symptoms of anal disorders?\nYour symptoms will depend on which disorder you have. But some of the more common symptoms may include:\n• Bleeding\n• Discharge\n• Itching\n• Pain\n• Swelling\nHow are anal disorders diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Depending upon your symptoms, your provider may:\n• Check the skin around your anus for anything that looks abnormal.\n• Perform a digital rectal exam (DRE). For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.\n• Order tests, such as an anoscopy.\nYou may be embarrassed to talk about your anal troubles. But it's important to let your provider know about your symptoms, especially if you have pain or bleeding. The more details you can give about your problem, the better your provider can help you.\nHow are anal disorders treated?\nTreatments vary, depending on the condition you have.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del ano","text":"¿Qué es el ano?\nEl ano es la abertura al final del intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces (excremento) salen del cuerpo.\n¿Qué son las enfermedades del ano?\nLos problemas con el ano son comunes. Estos incluyen:\n• Hemorroides\n• Abscesos\n• Fisuras, pequeñas grietas o desgarros en el revestimiento del ano\n• Fístula anorrectal, un túnel anormal desde el ano o el recto hasta la superficie de la piel\n• Picazón anal (prurito anal)\n• Cáncer\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades del ano?\nSus síntomas dependen del trastorno que tenga. Pero algunos de los síntomas más comunes pueden incluir:\n• Hemorragia gastrointestinal\n• Secreción\n• Picazón\n• Dolor\n• Inflamación\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades del ano?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas y antecedentes médicos. Dependiendo de sus síntomas, su proveedor puede:\n• Examinar la piel alrededor del ano para ver si hay algo que parezca anormal\n• Realizar un examen rectal digital. Para este examen, el profesional de la salud introduce un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para palpar si hay bultos o algo inusual\n• Solicitar pruebas, como una anoscopía\nPuede que sienta vergüenza al hablar de sus problemas del ano, pero es importante informar a su profesional de la salud sobre sus síntomas, especialmente si tiene dolor o sangrado. Cuantos más detalles pueda entregar sobre su problema, mejor podrá ayudarlo su proveedor de atención médica.\n¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos anales?\nLos tratamientos varían según la afección que tenga.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0112","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"moles-melanocytic-naevi","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/moles-melanocytic-naevi","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D22","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Moles (melanocytic naevi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alunițe (nevi melanocitari)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشامات (وحمات الخلايا الصباغية)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mateřská znaménka (melanocytární névy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Muttermale (melanozytäre Nävi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σπίλοι (μελανοκυτταρικοί σπίλοι)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lunares (nevus melanocíticos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grains de beauté (nævus mélanocytaires)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तिल (मेलानोसाइटिक नेवी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Anyajegyek (melanocytás naevusok)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nei (nevi melanocitici)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ほくろ（色素細胞母斑）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"점(멜라닌세포 모반)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Znamiona barwnikowe (znamiona melanocytowe)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sinais (nevos melanocíticos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Родинки (меланоцитарные невусы)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Materské znamienka (melanocytové névy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Benler (melanositik nevüsler)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Родимки (меланоцитарні невуси)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"痣（黑素细胞痣）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Birthmarks","text":"Birthmarks are abnormalities of the skin that are present when a baby is born. There are two types of birthmarks. Vascular birthmarks are made up of blood vessels that haven't formed correctly. They are usually red. Two types of vascular birthmarks are hemangiomas and port-wine stains. Pigmented birthmarks are made of a cluster of pigment cells which cause color in skin. They can be many different colors, from tan to brown, gray to black, or even blue. Moles can be birthmarks.\nNo one knows what causes many types of birthmarks, but some run in families. Your baby's doctor will look at the birthmark to see if it needs any treatment or if it should be watched. Pigmented birthmarks aren't usually treated, except for moles. Treatment for vascular birthmarks includes laser surgery.\nMost birthmarks are not serious, and some go away on their own. Some stay the same or get worse as you get older. Usually birthmarks are only a concern for your appearance. But certain types can increase your risk of skin cancer. If your birthmark bleeds, hurts, itches, or becomes infected, call your health care provider.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/birthmarks.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Manchas de nacimiento","text":"Las manchas de nacimiento son anomalías de la piel que se presentan en el recién nacido. Hay dos tipos de manchas de nacimiento: vasculares y pigmentadas. Las vasculares son formadas por vasos sanguíneos que no se han desarrollado correctamente y que comúnmente son rojas. Los hemangiomas y los hemangiomas planos son dos tipos de manchas vasculares. Las pigmentadas están compuestas por un racimo de células que contienen el pigmento que da el color a la piel. Pueden ser de varios colores, desde color marrón claro, gris a negro y, a veces, azul. Los lunares pueden ser manchas de nacimiento.\nNo se sabe qué es lo que causa este tipo de manchas, pero algunas son de familia. El doctor de su bebé mirará las manchas para ver si necesitan tratamiento o seguimiento. Generalmente, las manchas pigmentadas no se tratan, excepto los lunares. El tratamiento para las manchas vasculares incluye láser.\nLa mayoría no es un problema serio y otras desaparecen por sí solas. Algunas permanecen igual o empeoran a medida que se envejece. Por lo general, las marcas de nacimiento son sólo una preocupación por su apariencia. Pero ciertos tipos pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de piel. Si su marca de nacimiento sangra, duele, pica o se infecta, llame a su proveedor de salud.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthmarks.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0113","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"uterine-fibroids","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/uterine-fibroids","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D25","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2E86.0","display":"Leiomyoma of uterus","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/455734276","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#455734276"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Leiomyoma of uterus","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Uterine fibroids","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fibrom uterin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الأورام الليفية الرحمية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Myomy dělohy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Myome der Gebärmutter","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινομυώματα μήτρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Miomas uterinos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fibromes utérins","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भाशय फाइब्रॉइड","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhmióma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fibromi uterini","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"子宮筋腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁근종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mięśniaki macicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Miomas uterinos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Миома матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Myómy maternice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rahim miyomu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Міома матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"子宫肌瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Uterine Fibroids","text":"What are uterine fibroids?\nUterine fibroids are the most common noncancerous (benign) tumors in women of childbearing age. You may have uterine fibroids and not even know it since they often don't cause any symptoms. Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that grow in and around the wall of the uterus, or womb. They can vary in number and size and grow as one tumor or in clusters.\nMany women with fibroids can get pregnant with no problems. However, some uterine fibroids could cause infertility (not being able to get pregnant), pregnancy loss, or problems with fetal development or delivery.\nWho is more likely to get uterine fibroids?\nIf you're a female and the age when you're usually able to get pregnant and give birth, you could develop fibroids. Some factors may increase your risk of having uterine fibroids. These can include:\n• Age. Women who are older have a higher risk.\n• Race/ethnicity. Black/African American women often have fibroids at a younger age. They're also more likely to have larger fibroids with worse symptoms.\n• Family history. If your mother or sister had uterine fibroids.\n• Other factors. If you started your period before age 10 or have never been pregnant.\n• Certain medical conditions. These include obesity or vitamin D deficiency.\nYour risk of getting uterine fibroids lowers with each pregnancy and with long-term use of birth control pills or shots.\nWhat causes uterine fibroids?\nNo one knows what causes uterine fibroids. A few things that might play a part in getting uterine fibroids include genetics and growth hormones. Also, other hormones like estrogen and progesterone seem to help fibroids grow. These hormones cause the tissue lining inside the uterus to thicken during each menstrual cycle to prepare for pregnancy.\nWhat are the symptoms of uterine fibroids?\nMany women with fibroids have no symptoms. If you do, the type of symptoms may be due to location, size, and number of fibroids. Symptoms may include:\n• Heavy or painful periods or bleeding between periods\n• Feeling \"full\" in the lower abdomen (belly)\n• Urinating (peeing) often\n• Pain during sex\n• Lower back pain\n• Problems getting pregnant, multiple miscarriages, or early labor while pregnant\nHow are uterine fibroids diagnosed?\nYou may not know that you have uterine fibroids unless you have symptoms. Or your health care provider may find the fibroids during a pelvic exam, or with imaging tests.\nUterine fibroids might be very small, or in extreme cases, they may grow large enough to make it appear like a pregnancy.\nWhat are the treatments for uterine fibroids?\nIf you have no symptoms, you may not even need treatment. If you have symptoms, the treatment for uterine fibroids depends on many factors. These can include:\n• Your symptoms.\n• Your age. Sometimes fibroids shrink during and after menopause due to a drop in hormone levels.\n• The location, type, and size of fibroids.\n• If you are pregnant or want to get pregnant in the future.\nTreatment may include medicines that can slow or stop fibroid growth. Surgery, such as a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), may be considered if you are near or past menopause, your fibroids are very large or cause heavy bleeding.\nIf you are having trouble getting pregnant, your provider may discuss infertility treatments. They may also recommend an emotional support group if you have chronic symptoms or difficulties getting pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fibroides uterinos","text":"¿Qué son los fibromas uterinos?\nLos fibromas uterinos (también conocidos como fibroides uterinos) son los tumores benignos (no cancerosos) más comunes en mujeres en edad fértil. Es posible que tenga fibromas uterinos sin saberlo, ya que a menudo no causan síntomas. Los fibromas están compuestos de células musculares y otros tejidos que crecen dentro y alrededor de la pared del útero. Pueden variar en número y tamaño, y crecer como un solo tumor o en grupos.\nMuchas mujeres con fibromas pueden quedar embarazadas sin problemas. Sin embargo, algunos fibromas uterinos pueden causar infertilidad (no poder quedar embarazada), pérdida del embarazo o problemas con el desarrollo fetal o el parto.\n¿Quiénes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar fibromas uterinos?\nISi es mujer y está en la edad en la que normalmente puede quedar embarazada y dar a luz, podría desarrollar fibromas. Algunos factores pueden aumentar el riesgo de tener fibromas uterinos, incluyendo:\n• Edad: Las mujeres mayores tienen un mayor riesgo\n• Raza/etnia: Las mujeres afrodescendientes suelen tener fibromas a una edad más temprana. También son más propensas a tener fibromas más grandes con síntomas más graves\n• Antecedentes familiares: Si su madre o hermana tuvo fibromas uterinos\n• Otros factores: Si su menstruación comenzó antes de los 10 años o nunca ha estado embarazada\n• Ciertas afecciones médicas: Estas incluyen obesidad o la deficiencia de vitamina D\nEl riesgo de tener fibromas uterinos disminuye con cada embarazo y con el uso prolongado de píldoras o inyecciones anticonceptivas.\n¿Qué causa los fibromas uterinos?\nNo se conoce la causa de los fibromas uterinos. Algunos factores que podrían influir en su desarrollo incluyen la genética y la hormona del crecimiento. Además, otras hormonas como el estrógeno y la progesterona parecen contribuir al crecimiento de los fibromas. Estas hormonas hacen que el tejido que recubre el útero se engrose durante cada ciclo menstrual para prepararlo para el embarazo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los fibromas uterinos?\nMuchas mujeres con fibromas no presentan síntomas. Si los tiene, el tipo de síntomas puede deberse a la ubicación, el tamaño y la cantidad de fibromas. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Menstruaciones abundantes o dolorosas, o sangrado entre períodos\n• Sensación de llenura en la parte baja del abdomen\n• Orinar con frecuencia\n• Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales\n• Dolor lumbar\n• Problemas para quedar embarazada, múltiples pérdidas del embarazo o parto prematuro durante el embarazo\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los fibromas uterinos?\nEs posible que no sepa que tiene fibromas uterinos a menos que tenga síntomas. O bien, su profesional de la salud puede detectarlos durante un examen pélvico o con pruebas de imagen.\nLos fibromas uterinos pueden ser muy pequeños o, en casos extremos, pueden crecer lo suficiente como para parecer un embarazo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los fibromas uterinos?\nSi no tiene síntomas, es posible que ni siquiera requiera tratamiento. Si los presenta, el tratamiento depende de muchos factores, incluyendo:\n• Sus síntomas\n• Su edad: A veces, los fibromas se reducen durante y después de la menopausia debido a una disminución de los niveles hormonales\n• La ubicación, el tipo y el tamaño de los fibromas\n• Si está embarazada o desea quedar embarazada en el futuro\nEl tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos que pueden retardar o detener el crecimiento de los fibromas. Se puede considerar una cirugía, como una histerectomía (extirpación del útero), si está cerca de la menopausia o ya la ha superado, si los fibromas son muy grandes o si causan sangrado abundante.\nSi tiene problemas para quedar embarazada, su profesional de la salud puede hablar con usted sobre tratamientos para la infertilidad. También puede recomendarle un grupo de apoyo emocional si presenta síntomas crónicos o problemas para quedar embarazada o mantener un embarazo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0206","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Leiomyoma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0114","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"benign-ovarian-tumour","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/benign-ovarian-tumour","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D27","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Benign ovarian tumour","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tumoră ovariană benignă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ورم المبيض الحميد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nezhoubný nádor vaječníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gutartiger Eierstocktumor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καλοήθης όγκος των ωοθηκών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tumor benigno de ovario","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tumeur bénigne de l'ovaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अंडाशय का सौम्य ट्यूमर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Jóindulatú petefészekdaganat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore benigno dell'ovaio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"良性卵巣腫瘍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"양성 난소 종양","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Łagodny nowotwór jajnika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tumor benigno do ovário","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Доброкачественная опухоль яичника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nezhubný nádor vaječníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İyi huylu yumurtalık tümörü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Доброякісна пухлина яєчника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"卵巢良性肿瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ovarian Cysts","text":"The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They produce a woman's eggs and make female hormones. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary. They usually form during ovulation, when the ovary releases an egg. They are usually harmless and go away by themselves. Most women have them sometime during their lives.\nMost ovarian cysts are small and don't cause symptoms. Women may not find out that they have them until they have a pelvic exam. If there are symptoms, they may include:\n• Pressure\n• Bloating\n• Swelling\n• Pain in the lower abdomen, on the side where the cyst is\nIf your health care provider finds a cyst, you may be able to wait to see if it gets bigger. You may need surgery if you have pain, are past menopause, or if the cyst does not go away. If a cyst bursts or causes bleeding, you should get medical help right away. Birth control pills can help prevent new cysts.\nRarely, ovarian cysts can become cancerous. This risk increases as you get older.\nA health problem that involves ovarian cysts is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS can have high levels of male hormones, irregular or no periods, and small ovarian cysts.\nDept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Quistes ováricos","text":"Los ovarios son parte del sistema reproductor de la mujer. Generan los óvulos de una mujer y producen hormonas femeninas. Los quistes ováricos son sacos llenos de líquido en o sobre un ovario. Generalmente, se forman durante la ovulación, cuando el ovario libera un óvulo. Por lo general son inofensivos y desaparecen solos. La mayoría de las mujeres los tienen en algún momento de su vida.\nLa mayoría de los quistes ováricos son pequeños y no causan síntomas. Es posible que las mujeres no descubran que los tienen hasta someterse a un examen pélvico. Si tiene síntomas, pueden incluir:\n• Presión\n• Hinchazón\n• Inflamación\n• Dolor en la parte baja del abdomen, en el lado donde está ubicado el quiste\nSi su proveedor de atención médica encuentra un quiste, es posible que pueda esperar para ver si se hace más grande. Usted puede necesitar una cirugía si tiene dolor, si pasó la menopausia o si el quiste no desaparece. Si un quiste se rompe o causa sangrado, debe recibir ayuda médica de inmediato. Las píldoras anticonceptivas pueden ayudar a prevenir nuevos quistes.\nRara vez los quistes ováricos pueden llegar a ser cancerosos. Este riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece.\nUn problema de salud que involucra quistes ováricos es el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos. Las mujeres con este síndrome pueden tener altos niveles de hormonas masculinas, menstruaciones inexistentes o irregulares y pequeños quistes ováricos.\nOficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0115","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tumour-of-uncertain-behaviour-of-the-female-genital-organs","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tumour-of-uncertain-behaviour-of-the-female-genital-organs","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D39","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tumour of uncertain behaviour of the female genital organs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tumoră cu evoluție incertă a organelor genitale feminine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ورم غير مؤكد السلوك في الأعضاء التناسلية الأنثوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Novotvar nejistého chování ženských pohlavních orgánů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Neubildung unsicheren Verhaltens der weiblichen Genitalorgane","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Όγκος αβέβαιης συμπεριφοράς των γυναικείων γεννητικών οργάνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tumor de comportamiento incierto de órganos genitales femeninos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tumeur à évolution imprévisible des organes génitaux féminins","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"महिला जननांगों का अनिश्चित व्यवहार वाला ट्यूमर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A női nemi szervek bizonytalan viselkedésű daganata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tumore a comportamento incerto degli organi genitali femminili","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"女性生殖器の性状不詳の腫瘍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"여성 생식기의 행동 양식 불명 종양","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nowotwór o niepewnym charakterze żeńskich narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tumor de comportamento incerto dos órgãos genitais femininos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Новообразование неопределённого характера женских половых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nádor neistého správania ženských pohlavných orgánov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kadın üreme organlarının davranışı belirsiz tümörü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Новоутворення невизначеного характеру жіночих статевих органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"女性生殖器官动态未定肿瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0116","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"polycythaemia-vera","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/polycythaemia-vera","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D45","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"2A20.4","display":"Polycythaemia vera","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/818364947","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#818364947"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Polycythaemia vera","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Policitemie vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كثرة الحمر الحقيقية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pravá polycytemie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Polycythaemia vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αληθής πολυκυτταραιμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Policitemia vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Polyglobulie primitive (maladie de Vaquez)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पॉलीसिथेमिया वेरा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Polycythaemia vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Policitemia vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"真性多血症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"진성 적혈구증가증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Czerwienica prawdziwa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Policitemia vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Истинная полицитемия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pravá polycytémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Polisitemia vera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Справжня поліцитемія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"真性红细胞增多症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bone Marrow Diseases","text":"Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains stem cells. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting.\nWith bone marrow disease, there are problems with the stem cells or how they develop:\n• In leukemia, a cancer of the blood, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells\n• In aplastic anemia, the bone marrow doesn't make red blood cells\n• In myeloproliferative disorders, the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells\n• Other diseases, such as lymphoma, can spread into the bone marrow and affect the production of blood cells\nCauses of bone marrow diseases include genetics and environmental factors. Tests for bone marrow diseases include blood and bone marrow tests. Treatments depend on the disorder and how severe it is. They might involve medicines, blood transfusions or a bone marrow transplant.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la médula ósea","text":"La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso que se encuentra dentro de sus huesos, como en la cadera y el hueso del muslo. Contiene células madre. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse hasta ser glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a su cuerpo, glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y plaquetas que ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre.\nCon la enfermedad de médula ósea, hay problemas con las células madre o con su desarrollo:\n• En la leucemia, un cáncer de la sangre, la médula ósea produce glóbulos blancos anormales\n• En la anemia aplásica, la médula ósea no produce glóbulos rojos\n• En las enfermedades mieloproliferativas, la médula ósea produce demasiados glóbulos blancos\n• Otras enfermedades como el linfoma pueden diseminarse a la médula ósea y afectar la producción de células sanguíneas\nLas causas de las enfermedades de la medula ósea incluyen factores genéticos y ambientales. Las pruebas incluyen análisis de sangre y de médula ósea. Los tratamientos dependen del trastorno y de su severidad. Pueden involucrar medicinas, transfusiones de sangre o un trasplante de médula ósea.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0117","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"myelodysplastic-syndromes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/myelodysplastic-syndromes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D46","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Myelodysplastic Syndromes","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndromes mielodisplásicos","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindroame mielodisplazice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمات خلل التنسج النقوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Myelodysplastické syndromy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Myelodysplastische Syndrome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μυελοδυσπλαστικά σύνδρομα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndromes myélodysplasiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मायलोडिसप्लास्टिक सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mielodiszpláziás szindrómák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindromi mielodisplastiche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨髄異形成症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골수이형성증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespoły mielodysplastyczne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndromes mielodisplásicas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Миелодиспластические синдромы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Myelodysplastické syndrómy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Miyelodisplastik sendromlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мієлодиспластичні синдроми","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"骨髓增生异常综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"MDS"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Myelodysplastic Syndromes","text":"Your bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells, called stem cells. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting. If you have a myelodysplastic syndrome, the stem cells do not mature into healthy blood cells. Many of them die in the bone marrow. This means that you do not have enough healthy cells, which can lead to infection, anemia, or easy bleeding.\nMyelodysplastic syndromes often do not cause early symptoms and are sometimes found during a routine blood test. If you have symptoms, they may include:\n• Shortness of breath\n• Weakness or feeling tired\n• Skin that is paler than usual\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\n• Pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding\n• Fever or frequent infections\nMyelodysplastic syndromes are rare. People at higher risk are over 60, have had chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or have been exposed to certain chemicals. Treatment options include transfusions, drug therapy, chemotherapy, and blood or bone marrow stem cell transplants.\nNIH: National Cancer Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Síndromes mielodisplásicos","text":"La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso dentro de algunos de sus huesos, tales como la cadera y huesos de los muslos. Contiene células inmaduras, llamadas células madre. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse en los glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a través de su cuerpo, los glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y las plaquetas que ayudan con la coagulación de la sangre. Si usted tiene un síndrome mielodisplásico, las células madre no maduran hasta convertirse en células sanguíneas sanas. Esto deja menos espacio para las células sanas, lo cual puede conducir a una infección, anemia o sangrado.\nLos síndromes mielodisplásicos no suelen provocar síntomas al principio y se encuentran a veces durante una prueba de sangre de rutina. Si usted tiene síntomas, éstos pueden incluir:\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Debilidad o cansancio\n• Piel más pálida que de costumbre\n• Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado\n• Pequeñas manchas en la piel causadas por hemorragias\n• Fiebre o infecciones frecuentes\nLos síndromes mielodisplásicos son poco comunes. Las personas con mayor riesgo son las mayores de 60 años, quienes se hayan sometido a quimioterapia o radioterapia o hayan sido expuestos a ciertas sustancias químicas. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen transfusiones, medicamentos, quimioterapia y trasplante de células madre de la sangre o la médula ósea.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0027","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0108","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0165","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0198","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0211","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0118","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"thalassemia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/thalassemia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D56","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Thalassemia","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Talasemia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Talasemie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الثلاسيميا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Talasémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Thalassämie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Θαλασσαιμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Thalassémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"थैलेसीमिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Thalassaemia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Talassemia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"サラセミア","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"지중해빈혈(탈라세미아)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Talasemia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Talassemia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Талассемия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Talasémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Talasemi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Таласемія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"地中海贫血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cooley's anemia"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mediterranean anemia"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Thalassemia","text":"Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders. If you have one, your body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen to the body. That leads to anemia. Thalassemias occur most often among people of Italian, Greek, Middle Eastern, Southern Asian, and African descent.\nThalassemias can be mild or severe. Some people have no symptoms or mild anemia. The most common severe type in the United States is called Cooley's anemia. It usually appears during the first two years of life. People with it may have severe anemia, slowed growth and delayed puberty, and problems with the spleen, liver, heart, or bones.\nDoctors diagnose thalassemias using blood tests. Treatments include blood transfusions and treatment to remove excess iron from the body. If you have mild symptoms or no symptoms, you may not need treatment. In some severe cases, you may need a bone marrow transplant.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Talasemia","text":"La talasemia es un trastorno hereditario de la sangre. Si usted tiene una, su cuerpo produce menos glóbulos rojos sanos y menos hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína que transporta el oxígeno al cuerpo. Esto conduce a la anemia. Las talasemias son más frecuentes entre las personas de ascendencia italiana, griega, del Medio Oriente, del sur de Asia y africana.\nLas talasemias pueden ser leves o graves. Algunas personas no tienen síntomas o presentan anemia leve. El tipo grave más común en Estados Unidos se denomina anemia de Cooley. Por lo general, aparece durante los primeros dos años de vida. Las personas que la desarrollan pueden tener anemia severa, crecimiento lento y pubertad tardía, y problemas en el bazo, el hígado, el corazón o los huesos.\nLos médicos diagnostican talasemias mediante pruebas de sangre. Los tratamientos incluyen transfusiones de sangre y procedimientos para eliminar el exceso de hierro del cuerpo. Si no tiene síntomas o son leves, puede que no necesite tratamiento. En algunos casos graves puede ser necesario un trasplante de médula ósea.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0119","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sickle-cell-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sickle-cell-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D57","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"3A51.Z","display":"Sickle cell disorders or other haemoglobinopathies, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/975559344/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#975559344/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sickle cell disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Siclemie (anemie falciformă)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض الخلايا المنجلية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Srpkovitá anémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sichelzellkrankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δρεπανοκυτταρική νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de células falciformes (anemia falciforme)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Drépanocytose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिकल सेल रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Sarlósejtes betegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anemia falciforme (drepanocitosi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鎌状赤血球症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"겸상적혈구병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedokrwistość sierpowatokrwinkowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença falciforme (anemia falciforme)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Серповидноклеточная анемия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kosáčiková anémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Orak hücre hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Серпоподібноклітинна анемія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"镰状细胞病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sickle Cell Disease","text":"What is sickle cell disease (SCD)?\nSickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. If you have SCD, there is a problem with your hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. With SCD, the hemoglobin forms into stiff rods within the red blood cells. This changes the shape of the red blood cells. The cells are supposed to be disc-shaped, but instead they are crescent, or sickle, shaped.\nThe sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and cannot change shape easily. Many of them burst apart as they move through your blood vessels. The sickle cells usually only last 10 to 20 days, instead of the normal 90 to 120 days. Your body may have trouble making enough new cells to replace the ones that you lost. Because of this, you may not have enough red blood cells. This is a condition called anemia, and it can make you feel tired.\nThe sickle-shaped cells can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When this happens, oxygen can't reach nearby tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause attacks of sudden, severe pain, called pain crises. These attacks can occur without warning. If you get one, you might need to go to the hospital for treatment.\nWhat causes sickle cell disease (SCD)?\nSCD is caused by a variant (change) in a gene that has instructions for your body to make one part of the hemoglobin. This changed gene is sometimes called a sickle cell gene. People with SCD are born with two sickle cell genes, one from each parent.\nIf you are born with one sickle cell gene, it's called sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait are generally healthy, but they can pass the defective gene on to their children.\nWho is more likely to have sickle cell disease (SCD)?\nIn the United States, most of the people with SCD are African Americans:\n• About 1 in 13 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell trait\n• About 1 in every 365 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell disease\nSCD also affects some people who come from Hispanic, southern European, Middle Eastern, or Asian Indian backgrounds.\nWhat are the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD)?\nPeople with SCD start to have signs of the disease during the first year of life, usually around 5 or 6 months of age. Early symptoms of SCD may include:\n• Painful swelling of the hands and feet\n• Fatigue or fussiness from anemia\n• A yellowish color of the skin (jaundice) or the whites of the eyes (icterus)\nThe effects of SCD vary from person to person and can change over time. Most of the signs and symptoms of SCD are related to complications of the disease. They may include severe pain, anemia, organ damage, and infections.\nHow is sickle cell disease (SCD) diagnosed?\nA blood test can show if you have SCD or sickle cell trait. Genetic tests can tell if you have one or two copies of the sickle cell gene. Genetic tests can help confirm an SCD diagnosis if the results from blood tests are not clear.\nAll states now test newborns for SCD (as well as many other treatable conditions) as part of their screening programs. These programs help find the conditions early, so treatment can be started right away.\nHealth care providers can also diagnose SCD before a baby is born. That test uses a sample of amniotic fluid (the liquid in the sac surrounding the baby) or tissue taken from the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby).\nPeople who are thinking about having children can have the test to find out how likely it is that their children will have SCD.\nWhat are the treatments for sickle cell disease (SCD)?\nThere are many ways to manage sickle cell disease. Your medical team will probably include a hematologist, a doctor who specializes in blood diseases. You will work with your medical team to set up a treatment plan. Possible treatment options may include:\n• Treatments that can help relieve symptoms and lessen complications, including:\n• Hydroxyurea, a medicine to reduce sickling of red blood cells. This can help prevent serious symptoms of sickle cell disease. This medicine can be used in adults and in children as young as 9 months old. But this medicine is not safe during pregnancy.\n• Voxelotor, another medicine to prevent the sickling of red blood cells. It can be used in adults and children ages 4 years and older.\n• Pain relievers for acute or chronic pain.\n• Antibiotics to try to prevent infections in younger children.\n• Blood transfusions for severe anemia. If you have had some serious complications, such as a stroke, you may have transfusions to prevent more complications.\n• Other treatments for specific complications, such as medicines to lower blood pressure and vitamins to treat a vitamin deficiency.\n• Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, which can cure SCD. Because these transplants are risky and can have serious side effects, they are usually only used in children with severe SCD. For the transplant to work, the bone marrow must be a close match. Usually, the best donor is a brother or sister.\n• Gene therapies to treat SCD in people who are 12 years and older and have had repeated sickle cell crises. These new therapies involve taking some of your blood stem cells and either adding new DNA to them or changing their existing DNA. Then these cells are given back to you, and they can make a type of hemoglobin that is healthy. This can reduce the complications of SCD, including the SCD crises.\nComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) seems to help some people deal with pain caused by SCD. These types of CAM may lower your pain, especially if it is not well managed with medicines::\n• Cognitive behavioral therapy (a type of counseling)\n• Acupuncture\n• Exercise or movement programs, such as yoga\n• Massage\n• Meditation and mindfulness practices\n• Virtual reality, a computer-generated 3D environment you can see with special goggles\nIt's also important to take steps to keep yourself as healthy as possible:\n• Get regular medical care\n• Get your routine vaccinations\n• Live a healthy lifestyle\n• Avoid situations that may set off a pain crisis\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de células falciformes","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?\nLa enfermedad de células falciformes es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios de los glóbulos rojos. Si la tiene, hay un problema con su hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína en los glóbulos rojos que transporta el oxígeno por todo el cuerpo. En la enfermedad de células falciformes, la hemoglobina tiene forma de barras rígidas dentro de los glóbulos rojos. Esto cambia la forma de los glóbulos rojos. Se supone que las células tienen forma de disco, pero en cambio tienen forma de medialuna o de hoz.\nLas células en forma de hoz no son flexibles y no pueden cambiar de forma fácilmente. Muchas de ellas se rompen al movilizarse a través de sus vasos sanguíneos. Las células falciformes por lo general solo duran de 10 a 20 días, en lugar de los 90 a 120 días normales. Su cuerpo puede tener problemas para crear suficientes células nuevas para reemplazar las que perdió. Por ello, es posible que no tenga suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama anemia y puede hacer que se sienta cansado.\nLas células en forma de hoz también pueden atascarse a las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos, causando un bloqueo que hace más lento o detiene el flujo de sangre. Cuando esto sucede, el oxígeno no puede llegar a los tejidos cercanos. La falta de oxígeno puede causar ataques de dolor repentino y severo, llamados crisis de dolor. Estos ataques pueden ocurrir sin previo aviso. Si sufre alguno, es posible que deba ir al hospital para recibir tratamiento.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad de células falciformes?\nLa enfermedad de células falciformes es causada por una variante (cambio) en un gen que contiene instrucciones para la producción de una parte de la hemoglobina. A veces, este gen modificado se conoce como gen de células falciformes (rasgo drepanocítico). Las personas con la enfermedad nacen con dos genes de células falciformes, uno de cada progenitor.\nSi nace con un gen de células falciformes, se llama rasgo de células falciformes. Las personas con rasgo de células falciformes generalmente son saludables, pero pueden transmitir el gen defectuoso a sus hijos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedad de células falciformes?\nEn los Estados Unidos, la mayoría de las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes son afroamericanos:\n• Cerca de uno de cada 13 bebés afrodescendientes nace con rasgo drepanocítico\n• Cerca de uno de cada 365 niños afrodescendientes nace con la enfermedad de células falciformes\nLa enfermedad de células falciformes también afecta a algunas personas que ascendencia hispana, del sur de Europa, del Medio Oriente o de la India.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de células falciformes?\nLas personas con enfermedad de células falciformes comienzan a tener signos de la enfermedad durante el primer año de vida, por lo general alrededor de los cinco o seis meses de edad. Los primeros síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Hinchazón dolorosa de las manos y los pies\n• Fatiga o irritabilidad por la anemia\n• Un color amarillento de la piel (ictericia) o el blanco de los ojos\nLos efectos de la enfermedad de células falciformes varían de persona a persona y pueden cambiar con el tiempo. La mayoría de sus signos y síntomas están relacionados con complicaciones de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir dolor intenso, anemia, daño de órganos e infecciones.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de células falciformes?\nUn examen de sangre puede mostrar si tiene enfermedad de células falciformes o rasgo drepanocítico. Las pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si tiene una o dos copias del gen de la enfermedad de células falciformes. Las pruebas genéticas pueden ayudar a confirmar el diagnóstico si los resultados de los análisis de sangre no son claros.\nEn la actualidad, todos los estados realizan pruebas a los recién nacidos para detectar enfermedad de células falciformes (así como muchas otras afecciones tratables) como parte de sus programas de detección. Estos programas ayudan a detectar las afecciones de manera temprana, para que se pueda iniciar el tratamiento de inmediato.\nLos profesionales de la salud también pueden diagnosticar enfermedad de células falciformes antes de que nazca un bebé. La prueba usa una muestra de líquido amniótico (el líquido en el saco que rodea al bebé) o tejido extraído de la placenta (el órgano que aporta oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé).\nLas personas que están pensando en tener hijos pueden hacerse la prueba para averiguar qué tan probable es que sus hijos tengan enfermedad de células falciformes.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de células falciformes?\nExisten muchas maneras de controlar la enfermedad de células falciformes. Es probable que su equipo médico incluya un hematólogo, un especialista en enfermedades de la sangre. Usted trabajará con su equipo médico para establecer un plan de tratamiento. Las posibles opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:\n• Tratamientos para ayudar a aliviar y disminuir los síntomas, incluyendo:\n• Hidroxiurea: Medicamento para ayudar a evitar la deformación de los glóbulos rojos. Esto puede ayudar a prevenir los síntomas graves de la enfermedad de células falciformes. Este medicamento se puede utilizar en adultos y niños a partir de los nueve meses de edad. Pero no es seguro durante el embarazo\n• Voxelotor: Otro medicamento para prevenir que cambien de forma los glóbulos rojos. Se puede usar en adultos y niños a partir de los cuatro años de edad\n• Analgésicos para el dolor agudo o crónico\n• Antibióticos para tratar de prevenir infecciones en niños más pequeños\n• Transfusiones de sangre para la anemia severa. Si ha tenido algunas complicaciones graves, como un accidente cerebrovascular, es posible que tenga transfusiones para evitar más complicaciones\nOtros tratamientos para complicaciones específicas, como medicamentos para bajar la presión arterial y vitaminas para tratar una deficiencia de vitaminas.\n• Trasplante de médula ósea o células madre: Pueden curar la afección. Debido a que estos trasplantes son riesgosos y pueden tener efectos secundarios graves, generalmente solo se usan en niños con enfermedad de células falciformes grave. Para que el trasplante funcione, la médula ósea debe ser muy compatible. En general, el mejor donante es un hermano o una hermana\n• Terapias genéticas para tratar la enfermedad de células falciformes en personas de 12 años o mayores que han tenido crisis falciformes repetidas: Estas nuevas terapias implican tomar algunas de las células madre sanguíneas y agregarles ADN nuevo o cambiar el ADN existente. Luego, se suministran estas células modificadas, las que pueden producir un tipo de hemoglobina sana. Esto puede reducir las complicaciones de la enfermedad de células falciformes, incluyendo las crisis\nAlgunos tipos de medicina complementaria y alternativa parecen ayudar a algunas personas a lidiar con el dolor causado por la enfermedad de células falciformes. Estos tipos de tratamientos pueden reducir el dolor, especialmente si no se controla bien con medicamentos:\n• Terapia cognitivo-conductual (un tipo de consejería)\n• Acupuntura\n• Programas de ejercicio o movimiento, como yoga\n• Masajes\n• Prácticas de meditación y atención plena\n• Realidad virtual, un entorno tridimensional generado por computadora que se puede ver con gafas especiales\nTambién es importante tomar medidas para mantenerse lo más sano posible:\n• Recibir atención médica regular\n• Obtenga las vacunas recomendadas\n• Tener un estilo de vida saludable\n• Evitar situaciones que puedan desencadenar una crisis de dolor\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0128","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Anemia, Sickle Cell — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0162","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Anemia, Sickle Cell — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0120","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"aplastic-anaemia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/aplastic-anaemia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D61","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"3A70.Z","display":"Aplastic anaemia, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/502834133/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#502834133/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Aplastic anaemia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anemie aplastică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فقر الدم اللاتنسجي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aplastická anémie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aplastische Anämie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απλαστική αναιμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Anemia aplásica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anémie aplasique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अप्लास्टिक एनीमिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aplasztikus anémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anemia aplastica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"再生不良性貧血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"재생불량성 빈혈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedokrwistość aplastyczna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Anemia aplástica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Апластическая анемия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aplastická anémia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aplastik anemi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Апластична анемія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"再生障碍性贫血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Aplastic Anemia","text":"What is aplastic anemia?\nAplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood disorder. If you have it, your bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells. It happens when there is damage to stem cells inside your bone marrow. There are different types of aplastic anemia, including Fanconi anemia.\nWhat causes aplastic anemia?\nThe causes of aplastic anemia can include:\n• Autoimmune disorders, which are the most common cause\n• Certain inherited gene changes, such as the one that can cause Fanconi anemia\n• Toxic substances, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene\n• Radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer\n• Certain medicines\n• Viral infections such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, or HIV\n• Pregnancy\nIn many people, the cause is unknown. This is called idiopathic aplastic anemia.\nWhat are the symptoms of aplastic anemia?\nAplastic anemia can develop suddenly or slowly. It can be mild or severe. The symptoms of aplastic anemia can include:\n• Fatigue\n• Weakness\n• Dizziness\n• Shortness of breath\n• Easy bruising or bleeding\nWhat other problems can aplastic anemia cause?\nAplastic anemia can cause other problems, including frequent infections and bleeding. It raises your risk of developing a serious blood disorder.\nIf not treated, aplastic anemia can also lead to heart problems such as an arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat), an enlarged heart, or heart failure.\nHow is aplastic anemia diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have aplastic anemia, your doctor will:\n• Take your medical and your family medical histories\n• Do a physical exam\n• Order tests, such as tests to check if you have low numbers of cells in your bone marrow and blood\nWhat are the treatments for aplastic anemia?\nIf you have aplastic anemia, your doctor will create a treatment plan for you. The plan will be based on how severe the anemia is and what is causing it. Treatments can include:\n• Blood transfusions\n• Blood and marrow stem cell transplants\n• Medicines to suppress your immune system\nBecause of the risk of blood disorders, your doctor will monitor your condition and screen you for blood disorders regularly.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Anemia aplásica","text":"¿Qué es la anemia aplásica?\nLa anemia aplásica es un trastorno sanguíneo poco común pero grave. Si lo tiene, su médula ósea no produce suficientes células sanguíneas nuevas. Ocurre cuando hay daño a las células madre dentro de la médula ósea. Existen diferentes tipos de anemia aplásica, incluyendo la anemia de Fanconi.\n¿Qué causa la anemia aplásica?\nLas causas de la anemia aplásica pueden incluir:\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes (la causa más común)\n• Ciertos cambios genéticos hereditarios, como el que puede causar anemia de Fanconi\n• Sustancias tóxicas, como pesticidas, arsénico y benceno\n• Radioterapia y quimioterapia para el cáncer\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Infecciones virales como la hepatitis, el virus de Epstein-Barr o el VIH\n• Embarazo\nEn muchas personas no se conoce la causa. Esto se llama anemia aplásica idiopática.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la anemia aplásica?\nLa anemia aplásica puede desarrollarse repentina o lentamente. Puede ser leve o grave. Sus síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Fatiga\n• Debilidad\n• Mareos\n• Problemas respiratorios\n• Moretones o sangrado fácil\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la anemia aplásica?\nLa anemia aplásica puede causar otros problemas, como infecciones frecuentes y sangrado; y aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno sanguíneo grave.\nSi no se trata, la anemia aplásica también puede provocar problemas cardíacos, como arritmia (un problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón), agrandamiento del corazón o insuficiencia cardíaca.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la anemia aplásica?\nPara saber si tiene anemia aplásica, su profesional de la salud tomará en cuenta:\n• Su historia clínica y la de su familia\n• Le hará un examen físico\n• Solicitará pruebas, como exámenes para comprobar si tiene un bajo número de células en la médula ósea y en la sangre\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la anemia aplásica?\nSi tiene anemia aplásica, su profesional de la salud creará un plan de tratamiento para usted. El plan se basará en la gravedad de la anemia y su causa. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Transfusiones de sangre\n• Trasplantes de células madre de sangre y médula ósea\n• Medicamentos para suprimir su sistema inmunitario\nDebido al riesgo de trastornos de la sangre, su médico controlará su estado y le examinará periódicamente para detectar trastornos de la sangre.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0121","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"haemophilia-a-factor-viii-deficiency","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/haemophilia-a-factor-viii-deficiency","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D66","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Haemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilie A (deficit de factor VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الناعور أ (نقص العامل الثامن)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilie A (nedostatek faktoru VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hämophilie A (Faktor-VIII-Mangel)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αιμορροφιλία Α (ανεπάρκεια παράγοντα VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilia A (déficit de factor VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hémophilie A (déficit en facteur VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हीमोफीलिया ए (फैक्टर VIII की कमी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A-típusú hemofília (VIII-as faktor hiánya)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emofilia A (deficit di fattore VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"血友病A（第VIII因子欠乏症）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"혈우병 A(제8인자 결핍)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilia A (niedobór czynnika VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilia A (deficiência de fator VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гемофилия A (дефицит фактора VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hemofília A (nedostatok faktora VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hemofili A (faktör VIII eksikliği)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гемофілія A (дефіцит фактора VIII)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲型血友病（第VIII因子缺乏）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hemophilia","text":"What is hemophilia?\nHemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to problems with bleeding too much after an injury or surgery. You can also have sudden bleeding inside your body, such as in your joints, muscles, and organs.\nYour blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help form clots to stop bleeding. People with hemophilia have low levels of one of these factors, usually either factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9). How severe the hemophilia is depends on the amount of factor in the blood. The lower the amount of the factor, the more likely it is that bleeding could happen and might lead to serious health problems.\nWhat are the types of hemophilia?\nThere are several different types of hemophilia. The most common are:\n• Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor VIII (8)\n• Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor IX (9)\nWhat causes hemophilia?\nMost types of hemophilia are inherited. They are caused by change in one of the genes (also called a mutation) that provides instructions for making the clotting factor proteins. The change may mean that the clotting proteins don't work properly or that they are missing altogether.\nThese genes are on the X chromosome. You may have one or two X chromosomes:\n• People who are born male have one X chromosome (from the mother) and one Y chromosome (from the father). They can get hemophilia if their one X chromosome has the gene change.\n• People who are born female have two X chromosomes, one from the father and one from the mother. They usually only get hemophilia if:\n• Both X chromosomes have the gene change OR\n• One X chromosome has the gene change and the other X chromosome is missing or inactive.\nPeople who are born female who have the gene change on one X chromosome are a \"carrier\" of hemophilia. Sometimes they may have some symptoms of hemophilia. They can pass the gene change on to their children.\nHemophilia that is not inherited is called acquired hemophilia. It is rare. It happens when your body makes specialized proteins called autoantibodies that attack and disable a clotting factor. This can happen because of pregnancy, immune system disorders, cancer, or allergic reactions to certain medicines. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\nWho is at risk for hemophilia?\nHemophilia is much more common in people who were born male since they can get it with a change to the gene on one X chromosome. People who have a family history of hemophilia are also at higher risk.\nWhat are the symptoms of hemophilia?\nThe signs and symptoms of hemophilia are:\n• Bleeding into the joints. This can cause swelling and pain or tightness in the joints. It often affects the knees, elbows, and ankles.\n• Bleeding into the skin (which is bruising).\n• Bleeding into the muscle and soft tissue, which can cause a build-up of blood in the area (called a hematoma).\n• Bleeding of the mouth and gums, including bleeding that is hard to stop after you lose a tooth.\n• Bleeding after circumcision.\n• Bleeding after having shots, such as vaccinations.\n• Bleeding in the head of an infant after a difficult delivery.\n• Blood in the urine or stool.\n• Frequent and hard-to-stop nosebleeds.\nIn some cases, severe hemophilia may cause bleeding in the brain. This may cause brain damage and can be life-threatening.\nHow is hemophilia diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have hemophilia, your health care provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have.\n• Ask about your family history, to find out if you have relatives who have or had hemophilia.\n• Do a physical exam to look for signs of hemophilia, such as bruising.\n• Do certain blood tests to show if your blood is clotting properly. If it does not, then you will have clotting factor tests to diagnose the cause of the bleeding disorder. These blood tests would show the type of hemophilia and the severity.\nThere is genetic testing for the factor VIII (8) and factor IX (9) genes. This testing may be used in people who have a family history of hemophilia to:\n• Identify people who are carriers before they make decisions about pregnancy\n• Test a fetus for hemophilia during pregnancy\n• Test a newborn for hemophilia\nWhat are the treatments for hemophilia?\nThe best way to treat hemophilia is to replace the missing clotting factor so that your blood can clot properly. This is usually done by injecting replacement clotting factor into a vein. The replacement clotting factor may be made from donated human blood. Or it may be made in a lab; this kind is called a recombinant clotting factor.\nReplacement clotting factor can help treat a bleeding episode. In more severe cases of hemophilia, you might get the factor on a regular basis to prevent bleeding. You can learn how to inject the factor so that you can do it yourself at home.\nThere are other medicines to treat hemophilia. They may work by releasing factor VIII (8) from where it is stored in the body tissues, replacing the function of factor VIII (8), or preventing clots from breaking down.\nIf bleeding has damaged your joints, physical therapy may help them function better.\nGood quality medical care from healthcare professionals who know a lot about the disorder can help prevent some serious problems. Often the best choice for care is to visit a hemophilia treatment center (HTC).\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hemofilia","text":"¿Qué es la hemofilia?\nLa hemofilia es un problema de la coagulación raro en el que la sangre no coagula como debería. Esto puede causar problemas de sangrado excesivo después de una lesión o cirugía. También puede tener sangrado repentino dentro del cuerpo, como en sus articulaciones, músculos y órganos.\nSu sangre contiene muchas proteínas llamadas factores de coagulación que pueden ayudar a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado. Las personas con hemofilia tienen niveles bajos de uno de estos factores, generalmente el factor VIII (8) o el factor IX (9). La gravedad de la hemofilia depende de la cantidad de factor en la sangre. Cuanto más baja sea la cantidad del factor, más probable es que se produzca una hemorragia y que esto cause problemas de salud graves.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de hemofilia?\nHay varios tipos diferentes de hemofilia. Los más comunes son:\n• Hemofilia A (hemofilia clásica): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación VIII (8)\n• Hemofilia B (enfermedad de Christmas): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación IX (9)\n¿Qué causa la hemofilia?\nLa mayoría de los tipos de hemofilia son heredados. Son causados por un cambio en uno de los genes (también llamado variación) que entrega instrucciones para producir las proteínas del factor de coagulación. Este cambio puede significar que las proteínas de coagulación no funcionan bien o que faltan por completo.\nEstos genes están en el cromosoma X. Es posible que tenga uno o dos cromosomas X:\n• Las personas que nacen varones tienen un cromosoma X (de la madre) y un cromosoma Y (del padre). Pueden contraer hemofilia si su único cromosoma X tiene el cambio genético\n• Las personas que nacen mujeres tienen dos cromosomas X, uno del padre y otro de la madre. Por lo general, solo contraen hemofilia si:\n• Ambos cromosomas X tienen el cambio genético\nó\n• Un cromosoma X tiene el gen modificado y el otro cromosoma X falta o está inactivo\nLas personas que nacen mujeres con el cambio genético en un cromosoma X son \"portadoras\" de la hemofilia. A veces pueden tener algunos síntomas de hemofilia, y pueden transmitir el cambio genético a sus hijos.\nLa hemofilia que no se hereda se llama hemofilia adquirida. Es poco común. Ocurre cuando el cuerpo produce proteínas especializadas llamadas autoanticuerpos que atacan y desactivan un factor de coagulación. Esto puede ocurrir debido a un embarazo, trastornos del sistema inmunitario, cáncer o reacciones alérgicas a ciertos medicamentos. A veces la causa es desconocida.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de hemofilia?\nLa hemofilia es mucho más común en personas que nacieron varones, ya que pueden contraerla con un cambio en el gen de un cromosoma X. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia también corren un mayor riesgo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hemofilia?\nLos signos y síntomas de la hemofilia son:\n• Sangrado en las articulaciones. Esto puede causar hinchazón y dolor u opresión en las articulaciones. A menudo afecta las rodillas, los codos y los tobillos\n• Sangrado en la piel (que son moretones)\n• Sangrado en el músculo y el tejido blando, lo que puede causar una acumulación de sangre en el área (llamado hematoma)\n• Sangrado de la boca y las encías, incluyendo sangrado difícil de detener después de perder un diente\n• Sangrado después de la circuncisión\n• Sangrado después de recibir inyecciones, como vacunas\n• Sangrado en la cabeza de un bebé después de un parto difícil\n• Sangre en la orina o las heces\n• Sangrados nasales frecuentes y difíciles de detener\nEn algunos casos, la hemofilia severa puede causar sangrado en el cerebro. Esto puede causar daño cerebral y puede poner en peligro la vida.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la hemofilia?\nPara saber si tiene hemofilia, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historial médico, incluyendo síntomas y otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener\n• Preguntar sobre sus antecedentes familiares, para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido hemofilia\n• Realizar un examen físico para buscar signos de hemofilia, como hematomas\n• Solicitar ciertos análisis de sangre para mostrar si su sangre está coagulando como debe. Si no es así, se le realizarán pruebas de factor de coagulación para diagnosticar la causa del trastorno hemorrágico. Estos análisis de sangre mostrarían el tipo de hemofilia y su gravedad.\nHay pruebas genéticas para los genes del factor VIII (8) y del factor IX (9). Esta prueba se puede usar en personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia para:\n• Identificar a las personas que son portadoras antes de tomar decisiones sobre un embarazo\n• Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un feto durante el embarazo\n• Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un recién nacido\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hemofilia?\nLa mejor manera de tratar la hemofilia es reemplazar el factor de coagulación faltante para que la sangre pueda coagular bien. En general, esto se hace inyectando un factor de coagulación de reemplazo en una vena. El factor de coagulación de reemplazo se puede hacer a partir de sangre humana donada. O puede hacerse en un laboratorio; a lo que se llama factor de coagulación recombinante.\nEl factor de coagulación de reemplazo puede ayudar a tratar un episodio de sangrado. En los casos más graves de hemofilia, es posible que reciba el factor de manera regular para prevenir el sangrado. Puede aprender cómo inyectar el factor para que pueda hacerlo usted mismo en casa.\nHay otros medicamentos para tratar la hemofilia. Pueden funcionar liberando el factor VIII (8) desde donde está almacenado en los tejidos del cuerpo, reemplazando la función del factor VIII (8) o evitando que se disuelvan los coágulos.\nSi el sangrado ha dañado sus articulaciones, la terapia física puede ayudar a mejorar su funcionamiento.\nUna atención médica de buena calidad entregada por profesionales de la salud con amplios conocimientos sobre el trastorno puede ayudar a prevenir algunos problemas graves. A menudo, la mejor opción de atención es visitar un centro de tratamiento para la hemofilia (en inglés).\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0122","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"haemophilia-b-factor-ix-deficiency","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/haemophilia-b-factor-ix-deficiency","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D67","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"3B11.Z","display":"Hereditary factor IX deficiency, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/755266992/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#755266992/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilie B (deficit de factor IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الناعور ب (نقص العامل التاسع)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilie B (nedostatek faktoru IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hämophilie B (Faktor-IX-Mangel)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αιμορροφιλία Β (ανεπάρκεια παράγοντα IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilia B (déficit de factor IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hémophilie B (déficit en facteur IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हीमोफीलिया बी (फैक्टर IX की कमी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"B-típusú hemofília (IX-es faktor hiánya)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emofilia B (deficit di fattore IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"血友病B（第IX因子欠乏症）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"혈우병 B(제9인자 결핍)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilia B (niedobór czynnika IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hemofilia B (deficiência de fator IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гемофилия B (дефицит фактора IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hemofília B (nedostatok faktora IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hemofili B (faktör IX eksikliği)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гемофілія B (дефіцит фактора IX)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"乙型血友病（第IX因子缺乏）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hemophilia","text":"What is hemophilia?\nHemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to problems with bleeding too much after an injury or surgery. You can also have sudden bleeding inside your body, such as in your joints, muscles, and organs.\nYour blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help form clots to stop bleeding. People with hemophilia have low levels of one of these factors, usually either factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9). How severe the hemophilia is depends on the amount of factor in the blood. The lower the amount of the factor, the more likely it is that bleeding could happen and might lead to serious health problems.\nWhat are the types of hemophilia?\nThere are several different types of hemophilia. The most common are:\n• Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor VIII (8)\n• Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor IX (9)\nWhat causes hemophilia?\nMost types of hemophilia are inherited. They are caused by change in one of the genes (also called a mutation) that provides instructions for making the clotting factor proteins. The change may mean that the clotting proteins don't work properly or that they are missing altogether.\nThese genes are on the X chromosome. You may have one or two X chromosomes:\n• People who are born male have one X chromosome (from the mother) and one Y chromosome (from the father). They can get hemophilia if their one X chromosome has the gene change.\n• People who are born female have two X chromosomes, one from the father and one from the mother. They usually only get hemophilia if:\n• Both X chromosomes have the gene change OR\n• One X chromosome has the gene change and the other X chromosome is missing or inactive.\nPeople who are born female who have the gene change on one X chromosome are a \"carrier\" of hemophilia. Sometimes they may have some symptoms of hemophilia. They can pass the gene change on to their children.\nHemophilia that is not inherited is called acquired hemophilia. It is rare. It happens when your body makes specialized proteins called autoantibodies that attack and disable a clotting factor. This can happen because of pregnancy, immune system disorders, cancer, or allergic reactions to certain medicines. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\nWho is at risk for hemophilia?\nHemophilia is much more common in people who were born male since they can get it with a change to the gene on one X chromosome. People who have a family history of hemophilia are also at higher risk.\nWhat are the symptoms of hemophilia?\nThe signs and symptoms of hemophilia are:\n• Bleeding into the joints. This can cause swelling and pain or tightness in the joints. It often affects the knees, elbows, and ankles.\n• Bleeding into the skin (which is bruising).\n• Bleeding into the muscle and soft tissue, which can cause a build-up of blood in the area (called a hematoma).\n• Bleeding of the mouth and gums, including bleeding that is hard to stop after you lose a tooth.\n• Bleeding after circumcision.\n• Bleeding after having shots, such as vaccinations.\n• Bleeding in the head of an infant after a difficult delivery.\n• Blood in the urine or stool.\n• Frequent and hard-to-stop nosebleeds.\nIn some cases, severe hemophilia may cause bleeding in the brain. This may cause brain damage and can be life-threatening.\nHow is hemophilia diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have hemophilia, your health care provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have.\n• Ask about your family history, to find out if you have relatives who have or had hemophilia.\n• Do a physical exam to look for signs of hemophilia, such as bruising.\n• Do certain blood tests to show if your blood is clotting properly. If it does not, then you will have clotting factor tests to diagnose the cause of the bleeding disorder. These blood tests would show the type of hemophilia and the severity.\nThere is genetic testing for the factor VIII (8) and factor IX (9) genes. This testing may be used in people who have a family history of hemophilia to:\n• Identify people who are carriers before they make decisions about pregnancy\n• Test a fetus for hemophilia during pregnancy\n• Test a newborn for hemophilia\nWhat are the treatments for hemophilia?\nThe best way to treat hemophilia is to replace the missing clotting factor so that your blood can clot properly. This is usually done by injecting replacement clotting factor into a vein. The replacement clotting factor may be made from donated human blood. Or it may be made in a lab; this kind is called a recombinant clotting factor.\nReplacement clotting factor can help treat a bleeding episode. In more severe cases of hemophilia, you might get the factor on a regular basis to prevent bleeding. You can learn how to inject the factor so that you can do it yourself at home.\nThere are other medicines to treat hemophilia. They may work by releasing factor VIII (8) from where it is stored in the body tissues, replacing the function of factor VIII (8), or preventing clots from breaking down.\nIf bleeding has damaged your joints, physical therapy may help them function better.\nGood quality medical care from healthcare professionals who know a lot about the disorder can help prevent some serious problems. Often the best choice for care is to visit a hemophilia treatment center (HTC).\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hemofilia","text":"¿Qué es la hemofilia?\nLa hemofilia es un problema de la coagulación raro en el que la sangre no coagula como debería. Esto puede causar problemas de sangrado excesivo después de una lesión o cirugía. También puede tener sangrado repentino dentro del cuerpo, como en sus articulaciones, músculos y órganos.\nSu sangre contiene muchas proteínas llamadas factores de coagulación que pueden ayudar a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado. Las personas con hemofilia tienen niveles bajos de uno de estos factores, generalmente el factor VIII (8) o el factor IX (9). La gravedad de la hemofilia depende de la cantidad de factor en la sangre. Cuanto más baja sea la cantidad del factor, más probable es que se produzca una hemorragia y que esto cause problemas de salud graves.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de hemofilia?\nHay varios tipos diferentes de hemofilia. Los más comunes son:\n• Hemofilia A (hemofilia clásica): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación VIII (8)\n• Hemofilia B (enfermedad de Christmas): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación IX (9)\n¿Qué causa la hemofilia?\nLa mayoría de los tipos de hemofilia son heredados. Son causados por un cambio en uno de los genes (también llamado variación) que entrega instrucciones para producir las proteínas del factor de coagulación. Este cambio puede significar que las proteínas de coagulación no funcionan bien o que faltan por completo.\nEstos genes están en el cromosoma X. Es posible que tenga uno o dos cromosomas X:\n• Las personas que nacen varones tienen un cromosoma X (de la madre) y un cromosoma Y (del padre). Pueden contraer hemofilia si su único cromosoma X tiene el cambio genético\n• Las personas que nacen mujeres tienen dos cromosomas X, uno del padre y otro de la madre. Por lo general, solo contraen hemofilia si:\n• Ambos cromosomas X tienen el cambio genético\nó\n• Un cromosoma X tiene el gen modificado y el otro cromosoma X falta o está inactivo\nLas personas que nacen mujeres con el cambio genético en un cromosoma X son \"portadoras\" de la hemofilia. A veces pueden tener algunos síntomas de hemofilia, y pueden transmitir el cambio genético a sus hijos.\nLa hemofilia que no se hereda se llama hemofilia adquirida. Es poco común. Ocurre cuando el cuerpo produce proteínas especializadas llamadas autoanticuerpos que atacan y desactivan un factor de coagulación. Esto puede ocurrir debido a un embarazo, trastornos del sistema inmunitario, cáncer o reacciones alérgicas a ciertos medicamentos. A veces la causa es desconocida.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de hemofilia?\nLa hemofilia es mucho más común en personas que nacieron varones, ya que pueden contraerla con un cambio en el gen de un cromosoma X. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia también corren un mayor riesgo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hemofilia?\nLos signos y síntomas de la hemofilia son:\n• Sangrado en las articulaciones. Esto puede causar hinchazón y dolor u opresión en las articulaciones. A menudo afecta las rodillas, los codos y los tobillos\n• Sangrado en la piel (que son moretones)\n• Sangrado en el músculo y el tejido blando, lo que puede causar una acumulación de sangre en el área (llamado hematoma)\n• Sangrado de la boca y las encías, incluyendo sangrado difícil de detener después de perder un diente\n• Sangrado después de la circuncisión\n• Sangrado después de recibir inyecciones, como vacunas\n• Sangrado en la cabeza de un bebé después de un parto difícil\n• Sangre en la orina o las heces\n• Sangrados nasales frecuentes y difíciles de detener\nEn algunos casos, la hemofilia severa puede causar sangrado en el cerebro. Esto puede causar daño cerebral y puede poner en peligro la vida.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la hemofilia?\nPara saber si tiene hemofilia, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historial médico, incluyendo síntomas y otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener\n• Preguntar sobre sus antecedentes familiares, para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido hemofilia\n• Realizar un examen físico para buscar signos de hemofilia, como hematomas\n• Solicitar ciertos análisis de sangre para mostrar si su sangre está coagulando como debe. Si no es así, se le realizarán pruebas de factor de coagulación para diagnosticar la causa del trastorno hemorrágico. Estos análisis de sangre mostrarían el tipo de hemofilia y su gravedad.\nHay pruebas genéticas para los genes del factor VIII (8) y del factor IX (9). Esta prueba se puede usar en personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia para:\n• Identificar a las personas que son portadoras antes de tomar decisiones sobre un embarazo\n• Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un feto durante el embarazo\n• Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un recién nacido\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hemofilia?\nLa mejor manera de tratar la hemofilia es reemplazar el factor de coagulación faltante para que la sangre pueda coagular bien. En general, esto se hace inyectando un factor de coagulación de reemplazo en una vena. El factor de coagulación de reemplazo se puede hacer a partir de sangre humana donada. O puede hacerse en un laboratorio; a lo que se llama factor de coagulación recombinante.\nEl factor de coagulación de reemplazo puede ayudar a tratar un episodio de sangrado. En los casos más graves de hemofilia, es posible que reciba el factor de manera regular para prevenir el sangrado. Puede aprender cómo inyectar el factor para que pueda hacerlo usted mismo en casa.\nHay otros medicamentos para tratar la hemofilia. Pueden funcionar liberando el factor VIII (8) desde donde está almacenado en los tejidos del cuerpo, reemplazando la función del factor VIII (8) o evitando que se disuelvan los coágulos.\nSi el sangrado ha dañado sus articulaciones, la terapia física puede ayudar a mejorar su funcionamiento.\nUna atención médica de buena calidad entregada por profesionales de la salud con amplios conocimientos sobre el trastorno puede ayudar a prevenir algunos problemas graves. A menudo, la mejor opción de atención es visitar un centro de tratamiento para la hemofilia (en inglés).\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0123","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"diseases-of-the-spleen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/diseases-of-the-spleen","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D73","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Diseases of the spleen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boli ale splinei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض الطحال","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nemoci sleziny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen der Milz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παθήσεις του σπλήνα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedades del bazo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladies de la rate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तिल्ली के रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A lép betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattie della milza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脾臓の病気","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비장 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby śledziony","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doenças do baço","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни селезёнки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Choroby sleziny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dalak hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби селезінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脾脏疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Spleen Diseases","text":"Your spleen is an organ above your stomach and under your ribs on your left side. It is about as big as your fist. The spleen is part of your lymphatic system, which fights infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. It contains white blood cells that fight germs. Your spleen also helps control the amount of blood in your body, and destroys old and damaged cells.\nCertain diseases might cause your spleen to swell. You can also damage or rupture your spleen in an injury, especially if it is already swollen. If your spleen is too damaged, you might need surgery to remove it. You can live without a spleen. Other organs, such as your liver, will take over some of the spleen's work. Without a spleen, however, your body will lose some of its ability to fight infections.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del bazo","text":"El bazo es un órgano que se encuentra en su costado izquierdo, por arriba del estómago y debajo de las costillas. Tiene el tamaño aproximado de su puño. El bazo forma parte del sistema linfático, que combate las infecciones y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Contiene los glóbulos blancos que luchan contra los gérmenes. El bazo también ayuda a controlar la cantidad de sangre del organismo y destruye las células envejecidas y dañadas.\nAlgunas enfermedades pueden provocar una inflamación del bazo. Los traumatismos también pueden lesionar o romper el bazo, especialmente si ya está inflamado. Si el bazo se encuentra muy afectado, es posible que sea necesaria una extirpación quirúrgica. Se puede vivir sin el bazo. Otros órganos, como el hígado, harán algunas de las funciones del bazo. Sin embargo, sin el bazo, el cuerpo perderá parte de su capacidad para combatir las infecciones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0124","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sarcoidosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sarcoidosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"D86","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoidosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoidosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoidoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الساركويد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sarkoidóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sarkoidose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σαρκοείδωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoïdose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सारकॉइडोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szarkoidózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoidosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"サルコイドーシス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"사르코이드증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sarkoidoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sarcoidose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Саркоидоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sarkoidóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sarkoidoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Саркоїдоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"结节病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sarcoidosis","text":"What is sarcoidosis?\nSarcoidosis is a condition in which groups of cells in your immune system form small, red, and swollen (inflamed) lumps. These lumps are called granulomas. They can form in any organ in the body. But they most commonly affect the lungs and lymph nodes in the chest. Over time, sarcoidosis can cause permanent scarring of organs.\nWhat causes sarcoidosis?\nYour immune system creates inflammation to help defend you against germs and sickness. But in sarcoidosis, inflammation goes off track. It causes the cells in your immune system to form granulomas. Studies suggest that this inflammation might be triggered by infections and certain substances in the environment such as insecticides and mold. And your genes may affect how your immune system reacts to a trigger.\nWho is more likely to develop sarcoidosis?\nAnyone can develop sarcoidosis, but you are more likely to have it if you:\n• Are older, especially if you are over age 55\n• Live or work near insecticides, mold, or other substances that may cause inflammation\n• Have a close relative who has sarcoidosis\n• Take certain medicines, such as some types of HIV medicines and monoclonal antibodies\n• Are of African or Scandinavian descent\n• Are female\nWhat are the symptoms of sarcoidosis?\nMany people who have sarcoidosis have no symptoms, or they may feel unwell but without any obvious symptoms. If you have symptoms, you may have some general symptoms. And you may have other symptoms, which will depend upon which part of the body is affected.\nThe general symptoms can include:\n• Fatigue\n• Weight loss\n• Swollen lymph nodes\n• Depression\n• Fever\n• Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)\nThe symptoms of sarcoidosis in the lungs can include:\n• Wheezing\n• Cough\n• Shortness of breath\n• Chest pain\nThe symptoms of sarcoidosis in other parts of the body can include:\n• Larger than normal liver or spleen\n• Jaundice, which can make your eyes or skin yellow\n• Nervous system problems, such as:\n• Headache\n• Dizziness\n• Vision problems\n• Seizures\n• Numbness or tingling\n• Heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)\n• Pain and swelling in the joints\n• Skin problems such as rashes and growths under the skin\nThere is also a set of symptoms that are called Lofgren's syndrome. Some people have Lofgren's syndrome when they first develop sarcoidosis. It usually goes away completely within 2 years. The symptoms of Lofgren's syndrome may include:\n• Swollen lymph nodes in your chest, neck, chin, armpits, or groin.\n• A rash of small, itchy, or painful bumps called erythema nodosum. The rash is most often on your head, neck, or legs.\n• Blurred vision, eye pain or redness, light sensitivity, or watery eyes.\n• Joint pain, stiffness, or swelling.\n• Fever.\nWhat other problems can sarcoidosis cause?\nIf untreated, or if the treatment does not work, sarcoidosis can cause serious health problems called complications. Possible complications include:\n• Lung problems\n• Heart problems\n• Hormone problems\n• Brain, nerve, or muscle problems\n• Kidney problems\n• Severe organ damage\nHow is sarcoidosis diagnosed?\nThere is no single test that can diagnose sarcoidosis, and its symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of many other conditions. That makes it hard to diagnose. To find out if you have sarcoidosis, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, lifestyle, and any other health conditions you may have.\n• Will do a physical exam, which may include:\n• Checking your temperature\n• Checking to see if your lymph nodes, spleen, or liver are swollen\n• Listening to your chest with a stethoscope as you breathe in and out\n• Looking for rashes or sores on your body, such as scalp and lower legs\n• Will likely order various tests, such as:\n• Chest x-rays\n• A biopsy of the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, or other affected organs\n• Blood tests to check your blood counts, hormone levels, and how well your kidneys are working\n• Other imaging tests\nIf you are diagnosed with sarcoidosis, your provider may order other tests to look at how sarcoidosis is affecting the body.\nWhat are the treatments for sarcoidosis?\nThere is no cure for sarcoidosis. The goal of treatment for sarcoidosis is remission, which means you still have the condition, but it does not cause you problems.\nYou may not need treatment, and sometimes the condition goes away on its own. If you do need treatment, which treatment(s) you get will depend on your symptoms, which organs are affected, and whether those organs are working well. You may be given medicines to:\n• Lower inflammation\n• Treat an overactive immune response\n• Treat joint pain\n• Treat skin problems\nIf you have complications from sarcoidosis, you may need other treatments, such as other medicines, surgery, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, or an implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator.\nWhether or not you have symptoms from sarcoidosis, it's important to get regular follow-up care from your provider, make healthy lifestyle changes, and contact your provider if you have any new symptoms.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sarcoidosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sarcoidosis","text":"¿Qué es la sarcoidosis?\nLa sarcoidosis es una afección en la que grupos de células del sistema inmunitario forman bultos pequeños, rojos e hinchados (inflamados). Estos bultos se llaman granulomas. Pueden formarse en cualquier órgano del cuerpo, pero son más comunes en los pulmones y los ganglios linfáticos del pecho. Con el tiempo, la sarcoidosis puede provocar cicatrices permanentes en los órganos.\n¿Qué causa la sarcoidosis?\nSu sistema inmunitario provoca inflamación para ayudar a defenderse contra gérmenes y enfermedades. Pero en la sarcoidosis hay un problema con esta inflamación. Hace que las células de su sistema inmunitario formen granulomas. Los estudios sugieren que esta inflamación podría ser causada por infecciones y ciertas sustancias del medio ambiente, como insecticidas y moho; y sus genes pueden afectar la forma en que su sistema inmunitario reacciona ante un desencadenante.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sarcoidosis?\nCualquier persona puede tener sarcoidosis, pero es más probable que la tenga si:\n• Es una persona mayor, especialmente si tiene más de 55 años\n• Vive o trabaja cerca de insecticidas, moho u otras sustancias que puedan causar inflamación\n• Tiene un pariente cercano con sarcoidosis\n• Toma ciertos medicamentos, como algunos tipos de medicinas contra el VIH y anticuerpos monoclonales\n• Es de ascendencia africana o escandinava\n• Es mujer\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sarcoidosis?\nMuchas personas que tienen sarcoidosis no presentan síntomas o pueden sentirse mal pero sin ningún síntoma evidente. Si tiene síntomas, es posible que sean generales. Y puede que tenga otros síntomas, que dependerán de qué parte del cuerpo esté afectada.\nLos síntomas generales pueden incluir:\n• Fatiga\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados\n• Depresión\n• Fiebre\n• Sudores nocturnos (transpiración intensa mientras duerme)\nLos síntomas de la sarcoidosis en los pulmones pueden incluir:\n• Sibilancias\n• Tos\n• Problemas respiratorios\n• Dolor de pecho\nLos síntomas de la sarcoidosis en otras partes del cuerpo pueden incluir:\n• Hígado o bazo más grande de lo normal\n• Ictericia, que causa un tono amarillento de la piel o los ojos\n• Problemas del sistema nervioso, como:\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Mareos\n• Problemas de visión\n• Convulsiones\n• Entumecimiento u hormigueo\n• Palpitaciones del corazón o latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)\n• Dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones\n• Problemas de la piel como sarpullido y crecimientos debajo de la piel\nTambién existe un conjunto de síntomas llamados síndrome de Lofgren. Algunas personas presentan este síndrome cuando desarrollan sarcoidosis por primera vez. Por lo general, desaparece por completo en 2 años. Sus síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Ganglios linfáticos inflamados en el pecho, cuello, barbilla, axilas o ingle\n• Una erupción de bultos pequeños, dolorosos o que pican, llamado eritema nudoso. La erupción suele aparecer en la cabeza, el cuello o las piernas\n• Visión borrosa, dolor o enrojecimiento de los ojos, sensibilidad a la luz u ojos llorosos\n• Dolor, rigidez o hinchazón de las articulaciones\n• Fiebre\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sarcoidosis?\nSi no se trata o si el tratamiento no funciona, la sarcoidosis puede causar problemas de salud graves (complicaciones). Las posibles complicaciones incluyen:\n• Problemas pulmonares\n• Problemas del corazón\n• Problemas hormonales\n• Problemas cerebrales, nerviosos o musculares\n• Problemas renales\n• Daño severo a los órganos\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la sarcoidosis?\nNo existe una prueba única que pueda diagnosticar la sarcoidosis y sus síntomas pueden ser similares a los de muchas otras afecciones. Esto la hace difícil de diagnosticar. Para saber si tiene sarcoidosis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas, estilo de vida y cualquier otra afección de salud que pueda tener\n• Realizará un examen físico, que puede incluir:\n• Medir su temperatura\n• Comprobar si los ganglios linfáticos, el bazo o el hígado están inflamados\n• Escuchar su pecho con un estetoscopio mientras inhala y exhala\n• Buscar erupciones o llagas en el cuerpo, como el cuero cabelludo y la parte inferior de las piernas\n• Probablemente solicite varias pruebas, como:\n• Radiografía del tórax\n• Una biopsia de la piel, ganglios linfáticos, pulmones u otros órganos afectados\n• Análisis de sangre para verificar sus conteos sanguíneos, niveles hormonales y qué tan bien están funcionando sus riñones\n• Otras pruebas de imagen\nSi le diagnostican sarcoidosis, su profesional de la salud puede solicitar otras pruebas para observar cómo la sarcoidosis está afectando el cuerpo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sarcoidosis?\nLa sarcoidosis no tiene cura. El objetivo del tratamiento de la sarcoidosis es la remisión, lo que significa que usted todavía tiene la afección, pero no le causa problemas.\nEs posible que no necesite tratamiento y, en ocasiones, la afección desaparece por sí sola. Si necesita tratamiento, este dependerá de sus síntomas, qué órganos están afectados y si esos órganos están funcionando bien. Es posible que le administren medicamentos para:\n• Bajar la inflamación\n• Tratar una respuesta inmune hiperactiva\n• Tratar el dolor articular\n• Tratar problemas de la piel\nSi tiene complicaciones por la sarcoidosis, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos, como otros medicamentos, cirugía, oxigenoterapia, rehabilitación pulmonar o un marcapasos o desfibrilador cardíaco implantado.\nIndependientemente de si tiene síntomas de sarcoidosis o no, es importante recibir atención de seguimiento regular de su profesional de la salud, realizar cambios saludables en su estilo de vida y comunicarse con su proveedor si tiene algún síntoma nuevo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0125","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hypothyroidism-from-mild-iodine-deficiency-subclinical","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hypothyroidism-from-mild-iodine-deficiency-subclinical","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E02","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A00.22","display":"Subclinical iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/608878813","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#608878813"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Subclinical iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hypothyroidism from mild iodine deficiency (subclinical)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidism subclinic prin deficit de iod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قصور الغدة الدرقية تحت السريري بسبب نقص اليود","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Subklinická hypotyreóza z nedostatku jódu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Subklinische Hypothyreose durch Jodmangel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υποκλινικός υποθυρεοειδισμός από ανεπάρκεια ιωδίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidismo subclínico por déficit de yodo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypothyroïdie infraclinique par carence en iode","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आयोडीन की कमी से उपनैदानिक हाइपोथायरायडिज्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Jódhiány okozta szubklinikai pajzsmirigy-alulműködés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipotiroidismo subclinico da carenza di iodio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ヨウ素欠乏による潜在性甲状腺機能低下症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"요오드 결핍성 무증상 갑상선기능저하증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Subkliniczna niedoczynność tarczycy z niedoboru jodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidismo subclínico por deficiência de iodo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Субклинический гипотиреоз из-за дефицита йода","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Subklinická hypotyreóza z nedostatku jódu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İyot eksikliğine bağlı subklinik hipotiroidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Субклінічний гіпотиреоз через дефіцит йоду","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"碘缺乏所致亚临床甲状腺功能减退","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hypothyroidism","text":"What is hypothyroidism?\nHypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs.\nYour thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. Without enough thyroid hormones, many of your body's functions slow down. But there are treatments that can help.\nWhat causes hypothyroidism?\nHypothyroidism has several causes. They include:\n• Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks your thyroid. This is the most common cause.\n• Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid\n• Congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism that is present at birth\n• Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid\n• Radiation treatment of the thyroid\n• Certain medicines\n• In rare cases, a pituitary disease or too much or too little iodine in your diet\nWho is at risk for hypothyroidism?\nYou are at higher risk for hypothyroidism if you:\n• Are a woman\n• Are older than age 60\n• Have had a thyroid problem before, such as a goiter\n• Have had surgery to correct a thyroid problem\n• Have received radiation treatment to the thyroid, neck, or chest\n• Have a family history of thyroid disease\n• Were pregnant or had a baby in the past 6 months\n• Have Turner syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects females\n• Have pernicious anemia, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough vitamin B12\n• Have Sjogren's syndrome, a disease that causes dry eyes and mouth\n• Have type 1 diabetes\n• Have rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that affects the joints\n• Have lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease\nWhat are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?\nThe symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:\n• Fatigue\n• Weight gain\n• A puffy face\n• Trouble tolerating cold\n• Joint and muscle pain\n• Constipation\n• Dry skin\n• Dry, thinning hair\n• Decreased sweating\n• Heavy or irregular menstrual periods\n• Fertility problems in women\n• Depression\n• Slowed heart rate\n• Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.\nBecause hypothyroidism develops slowly, many people don't notice symptoms of the disease for months or even years.\nWhat other problems can hypothyroidism cause?\nHypothyroidism can contribute to high cholesterol. In rare cases, untreated hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma. This is a condition in which your body's functions slow down to the point that it becomes life-threatening.\nDuring pregnancy, hypothyroidism can cause complications, such as premature birth, high blood pressure in pregnancy, and miscarriage. It can also slow the baby's growth and development.\nHow is hypothyroidism diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Thyroid tests, such as\n• TSH, T3, T4, and thyroid antibody blood tests\n• Imaging tests, such as a thyroid scan, ultrasound, or radioactive iodine uptake test. A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.\nWhat are the treatments for hypothyroidism?\nThe treatment for hypothyroidism is medicine to replace the hormone that your own thyroid can no longer make. About 6 to 8 weeks after you start taking the medicine, you will get a blood test to check your thyroid hormone level. Your health care provider will adjust your dose if needed. Each time your dose is adjusted, you'll have another blood test. Once you find the right dose, you will probably get a blood test in 6 months. After that, you will need the test once a year.\nIf you take your medicine according to the instructions, you usually should be able to control the hypothyroidism. You should never stop taking your medicine without talking with your health care provider first.\nIf you have Hashimoto's disease or another type of autoimmune thyroid disorder, you may be sensitive to harmful side effects from iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.\nWomen need more iodine when they are pregnant because the baby gets iodine from the mother's diet. If you are pregnant, talk with your health care provider about how much iodine you need.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hipotiroidismo","text":"¿Qué es el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo, o tiroides hipoactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula tiroides no produce suficientes hormonas tiroideas para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo.\nSu tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Sin suficientes hormonas tiroideas, muchas de las funciones de su cuerpo se vuelven más lentas. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.\n¿Qué causa el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:\n• Enfermedad de Hashimoto: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides. Es la causa más común\n• Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides\n• Hipotiroidismo congénito: Hipotiroidismo presente al nacer\n• Extracción quirúrgica de parte o la totalidad de la tiroides\n• Tratamiento de radiación de la tiroides\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• En casos raros, una enfermedad de la glándula pituitaria o consumir demasiado o muy poco yodo en la dieta\n¿Quién está en riesgo de hipotiroidismo?\nUsted tiene mayor riesgo de hipotiroidismo si:\n• Es mujer\n• Es mayor de 60 años\n• Ha tenido un problema de tiroides anteriormente, como bocio\n• Ha tenido una cirugía para corregir un problema de tiroides\n• Ha recibido radioterapia en la tiroides, el cuello o el tórax\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides\n• Estuvo embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses\n• Tiene el síndrome de Turner, un trastorno genético que afecta a las mujeres\n• Tiene anemia perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente vitamina B12\n• Tiene el síndrome de Sjögren, enfermedad que causa sequedad en los ojos y la boca\n• Tiene diabetes tipo 1\n• Tiene artritis reumatoide, enfermedad autoinmune que afecta las articulaciones\n• Tiene lupus, enfermedad autoinmune crónica\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipotiroidismo?\nLos síntomas del hipotiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:\n• Fatiga\n• Aumento de peso\n• Rostro hinchado\n• Problemas para tolerar el frío\n• Dolor articular y muscular\n• Estreñimiento\n• Piel seca\n• Cabello seco y delgado\n• Disminución de la sudoración\n• Períodos menstruales intensos o irregulares\n• Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres\n• Depresión\n• Baja frecuencia cardíaca\n• Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar\nDebido a que el hipotiroidismo se desarrolla lentamente, muchas personas no notan síntomas de la enfermedad durante meses o incluso años.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo puede contribuir al colesterol alto. En casos raros, el hipotiroidismo no tratado puede causar coma mixedematoso. Esta es una condición en la que las funciones de su cuerpo se ralentizan hasta el punto de poner en peligro la vida.\nDurante el embarazo, el hipotiroidismo puede causar complicaciones como parto prematuro, presión arterial alta en el embarazo y pérdida del embarazo. También puede retrasar el crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipotiroidismo?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Pruebas de tiroides, como:\n• Prueba de TSH, T3, T4 y análisis de sangre de anticuerpos tiroideos\n• Pruebas de imagen como un examen de tiroides, ecografía o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo se trata con un medicamento para reemplazar la hormona que su propia tiroides no puede producir. Entre 6 a 8 semanas después de comenzar a tomar el medicamento se le realizará un análisis de sangre para verificar el nivel de su hormona tiroidea. Su profesional de la salud ajustará su dosis si es necesario. Cada vez que se ajuste su dosis, se le realizará otro análisis de sangre. Una vez que encuentre la dosis correcta, es probable que en 6 meses se someta a otro análisis de sangre. Después de eso, necesitará la prueba una vez al año.\nSi toma su medicamento de acuerdo con las instrucciones, debería poder controlar el hipotiroidismo. Nunca debe dejar de tomar su medicamento sin hablar primero con su profesional de la salud.\nSi tiene la enfermedad de Hashimoto u otro tipo de trastorno autoinmune de la tiroides, puede ser sensible a los efectos secundarios nocivos del yodo. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.\nLas mujeres necesitan más yodo cuando están embarazadas porque el bebé obtiene yodo de la dieta de la madre. Si está embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la cantidad de yodo que necesita.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0126","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hypothyroidism-underactive-thyroid","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hypothyroidism-underactive-thyroid","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E03","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A00.Z","display":"Hypothyroidism, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1722092627/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1722092627/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قصور الغدة الدرقية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Snížená funkce štítné žlázy (hypotyreóza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schilddrüsenunterfunktion (Hypothyreose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υποθυρεοειδισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypothyroïdie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाइपोथायरायडिज्म (थायरॉइड की कम सक्रियता)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pajzsmirigy-alulműködés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipotiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"甲状腺機能低下症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"갑상선기능저하증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedoczynność tarczycy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипотиреоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Znížená funkcia štítnej žľazy (hypotyreóza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipotiroidi (tiroid bezi az çalışması)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпотиреоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲状腺功能减退症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hypothyroidism","text":"What is hypothyroidism?\nHypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs.\nYour thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. Without enough thyroid hormones, many of your body's functions slow down. But there are treatments that can help.\nWhat causes hypothyroidism?\nHypothyroidism has several causes. They include:\n• Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks your thyroid. This is the most common cause.\n• Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid\n• Congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism that is present at birth\n• Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid\n• Radiation treatment of the thyroid\n• Certain medicines\n• In rare cases, a pituitary disease or too much or too little iodine in your diet\nWho is at risk for hypothyroidism?\nYou are at higher risk for hypothyroidism if you:\n• Are a woman\n• Are older than age 60\n• Have had a thyroid problem before, such as a goiter\n• Have had surgery to correct a thyroid problem\n• Have received radiation treatment to the thyroid, neck, or chest\n• Have a family history of thyroid disease\n• Were pregnant or had a baby in the past 6 months\n• Have Turner syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects females\n• Have pernicious anemia, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough vitamin B12\n• Have Sjogren's syndrome, a disease that causes dry eyes and mouth\n• Have type 1 diabetes\n• Have rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that affects the joints\n• Have lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease\nWhat are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?\nThe symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:\n• Fatigue\n• Weight gain\n• A puffy face\n• Trouble tolerating cold\n• Joint and muscle pain\n• Constipation\n• Dry skin\n• Dry, thinning hair\n• Decreased sweating\n• Heavy or irregular menstrual periods\n• Fertility problems in women\n• Depression\n• Slowed heart rate\n• Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.\nBecause hypothyroidism develops slowly, many people don't notice symptoms of the disease for months or even years.\nWhat other problems can hypothyroidism cause?\nHypothyroidism can contribute to high cholesterol. In rare cases, untreated hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma. This is a condition in which your body's functions slow down to the point that it becomes life-threatening.\nDuring pregnancy, hypothyroidism can cause complications, such as premature birth, high blood pressure in pregnancy, and miscarriage. It can also slow the baby's growth and development.\nHow is hypothyroidism diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Thyroid tests, such as\n• TSH, T3, T4, and thyroid antibody blood tests\n• Imaging tests, such as a thyroid scan, ultrasound, or radioactive iodine uptake test. A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.\nWhat are the treatments for hypothyroidism?\nThe treatment for hypothyroidism is medicine to replace the hormone that your own thyroid can no longer make. About 6 to 8 weeks after you start taking the medicine, you will get a blood test to check your thyroid hormone level. Your health care provider will adjust your dose if needed. Each time your dose is adjusted, you'll have another blood test. Once you find the right dose, you will probably get a blood test in 6 months. After that, you will need the test once a year.\nIf you take your medicine according to the instructions, you usually should be able to control the hypothyroidism. You should never stop taking your medicine without talking with your health care provider first.\nIf you have Hashimoto's disease or another type of autoimmune thyroid disorder, you may be sensitive to harmful side effects from iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.\nWomen need more iodine when they are pregnant because the baby gets iodine from the mother's diet. If you are pregnant, talk with your health care provider about how much iodine you need.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hipotiroidismo","text":"¿Qué es el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo, o tiroides hipoactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula tiroides no produce suficientes hormonas tiroideas para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo.\nSu tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Sin suficientes hormonas tiroideas, muchas de las funciones de su cuerpo se vuelven más lentas. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.\n¿Qué causa el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:\n• Enfermedad de Hashimoto: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides. Es la causa más común\n• Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides\n• Hipotiroidismo congénito: Hipotiroidismo presente al nacer\n• Extracción quirúrgica de parte o la totalidad de la tiroides\n• Tratamiento de radiación de la tiroides\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• En casos raros, una enfermedad de la glándula pituitaria o consumir demasiado o muy poco yodo en la dieta\n¿Quién está en riesgo de hipotiroidismo?\nUsted tiene mayor riesgo de hipotiroidismo si:\n• Es mujer\n• Es mayor de 60 años\n• Ha tenido un problema de tiroides anteriormente, como bocio\n• Ha tenido una cirugía para corregir un problema de tiroides\n• Ha recibido radioterapia en la tiroides, el cuello o el tórax\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides\n• Estuvo embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses\n• Tiene el síndrome de Turner, un trastorno genético que afecta a las mujeres\n• Tiene anemia perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente vitamina B12\n• Tiene el síndrome de Sjögren, enfermedad que causa sequedad en los ojos y la boca\n• Tiene diabetes tipo 1\n• Tiene artritis reumatoide, enfermedad autoinmune que afecta las articulaciones\n• Tiene lupus, enfermedad autoinmune crónica\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipotiroidismo?\nLos síntomas del hipotiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:\n• Fatiga\n• Aumento de peso\n• Rostro hinchado\n• Problemas para tolerar el frío\n• Dolor articular y muscular\n• Estreñimiento\n• Piel seca\n• Cabello seco y delgado\n• Disminución de la sudoración\n• Períodos menstruales intensos o irregulares\n• Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres\n• Depresión\n• Baja frecuencia cardíaca\n• Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar\nDebido a que el hipotiroidismo se desarrolla lentamente, muchas personas no notan síntomas de la enfermedad durante meses o incluso años.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo puede contribuir al colesterol alto. En casos raros, el hipotiroidismo no tratado puede causar coma mixedematoso. Esta es una condición en la que las funciones de su cuerpo se ralentizan hasta el punto de poner en peligro la vida.\nDurante el embarazo, el hipotiroidismo puede causar complicaciones como parto prematuro, presión arterial alta en el embarazo y pérdida del embarazo. También puede retrasar el crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipotiroidismo?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Pruebas de tiroides, como:\n• Prueba de TSH, T3, T4 y análisis de sangre de anticuerpos tiroideos\n• Pruebas de imagen como un examen de tiroides, ecografía o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipotiroidismo?\nEl hipotiroidismo se trata con un medicamento para reemplazar la hormona que su propia tiroides no puede producir. Entre 6 a 8 semanas después de comenzar a tomar el medicamento se le realizará un análisis de sangre para verificar el nivel de su hormona tiroidea. Su profesional de la salud ajustará su dosis si es necesario. Cada vez que se ajuste su dosis, se le realizará otro análisis de sangre. Una vez que encuentre la dosis correcta, es probable que en 6 meses se someta a otro análisis de sangre. Después de eso, necesitará la prueba una vez al año.\nSi toma su medicamento de acuerdo con las instrucciones, debería poder controlar el hipotiroidismo. Nunca debe dejar de tomar su medicamento sin hablar primero con su profesional de la salud.\nSi tiene la enfermedad de Hashimoto u otro tipo de trastorno autoinmune de la tiroides, puede ser sensible a los efectos secundarios nocivos del yodo. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.\nLas mujeres necesitan más yodo cuando están embarazadas porque el bebé obtiene yodo de la dieta de la madre. Si está embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la cantidad de yodo que necesita.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0127","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hyperthyroidism","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hyperthyroidism","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E05","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A02.Z","display":"Thyrotoxicosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1470387017/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1470387017/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hyperthyroidism","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipertiroidismo","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipertiroidism (tireotoxicoză)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط نشاط الغدة الدرقية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zvýšená funkce štítné žlázy (hypertyreóza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schilddrüsenüberfunktion (Hyperthyreose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερθυρεοειδισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hyperthyroïdie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाइपरथायरायडिज्म (थायरॉइड की अधिक सक्रियता)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pajzsmirigy-túlműködés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipertiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"甲状腺機能亢進症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"갑상선기능항진증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadczynność tarczycy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipertiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипертиреоз (тиреотоксикоз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zvýšená funkcia štítnej žľazy (hypertyreóza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipertiroidi (tiroid bezi aşırı çalışması)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпертиреоз (тиреотоксикоз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲状腺功能亢进症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Overactive thyroid"},{"lang":"en","text":"Thyrotoxicosis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hyperthyroidism","text":"What is hyperthyroidism?\nHyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs.\nYour thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help.\nWhat causes hyperthyroidism?\nHyperthyroidism has several causes. They include:\n• Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder in which your immune system attacks your thyroid and causes it to make too much hormone. This is the most common cause.\n• Thyroid nodules, which are growths on your thyroid. They are usually benign (not cancer). But they may become overactive and make too much thyroid hormone. Thyroid nodules are more common in older adults.\n• Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid. It causes stored thyroid hormone to leak out of your thyroid gland.\n• Too much iodine. Iodine is found in some medicines, cough syrups, seaweed and seaweed-based supplements. Taking too much of them can cause your thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone.\n• Too much thyroid medicine. This can happen if people who take thyroid hormone medicine for hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) take too much of it.\nWho is at risk for hyperthyroidism?\nYou are at higher risk for hyperthyroidism if you:\n• Are a woman\n• Are older than age 60\n• Have been pregnant or had a baby within the past 6 months\n• Have had thyroid surgery or a thyroid problem, such as goiter\n• Have a family history of thyroid disease\n• Have pernicious anemia, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough vitamin B12\n• Have type 1 diabetes or primary adrenal insufficiency, a hormonal disorder\n• Get too much iodine, from eating large amounts of foods containing iodine or using iodine-containing medicines or supplements\nWhat are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?\nThe symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:\n• Nervousness or irritability\n• Fatigue\n• Muscle weakness\n• Trouble tolerating heat\n• Trouble sleeping\n• Tremor, usually in your hands\n• Rapid and irregular heartbeat\n• Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea\n• Weight loss\n• Mood swings\n• Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.\nAdults over age 60 may have different symptoms than younger adults. For example, they may lose their appetite or withdraw from other people. Sometimes this can be mistaken for depression or dementia.\nWhat other problems can hyperthyroidism cause?\nIf hyperthyroidism isn't treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including:\n• An irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart problems\n• An eye disease called Graves' ophthalmopathy. It can cause double vision, light sensitivity, and eye pain. In rare cases, it can lead to vision loss.\n• Thinning bones and osteoporosis\n• Fertility problems in women\n• Complications in pregnancy, such as premature birth, low birth weight, high blood pressure in pregnancy, and miscarriage\nHow is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, including asking about symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Thyroid tests, such as\n• TSH, T3, T4, and thyroid antibody blood tests\n• Imaging tests, such as a thyroid scan, ultrasound, or radioactive iodine uptake test. A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.\nWhat are the treatments for hyperthyroidism?\nThe treatments for hyperthyroidism include medicines, radioiodine therapy, and thyroid surgery:\n• Medicines for hyperthyroidism include\n• Antithyroid medicines, which cause your thyroid to make less thyroid hormone. You probably need to take the medicines for 1 to 2 years. In some cases, you might need to take the medicines for several years. This is the simplest treatment, but it is often not a permanent cure.\n• Beta blocker medicines, which can reduce symptoms such as tremors, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness. They work quickly and can help you feel better until other treatments take effect.\n• Radioiodine therapy is a common and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism. It involves taking radioactive iodine by mouth as a capsule or liquid. This slowly destroys the cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. It does not affect other body tissues. Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.\n• Surgery to remove part or most of the thyroid gland is done in rare cases. It might be an option for people with large goiters or pregnant women who cannot take antithyroid medicines. If you have all of your thyroid removed, you will need to take thyroid medicines for the rest of your life. Some people who have part of their thyroid removed also need to take medicines.\nIf you have hyperthyroidism, it's important not to get too much iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hipertiroidismo","text":"¿Qué es el hipertiroidismo?\nEl hipertiroidismo, o tiroides hiperactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula tiroides produce más hormonas tiroideas de las que su cuerpo necesita.\nSu tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Si no se trata, el hipertiroidismo puede causar serios problemas del corazón, huesos, músculos, ciclo menstrual y fertilidad. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.\n¿Qué causa el hipertiroidismo?\nEl hipertiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:\n• Enfermedad de Graves: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides y hace que produzca demasiada hormona. Es la causa más común\n• Nódulos tiroideos: Crecimientos en la tiroides. Suelen ser benignos (no cancerosos), pero pueden volverse hiperactivos y producir demasiada hormona tiroidea. Los nódulos tiroideos son más comunes en adultos mayores\n• Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides. Hace que la hormona tiroidea almacenada se filtre fuera de la glándula tiroides\n• Demasiado yodo: El yodo se encuentra en algunos medicamentos, jarabes para la tos, algas y suplementos a base de algas. Tomar demasiado puede causar que su tiroides produzca demasiada hormona\n• Demasiada medicina para la tiroides: Esto puede ocurrir si las personas que toman medicamentos para el hipotiroidismo (tiroides hipoactiva) toman demasiado\n¿Quién está en riesgo de hipertiroidismo?\nUsted tiene un mayor riesgo de hipertiroidismo si:\n• Es mujer\n• Es mayor de 60 años\n• Ha estado embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses\n• Ha tenido cirugía de tiroides o un problema de tiroides, como bocio\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides\n• Tiene anemia perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente vitamina B12\n• Tiene diabetes tipo 1 o insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, un trastorno hormonal\n• Consume demasiado yodo al comer grandes cantidades de alimentos o al usar medicamentos o suplementos que contienen yodo\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipertiroidismo?\nLos síntomas del hipertiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:\n• Nerviosismo o irritabilidad\n• Fatiga\n• Debilidad muscular\n• Problemas para tolerar el calor\n• Problemas para dormir\n• Temblor, generalmente en las manos\n• Latidos cardíacos irregulares o rápidos\n• Deposiciones frecuentes o diarrea\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Cambios de humor\n• Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar\nLos adultos mayores de 60 años pueden tener síntomas diferentes que los adultos más jóvenes. Por ejemplo, pueden perder el apetito o aislarse de otras personas. En ocasiones, esto puede confundirse con depresión o demencia.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipertiroidismo?\nSi el hipertiroidismo no se trata, puede causar algunos problemas de salud graves, incluyendo:\n• Latido cardíaco irregular que puede provocar coágulos de sangre, accidente cerebrovascular, insuficiencia cardíaca y otros problemas cardíacos\n• Oftalmopatía de Graves: Una enfermedad del ojo que puede causar visión doble, sensibilidad a la luz y dolor ocular. En casos raros, puede llevar a una pérdida de la visión\n• Adelgazamiento de los huesos y osteoporosis\n• Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres\n• Complicaciones en el embarazo como parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer, presión arterial alta en el embarazo y pérdida del embarazo\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipertiroidismo?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Pruebas para la tiroides, como:\n• Prueba de TSH, T3, T4 y análisis de sangre de anticuerpos tiroideos\n• Pruebas de imagen, como un examen de tiroides, ecografía o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipertiroidismo?\nLos tratamientos para el hipertiroidismo incluyen medicamentos, terapia con yodo radiactivo y cirugía de tiroides:\n• Los medicamentos para el hipertiroidismo incluyen:\n• Medicamentos antitiroideos: Hacen que su tiroides produzca menos hormona tiroidea. Es probable que necesite tomar los medicamentos durante 1 a 2 años. En algunos casos, es posible que deba tomarlos durante varios años. Este es el tratamiento más simple, pero a menudo no es una cura permanente\n• Medicamentos betabloqueantes: Pueden reducir síntomas como temblores, latidos cardíacos rápidos y nerviosismo. Funcionan rápidamente y pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor hasta que otros tratamientos surtan efecto\n• Terapia con yodo radioactivo: Tratamiento común y efectivo para el hipertiroidismo. Implica tomar yodo radioactivo por vía oral como una cápsula o líquido. Esto destruye lentamente las células de la glándula tiroides que producen la hormona tiroidea. No afecta a otros tejidos del cuerpo. Casi todas las personas que reciben tratamiento con yodo radiactivo desarrollan más tarde hipotiroidismo. Esto se debe a que las células productoras de hormona tiroidea han sido destruidas. Pero el hipotiroidismo es más fácil de tratar y causa menos problemas de salud a largo plazo que el hipertiroidismo\n• Cirugía para extirpar parte o la mayoría de la glándula tiroides: Se realiza en casos raros. Puede ser opción para personas con bocios grandes o mujeres embarazadas que no pueden tomar medicamentos antitiroideos. Si le extirpan toda la tiroides, deberá tomar medicamentos para la tiroides de por vida. Algunas personas a las que se les extirpa parte de la tiroides también deben tomar medicamentos\nSi tiene hipertiroidismo, es importante no consumir demasiado yodo. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0128","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"type-1-diabetes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/type-1-diabetes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A10","display":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1651053999","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1651053999"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Type 1 diabetes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Diabet zaharat de tip 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء السكري من النوع الأول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes 1. typu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Typ-1-Diabetes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαβήτης τύπου 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes tipo 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Diabète de type 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टाइप 1 मधुमेह","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"1-es típusú cukorbetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Diabete di tipo 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"1型糖尿病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"제1형 당뇨병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cukrzyca typu 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes tipo 1","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сахарный диабет 1 типа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes 1. typu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tip 1 diyabet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цукровий діабет 1 типу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"1型糖尿病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Diabetes Type 1","text":"What is type 1 diabetes?\nDiabetes means your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. With type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone from your pancreas that helps glucose move from your body into your cells, where it is used for energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood.\nOver time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums, and teeth.\nIf your blood glucose gets very high, you can develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). It happens when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow glucose into your cells. Instead, your liver breaks down fat for energy, which produces ketones. When ketones build up too quickly, they can reach dangerous levels. DKA is a life-threatening emergency.\nWhat causes type 1 diabetes?\nType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. Your immune system mistakenly attacks the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Researchers don't yet know exactly why this happens. Genes and environmental factors may play a role in triggering the disease.\nWho is more likely to develop type 1 diabetes?\nType 1 diabetes often begins in children and young adults, but it can appear at any age. Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes may increase your chance of developing it.\nWhat are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?\nSymptoms often start quickly, especially in children. In adults, they may develop more slowly. Symptoms may include:\n• Feeling very thirsty\n• Feeling very hungry\n• Urinating (peeing) more often, including at night\n• Having fatigue\n• Having blurry vision\n• Losing feeling in your feet, or having tingling in your feet or hands\n• Having sores that don't heal\n• Losing weight without trying\nHow is type 1 diabetes diagnosed?\nBlood tests that measure your blood glucose level can show whether it is higher than normal for you.\nWhat are the treatments for type 1 diabetes?\nType 1 diabetes is a chronic (long-term) condition. You will need daily insulin, either through injections or an insulin pump. Some people also take another diabetes medicine that works with insulin.\nAsk your health care provider about the best way to check your blood glucose level and how often you should check it.\nCan type 1 diabetes be prevented?\nType 1 diabetes can't be prevented. But you may be able to prevent or delay health problems related to diabetes by:\n• Managing your blood glucose level with finger prick tests or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)\n• Making healthy food choices\n• Getting regular exercise\nA blood test called the A1C can show how well you are managing your diabetes over time.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Diabetes tipo 1","text":"¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 1?\nLa diabetes significa que los niveles de glucosa (azúcar) en la sangre están demasiado altos. En la diabetes tipo 1, el cuerpo produce poca o ninguna insulina. La insulina es una hormona producida por el páncreas que ayuda a que la glucosa pase del cuerpo a las células, donde se utiliza como fuente de energía. El cuerpo puede producir glucosa, pero también la obtiene de los alimentos que consume. Sin la insulina, se acumula demasiada glucosa en la sangre.\nCon el tiempo, los altos niveles de glucosa en la sangre pueden provocar problemas graves en el corazón, los ojos, los riñones, los nervios, las encías y los dientes.\nSi los niveles de glucosa en la sangre aumentan demasiado, puede presentar cetoacidosis diabética (CAD). Esto ocurre cuando el cuerpo no tiene suficiente insulina para permitir que la glucosa entre en las células. Para compensar esto, el hígado descompone la grasa para obtener energía, lo que produce cetonas. Cuando las cetonas se acumulan demasiado rápido, a veces alcanzan niveles peligrosos. La CAD es una emergencia potencialmente mortal.\n¿Qué causa la diabetes tipo 1?\nLa diabetes tipo 1 es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria. El sistema inmunitario ataca por error las células del páncreas que producen insulina. Los investigadores aún no saben con exactitud por qué sucede esto. Los genes y los factores ambientales pueden influir en la aparición de la enfermedad.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar diabetes tipo 1?\nLa diabetes tipo 1 suele comenzar en niños y adultos jóvenes, pero puede aparecer a cualquier edad. Tener un padre o un hermano con diabetes tipo 1 aumenta las probabilidades de desarrollar.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 1?\nLos síntomas suelen aparecer con rapidez, especialmente en los niños. En los adultos, pueden presentarse de manera más lenta. Entre ellos se encuentran:\n• Sentir mucha sed\n• Sentir mucha hambre\n• Orinar con más frecuencia, incluso por la noche\n• Sentir fatiga\n• Tener visión borrosa\n• Perder sensibilidad en los pies o sentir hormigueo en los pies o las manos\n• Tener llagas que no cicatrizan\n• Perder peso sin intentarlo\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes tipo 1?\nLas pruebas de sangre que miden el nivel de glucosa en la sangre pueden indicar si su nivel de glucosa es más alto de lo normal.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes tipo 1?\nLa diabetes tipo 1 es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración). Usted necesitará insulina a diario, ya sea mediante inyecciones o una bomba de insulina. Algunas personas también toman otro medicamento para la diabetes que actúa junto con la insulina.\nConsulte con su proveedor de atención médica sobre la mejor manera de controlar su nivel de glucosa en la sangre y con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo.\n¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes tipo 1?\nLa diabetes tipo 1 no se puede prevenir. Sin embargo, usted podría prevenir o retrasar los problemas de salud relacionados con la diabetes al:\n• Controlar los niveles de glucosa en la sangre mediante pruebas de punción en el dedo o un monitor continuo de glucosa (MCG)\n• Elegir alimentos saludables\n• Hacer ejercicio con regularidad\nUna prueba de sangre llamada prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) puede mostrar qué tan bien está controlando su diabetes a lo largo del tiempo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0330","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0129","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"type-2-diabetes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/type-2-diabetes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E11","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A11","display":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/119724091","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#119724091"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Type 2 diabetes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Diabet zaharat de tip 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء السكري من النوع الثاني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes 2. typu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Typ-2-Diabetes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαβήτης τύπου 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes tipo 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Diabète de type 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टाइप 2 मधुमेह","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"2-es típusú cukorbetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Diabete di tipo 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"2型糖尿病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"제2형 당뇨병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cukrzyca typu 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes tipo 2","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сахарный диабет 2 типа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Diabetes 2. typu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tip 2 diyabet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цукровий діабет 2 типу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"2型糖尿病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Diabetes Type 2","text":"What is type 2 diabetes?\nType 2 diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your main source of energy. It comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use insulin well. The glucose then stays in your blood and not enough goes into your cells.\nOver time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.\nWhat causes type 2 diabetes?\nType 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of factors:\n• Being overweight or having obesity\n• Not being physically active\n• Genetics and family history\nType 2 diabetes usually starts with insulin resistance. This is a condition in which your cells don't respond normally to insulin. As a result, your body needs more insulin to help the glucose enter your cells. At first, your body makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond. But over time, your body can't make enough insulin, and your blood glucose levels rise.\nWho is at risk for type 2 diabetes?\nYou are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if you:\n• Are over age 45. Children, teenagers, and younger adults can get type 2 diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older people.\n• Have prediabetes, which means that your blood glucose is high for you but not high enough to be called diabetes\n• Had diabetes in pregnancy or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.\n• Have a family history of diabetes\n• Are overweight or have obesity\n• Are Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander\n• Are not physically active\n• Have other conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or depression\n• Have low HDL (good) cholesterol and high triglycerides\n• Have acanthosis nigricans - dark, thick, and velvety skin around your neck or armpits\nWhat are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?\nMany people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at all. If you do have them, the symptoms develop slowly over several years. They might be so mild that you do not notice them. The symptoms can include:\n• Increased thirst and urination\n• Increased hunger\n• Feeling tired\n• Blurred vision\n• Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands\n• Sores that do not heal\n• Unexplained weight loss\nHow is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?\nYour provider will use blood tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The blood tests include:\n• A1C test, which measures your average blood glucose level over the past 3 months.\n• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, which measures your current blood glucose level. You need to fast (not eat or drink anything except water) for at least 8 hours before the test.\n• Random plasma glucose (RPG) test, which measures your current blood glucose level. This test is used when you have diabetes symptoms and the provider does not want to wait for you to fast before having the test.\nWhat are the treatments for type 2 diabetes?\nTreatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels. Many people are able to do this by living a healthy lifestyle. Some people may also need to take medicine:\n• A healthy lifestyle includes following a healthy eating plan and getting regular physical activity. You need to learn how to balance what you eat and drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine, if you take any.\n• Medicines for diabetes include oral medicines, insulin, and other injectable medicines. Over time, some people will need to take more than one type of medicine to control their diabetes.\n• You will need to check your blood glucose regularly. Your provider will tell you how often you need to do it.\n• It's also important to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels close to the targets your provider sets for you. Make sure to get your screening tests regularly.\nCan type 2 diabetes be prevented?\nYou can take steps to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. If you have a condition which raises your risk for type 2 diabetes, managing that condition may lower your risk of getting type 2 diabetes.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Diabetes tipo 2","text":"¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2?\nLa diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de glucosa o azúcar en la sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa es su principal fuente de energía. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para brindarles energía. Si tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina o no la usa bien. Luego, la glucosa permanece en la sangre y no ingresa lo suficiente a las células.\nCon el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar problemas de salud. Sin embargo, se pueden tomar medidas para controlar la diabetes y tratar de prevenir estos problemas de salud.\n¿Qué causa la diabetes tipo 2?\nLa diabetes tipo 2 puede deberse a una combinación de factores:\n• Tener sobrepeso u obesidad\n• No hacer actividad física\n• Genética e historia familiar\nEn general, la diabetes tipo 2 comienza con resistencia a la insulina. Esta es una afección en la que sus células no responden normalmente a la insulina. Como resultado, su cuerpo necesita más insulina para ayudar a que la glucosa ingrese a las células. Al principio, su cuerpo produce más insulina para tratar de que las células respondan. Pero con el tiempo, su cuerpo no puede producir suficiente insulina y sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre aumentan.\n¿Quiénes tienen riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2?\nSu riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 es más alto si:\n• Es mayor de 45 años: Los niños, adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes tipo 2, pero es más común en personas de mediana edad y mayores\n• Tiene prediabetes: Esto significa que su nivel de glucosa en sangre es alto para usted, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para que sea diabetes\n• Tuvo diabetes durante el embarazo o dio a luz a un bebé que pesaba 9 libras o más\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes\n• Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad\n• Es afroamericano, hispano o latino, indio americano, asiático americano o de las islas del Pacífico\n• No hace ejercicio\n• Tiene otras afecciones, como presión arterial alta, enfermedad cardíaca, accidente cerebrovascular, síndrome de ovario poliquístico o depresión\n• Tiene colesterol bueno (HDL) bajo y triglicéridos altos\n• Tiene acantosis nigricans: Piel oscura, gruesa y aterciopelada alrededor del cuello o las axilas\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 2?\nMuchas personas con diabetes tipo 2 no presentan ningún síntoma. Si los tiene, los síntomas se desarrollan lentamente durante varios años. Pueden ser tan leves que no los note. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Aumento de la sed y la micción\n• Aumento del hambre\n• Sensación de cansancio\n• Visión borrosa\n• Entumecimiento u hormigueo en los pies o las manos\n• Llagas que no cicatrizan\n• Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes tipo 2?\nSu profesional de la salud realiza pruebas de sangre para diagnosticar la diabetes tipo 2. Los análisis de sangre incluyen:\n• Prueba de A1c: Mide su nivel promedio de glucosa en sangre durante los últimos 3 meses\n• Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas: Mide su nivel actual de glucosa en sangre. Debe ayunar (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba\n• Prueba aleatoria de glucosa en plasma: Mide su nivel actual de glucosa en sangre. Se usa cuando usted tiene síntomas de diabetes y el profesional de la salud no quiere esperar a que ayune antes de realizarse la prueba\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes tipo 2?\nEl tratamiento para la diabetes tipo 2 implica controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Muchas personas pueden lograrlo con un estilo de vida saludable. Es posible que algunas personas también necesiten tomar medicamentos.:\n• Un estilo de vida saludable incluye seguir un plan de alimentación saludable y realizar actividad física con regularidad. Debe aprender a equilibrar lo que come y bebe con la actividad física y los medicamentos para la diabetes, si los toma\n• Los medicamentos para la diabetes incluyen medicinas orales, insulina y otros medicamentos inyectables. Con el tiempo, algunas personas necesitarán tomar más de un tipo de fármaco para controlar su diabetes\n• Deberá controlar su nivel de glucosa en la sangre con regularidad. Su proveedor le dirá con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo\n• También es importante mantener la presión arterial y sus niveles de colesterol en el rango establecido por su médico para usted. Asegúrese de hacerse las pruebas de detección con regularidad\n¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes tipo 2?\nPuede tomar medidas para ayudar a prevenir o retrasar la diabetes tipo 2 al bajar de peso si tiene sobrepeso, consumir menos calorías y hacer más actividad física. Si tiene una afección que aumenta su riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, controlar esa afección puede reducir su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0011","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0047","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0071","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0100","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0120","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0134","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0177","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0205","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0264","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0280","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0306","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0310","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0314","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0339","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0366","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0130","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-specified-diabetes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-specified-diabetes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E13","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A13.Y","display":"Diabetes mellitus due to other specified cause","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/381961554/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#381961554/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other specified diabetes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte forme specificate de diabet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أنواع أخرى محددة من السكري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné určené formy diabetu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere näher bezeichnete Diabetesformen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες καθορισμένες μορφές διαβήτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros tipos de diabetes especificados","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres diabètes précisés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य निर्दिष्ट प्रकार का मधुमेह","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb meghatározott cukorbetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre forme di diabete specificate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の特定の糖尿病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 명시된 당뇨병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne określone postacie cukrzycy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros tipos de diabetes especificados","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие уточнённые формы диабета","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné určené formy diabetu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer belirtilmiş diyabet türleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші уточнені форми діабету","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他特指糖尿病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Diabetes","text":"What is diabetes?\nDiabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a hormone made by your pancreas. Insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy.\nIf you have diabetes, your body can't make insulin, can't use insulin as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. This can cause glucose levels to get too high. Over time, high blood glucose levels can lead to serious health conditions. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.\nWhat are the types of diabetes?\nThere are different types of diabetes:\n• Type 1 diabetes. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. It happens when your immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin.\n• Type 2 diabetes. This is the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body may still be able to make insulin, but your cells don't respond well to insulin. They can't easily take up enough glucose from your blood.\n• Gestational diabetes. This is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy.\nWhat causes diabetes?\nThe different types of diabetes have different causes:\n• Researchers think type 1 diabetes is caused by genes and factors in the environment that might trigger the disease.\n• Type 2 diabetes is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and genes. The lifestyle factors include not being physically active and being overweight or having obesity.\n• Researchers think gestational diabetes is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy along with genetic and lifestyle factors.\nWho is more likely to develop diabetes?\nThe different types of diabetes have different risk factors:\n• You can develop type 1 diabetes at any age, but it most often starts in childhood. Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes may increase your chance of developing it.\n• You are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if you:\n• Are overweight or have obesity.\n• Are over age 35. Children, teenagers, and younger adults can get diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older adults.\n• Have a family history of diabetes.\n• Have prediabetes. This means that your blood glucose is higher than normal, but it's not high enough to be called diabetes.\n• Had gestational diabetes.\n• Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.\n• Are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, or Pacific Islander.\n• Are not physically active.\n• Have certain other health conditions, such as high blood pressure or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\n• You are at higher risk of developing gestational diabetes if you:\n• Are overweight or have obesity.\n• Have a family history of diabetes.\n• Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.\n• Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.\n• Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\n• Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.\nWhat are the symptoms of diabetes?\nThe symptoms of diabetes may include:\n• Feeling very thirsty\n• Feeling very hungry\n• Urinating (peeing) more often, including at night\n• Fatigue\n• Blurry vision\n• Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands\n• Sores that do not heal\n• Losing weight without trying\nBut it's important to know that your symptoms may vary, depending on which type you have:\n• The symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually come on quickly and can be severe.\n• With type 2 diabetes, the symptoms often develop slowly, over several years. The symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them.\n• Gestational diabetes often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild. If you are pregnant, you will usually be screened for this condition between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.\nHow is diabetes diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have diabetes, your health care provider will use one or more glucose blood tests. There are several types, including the A1C test.\nWhat are the treatments for diabetes?\nTreatment for diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels:\n• If you have type 1 diabetes, you will need to take daily doses of insulin, either by injection or through a special pump. Some people also need to take another type of diabetes medicine that works with insulin.\n• If you have type 2 diabetes, you may be able to manage or even reverse it by making lifestyle changes. These include eating a healthy diet, staying at healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity. Some people also need to take diabetes medicines to manage their diabetes.\n• If you have gestational diabetes, you may be able to lower your glucose levels by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. But be sure to talk to your provider about your treatment options. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you give birth. But you will have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.\nChecking your blood glucose levels is also an important part of managing your diabetes. Ask your provider about the best way to check your blood glucose level and how often you should check it.\nCan diabetes be prevented?\nType 1 diabetes can't be prevented.\nYou may be able to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes through the same lifestyle changes that are used to manage diabetes (eating a healthy diet, staying at a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity). These lifestyle changes may also help prevent gestational diabetes.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Diabetes","text":"¿Qué es la diabetes?\nLa diabetes, también conocida como diabetes mellitus, es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de glucosa (o azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa es la principal fuente de energía del cuerpo. Su cuerpo puede producir glucosa, pero también proviene de los alimentos que consume. La insulina es una hormona producida por el páncreas que ayuda a trasladar la glucosa del torrente sanguíneo a las células, donde se puede usar como energía.\nSi tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no puede producir insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como debería, o ambas cosas. El exceso de glucosa permanece en la sangre y no llega a las células. Esto puede hacer que los niveles de glucosa suban demasiado. Con el tiempo, niveles altos de glucosa en sangre pueden provocar problemas de salud graves. Sin embargo, puede tomar medidas para controlar la diabetes e intentar prevenir estas afecciones médicas.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de diabetes?\nExisten diferentes tipos de diabetes:\n• Diabetes tipo 1: Si tiene diabetes tipo 1, su cuerpo produce poca o nada de insulina. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca y destruye las células que producen insulina\n• Diabetes tipo 2: Es la forma más común de diabetes. Si tiene diabetes tipo 2, su cuerpo puede seguir produciendo insulina, pero sus células no responden bien a ella y no pueden absorber fácilmente suficiente glucosa de la sangre\n• Diabetes gestacional: Es un tipo de diabetes que se desarrolla durante el embarazo. Se produce cuando el cuerpo no puede producir la insulina adicional necesaria durante la gestación\n¿Qué causa la diabetes?\nLos diferentes tipos de diabetes tienen diversas causas:\n• Los investigadores piensan que la diabetes tipo 1 es causada por genes y factores ambientales que pueden desencadenar la enfermedad\n• La diabetes tipo 2 es causada por varios factores, incluyendo el estilo de vida y los genes. Los factores relacionados con el estilo de vida incluyen la falta de actividad física y el sobrepeso o la obesidad\n• Los investigadores piensan que la diabetes gestacional es causada por los cambios hormonales del embarazo junto con factores genéticos y del estilo de vida\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener diabetes?\nLos diferentes tipos de diabetes tienen diversos factores de riesgo:\n• Usted puede desarrollar diabetes tipo 1 a cualquier edad, pero suele comenzar en la infancia. Tener un padre o hermano con diabetes tipo 1 puede aumentar sus probabilidades de desarrollarla\n• Tiene un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 si:\n• Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad\n• Es mayor de 35 años. Los niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes, pero es más común en adultos de mediana edad y mayores\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes\n• Tiene prediabetes, es decir, su nivel de glucosa en sangre es más alto de lo normal, pero no es lo suficientemente alto como para ser diabetes\n• Tuvo diabetes gestacional\n• Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesó 9 libras o más (4.08 kg)\n• Es afrodescendiente, indio americano, asiático americano, hispano/latino o de las islas del Pacifico\n• No se mantiene físicamente activo\n• Tiene otras afecciones de salud, como presión arterial alta o síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP)\n• Tiene mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes gestacional si:\n• Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes\n• Tuvo diabetes gestacional en un embarazo anterior\n• Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesó 9 libras o más (4.08 kg)\n• Tiene síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP)\n• Es afrodescendiente, hispana/latina, indígena estadounidense, nativa de Alaska, nativa de Hawái o de las islas del Pacífico\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes?\nLos síntomas de la diabetes pueden incluir:\n• Tener mucha sed\n• Tener mucha hambre\n• Orinar con más frecuencia, incluso de noche\n• Fatiga\n• Visión borrosa\n• Entumecimiento u hormigueo en pies o manos\n• Llagas que no sanan\n• Pérdida de peso sin intentarlo\nSin embargo, es importante saber que los síntomas pueden variar, según el tipo de diabetes que tenga:\n• Los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 1 suelen aparecer de forma acelerada y pueden ser graves\n• Con la diabetes tipo 2, los síntomas suelen desarrollarse de forma lenta a lo largo de varios años. Los síntomas pueden ser tan leves que es posible que ni siquiera los note\n• A menudo, la diabetes gestacional no presenta síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden ser leves. Si está embarazada, se le realizarán pruebas de detección de esta afección entre las semanas 24 y 28 del embarazo\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes?\nPara saber si tiene diabetes, su profesional de la salud usará uno o más pruebas de glucosa en sangre. Existen varios tipos, incluida la prueba de A1C.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes?\nEl tratamiento para la diabetes implica controlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre:\n• Si tiene diabetes tipo 1, necesitará dosis diarias de insulina, ya sea por inyección o a través de una bomba especial. Algunas personas también necesitan tomar otro tipo de medicamento para la diabetes que funciona con insulina\n• Si tiene diabetes tipo 2, es posible que pueda controlarla o incluso revertirla haciendo cambios en su estilo de vida. Estos incluyen llevar una dieta saludable, mantener un peso saludable y hacer actividad física con regularidad. Algunas personas también necesitan tomar medicamentos para la diabetes para controlarla\n• Si tiene diabetes gestacional, es posible que pueda bajar sus niveles de glucosa con una dieta saludable y haciendo ejercicio con regularidad. Pero asegúrese de hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre sus opciones de tratamiento. En general, la diabetes gestacional desaparece después del parto, pero tendrá un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en el futuro\nControlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre también es una parte importante del manejo de la diabetes. Consulte a su profesional de la salud cuál es la mejor manera de controlar el nivel de glucosa en sangre y con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo.\n¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes?\nLa diabetes tipo 1 no se puede prevenir.\nEs posible retrasar o prevenir la diabetes tipo 2 con los mismos cambios en el estilo de vida necesarios para controlar la diabetes (dieta saludable, mantener un peso saludable y hacer ejercicio de forma regular). Estos cambios en el estilo de vida también pueden ayudar a prevenir la diabetes gestacional.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0131","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hypoglycaemic-coma-not-due-to-diabetes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hypoglycaemic-coma-not-due-to-diabetes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E15","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hypoglycaemic coma (not due to diabetes)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Comă hipoglicemică nediabetică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"غيبوبة نقص السكر غير السكرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nediabetické hypoglykemické kóma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hypoglykämisches Koma ohne Diabetes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μη διαβητικό υπογλυκαιμικό κώμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Coma hipoglucémico no diabético","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Coma hypoglycémique non diabétique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गैर-मधुमेह हाइपोग्लाइसेमिक कोमा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nem diabéteszes hipoglikémiás kóma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Coma ipoglicemico non diabetico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"非糖尿病性低血糖性昏睡","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비당뇨병성 저혈당 혼수","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Śpiączka hipoglikemiczna niecukrzycowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Coma hipoglicémico não diabético","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипогликемическая кома недиабетическая","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nediabetická hypoglykemická kóma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diyabet dışı hipoglisemik koma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпоглікемічна кома недіабетична","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"非糖尿病性低血糖昏迷","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Coma","text":"A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness. An individual in a coma is alive but unable to move or respond to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of injuries, such as brain injury.\nA coma rarely lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks. The outcome for coma depends on the cause, severity, and site of the damage. People may come out of a coma with physical, intellectual, and psychological problems. Some people may remain in a coma for years or even decades. For those people, the most common cause of death is infection, such as pneumonia.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Coma","text":"El coma es un estado profundo de inconsciencia. Una persona en coma está viva pero incapaz de moverse o responder a su entorno. El estado de coma se puede presentar como una complicación de una enfermedad subyacente o como resultado de lesiones, tales como traumatismo del cráneo.\nEl estado de coma rara vez dura más de 2 a 4 semanas. El resultado depende de la causa, la severidad y sitio de la lesión. La gente puede salir de un coma con problemas físicos, intelectuales y psicológicos. Algunas personas pueden permanecer en coma durante años o incluso décadas. Para esa gente, la causa de muerte más común es una infección, como una neumonía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0132","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"low-blood-sugar-and-other-pancreatic-hormone-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/low-blood-sugar-and-other-pancreatic-hormone-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E16","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Low blood sugar and other pancreatic hormone disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipoglicemie și alte tulburări ale secreției pancreatice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نقص سكر الدم واضطرابات أخرى في الإفراز الداخلي للبنكرياس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hypoglykémie a jiné poruchy vnitřní sekrece slinivky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Unterzuckerung und andere Störungen der inneren Sekretion des Pankreas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπογλυκαιμία και άλλες διαταραχές της ενδοκρινούς έκκρισης του παγκρέατος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipoglucemia y otros trastornos de la secreción pancreática","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypoglycémie et autres troubles de la sécrétion pancréatique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कम रक्त शर्करा और अग्न्याशय के अन्य हार्मोन विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alacsony vércukorszint és a hasnyálmirigy egyéb belső elválasztási zavarai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipoglicemia e altri disturbi della secrezione pancreatica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"低血糖症その他の膵内分泌障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"저혈당증 및 기타 췌장 내분비 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hipoglikemia i inne zaburzenia wydzielania wewnętrznego trzustki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipoglicemia e outros distúrbios da secreção pancreática","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипогликемия и другие нарушения внутренней секреции поджелудочной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hypoglykémia a iné poruchy vnútornej sekrécie podžalúdkovej žľazy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Düşük kan şekeri ve diğer pankreas iç salgı bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпоглікемія та інші порушення внутрішньої секреції підшлункової залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"低血糖及其他胰腺内分泌紊乱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pancreatic Diseases","text":"The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control blood sugar levels. Problems with the pancreas can lead to many health problems. These include:\n• Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas: This happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself\n• Pancreatic cancer\n• Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in your pancreas\nThe pancreas also plays a role in diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked them. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del páncreas","text":"El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Los problemas en el páncreas pueden conducir a muchos problemas de salud. Entre ellos:\n• Pancreatitis o inflamación del páncreas: esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir al mismo páncreas\n• Cáncer de páncreas\n• Fibrosis quística, un trastorno genético en el que una secreción mucosa espesa y pegajosa pueden obstruir los conductos pancreáticos\nEl páncreas también tiene un papel en la diabetes. En la diabetes tipo I, las células beta del páncreas no producen insulina debido a una reacción del sistema inmunitario del cuerpo contra ellas. En la diabetes tipo 2, el páncreas pierde la capacidad de segregar suficiente insulina en respuesta a las comidas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0133","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hypoparathyroidism-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hypoparathyroidism-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E20","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A50.Z","display":"Hypoparathyroidism, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1708733050/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1708733050/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipoparatiroidism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قصور الدريقات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hypoparatyreóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Unterfunktion der Nebenschilddrüsen (Hypoparathyreoidismus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υποπαραθυρεοειδισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipoparatiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypoparathyroïdie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाइपोपैराथायरायडिज्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mellékpajzsmirigy-alulműködés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipoparatiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"副甲状腺機能低下症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부갑상선기능저하증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedoczynność przytarczyc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipoparatiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипопаратиреоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hypoparatyreóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipoparatiroidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпопаратиреоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲状旁腺功能减退症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hypoparathyroidism","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Parathyroid Disorders","text":"Most people have four pea-sized glands, called parathyroid glands, on the thyroid gland in the neck. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are completely different. The parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps your body keep the right balance of calcium and phosphorous.\nIf your parathyroid glands make too much or too little hormone, it disrupts this balance. If they secrete extra PTH, you have hyperparathyroidism, and your blood calcium rises. In many cases, a benign tumor on a parathyroid gland makes it overactive. Or, the extra hormones can come from enlarged parathyroid glands. Very rarely, the cause is cancer.\nIf you do not have enough PTH, you have hypoparathyroidism. Your blood will have too little calcium and too much phosphorous. Causes include injury to the glands, endocrine disorders, or genetic conditions. Treatment is aimed at restoring the balance of calcium and phosphorous.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/parathyroiddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la paratiroides","text":"La mayoría de las personas tiene cuatro glándulas del tamaño de un guisante, llamadas paratiroides, sobre la glándula tiroides que se encuentra en el cuello. Aunque sus nombres son similares, las tiroides y las paratiroides son completamente diferentes. Las glándulas paratiroides producen la hormona paratiroidea (PTH, por sus siglas en inglés), que ayuda al cuerpo a mantener el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.\nSi las glándulas paratiroideas producen cantidades excesivas o muy bajas de hormona, alteran el equilibrio. Si segregan demasiada PTH, el cuadro se denomina hiperparatiroidismo y el nivel de calcio en la sangre aumenta. En muchos casos, un tumor benigno (no canceroso) en las paratiroides aumenta su actividad. En otros casos, el exceso de hormonas puede provenir de glándulas paratiroides aumentadas de tamaño. En muy raros casos, la causa es un cáncer.\nSi no se produce suficiente cantidad de PTH, el cuadro se denomina hipoparatiroidismo. La sangre tendrá muy poco calcio y una excesiva cantidad de fósforo. Entre las causas se encuentran las lesiones de las glándulas, los trastornos endocrinos o los cuadros genéticos. El tratamiento se enfoca en recuperar el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0134","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hyperparathyroidism","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hyperparathyroidism","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E21","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hyperparathyroidism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hiperparatiroidism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط نشاط الدريقات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hyperparatyreóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Überfunktion der Nebenschilddrüsen (Hyperparathyreoidismus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερπαραθυρεοειδισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hiperparatiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hyperparathyroïdie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाइपरपैराथायरायडिज्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mellékpajzsmirigy-túlműködés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Iperparatiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"副甲状腺機能亢進症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부갑상선기능항진증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadczynność przytarczyc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hiperparatiroidismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гиперпаратиреоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hyperparatyreóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hiperparatiroidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіперпаратиреоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲状旁腺功能亢进症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Parathyroid Disorders","text":"Most people have four pea-sized glands, called parathyroid glands, on the thyroid gland in the neck. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are completely different. The parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps your body keep the right balance of calcium and phosphorous.\nIf your parathyroid glands make too much or too little hormone, it disrupts this balance. If they secrete extra PTH, you have hyperparathyroidism, and your blood calcium rises. In many cases, a benign tumor on a parathyroid gland makes it overactive. Or, the extra hormones can come from enlarged parathyroid glands. Very rarely, the cause is cancer.\nIf you do not have enough PTH, you have hypoparathyroidism. Your blood will have too little calcium and too much phosphorous. Causes include injury to the glands, endocrine disorders, or genetic conditions. Treatment is aimed at restoring the balance of calcium and phosphorous.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/parathyroiddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la paratiroides","text":"La mayoría de las personas tiene cuatro glándulas del tamaño de un guisante, llamadas paratiroides, sobre la glándula tiroides que se encuentra en el cuello. Aunque sus nombres son similares, las tiroides y las paratiroides son completamente diferentes. Las glándulas paratiroides producen la hormona paratiroidea (PTH, por sus siglas en inglés), que ayuda al cuerpo a mantener el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.\nSi las glándulas paratiroideas producen cantidades excesivas o muy bajas de hormona, alteran el equilibrio. Si segregan demasiada PTH, el cuadro se denomina hiperparatiroidismo y el nivel de calcio en la sangre aumenta. En muchos casos, un tumor benigno (no canceroso) en las paratiroides aumenta su actividad. En otros casos, el exceso de hormonas puede provenir de glándulas paratiroides aumentadas de tamaño. En muy raros casos, la causa es un cáncer.\nSi no se produce suficiente cantidad de PTH, el cuadro se denomina hipoparatiroidismo. La sangre tendrá muy poco calcio y una excesiva cantidad de fósforo. Entre las causas se encuentran las lesiones de las glándulas, los trastornos endocrinos o los cuadros genéticos. El tratamiento se enfoca en recuperar el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parathyroiddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0135","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"overactive-pituitary-gland","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/overactive-pituitary-gland","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E22","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Overactive pituitary gland","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hiperfuncție a hipofizei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط نشاط الغدة النخامية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zvýšená funkce hypofýzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Überfunktion der Hypophyse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερλειτουργία της υπόφυσης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hiperfunción de la hipófisis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hyperfonctionnement de l'hypophyse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पीयूष ग्रंथि की अति सक्रियता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Agyalapi mirigy túlműködése","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Iperfunzione dell'ipofisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"下垂体機能亢進症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌하수체 기능항진증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadczynność przysadki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hiperfunção da hipófise","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гиперфункция гипофиза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zvýšená funkcia hypofýzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipofiz bezinin aşırı çalışması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіперфункція гіпофіза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"垂体功能亢进","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pituitary Disorders","text":"Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain. The pituitary is the \"master control gland\" - it makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body.\nWith pituitary disorders, you often have too much or too little of one of your hormones. Injuries can cause pituitary disorders, but the most common cause is a pituitary tumor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria","text":"La glándula pituitaria es una glándula del tamaño de un guisante que se encuentra en la base del cerebro. La pituitaria es la \"glándula de control maestro\" - produce hormonas que afectan el crecimiento y las funciones de las otras glándulas del cuerpo.\nUna enfermedad de la glándula pituitaria puede causar la producción de pocas o muchas hormonas. Algunas lesiones pueden causar trastornos de la glándula pituitaria, pero la causa más común es un tumor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0136","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"underactive-pituitary-gland","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/underactive-pituitary-gland","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E23","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A61.Y","display":"Other specified hypofunction or disorders of pituitary gland","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/292840069/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#292840069/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Underactive pituitary gland","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipofuncție a hipofizei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قصور الغدة النخامية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Snížená funkce hypofýzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Unterfunktion der Hypophyse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπολειτουργία της υπόφυσης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipofunción de la hipófisis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuffisance hypophysaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पीयूष ग्रंथि की कम सक्रियता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Agyalapi mirigy alulműködése","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipofunzione dell'ipofisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"下垂体機能低下症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌하수체 기능저하증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedoczynność przysadki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipofunção da hipófise","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипофункция гипофиза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Znížená funkcia hypofýzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipofiz bezinin az çalışması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпофункція гіпофіза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"垂体功能减退","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pituitary Disorders","text":"Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain. The pituitary is the \"master control gland\" - it makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body.\nWith pituitary disorders, you often have too much or too little of one of your hormones. Injuries can cause pituitary disorders, but the most common cause is a pituitary tumor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria","text":"La glándula pituitaria es una glándula del tamaño de un guisante que se encuentra en la base del cerebro. La pituitaria es la \"glándula de control maestro\" - produce hormonas que afectan el crecimiento y las funciones de las otras glándulas del cuerpo.\nUna enfermedad de la glándula pituitaria puede causar la producción de pocas o muchas hormonas. Algunas lesiones pueden causar trastornos de la glándula pituitaria, pero la causa más común es un tumor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0137","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cushing-syndrome-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cushing-syndrome-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E24","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindrom Cushing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة كوشينغ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cushingův syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cushing-Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο Cushing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de Cushing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome de Cushing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कुशिंग सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cushing-szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome di Cushing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"クッシング症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"쿠싱 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół Cushinga","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de Cushing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Синдром Кушинга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cushingov syndróm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Cushing sendromu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Синдром Кушинга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"库欣综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cushing syndrome","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cushing's Syndrome","text":"Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. The cause is long-term exposure to too much cortisol, a hormone that your adrenal gland makes. Sometimes, taking synthetic hormone medicine to treat an inflammatory disease leads to Cushing's. Some kinds of tumors produce a hormone that can cause your body to make too much cortisol.\nCushing's syndrome is rare. Some symptoms are:\n• Upper body obesity\n• Thin arms and legs\n• Severe fatigue and muscle weakness\n• High blood pressure\n• High blood sugar\n• Easy bruising\nLab tests can show if you have it and find the cause. Your treatment will depend on why you have too much cortisol. If it is because you have been taking synthetic hormones, a lower dose may control your symptoms. If the cause is a tumor, surgery and other therapies may be needed.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Síndrome de Cushing","text":"El síndrome de Cushing es es un trastorno hormonal. Es causado por la exposición prolongada a un exceso de cortisol, una hormona producida por las glándulas adrenales. Algunas veces, tomar medicinas con hormonas sintéticas para tratar una enfermedad inflamatoria conduce al síndrome de Cushing. Ciertos tipos de tumores producen una hormona que puede hacer que el cuerpo produzca demasiado cortisol.\nEl síndrome de Cushing es raro. Algunos síntomas son:\n• Obesidad en la parte superior del cuerpo\n• Cara redondeada\n• Brazos y piernas delgados\n• Fatiga severa y debilidad muscular\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Aumento del azúcar en la sangre\n• Aparición fácil de hematomas\nLos exámenes de laboratorio pueden diagnosticarlo y encontrar la causa. El tratamiento dependerá del motivo del exceso de cortisol. Si es porque toma hormonas sintéticas, una dosis más baja puede controlar los síntomas. Si es provocado por un tumor, puede ser necesaria una cirugía y otras terapias.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0190","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cushing Syndrome — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0251","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cushing Syndrome — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0138","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"adrenogenital-disorders-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/adrenogenital-disorders-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E25","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A71.Z","display":"Adrenogenital disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/131153029/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#131153029/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Adrenogenital disorders (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări adrenogenitale (hiperplazie suprarenală congenitală)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاضطرابات الكظرية التناسلية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Adrenogenitální syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Adrenogenitales Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επινεφριδιογεννητικές διαταραχές","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos adrenogenitales (hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles surrénogénitaux (hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एड्रीनोजेनिटल विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Adrenogenitális szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi adrenogenitali (iperplasia surrenalica congenita)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"副腎性器症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부신성기증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół nadnerczowo-płciowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios adrenogenitais (hiperplasia adrenal congénita)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Адреногенитальный синдром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Adrenogenitálny syndróm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Adrenogenital bozukluklar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Адреногенітальний синдром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾上腺生殖综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Adrenal Gland Disorders","text":"What are adrenal glands?\nYour adrenal glands are two small organs that sit on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make different types of hormones you need to stay alive and healthy. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work.\nThe adrenal glands make the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They also make hormones that your body uses to make sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). All of these hormones do many important jobs, including:\n• Turning food into energy and managing blood sugar levels\n• Balancing salt and water\n• Keeping blood pressure normal\n• Responding to illness and stress (your \"fight or flight\" response)\n• Timing when and how fast a child develops sexually\n• Supporting pregnancy\nWhat are adrenal gland disorders?\nWhen you have an adrenal gland disorder, your body makes too much or too little of one or more hormones. The symptoms depend on the type of problem you have and how much it affects the hormone levels in your body.\nThere are many types of adrenal gland disorders, including:\n• Addison's Disease - a condition in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol\n• Cushing's Syndrome - a condition caused by too much cortisol in the body, often from taking steroid medicines for a long time\n• Aldosterone-producing adenoma - a benign tumor (not cancer) that makes too much aldosterone and may cause serious high blood pressure\n• Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma - an inherited condition causing different types of tumors that make adrenaline and other hormones. Some tumors may become cancerous.\n• Adrenal gland cancer - cancerous tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma and neuroblastoma\n• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) - a group of inherited disorders in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol. The most common type is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (also called CAH1). In the United States, newborn babies get a blood test to see if they have CAH. People born with CAH may not have symptoms until childhood or later in life.\nWhat causes adrenal gland disorders?\nThe cause of adrenal gland disorders depends on the type of disorder you have. Causes can include:\n• Medicines such as steroids\n• A problem in another gland, such as the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases hormones that affect how the adrenal glands work.\n• Changes in genes (mutations). These changes can cause the adrenal glands to make too much or too little of one or more hormones.\n• Infections\nIn many cases the cause of the problem isn't clear.\nHow are adrenal gland disorders diagnosed?\nHealth care providers use different tests to check for adrenal disorders depending on your symptoms and health history. For example, you may have tests of your blood, urine (pee), or saliva (spit). These tests check your hormone levels. Your provider may order x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to look for tumors.\nWhat are the treatments for adrenal gland disorders?\nDifferent types of adrenal gland disorders have different treatments. They include medicines and surgery. Radiation therapy is sometimes a treatment for tumors. There are treatments to cure certain adrenal gland disorders. For other disorders, treatments can manage your symptoms.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales","text":"¿Qué son las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLas glándulas suprarrenales son dos pequeños órganos que se ubican encima de cada riñón. Las glándulas suprarrenales producen diferentes tipos de hormonas necesarias para mantenerse con vida y saludable. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que viajan por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan cómo funcionan las diferentes partes del cuerpo.\nLas glándulas suprarrenales producen las hormonas cortisol, aldosterona, adrenalina y noradrenalina. También producen hormonas que su cuerpo usa para producir hormonas sexuales (estrógeno y testosterona). Todas estas hormonas realizan muchas funciones importantes, incluyendo:\n• Convertir los alimentos en energía y controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre\n• Regular el equilibrio de sal y agua\n• Mantener una presión arterial normal\n• Responder a la enfermedad y al estrés (reacción conocida como \"lucha o huida\")\n• Comenzar el desarrollo sexual de un niño y su rapidez\n• Mantener el embarazo\n¿Qué son los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nCuando tiene un trastorno de las glándulas suprarrenales, su cuerpo produce demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas. Los síntomas dependen del tipo de problema que tenga y cuánto afecta a los niveles hormonales de su cuerpo.\nHay muchos tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales, incluyendo:\n• Enfermedad de Addison: Afección en la que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol\n• Síndrome de Cushing: Afección causada por un exceso de cortisol en el cuerpo, a menudo por tomar medicamentos corticoides durante un período prolongado\n• Adenoma productor de aldosterona: Tumor benigno (no canceroso) que produce demasiada aldosterona y puede causar hipertensión arterial grave\n• Paraganglioma-feocromocitoma hereditario: Afección hereditaria que causa diferentes tipos de tumores que producen adrenalina y otras hormonas. Algunos tumores pueden volverse cancerosos\n• Cáncer de la glándula suprarrenal: Tumores cancerosos, incluyendo carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal y el neuroblastoma\n• Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita: Grupo de trastornos hereditarios en los que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol. El tipo más común es la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa. En los Estados Unidos, a los bebés recién nacidos se les hace un análisis de sangre para ver si tienen hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Es posible que las personas que nacen con este trastorno no presenten síntomas hasta la niñez o más adelante en la vida\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLa causa de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales depende del tipo de trastorno que tenga. Las causas pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos como esteroides\n• Un problema en otra glándula, como la glándula pituitaria. La glándula pituitaria libera hormonas que afectan el funcionamiento de las glándulas suprarrenales\n• Cambios en los genes (mutaciones): Estos cambios pueden hacer que las glándulas suprarrenales produzcan demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas\n• Infecciones\nEn muchos casos, la causa del problema no está clara.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLos profesionales de la salud utilizan diferentes pruebas para detectar trastornos suprarrenales según sus síntomas e historia clínica. Por ejemplo, es posible que le hagan análisis de sangre, orina o saliva. Estas pruebas miden sus niveles hormonales. Su profesional de la salud puede solicitar radiografías, tomografías computarizadas o resonancias magnéticas para buscar tumores.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLos diferentes tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales tienen diversos tratamientos. Incluyen medicamentos y cirugía. En ocasiones, la radioterapia es un tratamiento para los tumores. Existen tratamientos para curar ciertos trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales. Para otros, los tratamientos buscan controlar sus síntomas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0139","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hyperaldosteronism-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hyperaldosteronism-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E26","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hiperaldosteronism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط الألدوستيرونية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hyperaldosteronismus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hyperaldosteronismus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπεραλδοστερονισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hiperaldosteronismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hyperaldostéronisme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाइपरएल्डोस्टेरोनिज़्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hiperaldoszteronizmus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Iperaldosteronismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アルドステロン症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알도스테론증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hiperaldosteronizm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hiperaldosteronismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гиперальдостеронизм","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hyperaldosteronizmus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hiperaldosteronizm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіперальдостеронізм","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"醛固酮增多症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hyperaldosteronism","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Adrenal Gland Disorders","text":"What are adrenal glands?\nYour adrenal glands are two small organs that sit on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make different types of hormones you need to stay alive and healthy. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work.\nThe adrenal glands make the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They also make hormones that your body uses to make sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). All of these hormones do many important jobs, including:\n• Turning food into energy and managing blood sugar levels\n• Balancing salt and water\n• Keeping blood pressure normal\n• Responding to illness and stress (your \"fight or flight\" response)\n• Timing when and how fast a child develops sexually\n• Supporting pregnancy\nWhat are adrenal gland disorders?\nWhen you have an adrenal gland disorder, your body makes too much or too little of one or more hormones. The symptoms depend on the type of problem you have and how much it affects the hormone levels in your body.\nThere are many types of adrenal gland disorders, including:\n• Addison's Disease - a condition in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol\n• Cushing's Syndrome - a condition caused by too much cortisol in the body, often from taking steroid medicines for a long time\n• Aldosterone-producing adenoma - a benign tumor (not cancer) that makes too much aldosterone and may cause serious high blood pressure\n• Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma - an inherited condition causing different types of tumors that make adrenaline and other hormones. Some tumors may become cancerous.\n• Adrenal gland cancer - cancerous tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma and neuroblastoma\n• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) - a group of inherited disorders in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol. The most common type is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (also called CAH1). In the United States, newborn babies get a blood test to see if they have CAH. People born with CAH may not have symptoms until childhood or later in life.\nWhat causes adrenal gland disorders?\nThe cause of adrenal gland disorders depends on the type of disorder you have. Causes can include:\n• Medicines such as steroids\n• A problem in another gland, such as the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases hormones that affect how the adrenal glands work.\n• Changes in genes (mutations). These changes can cause the adrenal glands to make too much or too little of one or more hormones.\n• Infections\nIn many cases the cause of the problem isn't clear.\nHow are adrenal gland disorders diagnosed?\nHealth care providers use different tests to check for adrenal disorders depending on your symptoms and health history. For example, you may have tests of your blood, urine (pee), or saliva (spit). These tests check your hormone levels. Your provider may order x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to look for tumors.\nWhat are the treatments for adrenal gland disorders?\nDifferent types of adrenal gland disorders have different treatments. They include medicines and surgery. Radiation therapy is sometimes a treatment for tumors. There are treatments to cure certain adrenal gland disorders. For other disorders, treatments can manage your symptoms.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales","text":"¿Qué son las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLas glándulas suprarrenales son dos pequeños órganos que se ubican encima de cada riñón. Las glándulas suprarrenales producen diferentes tipos de hormonas necesarias para mantenerse con vida y saludable. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que viajan por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan cómo funcionan las diferentes partes del cuerpo.\nLas glándulas suprarrenales producen las hormonas cortisol, aldosterona, adrenalina y noradrenalina. También producen hormonas que su cuerpo usa para producir hormonas sexuales (estrógeno y testosterona). Todas estas hormonas realizan muchas funciones importantes, incluyendo:\n• Convertir los alimentos en energía y controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre\n• Regular el equilibrio de sal y agua\n• Mantener una presión arterial normal\n• Responder a la enfermedad y al estrés (reacción conocida como \"lucha o huida\")\n• Comenzar el desarrollo sexual de un niño y su rapidez\n• Mantener el embarazo\n¿Qué son los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nCuando tiene un trastorno de las glándulas suprarrenales, su cuerpo produce demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas. Los síntomas dependen del tipo de problema que tenga y cuánto afecta a los niveles hormonales de su cuerpo.\nHay muchos tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales, incluyendo:\n• Enfermedad de Addison: Afección en la que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol\n• Síndrome de Cushing: Afección causada por un exceso de cortisol en el cuerpo, a menudo por tomar medicamentos corticoides durante un período prolongado\n• Adenoma productor de aldosterona: Tumor benigno (no canceroso) que produce demasiada aldosterona y puede causar hipertensión arterial grave\n• Paraganglioma-feocromocitoma hereditario: Afección hereditaria que causa diferentes tipos de tumores que producen adrenalina y otras hormonas. Algunos tumores pueden volverse cancerosos\n• Cáncer de la glándula suprarrenal: Tumores cancerosos, incluyendo carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal y el neuroblastoma\n• Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita: Grupo de trastornos hereditarios en los que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol. El tipo más común es la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa. En los Estados Unidos, a los bebés recién nacidos se les hace un análisis de sangre para ver si tienen hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Es posible que las personas que nacen con este trastorno no presenten síntomas hasta la niñez o más adelante en la vida\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLa causa de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales depende del tipo de trastorno que tenga. Las causas pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos como esteroides\n• Un problema en otra glándula, como la glándula pituitaria. La glándula pituitaria libera hormonas que afectan el funcionamiento de las glándulas suprarrenales\n• Cambios en los genes (mutaciones): Estos cambios pueden hacer que las glándulas suprarrenales produzcan demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas\n• Infecciones\nEn muchos casos, la causa del problema no está clara.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLos profesionales de la salud utilizan diferentes pruebas para detectar trastornos suprarrenales según sus síntomas e historia clínica. Por ejemplo, es posible que le hagan análisis de sangre, orina o saliva. Estas pruebas miden sus niveles hormonales. Su profesional de la salud puede solicitar radiografías, tomografías computarizadas o resonancias magnéticas para buscar tumores.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLos diferentes tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales tienen diversos tratamientos. Incluyen medicamentos y cirugía. En ocasiones, la radioterapia es un tratamiento para los tumores. Existen tratamientos para curar ciertos trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales. Para otros, los tratamientos buscan controlar sus síntomas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0140","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-adrenal-gland-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-adrenal-gland-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E27","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other adrenal gland disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale glandei suprarenale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في الغدة الكظرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy nadledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Erkrankungen der Nebenniere","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές των επινεφριδίων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos de la glándula suprarrenal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres troubles de la glande surrénale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अधिवृक्क ग्रंथि के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A mellékvese egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi del surrene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の副腎の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 부신 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby nadnerczy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da glândula suprarrenal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие нарушения надпочечников","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy nadobličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer böbrek üstü bezi bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші порушення наднирників","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他肾上腺疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Adrenal Gland Disorders","text":"What are adrenal glands?\nYour adrenal glands are two small organs that sit on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make different types of hormones you need to stay alive and healthy. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work.\nThe adrenal glands make the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They also make hormones that your body uses to make sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). All of these hormones do many important jobs, including:\n• Turning food into energy and managing blood sugar levels\n• Balancing salt and water\n• Keeping blood pressure normal\n• Responding to illness and stress (your \"fight or flight\" response)\n• Timing when and how fast a child develops sexually\n• Supporting pregnancy\nWhat are adrenal gland disorders?\nWhen you have an adrenal gland disorder, your body makes too much or too little of one or more hormones. The symptoms depend on the type of problem you have and how much it affects the hormone levels in your body.\nThere are many types of adrenal gland disorders, including:\n• Addison's Disease - a condition in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol\n• Cushing's Syndrome - a condition caused by too much cortisol in the body, often from taking steroid medicines for a long time\n• Aldosterone-producing adenoma - a benign tumor (not cancer) that makes too much aldosterone and may cause serious high blood pressure\n• Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma - an inherited condition causing different types of tumors that make adrenaline and other hormones. Some tumors may become cancerous.\n• Adrenal gland cancer - cancerous tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma and neuroblastoma\n• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) - a group of inherited disorders in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol. The most common type is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (also called CAH1). In the United States, newborn babies get a blood test to see if they have CAH. People born with CAH may not have symptoms until childhood or later in life.\nWhat causes adrenal gland disorders?\nThe cause of adrenal gland disorders depends on the type of disorder you have. Causes can include:\n• Medicines such as steroids\n• A problem in another gland, such as the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases hormones that affect how the adrenal glands work.\n• Changes in genes (mutations). These changes can cause the adrenal glands to make too much or too little of one or more hormones.\n• Infections\nIn many cases the cause of the problem isn't clear.\nHow are adrenal gland disorders diagnosed?\nHealth care providers use different tests to check for adrenal disorders depending on your symptoms and health history. For example, you may have tests of your blood, urine (pee), or saliva (spit). These tests check your hormone levels. Your provider may order x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to look for tumors.\nWhat are the treatments for adrenal gland disorders?\nDifferent types of adrenal gland disorders have different treatments. They include medicines and surgery. Radiation therapy is sometimes a treatment for tumors. There are treatments to cure certain adrenal gland disorders. For other disorders, treatments can manage your symptoms.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales","text":"¿Qué son las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLas glándulas suprarrenales son dos pequeños órganos que se ubican encima de cada riñón. Las glándulas suprarrenales producen diferentes tipos de hormonas necesarias para mantenerse con vida y saludable. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que viajan por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan cómo funcionan las diferentes partes del cuerpo.\nLas glándulas suprarrenales producen las hormonas cortisol, aldosterona, adrenalina y noradrenalina. También producen hormonas que su cuerpo usa para producir hormonas sexuales (estrógeno y testosterona). Todas estas hormonas realizan muchas funciones importantes, incluyendo:\n• Convertir los alimentos en energía y controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre\n• Regular el equilibrio de sal y agua\n• Mantener una presión arterial normal\n• Responder a la enfermedad y al estrés (reacción conocida como \"lucha o huida\")\n• Comenzar el desarrollo sexual de un niño y su rapidez\n• Mantener el embarazo\n¿Qué son los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nCuando tiene un trastorno de las glándulas suprarrenales, su cuerpo produce demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas. Los síntomas dependen del tipo de problema que tenga y cuánto afecta a los niveles hormonales de su cuerpo.\nHay muchos tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales, incluyendo:\n• Enfermedad de Addison: Afección en la que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol\n• Síndrome de Cushing: Afección causada por un exceso de cortisol en el cuerpo, a menudo por tomar medicamentos corticoides durante un período prolongado\n• Adenoma productor de aldosterona: Tumor benigno (no canceroso) que produce demasiada aldosterona y puede causar hipertensión arterial grave\n• Paraganglioma-feocromocitoma hereditario: Afección hereditaria que causa diferentes tipos de tumores que producen adrenalina y otras hormonas. Algunos tumores pueden volverse cancerosos\n• Cáncer de la glándula suprarrenal: Tumores cancerosos, incluyendo carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal y el neuroblastoma\n• Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita: Grupo de trastornos hereditarios en los que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol. El tipo más común es la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa. En los Estados Unidos, a los bebés recién nacidos se les hace un análisis de sangre para ver si tienen hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Es posible que las personas que nacen con este trastorno no presenten síntomas hasta la niñez o más adelante en la vida\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLa causa de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales depende del tipo de trastorno que tenga. Las causas pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos como esteroides\n• Un problema en otra glándula, como la glándula pituitaria. La glándula pituitaria libera hormonas que afectan el funcionamiento de las glándulas suprarrenales\n• Cambios en los genes (mutaciones): Estos cambios pueden hacer que las glándulas suprarrenales produzcan demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas\n• Infecciones\nEn muchos casos, la causa del problema no está clara.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLos profesionales de la salud utilizan diferentes pruebas para detectar trastornos suprarrenales según sus síntomas e historia clínica. Por ejemplo, es posible que le hagan análisis de sangre, orina o saliva. Estas pruebas miden sus niveles hormonales. Su profesional de la salud puede solicitar radiografías, tomografías computarizadas o resonancias magnéticas para buscar tumores.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?\nLos diferentes tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales tienen diversos tratamientos. Incluyen medicamentos y cirugía. En ocasiones, la radioterapia es un tratamiento para los tumores. Existen tratamientos para curar ciertos trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales. Para otros, los tratamientos buscan controlar sus síntomas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0141","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"ovarian-dysfunction-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/ovarian-dysfunction-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E28","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A80.Z","display":"Ovarian dysfunction, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1801368748/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1801368748/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Disfuncție ovariană","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خلل وظيفة المبيض","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Porucha funkce vaječníků","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Funktionsstörung der Eierstöcke","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσλειτουργία των ωοθηκών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Disfunción ovárica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dysfonctionnement ovarien","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अंडाशय की शिथिलता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Petefészek-működési zavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disfunzione ovarica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"卵巣機能障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"난소 기능장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia czynności jajników","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Disfunção ovárica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дисфункция яичников","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Porucha funkcie vaječníkov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yumurtalık işlev bozukluğu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дисфункція яєчників","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"卵巢功能障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ovarian dysfunction","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ovarian Disorders","text":"What are ovaries?\nThe ovaries are a pair of female reproductive glands that make eggs and female hormones. Women have one ovary on each side of the uterus (where a fetus grows during pregnancy). Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond.\nOvaries play a role in menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Your ovaries:\n• Produce and store eggs that are released during ovulation (when an egg leaves the ovary and travels into the fallopian tube). If a sperm fertilizes the egg, you can become pregnant.\n• Make the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.\n• Stop making those hormones and releasing eggs during menopause.\nSome medical problems can affect the ovaries. These can cause various symptoms, and some ovarian disorders may need prompt treatment.\nWhat are the types of ovarian disorders?\nSome problems that can happen with the ovaries can include:\n• Ovarian cancer is when a cancerous tumor forms in the tissues of an ovary.\n• Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary.\n• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms related to an imbalance of hormones.\n• Primary ovarian insufficiency is when your ovaries stop working before age 40.\n• Ovarian torsion is a twisting of the ovary.\n• Endometriosis is when tissue like the lining in your uterus grows in other places in your body. It may affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue lining the pelvis.\n• Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection and inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, and other female reproductive organs.\n• Ovarian tumors.\nWhat causes ovarian disorders?\nOvarian disorders can happen for different reasons depending on the condition. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\nWhat are the symptoms of ovarian disorders?\nYour symptoms may be different, depending on the problem with your ovaries. Some ovarian disorders, such as ovarian cysts, may cause few or even no symptoms. Other disorders may cause more severe symptoms. Symptoms can include:\n• Pelvic pain, which often happens during your period\n• Nausea or diarrhea\n• Vaginal bleeding that is between periods, very heavy, or longer than usual\n• Vaginal discharge\n• Painful menstrual cramps\nHow are ovarian disorders diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have a problem with your ovaries, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms\n• Will ask about your family health history\n• Will do a physical exam, including a pelvic exam\n• May order imaging tests, or blood tests\nWhat are the treatments for ovarian disorders?\nTreatment depends on the ovarian disorder, your symptoms, overall health, and plans for pregnancy. Treatment can include medicines, such as pain relievers or hormonal birth control, lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms, or sometimes surgery. Ovarian cancer may require surgery, chemotherapy, or other targeted therapy.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ovariandisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los ovarios","text":"¿Qué son los ovarios?\nLos ovarios son un par de glándulas reproductoras de la mujer que producen óvulos y hormonas femeninas. Las mujeres tienen un ovario a cada lado del útero (donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo). El tamaño y la forma de cada ovario se aproxima al de una almendra.\nLos ovarios desempeñan un papel en la menstruación, el embarazo y la menopausia. Los ovarios:\n• Producen y almacenan óvulos que se liberan durante la ovulación (cuando un óvulo sale del ovario y se traslada a la trompa de Falopio). Si un espermatozoide fecunda el óvulo, puede quedar embarazada\n• Producen las hormonas femeninas estrógeno y progesterona\n• Dejan de producir estas hormonas y de liberar óvulos durante la menopausia\nAlgunos problemas médicos pueden afectar a los ovarios. Estos pueden causar diversos síntomas, y algunos trastornos ováricos pueden requerir tratamiento inmediato.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de los ovarios?\nAlgunos problemas que pueden presentarse en los ovarios incluyen:\n• Cáncer de ovario: Ocurre cuando se forma un tumor canceroso en los tejidos del ovario\n• Quistes ováricos: Sacos llenos de líquido en o sobre el ovario\n• Síndrome de ovario poliquístico: Conjunto de síntomas relacionados con un desequilibrio hormonal\n• Insuficiencia ovárica primaria: Ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de funcionar antes de los 40 años\n• Torsión ovárica: Ocurre cuando un ovario se retuerce\n• Endometriosis: Ocurre cuando tejido como el revestimiento del útero crece en otras partes del cuerpo. Puede afectar los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio y el tejido que recubre la pelvis\n• Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica: Infección e inflamación del útero, los ovarios y otros órganos reproductores de la mujer\n• Tumores ováricos\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de los ovarios?\nLos trastornos ováricos pueden ocurrir por diferentes razones según la afección. En ocasiones se desconoce la causa.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de los ovarios?\nLos síntomas pueden variar según el problema de los ovarios. Algunos trastornos ováricos, como los quistes, pueden presentar ningún o pocos síntomas. Otros trastornos pueden causar síntomas más graves. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Dolor pélvico, que suele ocurrir durante la menstruación\n• Náuseas o diarrea\n• Sangrado vaginal entre periodos, muy abundante o más prolongado de lo habitual\n• Flujo vaginal\n• Calambres menstruales dolorosos\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos ováricos?\nPara determinar si tiene un problema de los ovarios, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntará sobre su historia médica familiar\n• Realizará un examen físico, que incluye un examen pélvico\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen o análisis de sangre\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de los ovarios?\nEl tratamiento depende del trastorno, sus síntomas, su estado general de salud y sus planes de embarazo. El tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos, como analgésicos o anticonceptivos hormonales, cambios en el estilo de vida para reducir los síntomas o, en ocasiones, cirugía. El cáncer de ovario puede requerir cirugía, quimioterapia u otra terapia dirigida.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariandisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0142","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"disorders-of-puberty","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/disorders-of-puberty","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E30","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5A9Z","display":"Disorders of puberty, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/840727139/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#840727139/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Disorders of puberty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale pubertății","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات البلوغ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy puberty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pubertätsstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές της εφηβείας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la pubertad","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de la puberté","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"यौवन के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A serdülés zavarai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi della pubertà","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"思春期の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"사춘기 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia dojrzewania płciowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios da puberdade","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения полового созревания","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy puberty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ergenlik bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення статевого дозрівання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"青春期障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Puberty","text":"Puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It is a process that usually happens between ages 8 and 13 for girls and ages 9 and 14 for boys. It causes physical changes and affects boys and girls differently.\nIn girls:\n• The first sign of puberty is usually breast development.\n• Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.\n• Menstruation (or a period) usually happens last.\nIn boys:\n• Puberty usually begins with the testicles and penis getting bigger.\n• Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.\n• Muscles grow, the voice deepens, and facial hair develops as puberty continues.\nBoth boys and girls may get acne. They also usually have a growth spurt (a rapid increase in height) that lasts for about 2 or 3 years. This brings them closer to their adult height, which they reach after puberty.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pubertad","text":"Pubertad es el momento de la vida cuando un niño o una niña madura sexualmente. Es un proceso que suele ocurrir entre los 8 y 13 años para las niñas y entre los 9 y 14 para los varones. Causa cambios físicos y afecta a niños y niñas de manera distinta.\nEn las niñas:\n• La primera señal de pubertad es por lo general el desarrollo de los senos.\n• Luego comienza a crecer el vello en la zona del pubis y las axilas.\n• La menstruación (o período) por lo general es el último paso.\nEn los niños:\n• La pubertad comienza generalmente con el crecimiento de los testículos y el pene.\n• Luego, el vello en el pubis y las axilas.\n• Los músculos crecen, la voz se hace más gruesa y el vello facial aparece siguiendo el proceso de la pubertad.\nTanto los niños como las niñas pueden tener acné. También suelen tener un aumento repentino en el crecimiento (un aumento rápido de altura) que dura alrededor de dos o tres años. Esto los acerca más a su estatura adulta, la que alcanzan después de la pubertad.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0143","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"thiamine-vitamin-b1-deficiency","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/thiamine-vitamin-b1-deficiency","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E51","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deficit de tiamină (vitamina B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نقص الثيامين (فيتامين ب1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatek thiaminu (vitaminu B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Thiaminmangel (Vitamin-B1-Mangel)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεπάρκεια θειαμίνης (βιταμίνης Β1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Déficit de tiamina (vitamina B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carence en thiamine (vitamine B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"थायमिन (विटामिन बी1) की कमी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tiamin- (B1-vitamin-) hiány","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carenza di tiamina (vitamina B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"チアミン（ビタミンB1）欠乏症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"티아민(비타민 B1) 결핍증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedobór tiaminy (witaminy B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deficiência de tiamina (vitamina B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дефицит тиамина (витамина B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatok tiamínu (vitamínu B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tiamin (B1 vitamini) eksikliği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дефіцит тіаміну (вітаміну B1)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"硫胺素（维生素B1）缺乏症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"B Vitamins","text":"The B vitamins are:\n• B1 (thiamine)\n• B2 (riboflavin)\n• B3 (niacin)\n• B5 (pantothenic acid)\n• B6\n• B7 (biotin)\n• B12\n• Folic acid\nThese vitamins help the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. They also help form red blood cells. You can get B vitamins from proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products. Leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas also have B vitamins. Many cereals and some breads have added B vitamins.\nNot getting enough of certain B vitamins can cause diseases. A lack of B12 or B6 can cause anemia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Vitaminas B","text":"Las vitaminas son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Las vitaminas B son:\n• B1 (tiamina)\n• B2 (riboflavina)\n• B3 (niacina)\n• B5 (ácido pantoténico)\n• B6\n• B7 (biotina)\n• B12\n• Ácido fólico\nEstas vitaminas ayudan al proceso que hace su cuerpo para obtener energía de la comida que usted consume.\nTambién ayudan a formar glóbulos rojos. Usted puede obtener vitaminas B en las proteínas como pescado, pollo, carne de res, huevos y productos lácteos. Los vegetales de hojas verdes, frijoles y judías también tienen vitaminas B. A algunos cereales y panes también se les ha agregado vitaminas B.\nSi usted sufre una deficiencia de vitaminas B, puede sufrir enfermedades. La falta de las vitaminas B12 o B 6 puede causar anemia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0144","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vitamin-b3-deficiency-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vitamin-b3-deficiency-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E52","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5B5C.Z","display":"Vitamin B3 deficiency, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/135549215/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#135549215/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deficit de niacină (pelagră)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نقص النياسين (البلاغرا)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatek niacinu (pelagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Niacinmangel (Pellagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεπάρκεια νιασίνης (πελλάγρα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Déficit de niacina (pelagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carence en niacine (pellagre)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नियासिन की कमी (पेलाग्रा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Niacinhiány (pellagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carenza di niacina (pellagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ナイアシン欠乏症（ペラグラ）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"니아신 결핍증(펠라그라)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedobór niacyny (pelagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deficiência de niacina (pelagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дефицит ниацина (пеллагра)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatok niacínu (pelagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Niasin eksikliği (pellagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дефіцит ніацину (пелагра)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"烟酸缺乏症（糙皮病）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Niacin deficiency (pellagra)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"B Vitamins","text":"The B vitamins are:\n• B1 (thiamine)\n• B2 (riboflavin)\n• B3 (niacin)\n• B5 (pantothenic acid)\n• B6\n• B7 (biotin)\n• B12\n• Folic acid\nThese vitamins help the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. They also help form red blood cells. You can get B vitamins from proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products. Leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas also have B vitamins. Many cereals and some breads have added B vitamins.\nNot getting enough of certain B vitamins can cause diseases. A lack of B12 or B6 can cause anemia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Vitaminas B","text":"Las vitaminas son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Las vitaminas B son:\n• B1 (tiamina)\n• B2 (riboflavina)\n• B3 (niacina)\n• B5 (ácido pantoténico)\n• B6\n• B7 (biotina)\n• B12\n• Ácido fólico\nEstas vitaminas ayudan al proceso que hace su cuerpo para obtener energía de la comida que usted consume.\nTambién ayudan a formar glóbulos rojos. Usted puede obtener vitaminas B en las proteínas como pescado, pollo, carne de res, huevos y productos lácteos. Los vegetales de hojas verdes, frijoles y judías también tienen vitaminas B. A algunos cereales y panes también se les ha agregado vitaminas B.\nSi usted sufre una deficiencia de vitaminas B, puede sufrir enfermedades. La falta de las vitaminas B12 o B 6 puede causar anemia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0145","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-b-vitamin-deficiencies-including-b12-and-folate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-b-vitamin-deficiencies-including-b12-and-folate","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E53","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5B5B","display":"Vitamin B2 deficiency","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1569514773","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1569514773"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other B vitamin deficiencies (including B12 and folate)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte deficite de vitamine B (inclusiv B12 și folați)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نقص فيتامينات ب الأخرى (بما في ذلك ب12 والفولات)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatek jiných vitaminů skupiny B (včetně B12 a kyseliny listové)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mangel an anderen B-Vitaminen (einschließlich B12 und Folsäure)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεπάρκεια άλλων βιταμινών Β (περιλαμβάνονται Β12 και φυλλικό οξύ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Déficit de otras vitaminas del grupo B (incluidas B12 y folato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carences en autres vitamines B (dont B12 et folates)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य बी विटामिन की कमी (बी12 और फोलेट सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb B-vitaminok hiánya (B12 és folsav is)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carenza di altre vitamine B (incluse B12 e folati)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他のビタミンB群欠乏症（B12・葉酸を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 비타민 B군 결핍증(B12·엽산 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedobory innych witamin z grupy B (w tym B12 i kwasu foliowego)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deficiência de outras vitaminas B (incluindo B12 e folato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дефицит других витаминов группы B (включая B12 и фолаты)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatok iných vitamínov skupiny B (vrátane B12 a kyseliny listovej)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer B vitamini eksiklikleri (B12 ve folat dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дефіцит інших вітамінів групи B (включно з B12 і фолатами)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他B族维生素缺乏症（包括B12和叶酸）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"B Vitamins","text":"The B vitamins are:\n• B1 (thiamine)\n• B2 (riboflavin)\n• B3 (niacin)\n• B5 (pantothenic acid)\n• B6\n• B7 (biotin)\n• B12\n• Folic acid\nThese vitamins help the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. They also help form red blood cells. You can get B vitamins from proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products. Leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas also have B vitamins. Many cereals and some breads have added B vitamins.\nNot getting enough of certain B vitamins can cause diseases. A lack of B12 or B6 can cause anemia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Vitaminas B","text":"Las vitaminas son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Las vitaminas B son:\n• B1 (tiamina)\n• B2 (riboflavina)\n• B3 (niacina)\n• B5 (ácido pantoténico)\n• B6\n• B7 (biotina)\n• B12\n• Ácido fólico\nEstas vitaminas ayudan al proceso que hace su cuerpo para obtener energía de la comida que usted consume.\nTambién ayudan a formar glóbulos rojos. Usted puede obtener vitaminas B en las proteínas como pescado, pollo, carne de res, huevos y productos lácteos. Los vegetales de hojas verdes, frijoles y judías también tienen vitaminas B. A algunos cereales y panes también se les ha agregado vitaminas B.\nSi usted sufre una deficiencia de vitaminas B, puede sufrir enfermedades. La falta de las vitaminas B12 o B 6 puede causar anemia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0146","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vitamin-d-deficiency","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vitamin-d-deficiency","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E55","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vitamin D Deficiency","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Deficiencia de vitamina D","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deficit de vitamina D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نقص فيتامين د","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatek vitaminu D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vitamin-D-Mangel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεπάρκεια βιταμίνης D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carence en vitamine D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"विटामिन डी की कमी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"D-vitamin-hiány","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carenza di vitamina D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ビタミンD欠乏症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비타민 D 결핍증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedobór witaminy D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deficiência de vitamina D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дефицит витамина D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatok vitamínu D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"D vitamini eksikliği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дефіцит вітаміну D","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"维生素D缺乏症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hypovitaminosis D"},{"lang":"en","text":"Low Vitamin D"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vitamin D Deficiency","text":"What is vitamin D deficiency?\nVitamin D deficiency means that your body is not getting enough vitamin D to stay healthy.\nWhy do I need vitamin D and how do I get it?\nVitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone. Vitamin D also has a role in your nervous, muscle, and immune systems.\nYou can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms vitamin D naturally after exposure to sunlight. But too much sun exposure can lead to skin aging and skin cancer, so many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources.\nHow much vitamin D do I need?\nThe amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age. The recommended amounts, in international units (IU), are:\n• Birth to 12 months: 400 IU\n• Children 1-13 years: 600 IU\n• Teens 14-18 years: 600 IU\n• Adults 19-70 years: 600 IU\n• Adults 71 years and older: 800 IU\n• Pregnant and breastfeeding women: 600 IU\nPeople at high risk of vitamin D deficiency may need more. Check with your health care provider about how much you need.\nWhat causes vitamin D deficiency?\nYou can become deficient in vitamin D for different reasons:\n• You don't get enough vitamin D in your diet\n• You don't absorb enough vitamin D from food (a malabsorption problem)\n• You don't get enough exposure to sunlight\n• Your liver or kidneys cannot convert vitamin D to its active form in the body\n• You take medicines that interfere with your body's ability to convert or absorb vitamin D\nWho is at risk of vitamin D deficiency?\nSome people are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency:\n• Breastfed infants, because human milk is a poor source of vitamin D. If you are breastfeeding, give your infant a supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D every day.\n• Older adults, because your skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as when you were young, and your kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form.\n• People with dark skin, which has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun.\n• People with conditions that make it difficult to absorb nutrients from food, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease.\n• People who have obesity, because their body fat binds to some vitamin D and prevents it from getting into the blood.\n• People who have had gastric bypass surgery, a type of weight loss surgery which creates a bypass of part of the small intestine. Since vitamin D is absorbed there, bypassing part of it makes it harder to absorb enough vitamin D.\n• People with chronic kidney or liver disease, which can affect your ability to change vitamin D into a form your body can use.\n• People who take medicines that affect vitamin D levels, including certain cholesterol, anti-seizure, steroid, and weight-loss medicines.\nTalk with your provider if you are at risk for vitamin D deficiency. There is a blood test that can measure how much vitamin D is in your body.\nWhat problems does vitamin D deficiency cause?\nVitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of bone density, which can contribute to osteoporosis and fractures (broken bones).\nSevere vitamin D deficiency can also lead to other diseases:\n• In children, it can cause rickets. Rickets is a rare disease that causes the bones to become soft and bend. African American infants and children are at higher risk of getting rickets.\n• In adults, severe vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia. Osteomalacia causes weak bones, bone pain, and muscle weakness.\nHow can I get more vitamin D?\nThere are a few foods that naturally have some vitamin D:\n• Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel\n• Beef liver\n• Cheese\n• Mushrooms\n• Egg yolks\nYou can also get vitamin D from fortified foods. You can check the food labels to find out whether a food has vitamin D. Foods that often have added vitamin D include:\n• Milk\n• Breakfast cereals\n• Orange juice\n• Other dairy products, such as yogurt\n• Soy drinks\nVitamin D is in many multivitamins. There are also vitamin D supplements, both in pills and in a liquid for babies.\nIf you have vitamin D deficiency, the treatment is with supplements. Check with your provider about how much you need to take, how often you need to take it, and how long you need to take it.\nCan too much vitamin D be harmful?\nGetting too much vitamin D (known as vitamin D toxicity) can be harmful. Signs of toxicity include nausea and vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness, and weight loss.\nVery high levels of vitamin D can damage the kidneys. It also raises the level of calcium in your blood. High levels of blood calcium (hypercalcemia) can cause confusion, kidney failure, and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).\nMost cases of vitamin D toxicity happen when someone overuses vitamin D supplements. You cannot get too much vitamin D from sun exposure because the skin limits the amount of vitamin D it makes.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Deficiencia de vitamina D","text":"¿Qué es la deficiencia de vitamina D?\nLa deficiencia de vitamina D significa que su cuerpo no está recibiendo suficiente vitamina D para mantenerse saludable.\n¿Por qué necesito vitamina D y cómo la consigo?\nLa vitamina D ayuda al cuerpo a absorber el calcio. El calcio es uno de los principales componentes de los huesos. La vitamina D también juega un rol en su sistema nervioso, muscular e inmunitario.\nUsted puede obtener vitamina D de tres maneras: A través de su piel, su dieta y suplementos. Su cuerpo produce vitamina D naturalmente después de exponerse a la luz del sol. Pero demasiada exposición al sol puede ocasionar envejecimiento de la piel y cáncer de piel, por lo que muchas personas buscan obtener su vitamina D de otras fuentes.\n¿Cuánta vitamina D necesito?\nLa cantidad de vitamina D que necesita cada día depende de su edad. Las cantidades recomendadas, en unidades internacionales (UI), son:\n• Nacimiento hasta 12 meses: 400 UI\n• Niños entre uno y 13 años: 600 UI\n• Adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años: 600 UI\n• Adultos de 19 a 70 años: 600 UI\n• Adultos mayores de 71 años: 800 UI\n• Mujeres embarazadas y lactando: 600 UI\nLas personas con alto riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D pueden necesitar más. Consulte a con su profesional de la salud sobre cuánto necesita.\n¿Qué causa la deficiencia de vitamina D?\nPuede ser que usted no tenga suficiente vitamina D por diferentes razones:\n• No recibe suficiente vitamina D en su dieta\n• No absorbe suficiente vitamina D de los alimentos (un problema de malabsorción)\n• No recibe suficiente exposición a la luz solar\n• Su hígado o sus riñones no pueden convertir la vitamina D en su forma activa en el cuerpo\n• Toma medicamentos que interfieren con la capacidad del cuerpo para convertir o absorber vitamina D\n¿Quién está en riesgo de carencia de vitamina D?\nAlgunas personas corren un mayor riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D:\n• Bebés amamantando, porque la leche humana no es una buena fuente de vitamina D. Si está amamantando, dele a su bebé un suplemento de 400 UI de vitamina D todos los días\n• Adultos mayores, porque su piel no produce vitamina D cuando toman sol tan eficientemente como cuando eran jóvenes, y sus riñones son menos capaces de convertir la vitamina D a su forma activa\n• Personas de piel oscura porque tienen menos capacidad de producir vitamina D del sol\n• Personas con afecciones que dificultan la absorción de nutrientes de los alimentos, como la enfermedad de Crohn, la colitis ulcerosa y enfermedad celíaca\n• Personas que tienen obesidad porque su grasa corporal se une a un poco de vitamina D y le impide entrar en la sangre\n• Personas que se han sometido a una cirugía de derivación gástrica, un tipo de operación para bajar de peso que crea una vía directa hacia el intestino delgado. Dado que la vitamina D se absorbe allí, la derivación hace que sea más difícil absorber suficiente vitamina D\n• Personas con enfermedad renal o hepática crónica, lo que puede afectar su capacidad para convertir la vitamina D en una forma que el cuerpo pueda usar\n• Personas que toman medicamentos que afectan los niveles de vitamina D, incluyendo ciertos medicamentos para el colesterol, anticonvulsivos, corticoides y para bajar de peso\nHable con su profesional de la salud si está en riesgo de padecer deficiencia de vitamina D. Un análisis de sangre puede medir la cantidad de vitamina D en su cuerpo.\n¿Qué problemas causa la deficiencia de vitamina D?\nLa carencia de vitamina D puede conducir a una pérdida de densidad ósea, lo que puede llevar a sufrir osteoporosis y fracturas (huesos rotos).\nLa deficiencia grave de vitamina D también puede causar otras enfermedades:\n• En niños, puede causar raquitismo. El raquitismo es una enfermedad rara que hace que los huesos se ablanden y se doblen. Los bebés y niños afrodescendientes tienen un mayor riesgo de tener raquitismo\n• En adultos, la deficiencia grave de vitamina D provoca osteomalacia. La osteomalacia causa huesos débiles, dolor óseo y debilidad muscular\n¿Cómo puedo obtener más vitamina D?\nHay algunos alimentos que naturalmente tienen algo de vitamina D:\n• Pescados grasos como el salmón, el atún y la caballa\n• Hígado de res\n• Queso\n• Hongos\n• Yema de huevo\nTambién puede obtener vitamina D de alimentos fortificados. Puede buscar en las etiquetas de los alimentos para saber si un alimento tiene vitamina D. Los alimentos a los que a menudo se le añaden vitamina D incluyen:\n• Leche\n• Cereales de desayuno\n• Jugo de naranja\n• Otros productos lácteos, como el yogur\n• Bebidas de soja\nLa vitamina D está en muchos multivitamínicos. También hay suplementos de vitamina D, tanto en pastillas como en líquido para bebés.\nSi usted tiene deficiencia de vitamina D, se trata con suplementos. Consulte con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuánto necesita tomar, la frecuencia con la que debe tomarlos y por cuánto tiempo.\n¿Puede demasiada vitamina D ser dañina?\nObtener demasiada vitamina D (conocida como toxicidad por vitamina D) puede ser perjudicial. Los signos de toxicidad incluyen náuseas y vómitos, falta de apetito, estreñimiento, debilidad y pérdida de peso.\nNiveles muy altos de vitamina D pueden dañar los riñones. También eleva el nivel de calcio en la sangre. Los altos niveles de calcio en la sangre (hipercalcemia) pueden causar confusión, insuficiencia renal y latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia).\nLa mayoría de los casos de toxicidad por vitamina D ocurren cuando una persona abusa de los suplementos de vitamina D. No se puede obtener un exceso de vitamina D de la exposición al sol porque su piel limita la cantidad de vitamina D que produce.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0147","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"calcium-deficiency-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/calcium-deficiency-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E58","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5B5K.1Z","display":"Calcium deficiency, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/393562786/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#393562786/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deficit de calciu din alimentație","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نقص الكالسيوم الغذائي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatek vápníku ve stravě","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Kalziummangel durch die Ernährung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διατροφική ανεπάρκεια ασβεστίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Déficit de calcio en la dieta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carence alimentaire en calcium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आहार में कैल्शियम की कमी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Táplálkozási kalciumhiány","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carenza di calcio nella dieta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"食事性カルシウム欠乏症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"식이성 칼슘 결핍증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedobór wapnia w diecie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deficiência de cálcio na dieta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Алиментарный дефицит кальция","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nedostatok vápnika v strave","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diyetle kalsiyum eksikliği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аліментарний дефіцит кальцію","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"膳食钙缺乏","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dietary calcium deficiency","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Calcium","text":"What is calcium and why do I need it?\nCalcium is a mineral, a nutrient that you need (in small amounts) to keep your body healthy. You have more calcium in your body than any other mineral.\nCalcium has many important jobs:\n• To build and maintain strong bones. Your body stores almost all of its calcium in your bones and teeth to keep them strong.\n• To help your muscles move.\n• To help your nerves to carry messages between your brain and the rest of your body.\n• To help your blood vessels move blood throughout your body.\n• To help release hormones that affect many functions in your body.\nNot getting enough calcium can cause several conditions, including:\n• Osteoporosis, a disease which can make your bones weaker and more likely to break.\n• Rickets, a disease in children that causes soft, weak bones.\n• Osteomalacia, a condition which causes soft bones in children and adults.\nHow do I get calcium?\nYou can get calcium from foods and supplements. You may be able to get enough calcium by eating a variety of foods, including:\n• Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. These are the main food sources of calcium for most people in the United States.\n• Leafy, green vegetables such as kale, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage (bok choi).\n• Fish with soft bones that you can eat, such as canned sardines and salmon.\n• Calcium-enriched foods such as breakfast cereals, fruit juices, soy and rice drinks, and tofu. The product labels for these foods will show how much calcium they have.\nCalcium is available in supplements. It is also included in many multivitamins. The two main forms of calcium supplements are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate:\n• Calcium carbonate is absorbed best when taken with food. Some over-the-counter antacids, such as Tums and Rolaids, also contain calcium carbonate.\n• Calcium citrate is absorbed well on an empty stomach or a full stomach. People with low levels of stomach acid absorb calcium citrate more easily than calcium carbonate.\nCalcium is absorbed best when you take 500 mg or less at one time. If you are taking more than that amount each day, take a smaller dose twice a day rather than taking it all at once.\nCalcium supplements might cause gas, bloating, and constipation in some people. If you have any of these symptoms, you could try:\n• Spreading out the calcium dose throughout the day\n• Taking it with meals\n• Switching the form of calcium you take\nHow much calcium do I need?\nThe amount of calcium you need each day depends on your age and other factors. The recommended amounts, in milligrams (mg), are:\n• Birth to 6 months: 200 mg\n• Infants 7-12 months: 260 mg\n• Children 1-3 years: 700 mg\n• Children 4-8 years: 1,000 mg\n• Children 9-13 years: 1,300 mg\n• Teens 14-18 years: 1,300 mg\n• Adults 19-50 years: 1,000 mg\n• Adult men 51-70 years: 1,000 mg\n• Adult women 51-70 years: 1,200 mg\n• Adults 71 years and older: 1,200 mg\n• Pregnant and breastfeeding teens: 1,300 mg\n• Pregnant and breastfeeding adults: 1,000 mg\nCertain people may have trouble getting enough calcium, including:\n• Children and teens age 4 to 18 years\n• People who are Black or Asian\n• Adults age 50 years and older living in poverty\n• Postmenopausal women; your body absorbs and retains less calcium after menopause\n• People who don't drink milk or eat other dairy products\nCheck with your health care provider to see if you need to take calcium supplements, and if so, how much you should take. Your provider may want to first do a calcium blood test to see if you are getting enough of it.\nNIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Calcio","text":"¿Qué es el calcio y por qué lo necesito?\nEl calcio es un mineral, un nutriente que usted necesita (en cantidades pequeñas) para mantener su cuerpo sano. Usted tiene más calcio en su cuerpo que cualquier otro mineral.\nEl calcio tiene muchas funciones importantes:\n• Desarrollar y mantener huesos sanos. Su cuerpo almacena casi todo su calcio en los huesos y dientes para mantenerlos fuertes\n• Ayudar a sus músculos a moverse\n• Ayudar a los nervios a llevar mensajes entre su cerebro y el resto de su cuerpo\n• Ayudar a sus vasos sanguíneos a llevar la sangre a través de su cuerpo\n• Ayudar a liberar hormonas que afectan muchas funciones de su cuerpo\nNo consumir suficiente calcio puede causar afecciones serias, incluyendo:\n• Osteoporosis, una afección que hace que sus huesos se debiliten y tengan más probabilidades de romperse\n• Raquitismo, una afección en niños que causa huesos suaves y débiles\n• Osteomalacia, una afección que causa huesos suaves en niños y adultos\n¿Cómo puedo obtener calcio?\nUsted puede obtener calcio de alimentos y suplementos. Usted puede obtener suficiente calcio al comer una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo:\n• Productos lácteos como leche, queso y yogur. Estas son las principales fuentes de calcio para la mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos\n• Vegetales de hojas verdes, como col rizada, brócoli, repollo chino (bok choi)\n• Pescado con huesos suaves que puede comer, como sardinas y salmón enlatados\n• Alimentos enriquecidos con calcio, como cereales para el desayuno, jugos de fruta, bebidas de soya y arroz y tofu. Las etiquetas de los productos de estos alimentos le mostrarán cuánto calcio contienen\nEl calcio está disponible en suplementos. También se incluye con muchos multivitamínicos. Las dos formas principales de suplementos de calcio son el carbonato de calcio y citrato de calcio:\n• Carbonato de calcio se absorbe mejor cuando se toma con alimento. Algunos antiácidos que se venden sin receta médica, como Tums y Rolaids, también contienen carbonato de calcio\n• Citrato de calcio se absorbe mejor con el estómago vacío o el estómago lleno. Las personas con niveles bajos de ácido estomacal absorben el citrato de calcio más fácilmente que el carbonato de calcio\nEl calcio se absorbe mejor cuando toma 500 mg o menos a la vez. Si está tomando más de esta cantidad a diario, tome una dosis más pequeña dos veces al día en lugar de tomarlo todo a la vez.\nLos suplementos de calcio pueden causar gas, hinchazón y estreñimiento en algunas personas. Si usted tiene algunos de estos síntomas, puede intentar:\n• Dividir su dosis de calcio durante el día\n• Tomarlo durante las comidas\n• Cambiar la forma en que toma el calcio\n¿Cuánto calcio necesito tomar?\nLa cantidad de calcio que usted necesita depende de su edad y otros factores. La cantidad recomendada en miligramos (mg) son:\n• Del nacimiento a 6 meses: 200 mg\n• Infantes de 7 a 12 meses: 260 mg\n• Niños de 1 a 3 años: 700 mg\n• Niños de 4 a 8 años: 1,000 mg\n• Niños de 9 a 13 años: 1,300 mg\n• Adolescentes de 14 a 18 años: 1,300 mg\n• Adultos de 19 a 50 años: 1,000 mg\n• Hombres adultos de 51 a 70 años: 1,000 mg\n• Mujeres adultas de 51 a 70 años: 1,200 mg\n• Adultos de 71 años o más: 1,200 mg\n• Adolescentes embarazadas y en lactancia: 1,300 mg\n• Adultas embarazadas y en lactancia: 1,000 mg\nCiertas personas pueden tener problemas para obtener suficiente calcio, incluyendo:\n• Niños y adolescentes de 4 a 18 años\n• Personas que son afrodescendientes o asiáticas\n• Adultos de 50 años o más que viven en la pobreza\n• Mujeres postmenopáusicas; su cuerpo absorbe y retiene menos calcio después de la menopausia\n• Personas que no toman leche o no comen productos lácteos\nPregunte a su profesional de la salud si necesita tomar suplementos de calcio y, si es así, cuánto debe tomar. Su profesional de la salud puede pedir una prueba de calcio en la sangre para saber si está obteniendo lo suficiente.\nNIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0148","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"localised-fat-deposits","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/localised-fat-deposits","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E65","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5B80.1","display":"Localised adiposity","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1347139472","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1347139472"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Localised adiposity","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Localised fat deposits","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Adipozitate localizată","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تراكم الدهون الموضعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lokalizovaná otylost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lokalisierte Fettansammlung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοπική εναπόθεση λίπους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Adiposidad localizada","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Adiposité localisée","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्थानीय वसा का जमाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Helyi zsírfelhalmozódás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Adiposità localizzata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"限局性脂肪沈着","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"국소 지방 축적","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Miejscowe nagromadzenie tkanki tłuszczowej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Adiposidade localizada","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Локальное отложение жира","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lokalizovaná obezita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bölgesel yağlanma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Локальне відкладення жиру","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"局部脂肪堆积","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0149","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"obesity-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/obesity-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E66","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Obezitate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السمنة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Obezita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Adipositas (Fettleibigkeit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παχυσαρκία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Obesidad","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Obésité","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मोटापा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Elhízás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Obesità","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肥満症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비만","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Otyłość","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Obesidade","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ожирение","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Obezita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Obezite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ожиріння","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肥胖症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Obesity","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Body Weight","text":"What is body weight?\nBody weight is the total mass of your body. Keeping track of your weight is one way to check for changes in your health, but it can't tell you the whole story. That's because your weight includes muscle, bone, fat, and water. Also, everyday factors can play a role in your weight, such as your:\n• Diet\n• Activity level\n• Stress level\n• Sleep habits\n• Family history and genetics\n• Age\nWhat factors help determine a healthy body weight?\nA healthy weight is more than just a number on the scale. It's about feeling good, having energy, and lowering your risk of disease. Your health care provider can help you determine a healthy body weight based on several factors. These include your:\n• Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is a measure of how much you weigh compared to how tall you are. The higher your BMI, the higher your risk for certain diseases. BMI does not distinguish between fat, muscle, and bone mass. It also may overestimate body fat in athletes or those with a muscular build, or underestimate body fat in older persons or others who have lost muscle.\n• Waist circumference. If most of your body fat is around your abdomen (belly) rather than your hips, you may be at a higher risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes.\n• Health history. Your health care provider will likely consider your risk factors for diseases and health conditions, such as having high cholesterol, in determining your healthy body weight.\nWhat are body weight ranges?\nHaving a healthy body weight may lower your chance of developing certain health problems. Carrying too much or too little weight can affect your health. Ranges of body weight include:\n• Underweight. Your weight is lower than it should be for your health.\n• Normal. Your weight is within a healthy range.\n• Overweight. Your weight is greater than it should be for your health.\n• Obese. Your body fat is greater than it should be for your health.\nBody weight needs can be different at different ages. For children, weight and growth are tracked over time based on their age. For older adults, keeping muscle and strength is key, and sudden weight loss should always be checked by your provider.\nWhat if I have a sudden gain or loss of weight?\nTalk to your provider if you're losing or gaining weight without trying. A sudden, unexpected change in weight can be a sign of a medical problem.\nCauses for sudden weight loss can include:\n• Thyroid problems\n• Cancer\n• Infectious diseases\n• Digestive diseases\n• Certain medicines\nCauses for sudden weight gain can include:\n• Certain medicines\n• Thyroid problems\n• Heart failure\n• Kidney disease\n• Liver disease\nHow can I maintain a healthy body weight?\nMaintaining a healthy body weight can improve energy, sleep, and overall wellbeing. Talk to your provider about what a healthy weight would be for you. If they recommend that you gain or lose weight, they might refer you to a dietician for support. A dietician is a professional who has special training to help you learn the best way to eat.\n• Good nutrition and exercise can help in losing weight. Even a small change in weight can lower your risk of developing certain diseases.\n• Eating extra calories within a well-balanced diet and treating any underlying medical problems can help you gain weight.\nFocus on your health, not just the number on the scale. With daily healthy habits and self-compassion, you can support lasting improvements in your overall wellbeing.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bodyweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Peso corporal","text":"¿Qué es el peso corporal?\nEl peso corporal es la masa total de su cuerpo. Es una forma de comprobar si hay cambios en su salud, pero no puede contarle toda la historia. Esto se debe a que su peso incluye músculos, huesos, grasa y agua. Además, factores cotidianos pueden influir en su peso, como:\n• Dieta\n• Nivel de actividad\n• Nivel de estrés\n• Hábitos de sueño\n• Antecedentes familiares y genética\n• Edad\n¿Qué factores determinan un peso corporal saludable?\nUn peso saludable es más que un simple número en la báscula. Se trata de sentirse bien, tener energía y reducir el riesgo de enfermedades. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudarle a determinar un peso corporal saludable basándose en varios factores. Estos incluyen:\n• Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC): El IMC mide el peso en comparación con la altura. Cuanto mayor sea el IMC, mayor será el riesgo de padecer ciertas enfermedades. El IMC no distingue entre grasa, músculo y masa ósea. También puede sobreestimar la grasa corporal en deportistas o personas con complexión musculosa, o subestimarla en personas mayores o que han perdido masa muscular\n• Circunferencia de la cintura: Circunferencia de la cintura: Si la mayor parte de su grasa corporal se concentra en el abdomen (vientre) en lugar de las caderas, podría tener un mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardíacas y diabetes tipo 2\n• Historial médico: Su profesional de la salud probablemente considerará sus factores de riesgo de enfermedades y afecciones, como el colesterol alto, para determinar su peso corporal saludable\n¿Cuáles son los rangos de peso corporal?\nUn peso corporal saludable puede reducir la probabilidad de desarrollar ciertos problemas de salud. Tener demasiado o muy poco peso puede afectar su salud. Los rangos de peso corporal incluyen:\n• Bajo peso: Su peso es inferior al que debería ser para su salud\n• Normal: Su peso está dentro de un rango saludable\n• Sobrepeso: Su peso es más elevado de lo que debería ser para su salud\n• Obeso: Su grasa corporal es más elevada de lo que debería ser para su salud\nLas necesidades de peso corporal pueden variar según la edad. En el caso de los niños, el peso y el crecimiento se controlan a lo largo del tiempo según su edad. En el caso de los adultos mayores, es fundamental mantener la masa muscular y la fuerza, y cualquier pérdida de peso repentina siempre debe ser evaluada por su profesional de la salud.\n¿Qué pasa si subo o pierdo peso repentinamente?\nHable con su profesional de la salud si está perdiendo o aumentando de peso sin intentarlo. Un cambio repentino e inesperado de peso puede ser una señal de un problema médico.\nLas causas de pérdida de peso repentino pueden incluir:\n• Problemas de la tiroides\n• Cáncer\n• Enfermedades infecciosas\n• Enfermedades digestivas\n• Ciertos medicamentos\nLas causas de aumento de peso repentino pueden incluir:\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Problemas de la tiroides\n• Insuficiencia cardíaca\n• Enfermedad renal\n• Enfermedad hepática\n¿Cómo puedo mantener un peso corporal saludable?\nMantener un peso corporal saludable puede mejorar la energía, el sueño y el bienestar general. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cuál sería su peso ideal. Si le recomienda subir o bajar de peso, podría referirlo a un dietista para que le brinde apoyo. Un dietista es un profesional con formación especializada para ayudarle a aprender la mejor manera de comer.\n• Una buena nutrición y ejercicio puede ayudarle a adelgazar. Incluso un pequeño cambio de peso puede reducir el riesgo de desarrollar ciertas enfermedades\n• Comer calorías adicionales dentro de una dieta bien balanceada y tratar cualquier problema médico subyacente puede ayudarle a incrementar su peso.\nConcéntrese en su salud, no sólo en el número de la báscula. Con hábitos saludables diarios y autocompasión, usted puede contribuir a mejoras duraderas en su bienestar general.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodyweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0150","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"excess-intake-of-vitamins-or-nutrients","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/excess-intake-of-vitamins-or-nutrients","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E67","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Excess intake of vitamins or nutrients","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aport excesiv de vitamine sau nutrienți","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإفراط في تناول الفيتامينات أو المغذيات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nadměrný příjem vitaminů nebo živin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Überversorgung mit Vitaminen oder Nährstoffen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερβολική πρόσληψη βιταμινών ή θρεπτικών συστατικών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ingesta excesiva de vitaminas o nutrientes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Apport excessif de vitamines ou de nutriments","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"विटामिन या पोषक तत्वों का अधिक सेवन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vitaminok vagy tápanyagok túlzott bevitele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eccesso di vitamine o nutrienti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ビタミン・栄養素の過剰摂取","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비타민 또는 영양소 과잉 섭취","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadmierne spożycie witamin lub składników odżywczych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ingestão excessiva de vitaminas ou nutrientes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Избыточное потребление витаминов или питательных веществ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nadmerný príjem vitamínov alebo živín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aşırı vitamin veya besin alımı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Надмірне споживання вітамінів або поживних речовин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"维生素或营养素摄入过量","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nutrition","text":"What is nutrition?\nGood nutrition means choosing foods and drinks that support your health. It involves regularly eating healthy foods that give your body the energy and nutrients it needs every day. Nutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Healthy eating can look different depending on your preferences, cultural traditions, and budget.\nWhy is good nutrition important?\nGood nutrition helps keep you healthy throughout your life, whether you are a baby, toddler, child, adult, or older adult. It can help you:\n• Stay at a healthy weight. Choosing balanced foods and drinks can help you reach and stay at a healthy weight.\n• Lower your risk of serious health problems. Healthy eating reduces the risk of health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some cancers.\n• Keep your heart healthy. Eating heart-healthy foods can help reduce blood pressure and heart disease.\n• Improve your mood. Nutritious foods can help improve your mood and help you feel better.\n• Support growth and keep your body working well. That's because nutrients are essential for your body to grow, repair tissues, and stay healthy.\nDoes good nutrition mean following a strict diet?\nYou don't need a strict diet to eat well. You can enjoy a wide variety of foods, including some favorites that may be less healthy. The key is not to eat too much of those foods or have them too often. You can balance them with healthier choices and regular physical activity.\nWhat are the keys to good nutrition?\nGood nutrition isn't one-size-fits all. There's no single diet or calorie amount that works for everyone. Your needs depend on your age, sex, activity level, health conditions, and health goals. You can ask your health care provider about a diet that works for you. They may refer you to a dietician for specialized recommendations.\nIn general, a healthy eating plan includes:\n• Eating a variety of foods, including lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain products\n• Choosing lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, and low-fat dairy products\n• Getting enough fiber\n• Drinking plenty of water\n• Limiting salt, added sugars, alcohol, and saturated fat\n• Making sure that you get enough nutrients, especially calcium, vitamin D, and potassium\n• Using dietary supplements to complement, not replace, a healthy diet\nWhat are some tips for planning healthy meals?\nPlanning before you shop for food can make it easier to stick to healthy eating. Here are a few tips:\n• Shop for fresh, frozen, and minimally processed foods\n• Use online recipes or cookbooks to plan healthy meals\n• Follow safe food handling, cooking, and storage steps to prevent foodborne illness\n• Read food labels\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Nutrición","text":"¿Qué es la nutrición?\nUna buena nutrición significa elegir alimentos y bebidas que favorezcan su salud. Esto implica consumir regularmente alimentos saludables que le proporcionen a su cuerpo la energía y los nutrientes que necesita todos los días. Los nutrientes incluyen proteínas, carbohidratos, grasas, vitaminas, minerales y agua. La alimentación saludable puede ser diferente según sus preferencias, tradiciones culturales y presupuesto.\n¿Por qué es importante una buena nutrición?\nUna buena nutrición ayuda a mantener una buena salud durante toda la vida, ya sea en bebés, niños pequeños, niños, adultos y personas mayores. La nutrición puede ayudar a:\n• Mantener un peso saludable. Elegir alimentos y bebidas equilibrados ayuda a alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable\n• Reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud graves. Una alimentación saludable reduce el riesgo de problemas de salud, como enfermedades cardíacas, diabetes tipo 2, obesidad y algunos tipos de cáncer\n• Mantener el corazón sano. Comer alimentos saludables para el corazón puede ayudar a reducir la presión arterial y proteger el corazón\n• Mejorar el estado de ánimo. Los alimentos nutritivos ayudan a mejorar su estado de ánimo y hacerle sentir mejor\n• Favorecer el crecimiento y mantener el buen funcionamiento del cuerpo. Esto se debe a que los nutrientes son esenciales para que el cuerpo crezca, repare los tejidos y se mantenga saludable\n¿Tener una buena nutrición significa seguir una dieta estricta?\nNo es necesario seguir una dieta estricta para alimentarse bien. Puede disfrutar de una gran variedad de alimentos, incluso algunos de sus favoritos que sean menos saludables. La clave es no comer demasiado de esos alimentos ni consumirlos con tanta frecuencia. Es posible equilibrarlos con opciones más saludables y actividad física regular.\n¿Cuáles son las claves para una buena nutrición?\nNo existe una dieta única ni una cantidad de calorías que funcione para todas las personas. Sus necesidades dependen de su edad, sexo, nivel de actividad, estado de salud y objetivos de salud. Puede preguntarle a su profesional de la salud sobre una dieta que sea adecuada para usted. Es posible que lo remita a un dietista para obtener recomendaciones especializadas.\nEn general, un plan de alimentación saludable incluye:\n• Comer una variedad de alimentos, incluidos muchos vegetales, frutas y productos integrales\n• Elegir carnes magras, aves, pescado, frijoles y productos lácteos bajos en grasa\n• Consumir suficiente fibra\n• Beber mucha agua\n• Limitar la sal, los azúcares añadidos, el alcohol y las grasas saturadas\n• Asegurarse de obtener suficientes nutrientes, en especial calcio, vitamina D y potasio\n• Usar suplementos alimenticios para complementar, no reemplazar, una alimentación saludable\n¿Cuáles son algunos consejos para planificar comidas saludables?\nPlanificar antes de comprar alimentos ayuda a que sea más fácil mantener una alimentación saludable. Estos son algunos consejos:\n• Comprar alimentos frescos, congelados y mínimamente procesados\n• Usar recetas en línea o libros de cocina para planificar comidas saludables\n• Seguir las medidas adecuadas de seguridad en la manipulación, cocción y almacenamiento de los alimentos para evitar enfermedades transmitidas por estos\n• Leer las etiquetas de los alimentos\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0151","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"after-effects-of-excess-nutrition","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/after-effects-of-excess-nutrition","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E68","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5C1Z","display":"Overweight, obesity or specific nutrient excesses, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1492142148/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1492142148/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"After-effects of excess nutrition","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sechele ale supraalimentației","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عقابيل الإفراط الغذائي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Následky nadměrné výživy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Folgen der Überernährung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κατάλοιπα υπερσιτισμού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Secuelas de sobrealimentación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Séquelles de suralimentation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अधिक पोषण के बाद के प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A túltáplálás következményei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Postumi di iperalimentazione","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"過栄養の続発症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"과영양 후유증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Następstwa przekarmienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sequelas de hiperalimentação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Последствия избыточного питания","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Následky nadmernej výživy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aşırı beslenme sekelleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Наслідки надмірного харчування","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"营养过度后遗症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nutrition","text":"What is nutrition?\nGood nutrition means choosing foods and drinks that support your health. It involves regularly eating healthy foods that give your body the energy and nutrients it needs every day. Nutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Healthy eating can look different depending on your preferences, cultural traditions, and budget.\nWhy is good nutrition important?\nGood nutrition helps keep you healthy throughout your life, whether you are a baby, toddler, child, adult, or older adult. It can help you:\n• Stay at a healthy weight. Choosing balanced foods and drinks can help you reach and stay at a healthy weight.\n• Lower your risk of serious health problems. Healthy eating reduces the risk of health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some cancers.\n• Keep your heart healthy. Eating heart-healthy foods can help reduce blood pressure and heart disease.\n• Improve your mood. Nutritious foods can help improve your mood and help you feel better.\n• Support growth and keep your body working well. That's because nutrients are essential for your body to grow, repair tissues, and stay healthy.\nDoes good nutrition mean following a strict diet?\nYou don't need a strict diet to eat well. You can enjoy a wide variety of foods, including some favorites that may be less healthy. The key is not to eat too much of those foods or have them too often. You can balance them with healthier choices and regular physical activity.\nWhat are the keys to good nutrition?\nGood nutrition isn't one-size-fits all. There's no single diet or calorie amount that works for everyone. Your needs depend on your age, sex, activity level, health conditions, and health goals. You can ask your health care provider about a diet that works for you. They may refer you to a dietician for specialized recommendations.\nIn general, a healthy eating plan includes:\n• Eating a variety of foods, including lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain products\n• Choosing lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, and low-fat dairy products\n• Getting enough fiber\n• Drinking plenty of water\n• Limiting salt, added sugars, alcohol, and saturated fat\n• Making sure that you get enough nutrients, especially calcium, vitamin D, and potassium\n• Using dietary supplements to complement, not replace, a healthy diet\nWhat are some tips for planning healthy meals?\nPlanning before you shop for food can make it easier to stick to healthy eating. Here are a few tips:\n• Shop for fresh, frozen, and minimally processed foods\n• Use online recipes or cookbooks to plan healthy meals\n• Follow safe food handling, cooking, and storage steps to prevent foodborne illness\n• Read food labels\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Nutrición","text":"¿Qué es la nutrición?\nUna buena nutrición significa elegir alimentos y bebidas que favorezcan su salud. Esto implica consumir regularmente alimentos saludables que le proporcionen a su cuerpo la energía y los nutrientes que necesita todos los días. Los nutrientes incluyen proteínas, carbohidratos, grasas, vitaminas, minerales y agua. La alimentación saludable puede ser diferente según sus preferencias, tradiciones culturales y presupuesto.\n¿Por qué es importante una buena nutrición?\nUna buena nutrición ayuda a mantener una buena salud durante toda la vida, ya sea en bebés, niños pequeños, niños, adultos y personas mayores. La nutrición puede ayudar a:\n• Mantener un peso saludable. Elegir alimentos y bebidas equilibrados ayuda a alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable\n• Reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud graves. Una alimentación saludable reduce el riesgo de problemas de salud, como enfermedades cardíacas, diabetes tipo 2, obesidad y algunos tipos de cáncer\n• Mantener el corazón sano. Comer alimentos saludables para el corazón puede ayudar a reducir la presión arterial y proteger el corazón\n• Mejorar el estado de ánimo. Los alimentos nutritivos ayudan a mejorar su estado de ánimo y hacerle sentir mejor\n• Favorecer el crecimiento y mantener el buen funcionamiento del cuerpo. Esto se debe a que los nutrientes son esenciales para que el cuerpo crezca, repare los tejidos y se mantenga saludable\n¿Tener una buena nutrición significa seguir una dieta estricta?\nNo es necesario seguir una dieta estricta para alimentarse bien. Puede disfrutar de una gran variedad de alimentos, incluso algunos de sus favoritos que sean menos saludables. La clave es no comer demasiado de esos alimentos ni consumirlos con tanta frecuencia. Es posible equilibrarlos con opciones más saludables y actividad física regular.\n¿Cuáles son las claves para una buena nutrición?\nNo existe una dieta única ni una cantidad de calorías que funcione para todas las personas. Sus necesidades dependen de su edad, sexo, nivel de actividad, estado de salud y objetivos de salud. Puede preguntarle a su profesional de la salud sobre una dieta que sea adecuada para usted. Es posible que lo remita a un dietista para obtener recomendaciones especializadas.\nEn general, un plan de alimentación saludable incluye:\n• Comer una variedad de alimentos, incluidos muchos vegetales, frutas y productos integrales\n• Elegir carnes magras, aves, pescado, frijoles y productos lácteos bajos en grasa\n• Consumir suficiente fibra\n• Beber mucha agua\n• Limitar la sal, los azúcares añadidos, el alcohol y las grasas saturadas\n• Asegurarse de obtener suficientes nutrientes, en especial calcio, vitamina D y potasio\n• Usar suplementos alimenticios para complementar, no reemplazar, una alimentación saludable\n¿Cuáles son algunos consejos para planificar comidas saludables?\nPlanificar antes de comprar alimentos ayuda a que sea más fácil mantener una alimentación saludable. Estos son algunos consejos:\n• Comprar alimentos frescos, congelados y mínimamente procesados\n• Usar recetas en línea o libros de cocina para planificar comidas saludables\n• Seguir las medidas adecuadas de seguridad en la manipulación, cocción y almacenamiento de los alimentos para evitar enfermedades transmitidas por estos\n• Leer las etiquetas de los alimentos\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0152","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"disorders-of-amino-acid-metabolism","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/disorders-of-amino-acid-metabolism","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E72","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5C50.Z","display":"Inborn errors of amino acid or other organic acid metabolism, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1324115669/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1324115669/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Disorders of amino-acid metabolism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale metabolismului aminoacizilor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات استقلاب الأحماض الأمينية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy metabolismu aminokyselin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen des Aminosäurestoffwechsels","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του μεταβολισμού των αμινοξέων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du métabolisme des acides aminés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अमीनो एसिड चयापचय के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aminosav-anyagcserezavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del metabolismo degli aminoacidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アミノ酸代謝障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아미노산 대사 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia metabolizmu aminokwasów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do metabolismo dos aminoácidos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения обмена аминокислот","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy metabolizmu aminokyselín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amino asit metabolizması bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення обміну амінокислот","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"氨基酸代谢紊乱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders","text":"Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Your digestive system breaks the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body. If you have a metabolic disorder, something goes wrong with this process.\nOne group of these disorders is amino acid metabolism disorders. They include phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease. Amino acids are \"building blocks\" that join together to form proteins. If you have one of these disorders, your body may have trouble breaking down certain amino acids. Or there may be a problem getting the amino acids into your cells. These problems cause a buildup of harmful substances in your body. That can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening, health problems.\nThese disorders are usually inherited. A baby who is born with one may not have any symptoms right away. Because the disorders can be so serious, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Newborn babies get screened for many of them, using blood tests.\nTreatments may include special diets, medicines, and supplements. Some babies may also need additional treatments if there are complications.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos","text":"El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Su sistema digestivo descompone la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en su cuerpo. Si usted tiene un trastorno metabólico, tiene un problema en este proceso.\nUn grupo de estos problemas son los trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos. Estos incluyen la fenilcetonuria y la enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce. Los aminoácidos son los \"bloques de construcción\" que se unen para formar proteínas. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, su cuerpo puede tener problemas para descomponer ciertos aminoácidos, o puede haber un problema para que los aminoácidos ingresen a las células. Estos problemas causan una acumulación de sustancias nocivas en su cuerpo. Eso puede conducir a problemas de salud graves e incluso mortales.\nUsualmente, estos trastornos se heredan. Un bebé que nace con uno de estos trastornos puede no mostrar ningún síntoma. Debido a que los trastornos pueden ser muy graves, el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano es crítico. Muchos de los bebés recién nacidos se someten a pruebas mediante análisis de sangre.\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, medicamentos y suplementos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales si hay complicaciones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0153","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lactose-intolerance","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lactose-intolerance","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E73","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lactose Intolerance","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intolerancia a la lactosa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Intoleranță la lactoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدم تحمل اللاكتوز","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Intolerance laktózy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Laktoseintoleranz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσανεξία στη λακτόζη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Intolérance au lactose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लैक्टोज़ असहिष्णुता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Laktózérzékenység","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Intolleranza al lattosio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"乳糖不耐症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"유당불내증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nietolerancja laktozy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Intolerância à lactose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Непереносимость лактозы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Intolerancia laktózy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Laktoz intoleransı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Непереносимість лактози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"乳糖不耐受","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Dairy product intolerance"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lactase deficiency"},{"lang":"en","text":"Milk intolerance"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lactose Intolerance","text":"Lactose intolerance means that you cannot digest foods with lactose in them. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and foods made with milk. After eating foods with lactose in them, you may feel sick to your stomach. You may also have:\n• Gas\n• Diarrhea\n• Swelling in your stomach\nYour doctor may do a blood, breath or stool test to find out if your problems are due to lactose intolerance.\nLactose intolerance is not serious. Eating less food with lactose, or using pills or drops to help you digest lactose usually helps. You may need to take a calcium supplement if you don't get enough of it from your diet, since milk and foods made with milk are the most common source of calcium for most people.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Intolerancia a la lactosa","text":"Intolerancia a la lactosa significa que usted no puede digerir alimentos que contienen lactosa. La lactosa es el azúcar que se encuentra en la leche y los alimentos preparados con leche. Después de ingerir alimentos que contienen lactosa, es posible que tenga malestar estomacal. También puede presentar:\n• Gases\n• Diarrea\n• Inflamación en el estómago\nEl médico puede hacerle un análisis de sangre, una prueba de aliento o un análisis de heces para detectar si sus problemas se deben a la intolerancia a la lactosa.\nLa intolerancia a la lactosa no es un cuadro serio. Consumir menos alimentos con lactosa o utilizar pastillas o gotas que lo ayuden a digerir la lactosa suelen ser de ayuda. Es posible que necesite tomar suplementos de calcio, ya que la leche y los productos lácteos son las fuentes más comunes de calcio para la mayoría de las personas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0154","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E74","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale metabolismului glucidelor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات استقلاب الكربوهيدرات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy metabolismu sacharidů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του μεταβολισμού των υδατανθράκων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du métabolisme des glucides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कार्बोहाइड्रेट चयापचय के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szénhidrát-anyagcserezavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del metabolismo dei carboidrati","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"糖質代謝障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"탄수화물 대사 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia metabolizmu węglowodanów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do metabolismo dos carboidratos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения обмена углеводов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy metabolizmu sacharidov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karbonhidrat metabolizması bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення обміну вуглеводів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"碳水化合物代谢紊乱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders","text":"Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a metabolic disorder, something goes wrong with this process.\nCarbohydrate metabolism disorders are a group of metabolic disorders. Normally your enzymes break carbohydrates down into glucose (a type of sugar). If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down the carbohydrates. Or the enzymes may not work properly. This causes a harmful amount of sugar to build up in your body. That can lead to health problems, some of which can be serious. Some of the disorders are fatal.\nThese disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get screened for many of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get genetic testing to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.\nTreatments may include special diets, supplements, and medicines. Some babies may also need additional treatments, if there are complications. For some disorders, there is no cure, but treatments may help with symptoms.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos","text":"El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un trastorno metabólico, hay un problema en este proceso.\nLos trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. En general, sus enzimas descomponen los carbohidratos en glucosa, un tipo de azúcar. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los carbohidratos, o puede que las enzimas no funcionen en forma correcta. Esto hace que una cantidad dañina de azúcar se acumule en su organismo. Esto puede conducir a problemas de salud, incluso graves. Algunos de estos trastornos son fatales.\nEstos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a pruebas mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener pruebas genéticas para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, suplementos y medicamentos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, si se presentan complicaciones. Para algunos trastornos no existe cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0155","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lipid-storage-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lipid-storage-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E75","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5D2Z","display":"Metabolic disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/155258022/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#155258022/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lipid storage disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de stocare a lipidelor (sfingolipidoze)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات اختزان الدهون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Střádavá onemocnění lipidů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lipidspeicherkrankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσοι αθροίσεως λιπιδίων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de depósito de lípidos (esfingolipidosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladies de surcharge lipidique (sphingolipidoses)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वसा भंडारण विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lipidtárolási betegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattie da accumulo lipidico (sfingolipidosi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脂質蓄積症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"지질 축적 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby spichrzeniowe lipidów (sfingolipidozy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doenças de depósito lipídico (esfingolipidoses)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни накопления липидов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ochorenia z ukladania lipidov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lipit depo hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби накопичення ліпідів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脂质贮积病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Genetic Brain Disorders","text":"A genetic brain disorder is caused by a variation or a mutation in a gene. A variation is a different form of a gene. A mutation is a change in a gene. Genetic brain disorders affect the development and function of the brain.\nSome genetic brain disorders are due to random gene mutations or mutations caused by environmental exposure, such as cigarette smoke. Other disorders are inherited, which means that a mutated gene or group of genes is passed down through a family. They can also be due to a combination of both genetic changes and other outside factors.\nSome examples of genetic brain disorders include:\n• Leukodystrophies\n• Phenylketonuria\n• Tay-Sachs disease\n• Wilson disease\nMany people with genetic brain disorders fail to produce enough of certain proteins that influence brain development and function. These brain disorders can cause serious problems that affect the nervous system. Some have treatments to control symptoms. Some are life-threatening.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos cerebrales genéticos","text":"Los trastornos genéticos del cerebro son causados por una variación o mutación en un gen. Una variación o alteración es una forma diferente de un gen. Una mutación es un cambio en el gen mismo. Los trastornos cerebrales genéticos afectan el desarrollo y funcionamiento del cerebro.\nAlgunos trastornos cerebrales genéticos se deben a las mutaciones genéticas casuales o mutaciones causadas por exposición ambiental, como lo es el humo del cigarrillo. Otras enfermedades son hereditarias, lo que significa que un gen mutante o un grupo de genes mutantes se transmite entre familiares. También existen trastornos causados por una combinación de cambios en los genes y otros factores externos.\nAlgunos ejemplos de los trastornos cerebrales genéticos son:\n• Leucodistrofias\n• Fenilcetonuria\n• Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs\n• Enfermedad de Wilson\nMuchas personas con trastornos cerebrales genéticos no pueden producir suficiente cantidad de ciertas proteínas que influyen en el desarrollo y el funcionamiento del cerebro. Estos trastornos pueden causar problemas serios que afectan el sistema nervioso. Algunos de estos trastornos cuentan con tratamientos para controlar los síntomas. Algunos otros, ponen en peligro la vida.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0156","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mucopolysaccharidoses-glycosaminoglycan-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mucopolysaccharidoses-glycosaminoglycan-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E76","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mucopolysaccharidoses (glycosaminoglycan disorders)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mucopolizaharidoze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء عديدات السكاريد المخاطية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mukopolysacharidózy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mukopolysaccharidosen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βλεννοπολυσακχαριδώσεις","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mucopolisacaridosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mucopolysaccharidoses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"म्यूकोपॉलीसैकेराइडोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mukopoliszacharidózisok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mucopolisaccaridosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ムコ多糖症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뮤코다당증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mukopolisacharydozy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mucopolissacaridoses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мукополисахаридозы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mukopolysacharidózy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mukopolisakkaridozlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мукополісахаридози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"黏多糖贮积症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders","text":"Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a metabolic disorder, something goes wrong with this process.\nCarbohydrate metabolism disorders are a group of metabolic disorders. Normally your enzymes break carbohydrates down into glucose (a type of sugar). If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down the carbohydrates. Or the enzymes may not work properly. This causes a harmful amount of sugar to build up in your body. That can lead to health problems, some of which can be serious. Some of the disorders are fatal.\nThese disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get screened for many of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get genetic testing to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.\nTreatments may include special diets, supplements, and medicines. Some babies may also need additional treatments, if there are complications. For some disorders, there is no cure, but treatments may help with symptoms.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos","text":"El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un trastorno metabólico, hay un problema en este proceso.\nLos trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. En general, sus enzimas descomponen los carbohidratos en glucosa, un tipo de azúcar. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los carbohidratos, o puede que las enzimas no funcionen en forma correcta. Esto hace que una cantidad dañina de azúcar se acumule en su organismo. Esto puede conducir a problemas de salud, incluso graves. Algunos de estos trastornos son fatales.\nEstos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a pruebas mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener pruebas genéticas para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, suplementos y medicamentos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, si se presentan complicaciones. Para algunos trastornos no existe cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0157","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"glycoproteinosis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/glycoproteinosis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E77","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale metabolismului glicoproteinelor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات استقلاب البروتينات السكرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy metabolismu glykoproteinů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen des Glykoproteinstoffwechsels","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του μεταβολισμού των γλυκοπρωτεϊνών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del metabolismo de las glucoproteínas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du métabolisme des glycoprotéines","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ग्लाइकोप्रोटीन चयापचय के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glikoprotein-anyagcserezavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del metabolismo delle glicoproteine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"糖タンパク質代謝障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"당단백질 대사 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia metabolizmu glikoprotein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do metabolismo das glicoproteínas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения обмена гликопротеинов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy metabolizmu glykoproteínov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Glikoprotein metabolizması bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення обміну глікопротеїнів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"糖蛋白代谢紊乱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Disorders of glycoprotein metabolism","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders","text":"Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a metabolic disorder, something goes wrong with this process.\nCarbohydrate metabolism disorders are a group of metabolic disorders. Normally your enzymes break carbohydrates down into glucose (a type of sugar). If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down the carbohydrates. Or the enzymes may not work properly. This causes a harmful amount of sugar to build up in your body. That can lead to health problems, some of which can be serious. Some of the disorders are fatal.\nThese disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get screened for many of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get genetic testing to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.\nTreatments may include special diets, supplements, and medicines. Some babies may also need additional treatments, if there are complications. For some disorders, there is no cure, but treatments may help with symptoms.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos","text":"El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un trastorno metabólico, hay un problema en este proceso.\nLos trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. En general, sus enzimas descomponen los carbohidratos en glucosa, un tipo de azúcar. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los carbohidratos, o puede que las enzimas no funcionen en forma correcta. Esto hace que una cantidad dañina de azúcar se acumule en su organismo. Esto puede conducir a problemas de salud, incluso graves. Algunos de estos trastornos son fatales.\nEstos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a pruebas mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener pruebas genéticas para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, suplementos y medicamentos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, si se presentan complicaciones. Para algunos trastornos no existe cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0158","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"high-cholesterol-and-other-blood-lipid-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/high-cholesterol-and-other-blood-lipid-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E78","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"5C8Z","display":"Unspecified disorders of lipoprotein metabolism or lipidaemias","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1191191920/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1191191920/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"High cholesterol and other blood lipid disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Colesterol crescut și alte tulburări ale lipidelor din sânge","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ارتفاع الكوليسترول واضطرابات أخرى في دهون الدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vysoký cholesterol a jiné poruchy krevních tuků","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erhöhtes Cholesterin und andere Fettstoffwechselstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υψηλή χοληστερόλη και άλλες διαταραχές λιπιδίων αίματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Colesterol alto y otros trastornos de los lípidos en sangre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cholestérol élevé et autres troubles des lipides sanguins","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उच्च कोलेस्ट्रॉल और अन्य रक्त वसा विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Magas koleszterinszint és egyéb vérzsír-rendellenességek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colesterolo alto e altri disturbi dei lipidi nel sangue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"高コレステロール血症その他の脂質異常症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"고콜레스테롤혈증 및 기타 이상지질혈증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wysoki cholesterol i inne zaburzenia lipidowe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Colesterol alto e outros distúrbios dos lípidos no sangue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Повышенный холестерин и другие нарушения липидов крови","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vysoký cholesterol a iné poruchy krvných tukov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yüksek kolesterol ve diğer kan yağı bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Підвищений холестерин та інші порушення ліпідів крові","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"高胆固醇及其他血脂异常","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lipid Metabolism Disorders","text":"Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a metabolic disorder, something goes wrong with this process.\nLipid metabolism disorders, such as Gaucher disease and Tay-Sachs disease, involve lipids. Lipids are fats or fat-like substances. They include oils, fatty acids, waxes, and cholesterol. If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down lipids. Or the enzymes may not work properly and your body can't convert the fats into energy. They cause a harmful amount of lipids to build up in your body. Over time, that can damage your cells and tissues, especially in the brain, peripheral nervous system, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Many of these disorders can be very serious, or sometimes even fatal.\nThese disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get screened for some of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get genetic testing to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.\nEnzyme replacement therapies can help with a few of these disorders. For others, there is no treatment. Medicines, blood transfusions, and other procedures may help with complications.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos","text":"El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un trastornos metabólico, hay un problema en este proceso.\nLos trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos, como la enfermedad de Gaucher y la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs, tienen que ver con los lípidos. Los lípidos son grasas o sustancias similares a la grasa. Estos incluyen aceites, ácidos grasos, ceras y colesterol. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los lípidos, o las enzimas pueden no funcionar en forma correcta y su cuerpo no puede convertir las grasas en energía. Esto causa que una cantidad dañina de lípidos se acumule en su organismo. Con el tiempo, se pueden dañar las células y los tejidos, especialmente en el cerebro, el sistema nervioso periférico, el hígado, el bazo y la médula ósea. Muchos de estos trastornos pueden ser muy graves, o incluso a veces fatales.\nEstos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a pruebas mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener pruebas genéticas para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.\nLas terapias de reemplazo de enzimas pueden ayudar con algunos de estos trastornos. Para otros no existe tratamiento. Medicamentos, transfusiones de sangre y otros procedimientos pueden ayudar con las complicaciones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0159","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cystic-fibrosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cystic-fibrosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E84","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA25.Z","display":"Cystic fibrosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/514403112/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#514403112/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cystic Fibrosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fibrosis quística","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fibroză chistică (mucoviscidoză)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التليف الكيسي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cystická fibróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mukoviszidose (zystische Fibrose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κυστική ίνωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mucoviscidose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिस्टिक फाइब्रोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cisztás fibrózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fibrosi cistica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"嚢胞性線維症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"낭포성 섬유증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mukowiscydoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fibrose quística","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Муковисцидоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cystická fibróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kistik fibrozis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Муковісцидоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"囊性纤维化","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"CF"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cystic Fibrosis","text":"Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands. It affects mostly your lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs. CF causes your mucus to be thick and sticky. The mucus clogs the lungs, causing breathing problems and making it easy for bacteria to grow. This can lead to repeated lung infections and lung damage.\nThe symptoms and severity of CF can vary. Some people have serious problems from birth. Others have a milder version of the disease that doesn't show up until they are teens or young adults. Sometimes you will have few symptoms, but later you may have more symptoms.\nCF is diagnosed through various tests, such as gene, blood, and sweat tests. There is no cure for CF, but treatments have improved greatly in recent years. In the past, most deaths from CF were in children and teenagers. Today, with improved treatments, some people who have CF are living into their forties, fifties, or older. Treatments may include chest physical therapy, nutritional and respiratory therapies, medicines, and exercise.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fibrosis quística","text":"La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria de las glándulas mucosas y sudoríparas. Afecta principalmente los pulmones, el páncreas, el hígado, los intestinos, los senos paranasales y los órganos sexuales. La fibrosis quística hace que la mucosidad sea espesa y pegajosa. Esta mucosidad tapa los pulmones, causando problemas para respirar y facilitando el crecimiento de bacterias. Esto puede provocar infecciones pulmonares repetidas y daños pulmonares.\nLos síntomas y la severidad de la fibrosis quística pueden variar. Algunas personas tienen problemas serios desde el nacimiento. Otras pueden tener un tipo más leve de la enfermedad que no se manifiesta hasta la adolescencia o al inicio de la edad adulta. A veces se tienen pocos síntomas, pero más tarde es posible tener más.\nLa fibrosis quística se diagnostica a través de varias pruebas, tales como genes, sangre y pruebas de sudor. No existe cura, pero los tratamientos han mejorado mucho en los últimos años. En el pasado, la mayoría de las muertes por fibrosis quística eran niños y adolescentes. Hoy en día, con la mejora de los tratamientos, algunas personas con fibrosis quística viven pasados los cuarenta, cincuenta años o más. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapia física para el pecho, terapias nutricionales y respiratorias, medicinas y ejercicio.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0029","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0066","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0187","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0204","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0213","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0342","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0160","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"amyloidosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/amyloidosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E85","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Amyloidosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amiloidosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amiloidoză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الداء النشواني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Amyloidóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Amyloidose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμυλοείδωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amylose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एमिलॉयडोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Amiloidózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amiloidosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アミロイドーシス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아밀로이드증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Amyloidoza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amiloidose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Амилоидоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Amyloidóza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amiloidoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Амілоїдоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"淀粉样变性","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Amyloidosis","text":"Amyloidosis occurs when abnormal proteins called amyloids build up and form deposits. The deposits can collect in organs such as the kidney and heart. This can cause the organs to become stiff and unable to work the way they should.\nThere are three main types of amyloidosis:\n• Primary - with no known cause\n• Secondary - caused by another disease, including some types of cancer\n• Familial - passed down through genes\nSymptoms can vary, depending upon which organs are affected. Treatment depends on the type of amyloidosis you have. The goal is to help with symptoms and limit the production of proteins. If another disease is the cause, it needs to be treated.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/amyloidosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Amiloidosis","text":"La amiloidosis ocurre cuando proteínas anormales llamadas amiloides se acumulan y forman depósitos. Estos depósitos pueden concentrarse en ciertos órganos como los riñones y el corazón. Esto puede causar que el órgano se vuelva rígido y no pueda funcionar como debería.\nHay tres tipos de amiloidosis:\n• Primaria: sin causa conocida\n• Secundaria: causada por otra enfermedad, incluyendo ciertos tipos de cáncer\n• Hereditaria: se transmite por los genes\nLos síntomas pueden variar dependiendo del órgano afectado. El tratamiento depende del tipo de amiloidosis que usted tenga. El objetivo es aliviar los síntomas y limitar la producción de proteínas. Si la causa es otra enfermedad, se debe tratar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyloidosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0170","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Amyloidosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0161","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dehydration-volume-depletion","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dehydration-volume-depletion","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E86","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dehydration (volume depletion)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deshidratare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الجفاف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dehydratace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Flüssigkeitsmangel (Dehydratation)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αφυδάτωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Deshidratación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Déshydratation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"निर्जलीकरण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kiszáradás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disidratazione","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脱水症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"탈수","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Odwodnienie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Desidratação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Обезвоживание","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dehydratácia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dehidrasyon (sıvı kaybı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зневоднення","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脱水","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fluid and Electrolyte Balance","text":"What are electrolytes?\nElectrolytes are minerals that have an electric charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids, including blood. The electric charge can be positive or negative. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine (pee), tissues, and other body fluids.\nElectrolytes are important because they help:\n• Balance the amount of water in your body\n• Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level\n• Move nutrients into your cells\n• Move wastes out of your cells\n• Support your muscle and nerve function\n• Keep your heart rate and rhythm steady\n• Keep your blood pressure stable\n• Keep your bones and teeth healthy\nWhat are the different types of electrolytes in your body?\nThe main electrolytes in your body include:\n• Bicarbonate, which helps maintain the body's acid and base balance (pH). It also plays an important role in moving carbon dioxide through the bloodstream.\n• Calcium, which helps make and keep bones and teeth strong.\n• Chloride, which also helps control the amount of fluid in the body. In addition, it helps maintain healthy blood volume and blood pressure.\n• Magnesium, which helps your muscles, nerves, and heart work properly. It also helps control blood pressure and blood glucose (blood sugar).\n• Phosphate, which works together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth.\n• Potassium, which helps your cells, heart, and muscles work properly.\n• Sodium, which helps control the amount of fluid in the body. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.\nYou get these electrolytes from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink.\nWhat is an electrolyte imbalance?\nAn electrolyte imbalance means that the level of one or more electrolytes in your body is too low or too high. It can happen when the amount of water in your body changes. The amount of water that you take in should equal the amount you lose. If something upsets this balance, you may have too little water (dehydration) or too much water (overhydration). Some of the more common reasons why you might have an imbalance of the water in your body include:\n• Certain medicines\n• Severe vomiting and/or diarrhea\n• Heavy sweating\n• Heart, liver or kidney problems\n• Not drinking enough fluids, especially when doing intense exercise or when the weather is very hot\n• Drinking too much water\nWhat are the different types of electrolyte imbalances?\nThe names of the different types of electrolyte imbalances are:\nElectrolyte\nToo low\nToo high\nBicarbonate\nAcidosis\nAlkalosis\nCalcium\nHypocalcemia\nHypercalcemia\nChloride\nHypochloremia\nHyperchloremia\nMagnesium\nHypomagnesemia\nHypermagnesemia\nPhosphate\nHypophosphatemia\nHyperphosphatemia\nPotassium\nHypokalemia\nHyperkalemia\nSodium\nHyponatremia\nHypernatremia\nHow are electrolyte imbalances diagnosed?\nA test called an electrolyte panel can check the levels of your body's main electrolytes. A related test, the anion gap blood test, checks whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough.\nWhat are the treatments for electrolyte imbalances?\nThe treatment for an electrolyte imbalance depends on which electrolytes are out of balance, if there is too little or too many, and what is causing the imbalance. In minor cases, you may just need to make some changes to your diet. In other cases, you may need other treatments. For example:\n• If you don't have enough of an electrolyte, you may get electrolyte replacement therapy. This involves giving you more of that electrolyte. It could be a medicine or supplement that you swallow or drink, or it may be given intravenously (by IV).\n• If you have too much of an electrolyte, your provider may give you medicines or fluids (by mouth or by IV) to help remove that electrolyte from your body. In severe cases, you may need dialysis to filter out the electrolyte.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico","text":"¿Qué son los electrolitos?\nLos electrolitos son minerales que tienen carga eléctrica cuando se disuelven en agua o fluidos corporales, incluida la sangre. La carga eléctrica puede ser positiva o negativa. Usted tiene electrolitos en la sangre, la orina, los tejidos y otros fluidos corporales.\nSon importantes porque ayudan a:\n• Equilibrar la cantidad de agua en el cuerpo\n• Equilibrar el nivel ácido-base (pH) de su cuerpo\n• Llevar nutrientes a sus células\n• Eliminar los desechos de sus células\n• Apoyar el funcionamiento de sus músculos y nervios\n• Mantener su frecuencia y ritmo cardíacos estable\n• Manter estable su presión arterial\n• Mantener sus huesos y dientes sanos\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de electrolitos en su cuerpo?\nLos principales electrolitos de su cuerpo incluyen:\n• Bicarbonato: Ayuda a mantener el equilibrio ácido-base del cuerpo y cumple una función importante en la circulación de dióxido de carbono por el torrente sanguíneo\n• Calcio: Ayuda a fortalecer y mantener los huesos y los dientes\n• Cloruro: También ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido en el cuerpo. Además, ayuda a mantener un volumen de sangre y una presión arterial saludables\n• Magnesio: Ayuda a que los músculos, los nervios y el corazón funcionen bien. También ayuda a controlar la presión arterial y los niveles de glucosa (azúcar) en sangre\n• Fosfato: Trabaja junto con el mineral calcio para formar huesos y dientes fuertes\n• Potasio: Ayuda a que el corazón y los músculos funcionen bien\n• Sodio: Ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido que hay en el cuerpo. También contribuye a que los nervios y los músculos funcionen bien\nLos electrolitos se obtienen de los alimentos que consume y de los líquidos que bebe.\n¿Qué es un desequilibrio electrolítico?\nUn desequilibrio electrolítico significa que el nivel de uno o más electrolitos en su cuerpo es demasiado bajo o demasiado alto. Puede ocurrir cuando cambia la cantidad de agua en su cuerpo. La cantidad de agua que ingiere debe ser igual a la cantidad que elimina. Si algo altera este equilibrio, es posible que tenga muy poca agua (deshidratación) o demasiada agua (sobrehidratación). Algunas de las razones más comunes por las que podría tener un desequilibrio del agua en su cuerpo incluyen:\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Vómito y/o diarrea intenso\n• Sudoración intensa\n• Problemas cardíacos, hepáticos o renales\n• No beber suficientes líquidos, especialmente cuando se hace ejercicio intenso o cuando hace mucho calor\n• Beber demasiada agua\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nLos nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos son:\nElectrolito\nDemasiado bajo\nDemasiado alto\nBicarbonato\nAcidosis\nAlcalosis\nCalcio\nHipocalcemia\nHipercalcemia\nCloruro\nHipocloremia\nHipercloremia\nMagnesio\nHipomagnesemia\nHipermagnesemia\nFosfato\nHipofosfatemia\nHiperfosfatemia\nPotasio\nHipocalemia\nHipercalemia\nSodio\nHiponatremia\nHipernatremia\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nUna prueba llamada panel de electrolitos\npuede verificar los niveles de los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo. Una prueba relacionada, el análisis de sangre de la brecha aniónica, verifica si sus electrolitos están desequilibrados o si su sangre es demasiado ácida o no lo suficientemente ácida.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nEl tratamiento para un desequilibrio electrolítico depende de qué electrolitos están desequilibrados, si hay muy pocos o demasiados y qué está causando el desequilibrio. En casos menores, es posible que simplemente deba realizar algunos cambios en su dieta. En otros casos, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos. Por ejemplo:\n• Si no tiene suficientes electrolitos, puede recibir una terapia de reemplazo de electrolitos. Esto implica darle más de ese electrolito. Puede ser un medicamento o suplemento que se traga o bebe, o se puede administrar por vía intravenosa\n• Si tiene demasiado electrolito, su profesional de la salud puede darle medicamentos o líquidos (por vía oral o intravenosa) para ayudar a eliminar ese electrolito de su cuerpo. En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis para filtrar el electrolito","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0162","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"fluid-electrolyte-and-acid-base-imbalance","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/fluid-electrolyte-and-acid-base-imbalance","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"E87","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dezechilibre hidroelectrolitice și acido-bazice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات السوائل والكهارل والتوازن الحمضي القاعدي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy vodní, elektrolytové a acidobazické rovnováhy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen des Wasser-, Elektrolyt- und Säure-Basen-Haushalts","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές υγρών, ηλεκτρολυτών και οξεοβασικής ισορροπίας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de líquidos, electrolitos y del equilibrio ácido-base","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles hydroélectrolytiques et acido-basiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तरल, इलेक्ट्रोलाइट और अम्ल-क्षार असंतुलन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Folyadék-, elektrolit- és sav-bázis zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi di liquidi, elettroliti ed equilibrio acido-base","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"水・電解質・酸塩基平衡の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"체액·전해질·산염기 불균형","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia gospodarki wodno-elektrolitowej i kwasowo-zasadowej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido-base","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения водно-электролитного и кислотно-щелочного баланса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy vodnej, elektrolytovej a acidobázickej rovnováhy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sıvı, elektrolit ve asit-baz dengesi bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення водно-електролітного та кислотно-лужного балансу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"体液、电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fluid and Electrolyte Balance","text":"What are electrolytes?\nElectrolytes are minerals that have an electric charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids, including blood. The electric charge can be positive or negative. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine (pee), tissues, and other body fluids.\nElectrolytes are important because they help:\n• Balance the amount of water in your body\n• Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level\n• Move nutrients into your cells\n• Move wastes out of your cells\n• Support your muscle and nerve function\n• Keep your heart rate and rhythm steady\n• Keep your blood pressure stable\n• Keep your bones and teeth healthy\nWhat are the different types of electrolytes in your body?\nThe main electrolytes in your body include:\n• Bicarbonate, which helps maintain the body's acid and base balance (pH). It also plays an important role in moving carbon dioxide through the bloodstream.\n• Calcium, which helps make and keep bones and teeth strong.\n• Chloride, which also helps control the amount of fluid in the body. In addition, it helps maintain healthy blood volume and blood pressure.\n• Magnesium, which helps your muscles, nerves, and heart work properly. It also helps control blood pressure and blood glucose (blood sugar).\n• Phosphate, which works together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth.\n• Potassium, which helps your cells, heart, and muscles work properly.\n• Sodium, which helps control the amount of fluid in the body. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.\nYou get these electrolytes from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink.\nWhat is an electrolyte imbalance?\nAn electrolyte imbalance means that the level of one or more electrolytes in your body is too low or too high. It can happen when the amount of water in your body changes. The amount of water that you take in should equal the amount you lose. If something upsets this balance, you may have too little water (dehydration) or too much water (overhydration). Some of the more common reasons why you might have an imbalance of the water in your body include:\n• Certain medicines\n• Severe vomiting and/or diarrhea\n• Heavy sweating\n• Heart, liver or kidney problems\n• Not drinking enough fluids, especially when doing intense exercise or when the weather is very hot\n• Drinking too much water\nWhat are the different types of electrolyte imbalances?\nThe names of the different types of electrolyte imbalances are:\nElectrolyte\nToo low\nToo high\nBicarbonate\nAcidosis\nAlkalosis\nCalcium\nHypocalcemia\nHypercalcemia\nChloride\nHypochloremia\nHyperchloremia\nMagnesium\nHypomagnesemia\nHypermagnesemia\nPhosphate\nHypophosphatemia\nHyperphosphatemia\nPotassium\nHypokalemia\nHyperkalemia\nSodium\nHyponatremia\nHypernatremia\nHow are electrolyte imbalances diagnosed?\nA test called an electrolyte panel can check the levels of your body's main electrolytes. A related test, the anion gap blood test, checks whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough.\nWhat are the treatments for electrolyte imbalances?\nThe treatment for an electrolyte imbalance depends on which electrolytes are out of balance, if there is too little or too many, and what is causing the imbalance. In minor cases, you may just need to make some changes to your diet. In other cases, you may need other treatments. For example:\n• If you don't have enough of an electrolyte, you may get electrolyte replacement therapy. This involves giving you more of that electrolyte. It could be a medicine or supplement that you swallow or drink, or it may be given intravenously (by IV).\n• If you have too much of an electrolyte, your provider may give you medicines or fluids (by mouth or by IV) to help remove that electrolyte from your body. In severe cases, you may need dialysis to filter out the electrolyte.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico","text":"¿Qué son los electrolitos?\nLos electrolitos son minerales que tienen carga eléctrica cuando se disuelven en agua o fluidos corporales, incluida la sangre. La carga eléctrica puede ser positiva o negativa. Usted tiene electrolitos en la sangre, la orina, los tejidos y otros fluidos corporales.\nSon importantes porque ayudan a:\n• Equilibrar la cantidad de agua en el cuerpo\n• Equilibrar el nivel ácido-base (pH) de su cuerpo\n• Llevar nutrientes a sus células\n• Eliminar los desechos de sus células\n• Apoyar el funcionamiento de sus músculos y nervios\n• Mantener su frecuencia y ritmo cardíacos estable\n• Manter estable su presión arterial\n• Mantener sus huesos y dientes sanos\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de electrolitos en su cuerpo?\nLos principales electrolitos de su cuerpo incluyen:\n• Bicarbonato: Ayuda a mantener el equilibrio ácido-base del cuerpo y cumple una función importante en la circulación de dióxido de carbono por el torrente sanguíneo\n• Calcio: Ayuda a fortalecer y mantener los huesos y los dientes\n• Cloruro: También ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido en el cuerpo. Además, ayuda a mantener un volumen de sangre y una presión arterial saludables\n• Magnesio: Ayuda a que los músculos, los nervios y el corazón funcionen bien. También ayuda a controlar la presión arterial y los niveles de glucosa (azúcar) en sangre\n• Fosfato: Trabaja junto con el mineral calcio para formar huesos y dientes fuertes\n• Potasio: Ayuda a que el corazón y los músculos funcionen bien\n• Sodio: Ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido que hay en el cuerpo. También contribuye a que los nervios y los músculos funcionen bien\nLos electrolitos se obtienen de los alimentos que consume y de los líquidos que bebe.\n¿Qué es un desequilibrio electrolítico?\nUn desequilibrio electrolítico significa que el nivel de uno o más electrolitos en su cuerpo es demasiado bajo o demasiado alto. Puede ocurrir cuando cambia la cantidad de agua en su cuerpo. La cantidad de agua que ingiere debe ser igual a la cantidad que elimina. Si algo altera este equilibrio, es posible que tenga muy poca agua (deshidratación) o demasiada agua (sobrehidratación). Algunas de las razones más comunes por las que podría tener un desequilibrio del agua en su cuerpo incluyen:\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Vómito y/o diarrea intenso\n• Sudoración intensa\n• Problemas cardíacos, hepáticos o renales\n• No beber suficientes líquidos, especialmente cuando se hace ejercicio intenso o cuando hace mucho calor\n• Beber demasiada agua\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nLos nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos son:\nElectrolito\nDemasiado bajo\nDemasiado alto\nBicarbonato\nAcidosis\nAlcalosis\nCalcio\nHipocalcemia\nHipercalcemia\nCloruro\nHipocloremia\nHipercloremia\nMagnesio\nHipomagnesemia\nHipermagnesemia\nFosfato\nHipofosfatemia\nHiperfosfatemia\nPotasio\nHipocalemia\nHipercalemia\nSodio\nHiponatremia\nHipernatremia\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nUna prueba llamada panel de electrolitos\npuede verificar los niveles de los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo. Una prueba relacionada, el análisis de sangre de la brecha aniónica, verifica si sus electrolitos están desequilibrados o si su sangre es demasiado ácida o no lo suficientemente ácida.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nEl tratamiento para un desequilibrio electrolítico depende de qué electrolitos están desequilibrados, si hay muy pocos o demasiados y qué está causando el desequilibrio. En casos menores, es posible que simplemente deba realizar algunos cambios en su dieta. En otros casos, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos. Por ejemplo:\n• Si no tiene suficientes electrolitos, puede recibir una terapia de reemplazo de electrolitos. Esto implica darle más de ese electrolito. Puede ser un medicamento o suplemento que se traga o bebe, o se puede administrar por vía intravenosa\n• Si tiene demasiado electrolito, su profesional de la salud puede darle medicamentos o líquidos (por vía oral o intravenosa) para ayudar a eliminar ese electrolito de su cuerpo. En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis para filtrar el electrolito","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0163","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dementia-due-to-cerebrovascular-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dementia-due-to-cerebrovascular-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F01","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Demență vasculară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الخرف الوعائي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vaskulární demence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vaskuläre Demenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αγγειακή άνοια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Demencia vascular","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Démence vasculaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"संवहनी मनोभ्रंश","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vaszkuláris demencia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Demenza vascolare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"血管性認知症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"혈관성 치매","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Otępienie naczyniowe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Demência vascular","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сосудистая деменция","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vaskulárna demencia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vasküler demans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Судинна деменція","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"血管性痴呆","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vascular dementia","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Dementia","text":"What is dementia?\nDementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:\n• Memory\n• Language skills\n• Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)\n• Problem solving\n• Trouble with everyday tasks\n• The ability to focus and pay attention\nIt is normal to become a bit more forgetful as you age. But dementia is not a normal part of aging. It is a serious disorder that interferes with your daily life.\nWhat are the types of dementia?\nThe most common types of dementia are known as neurodegenerative disorders. These are diseases in which the cells of the brain stop working or die. They include:\n• Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia among older people. People with Alzheimer's have plaques and tangles in their brain. These are abnormal buildups of different proteins. Beta-amyloid protein clumps up and forms plaques in between your brain cells. Tau protein builds up and forms tangles inside the nerve cells of your brain. There is also a loss of connection between nerve cells in the brain.\n• Lewy body dementia, which causes movement symptoms along with dementia. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain.\n• Frontotemporal disorders, which cause changes to certain parts of the brain:\n• Changes in the frontal lobe lead to behavioral symptoms\n• Changes in the temporal lobe lead to language and emotional disorders\n• Vascular dementia, which involves changes to the brain's blood supply. It is often caused by a stroke or atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in the brain.\n• Mixed dementia, which is a combination of two or more types of dementia. For example, some people have both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.\nOther conditions can cause dementia or dementia-like symptoms, including:\n• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a rare brain disorder\n• Huntington's disease, an inherited, progressive brain disease\n• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated traumatic brain injury\n• HIV-associated dementia (HAD)\nWho is at risk for dementia?\nCertain factors can raise your risk for developing dementia, including:\n• Aging. This is the biggest risk factor for dementia.\n• Smoking\n• Uncontrolled diabetes\n• High blood pressure\n• Drinking too much alcohol\n• Having close family members who have dementia\nWhat are the symptoms of dementia?\nThe symptoms of dementia can vary, depending on which parts of the brain are affected. Often, forgetfulness is the first symptom. Dementia also causes problems with the ability to think, problem solve, and reason. For example, people with dementia may:\n• Get lost in a familiar neighborhood\n• Use unusual words to refer to familiar objects\n• Forget the name of a close family member or friend\n• Forget old memories\n• Need help doing tasks that they used to do by themselves\nSome people with dementia cannot control their emotions and their personalities may change. They may become apathetic, meaning that they are no longer interested in normal daily activities or events. They may lose their inhibitions and stop caring about other peoples' feelings.\nCertain types of dementia can also cause problems with balance and movement.\nThe stages of dementia range from mild to severe. In the mildest stage, it is just beginning to affect a person's functioning. In the most severe stage, the person is completely dependent on others for care.\nHow is dementia diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Tests of your thinking, memory, and language abilities\n• Other tests, such as blood tests, genetic tests, and brain scans\n• A mental health evaluation to see whether a mental disorder is contributing to your symptoms\nWhat are the treatments for dementia?\nThere is no cure for most types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Treatments may help to maintain mental function longer, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow down the symptoms of disease. They may include:\n• Medicines, which may temporarily improve memory and thinking or slow down their decline. They only work in some people. Other medicines can treat symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and muscle stiffness. Some of these medicines can cause strong side effects in people with dementia. It is important to talk to your health care provider about which medicines will be safe for you.\n• Occupational therapy to help find ways to more easily do everyday activities\n• Speech therapy to help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly\n• Mental health counseling to help people with dementia and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.\n• Music or art therapy to reduce anxiety and improve well-being\nCan dementia be prevented?\nResearchers have not found a proven way to prevent dementia. Living a healthy lifestyle might influence some of your risk factors for dementia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Demencia","text":"¿Qué es la demencia?\nLa demencia es una pérdida de las funciones mentales lo suficientemente graves como para afectar sus actividades y su vida diaria. Estas funciones incluyen:\n• La memoria\n• Habilidades del lenguaje\n• Percepción visual (su capacidad de entender lo que ve)\n• Solución de problemas\n• Problemas con el quehacer diario\n• La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención\nEs normal ser un poco más olvidadizo a medida que envejece. Pero la demencia no es una parte normal del envejecimiento. Es un trastorno serio que interfiere con su vida diaria.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de demencia?\nLos tipos más comunes de demencia son llamados enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En estas afecciones las células del cerebro dejan de funcionar o mueren. Estas incluyen:\n• Enfermedad de Alzheimer: La forma más común de demencia entre personas mayores. Esta afección causa placa y ovillos en el cerebro provocados por el crecimiento anormal de diferentes proteínas. La proteína beta-amiloide se acumula y forma placa entre sus células cerebrales. También hay una pérdida de conexión entre las células nerviosas del cerebro\n• Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy: Causa síntomas de movimiento junto con demencia. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de una proteína en el cerebro\n• Trastornos frontotemporales: Causan cambios en ciertas partes del cerebro:\n• Los cambios en el lóbulo frontal conducen a síntomas del comportamiento\n• Los cambios en el lóbulo temporal conducen a trastornos del lenguaje y emocionales\n• Demencia vascular: Causa cambios en el flujo de sangre del cerebro. A menudo es causado por un derrame cerebral o arterioesclerosis (endurecimiento de las arterias) en el cerebro\n• Demencia mixta: Es una combinación de dos o más tipos de demencia. Por ejemplo, algunas personas tienen enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia vascular\nOtras afecciones que pueden causar demencia o síntomas parecidos a la demencia son:\n• Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob: Trastorno cerebral poco frecuente\n• Enfermedad de Huntington: Enfermedad cerebral progresiva y hereditaria\n• Encefalopatía traumática crónica: Causada por constantes lesiones cerebrales traumáticas\n• Demencia asociada al VIH\n¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia?\nAlgunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de demencia, incluyendo:\n• Envejecimiento: Este es el mayor factor de riesgo de demencia\n• Fumar\n• Diabetes sin controlar\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Beber demasiado alcohol\n• Tener familiares cercanos con demencia\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia?\nLos síntomas de la demencia pueden variar, dependiendo de las áreas del cerebro afectadas. A menudo, experimentar olvidos frecuentes es el primer síntoma. La demencia también provoca problemas con la capacidad de pensar, resolver problemas y el razonamiento. Por ejemplo, las personas con demencia pueden:\n• Perderse en un vecindario que conocen\n• Usar palabras poco comunes para referirse a objetos conocidos\n• Olvidar el nombre de algún familiar o amigo\n• Olvidar los viejos recuerdos\n• Necesitar ayuda para realizar tareas que solían hacer solos\nAlgunas personas con demencia no son capaces de controlar sus emociones y su personalidad puede cambiar. Pueden volverse apáticos, es decir, pueden no tener el mismo interés en actividades normales diarias o eventos. También pueden perder ciertas inhibiciones o despreocuparse del sentimiento de los demás.\nCiertos tipos de demencia también pueden causar problemas con el equilibrio o movimiento.\nLas etapas de la demencia varían de leves a severa. En la más leve, está comenzando a afectar el funcionamiento de la persona. En la más grave, la persona depende completamente de los demás para su atención.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la demencia?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Pruebas para evaluar su habilidad de pensamiento, memoria y lenguaje\n• Otros exámenes, como pruebas de sangre, análisis genéticos y escáners cerebrales\n• Una evaluación de salud mental para ver si una enfermedad mental puede estar causando sus síntomas\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia?\nNo existe cura para la mayoría de los tipos de demencia, incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mantener la función mental por más tiempo, controlar los síntomas de conducta y retardar los síntomas de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos pueden mejorar temporalmente la memoria y el pensamiento o hacer más lento su declive. Solo funcionan en algunas personas. Otros medicamentos pueden tratar síntomas como ansiedad, depresión, problemas para dormir y rigidez muscular. Algunos de estos medicamentos pueden causar efectos secundarios serios en las personas con demencia. Es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para usted\n• Terapia ocupacional para ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las tareas diarias\n• Terapia del habla para ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro\n• Consejería sobre salud mental para ayudar a las personas con demencia y sus familias a aprender cómo manejar las emociones y conductas difíciles. También puede ayudarles a planear para el futuro\n• Música o terapia de arte para reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar\n¿Se puede prevenir la demencia?\nLos investigadores no han encontrado una forma comprobada de prevenir la demencia. Vivir saludablemente puede influir en algunos factores de riesgo de la demencia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0164","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dementia-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dementia-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F02","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dementia in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Demență în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الخرف في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Demence u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Demenz bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άνοια σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Demencia en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Démence au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में मनोभ्रंश","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Demencia egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Demenza in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による認知症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 치매","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Otępienie w przebiegu innych chorób","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Demência em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Деменция при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Demencia pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda demans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Деменція при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病所致痴呆","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Dementia","text":"What is dementia?\nDementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:\n• Memory\n• Language skills\n• Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)\n• Problem solving\n• Trouble with everyday tasks\n• The ability to focus and pay attention\nIt is normal to become a bit more forgetful as you age. But dementia is not a normal part of aging. It is a serious disorder that interferes with your daily life.\nWhat are the types of dementia?\nThe most common types of dementia are known as neurodegenerative disorders. These are diseases in which the cells of the brain stop working or die. They include:\n• Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia among older people. People with Alzheimer's have plaques and tangles in their brain. These are abnormal buildups of different proteins. Beta-amyloid protein clumps up and forms plaques in between your brain cells. Tau protein builds up and forms tangles inside the nerve cells of your brain. There is also a loss of connection between nerve cells in the brain.\n• Lewy body dementia, which causes movement symptoms along with dementia. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain.\n• Frontotemporal disorders, which cause changes to certain parts of the brain:\n• Changes in the frontal lobe lead to behavioral symptoms\n• Changes in the temporal lobe lead to language and emotional disorders\n• Vascular dementia, which involves changes to the brain's blood supply. It is often caused by a stroke or atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in the brain.\n• Mixed dementia, which is a combination of two or more types of dementia. For example, some people have both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.\nOther conditions can cause dementia or dementia-like symptoms, including:\n• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a rare brain disorder\n• Huntington's disease, an inherited, progressive brain disease\n• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated traumatic brain injury\n• HIV-associated dementia (HAD)\nWho is at risk for dementia?\nCertain factors can raise your risk for developing dementia, including:\n• Aging. This is the biggest risk factor for dementia.\n• Smoking\n• Uncontrolled diabetes\n• High blood pressure\n• Drinking too much alcohol\n• Having close family members who have dementia\nWhat are the symptoms of dementia?\nThe symptoms of dementia can vary, depending on which parts of the brain are affected. Often, forgetfulness is the first symptom. Dementia also causes problems with the ability to think, problem solve, and reason. For example, people with dementia may:\n• Get lost in a familiar neighborhood\n• Use unusual words to refer to familiar objects\n• Forget the name of a close family member or friend\n• Forget old memories\n• Need help doing tasks that they used to do by themselves\nSome people with dementia cannot control their emotions and their personalities may change. They may become apathetic, meaning that they are no longer interested in normal daily activities or events. They may lose their inhibitions and stop caring about other peoples' feelings.\nCertain types of dementia can also cause problems with balance and movement.\nThe stages of dementia range from mild to severe. In the mildest stage, it is just beginning to affect a person's functioning. In the most severe stage, the person is completely dependent on others for care.\nHow is dementia diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Tests of your thinking, memory, and language abilities\n• Other tests, such as blood tests, genetic tests, and brain scans\n• A mental health evaluation to see whether a mental disorder is contributing to your symptoms\nWhat are the treatments for dementia?\nThere is no cure for most types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Treatments may help to maintain mental function longer, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow down the symptoms of disease. They may include:\n• Medicines, which may temporarily improve memory and thinking or slow down their decline. They only work in some people. Other medicines can treat symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and muscle stiffness. Some of these medicines can cause strong side effects in people with dementia. It is important to talk to your health care provider about which medicines will be safe for you.\n• Occupational therapy to help find ways to more easily do everyday activities\n• Speech therapy to help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly\n• Mental health counseling to help people with dementia and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.\n• Music or art therapy to reduce anxiety and improve well-being\nCan dementia be prevented?\nResearchers have not found a proven way to prevent dementia. Living a healthy lifestyle might influence some of your risk factors for dementia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Demencia","text":"¿Qué es la demencia?\nLa demencia es una pérdida de las funciones mentales lo suficientemente graves como para afectar sus actividades y su vida diaria. Estas funciones incluyen:\n• La memoria\n• Habilidades del lenguaje\n• Percepción visual (su capacidad de entender lo que ve)\n• Solución de problemas\n• Problemas con el quehacer diario\n• La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención\nEs normal ser un poco más olvidadizo a medida que envejece. Pero la demencia no es una parte normal del envejecimiento. Es un trastorno serio que interfiere con su vida diaria.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de demencia?\nLos tipos más comunes de demencia son llamados enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En estas afecciones las células del cerebro dejan de funcionar o mueren. Estas incluyen:\n• Enfermedad de Alzheimer: La forma más común de demencia entre personas mayores. Esta afección causa placa y ovillos en el cerebro provocados por el crecimiento anormal de diferentes proteínas. La proteína beta-amiloide se acumula y forma placa entre sus células cerebrales. También hay una pérdida de conexión entre las células nerviosas del cerebro\n• Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy: Causa síntomas de movimiento junto con demencia. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de una proteína en el cerebro\n• Trastornos frontotemporales: Causan cambios en ciertas partes del cerebro:\n• Los cambios en el lóbulo frontal conducen a síntomas del comportamiento\n• Los cambios en el lóbulo temporal conducen a trastornos del lenguaje y emocionales\n• Demencia vascular: Causa cambios en el flujo de sangre del cerebro. A menudo es causado por un derrame cerebral o arterioesclerosis (endurecimiento de las arterias) en el cerebro\n• Demencia mixta: Es una combinación de dos o más tipos de demencia. Por ejemplo, algunas personas tienen enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia vascular\nOtras afecciones que pueden causar demencia o síntomas parecidos a la demencia son:\n• Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob: Trastorno cerebral poco frecuente\n• Enfermedad de Huntington: Enfermedad cerebral progresiva y hereditaria\n• Encefalopatía traumática crónica: Causada por constantes lesiones cerebrales traumáticas\n• Demencia asociada al VIH\n¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia?\nAlgunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de demencia, incluyendo:\n• Envejecimiento: Este es el mayor factor de riesgo de demencia\n• Fumar\n• Diabetes sin controlar\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Beber demasiado alcohol\n• Tener familiares cercanos con demencia\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia?\nLos síntomas de la demencia pueden variar, dependiendo de las áreas del cerebro afectadas. A menudo, experimentar olvidos frecuentes es el primer síntoma. La demencia también provoca problemas con la capacidad de pensar, resolver problemas y el razonamiento. Por ejemplo, las personas con demencia pueden:\n• Perderse en un vecindario que conocen\n• Usar palabras poco comunes para referirse a objetos conocidos\n• Olvidar el nombre de algún familiar o amigo\n• Olvidar los viejos recuerdos\n• Necesitar ayuda para realizar tareas que solían hacer solos\nAlgunas personas con demencia no son capaces de controlar sus emociones y su personalidad puede cambiar. Pueden volverse apáticos, es decir, pueden no tener el mismo interés en actividades normales diarias o eventos. También pueden perder ciertas inhibiciones o despreocuparse del sentimiento de los demás.\nCiertos tipos de demencia también pueden causar problemas con el equilibrio o movimiento.\nLas etapas de la demencia varían de leves a severa. En la más leve, está comenzando a afectar el funcionamiento de la persona. En la más grave, la persona depende completamente de los demás para su atención.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la demencia?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Pruebas para evaluar su habilidad de pensamiento, memoria y lenguaje\n• Otros exámenes, como pruebas de sangre, análisis genéticos y escáners cerebrales\n• Una evaluación de salud mental para ver si una enfermedad mental puede estar causando sus síntomas\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia?\nNo existe cura para la mayoría de los tipos de demencia, incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mantener la función mental por más tiempo, controlar los síntomas de conducta y retardar los síntomas de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos pueden mejorar temporalmente la memoria y el pensamiento o hacer más lento su declive. Solo funcionan en algunas personas. Otros medicamentos pueden tratar síntomas como ansiedad, depresión, problemas para dormir y rigidez muscular. Algunos de estos medicamentos pueden causar efectos secundarios serios en las personas con demencia. Es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para usted\n• Terapia ocupacional para ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las tareas diarias\n• Terapia del habla para ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro\n• Consejería sobre salud mental para ayudar a las personas con demencia y sus familias a aprender cómo manejar las emociones y conductas difíciles. También puede ayudarles a planear para el futuro\n• Música o terapia de arte para reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar\n¿Se puede prevenir la demencia?\nLos investigadores no han encontrado una forma comprobada de prevenir la demencia. Vivir saludablemente puede influir en algunos factores de riesgo de la demencia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0165","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dementia-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dementia-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F03","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dementia (not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Demență (nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الخرف (غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Demence (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Demenz (nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άνοια (μη καθορισμένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Demencia (no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Démence (sans précision)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मनोभ्रंश (अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Demencia (nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Demenza (non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"認知症（詳細不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"치매(상세불명)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Otępienie (nieokreślone)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Demência (não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Деменция (неуточнённая)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Demencia (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Demans (belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Деменція (неуточнена)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"痴呆（未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Dementia","text":"What is dementia?\nDementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:\n• Memory\n• Language skills\n• Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)\n• Problem solving\n• Trouble with everyday tasks\n• The ability to focus and pay attention\nIt is normal to become a bit more forgetful as you age. But dementia is not a normal part of aging. It is a serious disorder that interferes with your daily life.\nWhat are the types of dementia?\nThe most common types of dementia are known as neurodegenerative disorders. These are diseases in which the cells of the brain stop working or die. They include:\n• Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia among older people. People with Alzheimer's have plaques and tangles in their brain. These are abnormal buildups of different proteins. Beta-amyloid protein clumps up and forms plaques in between your brain cells. Tau protein builds up and forms tangles inside the nerve cells of your brain. There is also a loss of connection between nerve cells in the brain.\n• Lewy body dementia, which causes movement symptoms along with dementia. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain.\n• Frontotemporal disorders, which cause changes to certain parts of the brain:\n• Changes in the frontal lobe lead to behavioral symptoms\n• Changes in the temporal lobe lead to language and emotional disorders\n• Vascular dementia, which involves changes to the brain's blood supply. It is often caused by a stroke or atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in the brain.\n• Mixed dementia, which is a combination of two or more types of dementia. For example, some people have both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.\nOther conditions can cause dementia or dementia-like symptoms, including:\n• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a rare brain disorder\n• Huntington's disease, an inherited, progressive brain disease\n• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated traumatic brain injury\n• HIV-associated dementia (HAD)\nWho is at risk for dementia?\nCertain factors can raise your risk for developing dementia, including:\n• Aging. This is the biggest risk factor for dementia.\n• Smoking\n• Uncontrolled diabetes\n• High blood pressure\n• Drinking too much alcohol\n• Having close family members who have dementia\nWhat are the symptoms of dementia?\nThe symptoms of dementia can vary, depending on which parts of the brain are affected. Often, forgetfulness is the first symptom. Dementia also causes problems with the ability to think, problem solve, and reason. For example, people with dementia may:\n• Get lost in a familiar neighborhood\n• Use unusual words to refer to familiar objects\n• Forget the name of a close family member or friend\n• Forget old memories\n• Need help doing tasks that they used to do by themselves\nSome people with dementia cannot control their emotions and their personalities may change. They may become apathetic, meaning that they are no longer interested in normal daily activities or events. They may lose their inhibitions and stop caring about other peoples' feelings.\nCertain types of dementia can also cause problems with balance and movement.\nThe stages of dementia range from mild to severe. In the mildest stage, it is just beginning to affect a person's functioning. In the most severe stage, the person is completely dependent on others for care.\nHow is dementia diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• Tests of your thinking, memory, and language abilities\n• Other tests, such as blood tests, genetic tests, and brain scans\n• A mental health evaluation to see whether a mental disorder is contributing to your symptoms\nWhat are the treatments for dementia?\nThere is no cure for most types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Treatments may help to maintain mental function longer, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow down the symptoms of disease. They may include:\n• Medicines, which may temporarily improve memory and thinking or slow down their decline. They only work in some people. Other medicines can treat symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and muscle stiffness. Some of these medicines can cause strong side effects in people with dementia. It is important to talk to your health care provider about which medicines will be safe for you.\n• Occupational therapy to help find ways to more easily do everyday activities\n• Speech therapy to help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly\n• Mental health counseling to help people with dementia and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.\n• Music or art therapy to reduce anxiety and improve well-being\nCan dementia be prevented?\nResearchers have not found a proven way to prevent dementia. Living a healthy lifestyle might influence some of your risk factors for dementia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Demencia","text":"¿Qué es la demencia?\nLa demencia es una pérdida de las funciones mentales lo suficientemente graves como para afectar sus actividades y su vida diaria. Estas funciones incluyen:\n• La memoria\n• Habilidades del lenguaje\n• Percepción visual (su capacidad de entender lo que ve)\n• Solución de problemas\n• Problemas con el quehacer diario\n• La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención\nEs normal ser un poco más olvidadizo a medida que envejece. Pero la demencia no es una parte normal del envejecimiento. Es un trastorno serio que interfiere con su vida diaria.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de demencia?\nLos tipos más comunes de demencia son llamados enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En estas afecciones las células del cerebro dejan de funcionar o mueren. Estas incluyen:\n• Enfermedad de Alzheimer: La forma más común de demencia entre personas mayores. Esta afección causa placa y ovillos en el cerebro provocados por el crecimiento anormal de diferentes proteínas. La proteína beta-amiloide se acumula y forma placa entre sus células cerebrales. También hay una pérdida de conexión entre las células nerviosas del cerebro\n• Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy: Causa síntomas de movimiento junto con demencia. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de una proteína en el cerebro\n• Trastornos frontotemporales: Causan cambios en ciertas partes del cerebro:\n• Los cambios en el lóbulo frontal conducen a síntomas del comportamiento\n• Los cambios en el lóbulo temporal conducen a trastornos del lenguaje y emocionales\n• Demencia vascular: Causa cambios en el flujo de sangre del cerebro. A menudo es causado por un derrame cerebral o arterioesclerosis (endurecimiento de las arterias) en el cerebro\n• Demencia mixta: Es una combinación de dos o más tipos de demencia. Por ejemplo, algunas personas tienen enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia vascular\nOtras afecciones que pueden causar demencia o síntomas parecidos a la demencia son:\n• Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob: Trastorno cerebral poco frecuente\n• Enfermedad de Huntington: Enfermedad cerebral progresiva y hereditaria\n• Encefalopatía traumática crónica: Causada por constantes lesiones cerebrales traumáticas\n• Demencia asociada al VIH\n¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia?\nAlgunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de demencia, incluyendo:\n• Envejecimiento: Este es el mayor factor de riesgo de demencia\n• Fumar\n• Diabetes sin controlar\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Beber demasiado alcohol\n• Tener familiares cercanos con demencia\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia?\nLos síntomas de la demencia pueden variar, dependiendo de las áreas del cerebro afectadas. A menudo, experimentar olvidos frecuentes es el primer síntoma. La demencia también provoca problemas con la capacidad de pensar, resolver problemas y el razonamiento. Por ejemplo, las personas con demencia pueden:\n• Perderse en un vecindario que conocen\n• Usar palabras poco comunes para referirse a objetos conocidos\n• Olvidar el nombre de algún familiar o amigo\n• Olvidar los viejos recuerdos\n• Necesitar ayuda para realizar tareas que solían hacer solos\nAlgunas personas con demencia no son capaces de controlar sus emociones y su personalidad puede cambiar. Pueden volverse apáticos, es decir, pueden no tener el mismo interés en actividades normales diarias o eventos. También pueden perder ciertas inhibiciones o despreocuparse del sentimiento de los demás.\nCiertos tipos de demencia también pueden causar problemas con el equilibrio o movimiento.\nLas etapas de la demencia varían de leves a severa. En la más leve, está comenzando a afectar el funcionamiento de la persona. En la más grave, la persona depende completamente de los demás para su atención.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la demencia?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Pruebas para evaluar su habilidad de pensamiento, memoria y lenguaje\n• Otros exámenes, como pruebas de sangre, análisis genéticos y escáners cerebrales\n• Una evaluación de salud mental para ver si una enfermedad mental puede estar causando sus síntomas\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia?\nNo existe cura para la mayoría de los tipos de demencia, incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mantener la función mental por más tiempo, controlar los síntomas de conducta y retardar los síntomas de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos pueden mejorar temporalmente la memoria y el pensamiento o hacer más lento su declive. Solo funcionan en algunas personas. Otros medicamentos pueden tratar síntomas como ansiedad, depresión, problemas para dormir y rigidez muscular. Algunos de estos medicamentos pueden causar efectos secundarios serios en las personas con demencia. Es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para usted\n• Terapia ocupacional para ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las tareas diarias\n• Terapia del habla para ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro\n• Consejería sobre salud mental para ayudar a las personas con demencia y sus familias a aprender cómo manejar las emociones y conductas difíciles. También puede ayudarles a planear para el futuro\n• Música o terapia de arte para reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar\n¿Se puede prevenir la demencia?\nLos investigadores no han encontrado una forma comprobada de prevenir la demencia. Vivir saludablemente puede influir en algunos factores de riesgo de la demencia.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0166","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"amnesic-syndrome-due-to-brain-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/amnesic-syndrome-due-to-brain-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F04","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6D72.0","display":"Amnestic disorder due to diseases classified elsewhere","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/862469859","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#862469859"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Amnesic syndrome due to brain disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindrom amnestic organic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"المتلازمة النساوية العضوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Organický amnestický syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Organisches amnestisches Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οργανικό αμνησιακό σύνδρομο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome amnésico orgánico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome amnésique organique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्तिष्क रोग से स्मृतिलोप सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Organikus amnesztiás szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome amnesica organica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"器質性健忘症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기질성 기억상실 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Organiczny zespół amnestyczny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome amnésica orgânica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Органический амнестический синдром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Organický amnestický syndróm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Organik amnestik sendrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Органічний амнестичний синдром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"器质性遗忘综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Memory","text":"Every day, you have different experiences and you learn new things. Your brain cannot store all of that information, so it has to decide what is worth remembering. Memory is the process of storing and then remembering this information. There are different types of memory. Short-term memory stores information for a few seconds or minutes. Long-term memory stores it for a longer period of time.\nMemory doesn't always work perfectly. As you grow older, it may take longer to remember things.\nIt's normal to forget things once in a while. We've all forgotten a name, where we put our keys, or if we locked the front door. If you are an older adult who forgets things more often than others your age, you may have mild cognitive impairment. Forgetting how to use your phone or find your way home may be signs of a more serious problem, such as:\n• Alzheimer's disease\n• Other types of dementia\n• Stroke\n• Depression\n• Head injuries\n• Blood clots or tumors in the brain\n• Kidney, liver, or thyroid problems\n• Reactions to certain medicines\nIf you're worried about your forgetfulness, see your health care provider.\nNIH: National Institute on Aging","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Memoria","text":"Cada día, usted vive diferentes experiencias y aprende cosas nuevas. Su cerebro no puede almacenar toda esa información, por lo que tiene que decidir qué vale la pena recordar. La memoria es el proceso de almacenamiento para luego recordar esta información. Hay diferentes tipos de memoria. La memoria de corto plazo almacena información por unos pocos segundos o minutos. La memoria de largo plazo la almacena por un período más largo de tiempo.\nLa memoria no funciona siempre a la perfección. A medida que envejece, puede tomar más tiempo para recordar las cosas.\nEs normal olvidar cosas de vez en cuando. Todos nos hemos olvidado un nombre, donde dejamos las llaves o si cerramos la puerta principal. Si usted es una persona mayor que olvida las cosas con más frecuencia que otras de su misma edad, es posible que tenga un deterioro cognitivo leve. Olvidar cómo utilizar su teléfono o encontrar su camino a casa pueden ser signos de un problema más grave, como:\n• Enfermedad de Alzheimer\n• Otros tipos de demencia\n• Ataque cerebral\n• Depresión\n• Alcoholismo\n• Lesiones en la cabeza\n• Coágulos de sangre o tumores en el cerebro\n• Problemas de riñones, de hígado o de la tiroides\n• Reacciones a ciertos medicamentos\nSi usted está preocupado por sus problemas de memoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0167","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"delirium","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/delirium","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F05","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Delirium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Delir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الهذيان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Delirium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Delir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παραλήρημα (ντελίριο)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Delirio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Délire aigu (delirium)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रलाप (डिलीरियम)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Delírium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Delirium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"せん妄","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"섬망","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Majaczenie (delirium)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Delirium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Делирий","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Delírium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Deliryum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Делірій","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"谵妄","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Delirium","text":"What is delirium?\nDelirium is a mental state in which you are confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly. It usually starts suddenly. It is often temporary and treatable.\nThere are three types of delirium:\n• Hypoactive, when you are not active and seem sleepy, tired, or depressed\n• Hyperactive, when you are restless or agitated\n• Mixed, when you change back and forth between being hypoactive and hyperactive\nWhat causes delirium?\nThere are many different problems that can cause delirium. Some of the more common causes include:\n• Advanced cancer.\n• Alcohol or drugs, either from intoxication or withdrawal. This includes a serious type of alcohol withdrawal syndrome called delirium tremens. It usually happens to people who stop drinking after years of alcohol use disorder (AUD).\n• Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.\n• Dementia.\n• Hospitalization, especially in intensive care.\n• Infections, such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and the flu.\n• Medicines. This could be a side effect of a medicine, such as sedatives or opioids. Or it could be from withdrawal after stopping a medicine.\n• Metabolic disorders.\n• Organ failure, such as kidney or liver failure.\n• Poisoning.\n• Serious illnesses.\n• Severe pain.\n• Sleep deprivation.\n• Surgeries, including reactions to anesthesia.\nWho is more likely to get delirium?\nCertain factors put you at risk for delirium, including:\n• Being in a hospital or nursing home\n• Having dementia\n• Having a serious illness or more than one illness\n• Having an infection\n• Older age\n• Having surgery\n• Taking medicines that affect the mind or behavior\n• Taking high doses of pain medicines, such as opioids\nWhat are the symptoms of delirium?\nThe symptoms of delirium usually start suddenly, over a few hours or a few days. They often come and go. The most common symptoms include:\n• Changes in alertness (usually more alert in the morning, less at night)\n• Changing levels of consciousness\n• Confusion\n• Disorganized thinking, talking in a way that doesn't make sense\n• Disrupted sleep patterns, sleepiness\n• Emotional changes: anger, agitation, depression, irritability, overexcitement\n• Hallucinations and delusions\n• Memory problems, especially with short-term memory\n• Trouble concentrating\nHow is delirium diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• Physical and neurological exams\n• Mental status testing, which checks for problems with your thinking and alertness\n• Lab and diagnostic imaging tests\nDelirium and dementia have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. You can also have both at the same time. The differences between them are that:\n• Delirium starts suddenly and can cause hallucinations. It is mainly a problem with attention and staying alert. The symptoms may get better or worse and can last for hours or weeks.\n• Dementia develops slowly and does not cause hallucinations. It usually starts with memory loss. The symptoms don't change often, like they can with delirium. Dementia almost never gets better.\nWhat are the treatments for delirium?\nTreatment of delirium focuses on the causes and symptoms of delirium. The first step is to identify the cause. Often, treating the cause will lead to a full recovery. The recovery may take some time - weeks or sometimes even months. In the meantime, there may be treatments to manage the symptoms, such as:\n• Controlling the environment, which includes making sure that the room is quiet and well-lit, having clocks or calendars in view, and having family members around\n• Medicines, including those that control aggression or agitation and pain relievers if there is pain\n• If needed, making sure that the person has a hearing aid, glasses, or other devices for communication\nCan delirium be prevented?\nTreating the conditions that can cause delirium may reduce the risk of getting it. Hospitals can help lower the risk of delirium by avoiding sedatives and making sure that hospital rooms are kept quiet, calm, and well-lit. It can also help to have family members around and to have the same staff members treat the person each day (if possible).","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Delirio","text":"¿Qué es el delirio?\nEl delirio es un estado mental que causa confusión, desorientación y no poder pensar o recordar con claridad. Suele comenzar de repente. A menudo es temporal y tratable.\nHay tres tipos de delirio:\n• Hipoactivo: En el cual usted no está activo y parece somnoliento, cansado o deprimido\n• Hiperactivo: En el cual usted está inquieto o agitado\n• Mixto: En el cual usted pasa de un estado a otro, entre hipoactivo e hiperactivo\n¿Qué causa el delirio?\nHay muchos problemas diferentes que pueden causar delirio. Algunas de las causas más comunes incluyen:\n• Cáncer avanzado\n• Alcohol o drogas, ya sea por intoxicación o abstinencia: Esto incluye un tipo grave de síndrome de abstinencia de alcohol llamado delirium tremens. Por lo general, ocurre en personas que dejan de beber después de años de trastorno por consumo de alcohol\n• Deshidratación y desequilibrios electrolíticos\n• Demencia\n• Hospitalización: Especialmente en cuidados intensivos\n• Infecciones: Como infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonía y gripe\n• Medicamentos: Esto podría ser un efecto secundario de un medicamento, como sedantes u opioides, o podría ser por abstinencia después de suspender un medicamento\n• Trastornos metabólicos\n• Insuficiencia orgánica, como insuficiencia renal o hepática\n• Envenenamiento\n• Enfermedades graves\n• Dolor severo\n• Privación del sueño\n• Cirugías: Incluyendo reacciones a la anestesia\n¿Quién tiene una mayor probabilidad de tener delirio?\nCiertos factores pueden ponerle en riesgo de delirio, incluyendo:\n• Estar en un hospital o residencia para adultos mayores\n• Tener demencia\n• Tener una enfermedad grave o más de una enfermedad\n• Tener una infección\n• Tener edad avanzada\n• Tener una cirugía\n• Tomar medicamentos que afectan la mente o el comportamiento\n• Tomar altas dosis de analgésicos como opioides\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del delirio?\nEn general, los síntomas del delirio comienzan de repente, en unas pocas horas o pocos días. A menudo van y vienen. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:\n• Cambios en el estado de alerta (comúnmente más alerta en la mañana, menos en la noche)\n• Cambios en los niveles de conciencia\n• Confusión\n• Pensamiento desorganizado (hablar de una manera que no tiene sentido)\n• Patrones de sueño interrumpidos, somnolencia\n• Cambios emocionales como ira, agitación, depresión, irritabilidad, sobreexcitación\n• Alucinaciones y delirios\n• Incontinencia\n• Problemas de memoria, en especial con la memoria a corto plazo\n• Problemas para concentrarse\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el delirio?\nSu profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico utilizando:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Exámenes físicos y neurológicos\n• Pruebas de estado mental, que detectan problemas con su pensamiento y estado de alerta\n• Pruebas de laboratorio y de diagnóstico por imágenes\nEl delirio y la demencia tienen síntomas similares, por lo que puede ser difícil distinguirlos. También puede tener ambos al mismo tiempo. Las diferencias entre ellos son que:\n• El delirio comienza repentinamente y puede causar alucinaciones. Es principalmente un problema de atención y de mantenerse alerta. Los síntomas pueden mejorar o empeorar y pueden durar horas o semanas\n• La demencia se desarrolla lentamente y no causa alucinaciones. Suele comenzar con pérdida de memoria. Los síntomas no cambian con frecuencia, como ocurre con el delirio. La demencia casi nunca mejora\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el delirio?\nEl tratamiento del delirio se centra en las causas y síntomas del delirio. El primer paso es identificar la causa. A menudo, tratar la causa puede llevar a una recuperación completa. La recuperación puede tomar algún tiempo, semanas o incluso meses. Mientras tanto, pueden haber tratamientos que ayuden a controlar los síntomas, como:\n• Controlar el ambiente, lo que incluye asegurarse de que la habitación esté tranquila y bien iluminada, que tenga relojes o calendarios a la vista y que haya miembros de la familia cerca\n• Medicamentos, incluyendo los que controlan la agresión o la agitación y analgésicos si hay dolor\n• Si es necesario, asegúrese de que la persona tenga audífonos, anteojos u otros dispositivos para comunicarse\n¿Se puede prevenir el delirio?\nEl tratamiento de las afecciones que pueden causar delirio puede reducir el riesgo de tenerlo. Los hospitales pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo de delirio al evitar los sedantes y asegurarse de que la habitación del hospital se mantenga tranquila y bien iluminada. También puede ayudar tener miembros de la familia cerca y que los mismos miembros del personal traten cada día a la persona (de ser posible).","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0168","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"personality-and-behaviour-changes-due-to-brain-disease-or-injury","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/personality-and-behaviour-changes-due-to-brain-disease-or-injury","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F07","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6E68","display":"Secondary personality change","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1324394161","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1324394161"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Personality and behaviour changes due to brain disease or injury","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de personalitate și comportament datorate bolii sau leziunii cerebrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الشخصية والسلوك بسبب مرض أو إصابة الدماغ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy osobnosti a chování způsobené onemocněním či poškozením mozku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Persönlichkeits- und Verhaltensstörungen durch Hirnerkrankung oder -schädigung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές προσωπικότητας και συμπεριφοράς λόγω εγκεφαλικής νόσου ή βλάβης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la personalidad y del comportamiento por enfermedad o lesión cerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de la personnalité et du comportement dus à une maladie ou lésion cérébrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्तिष्क रोग या चोट से व्यक्तित्व और व्यवहार में बदलाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Agyi betegség vagy sérülés okozta személyiség- és viselkedészavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi di personalità e comportamento da malattia o lesione cerebrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脳疾患・損傷によるパーソナリティ・行動の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌 질환·손상에 의한 인격 및 행동 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia osobowości i zachowania spowodowane chorobą lub uszkodzeniem mózgu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios de personalidade e comportamento por doença ou lesão cerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства личности и поведения вследствие болезни или повреждения мозга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy osobnosti a správania spôsobené ochorením či poškodením mozgu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Beyin hastalığı veya hasarına bağlı kişilik ve davranış bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади особистості та поведінки внаслідок хвороби чи ушкодження мозку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑疾病或损伤所致人格和行为障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0169","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"alcohol-use-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/alcohol-use-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6C40.Z","display":"Disorders due to use of alcohol, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1676588433/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1676588433/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Alcohol use disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de consumul de alcool","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي الكحول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním alkoholu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch Alkohol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση αλκοόλ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de alcohol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés à l'alcool","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"शराब के सेवन से जुड़े विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alkoholhasználat okozta zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di alcol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アルコール使用障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알코올 사용 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem alkoholu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de álcool","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением алкоголя","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním alkoholu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alkol kullanım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням алкоголю","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"酒精使用障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Alcohol","text":"Many Americans drink alcohol at least occasionally. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans say that adults of legal drinking age should either not drink or drink in moderation. Drinking less is better for your health than drinking more. Also, there are some people who should not drink at all.\nIf you are going to drink, it's important to know how alcohol affects you and how much is too much.\nHow does alcohol affect the body?\nAlcohol is a central nervous system depressant. This means that it is a drug that slows down brain activity. It can change your mood, behavior, and self-control. It can cause problems with memory and thinking clearly. Alcohol can also affect your coordination and physical control.\nAlcohol also has effects on the other organs in your body. For example, it can raise your blood pressure and heart rate. If you drink too much at once, it could make you throw up.\nWhy are the effects of alcohol different from person to person?\nAlcohol's effects vary from person to person, depending on a variety of factors, including:\n• How much you drink\n• How often you drink\n• Your age\n• Your sex\n• Your genetics\n• Your overall health\n• Whether or not you have a family history of alcohol problems\nWhat is moderate drinking?\n• For most women, moderate drinking is no more than 1 standard drink a day\n• For most men, moderate drinking is no more than 2 standard drinks a day\nEven though moderate drinking may be safe for many people, there are still risks. Moderate drinking can raise the risk of death from certain cancers and heart diseases.\nWhat is a standard drink?\nIn the United States, a standard drink is one that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol, which is found in:\n• 12 ounces of regular beer (5% alcohol content)\n• 5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol content)\n• 1.5 ounces or a \"shot\" of distilled spirits or liquor (40% alcohol content)\nWho should not drink alcohol?\nSome people should not drink alcohol at all, including those who:\n• Are in recovery from an alcohol use disorder (AUD)\n• Are unable to control the amount they drink\n• Are under age 21\n• Are pregnant or trying to become pregnant\n• Are taking medicines that can interact with alcohol\n• Have medical conditions that can get worse if you drink alcohol\n• Are planning on driving\n• Will be operating machinery or doing activities that require skill, coordination, and alertness\nIf you have questions about whether it is safe for you to drink, talk with your health care provider.\nWhat is excessive drinking?\nExcessive drinking includes binge drinking and heavy alcohol use:\n• Binge drinking is drinking so much at once that your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level is 0.08% or more:\n• For men, this usually happens after having 5 or more drinks within a few hours.\n• For women, it is usually after about 4 or more drinks within a few hours.\n• Heavy alcohol use means:\n• For men, having more than 5 drinks on any day or more than 15 drinks per week.\n• For women, having more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 8 drinks per week.\nBinge drinking raises your risk of injuries, car crashes, and alcohol overdose. It also puts you at risk of becoming violent or being the victim of violence.\nHeavy alcohol use over a long period of time may cause health problems such as:\n• Alcohol use disorder (AUD)\n• Liver diseases, including cirrhosis and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD)\n• Heart diseases\n• Increased risk of certain cancers\n• Increased risk of injuries\nHeavy alcohol use can also cause problems at home, at work, and with friends. But treatment can help.\nNIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Alcohol","text":"Muchos estadounidenses beben alcohol al menos ocasionalmente. Las Guías Alimentarias para Estadounidenses establecen que los adultos que tienen la edad legal para beber no deben beber o deben hacerlo con moderación. Beber menos es más saludable que beber más. Además, hay personas que no deberían beber en absoluto.\nSi va a beber, es importante conocer cómo puede afectarle el alcohol y cuánto es demasiado.\n¿Cómo el alcohol afecta al cuerpo?\nEl alcohol es un depresor del sistema nervioso central, es decir, es una droga que hace más lenta la actividad cerebral. Puede cambiar su estado de ánimo, comportamiento y autocontrol. Puede causar problemas de memoria y dificultar el pensamiento claro. También puede afectar su coordinación y control físico.\nAdemás, el alcohol también afecta otros órganos del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, puede elevar la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca. Si bebe demasiado de una sola vez, puede causarle vómitos.\n¿Por qué los efectos del alcohol son diferentes de persona a persona?\nLos efectos del alcohol varían de persona a persona, dependiendo de una variedad de factores, incluyendo:\n• Cuánto bebe\n• Cuán seguido bebe\n• La cantidad de comida que consumió antes de beber\n• Su edad\n• Su sexo\n• Su genética\n• Su estado de salud\n• Si tiene o no antecedentes familiares de problemas con el alcohol\n¿Qué es el consumo moderado de alcohol?\n• Para la mayoría de las mujeres, beber moderadamente significa no más de un trago estándar al día\n• Para la mayoría de los hombres, significa no más de dos tragos estándar al día\nSi bien beber moderadamente puede ser seguro para muchas personas, hay ciertos riesgos. Beber en forma moderada puede aumentar el riesgo de muerte por ciertos tipos de cáncer y enfermedades del corazón.\n¿Qué es un trago o bebida estándar?\nEn los Estados Unidos, un trago estándar (conocido también como unidad de bebida estándar) es aquella que contiene alrededor de 14 gramos de alcohol puro, que se encuentra en:\n• 12 onzas de cerveza normal (5% de contenido de alcohol)\n• 5 onzas de vino (12% de contenido de alcohol)\n• 1.5 onzas o un \"trago\" de alcohol destilado o licor (40% de contenido de alcohol)\n¿Quién no debería beber alcohol?\nAlgunas personas no deberían beber en absoluto, por ejemplo:\n• Personas que se encuentran en rehabilitación por trastorno por consumo de alcohol\n• Personas que no pueden controlar la cantidad que beben\n• Menores de 21 años\n• Mujeres embarazadas o que están tratando de quedar embarazadas\n• Personas que están tomando medicamentos que pueden interactuar con el alcohol\n• Personas con problemas médicos que pueden empeorar si beben alcohol\n• Personas que vayan a conducir\n• Personas que vayan a operar maquinaria o realizarán actividades que requieran habilidad, coordinación y estado de alerta\nSi tiene preguntas sobre si es seguro beber, hable con su profesional de la salud.\n¿Qué es el consumo excesivo de alcohol?\nEl consumo excesivo de alcohol incluye los atracones de alcohol y consumir alcohol en exceso:\n• El atracón de alcohol es beber tanto de una vez que su nivel de concentración de alcohol en la sangre (BAC) es del 0,08 % o más:\n• En el caso de los hombres, esto suele ocurrir después de tomar 5 o más tragos en pocas horas\n• En el caso de las mujeres, suele ser después de unos 4 tragos o más en pocas horas\n• Consumo excesivo de alcohol significa:\n• Para hombres, tomar más de 5 tragos en cualquier día o más de 15 tragos por semana\n• Para mujeres, tomar más de 4 tragos en cualquier día o más de 8 tragos por semana\nLos atracones de alcohol aumentan el riesgo de lesiones, accidentes automovilísticos o sobredosis. También puede ponerle en riesgo de volverle violento o ser víctima de violencia.\nConsumir alcohol en exceso durante demasiado tiempo puede causar problemas de salud como:\n• Trastorno por consumo de alcohol\n• Enfermedades del hígado, incluyendo cirrosis y enfermedad del enfermedad hepática asociada al alcohol (ALD)\n• Enfermedades cardíacas\n• Mayor riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer\n• Mayor riesgo de lesiones\nConsumir alcohol en exceso también puede causar problemas en el hogar, en el trabajo y con los amigos. Sin embargo, el tratamiento puede ayudar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0170","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"opioid-use-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/opioid-use-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F11","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Opioid use disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de consumul de opioide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي المواد الأفيونية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním opioidů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch Opioide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση οπιοειδών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de opioides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés aux opioïdes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ओपिओइड के सेवन से जुड़े विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Opioidhasználat okozta zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di oppioidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"オピオイド使用障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"오피오이드 사용 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem opioidów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de opioides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением опиоидов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním opioidov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Opioid kullanım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням опіоїдів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿片类物质使用障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)","text":"What are opioids?\nOpioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription pain relievers such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid. Some opioids are made from the opium plant, and others are synthetic (man-made).\nA health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for chronic pain.\nWhat are the side effects and risks of opioids?\nOpioids can cause side effects such as drowsiness, mental fog, nausea, and constipation. They may also cause slowed breathing, which can lead to overdose deaths. If someone has signs of an overdose, call 911. These signs may include:\n• Very small pupils of the eyes\n• Falling asleep or loss of consciousness\n• Slow, shallow breathing\n• Choking or gurgling sounds\n• Vomiting\n• Limp body\n• Pale, blue, or cold skin\n• Faint heartbeat\n• Purple lips and fingernails\nWhen using opioids, there is also a risk of opioid use disorder (OUD).\nWhat is opioid use disorder (OUD)?\nOpioid use disorder (OUD) means that you have a problematic pattern of using opioids. The pattern causes a lot of distress and impairment (meaning that it causes problems in and interferes with your daily life). Instead of OUD, sometimes people use the terms \"opioid dependence\" and \"opioid addiction.\" Dependence means feeling withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes a person to compulsively seek out drugs, even though they cause harm.\nThe risk of OUD is higher if you misuse the medicines. Misuse can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.\nOpioid use disorder and overdoses are serious public health problems in the United States. As more people misuse opioids, more women are misusing opioids during pregnancy. This can lead to health risks for the mother and baby. The baby may be born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS is a group of withdrawal symptoms that a baby has after being exposed to drugs during pregnancy.\nAnother problem with increased opioid misuse is that it can also lead to more heroin use. There are some people who switch from prescription opioids to heroin because heroin may be cheaper and easier to get.\nHow are opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose treated?\nThere are effective medicines to treat OUD. Using medicines to treat OUD is called medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). MOUD can help you stop using the drug, get through withdrawal, and cope with cravings. It is often combined with behavioral therapy and counseling. Having support from family and friends can also help.\nThere is also a medicine called naloxone which can treat opioid overdoses. It can reverse the effects of the overdose and prevent death if it is given quickly.\nHow can I prevent problems when taking prescription opioids?\nTo prevent problems with prescription opioids, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions when taking them. Do not share your medicines with anyone else. Contact your doctor if you have any concerns about taking the medicines.\nNIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides","text":"¿Qué son los opioides?\nLos opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos u opiáceos, son un tipo de\ndroga. Incluyen fuertes analgésicos recetados como oxicodona,\nhidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal heroína también es un\nopioide. Algunos opioides están hechos de la planta del opio y otros son\nsintéticos (hechos por el hombre).\nUn profesional de la salud puede recetar un opioide para reducir el\ndolor después de haber tenido una lesión seria o una cirugía. Puede\nobtenerlos si tiene un dolor intenso debido a problemas de salud como el\ncáncer. Algunos proveedores los recetan para el dolor crónico.\n¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios y los riesgos de los opioides?\nLos opioides pueden causar efectos secundarios como somnolencia,\nniebla mental, náuseas y estreñimiento. También pueden provocar una\nrespiración más lenta, lo que puede provocar la muerte por sobredosis.\nSi una persona tiene signos de una sobredosis, llame al 911. Estos\nsignos pueden incluir:\n• Pupilas de los ojos muy pequeñas\n• Quedarse dormido o perder el conocimiento\n• Respiración lenta y superficial\n• Sonidos de asfixia o gorgoteo\n• Vómitos\n• Cuerpo flácido\n• Piel pálida, azulada o fría\n• Latidos cardíacos débiles\n• Labios y uñas morados\nCuando se usan opioides, también existe el riesgo de trastorno por\nconsumo de opioides.\n¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de opioides?\nEl trastorno por consumo de opioides significa que usted tiene un\npatrón problemático de uso de opioides. Este patrón causa mucha\nangustia y discapacidad (es decir, causa problemas e interfiere con su\nvida diaria). En vez de trastorno por consumo de opioides, a veces las\npersonas lo llaman \"dependencia de opioides\" y \"adicción a opioides\".\nLa dependencia significa sentir síntomas de abstinencia cuando no está\ntomando la droga. La adicción es una enfermedad cerebral crónica que\nhace que una persona busque drogas compulsivamente, aunque le causen\ndaño.\nEl riesgo de trastorno por consumo de opioides es mayor si hace un\nuso indebido de los medicamentos. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.\nEl trastorno por consumo de opioides y las sobredosis son problemas\ngraves de salud pública en los Estados Unidos. A medida que más\npersonas usan indebidamente de los opioides, más mujeres abusan de los opioides durante el embarazo. Esto puede significar riesgos para la salud\nde la madre y el bebé. El bebé puede nacer con síndrome de abstinencia\nneonatal. Este es un grupo de síntomas de abstinencia que tiene un bebé\ndespués de haber estado expuesto a drogas durante el embarazo.\nOtro problema con el aumento del uso indebido de opioides es que\ntambién puede causar un mayor uso de heroína. Hay algunas personas\nque cambian los opioides recetados por la heroína porque la heroína\npuede ser más barata y fácil de conseguir.\n¿Cómo se trata el trastorno por consumo de opioides y la\nsobredosis de opioides?\nExisten medicamentos efectivos para tratar el trastorno por consumo\nde opioides. Los medicamentos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides pueden ayudar a dejar la droga, superar la abstinencia y hacer\nfrente a los deseos por consumirla. A menudo se combina con terapia\nconductual y consejería. Tener el apoyo de familiares y amigos también\npuede ayudar.\nTambién existe un medicamento llamado naloxona que puede tratar\nlas sobredosis de opioides. Puede revertir los efectos de la sobredosis y\nprevenir la muerte si se administra rápidamente.\n¿Cómo prevenir problemas al tomar opioides recetados?\nPara prevenir problemas con los opioides recetados, asegúrese de\nseguir las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud cuando los tome.\nNo comparta sus medicamentos con nadie más. Hable con su proveedor\nde atención de salud si tiene alguna inquietud sobre cómo tomar los\nmedicamentos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0042","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Opioid-Related Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0171","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cannabis-use-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cannabis-use-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F12","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6C41.Z","display":"Disorders due to use of cannabis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1913137404/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1913137404/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cannabis use disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de consumul de canabis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي القنب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním konopí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch Cannabis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση κάνναβης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de cannabis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés au cannabis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"भांग (कैनबिस) के सेवन से जुड़े विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kannabiszhasználat okozta zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di cannabis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"大麻使用障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"대마 사용 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem konopi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de cannabis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением каннабиса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním konope","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Esrar kullanım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням канабісу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"大麻使用障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cannabis","text":"What is cannabis?\nCannabis, also known as marijuana, is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried parts from the cannabis plant. The plant contains chemicals that affect the brain and can change how you feel or think.\nThe main active chemicals are cannabinoids, including:\n• THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which causes the \"high\"\n• CBD (cannabidiol), which does not cause a high\nHow do people use cannabis?\nThere are many ways that people use cannabis, including:\n• Rolling it up and smoking it like a cigarette (\"joint\") or cigar (\"blunt\")\n• Smoking it in a pipe (\"bowl\") or water pipe (\"bong\")\n• Mixing it into drinks like tea, or food like cakes or brownies (\"edibles\")\n• Smoking concentrated oils (\"dabbing\")\n• Using electronic vaporizers (\"vaping\")\n• Taking liquid drops under the tongue (\"tinctures\")\n• Applying it to the skin as lotions or balms (\"topicals\")\nTopical products usually do not cause a high.\nWhat are the effects of cannabis?\nCannabis can cause short-term and long-term effects. These can vary depending on:\n• How much you use\n• How often you use it\n• The THC level\n• The ingredients\n• How you take it\n• Other medicines or drugs used at the same time\n• Other health conditions you have\n• Your age and sex\n• Your experience with cannabis\nShort-term effects:\nWhile you are high, you may notice:\n• Changes in senses, such as seeing brighter colors\n• Altered sense of time, such as minutes seeming like hours\n• Changes in mood\n• Problems with body movement\n• Trouble with thinking, problem-solving, and memory\n• Increased appetite\n• Slower reaction time\nSecondhand smoke from cannabis products has many of the same risks as secondhand tobacco smoke.\nLong-term effects:\nIn the long term, cannabis can cause health problems, which can include:\n• Problems with brain development. People who started using cannabis as teenagers may have trouble with thinking, memory, and learning.\n• Coughing and breathing problems, if you smoke cannabis frequently.\n• Repeated episodes of nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain due to long-term, heavy cannabis use. This is called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS).\n• Problems with fetal and child development during and after pregnancy, if you smoke cannabis while pregnant.\nHeavy long-term use of cannabis has been linked to increased risk of cancer, digestive issues, heart problems, and mental health problems.\nCan you overdose on cannabis?\nIt is possible to overdose on cannabis, if you take a very high dose. You may feel anxious or panicked or have a rapid heartbeat. In rare cases, an overdose can cause paranoia and hallucinations. There are no reports of people dying from just using cannabis.\nIs cannabis addictive?\nCannabis can be addictive. THC levels in products have increased over time. Stronger products raise the risk of addiction, known as cannabis use disorder. You are more likely to become addicted if you use cannabis every day or started using it when you were a teenager.\nWhen you try to quit, you may have mild withdrawal symptoms such as:\n• Irritability\n• Trouble sleeping\n• Decreased appetite\n• Anxiety\n• Cravings\nWhat is medical cannabis?\nThe cannabis plant contains chemicals that may help with some health problems, but it's not clear if the whole plant can treat or cure them.\nRecreational cannabis is still illegal under federal law. Federal rules have eased somewhat for medical cannabis and FDA-approved cannabis drugs.\nThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved man-made forms of THC. These drugs treat nausea caused by chemotherapy and increase appetite in people with certain health conditions who have lost a lot of weight. There is also a liquid drug that contains CBD. It treats three forms of severe childhood epilepsy.\nResearchers are studying whether cannabis and its ingredients may treat more conditions. Most U.S. states allow medical cannabis, and about half also allow recreational use for adults 21 and older.\nNIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cannabis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cannabis","text":"¿Qué es el cannabis?\nEl cannabis, también conocido como marihuana, es una mezcla verde, marrón o gris de partes secas de la planta de cannabis. La planta contiene sustancias químicas que actúan en el cerebro y que pueden alterar las emociones y los pensamientos.\nLos cannabinoides son las principales sustancias químicas que lo componen, entre estas se incluyen:\n• El tetrahidrocanabinol (THC), que causa los efectos psicoactivos\n• El canabidiol (CBD), que no causa los efectos psicoactivos\n¿Cómo consumen el cannabis las personas?\nHay muchas formas de consumir cannabis, entre ellas:\n• Fumarlo enrollado como un cigarrillo de cannabis (joint) o un cigarro relleno de cannabis (blunt)\n• Fumarlo en una pipa o una pipa de agua (bong)\n• Mezclarlo en bebidas, como el té, o en alimentos, como pasteles o brownies (comestibles)\n• Fumar aceite de cannabis (dabbing o encerado)\n• Usar un vaporizador (vapear)\n• Colocar gotas líquidas debajo de la lengua (tinturas de cannabis)\n• Aplicarlo sobre la piel en forma de lociones o bálsamos (productos tópicos)\nLos productos tópicos por lo general no producen efectos psicoactivos.\n¿Cuáles son los efectos del cannabis?\nEl cannabis puede causar efectos a corto y largo plazo. Estos a veces varían según:\n• La cantidad que consuma\n• La frecuencia con que lo consuma\n• El nivel de THC del producto\n• Los ingredientes del producto\n• La forma de consumirlo\n• Otros medicamentos o drogas que use al mismo tiempo\n• Otras afecciones que tenga\n• Su edad y sexo\n• Su experiencia previa con el consumo de cannabis\nEfectos a corto plazo:\nMientras está bajo los efectos del cannabis, es posible que note:\n• Cambios en la percepción de los sentidos, como ver los colores más intensos\n• Alteración de la percepción del tiempo; por ejemplo, sentir que unos minutos parecen horas\n• Cambios en el estado de ánimo\n• Problemas para coordinar los movimientos del cuerpo\n• Dificultad para pensar, resolver problemas y recordar información\n• Aumento del apetito\n• Un tiempo de reacción más lento\nEl humo de segunda mano de los productos de cannabis presenta muchos de los mismos riesgos que el humo de segunda mano del tabaco.\nEfectos a largo plazo:\nA largo plazo, el consumo de cannabis puede causar problemas de salud, entre ellos:\n• Problemas en el desarrollo del cerebro. Las personas que comenzaron a consumir cannabis durante la adolescencia pueden tener dificultades para pensar, recordar y aprender\n• Tos y problemas respiratorios si fuma cannabis con frecuencia\n• Episodios repetitivos de náuseas, vómitos y dolor de estómago debido al consumo excesivo y prolongado de cannabis. Esto se conoce como síndrome de hiperémesis por cannabis (CHS)\n• Problemas en el desarrollo del feto y del niño durante y después del embarazo, si consume cannabis cuando está en estado de embarazo\nEl consumo excesivo y prolongado de cannabis está relacionado con un aumento en el riesgo de presentar cáncer, además de problemas digestivos, cardíacos y mentales.\n¿Se puede sufrir una sobredosis de cannabis?\nSí es posible sufrir una sobredosis de cannabis si consume una cantidad muy alta. Puede sentir ansiedad, pánico y latidos cardíacos rápidos. En casos poco frecuentes, una sobredosis puede causar paranoia y alucinaciones. No se han reportado muertes causadas únicamente por el consumo de cannabis.\n¿Es adictivo el cannabis?\nEl cannabis puede ser adictivo. Con el tiempo, los niveles de THC en los productos de cannabis han aumentado. Los productos con concentraciones más altas de THC aumentan el riesgo de adicción, conocida como trastorno por consumo de cannabis. Es más probable que desarrolle una adicción si lo consume todos los días o si comenzó a consumirlo durante la adolescencia.\nCuando intenta dejar de consumir cannabis, puede presentar síntomas leves de abstinencia, como:\n• Irritabilidad\n• Dificultad para dormir\n• Disminución del apetito\n• Ansiedad\n• Deseos intensos de consumir cannabis\n¿Qué es el cannabis medicinal?\nLa planta de cannabis contiene sustancias químicas que ayudan a tratar algunos problemas de salud. Sin embargo, no está claro si la planta entera puede tratarlas o curarlas.\nEl cannabis para uso recreativo todavía es ilegal según la ley federal. Las normas federales se han flexibilizado en cierta medida con respecto al cannabis medicinal y a los medicamentos a base de cannabis aprobados por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA).\nLa FDA ha aprobado formas sintéticas de THC. Estos medicamentos se utilizan para tratar las náuseas causadas por la quimioterapia y aumentar el apetito en personas con ciertas afecciones que han perdido mucho peso. También se encuentra disponible un medicamento líquido que contiene CBD para tratar tres formas de epilepsia infantil grave.\nLos investigadores están estudiando si el cannabis y sus componentes pueden ayudar en el tratamiento de otras afecciones. La mayoría de los estados de los Estados Unidos permiten el uso de cannabis medicinal y aproximadamente la mitad también permite el consumo recreativo por parte de adultos de 21 años o más.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Abuso de Drogas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cannabis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0172","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sedative-or-sleeping-pill-use-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sedative-or-sleeping-pill-use-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F13","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sedative or sleeping-pill use disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de consumul de sedative sau hipnotice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي المهدئات أو المنومات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním sedativ nebo hypnotik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch Sedativa oder Hypnotika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση ηρεμιστικών ή υπνωτικών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de sedantes o hipnóticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés aux sédatifs ou hypnotiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"शामक या नींद की दवाओं के सेवन से जुड़े विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nyugtatók vagy altatók használata okozta zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di sedativi o ipnotici","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鎮静薬・睡眠薬使用障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"진정제 또는 수면제 사용 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem leków uspokajających lub nasennych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de sedativos ou hipnóticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением седативных или снотворных средств","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním sedatív alebo hypnotík","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sedatif veya uyku ilacı kullanım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням седативних або снодійних засобів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"镇静剂或催眠药使用障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Prescription Drug Misuse","text":"What is prescription drug misuse?\nIf you take a medicine in a different way than your health care provider prescribed, it's called prescription drug misuse. It could be:\n• Taking medicine prescribed for someone else.\n• Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to.\n• Taking the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing your tablets, you might crush them and then snort or inject them.\n• Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high.\nMisusing some prescription drugs can lead to addiction. These include opioids, sedatives, tranquilizers, and stimulants. Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease. It causes a person to take drugs repeatedly despite the harm they cause.\nWho is at risk for prescription drug misuse?\nPrescription drug misuse can affect anyone at any age, including teenagers and older adults. It can happen if you need certain medicines to treat a medical condition, reduce pain after an injury or surgery, or for chronic pain.\nRisk factors can include:\n• A lack of knowledge about the prescription drug and possible risks\n• A previous addiction to other substances, including alcohol and tobacco\n• Certain mental health conditions\nWhat are the risks of prescription drug misuse?\nPrescription drug misuse can have serious medical consequences. Every medicine has some risk of side effects, which providers think about when prescribing medicines. People who misuse these drugs may not know the risks. Some medicines may not be safe for them, especially at higher doses or when taken with other medicines.\nWhat are treatments for prescription drug misuse?\nTreatment for prescription drug misuse often includes medicines and counseling, but it depends on the type of drug and your needs.\nThe counseling may be individual, family, and/or group therapy. It can help you:\n• Understand why prescription drug misuse began\n• Learn how to change unhealthy patterns of thinking and behavior\n• Manage personal problems and develop positive relationships\n• Learn how to manage cravings and avoid situations that could lead to a relapse\nStopping or cutting back on prescription drugs used for a while, may cause different symptoms for different drugs. This is called withdrawal. Your provider will work with you to manage the symptoms as your body gets used to being taken off the medicine.\nHow can I prevent problems with taking prescription drugs?\nProviders and pharmacists play a role in preventing or reducing prescription drug misuse, but you can also take steps to reduce your risk.\nA few ways to help reduce your risk and make sure that you are using any prescription medicines correctly include:\n• Talk to your provider about any other prescription medicines, over-the-counter-medicines, and supplements that you're taking to see if it is safe to take the prescription drug with them.\n• Follow the directions carefully and take medicine as prescribed. If you're taking prescription drugs for pain and it isn't working, don't stop or change the amount you're taking without talking to your provider.\n• If your provider prescribes opioids, ask about the risks and benefits of taking the medicine, and if another medicine with less risk of addiction could be used.\nNIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados","text":"¿Qué es el uso indebido de medicamentos recetados?\nSi usted toma un medicamento de una forma distinta a lo que su proveedor de salud le recetó, eso se conoce como uso indebido de drogas con receta. Esto puede significar:\n• Tomar un medicamento que fue recetado para otra persona\n• Tomar una dosis mayor a la recomendada\n• Tomar el medicamento de una forma diferente a la recetada. Esto podría ser moliendo la medicina para luego inhalarla o inyectarla\n• Usar la medicina para otro propósito, como drogarse\nUsar de forma indebida algunos medicamentos recetados puede provocar una adicción. Estos incluyen opioides, sedantes, tranquilizantes y estimulantes. La drogadicción es una enfermedad cerebral crónica. Hace que una persona consuma drogas repetidamente a pesar del daño que causan.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de usar indebidamente medicamentos recetados?\nEl uso indebido de medicamentos recetados puede afectar a cualquier persona de cualquier edad, incluyendo adolescentes y adultos mayores. Puede ocurrir si necesita ciertos medicamentos para tratar una afección médica, reducir el dolor después de una lesión o cirugía, o para el dolor crónico.\nLos factores de riesgo pueden incluir:\n• Falta de conocimiento sobre el medicamento recetado y sus posibles riesgos\n• Adicción previa a otras sustancias, como el alcohol y el tabaco\n• Ciertas afecciones de salud mental\n¿Cuáles son los riesgos del uso indebido de medicamentos recetados?\nEl uso indebido de medicamentos recetados puede tener graves consecuencias médicas. Cada medicamento tiene algún riesgo de provocar efectos secundarios y los profesionales de la salud tienen esto en cuenta al recetarlos. Las personas que usan en forma indebida estos medicamentos pueden que no entiendan los riesgos. Algunos medicamentos podrían no ser seguros para ellos, especialmente en dosis más altas o cuando se combinan con otras medicinas.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el uso indebido de medicamentos recetados?\nEl tratamiento para el uso indebido de medicamentos recetados suele incluir medicinas y consejería, pero depende del tipo de medicamento y de sus necesidades.\nLa consejería puede ser individual, familiar o grupal. Puede ayudarle a:\n• Entender por qué comenzó el uso indebido de medicamentos recetados\n• Aprender a cambiar patrones de pensamiento y comportamiento poco saludables\n• Gestionar los problemas personales y desarrollar relaciones positivas\n• Aprender a controlar el deseo de consumir el medicamento y evitar situaciones que podrían llevar a una recaída\nEliminar o reducir el consumo de medicamentos recetados que ha tomado durante un tiempo puede causar diferentes síntomas según la medicina que tome. A esto se le llama abstinencia. Su proveedor de salud trabajará con usted para controlar los síntomas a medida que su cuerpo se acostumbra a la suspensión del medicamento.\n¿Cómo puedo prevenir problemas al tomar medicamentos recetados?\nLos proveedores de salud y farmaceutas desempeñan un papel importante en la prevención o reducción del uso indebido de medicamentos recetados, pero usted también puede tomar medidas para reducir el riesgo.\nAlgunas maneras de ayudar a reducir el riesgo y asegurarse de usar correctamente los medicamentos recetados son:\n• Consulte con su proveedor de salud sobre cualquier otro medicamento recetado, de venta libre o suplemento que esté tomando para ver si es seguro tomarlo de forma combinada\n• Siga atentamente las instrucciones y tome el medicamento según lo prescrito. Si toma analgésicos recetados y no le funcionan, no los suspenda ni cambie la dosis sin consultar con su proveedor\n• Si su profesional le receta opioides, pregúntele sobre los riesgos y beneficios de tomarlos y si podría usar otro medicamento con menor riesgo de adicción\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Abuso de Drogas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0173","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cocaine-use-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cocaine-use-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F14","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cocaine use disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de consumul de cocaină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي الكوكايين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním kokainu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch Kokain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση κοκαΐνης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de cocaína","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés à la cocaïne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कोकीन के सेवन से जुड़े विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kokainhasználat okozta zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di cocaina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"コカイン使用障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"코카인 사용 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem kokainy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de cocaína","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением кокаина","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním kokaínu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kokain kullanım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням кокаїну","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"可卡因使用障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cocaine","text":"What is cocaine?\nCocaine is a very addictive drug that is made from leaves of the coca plant found in South America. It is mostly available as an illegal drug that some people use to get high. In rare cases, it is also used as a prescription drug for for anesthesia during certain surgeries.\nAs a street (illegal) drug, cocaine is usually a fine, white, crystal powder. Street dealers sometimes mix it with cornstarch, talcum powder, or flour to make it look like they have more cocaine. That way they can make more money. They may also mix it with other illegal drugs. Another form of the drug is crack cocaine. Crack cocaine has been heated to make it into a rock crystal.\nHow do people use cocaine?\nPeople snort cocaine powder through the nose or rub it into their gums. Others dissolve the powder and inject it into the bloodstream. Some people inject a combination of cocaine and heroin, called a \"speedball.\" Crack cocaine is smoked.\nWhat are the short-term effects of cocaine?\nCocaine is a stimulant that can make people feel like they have more energy and are extra alert. But it can also make people feel restless, irritable, anxious, and paranoid. Large amounts of cocaine can lead to bizarre, unpredictable, and violent behavior.\nCocaine's effects appear almost immediately and disappear within a few minutes to an hour. How long the effects last and how intense they are will depend on how the person used it.\nIn some cases, cocaine can cause very serious health problems such as a heart attack, stroke, or coma.\nWhat are the long-term effects of cocaine?\nPeople who use cocaine over the long term may develop health problems. Which problems they have will depend on how they used the cocaine:\n• Snorting it can lead to a loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, nasal damage, and trouble swallowing.\n• Smoking it can cause a cough, asthma, trouble breathing, and a higher risk of infections like pneumonia.\n• Injecting it with a needle can lead to skin or soft tissue infections, as well as scarring. It can cause collapsed veins. When a vein collapses, the blood cannot flow through it. Injecting cocaine also puts a person at higher risk of getting diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C.\nOther long-term effects of cocaine use may include malnutrition and movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease.\nRepeated use of cocaine can lead to tolerance. This means users need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. At higher doses over time, the body becomes dependent on cocaine. If someone who is dependent on cocaine stops using it, they will have withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include:\n• Depression\n• Restlessness\n• Fatigue\n• Increased appetite\n• Bad dreams and insomnia\n• Slowed thinking\nRepeated use of cocaine can also lead to cocaine use disorder, also called addiction. This is more than physical dependence. It's a chronic (long-lasting) brain disorder. When someone has it, they continue to use cocaine even though it causes problems in their life. Some examples include health problems and not being able to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Getting and using cocaine becomes their main purpose in life.\nCan a person overdose on cocaine?\nIt's possible to overdose on cocaine. This happens when a person uses so much cocaine that it causes a life-threatening reaction or death. Some people use cocaine along with other drugs or alcohol. This can increase the risk of an overdose.\nA cocaine overdose can cause health problems such as:\n• Stroke\n• Seizures\n• irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)\n• Heart attack\nThere is no specific medicine to treat an overdose. Health care providers will focus on treating the specific health problems caused by the overdose.\nWhat are the treatments for cocaine use disorder?\nThe treatments for cocaine use disorder are different types of behavioral therapies. There are no medicines which can treat it.\nNIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cocaína","text":"¿Qué es la cocaína?\nLa cocaína es una droga muy adictiva que se elabora a partir de las hojas de coca, una planta que crece en América del Sur. Algunas personas usan esta sustancia ilegal para drogarse. En casos raros, también se utiliza como medicamento recetado para anestesia durante ciertas cirugías.\nComo droga ilegal, la cocaína suele ser un polvo cristalino fino y blanco. A veces, los traficantes la mezclan con maicena, talco o harina para que parezca que tienen más cocaína. De esa manera pueden ganar más dinero. También pueden mezclarla con otras drogas ilegales. Otra forma de droga es el crack. La cocaína crack se ha calentado para convertirla en cristal de roca.\n¿Cómo se consume la cocaína?\nLa cocaína en polvo se aspira por la nariz o se frota en las encías. Algunas personas disuelven el polvo y lo inyectan en el torrente sanguíneo. Otras se inyectan una combinación de cocaína y heroína, conocida como \"bola rápida\" o \"speedball\" en inglés. El crack se fuma.\n¿Cuáles son los efectos a corto plazo de la cocaína?\nLa cocaína es un estimulante que puede hacer sentir a sus consumidores que tienen más energía y están más alerta. Pero también puede hacer que las personas se sientan inquietas, irritables, ansiosas y paranoicas. Grandes cantidades de cocaína pueden provocar comportamientos extraños, impredecibles y violentos.\nLos efectos de la cocaína aparecen casi de inmediato y desaparecen entre unos minutos y una hora. La duración de los efectos y su intensidad depende de cómo se haya consumido.\nEn algunos casos, la cocaína puede causar problemas de salud muy graves, como un ataque cardiaco, un derrame cerebral o coma.\n¿Cuáles son los efectos a largo plazo de la cocaína?\nLas personas que consumen cocaína a largo plazo pueden desarrollar problemas de salud. Los problemas que tengan dependen de cómo consumieron la droga:\n• Aspirarla por la nariz puede provocar pérdida del sentido del olfato, hemorragia nasal, daño en la nariz y problemas para tragar\n• Fumarla puede causar tos, asma, problemas para respirar y un mayor riesgo de infecciones como neumonía\n• Inyectarla con una aguja puede causar infecciones en la piel o los tejidos blandos, así como cicatrices. Puede provocar colapso de vena. Cuando una vena colapsa, la sangre no puede fluir por ella. Inyectarse cocaína también pone a la persona en mayor riesgo de contraer enfermedades como el VIH y la hepatitis C\nOtros efectos a largo plazo del consumo de cocaína pueden incluir desnutrición y trastornos del movimiento, incluyendo mal de Parkinson.\nEl consumo repetido de cocaína puede llevar a tolerancia, es decir, los consumidores necesitan cada vez más droga para obtener el mismo efecto. Con el tiempo, las dosis más altas causan que el cuerpo se vuelva dependiente de la cocaína. Si alguien que es dependiente de la cocaína deja de consumirla, tendrá síntomas de abstinencia. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Depresión\n• Ansiedad\n• Fatiga\n• Aumento del apetito\n• Problemas para dormir e insomnio\n• Pensamiento lento\nEl consumo repetido de cocaína también puede provocar un trastorno por consumo de cocaína o adicción. Esto es más que dependencia física. Es un trastorno cerebral crónico (de larga duración). Cuando una persona tiene este trastorno, sigue consumiendo cocaína aunque le cause problemas en la vida. Algunos ejemplos incluyen problemas de salud y no poder cumplir con sus responsabilidades en el trabajo, la escuela o el hogar. Conseguir y consumir cocaína se vuelve su principal objetivo en la vida.\n¿Puede una persona tener una sobredosis de cocaína?\nEs posible tener una sobredosis de cocaína. Esto ocurre cuando una persona consume tanta cocaína que provoca una reacción potencialmente mortal o la muerte. Algunas personas consumen cocaína junto con otras drogas o alcohol. Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de una sobredosis.\nUna sobredosis de cocaína puede causar problemas de salud como:\n• Accidente cerebrovascular\n• Convulsiones\n• Latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)\n• Infarto de miocardio\nNo existe ningún medicamento específico para tratar una sobredosis. Los profesionales de la salud buscarán tratar los problemas de salud específicos causados por la sobredosis.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de cocaína?\nLos tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de cocaína son diferentes tipos de terapias conductuales. No existen medicamentos que puedan tratarlo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0174","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tobacco-use-disorders-nicotine-dependence","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tobacco-use-disorders-nicotine-dependence","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F17","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6C4A.Z","display":"Disorders due to use of nicotine, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/268445189/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#268445189/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tobacco use disorders (nicotine dependence)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de consumul de tutun (dependență de nicotină)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي التبغ (الاعتماد على النيكوتين)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním tabáku (závislost na nikotinu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch Tabak (Nikotinabhängigkeit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση καπνού (εξάρτηση από νικοτίνη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de tabaco (dependencia de la nicotina)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés au tabac (dépendance à la nicotine)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तंबाकू सेवन विकार (निकोटीन निर्भरता)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dohányzás okozta zavarok (nikotinfüggőség)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di tabacco (dipendenza da nicotina)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"タバコ使用障害（ニコチン依存）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"담배 사용 장애(니코틴 의존)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem tytoniu (uzależnienie od nikotyny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de tabaco (dependência de nicotina)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением табака (никотиновая зависимость)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním tabaku (závislosť od nikotínu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tütün kullanım bozuklukları (nikotin bağımlılığı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням тютюну (нікотинова залежність)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"烟草使用障碍（尼古丁依赖）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"E-Cigarettes","text":"E-cigarettes, or electronic cigarettes, are battery-operated smoking devices. They often look like cigarettes, but work differently. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. The user puffs on the mouthpiece of a cartridge. This causes a vaporizer to heat the liquid inside the cartridge. The liquid contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. The heated liquid turns into the vapor that is inhaled.\nSome people think that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes, and that they can be used to help people quit smoking. But not much is known about the health risks of using them, or whether they do help people quit smoking. However we do know about some dangers of e-cigarettes:\n• They contain nicotine, which is addictive\n• They contain other potentially harmful chemicals\n• There is a link between e-cigarette use and tobacco cigarette use in teens\n• The liquid in e-cigarettes can cause nicotine poisoning if someone drinks, sniffs, or touches it\nNIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cigarrillo electrónico","text":"Los cigarrillos electrónicos o cigarrillos-e son dispositivos para fumar que funcionan con baterías. A menudo se parecen a los cigarrillos, pero funcionan de forma diferente. El uso de un cigarrillo electrónico se conoce como \"vapear\". El usuario inhala desde la boquilla del dispositivo. Esto causa que el vaporizador caliente el líquido dentro del cartucho. El líquido contiene nicotina, aromas y otros productos químicos, lo que luego se convierte en el vapor que se inhala.\nAlgunas personas piensan que los cigarrillos electrónicos son más seguros que los cigarrillos comunes y que pueden ser utilizados para ayudar a la gente a dejar de fumar. Pero no se sabe mucho sobre los riesgos para la salud de su uso, o si ayudan para dejar de fumar. Sin embargo, lo que sabemos acerca de algunos peligros de los cigarrillos electrónicos es que:\n• Contienen nicotina, que es adictiva\n• Contienen otras sustancias químicas potencialmente dañinas\n• Existe una relación entre el uso del cigarrillo electrónico y el consumo de cigarrillos de tabaco en adolescentes\n• El líquido en los cigarrillos electrónicos puede causar envenenamiento por nicotina si alguien lo bebe, huele o toca\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0175","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"solvent-inhalant-use-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/solvent-inhalant-use-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F18","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6C4B.Z","display":"Disorders due to use of volatile inhalants, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1835610951/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1835610951/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Solvent (inhalant) use disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări cauzate de inhalarea de solvenți volatili","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تعاطي المذيبات المتطايرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy způsobené užíváním těkavých látek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen durch flüchtige Lösungsmittel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές από χρήση πτητικών διαλυτών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos por consumo de disolventes volátiles","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles liés aux solvants volatils","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वाष्पशील विलायकों के सेवन से जुड़े विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Illékony oldószerek használata okozta zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi da uso di solventi volatili","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"揮発性溶剤使用障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"휘발성 용제 사용 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia spowodowane używaniem lotnych rozpuszczalników","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos pelo uso de solventes voláteis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства, вызванные употреблением летучих растворителей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy spôsobené užívaním prchavých látok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Uçucu çözücü kullanım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади, спричинені вживанням летких розчинників","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"挥发性溶剂使用障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Inhalants","text":"What are inhalants?\nInhalants are substances that people inhale (breathe in) to get high. There are other substances that people might inhale, such as alcohol. But those are not called inhalants, because they can also be used another way. Inhalants are the substances that you can misuse only by inhaling them.\nUsing inhalants to try to get high, even once, can be very harmful to your brain and body. It can even lead to death.\nWhat are the types of inhalants?\nInhalants are often products that are easily bought and can be found in the home or workplace. They contain dangerous substances that have psychoactive (mind-altering) properties when they are inhaled. The four main types of inhalants are:\n• Solvents, which are liquids that become gas at room temperature. They include paint thinner, nail polish remover, gasoline, and glue.\n• Aerosol sprays, such as spray paint, deodorant spray, and vegetable oil sprays.\n• Gases, including gas from lighters, whipped cream dispensers, and laughing gas.\n• Nitrites, which are similar to a prescription medicine for chest pain. They are sometimes called \"poppers.\" They are sold in small bottles and may be labeled as \"air freshener,\" \"leather cleaner,\" or \"liquid aroma.\" They are usually not used to alter someone's mood, but to improve their sexual function.\nSome of the common slang terms for various inhalants include:\n• Gluey\n• Huff\n• Laughing gas\n• Rush\n• Snappers\n• Whippets/Whippits\nHow do people use inhalants?\nPeople who use inhalants breathe in the fumes through their nose or mouth, usually by \"sniffing,\" \"snorting,\" \"bagging,\" or \"huffing.\" It's called different names depending on the substance and equipment used.\nThe high that inhalants produce usually lasts just a few minutes, so people often try to make it last by inhaling them again and again over several hours.\nWho uses inhalants?\nInhalants are mostly used by young kids and teens. They often try inhalants before they try other substances because inhalants are easier to get.\nWhat are the signs that someone is using inhalants?\nSigns that someone is using inhalants include:\n• Chemical odors on breath or clothing\n• Paint or other stains on face, hands, or clothes\n• Hidden empty spray paint or solvent containers and chemical-soaked rags or clothing\n• Red or runny eyes or nose\n• Drunk or disoriented appearance\n• Slurred speech\n• Nausea or loss of appetite\n• Inattentiveness, lack of coordination, irritability, and depression\nWhat are the health effects of using inhalants?\nMost inhalants affect your central nervous system and slow down brain activity. Inhalants can cause both short-term and long-term health effects:\n• Short-term health effects include:\n• Slurred or distorted speech\n• Lack of body control\n• Euphoria (feeling \"high\")\n• Dizziness\n• Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't real)\n• Long-term health effects may include:\n• Liver and kidney damage\n• Loss of coordination\n• Spasms in your arms and legs\n• Delayed behavioral development\n• Brain damage\nUsing inhalants, even once, could lead to an overdose. This can cause you to have seizures or your heart to stop. It can also be deadly.\nAre inhalants addictive?\nAddiction to inhalants is rare, but it can happen if you use them repeatedly. Stopping them can cause withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, trouble sleeping, and mood changes.\nBehavioral therapy may help people who are addicted to inhalants.\nCan inhalant misuse be prevented?\nKids and teens who use inhalants to get high are more likely to try other drugs and to have a substance use disorder (SUD) later in life. So it's important to try to prevent inhalant abuse. One thing that parents can do is talk to their children about inhalants. They can explain the dangers and give their children tips on how to deal with peer pressure if someone asks them to try inhalants.\nNIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Inhalantes","text":"¿Qué son los inhalantes?\nLos inhalantes son sustancias que las personas inhalan para drogarse. Existen otras sustancias que las personas pueden inhalar, como el alcohol, pero no se llaman inhalantes porque también se pueden usar de otra manera. Los inhalantes son sustancias que solo puede usar indebidamente al inhalarlas.\nUsar inhalantes para tratar de drogarse, incluso una vez, puede ser muy dañino para su cerebro y cuerpo, e incluso puede causar la muerte.\n¿Qué tipos de inhalantes existen?\nA menudo, los inhalantes son productos que se compran fácilmente y que se pueden encontrar en el hogar o el lugar de trabajo. Contienen sustancias peligrosas que tienen propiedades psicoactivas (que alteran la mente) cuando se inhalan. Hay cuatro tipos principales de inhalantes:\n• Solventes: Líquidos que se convierten en gas a temperatura ambiente. Incluyen diluyente de pintura, quitaesmalte, gasolina y pegamento\n• Aerosoles: Como pintura en aerosol, desodorante en aerosol y aceite vegetal en aerosol\n• Gases: Incluyendo el gas de encendedores, dispensadores de crema batida y gas hilarante\n• Nitritos: Similares a los medicamentos recetados para el dolor de pecho. A veces se les llama \"poppers\". Se venden en botellas pequeñas y pueden etiquetarse como \"aromatizador de ambientes\", \"limpiador de cuero\" o \"aroma líquido\". Por lo general, no se utilizan para alterar el estado de ánimo de una persona, sino para mejorar la función sexual\nAlgunos de los términos comunes para varios inhalantes incluyen:\n• Activo\n• Mona\n• Dragón\n• Cemento\n• Poppers\n• Gomas\n• Gas de la luna\n• Perlas\n¿Cómo usan las personas los inhalantes?\nLas personas que usan inhalantes inhalan los humos a través de la nariz o la boca, generalmente \"esnifando\" o inspirando el producto. Se utilizan diferentes nombres para el consumo según la sustancia y el equipo utilizado.\nEn general, el efecto que producen los inhalantes dura unos pocos minutos, por lo que a menudo las personas intentan que dure el efecto inhalando una y otra vez durante varias horas.\n¿Quién usa inhalantes?\nLos inhalantes son utilizados principalmente por niños y adolescentes. A menudo prueban inhalantes antes de probar otras sustancias porque los inhalantes son más fáciles de obtener.\n¿Cuáles son las señales de que alguien está usando inhalantes?\nLas señales de que alguien está usando inhalantes incluyen:\n• Olores químicos en el aliento o la ropa\n• Pintura u otras manchas en la cara, manos o ropa\n• Envase de pintura en aerosol o contenedores de solventes vacíos ocultos y trapos o ropa empapados de químicos\n• Ojos o nariz rojos o con mocos\n• Apariencia borracha o desorientada\n• Hablar arrastrando las palabras\n• Náuseas o pérdida de apetito\n• Falta de atención, falta de coordinación, irritabilidad y depresión\n¿Cuáles son los efectos en la salud del uso de inhalantes?\nLa mayoría de los inhalantes afectan el sistema nervioso central y hacen más lenta la actividad cerebral. Los inhalantes pueden causar efectos a la salud a corto y largo plazo:\n• Los efectos a corto plazo en la salud incluyen:\n• Distorsión del habla o habla arrastrada\n• Falta de coordinación\n• Euforia (sentirse \"drogado\")\n• Mareos\n• Alucinaciones\n• Los efectos a largo plazo pueden incluir:\n• Daño hepático y renal\n• Pérdida de coordinación\n• Espasmos de las extremidades\n• Desarrollo conductual retrasado\n• Daño cerebral\nUsar inhalantes, incluso una vez, podría provocar una sobredosis. Esto puede provocar convulsiones o que su corazón se detenga. También puede ser mortal.\n¿Son los inhalantes adictivos?\nLa adicción a los inhalantes es rara, pero puede suceder si los usa repetidamente. Detener su uso puede causar síntomas de abstinencia como náuseas, sudoración, problemas para dormir y cambios de humor.\nLa terapia conductual puede ayudar a las personas adictas a los inhalantes.\n¿Se puede prevenir el uso indebido de inhalantes?\nLos niños y adolescentes que usan inhalantes para drogarse tienen más probabilidades de probar otras drogas y de sufrir un trastorno por consumo de sustancias más adelante en la vida. Por ello, es importante tratar de prevenir el abuso de inhalantes. Una cosa que los padres pueden hacer es hablar con sus hijos sobre los inhalantes. Pueden explicar sus peligros y brindar consejos sobre cómo lidiar con la presión de sus amigos si se les pide que los prueben.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0176","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"schizophrenia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/schizophrenia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F20","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Schizophrenia","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Esquizofrenia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Schizofrenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفصام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Schizofrenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schizophrenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σχιζοφρένεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Schizophrénie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिज़ोफ्रेनिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szkizofrénia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Schizofrenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"統合失調症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"조현병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Schizofrenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Esquizofrenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Шизофрения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Schizofrénia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şizofreni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Шизофренія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"精神分裂症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Schizophrenia","text":"Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves.\nSymptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms:\n• Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking. These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements.\n• \"Negative\" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn.\n• Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process. These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention.\nNo one is sure what causes schizophrenia. Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role.\nThere is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day. These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Esquizofrenia","text":"La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad cerebral grave. Las personas que la padecen pueden escuchar voces que no están allí. Ellos pueden pensar que otras personas quieren hacerles daño. A veces no tiene sentido cuando hablan. Este trastorno hace que sea difícil para ellos mantener un trabajo o cuidar de sí mismos.\nLos síntomas de la esquizofrenia suelen comenzar entre los 16 y 30 años. Los hombres a menudo desarrollan síntomas a una edad más temprana que las mujeres. Por lo general no se desarrolla después de los 45 años. Hay tres tipos de síntomas:\n• Síntomas psicóticos distorsionan el pensamiento de una persona. Estos incluyen alucinaciones (ver o escuchar cosas que no existen), delirios (creencias que no son ciertas), dificultad para organizar pensamientos y movimientos extraños\n• Síntomas \"negativos\" hacen que sea difícil mostrar las emociones y tener una conducta normal. Una persona puede parecer deprimida y retraída.\n• Síntomas cognitivos afectan el proceso de pensamiento. Estos incluyen problemas para usar información, la toma de decisiones, y prestar atención.\nNo se conoce la causa de la esquizofrenia. Sus genes, el medio ambiente y la química del cerebro pueden tener un rol.\nNo hay cura. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar muchos de los síntomas. Es posible que deba probar diferentes medicamentos para ver cuál funciona mejor. Deben permanecer en tratamiento durante el tiempo que su médico lo recomienda. Los tratamientos adicionales pueden ayudarle día a día a lidiar con la enfermedad. Estos incluyen la terapia, educación familiar, la rehabilitación y la capacitación profesional.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0021","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0039","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0051","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0210","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0244","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0256","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0289","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0177","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"schizotypal-disorder","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/schizotypal-disorder","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F21","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A22","display":"Schizotypal disorder","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/18178000","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#18178000"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Schizotypal disorder","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburare schizotipală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاضطراب فصامي النوع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Schizotypní porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schizotype Störung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σχιζότυπη διαταραχή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastorno esquizotípico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trouble schizotypique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्किज़ोटाइपल विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szkizotípiás zavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbo schizotipico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"統合失調型障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"조현형 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenie schizotypowe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtorno esquizotípico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Шизотипическое расстройство","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Schizotypová porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şizotipal bozukluk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Шизотиповий розлад","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"分裂型障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0178","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mood-disorders-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mood-disorders-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F30","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A8Z","display":"Mood disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/76398729/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#76398729/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Episod maniacal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نوبة هوس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Manická epizoda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Manische Episode","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μανιακό επεισόδιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Episodio maníaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Épisode maniaque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उन्माद प्रकरण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mániás epizód","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Episodio maniacale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"躁病エピソード","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"조증 삽화","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Epizod maniakalny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Episódio maníaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Маниакальный эпизод","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Manická epizóda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Manik dönem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Маніакальний епізод","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"躁狂发作","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Manic episode","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bipolar Disorder","text":"What is bipolar disorder?\nBipolar disorder is a mood disorder that can cause intense mood swings:\n• Sometimes you may feel extremely \"up,\" elated, irritable, or energized. This is called a manic episode.\n• Other times you may feel \"down,\" sad, indifferent, or hopeless. This is called a depressive episode.\n• You may have both manic and depressive symptoms together. This is called a mixed episode.\nAlong with mood swings, bipolar disorder causes changes in behavior, energy levels, and activity levels.\nBipolar disorder used to be called other names, including manic depression and manic-depressive disorder.\nWhat are the types of bipolar disorder?\nThere are three main types of bipolar disorder:\n• Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last at least 7 days or manic symptoms so severe that you need immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes are also common. Those often last at least two weeks. This type of bipolar disorder can also involve mixed episodes.\n• Bipolar II disorder involves depressive episodes. But instead of full-blown manic episodes, there are episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is a less severe version of mania.\n• Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, also involves hypomanic and depressive symptoms. But they are not as intense or as long-lasting as hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms usually last for at least two years in adults and for one year in children and teenagers.\nWith any of these types, having four or more episodes of mania or depression in a year is called \"rapid cycling.\"\nWhat causes bipolar disorder?\nThe exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors likely play a role in the disorder. They include genetics, brain structure and function, and your environment.\nWho is at risk for bipolar disorder?\nYou are at higher risk for bipolar disorder if you have a close relative who has it. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise this risk even more.\nWhat are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?\nThe symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary. But they involve mood swings known as mood episodes:\n• The symptoms of a manic episode can include:\n• Feeling very up, high, or elated\n• Feeling jumpy or wired, more active than usual\n• Having a very short temper or seeming extremely irritable\n• Having racing thoughts and talking very fast\n• Needing less sleep\n• Feeling like you are unusually important, talented, or powerful\n• Do risky things that show poor judgment, such as eating and drinking too much, spending or giving away a lot of money, or having reckless sex\n• The symptoms of a depressive episode can include:\n• Feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless\n• Feeling lonely or isolating yourself from others\n• Talking very slowly, feeling like you have nothing to say, or forgetting a lot\n• Having little energy\n• Sleeping too much\n• Eating too much or too little\n• Lack of interest in your usual activities and being unable to do even simple things\n• Thinking about death or suicide\n• The symptoms of a mixed episode include both manic and depressive symptoms together. For example, you may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same time feeling extremely energized.\nSome people with bipolar disorder may have milder symptoms. For example, you may have hypomania instead of mania. With hypomania, you may feel very good and find that you can get a lot done. You may not feel like anything is wrong. But your family and friends may notice your mood swings and changes in activity levels. They may realize that your behavior is unusual for you. After the hypomania, you might have severe depression.\nYour mood episodes may last a week or two or sometimes longer. During an episode, symptoms usually occur every day for most of the day.\nHow is bipolar disorder diagnosed?\nTo diagnose bipolar disorder, your health care provider may use many tools:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history, which will include asking about your symptoms, lifetime history, experiences, and family history\n• Medical tests to rule out other conditions\n• A mental health evaluation. Your provider may do the evaluation or may refer you to a mental health specialist to get one.\nWhat are the treatments for bipolar disorder?\nTreatment can help many people, including those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. The main treatments for bipolar disorder include medicines, psychotherapy, or both:\n• Medicines can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. You may need to try several different medicines to find which one works best for you. Some people need to take more than one medicine. It's important to take your medicine consistently. Don't stop taking it without first talking with your provider. Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicines.\n• Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies. There are several different types of psychotherapy that may help with bipolar disorder.\n• Other treatment options include:\n• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a brain stimulation procedure that can help relieve symptoms. It uses a mild electric current and is done while you are under general anesthesia. ECT is most often used for severe bipolar disorder that is not getting better with other treatments. It may also be used when someone needs a treatment that will work more quickly than medicines. This might be when a person has a high risk of suicide or is catatonic (unresponsive).\n• Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression. It is not as powerful as ECT, but with rTMS, you don't need general anesthesia. It also has a low risk of negative effects on your memory and thinking.\n• Light therapy has been shown to be effective for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Many people with bipolar disorder also find that their depression gets worse during certain seasons, usually in the fall and winter. Light therapy may help with their symptoms.\n• Healthy lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise, having a consistent sleep schedule, and keeping a mood journal, can also help with your symptoms.\nBipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. But long-term, ongoing treatment can help manage your symptoms and enable you to live a healthy, successful life.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastorno bipolar","text":"¿Qué es el trastorno bipolar?\nEl trastorno bipolar es una afección del estado de ánimo que puede provocar cambios de ánimo intensos:\n• En ocasiones puede sentirse extremadamente \"animado\", eufórico, irritable o con energía. Esto se conoce como episodio maníaco\n• Otras veces puede sentirse deprimido, triste, indiferente o desesperanzado. A esto se le llama episodio depresivo\n• Puede tener síntomas maníacos y depresivos a la vez, también conocido como episodio mixto\nJunto con los cambios de ánimo, el trastorno bipolar provoca cambios en el comportamiento, los niveles de energía y los niveles de actividad.\nEl trastorno bipolar solía tener otros nombres, como depresión maníaca y trastorno maniacodepresivo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno bipolar?\nHay tres tipos principales de trastorno bipolar:\n• El trastorno bipolar I incluye episodios maníacos que duran al menos 7 días o síntomas maníacos tan graves que necesita atención hospitalaria inmediata. Los episodios depresivos también son frecuentes. Suelen durar al menos dos semanas. Este tipo de trastorno bipolar también puede implicar episodios mixtos\n• El trastorno bipolar II se define por episodios depresivos, pero en lugar de graves episodios maníacos, se presentan episodios hipomaníacos. La hipomanía es una versión menos grave de la manía\n• El trastorno ciclotímico o ciclotimia también presenta síntomas hipomaníacos y depresivos, pero no son tan intensos o duraderos como los episodios hipomaníacos o depresivos. Los síntomas suelen durar al menos dos años en adultos y un año en niños y adolescentes\nCon cualquiera de estos tipos, un paciente que tenga cuatro o más episodios de manía o depresión en un año se conoce como \"ciclador rápido\".\n¿Qué causa el trastorno bipolar?\nNo se conoce la causa exacta del trastorno bipolar. Es probable que varios factores influyan en esta afección, incluyendo la genética, la estructura y función del cerebro y su ambiente.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener un trastorno bipolar?\nUsted tiene un mayor riesgo de trastorno bipolar si tiene un familiar cercano que lo padece. Pasar por un trauma o eventos estresantes en la vida puede aumentar aún más este riesgo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno bipolar?\nLos síntomas del trastorno bipolar pueden variar, pero involucran cambios de ánimo conocidos como episodios anímicos:\n• Los síntomas de un episodio maníaco pueden incluir:\n• Sentirse muy optimista, eufórico o animado\n• Sentirse nervioso o acelerado, más activo de lo habitual\n• Tener muy mal genio o parecer extremadamente irritable\n• Sentir que los pensamientos van muy rápido, lo mismo al hablar\n• Dormir menos\n• Sentirse inusualmente importante, talentoso o poderoso\n• Hacer cosas arriesgadas que muestren falta de juicio, como comer y beber demasiado, gastar o regalar mucho dinero o tener relaciones sexuales poco seguras\n• Los síntomas de un episodio depresivo pueden incluir:\n• Sentirse muy triste, desesperanzado o inútil\n• Sentirse solo o aislarse de los demás\n• Hablar muy despacio, sentir que no tiene nada que decir u olvidar mucho\n• Tener poca energía\n• Dormir demasiado\n• Comer demasiado o muy poco\n• Falta de interés en sus actividades habituales y no poder hacer cosas simples\n• Pensar en la muerte o el suicidio\n• Un episodio mixto incluye síntomas maníacos y depresivos. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse muy triste, vacío o desesperanzado, mientras que al mismo tiempo se siente extremadamente lleno de energía\nAlgunas personas con trastorno bipolar pueden tener síntomas más leves. Por ejemplo, puede tener hipomanía en lugar de manía. En la hipomanía, puede sentirse muy bien y descubrir que puede hacer mucho. Puede que no sienta que algo anda mal. Pero su familia y amigos pueden notar sus cambios de ánimo y en sus niveles de actividad. Es posible que se den cuenta de que su comportamiento es inusual para usted. Después de la hipomanía, es posible que tenga una depresión grave.\nLos episodios de estado de ánimo pueden durar una semana o dos o en ocasiones más. En general, los síntomas de un episodio se presentan todos los días durante la mayor parte del día.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno bipolar?\nPara diagnosticar el trastorno bipolar, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas, historial de vida, experiencias e historia familiar\n• Pruebas médicas para descartar otras afecciones\n• Una evaluación de salud mental. Su proveedor puede realizar la evaluación o puede derivarlo a un especialista en salud mental para evaluarlo\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar?\nEl tratamiento puede ayudar a muchas personas, incluyendo aquellas con las formas más graves de trastorno bipolar. Los principales tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar incluyen medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambos:\n• Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas del trastorno bipolar. Es posible que deba probar varios medicamentos diferentes para encontrar cuál funciona mejor para usted. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un medicamento. Es importante tomar su medicamento de manera constante. No deje de tomarlo sin antes hablar con su proveedor. Contacte a su profesional de la salud si tiene alguna pregunta sobre los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos\n• La psicoterapia (terapia de conversación) puede ayudarlo a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y comportamientos preocupantes. Puede brindarle a usted y su familia apoyo, educación, habilidades y estrategias para enfrentar el trastorno. Existen varios tipos diferentes de psicoterapia que pueden ayudar con el trastorno bipolar\n• Otras opciones de tratamiento incluyen:\n• Terapia electroconvulsiva: Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. Utiliza una corriente eléctrica suave y se realiza bajo anestesia general. Esta terapia se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para el trastorno bipolar grave que no mejora con otros tratamientos. También se puede usar cuando alguien necesita un tratamiento que funcione más rápidamente que los medicamentos. Esto podría suceder cuando una persona tiene un alto riesgo de suicidio o es catatónica (no responde)\n• Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr): Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas para aliviar la depresión. No es tan potente como la terapia electroconvulsiva, pero con la EMTr no se necesita anestesia general. También tiene un bajo riesgo de efectos negativos en la memoria y el pensamiento\n• Fototerapia: Se ha demostrado eficaz para el trastorno afectivo estacional (TAE). Muchas personas con trastorno bipolar también descubren que su depresión empeora durante ciertas estaciones, generalmente en otoño e invierno. La fototerapia puede ayudar con los síntomas\n• Cambios saludables en el estilo de vida: Esto incluye hacer ejercicio con regularidad, tener un horario de sueño constante y llevar un diario del estado de ánimo, lo que también pueden ayudar con los síntomas\nEl trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad de por vida. Pero el tratamiento continuo a largo plazo puede ayudar a controlar sus síntomas y permitir vivir una vida saludable y exitosa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0179","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bipolar-disorder","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bipolar-disorder","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F31","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A6Z","display":"Bipolar or related disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/613065957/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#613065957/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bipolar disorder","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburare bipolară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاضطراب ثنائي القطب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bipolární porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bipolare Störung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διπολική διαταραχή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastorno bipolar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trouble bipolaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"द्विध्रुवी विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bipoláris zavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbo bipolare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"双極性障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"양극성 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba afektywna dwubiegunowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtorno bipolar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Биполярное расстройство","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bipolárna porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bipolar bozukluk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біполярний розлад","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"双相情感障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bipolar Disorder","text":"What is bipolar disorder?\nBipolar disorder is a mood disorder that can cause intense mood swings:\n• Sometimes you may feel extremely \"up,\" elated, irritable, or energized. This is called a manic episode.\n• Other times you may feel \"down,\" sad, indifferent, or hopeless. This is called a depressive episode.\n• You may have both manic and depressive symptoms together. This is called a mixed episode.\nAlong with mood swings, bipolar disorder causes changes in behavior, energy levels, and activity levels.\nBipolar disorder used to be called other names, including manic depression and manic-depressive disorder.\nWhat are the types of bipolar disorder?\nThere are three main types of bipolar disorder:\n• Bipolar I disorder involves manic episodes that last at least 7 days or manic symptoms so severe that you need immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes are also common. Those often last at least two weeks. This type of bipolar disorder can also involve mixed episodes.\n• Bipolar II disorder involves depressive episodes. But instead of full-blown manic episodes, there are episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is a less severe version of mania.\n• Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, also involves hypomanic and depressive symptoms. But they are not as intense or as long-lasting as hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms usually last for at least two years in adults and for one year in children and teenagers.\nWith any of these types, having four or more episodes of mania or depression in a year is called \"rapid cycling.\"\nWhat causes bipolar disorder?\nThe exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors likely play a role in the disorder. They include genetics, brain structure and function, and your environment.\nWho is at risk for bipolar disorder?\nYou are at higher risk for bipolar disorder if you have a close relative who has it. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise this risk even more.\nWhat are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?\nThe symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary. But they involve mood swings known as mood episodes:\n• The symptoms of a manic episode can include:\n• Feeling very up, high, or elated\n• Feeling jumpy or wired, more active than usual\n• Having a very short temper or seeming extremely irritable\n• Having racing thoughts and talking very fast\n• Needing less sleep\n• Feeling like you are unusually important, talented, or powerful\n• Do risky things that show poor judgment, such as eating and drinking too much, spending or giving away a lot of money, or having reckless sex\n• The symptoms of a depressive episode can include:\n• Feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless\n• Feeling lonely or isolating yourself from others\n• Talking very slowly, feeling like you have nothing to say, or forgetting a lot\n• Having little energy\n• Sleeping too much\n• Eating too much or too little\n• Lack of interest in your usual activities and being unable to do even simple things\n• Thinking about death or suicide\n• The symptoms of a mixed episode include both manic and depressive symptoms together. For example, you may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same time feeling extremely energized.\nSome people with bipolar disorder may have milder symptoms. For example, you may have hypomania instead of mania. With hypomania, you may feel very good and find that you can get a lot done. You may not feel like anything is wrong. But your family and friends may notice your mood swings and changes in activity levels. They may realize that your behavior is unusual for you. After the hypomania, you might have severe depression.\nYour mood episodes may last a week or two or sometimes longer. During an episode, symptoms usually occur every day for most of the day.\nHow is bipolar disorder diagnosed?\nTo diagnose bipolar disorder, your health care provider may use many tools:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history, which will include asking about your symptoms, lifetime history, experiences, and family history\n• Medical tests to rule out other conditions\n• A mental health evaluation. Your provider may do the evaluation or may refer you to a mental health specialist to get one.\nWhat are the treatments for bipolar disorder?\nTreatment can help many people, including those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. The main treatments for bipolar disorder include medicines, psychotherapy, or both:\n• Medicines can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. You may need to try several different medicines to find which one works best for you. Some people need to take more than one medicine. It's important to take your medicine consistently. Don't stop taking it without first talking with your provider. Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicines.\n• Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies. There are several different types of psychotherapy that may help with bipolar disorder.\n• Other treatment options include:\n• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a brain stimulation procedure that can help relieve symptoms. It uses a mild electric current and is done while you are under general anesthesia. ECT is most often used for severe bipolar disorder that is not getting better with other treatments. It may also be used when someone needs a treatment that will work more quickly than medicines. This might be when a person has a high risk of suicide or is catatonic (unresponsive).\n• Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression. It is not as powerful as ECT, but with rTMS, you don't need general anesthesia. It also has a low risk of negative effects on your memory and thinking.\n• Light therapy has been shown to be effective for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Many people with bipolar disorder also find that their depression gets worse during certain seasons, usually in the fall and winter. Light therapy may help with their symptoms.\n• Healthy lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise, having a consistent sleep schedule, and keeping a mood journal, can also help with your symptoms.\nBipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. But long-term, ongoing treatment can help manage your symptoms and enable you to live a healthy, successful life.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastorno bipolar","text":"¿Qué es el trastorno bipolar?\nEl trastorno bipolar es una afección del estado de ánimo que puede provocar cambios de ánimo intensos:\n• En ocasiones puede sentirse extremadamente \"animado\", eufórico, irritable o con energía. Esto se conoce como episodio maníaco\n• Otras veces puede sentirse deprimido, triste, indiferente o desesperanzado. A esto se le llama episodio depresivo\n• Puede tener síntomas maníacos y depresivos a la vez, también conocido como episodio mixto\nJunto con los cambios de ánimo, el trastorno bipolar provoca cambios en el comportamiento, los niveles de energía y los niveles de actividad.\nEl trastorno bipolar solía tener otros nombres, como depresión maníaca y trastorno maniacodepresivo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno bipolar?\nHay tres tipos principales de trastorno bipolar:\n• El trastorno bipolar I incluye episodios maníacos que duran al menos 7 días o síntomas maníacos tan graves que necesita atención hospitalaria inmediata. Los episodios depresivos también son frecuentes. Suelen durar al menos dos semanas. Este tipo de trastorno bipolar también puede implicar episodios mixtos\n• El trastorno bipolar II se define por episodios depresivos, pero en lugar de graves episodios maníacos, se presentan episodios hipomaníacos. La hipomanía es una versión menos grave de la manía\n• El trastorno ciclotímico o ciclotimia también presenta síntomas hipomaníacos y depresivos, pero no son tan intensos o duraderos como los episodios hipomaníacos o depresivos. Los síntomas suelen durar al menos dos años en adultos y un año en niños y adolescentes\nCon cualquiera de estos tipos, un paciente que tenga cuatro o más episodios de manía o depresión en un año se conoce como \"ciclador rápido\".\n¿Qué causa el trastorno bipolar?\nNo se conoce la causa exacta del trastorno bipolar. Es probable que varios factores influyan en esta afección, incluyendo la genética, la estructura y función del cerebro y su ambiente.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener un trastorno bipolar?\nUsted tiene un mayor riesgo de trastorno bipolar si tiene un familiar cercano que lo padece. Pasar por un trauma o eventos estresantes en la vida puede aumentar aún más este riesgo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno bipolar?\nLos síntomas del trastorno bipolar pueden variar, pero involucran cambios de ánimo conocidos como episodios anímicos:\n• Los síntomas de un episodio maníaco pueden incluir:\n• Sentirse muy optimista, eufórico o animado\n• Sentirse nervioso o acelerado, más activo de lo habitual\n• Tener muy mal genio o parecer extremadamente irritable\n• Sentir que los pensamientos van muy rápido, lo mismo al hablar\n• Dormir menos\n• Sentirse inusualmente importante, talentoso o poderoso\n• Hacer cosas arriesgadas que muestren falta de juicio, como comer y beber demasiado, gastar o regalar mucho dinero o tener relaciones sexuales poco seguras\n• Los síntomas de un episodio depresivo pueden incluir:\n• Sentirse muy triste, desesperanzado o inútil\n• Sentirse solo o aislarse de los demás\n• Hablar muy despacio, sentir que no tiene nada que decir u olvidar mucho\n• Tener poca energía\n• Dormir demasiado\n• Comer demasiado o muy poco\n• Falta de interés en sus actividades habituales y no poder hacer cosas simples\n• Pensar en la muerte o el suicidio\n• Un episodio mixto incluye síntomas maníacos y depresivos. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse muy triste, vacío o desesperanzado, mientras que al mismo tiempo se siente extremadamente lleno de energía\nAlgunas personas con trastorno bipolar pueden tener síntomas más leves. Por ejemplo, puede tener hipomanía en lugar de manía. En la hipomanía, puede sentirse muy bien y descubrir que puede hacer mucho. Puede que no sienta que algo anda mal. Pero su familia y amigos pueden notar sus cambios de ánimo y en sus niveles de actividad. Es posible que se den cuenta de que su comportamiento es inusual para usted. Después de la hipomanía, es posible que tenga una depresión grave.\nLos episodios de estado de ánimo pueden durar una semana o dos o en ocasiones más. En general, los síntomas de un episodio se presentan todos los días durante la mayor parte del día.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno bipolar?\nPara diagnosticar el trastorno bipolar, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas, historial de vida, experiencias e historia familiar\n• Pruebas médicas para descartar otras afecciones\n• Una evaluación de salud mental. Su proveedor puede realizar la evaluación o puede derivarlo a un especialista en salud mental para evaluarlo\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar?\nEl tratamiento puede ayudar a muchas personas, incluyendo aquellas con las formas más graves de trastorno bipolar. Los principales tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar incluyen medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambos:\n• Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas del trastorno bipolar. Es posible que deba probar varios medicamentos diferentes para encontrar cuál funciona mejor para usted. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un medicamento. Es importante tomar su medicamento de manera constante. No deje de tomarlo sin antes hablar con su proveedor. Contacte a su profesional de la salud si tiene alguna pregunta sobre los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos\n• La psicoterapia (terapia de conversación) puede ayudarlo a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y comportamientos preocupantes. Puede brindarle a usted y su familia apoyo, educación, habilidades y estrategias para enfrentar el trastorno. Existen varios tipos diferentes de psicoterapia que pueden ayudar con el trastorno bipolar\n• Otras opciones de tratamiento incluyen:\n• Terapia electroconvulsiva: Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. Utiliza una corriente eléctrica suave y se realiza bajo anestesia general. Esta terapia se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para el trastorno bipolar grave que no mejora con otros tratamientos. También se puede usar cuando alguien necesita un tratamiento que funcione más rápidamente que los medicamentos. Esto podría suceder cuando una persona tiene un alto riesgo de suicidio o es catatónica (no responde)\n• Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr): Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas para aliviar la depresión. No es tan potente como la terapia electroconvulsiva, pero con la EMTr no se necesita anestesia general. También tiene un bajo riesgo de efectos negativos en la memoria y el pensamiento\n• Fototerapia: Se ha demostrado eficaz para el trastorno afectivo estacional (TAE). Muchas personas con trastorno bipolar también descubren que su depresión empeora durante ciertas estaciones, generalmente en otoño e invierno. La fototerapia puede ayudar con los síntomas\n• Cambios saludables en el estilo de vida: Esto incluye hacer ejercicio con regularidad, tener un horario de sueño constante y llevar un diario del estado de ánimo, lo que también pueden ayudar con los síntomas\nEl trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad de por vida. Pero el tratamiento continuo a largo plazo puede ayudar a controlar sus síntomas y permitir vivir una vida saludable y exitosa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0180","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"depression-depressive-episode","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/depression-depressive-episode","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F32","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Depression (depressive episode)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Depresie (episod depresiv)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاكتئاب (نوبة اكتئابية)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Deprese (depresivní epizoda)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Depression (depressive Episode)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κατάθλιψη (καταθλιπτικό επεισόδιο)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Depresión (episodio depresivo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dépression (épisode dépressif)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अवसाद (अवसादग्रस्त प्रकरण)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Depresszió (depressziós epizód)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Depressione (episodio depressivo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"うつ病（うつ病エピソード）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"우울증(우울 삽화)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Depresja (epizod depresyjny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Depressão (episódio depressivo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Депрессия (депрессивный эпизод)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Depresia (depresívna epizóda)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Depresyon (depresif dönem)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Депресія (депресивний епізод)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"抑郁症（抑郁发作）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Depression","text":"What is depression?\nDepression is more than a feeling of being sad or irritable for a few days. It's a serious mood disorder. As one of the most common mental disorders in the United States, depression can affect how you think, feel, and your everyday life. You may not know why you feel this way, but even basic daily activities such as sleeping, eating, or working may become difficult. Depression often needs long-term treatment but getting help at the earliest sign of a problem can help manage your symptoms.\nWhat are the different types of depression?\nThe most common types of depression are major depression and persistent depressive disorder.\n• Major depression symptoms include a depressed mood or a loss of interest. Symptoms affect your daily activities and last for at least two weeks.\n• Persistent depressive disorder (also called dysthymia or dysthymic disorder) has less severe depressive symptoms, but they last longer, usually for at least two years.\nOther types of depression can include:\n• Seasonal affective disorder comes and goes with the seasons. It usually starts in late fall and early winter and goes away during the spring and summer.\n• Bipolar disorder is sometimes called manic depression. This mood disorder can cause intense mood swings.\n• Depression with symptoms of psychosis is a severe form of depression that also has delusions (false beliefs) or hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling something that isn't there).\nWhat causes depression?\nThere are a variety of things that may cause depression, including genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Depression can happen at any age and can affect anyone, but it's more common in women. This is often due to the physical and hormonal changes that women have during menstruation, pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menopause. Other mental disorders or chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, cancer, or heart disease may occur with depression. This may make the chronic condition or depression worse.\nIn some cases, there is no clear cause for depression.\nWho is at risk of depression?\nYou may be at a higher risk of depression if you have a close relative who has it or another mental health disorder. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise your risk even more.\nWhat are the symptoms of depression?\nDepression doesn't look the same on everyone. The type and number of symptoms of depression can vary and don't always appear like sadness. Depression may affect you differently based on your:\n• Age. The symptoms of depression may be different in a child, who may appear more irritable than sad. Teens may act out or have excessive sleepiness. The symptoms for an older adult may not be as obvious as other age groups.\n• Sex. Men often show symptoms and coping behaviors differently than women. Rather than sad, men may appear angry or irritable.\n• Medical conditions. Some medicines and medical conditions may cause symptoms that look like depression. Chronic conditions may make depression worse.\nSymptoms of depression are ongoing and affect your day-to-day life. They can include:\n• Feeling sad or \"empty\"\n• Losing interest in favorite activities\n• Overeating, or not wanting to eat at all\n• Sleeping too much, or not enough\n• Feeling very tired\n• Feeling hopeless, irritable, anxious, or guilty\n• Having aches and pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems\n• Having thoughts of death or suicide\n• Changing moods or behaviors\n• Increasing use of alcohol or drugs\n• Isolating from family and friends\nHow is depression diagnosed?\nIf you think you have depression, talk to your health care provider or a mental health provider. To be diagnosed with depression, your provider may use many tools:\n• A medical history will include asking about your symptoms and family history. To be diagnosed with depression, your symptoms must occur most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks. One of the symptoms must be a depressed mood or a loss of interest in most activities.\n• Medical tests may be done to rule out other medical conditions. Certain medicines and medical conditions (such as viruses or thyroid disorders) may cause symptoms like depression.\n• A physical exam to make sure another issue isn't causing your symptoms.\n• A mental health evaluation by your provider or a mental health provider.\nWhat are the treatments for depression?\nDepression may need long-term treatment. Most treatments include medicines and/or psychotherapy (talk therapy):\n• Medicines such as antidepressants may help control your symptoms. You may need to try several medicines to find which works best for you. Medicine may take time to work and can have side effects. Don't stop taking your medicine without first talking with your provider. Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicine.\n• Psychotherapy (talk therapy) under the care of a mental health provider can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This may be done one-on-one or in a group setting. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies.\n• Light therapy has been shown to be effective for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).\n• Other treatments options may be considered if treatment isn't working or if depression is severe. These may include:\n• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a brain stimulation procedure that uses a mild electric current when you are under general anesthesia. ECT is most often used for severe depression that is not getting better with other treatments.\n• Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression. It's not as powerful as ECT, but with rTMS, you don't need anesthesia. It also has a low risk of negative effects on your memory and thinking.\nCan depression be prevented?\nMost cases of depression can't be prevented, but healthy lifestyle changes can have long-term benefits for your mental health. These can include:\n• Getting regular exercise\n• Having a consistent sleep schedule\n• Controlling stress\nIf you, or someone you love is depressed, see your provider or a mental health provider. It's important to get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem.\nIf you or someone you know has thoughts of hurting themselves or attempting suicide, get help right away. If it is an emergency, dial 911.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Depresión","text":"¿Qué es la depresión?\nLa depresión es más que una sensación de tristeza o irritabilidad durante unos días. Es un trastorno del estado de ánimo grave. Como uno de los trastornos mentales más comunes en los Estados Unidos, la depresión puede afectar la forma en cómo piensa, siente y su vida diaria. Es posible que no sepa por qué se siente así, e incluso las actividades diarias básicas, como dormir, comer o trabajar, pueden volverse difíciles. Con frecuencia, la depresión requiere tratamiento a largo plazo, pero obtener ayuda ante la primera señal de un problema puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas.\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de depresión?\nLos tipos más comunes de depresión son la depresión mayor y el trastorno depresivo persistente.\n• Depresión mayor: Sus síntomas incluyen un estado de ánimo deprimido o pérdida de interés. Los síntomas afectan las actividades diarias y duran al menos dos semanas\n• Trastorno depresivo persistente (también llamado distimia o trastorno distímico): Sus síntomas depresivos son menos graves, pero duran más, generalmente al menos dos años\nOtros tipos de depresión pueden incluir:\n• Trastorno afectivo estacional: Aparece y desaparece con las estaciones. En general, comienza a fines del otoño y principios del invierno y desaparece durante la primavera y el verano\n• Trastorno bipolar: A veces conocido como depresión maníaca. Este trastorno del estado de ánimo puede causar cambios de humor intensos\n• Depresión con síntomas de psicosis: Forma grave de depresión que además presenta delirios (creencias falsas) o alucinaciones (ver, oír o sentir algo que no existe)\n¿Qué causa la depresión?\nHay una variedad de cosas que pueden causar depresión, incluyendo factores genéticos, biológicos, ambientales y psicológicos. La depresión puede ocurrir a cualquier edad y afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más común en las mujeres. Esto a menudo se debe a los cambios físicos y hormonales que las mujeres tienen durante la menstruación, el embarazo, el período posparto y la menopausia. Otros trastornos mentales o afecciones médicas crónicas como diabetes, cáncer o enfermedad cardíaca pueden ocurrir junto con la depresión. Esto puede empeorar la afección crónica o la depresión.\nEn algunos casos, no hay una causa clara para la depresión.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener depresión?\nEs posible que tenga un mayor riesgo de tener depresión si un familiar cercano la padece o tiene otro trastorno de salud mental. Pasar por un trauma o por acontecimientos estresantes en la vida puede aumentar aún más su riesgo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la depresión?\nLa depresión no se manifiesta de la misma manera en todas las personas. El tipo y la cantidad de síntomas de depresión pueden variar y no siempre se manifiestan como tristeza. La depresión puede afectarle de forma diferente según su:\n• Edad: Los síntomas de depresión pueden ser diferentes en un niño, que puede parecer más irritable que triste. Los adolescentes pueden comportarse mal o tener mucho sueño. Los síntomas en un adulto mayor pueden no ser tan evidentes como en otros grupos de edad\n• Sexo: Los hombres suelen mostrar síntomas y conductas de afrontamiento de forma diferente a las mujeres. En lugar de tristes, los hombres pueden parecer enojados o irritables\n• Afecciones médicas: Algunos medicamentos y problemas médicos pueden causar síntomas que se parecen a la depresión. Las afecciones crónicas pueden empeorarla\nLos síntomas de depresión son continuos y afectan la vida cotidiana. Pueden incluir:\n• Sentirse triste o \"vacío\"\n• Perder interés en las actividades favoritas\n• Comer en exceso o no querer comer en absoluto\n• Dormir demasiado o muy poco\n• Sentirse muy cansado\n• Sentirse desesperanzado, irritable, ansioso o culpable\n• Tener dolores y molestias, dolores de cabeza, calambres o problemas digestivos\n• Tener pensamientos de muerte o suicidio\n• Cambios de humor o conducta\n• Aumentar el consumo de alcohol o drogas\n• Aislarse de la familia y los amigos\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la depresión?\nSi piensa que tiene depresión, hable con su profesional de la salud o un proveedor de salud mental. Para diagnosticarla, su proveedor puede usar muchas herramientas:\n• Historia clínica: Incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas y antecedentes familiares. Para que le diagnostiquen depresión, sus síntomas deben presentarse la mayor parte del día, casi todos los días, durante al menos dos semanas. Uno de los síntomas debe ser estado de ánimo deprimido o pérdida de interés en la mayoría de las actividades\n• Pruebas médicas: Se puede realizar para descartar otras afecciones médicas. Ciertos medicamentos y afecciones médicas (como virus o trastornos de la tiroides) pueden causar síntomas parecidos a la depresión\n• Examen físico: Busca asegurar que no haya otro problema que esté causando sus síntomas\n• Evaluación de salud mental por parte de su proveedor o un proveedor de salud mental\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la depresión?\nLa depresión puede requerir un tratamiento a largo plazo. La mayoría de los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y/o psicoterapia (terapia de conversación):\n• Los medicamentos como los antidepresivos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Es posible que deba probar varios medicamentos para encontrar el que funcione mejor para usted. Los medicamentos pueden tardar un tiempo en hacer efecto y pueden tener efectos secundarios. No deje de tomar su medicamento sin hablar primero con su profesional de la salud. Comuníquese con su proveedor si tiene alguna pregunta sobre los efectos secundarios del medicamento\n• La psicoterapia (terapia de conversación) bajo el cuidado de un proveedor de salud mental puede ayudarle a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y conductas preocupantes. Esto puede hacerse de manera individual o en un entorno grupal. Puede brindarle a usted y a su familia apoyo, educación, habilidades y estrategias de afrontamiento\n• La terapia de luz (fototerapia) ha demostrado ser eficaz para el trastorno afectivo estacional (TAE)\n• Otras opciones de tratamiento se pueden considerar si el tratamiento no funciona o si la depresión es grave, incluyendo:\n• Terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC): Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que usa una corriente eléctrica leve bajo anestesia general. La TEC se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para la depresión grave que no mejora con otros tratamientos\n• Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr): Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que usa ondas magnéticas para aliviar la depresión. No es tan potente como la TEC, pero con la EMTr no necesita anestesia. También tiene un bajo riesgo de efectos negativos en su memoria y pensamiento\n¿Se puede prevenir la depresión?\nLa mayoría de los casos de depresión no se pueden prevenir, pero cambios saludables de estilo de vida pueden tener beneficios a largo plazo para su salud mental. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Hacer ejercicio regularmente\n• Tener un horario de sueño constante\n• Controlar el estrés\nSi usted o un ser querido está deprimido, consulte a su profesional de la salud o a un proveedor de salud mental. Es importante recibir tratamiento ante la primera señal de un problema.\nSi usted o alguien que conoce tiene pensamientos de hacerse daño o intentar suicidarse, obtenga ayuda de inmediato. Si es una emergencia, llame al 911.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0181","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"recurrent-depression","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/recurrent-depression","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F33","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A71.Z","display":"Recurrent depressive disorder, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1194756772/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1194756772/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Recurrent depression","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Depresie recurentă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاكتئاب المتكرر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Periodická depresivní porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rezidivierende depressive Störung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υποτροπιάζουσα κατάθλιψη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Depresión recurrente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dépression récurrente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बार-बार होने वाला अवसाद","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Visszatérő depresszió","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Depressione ricorrente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"反復性うつ病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"재발성 우울장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Depresja nawracająca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Depressão recorrente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рекуррентная депрессия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Opakovaná depresívna porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tekrarlayan depresyon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рекурентна депресія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"复发性抑郁障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Depression","text":"What is depression?\nDepression is more than a feeling of being sad or irritable for a few days. It's a serious mood disorder. As one of the most common mental disorders in the United States, depression can affect how you think, feel, and your everyday life. You may not know why you feel this way, but even basic daily activities such as sleeping, eating, or working may become difficult. Depression often needs long-term treatment but getting help at the earliest sign of a problem can help manage your symptoms.\nWhat are the different types of depression?\nThe most common types of depression are major depression and persistent depressive disorder.\n• Major depression symptoms include a depressed mood or a loss of interest. Symptoms affect your daily activities and last for at least two weeks.\n• Persistent depressive disorder (also called dysthymia or dysthymic disorder) has less severe depressive symptoms, but they last longer, usually for at least two years.\nOther types of depression can include:\n• Seasonal affective disorder comes and goes with the seasons. It usually starts in late fall and early winter and goes away during the spring and summer.\n• Bipolar disorder is sometimes called manic depression. This mood disorder can cause intense mood swings.\n• Depression with symptoms of psychosis is a severe form of depression that also has delusions (false beliefs) or hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling something that isn't there).\nWhat causes depression?\nThere are a variety of things that may cause depression, including genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Depression can happen at any age and can affect anyone, but it's more common in women. This is often due to the physical and hormonal changes that women have during menstruation, pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menopause. Other mental disorders or chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, cancer, or heart disease may occur with depression. This may make the chronic condition or depression worse.\nIn some cases, there is no clear cause for depression.\nWho is at risk of depression?\nYou may be at a higher risk of depression if you have a close relative who has it or another mental health disorder. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise your risk even more.\nWhat are the symptoms of depression?\nDepression doesn't look the same on everyone. The type and number of symptoms of depression can vary and don't always appear like sadness. Depression may affect you differently based on your:\n• Age. The symptoms of depression may be different in a child, who may appear more irritable than sad. Teens may act out or have excessive sleepiness. The symptoms for an older adult may not be as obvious as other age groups.\n• Sex. Men often show symptoms and coping behaviors differently than women. Rather than sad, men may appear angry or irritable.\n• Medical conditions. Some medicines and medical conditions may cause symptoms that look like depression. Chronic conditions may make depression worse.\nSymptoms of depression are ongoing and affect your day-to-day life. They can include:\n• Feeling sad or \"empty\"\n• Losing interest in favorite activities\n• Overeating, or not wanting to eat at all\n• Sleeping too much, or not enough\n• Feeling very tired\n• Feeling hopeless, irritable, anxious, or guilty\n• Having aches and pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems\n• Having thoughts of death or suicide\n• Changing moods or behaviors\n• Increasing use of alcohol or drugs\n• Isolating from family and friends\nHow is depression diagnosed?\nIf you think you have depression, talk to your health care provider or a mental health provider. To be diagnosed with depression, your provider may use many tools:\n• A medical history will include asking about your symptoms and family history. To be diagnosed with depression, your symptoms must occur most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks. One of the symptoms must be a depressed mood or a loss of interest in most activities.\n• Medical tests may be done to rule out other medical conditions. Certain medicines and medical conditions (such as viruses or thyroid disorders) may cause symptoms like depression.\n• A physical exam to make sure another issue isn't causing your symptoms.\n• A mental health evaluation by your provider or a mental health provider.\nWhat are the treatments for depression?\nDepression may need long-term treatment. Most treatments include medicines and/or psychotherapy (talk therapy):\n• Medicines such as antidepressants may help control your symptoms. You may need to try several medicines to find which works best for you. Medicine may take time to work and can have side effects. Don't stop taking your medicine without first talking with your provider. Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicine.\n• Psychotherapy (talk therapy) under the care of a mental health provider can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This may be done one-on-one or in a group setting. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies.\n• Light therapy has been shown to be effective for seasonal affective disorder (SAD).\n• Other treatments options may be considered if treatment isn't working or if depression is severe. These may include:\n• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a brain stimulation procedure that uses a mild electric current when you are under general anesthesia. ECT is most often used for severe depression that is not getting better with other treatments.\n• Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression. It's not as powerful as ECT, but with rTMS, you don't need anesthesia. It also has a low risk of negative effects on your memory and thinking.\nCan depression be prevented?\nMost cases of depression can't be prevented, but healthy lifestyle changes can have long-term benefits for your mental health. These can include:\n• Getting regular exercise\n• Having a consistent sleep schedule\n• Controlling stress\nIf you, or someone you love is depressed, see your provider or a mental health provider. It's important to get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem.\nIf you or someone you know has thoughts of hurting themselves or attempting suicide, get help right away. If it is an emergency, dial 911.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Depresión","text":"¿Qué es la depresión?\nLa depresión es más que una sensación de tristeza o irritabilidad durante unos días. Es un trastorno del estado de ánimo grave. Como uno de los trastornos mentales más comunes en los Estados Unidos, la depresión puede afectar la forma en cómo piensa, siente y su vida diaria. Es posible que no sepa por qué se siente así, e incluso las actividades diarias básicas, como dormir, comer o trabajar, pueden volverse difíciles. Con frecuencia, la depresión requiere tratamiento a largo plazo, pero obtener ayuda ante la primera señal de un problema puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas.\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de depresión?\nLos tipos más comunes de depresión son la depresión mayor y el trastorno depresivo persistente.\n• Depresión mayor: Sus síntomas incluyen un estado de ánimo deprimido o pérdida de interés. Los síntomas afectan las actividades diarias y duran al menos dos semanas\n• Trastorno depresivo persistente (también llamado distimia o trastorno distímico): Sus síntomas depresivos son menos graves, pero duran más, generalmente al menos dos años\nOtros tipos de depresión pueden incluir:\n• Trastorno afectivo estacional: Aparece y desaparece con las estaciones. En general, comienza a fines del otoño y principios del invierno y desaparece durante la primavera y el verano\n• Trastorno bipolar: A veces conocido como depresión maníaca. Este trastorno del estado de ánimo puede causar cambios de humor intensos\n• Depresión con síntomas de psicosis: Forma grave de depresión que además presenta delirios (creencias falsas) o alucinaciones (ver, oír o sentir algo que no existe)\n¿Qué causa la depresión?\nHay una variedad de cosas que pueden causar depresión, incluyendo factores genéticos, biológicos, ambientales y psicológicos. La depresión puede ocurrir a cualquier edad y afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más común en las mujeres. Esto a menudo se debe a los cambios físicos y hormonales que las mujeres tienen durante la menstruación, el embarazo, el período posparto y la menopausia. Otros trastornos mentales o afecciones médicas crónicas como diabetes, cáncer o enfermedad cardíaca pueden ocurrir junto con la depresión. Esto puede empeorar la afección crónica o la depresión.\nEn algunos casos, no hay una causa clara para la depresión.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener depresión?\nEs posible que tenga un mayor riesgo de tener depresión si un familiar cercano la padece o tiene otro trastorno de salud mental. Pasar por un trauma o por acontecimientos estresantes en la vida puede aumentar aún más su riesgo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la depresión?\nLa depresión no se manifiesta de la misma manera en todas las personas. El tipo y la cantidad de síntomas de depresión pueden variar y no siempre se manifiestan como tristeza. La depresión puede afectarle de forma diferente según su:\n• Edad: Los síntomas de depresión pueden ser diferentes en un niño, que puede parecer más irritable que triste. Los adolescentes pueden comportarse mal o tener mucho sueño. Los síntomas en un adulto mayor pueden no ser tan evidentes como en otros grupos de edad\n• Sexo: Los hombres suelen mostrar síntomas y conductas de afrontamiento de forma diferente a las mujeres. En lugar de tristes, los hombres pueden parecer enojados o irritables\n• Afecciones médicas: Algunos medicamentos y problemas médicos pueden causar síntomas que se parecen a la depresión. Las afecciones crónicas pueden empeorarla\nLos síntomas de depresión son continuos y afectan la vida cotidiana. Pueden incluir:\n• Sentirse triste o \"vacío\"\n• Perder interés en las actividades favoritas\n• Comer en exceso o no querer comer en absoluto\n• Dormir demasiado o muy poco\n• Sentirse muy cansado\n• Sentirse desesperanzado, irritable, ansioso o culpable\n• Tener dolores y molestias, dolores de cabeza, calambres o problemas digestivos\n• Tener pensamientos de muerte o suicidio\n• Cambios de humor o conducta\n• Aumentar el consumo de alcohol o drogas\n• Aislarse de la familia y los amigos\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la depresión?\nSi piensa que tiene depresión, hable con su profesional de la salud o un proveedor de salud mental. Para diagnosticarla, su proveedor puede usar muchas herramientas:\n• Historia clínica: Incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas y antecedentes familiares. Para que le diagnostiquen depresión, sus síntomas deben presentarse la mayor parte del día, casi todos los días, durante al menos dos semanas. Uno de los síntomas debe ser estado de ánimo deprimido o pérdida de interés en la mayoría de las actividades\n• Pruebas médicas: Se puede realizar para descartar otras afecciones médicas. Ciertos medicamentos y afecciones médicas (como virus o trastornos de la tiroides) pueden causar síntomas parecidos a la depresión\n• Examen físico: Busca asegurar que no haya otro problema que esté causando sus síntomas\n• Evaluación de salud mental por parte de su proveedor o un proveedor de salud mental\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la depresión?\nLa depresión puede requerir un tratamiento a largo plazo. La mayoría de los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y/o psicoterapia (terapia de conversación):\n• Los medicamentos como los antidepresivos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Es posible que deba probar varios medicamentos para encontrar el que funcione mejor para usted. Los medicamentos pueden tardar un tiempo en hacer efecto y pueden tener efectos secundarios. No deje de tomar su medicamento sin hablar primero con su profesional de la salud. Comuníquese con su proveedor si tiene alguna pregunta sobre los efectos secundarios del medicamento\n• La psicoterapia (terapia de conversación) bajo el cuidado de un proveedor de salud mental puede ayudarle a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y conductas preocupantes. Esto puede hacerse de manera individual o en un entorno grupal. Puede brindarle a usted y a su familia apoyo, educación, habilidades y estrategias de afrontamiento\n• La terapia de luz (fototerapia) ha demostrado ser eficaz para el trastorno afectivo estacional (TAE)\n• Otras opciones de tratamiento se pueden considerar si el tratamiento no funciona o si la depresión es grave, incluyendo:\n• Terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC): Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que usa una corriente eléctrica leve bajo anestesia general. La TEC se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para la depresión grave que no mejora con otros tratamientos\n• Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr): Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que usa ondas magnéticas para aliviar la depresión. No es tan potente como la TEC, pero con la EMTr no necesita anestesia. También tiene un bajo riesgo de efectos negativos en su memoria y pensamiento\n¿Se puede prevenir la depresión?\nLa mayoría de los casos de depresión no se pueden prevenir, pero cambios saludables de estilo de vida pueden tener beneficios a largo plazo para su salud mental. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Hacer ejercicio regularmente\n• Tener un horario de sueño constante\n• Controlar el estrés\nSi usted o un ser querido está deprimido, consulte a su profesional de la salud o a un proveedor de salud mental. Es importante recibir tratamiento ante la primera señal de un problema.\nSi usted o alguien que conoce tiene pensamientos de hacerse daño o intentar suicidarse, obtenga ayuda de inmediato. Si es una emergencia, llame al 911.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0182","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"persistent-mood-disorders-including-dysthymia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/persistent-mood-disorders-including-dysthymia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F34","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A8Z","display":"Mood disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/76398729/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#76398729/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Persistent mood disorders (including dysthymia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări afective persistente (inclusiv distimie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات المزاج المستمرة (بما في ذلك عسر المزاج)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Perzistentní poruchy nálady (včetně dystymie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Anhaltende affektive Störungen (einschließlich Dysthymie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επίμονες διαταραχές της διάθεσης (περιλαμβάνεται η δυσθυμία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del humor persistentes (incluida la distimia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de l'humeur persistants (dont dysthymie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लगातार मनोदशा विकार (डिस्थीमिया सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tartós hangulatzavarok (disztímia is)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi persistenti dell'umore (inclusa la distimia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"持続性気分障害（気分変調症を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"지속성 기분장애(기분부전증 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uporczywe zaburzenia nastroju (w tym dystymia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos persistentes do humor (incluindo distimia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хронические расстройства настроения (включая дистимию)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pretrvávajúce poruchy nálady (vrátane dystýmie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Süreğen duygudurum bozuklukları (distimi dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічні розлади настрою (включно з дистимією)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"持续性心境障碍（包括心境恶劣）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mood Disorders","text":"Most people feel sad or irritable from time to time. They may say they're in a bad mood. A mood disorder is different. It affects a person's everyday emotional state. Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have mood disorders. These include depression and bipolar disorder (also called manic depression).\nMood disorders can increase a person's risk for heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. With treatment, most people with mood disorders can lead productive lives.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del estado de ánimo","text":"Algunas personas se sienten tristes o irritables de vez en cuando y pueden decir que están de mal humor. Los trastornos del estado de ánimo son diferentes porque afectan a diario el estado emocional de la persona. Aproximadamente, una de cada 10 personas mayores de 18 años, tiene un trastorno del estado de ánimo. Estos trastornos incluyen depresión y trastorno bipolar (también conocido como depresión maníaca)\nLos trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden incrementar los riesgos de enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y otras enfermedades en una persona. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, psicoterapia o la combinación de los dos. La mayoría de las personas con trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden llevar una vida productiva con el tratamiento adecuado.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0183","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mood-disorder-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mood-disorder-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F39","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A8Z","display":"Mood disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/76398729/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#76398729/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mood disorder (not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburare afectivă (nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطراب المزاج (غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Porucha nálady (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Affektive Störung (nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχή της διάθεσης (μη καθορισμένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastorno del humor (no especificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trouble de l'humeur (sans précision)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मनोदशा विकार (अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hangulatzavar (nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbo dell'umore (non specificato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"気分障害（詳細不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기분장애(상세불명)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenie nastroju (nieokreślone)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtorno do humor (não especificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройство настроения (неуточнённое)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Porucha nálady (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Duygudurum bozukluğu (belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлад настрою (неуточнений)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心境障碍（未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mood Disorders","text":"Most people feel sad or irritable from time to time. They may say they're in a bad mood. A mood disorder is different. It affects a person's everyday emotional state. Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have mood disorders. These include depression and bipolar disorder (also called manic depression).\nMood disorders can increase a person's risk for heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. With treatment, most people with mood disorders can lead productive lives.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del estado de ánimo","text":"Algunas personas se sienten tristes o irritables de vez en cuando y pueden decir que están de mal humor. Los trastornos del estado de ánimo son diferentes porque afectan a diario el estado emocional de la persona. Aproximadamente, una de cada 10 personas mayores de 18 años, tiene un trastorno del estado de ánimo. Estos trastornos incluyen depresión y trastorno bipolar (también conocido como depresión maníaca)\nLos trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden incrementar los riesgos de enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y otras enfermedades en una persona. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, psicoterapia o la combinación de los dos. La mayoría de las personas con trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden llevar una vida productiva con el tratamiento adecuado.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0184","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"phobias-phobic-anxiety-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/phobias-phobic-anxiety-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F40","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6B0Z","display":"Anxiety or fear-related disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1336943699/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1336943699/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Phobias (phobic anxiety disorders)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fobii (tulburări anxios-fobice)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الرهاب (اضطرابات القلق الرهابية)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fobie (fobické úzkostné poruchy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Phobien (phobische Störungen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φοβίες (φοβικές αγχώδεις διαταραχές)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fobias (trastornos de ansiedad fóbica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Phobies (troubles anxieux phobiques)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फोबिया (भय-संबंधी चिंता विकार)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fóbiák (fóbiás szorongásos zavarok)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fobie (disturbi d'ansia fobici)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"恐怖症性不安障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"공포증(공포성 불안장애)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fobie (zaburzenia lękowe w postaci fobii)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fobias (transtornos ansiosos fóbicos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фобии (фобические тревожные расстройства)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fóbie (fobické úzkostné poruchy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fobiler (fobik anksiyete bozuklukları)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фобії (фобічні тривожні розлади)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"恐惧症（恐怖性焦虑障碍）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Phobias","text":"A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger.\nThere are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed-in places. If you become anxious and extremely self-conscious in everyday social situations, you could have a social phobia. Other common phobias involve tunnels, highway driving, water, flying, animals and blood.\nPeople with phobias try to avoid what they are afraid of. If they cannot, they may experience:\n• Panic and fear\n• Rapid heartbeat\n• Shortness of breath\n• Trembling\n• A strong desire to get away\nPhobias usually start in children or teens, and continue into adulthood. The causes of specific phobias are not known, but they sometimes run in families.\nTreatment helps most people with phobias. Options include medicines, therapy or both.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fobias","text":"Una fobia es un tipo de trastorno de ansiedad. Es un temor fuerte e irracional de algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real.\nExisten muchos tipos de fobias. La acrofobia es el temor a las alturas. La agorafobia es el temor a los lugares públicos y la claustrofobia es el temor a los espacios cerrados. Si se siente ansioso e inseguro de las situaciones sociales cotidianas, usted podría tener una fobia social. Otras fobias comunes incluyen los túneles, conducir en autopistas, el agua, volar, los animales y la sangre.\nLas personas con fobias intentan evitar lo que les provoca miedo. Si eso no es posible, pueden sentir:\n• Pánico y miedo\n• Taquicardia, cuando el corazón late muy rápido\n• Falta de aire\n• Temblores\n• Un fuerte deseo de huir\nEn general, las fobias comienzan en la niñez o en la adolescencia y continúan durante la edad adulta. Las causas de las fobias no se comprenden bien todavía pero sí se sabe que a veces pueden ser hereditarias.\nEl tratamiento ayuda a la mayoría de las personas con fobias. Entre las opciones se encuentran medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0185","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"anxiety-disorders-including-panic-disorder","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/anxiety-disorders-including-panic-disorder","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F41","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Anxiety disorders (including panic disorder)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări anxioase (inclusiv atacuri de panică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات القلق (بما في ذلك اضطراب الهلع)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Úzkostné poruchy (včetně panické poruchy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Angststörungen (einschließlich Panikstörung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αγχώδεις διαταραχές (περιλαμβάνεται η διαταραχή πανικού)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de ansiedad (incluido el trastorno de pánico)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles anxieux (dont trouble panique)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चिंता विकार (पैनिक डिसऑर्डर सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szorongásos zavarok (pánikbetegséggel)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi d'ansia (incluso il disturbo di panico)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"不安障害（パニック障害を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"불안장애(공황장애 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia lękowe (w tym lęk napadowy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos de ansiedade (incluindo transtorno de pânico)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тревожные расстройства (включая паническое расстройство)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Úzkostné poruchy (vrátane panickej poruchy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anksiyete bozuklukları (panik bozukluk dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тривожні розлади (включно з панічним розладом)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"焦虑障碍（包括惊恐障碍）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Anxiety","text":"What is anxiety?\nAnxiety is a feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It might cause you to sweat, feel restless and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat. It can be a normal reaction to stress. For example, you might feel anxious when faced with a difficult problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an important decision. It can help you to cope. The anxiety may give you a boost of energy or help you focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, the fear is not temporary and can be overwhelming.\nWhat are anxiety disorders?\nAnxiety disorders are conditions in which you have anxiety that does not go away and can get worse over time. The symptoms can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships.\nWhat are the types of anxiety disorders?\nThere are several types of anxiety disorders, including:\n• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). People with GAD worry about ordinary issues such as health, money, work, and family. But their worries are excessive, and they have them almost every day for at least 6 months.\n• Panic disorder. People with panic disorder have panic attacks. These are sudden, repeated periods of intense fear when there is no danger. The attacks come on quickly and can last several minutes or more.\n• Phobias. People with phobias have an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. Their fear may be about spiders, flying, going to crowded places, or being in social situations (known as social anxiety).\nWhat causes anxiety disorders?\nThe cause of anxiety is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, stress, and your environment may play a role.\nWho is at risk for anxiety disorders?\nThe risk factors for the different types of anxiety disorders can vary. For example, GAD and phobias are more common in women, but social anxiety affects men and women equally. There are some general risk factors for all types of anxiety disorders, including:\n• Certain personality traits, such as being shy or withdrawn when you are in new situations or meeting new people\n• Traumatic events in early childhood or adulthood\n• Family history of anxiety or other mental disorders\n• Some physical health conditions, such as thyroid problems or arrhythmia\nWhat are the symptoms of anxiety disorders?\nThe different types of anxiety disorders can have different symptoms. But they all have a combination of:\n• Anxious thoughts or beliefs that are hard to control. They make you feel restless and tense and interfere with your daily life. They do not go away and can get worse over time.\n• Physical symptoms, such as a pounding or rapid heartbeat, unexplained aches and pains, dizziness, and shortness of breath\n• Changes in behavior, such as avoiding everyday activities you used to do\nUsing caffeine, other substances, and certain medicines can make your symptoms worse.\nHow are anxiety disorders diagnosed?\nTo diagnose anxiety disorders, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may also have a physical exam and lab tests to make sure that a different health problem is not the cause of your symptoms.\nIf you don't have another health problem, you will get a psychological evaluation. Your provider may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one.\nWhat are the treatments for anxiety disorders?\nThe main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy (talk therapy), medicines, or both:\n• Psychotherapy can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. To be effective, it should focus on your specific anxieties and needs. There are many types; some of the types used for anxiety disorders include:\n• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which teaches you different ways of thinking and behaving. It can help you change how you react to the things that cause you to feel fear and anxiety. It may include exposure therapy. This therapy focuses on having you confront your fears so that you will be able to do the things that you had been avoiding.\n• Acceptance and commitment therapy may help with some anxiety disorders. It uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce discomfort and anxiety.\n• Medicines to treat anxiety disorders include anti-anxiety medicines and certain antidepressants. Some types of medicines may work better for specific types of anxiety disorders. You should work closely with your provider to identify which medicine is best for you. You may need to try more than one medicine before you can find the right one.\nSupport groups and stress management techniques may also be helpful.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ansiedad","text":"¿Qué es la ansiedad?\nLa ansiedad es un sentimiento de miedo, temor e inquietud. Puede hacer que sude, se sienta inquieto y tenso, y tener palpitaciones. Puede ser una reacción normal al estrés. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse ansioso cuando se enfrenta a un problema difícil en el trabajo, antes de tomar un examen o antes de tomar una decisión importante. Si bien la ansiedad puede ayudar a enfrentar una situación, además de darle un impulso de energía o ayudarle a concentrarse, para las personas con trastornos de ansiedad el miedo no es temporal y puede ser abrumadora.\n¿Qué son los trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos trastornos de ansiedad son afecciones en las que la ansiedad no desaparece y puede empeorar con el tiempo. Los síntomas pueden interferir con las actividades diarias, como el desempeño en el trabajo, la escuela y las relaciones entre personas.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad?\nExisten varios tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:\n• Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada: Las personas con este trastorno se preocupan por problemas comunes como la salud, el dinero, el trabajo y la familia. Pero sus preocupaciones son excesivas y las tienen casi todos los días durante al menos 6 meses\n• Trastorno de pánico: Las personas con trastorno de pánico sufren de ataques de pánico. Estos son repentinos y repetidos momentos de miedo intenso sin haber un peligro aparente. Los ataques se producen rápidamente y pueden durar varios minutos o más\n• Fobias: Las personas con fobias tienen un miedo intenso a algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. Su miedo puede ser por arañas, volar, ir a lugares concurridos o estar en situaciones sociales (conocida como ansiedad social)\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de ansiedad?\nNo se conoce la causa de la ansiedad. Factores como la genética, la biología y química del cerebro, el estrés y su entorno pueden tener un rol.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos factores de riesgo para los diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden variar. Por ejemplo, el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y las fobias son más comunes en las mujeres, pero la ansiedad social afecta a hombres y mujeres por igual. Existen algunos factores de riesgo generales para todos los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:\n• Ciertos rasgos de personalidad, como ser tímido o retraído cuando está en situaciones nuevas o conoce personas nuevas\n• Eventos traumáticos en la primera infancia o la edad adulta\n• Antecedentes familiares de ansiedad u otros trastornos mentales\n• Algunas afecciones de salud física, como problemas de tiroides o arritmia\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden tener síntomas diferentes. Pero todos muestran una combinación de:\n• Pensamientos o creencias ansiosos difíciles de controlar: Le hacen sentir inquieto y tenso e interfieren con su vida diaria. No desaparecen y pueden empeorar con el tiempo\n• Síntomas físicos, como latidos cardíacos fuertes o rápidos, dolores y molestias inexplicables, mareos y falta de aire\n• Cambios en el comportamiento, como evitar las actividades cotidianas que solía hacer\nEl uso de cafeína, otras sustancias y ciertos medicamentos pueden empeorar sus síntomas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de ansiedad?\nPara diagnosticar los trastornos de ansiedad, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historial médico. También es posible que le hagan un examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio para verificar que otro problema de salud no sea la causa de sus síntomas.\nSi no tiene otro problema de salud, recibirá una evaluación psicológica. Su proveedor puede hacerlo, o puede ser derivado a un profesional de salud mental para ello.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos principales tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad son psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), medicamentos o ambos:\n• Psicoterapia: Puede ayudar a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y conductas preocupantes. Para que sea eficaz, debe centrarse en sus ansiedades y necesidades específicas. Hay muchos tipos; Algunos de los tipos utilizados para los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen:\n• Terapia cognitivo-conductual: Enseña diferentes formas de pensar y comportarse. Puede ayudarle a cambiar su forma de reaccionar ante las cosas que le provocan miedo y ansiedad. Puede incluir terapia de exposición, la que se enfoca en hacer que usted enfrente sus miedos para que pueda hacer las cosas que había estado evitando\n• Terapia de aceptación y compromiso: Puede ayudar con algunos trastornos de ansiedad. Utiliza estrategias como la atención plena y el establecimiento de objetivos para reducir el malestar y la ansiedad\n• Los medicamentos para tratar los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen medicamentos contra la ansiedad y ciertos antidepresivos. Algunos tipos de medicamentos pueden funcionar mejor para tipos específicos de trastornos de ansiedad. Debe comunicarse bien con su profesional de la salud para identificar qué medicamento es mejor para usted. Es posible que deba probar más de un medicamento antes de encontrar el correcto\nLos grupos de apoyo y las técnicas de manejo del estrés también pueden resultar útiles.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0186","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"obsessive-compulsive-disorder","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/obsessive-compulsive-disorder","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F42","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburare obsesiv-compulsivă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطراب الوسواس القهري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zwangsstörung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιδεοψυχαναγκαστική διαταραχή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trouble obsessionnel compulsif","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"जुनूनी-बाध्यकारी विकार (ओसीडी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kényszerbetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"強迫性障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"강박장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenie obsesyjno-kompulsyjne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Obsedantno-kompulzívna porucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Обсесивно-компульсивний розлад","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"强迫症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"OCD"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","text":"What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?\nObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder in which you have thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that occur over and over. They interfere with your life, but you cannot control or stop them.\nIt's a myth that OCD just means being neat. Cleaning can be one symptom, but OCD more often involves getting stuck on a particular action you feel compelled to repeat, rather than simply staying organized. These obsessions and compulsions can shift over time.\nWhat causes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?\nThe cause of OCD is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, and your environment may play a role.\nWho is more likely to develop obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?\nOCD usually begins when you are a teen or young adult. Boys are often diagnosed at a younger age than girls.\nRisk factors for OCD include:\n• Family history. People with a first-degree relative (such as a parent, sibling, or child) who has OCD are at higher risk. This is especially true if the relative developed OCD as a child or teen.\n• Brain structure and functioning. Imaging studies have shown that people with OCD have differences in certain parts of the brain. Researchers need to do more studies to understand the connection between the brain differences and OCD.\n• Childhood trauma, such as child abuse. Some studies have found a link between trauma in childhood and OCD. More research is needed to understand this relationship better.\n• Temperament. Other studies found that people who are shy, often unhappy, or anxious and depressed as children may be more likely to develop OCD.\nIn some cases, children may develop OCD or OCD symptoms following a streptococcal infection. This is called Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS).\nWhat are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?\nPeople with OCD may have symptoms of obsessions, compulsions, or both:\n• Obsessions are repeated thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause anxiety. They may involve things such as\n• Fear of germs or contamination\n• Fear of forgetting, losing or misplacing something\n• Fear of losing control over your behavior\n• Worries about harm coming towards yourself or others\n• Unwanted forbidden thoughts involving sex or religion\n• Aggressive thoughts towards yourself or others\n• Needing things lined up exactly or arranged in a particular, precise way\n• Compulsions are behaviors that you feel like you need to do over and over to try to reduce your anxiety or stop the obsessive thoughts. Some common compulsions include:\n• Excessive cleaning and/or handwashing\n• Repeatedly checking on things, such as whether the door is locked or the oven is off\n• Compulsive counting\n• Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way\nSome people with OCD also have Tourette syndrome or another tic disorder. Tics are sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do over and over. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things.\nHow is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) diagnosed?\nThe first step is to talk with your health care provider about your symptoms. Your provider will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history to rule out other health problems. If your symptoms do not seem to be caused by a physical problem, your provider may do an OCD test or may refer you to a mental health specialist for further evaluation or treatment.\nOCD can sometimes be hard to diagnose. Its symptoms are like those of other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders. It is also possible to have both OCD and another mental disorder.\nNot everyone who has obsessions or compulsions has OCD. Your symptoms would usually be considered OCD when you:\n• Can't control your thoughts or behaviors, even when you know that they are excessive.\n• Spend at least 1 hour a day on these thoughts or behaviors.\n• Don't get pleasure when performing the behaviors. But doing them may briefly give you relief from the anxiety.\n• Have significant problems in your daily life because of these thoughts or behaviors.\nWhat are the treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?\nThe main treatments for OCD are cognitive behavioral therapy, medicines, or both:\n• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy. It teaches you different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to your obsessions and compulsions.\n• Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a specific type of CBT. ERP involves gradually exposing you to your fears or obsessions. You learn healthy ways to deal with the anxiety they cause.\n• Medicines for OCD include certain types of antidepressants. If those don't work for you, your provider may suggest taking some other type of psychiatric medicine.\nIf you have severe OCD that does not get better with these treatments, your provider may suggest a treatment called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It is a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic pulses. It can target specific brain areas associated with OCD.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo","text":"¿Qué es el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)?\nEl trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una afección mental que consiste en tener pensamientos frecuentes y molestos (obsesiones) y comportamientos repetitivos (compulsiones) que interfieren con su vida y que usted no puede controlar ni detener.\nEs un mito que el TOC solo signifique ser ordenado. La limpieza puede ser uno de los síntomas, pero el TOC por lo general implica quedarse atrapado en una acción específica que siente la necesidad de repetir, en lugar de simplemente mantener todo ordenado. Estas obsesiones y compulsiones pueden variar con el tiempo.\n¿Cuáles son las causas del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)?\nLa causa del TOC se desconoce. Factores como la genética, la biología cerebral y la química, junto con el entorno, pueden desempeñar un papel en la afección.\n¿Quién tiene mayor riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)?\nEn general, el TOC comienza cuando se es adolescente o adulto joven. A menudo, los niños reciben el diagnóstico a una edad más temprana que las niñas.\nLos factores de riesgo para el TOC incluyen:\n• Historia familiar: Las personas con un pariente de primer grado (padre, hermano o hijo) que tiene TOC presentan un mayor riesgo. Esto es especialmente cierto si el familiar desarrolló TOC cuando era niño o adolescente\n• Estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro: Los estudios por imágenes han demostrado que las personas con TOC tienen diferencias en ciertas partes del cerebro. Los investigadores necesitan hacer más estudios para comprender la conexión entre estas diferencias cerebrales y el TOC\n• Trauma en la niñez, como el abuso infantil: Algunos estudios han encontrado vínculos entre el trauma en la infancia y el TOC. Se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor esta relación\n• Temperamento: Otros estudios han encontrado que las personas que durante la niñez eran tímidas, se sentían infelices o tenían ansiedad o depresión pueden ser más propensas a desarrollar TOC\nEn algunos casos, los niños pueden desarrollar TOC o sus síntomas después de una infección estreptocócica. Esto se llama trastornos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunes pediátricos asociados a las infecciones por estreptococo (PANDAS, por su sigla en inglés).\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)?\nLas personas con TOC pueden tener síntomas de obsesiones, compulsiones o ambos:\n• Las obsesiones son pensamientos, impulsos o imágenes mentales que se repiten y causan ansiedad. Pueden incluir:\n• Tener miedo a los gérmenes o a la contaminación\n• Tener miedo a perder, extraviar o poner algo en un sitio equivocado\n• Tener miedo a perder el control de su comportamiento\n• Preocuparse de que usted u otras personas puedan sufrir daño\n• Tener pensamientos prohibidos no deseados que involucren sexo o religión\n• Tener pensamientos agresivos hacia usted u otras personas\n• Necesitar que algunas cosas estén alineadas en forma exacta o dispuestas de una manera particular y precisa\n• Las compulsiones son comportamientos que siente que debe hacer de forma repetitiva para tratar de reducir su ansiedad o detener los pensamientos obsesivos. Algunas compulsiones comunes incluyen:\n• Limpiarse o lavarse las manos de forma excesiva\n• Verificar cosas repetidamente, como si la puerta está cerrada o si el horno está apagado\n• Contar compulsivamente\n• Ordenar y organizar las cosas de una manera particular y precisa\nAlgunas personas con TOC también tienen síndrome de Tourette u otro trastorno de tics. Los tics son espasmos, movimientos o sonidos repentinos que las personas hacen una y otra vez. Las personas con tics no pueden evitar que su cuerpo los haga.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)?\nEl primer paso es hablar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre los síntomas. Luego, el proveedor le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre su historia clínica para descartar otras afecciones. Si sus síntomas no parecen deberse a un problema físico, es posible que el proveedor le haga una prueba del TOC o lo derive a un especialista en salud mental para una evaluación o tratamiento adicionales.\nA veces, el TOC puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Sus síntomas son parecidos a otras afecciones mentales, como los trastornos de ansiedad. También es posible tener TOC y otro trastorno mental al mismo tiempo.\nNo todas las personas que tienen obsesiones o compulsiones tienen TOC. Por lo general, sus síntomas se consideran TOC cuando usted:\n• No puede controlar sus pensamientos o comportamientos, incluso cuando sabe que son excesivos\n• Dedica al menos una hora al día a estos pensamientos o comportamientos\n• No disfruta realizar estas conductas, pero hacerlas puede aliviarle brevemente la ansiedad\n• Tiene problemas importantes en su vida diaria debido a estos pensamientos o comportamientos\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC)?\nLos principales tratamientos para el TOC son la terapia cognitivo-conductual, los medicamentos o ambos:\n• La terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) es un tipo de psicoterapia, en la que se enseña diferentes formas de pensar, comportarse y reaccionar ante las obsesiones y compulsiones\n• La terapia de exposición con prevención de respuesta es un tipo de TCC que consiste en la exposición gradual a los miedos u obsesiones. Con ello, se aprenden formas saludables de lidiar con la ansiedad causada\n• Los medicamentos para el TOC incluyen ciertos tipos de antidepresivos. Si a usted no le funcionan, el proveedor puede sugerirle otro tipo de medicamento psiquiátrico\nSi tiene un TOC grave que no mejora con estos tratamientos, su proveedor puede sugerirle un tratamiento llamado estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr). Es un procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas. Puede dirigirse a áreas específicas del cerebro asociadas con el TOC.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0187","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"reactions-to-severe-stress-including-ptsd-and-adjustment-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/reactions-to-severe-stress-including-ptsd-and-adjustment-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F43","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Reactions to severe stress (including PTSD) and adjustment disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Reacții la stres sever (inclusiv PTSD) și tulburări de adaptare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ردود الفعل على الإجهاد الشديد (بما في ذلك اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة) واضطرابات التكيف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Reakce na závažný stres (včetně PTSD) a poruchy přizpůsobení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Reaktionen auf schwere Belastungen (einschließlich PTBS) und Anpassungsstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αντιδράσεις σε σοβαρό στρες (περιλαμβάνεται η ΔΜΤΣ) και διαταραχές προσαρμογής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Reacciones a estrés grave (incluido el TEPT) y trastornos de adaptación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Réactions à un stress sévère (dont TSPT) et troubles de l'adaptation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गंभीर तनाव की प्रतिक्रियाएँ (पीटीएसडी सहित) और समायोजन विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Súlyos stresszre adott reakciók (PTSD is) és alkalmazkodási zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Reazioni a stress grave (incluso il PTSD) e disturbi dell'adattamento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"重度ストレス反応（PTSDを含む）と適応障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심한 스트레스 반응(PTSD 포함) 및 적응장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Reakcje na ciężki stres (w tym PTSD) i zaburzenia adaptacyjne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Reações a estresse grave (incluindo PTSD) e transtornos de adaptação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Реакции на тяжёлый стресс (включая ПТСР) и расстройства адаптации","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Reakcie na ťažký stres (vrátane PTSD) a poruchy prispôsobenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağır strese tepkiler (TSSB dahil) ve uyum bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Реакції на тяжкий стрес (включно з ПТСР) і розлади адаптації","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"严重应激反应（包括PTSD）和适应障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Stress","text":"What is stress?\nStress is how your brain and body respond to a challenge or demand. When you are stressed, your body releases certain hormones. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work. The hormones that are released when you are stressed make you alert and ready to act. They can raise your blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. This response is sometimes called a \"fight or flight\" response.\nEveryone gets stressed from time to time. There are different types of stress. It can be short-term or long-term. It can be caused by something that happens once or something that keeps happening.\nNot all stress is bad. In fact, it can help you survive in a dangerous situation. For example, one kind of stress is the jolt you may feel when a car pulls out in front of you while you are driving. This jolt of hormones helps you quickly hit the brakes to avoid an accident. A little short-term stress can sometimes be helpful. For example, the stress of having a deadline for school or your job may push you to get your work done on time. Once you finish it, that stress goes away.\nBut stress that lasts a long time can harm your health.\nWhat causes long-term stress?\nLong-term stress, or chronic stress, lasts for weeks, months, or longer. As you go about your life, your body is acting as if you're being threatened.\nCauses of long-term stress include:\n• Routine stress from the demands of work, school, family needs, money problems, and other daily pressures that don't stop.\n• Stress from sudden, difficult changes in your life, such as divorce, illness, losing your job, or other unhappy life events that often have a long impact.\n• Traumatic stress, which may happen when you're in danger of serious harm or death. Examples include being in a bad accident, a war, a flood, earthquake, or other frightening event. This type of stress can cause a long-lasting problem called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).\nHow can long term-stress harm my health?\nPeople respond to stress in different ways. If you're stressed for a long time you may notice that you are:\n• Getting sick more often than usual because stress weakens your body's ability to fight germs\n• Having stomach problems or trouble digesting food\n• Having trouble sleeping\n• Having headaches\n• Feeling sad, angry, or easily upset\nWhen stress keeps going, your body acts as if you're always in danger. That's a lot of strain that may play a part in developing serious health problems, including:\n• Depression\n• Anxiety\n• Heart disease\n• High blood pressure\n• Diabetes\nIt's possible to get used to the symptoms of stress and not even realize there's a problem. So when there's a lot of stress in your life, it's important to pay attention to how it affects you so you can do something about it.\nHow can I manage long-term stress?\nSimple things that improve your mental health may be helpful in managing long-term stress, such as:\n• Get regular exercise. A 30-minute daily walk can help you feel better and help keep your immune system strong, so you don't get sick.\n• Try relaxing activities. You could look for an app or wellness program that uses breathing, meditation, or muscle relaxation exercises.\n• Get enough sleep every night.\n• Avoid too much caffeine.\n• Decide what you need to do now and what can wait. And focus on what you got done each day, not on what you weren't able to do.\n• Ask your family or friends for support.\nWhen should I ask my health care provider for help with stress?\nGet help if you're having severe symptoms for 2 weeks or more, including:\n• Trouble sleeping\n• Changes in your eating that cause unwanted changes in your weight\n• Troubles getting out of bed because of your mood\n• Difficulty focusing your thoughts\n• Losing interest in things you usually enjoy\n• Not being able to do your usual daily activities\nAlways get help right away if stress is causing you to:\n• Have thoughts of suicide\n• Feel you can't cope\n• Use drugs or alcohol more often than usual\nYour health care provider may refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychologist or social worker.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Estrés","text":"¿Qué es estrés?\nEl estrés es la forma en que el cerebro y el cuerpo responden a un desafío o exigencia. Cuando está estresado, su cuerpo libera ciertas hormonas. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que se mueven por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan el funcionamiento de las diferentes partes del cuerpo. Las hormonas que se liberan cuando está estresado le ponen alerta y listo para actuar. Pueden aumentar la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y los niveles de glucosa (azúcar) en la sangre. Esta respuesta a veces se conoce como respuesta de \"lucha o huida\".\nTodos se estresan de vez en cuando. Existen diferentes tipos de estrés. Puede ser a corto o largo plazo. Puede ser causado por algo que sucede una vez o algo que ocurre reiteradamente.\nNo todo el estrés es malo. De hecho, puede ayudarle a sobrevivir en una situación peligrosa. Por ejemplo, un tipo de estrés es el susto que puede sentir cuando un automóvil se detiene repentinamente frente a usted cuando está manejando. Esta alza de hormonas le ayuda a detenerse rápidamente para evitar un accidente. En ocasiones, un poco de estrés a corto plazo puede resultar útil. Por ejemplo, el estrés de tener una fecha límite para la escuela o su trabajo puede empujarle a terminar su trabajo a tiempo. Una vez que lo termina, ese estrés desaparece.\nPero el estrés que dura mucho tiempo puede dañar su salud.\n¿Qué causa el estrés a largo plazo?\nEl estrés a largo plazo, o estrés crónico, dura semanas, meses o más. A medida que vive su vida, su cuerpo actúa como si estuviera siendo amenazado.\nLas causas del estrés a largo plazo incluyen:\n• Estrés de rutina debido a las demandas del trabajo, la escuela, las necesidades familiares, los problemas económicos y otras presiones diarias que no terminan\n• Estrés por cambios repentinos y difíciles en su vida, como divorcio, enfermedad, pérdida de su trabajo u otros acontecimientos poco felices que a menudo tienen un impacto prolongado\n• Estrés traumático, que puede ocurrir cuando está en peligro de sufrir un daño grave o la muerte. Los ejemplos incluyen estar involucrado en un accidente grave, una guerra, una inundación, un terremoto u otro evento aterrador. Este tipo de estrés puede causar un problema de larga duración llamado trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)\n¿Cómo puede dañar mi salud el estrés a largo plazo?\nLas personas responden al estrés de diferentes formas. Si está estresado durante mucho tiempo, puede notar que usted puede:\n• Enfermarse con más frecuencia de lo habitual porque el estrés debilita la capacidad de su cuerpo para combatir los gérmenes\n• Tener problemas de estómago o dificultad para digerir los alimentos\n• Tener problemas para dormir\n• Tener dolores de cabeza\n• Sentirse triste, enojado o molesto con facilidad\nCuando el estrés continúa, su cuerpo actúa como si siempre estuviera en peligro. Esa es una gran cantidad de tensión que puede influir en el desarrollo de problemas de salud graves, que incluyen:\n• Depresión\n• Ansiedad\n• Enfermedad del corazón\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Diabetes\nEs posible acostumbrarse a los síntomas del estrés y ni siquiera darse cuenta de que hay un problema. Por lo mismo, cuando hay mucho estrés en su vida, es importante que preste atención a cómo le afecta para que pueda hacer algo al respecto.\n¿Cómo puedo manejar el estrés a largo plazo?\nAlgunas cosas sencillas que mejoran su salud mental pueden ser útiles para controlar el estrés a largo plazo, como:\n• Hacer ejercicio con regularidad: Una caminata diaria de 30 minutos puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor y a mantener fuerte su sistema inmunitario, para que no se enferme\n• Realizar actividades relajantes: Puede buscar una aplicación o un programa de bienestar que utilice ejercicios de respiración, meditación o relajación muscular\n• Dormir lo suficiente todas las noches\n• Evitar demasiada cafeína\n• Decidir qué debe hacer ahora y qué puede esperar: Céntrese en lo que hizo cada día, no en lo que no pudo hacer\n• Solicitar apoyo a su familia o amigos\n¿Cuándo debo pedirle ayuda a mi profesional de la salud por estrés?\nObtenga ayuda si tiene síntomas graves durante 2 semanas o más, incluyendo:\n• Problemas para dormir\n• Cambios en su alimentación que provocan cambios no deseados en su peso\n• Problemas para levantarse de la cama debido a su estado de ánimo\n• Dificultad para enfocar sus pensamientos\n• Pérdida de interés en las cosas que normalmente disfruta\n• No poder realizar sus actividades diarias habituales\nSiempre busque ayuda de inmediato si el estrés está causando:\n• Tiene pensamientos de suicidio\n• Siente que no puede enfrentarlo\n• Consume drogas o alcohol con más frecuencia de lo habitual\nSu profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un especialista en salud mental, como un psicólogo o un trabajador social.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0188","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"eating-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/eating-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F50","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Eating Disorders","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la alimentación","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de alimentație","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الأكل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy příjmu potravy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Essstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διατροφικές διαταραχές","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles des conduites alimentaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"भोजन विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Evészavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi alimentari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"摂食障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"섭식장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia odżywiania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos alimentares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства пищевого поведения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy príjmu potravy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yeme bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади харчової поведінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"进食障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Binge eating"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eating Disorders","text":"What are eating disorders?\nEating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need.\nEating disorders are medical conditions; they are not a lifestyle choice. They affect your body's ability to get proper nutrition. This can lead to health issues, such as heart and kidney problems, or sometimes even death. But there are treatments that can help.\nWhat are the types of eating disorders?\nCommon types of eating disorders include:\n• Binge-eating, which is out-of-control eating. People with binge-eating disorder keep eating even after they are full. They often eat until they feel very uncomfortable. Afterward, they usually have feelings of guilt, shame, and distress. Eating too much too often can lead to weight gain and obesity. Binge-eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the U.S.\n• Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.\n• Anorexia nervosa. People with anorexia nervosa avoid food, severely restrict food, or eat very small quantities of only certain foods. They may see themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight. Anorexia nervosa is the least common of the three eating disorders, but it is often the most serious. It has the highest death rate of any mental disorder.\nWhat causes eating disorders?\nThe exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Researchers believe that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of factors. These include genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors.\nWho is at risk for eating disorders?\nAnyone can develop an eating disorder, but they are more common in women. Eating disorders frequently appear during the teen years or young adulthood. But people can also develop them during childhood or later in life.\nWhat are the symptoms of eating disorders?\nThe symptoms of eating disorders vary, depending on the disorder:\nThe symptoms of binge-eating include:\n• Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as a 2-hour period\n• Eating even when you're full or not hungry\n• Eating fast during binge episodes\n• Eating until you're uncomfortably full\n• Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment\n• Feeling distressed, ashamed, or guilty about your eating\n• Frequently dieting, possibly without weight loss\nThe symptoms of bulimia nervosa include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by:\n• Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body\n• Doing intensive and excessive exercise\n• Fasting\nOver time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as:\n• Chronically inflamed and sore throat\n• Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area\n• Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up.\n• GERD (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems\n• Severe dehydration from purging\n• Electrolyte imbalance, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.\nThe symptoms of anorexia nervosa include:\n• Eating very little, to the point of starving yourself\n• Intensive and excessive exercise\n• Extreme thinness\n• Intense fear of gaining weight\n• Distorted body image - seeing yourself as overweight even when you are severely underweight\nOver time, anorexia nervosa can cause health problems such as:\n• Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis)\n• Mild anemia\n• Muscle wasting and weakness\n• Thin, brittle hair and nails\n• Dry, blotchy, or yellowish skin\n• Growth of fine hair all over the body\n• Severe constipation\n• Low blood pressure\n• Slowed breathing and pulse\n• Feeling cold all the time because of a drop in internal body temperature\n• Feeling faint, dizzy, or weak\n• Feeling tired all the time\n• Infertility\n• Damage to the structure and function of the heart\n• Brain damage\n• Multiorgan failure\nAnorexia nervosa can be fatal. Some people with this disorder die of complications from starvation, and others die of suicide.\nSome people with eating disorders may also have other mental disorders (such as depression or anxiety) or problems with substance use.\nHow is eating disorders diagnosed?\nBecause eating disorders can be so serious, it is important to seek help if you or a loved one thinks that you might have a problem. Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. It is important to be honest about your eating and exercise behaviors so your provider can help you.\n• A physical exam\n• Blood or urine tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms\n• Other tests to see whether you have any other health problems caused by the eating disorder. These can include kidney function tests and an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG).\nWhat are the treatments for eating disorders?\nTreatment plans for eating disorders are tailored to individual needs. You will likely have a team of providers helping you, including doctors, nutritionists, nurses, and therapists. The treatments may include:\n• Individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy. Individual therapy may include cognitive behavioral approaches, which help you to identify and change negative and unhelpful thoughts. It also helps you build coping skills and change behavioral patterns.\n• Medical care and monitoring, including care for the complications that eating disorders can cause\n• Nutrition counseling. Doctors, nurses, and counselors will help you eat healthy to reach and maintain a healthy weight.\n• Medicines, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers, may help treat some eating disorders. The medicines can also help with the depression and anxiety symptoms that often go along with eating disorders.\nSome people with serious eating disorders may need to be in a hospital or in a residential treatment program. Residential treatment programs combine housing and treatment services.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos de la alimentación","text":"¿Qué son los trastornos alimentarios?\nLos trastornos alimentarios son afecciones graves de salud mental. Implican problemas serios sobre cómo se piensa sobre la comida y la conducta alimenticia. Se puede comer mucho menos o mucho más de lo necesario.\nLos trastornos alimentarios son afecciones médicas. No son un estilo de vida. Afectan la capacidad del cuerpo para obtener una nutrición adecuada. Esto puede provocar problemas de salud como enfermedades cardíacas y renales, o incluso la muerte. Sin embargo, hay tratamientos que pueden ayudar.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos alimentarios?\nLos tipos comunes de trastornos alimentarios incluyen:\n• Atracones de comida: Es decir, comer sin control. Las personas con trastorno por atracón siguen comiendo incluso después de estar llenas. A menudo, comen hasta que se sienten muy incómodos. En general, después tienen sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza y angustia. Darse atracones de comida con demasiada frecuencia puede causar aumento de peso y obesidad. El trastorno por atracón es el trastorno alimentario más común en los Estados Unidos\n• Bulimia nerviosa: Las personas con bulimia nerviosa también tienen períodos de atracones. Pero luego se purgan provocándose vómitos o usando laxantes. También pueden hacer ejercicio en exceso o pueden ayunar. Las persnas con bulimia nerviosa pueden tener poco peso, peso normal o sobrepeso\n• Anorexia nerviosa: Las personas con anorexia nerviosa evitan los alimentos, restringen severamente los alimentos o comen cantidades muy pequeñas de solo algunos alimentos. Pueden verse a sí mismas con sobrepeso, incluso cuando están peligrosamente delgadas. La anorexia nerviosa es el menos común de los tres trastornos alimenticios, pero a menudo es el más grave. Tiene la tasa de mortalidad más alta de cualquier trastorno mental\n¿Qué causa los trastornos alimentarios?\nSe desconoce la causa exacta de los trastornos alimentarios. Los investigadores creen que estas afecciones son causadas por una interacción compleja de factores, incluyendo genéticos, biológicos, conductuales, psicológicos y sociales.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de trastornos alimentarios?\nCualquiera puede desarrollar un trastorno alimentarios, pero son más comunes en mujeres. Estos trastornos aparecen con frecuencia durante la adolescencia o la edad adulta, pero también se pueden desarrollar durante la infancia o más adelante en la vida.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios?\nLos síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios varían, dependiendo del trastorno.\nLos síntomas de los atracones de comida incluyen:\n• Comer cantidades inusualmente grandes de alimentos en un período de tiempo específico, como un período de 2 horas\n• Comer incluso cuando está lleno o no tiene hambre\n• Comer rápido durante los episodios de atracones\n• Comer hasta que esté incómodamente lleno\n• Comer solo o en secreto para evitar la vergüenza\n• Sentirse angustiado, avergonzado o culpable por su alimentación\n• Hacer dieta con frecuencia, posiblemente sin pérdida de peso\nLos síntomas de la bulimia nerviosa incluyen los mismos síntomas que los atracones, además de tratar de deshacerse de la comida o el peso después de atracones.:\n• Purga al vomitar o usar laxantes o enemas para acelerar el tránsito de los alimentos por el cuerpo\n• Hacer ejercicio intensivo y excesivo\n• Ayuno\nCon el tiempo, la bulimia nerviosa puede causar problemas de salud como:\n• Inflamación y dolor de garganta crónico\n• Glándulas salivales inflamadas en el área del cuello y la mandíbula\n• Esmalte dental desgastado y dientes cada vez más sensibles y con caries: Causado por la exposición al ácido del estómago cada vez que vomita\n• ERGE (enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico) y otros problemas gastrointestinales\n• Deshidratación severa por la purga\n• Desequilibrio electrolítico: Puede ser por niveles demasiado bajos o demasiado altos de sodio, calcio, potasio y otros minerales, lo que puede provocar un derrame cerebral o un ataque al corazón\nLos síntomas de la anorexia nerviosa incluyen:\n• Comer muy poco, hasta el extremo de morir de hambre\n• Ejercicio intensivo y excesivo\n• Delgadez extrema\n• Miedo intenso a aumentar de peso\n• Imagen corporal distorsionada: Verse con sobrepeso incluso cuando tiene un peso extremadamente bajo\nCon el tiempo, la anorexia nerviosa puede causar problemas de salud como:\n• Baja densidad ósea (osteopenia u osteoporosis)\n• Anemia leve\n• Pérdida muscular y debilidad\n• Cabello y uñas finas y quebradizas\n• Piel seca, manchada o amarillenta\n• Crecimiento de vello fino en todo el cuerpo\n• Estreñimiento severo\n• Presión arterial baja\n• Respiración y pulso lento\n• Sensación de frío todo el tiempo debido a una baja en la temperatura interna del cuerpo\n• Sentirse débil o mareado\n• Sentirse cansado todo el tiempo\n• Infertilidad\n• Daño a la estructura y función del corazón\n• Daño cerebral\n• Falla multiorgánica\nLa anorexia nerviosa puede ser fatal. Algunas personas con este trastorno mueren de complicaciones por inanición, y otras mueren por suicidio.\nAlgunas personas con trastornos alimentarios también pueden tener otras enfermedades mentales, como depresióno ansiedad, o problemas con el uso de drogas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos alimentarios?\nDebido a que los trastornos alimentarios pueden ser muy graves, es importante buscar ayuda si usted o un ser querido piensa que podría tener este problema. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas: Es importante ser honesto sobre sus comportamientos alimenticios y de actividad física para que su proveedor pueda ayudarle\n• Un examen físico\n• Análisis de sangre u orina para descartar otras posibles causas de sus síntomas\n• Otras pruebas para ver si tiene algún otro problema de salud causado por el trastorno alimentario. Estos pueden incluir pruebas de función renal y un electrocardiograma\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos alimentarios?\nLos planes de tratamiento para los trastornos alimentarios se adaptan a las necesidades de cada persona. Es probable que tenga un equipo de proveedores que lo ayude, incluyendo médicos, nutricionistas, enfermeras y terapeutas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Psicoterapia individual, grupal y / o familiar: La terapia individual puede incluir enfoques cognitivos conductuales que le ayuden a identificar y cambiar los pensamientos negativos e inútiles. También ayuda a desarrollar habilidades de afrontamiento y cambiar patrones de comportamiento\n• Atención médica y monitoreo: Incluida la atención de las complicaciones que pueden causar los trastornos alimentarios\n• Asesoramiento nutricional: Los médicos, enfermeras y consejeros le ayudarán a comer de manera saludable para alcanzar y mantener un peso sano\n• Medicamentos: Como antidepresivos, antipsicóticos o estabilizadores del estado de ánimo pueden ayudar a tratar algunos trastornos alimentarios. También pueden ayudar con los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad que a menudo acompañan a estos trastornos\nAlgunas personas con trastornos alimentarios graves pueden necesitar estar en un hospital o en un programa de tratamiento residencial. Los programas de tratamiento residencial combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0189","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sleep-disorders-not-due-to-a-physical-cause","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sleep-disorders-not-due-to-a-physical-cause","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F51","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"7B2Z","display":"Sleep-wake disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/274880002/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#274880002/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sleep disorders not due to a physical cause","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de somn neorganice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات النوم غير العضوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Neorganické poruchy spánku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nichtorganische Schlafstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μη οργανικές διαταραχές του ύπνου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del sueño no orgánicos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du sommeil non organiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गैर-शारीरिक कारण से नींद विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nem organikus alvászavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del sonno non organici","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"非器質性睡眠障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비기질성 수면장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieorganiczne zaburzenia snu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos do sono não orgânicos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неорганические расстройства сна","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Neorganické poruchy spánku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Organik olmayan uyku bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Неорганічні розлади сну","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"非器质性睡眠障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sleep Disorders","text":"What is sleep?\nWhile you are sleeping your brain and body functions are still active. Sleep is a natural process that helps your body restore energy, supports learning and memory, and keeps you healthy.\nIt's not just the number of hours of sleep you get that matters. The quality of your sleep is also important. During the night, your brain cycles through different stages of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. If your sleep is often interrupted, you may not get enough time in certain stages of sleep. Poor-quality sleep does more than make you feel tired. It can affect your physical and mental health, thinking, and daily functioning.\nWhat are sleep disorders?\nSleep disorders are conditions that disturb your normal sleep patterns. There are many types of sleep disorders. Some general types include:\n• Insomnia, which is trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.\n• Sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea, a condition in which you stop breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep.\n• Sleep-related movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome (RLS), which involves tingling or prickling sensations in your legs, and a strong urge to move them.\n• Hypersomnia, which is extreme daytime sleepiness. This includes narcolepsy.\n• Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, which are problems falling asleep or waking up at the right times. This may be due to shift work or jet lag.\n• Parasomnia, which is unusual behaviors during sleep or while falling asleep or waking up. This may include sleepwalking, talking, or eating during sleep.\nSome people who feel tired during the day have a true sleep disorder, while others simply don't get enough sleep. The amount of sleep you need depends on your age, lifestyle, health, and sleep patterns. Most adults need about 7-9 hours each night.\nWhat causes sleep disorders?\nThere are different causes for different sleep disorders. They may include:\n• Other health conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, nerve disorders, or pain\n• Mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety\n• Medicines\n• Genetics\nSometimes the cause is unknown.\nOther factors that may contribute to sleep problems include:\n• Using caffeine or alcohol\n• Having an irregular schedule, such as working the night shift\n• Aging, since older adults may sleep less, spend less time in deep sleep, and wake easily\nWhat are the symptoms of sleep disorders?\nThe symptoms of sleep disorders depend on the specific disorder. Some signs that you may have a sleep disorder include that:\n• You regularly take more than 30 minutes to fall asleep.\n• You regularly wake up several times and then have trouble falling back to sleep, or you wake up too early in the morning.\n• You often feel sleepy during the day, take frequent naps, or fall asleep at the wrong times during the day.\n• Your bed partner says that when you sleep, you snore loudly, snort, gasp, make choking sounds, or stop breathing for short periods.\n• You have creeping or tingling sensations in your legs or arms that are relieved by moving or massaging them, especially in the evening and when trying to fall asleep.\n• Your bed partner notices that your legs or arms jerk often during sleep.\n• You have vivid, dreamlike experiences while falling asleep or dozing.\n• You have episodes of sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions.\n• You feel as though you cannot move or speak for a brief time when you first wake up.\nHow are sleep disorders diagnosed?\nTo diagnose a sleep disorder, your health care provider will review your medical and sleep history and do a physical exam. You may also have a sleep study (polysomnogram). Most sleep studies monitor and record data about your body during a full night of sleep. The data includes:\n• Brain wave activity\n• Eye movements\n• Breathing rate\n• Blood pressure\n• Heart rate and electrical activity in the heart and other muscles\nOther types of sleep studies may check how quickly you fall asleep during daytime naps or how well you can stay awake during the day.\nWhat are the treatments for sleep disorders?\nTreatments for sleep disorders depend on which disorder you have. They may include:\n• Practicing good sleep habits and other lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise\n• Reducing anxiety about sleep with cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques\n• Using a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine for sleep apnea\n• Using bright light therapy (in the morning)\n• Taking sleep aid medicines, or natural products such as melatonin\nAlways check with your provider before taking any medicine or supplement. Most sleep aid medicines are generally for short-term use.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del sueño","text":"¿Qué es el sueño?\nMientras usted duerme, las funciones de su cerebro y cuerpo siguen activas. El sueño es un proceso natural que ayuda al cuerpo a recuperar energía, favorece el aprendizaje y la memoria y lo mantiene saludable.\nNo solo es importante la cantidad de horas que usted duerme. La calidad de su sueño también lo es. Durante la noche, su cerebro pasa por diferentes etapas de sueño sin movimientos oculares rápidos (no REM) y sueño con movimientos oculares rápidos (REM). Si su sueño se interrumpe con frecuencia, es posible que no duerma lo suficiente en ciertas etapas. El sueño de poca calidad no solo causa cansancio, sino que también puede afectar su salud física y mental, su pensamiento y su vida diaria.\n¿Qué son los trastornos del sueño?\nLos trastornos del sueño son afecciones que alteran sus patrones normales de sueño. Existen muchos tipos de trastornos del sueño. Algunos tipos generales incluyen:\n• Insomnio: Es la dificultad para dormirse o permanecer dormido\n• Trastornos respiratorios relacionados con el sueño (apnea del sueño): Una afección en la cual la respiración se detiene por 10 segundos o más mientras duerme\n• Trastornos del movimiento relacionados con el sueño (síndrome de piernas inquietas): Una sensación de hormigueo o punzadas en las piernas junto a una fuerte necesidad de moverlas\n• Hipersomnia: Es somnolencia diurna extrema. Esto incluye la narcolepsia\n• Trastornos del ritmo circadiano sueño-vigilia: Problemas para dormirse o despertarse cuando corresponde. Esto puede deberse al trabajo por turnos o al jet lag\n• Parasomnia: Conducta inusual al quedarse dormido, durante el sueño o al despertarse. Esto puede incluir sonambulismo, hablar o comer mientras duerme\nAlgunas personas que se sienten cansadas durante el día tienen un verdadero trastorno del sueño, mientras que otras simplemente no duermen lo suficiente. La cantidad de sueño que usted necesite depende de su edad, estilo de vida, estado de salud y patrones de sueño. La mayoría de los adultos necesitan entre 7 y 9 horas cada noche.\n¿Qué causa los trastornos del sueño?\nExisten diferentes causas de los trastornos del sueño. Pueden incluir:\n• Otras condiciones de salud, como enfermedades del corazón, enfermedades de los pulmones, de los nervios o dolor\n• Enfermedades mentales, incluyendo depresión y ansiedad\n• Medicinas\n• Genes\nA veces, no se conoce la causa.\nOtros factores que pueden contribuir a problemas del sueño incluyen:\n• Usar cafeína o alcohol\n• Tener un horario irregular, como trabajar el turno de noche\n• El envejecimiento, ya que los adultos mayores pueden dormir menos, pasar menos tiempo en el estado de sueño profundo y despertarse más fácilmente\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos del sueño?\nLos síntomas de los problemas del sueño dependen del problema específico. Algunos signos de que usted puede tener alguno de estos problemas incluyen:\n• Tarda regularmente más de 30 minutos cada noche para quedarse dormido\n• Se despierta varias veces cada noche y luego tiene problemas para volver a dormir o se despierta demasiado temprano en la mañana\n• A menudo se siente somnoliento durante el día, toma siestas frecuentes o se duerme en los momentos no apropiados durante el día\n• Su compañero de cama dice que cuando duerme ronca fuerte, resopla, jadea, hace ruidos de ahogo o deja de respirar por períodos cortos\n• Tiene sensaciones de hormigueo o pinchadas en sus piernas o brazos, que se alivian al moverlos o masajearlos, especialmente por la noche y cuando trata de quedarse dormido\n• Su compañero de cama nota que sus piernas o brazos se sacuden con frecuencia durante el sueño\n• Tiene experiencias vívidas y oníricas mientras se duerme o está dormido\n• Tiene episodios de debilidad muscular repentina provocados por emociones fuertes\n• Siente que no puede moverse ni hablar por un breve tiempo cuando se levanta por primera vez\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del sueño?\nPara diagnosticar un problema del sueño, su profesional de la salud revisará su historia clínica y de sueño y le realizará un examen físico. También puede realizar un estudio del sueño (polisomnograma). La mayoría de los estudios del sueño monitorean y registran datos de su cuerpo durante una noche completa de sueño. Los datos incluyen:\n• Actividad de las ondas cerebrales\n• Movimientos de los ojos\n• Frecuencia respiratoria\n• Presión sanguínea\n• Frecuencia cardíaca y actividad eléctrica en el corazón y otros músculos\nOtros tipos de estudios del sueño pueden determinar la rapidez con la que se duerme en las siestas del día o qué tan bien usted puede permanecer despierto y alerta durante el día.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del sueño?\nLos tratamientos para los trastornos del sueño dependen del problema que tenga. Pueden incluir:\n• Practicar buenos hábitos de sueño y otros cambios en el estilo de vida, como comer una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio con regularidad\n• Reducir la ansiedad sobre el sueño con terapia cognitiva conductual o técnicas de relajación\n• Usar máquina de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea para la apnea del sueño (CPAP)\n• Usar terapia de luz brillante (por la mañana)\n• Tomar medicamentos para dormir o productos naturales como melatonina\nConsulte siempre con su proveedor antes de tomar cualquier medicamento o suplemento. La mayoría de los medicamentos para dormir suelen ser para uso a corto plazo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0190","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sexual-dysfunction-not-caused-by-a-physical-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sexual-dysfunction-not-caused-by-a-physical-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F52","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sexual dysfunction not caused by a physical disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Disfuncție sexuală necauzată de o boală organică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خلل الوظيفة الجنسية غير الناتج عن مرض عضوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sexuální dysfunkce nezpůsobená organickou nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sexuelle Funktionsstörung ohne organische Ursache","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σεξουαλική δυσλειτουργία που δεν οφείλεται σε οργανική νόσο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Disfunción sexual no causada por enfermedad orgánica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dysfonction sexuelle non due à une maladie organique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"शारीरिक रोग से न होने वाली यौन शिथिलता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nem szervi eredetű szexuális zavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disfunzione sessuale non dovuta a malattia organica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"器質的原因によらない性機能不全","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기질적 원인이 아닌 성기능장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia seksualne niespowodowane chorobą organiczną","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Disfunção sexual não causada por doença orgânica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сексуальная дисфункция, не обусловленная органическим заболеванием","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sexuálna dysfunkcia nespôsobená organickou chorobou","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Organik nedenli olmayan cinsel işlev bozukluğu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сексуальна дисфункція, не зумовлена органічним захворюванням","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"非器质性性功能障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sexual Health","text":"Sexuality is a big part of being human. Love, affection and sexual intimacy all play a role in healthy relationships. They also contribute to your sense of well-being. A number of disorders can affect the ability to have or enjoy sex in both men and women.\nFactors that can affect sexual health include:\n• Fear of unplanned pregnancy\n• Concerns about infertility\n• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)\n• Chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease\n• Medicines that affect sexual desire or performance","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Salud sexual","text":"La sexualidad es una parte importante del ser humano. El amor, el afecto y la intimidad sexual representan un papel importante en las relaciones saludables. También contribuyen con su sentido del bienestar. Pero algunos trastornos pueden afectar la capacidad de los hombres y de las mujeres de tener relaciones sexuales o disfrutarlas.\nLos factores que puede afectar la salud sexual incluyen:\n• Temor a un embarazo no deseado\n• Preocupaciones sobre la infertilidad\n• Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)\n• Enfermedades crónicas como cáncer o enfermedades del corazón\n• Medicamentos que afectan el deseo sexual o el rendimiento","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0191","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"personality-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/personality-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F60","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6D10.Z","display":"Personality disorder, severity unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/941859884/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#941859884/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Personality disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de personalitate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الشخصية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy osobnosti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Persönlichkeitsstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές προσωπικότητας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la personalidad","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de la personnalité","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"व्यक्तित्व विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Személyiségzavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi di personalità","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"パーソナリティ障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인격장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia osobowości","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos de personalidade","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства личности","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy osobnosti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kişilik bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади особистості","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"人格障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Personality Disorders","text":"What is personality?\nYour personality is your own way of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others. Once you become an adult, your personality usually doesn't change much.\nWhat are personality disorders?\nPersonality disorders are a group of mental disorders. They involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that are different from what is considered normal in your culture. The thoughts and behaviors are unhealthy and inflexible. They cause serious problems with relationships, work, and social activities. They can make it hard to deal with everyday stresses and problems.\nWhat are the types of personality disorders?\nThere are 10 types of personality disorders. They are grouped into three different categories called clusters. The types in each cluster have some similar symptoms and characteristics. The clusters and types are:\nCluster A personality disorders involve unusual and odd thoughts and behaviors. It includes:\n• Paranoid personality disorder, in which a person has paranoia (an extreme fear and distrust of others). They may think that someone is trying to harm them.\n• Schizoid personality disorder, in which a person prefers to be alone and is not interested in having relationships with others.\n• Schizotypal personality disorder, in which a person has unusual thoughts and ways of behaving and speaking. They are uncomfortable having close relationships with others.\nCluster B personality disorders involve dramatic and emotional thoughts and behaviors that can keep changing. It includes:\n• Antisocial personality disorder, in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others.\n• Borderline personality disorder, in which a person has lots of trouble managing their emotions. This makes them impulsive and uncertain about how they see themselves. It can cause a lot of trouble in their relationships.\n• Histrionic personality disorder, in which a person is dramatic, has strong emotions, and always wants attention from others.\n• Narcissistic personality disorder, in which a person lacks empathy and wants to be admired by others. They think that they are better than others and that they deserve special treatment.\nCluster C personality disorders involve anxious and fearful thoughts and behaviors. It includes:\n• Avoidant personality disorder, in which a person is very shy and feels that they are not as good as others. They often avoid people because they fear rejection.\n• Dependent personality disorder, in which a person depends too much on others and feels that they need to be taken care of. They may let others treat them badly because they are afraid of losing the relationship.\n• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, in which a person needs control and order. They are perfectionists and can be inflexible. Although some of the symptoms are similar, this is not the same thing as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).\nWhat causes personality disorders?\nPersonality disorders usually begin when someone is in their teens or early adult years. The cause is unknown. However, genes and childhood experiences such as abuse and trauma likely play a role.\nWhat are the symptoms of personality disorders?\nThe symptoms of each personality disorder are different. But each disorder involves problems and uncertainty with how people see themselves. The disorders also cause problems in relationships with other people.\nPeople with personality disorders may have trouble realizing that they have a problem. To them, their thoughts are normal. They may see others as the problem. So they may not seek help when they need it. Or, if they seek help, it may be because of another reason. They may be looking for help because of other mental health symptoms or problems with relationships and work. Sometimes someone else, such as a family member or social agency, may ask them to get help.\nHow are personality disorders diagnosed?\nA mental health care provider can diagnose personality disorders. A mental health provider is a health care professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health problems. To make a diagnosis, the provider will consider the person's symptoms, experiences, and family medical history. A thorough medical exam may also be done to help rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.\nHow are personality disorders treated?\nTalk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is the main treatment for personality disorders. Medicines may help relieve certain symptoms, such as anxiety or mood swings.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos de la personalidad","text":"¿Qué es la personalidad?\nLa personalidad es su propia forma de pensar, sentir, comportarse\ny relacionarse con los demás. Una vez que llega a la edad adulta, en\ngeneral su personalidad no cambia mucho.\n¿Qué son los trastornos de personalidad?\nLos trastornos de personalidad son un grupo de enfermedades mentales. Implican patrones a largo plazo de pensamientos y\ncomportamientos que son diferentes de lo que se considera normal en\nsu cultura. Los pensamientos y comportamientos son poco saludables\ne inflexibles. Causan serios problemas con las relaciones, el trabajo y\nlas actividades sociales. Pueden hacer que sea difícil lidiar con el\nestrés y los problemas diarios.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de personalidad?\nHay 10 tipos de trastornos de personalidad. Se agrupan en 3\ncategorías diferentes llamados grupos. Los tipos en cada grupo tienen\nalgunos síntomas y características similares. Los grupos y tipos son:\nLos trastornos de personalidad del grupo A implican pensamientos\ny comportamientos inusuales y extraños. Incluyen:\n• Trastorno de personalidad paranoide: La persona\ntiene paranoia (miedo extremo y desconfianza hacia los demás). Puede\npensar que alguien está tratando de hacerles daño\n• Trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad: La persona\nprefiere estar sola y no está interesada en relacionarse con los demás\n• Trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad: La\npersona tiene pensamientos y maneras inusuales de comportarse y\nhablar. Se siente incómoda teniendo relaciones cercanas con los\ndemás\nLos trastornos de personalidad del grupo B involucran\npensamientos y comportamientos dramáticos y emocionales que\npueden seguir cambiando. Incluyen:\n• Trastorno de personalidad antisocial: La persona\ntiene un patrón a largo plazo de manipulación, explotación o violación\nde los derechos de los demás\n• Trastorno límite de la personalidad: La persona tiene\nmuchos problemas para controlar sus emociones. Esto le hace\nimpulsiva e insegura sobre cómo se ve a sí misma. Puede causar\nmuchos problemas en sus relaciones\n• Trastorno histriónico de la personalidad: La persona\nes dramática, tiene emociones fuertes y siempre busca la atención de\nlos demás\n• Trastorno de personalidad narcisista: La persona\ncarece de empatía y quiere ser admirada por los demás. Piensa que es\nmejor que los demás y que merece un trato especial\nLos trastornos de personalidad del grupo C implican pensamientos\ny comportamientos ansiosos y temerosos. Incluyen:\n• Trastorno de personalidad por evitación: La persona\nes muy tímida y siente que no es tan buena como los demás. A\nmenudo evita a las personas porque teme el rechazo\n• Trastorno de personalidad dependiente: La persona\ndepende demasiado de los demás y siente que necesita que la cuiden.\nPuede dejar que otros la traten mal porque tiene miedo de perder la\nrelación\n• Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de la personalidad: La\npersona necesita control y orden. Es perfeccionista y puede ser\ninflexible. Aunque algunos de los síntomas son similares, no es lo\nmismo que el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC)\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de personalidad?\nEn general, los trastornos de personalidad comienzan cuando la\npersona está en la adolescencia o en los primeros años de la edad\nadulta. Se desconoce la causa. Sin embargo, es probable que los\ngenes y las experiencias de la infancia, como el abuso y el trauma,\ntengan un papel.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de personalidad?\nLos síntomas de cada trastorno de la personalidad son diferentes.\nPero cada trastorno implica problemas e incertidumbre sobre cómo las\npersonas se ven a sí mismas. Los trastornos también causan\nproblemas en las relaciones con otras personas.\nLas personas con trastornos de la personalidad pueden tener\nproblemas para darse cuenta de que tienen un problema. Para ellos,\nsus pensamientos son normales. Pueden ver a otros como el problema.\nPor ello, es posible que no busquen ayuda cuando la necesitan. O, si\nbuscan ayuda, puede ser por otra razón. Es posible que estén\nbuscando ayuda debido a otros síntomas de salud mental o problemas\nen sus relaciones y el trabajo. A veces, alguien más, como un miembro\nde la familia o una agencia social, puede pedirles que soliciten ayuda.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de personalidad?\nUn profesional de la salud mental puede diagnosticar trastornos de\nla personalidad. Un profesional de salud mental es un especialista en\ndiagnosticar y tratar problemas de salud mental. Para hacer un\ndiagnóstico, el proveedor considerará los síntomas, las experiencias y\nla historia médica familiar de la persona. También se puede realizar un\nexamen médico completo para ayudar a descartar otras posibles\ncausas de los síntomas.\n¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos de personalidad?\nLa terapia de conversación, también conocida como psicoterapia,\nes el principal tratamiento para los trastornos de la personalidad. Los\nmedicamentos pueden ayudar a aliviar ciertos síntomas, como la\nansiedad o los cambios de humor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0192","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"learning-disorders-reading-spelling-maths","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/learning-disorders-reading-spelling-maths","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F81","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Learning disorders (reading, spelling, maths)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de învățare (citit, scris, calcul)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات التعلم (القراءة والتهجئة والحساب)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy učení (čtení, psaní, počítání)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lernstörungen (Lesen, Rechtschreibung, Rechnen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μαθησιακές διαταραχές (ανάγνωση, ορθογραφία, αριθμητική)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del aprendizaje (lectura, ortografía, cálculo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles des apprentissages (lecture, orthographe, calcul)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सीखने के विकार (पढ़ना, वर्तनी, गणित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tanulási zavarok (olvasás, helyesírás, számolás)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi dell'apprendimento (lettura, scrittura, calcolo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"学習障害（読み・書き・算数）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"학습장애(읽기·쓰기·셈하기)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia uczenia się (czytanie, pisanie, liczenie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos de aprendizagem (leitura, escrita, cálculo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения обучения (чтение, письмо, счёт)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy učenia (čítanie, písanie, počítanie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Öğrenme bozuklukları (okuma, yazma, matematik)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення навчання (читання, письмо, лічба)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"学习障碍（阅读、拼写、计算）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Learning Disabilities","text":"What is a learning disability?\nLearning disabilities are conditions that affect the ability to learn. They can cause problems with:\n• Understanding what people are saying\n• Speaking\n• Reading\n• Writing\n• Doing math\n• Paying attention\nOften, children have more than one kind of learning disability. They may also have another condition, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This can make learning even more of a challenge. The sooner a learning disability is identified and addressed, the better a child is likely to perform in school.\nWhat causes learning disabilities?\nLearning disabilities don't have anything to do with how smart your child is. They are caused by differences in the brain, and they affect the way the brain takes in and uses information. These differences are usually present at birth. But there are certain factors that can play a role in the development of a learning disability, including:\n• Genetics\n• Environmental exposures, such as lead\n• Using substances while pregnant\nHow are learning disabilities diagnosed?\nThe earlier you can find and treat a learning disability, the better. Unfortunately, learning disabilities are usually not found until a child is in school. If you notice that your child is struggling, talk to your child's teacher or health care provider about having your child evaluated for a learning disability. The evaluation may include:\n• Doing a physical exam to check for a medical problem that might make learning more difficult.\n• Asking about your family history.\n• Test your child's intellectual and school performance.\nWhat are the treatments for learning disabilities?\nThe most common treatment for learning disabilities is special education. A teacher or other learning specialist can help your child learn skills by building on their strengths and finding ways to make up for their weaknesses. They may suggest ways you can help your child when they do homework. Instructors may try special teaching methods, make changes to the classroom, or use technologies that can assist your child's learning needs. Some children also get help from tutors or speech or language therapists.\nA child with a learning disability may struggle with low self-esteem, frustration, and other problems. Mental health professionals can help your child understand these feelings, develop coping tools, and build healthy relationships.\nIf your child has another condition, such as ADHD, they will need treatment for that condition as well.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas de aprendizaje","text":"¿Qué es un problema del aprendizaje?\nLos problemas o trastornos del aprendizaje afectan la capacidad de aprender. Pueden causar problemas con:\n• Comprender lo que las personas dicen\n• Hablar\n• Leer\n• Escribir\n• Resolver problemas matemáticos\n• Poner atención\nA menudo, los niños tienen más de un tipo de trastorno del aprendizaje. También pueden tener otra afección, como el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDHA). Esto puede hacer más difícil el aprender. Cuanto antes se identifique y se aborde un problema de aprendizaje, mejores probabilidades habrá de que el niño se desempeñe bien en la escuela.\n¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas del aprendizaje?\nLos problemas del aprendizaje no tienen nada que ver con cuán inteligente es su hijo. Son causados por diferencias en la estructura del cerebro y afectan la forma en que el cerebro absorbe y usa la información. En general, estas diferencias están presentes desde el nacimiento. Pero existen algunos factores que pueden jugar un rol al desarrollo de un trastorno del aprendizaje incluyendo:\n• La genética\n• Exposición a sustancias en el ambiente, como el plomo\n• Consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del aprendizaje?\nCuanto antes pueda encontrar y tratar un trastorno de aprendizaje, mejor. Sin embargo, los trastornos del aprendizaje generalmente no se encuentran hasta que un niño comienza la escuela. Si nota que su hijo tiene dificultades, hable con el maestro o con el profesional de la salud de su hijo para evaluarlo por un trastorno del aprendizaje. La evaluación puede incluir:\n• Realizar un examen físico para detectar si hay algún problema médico que pueda dificultar el aprendizaje\n• Preguntar sobre los antecedentes familiares\n• Evaluar el rendimiento intelectual y escolar de su hijo\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del aprendizaje?\nEl tratamiento más común para las discapacidades de aprendizaje es la educación especial. Un profesor u otro especialista del aprendizaje puede ayudar a su hijo a aprender a enfocarse en sus puntos fuertes y encontrar formas de compensar sus puntos débiles. Pueden sugerir formas en las que puede ayudar a su hijo cuando hace la tarea. Los educadores pueden intentar métodos especiales de enseñanza, realizar cambios en el aula o utilizar tecnologías que pueden ayudar a las necesidades de aprendizaje de su hijo. En ocasiones, los tutores o terapeutas del habla o del lenguaje también trabajan con los niños.\nUn niño con una discapacidad de aprendizaje puede tener problemas de baja autoestima, frustración y otras dificultades. Los profesionales de salud mental pueden ayudar a su hijo a comprender estos sentimientos, ayudarles a aprender a manejar estas situaciones y crear relaciones sanas.\nSi su hijo tiene otra condición como TDAH, también necesitará tratamiento para esa afección.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0193","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"autism-spectrum-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/autism-spectrum-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F84","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A02","display":"Autism spectrum disorder","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/437815624","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#437815624"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Autism spectrum disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări din spectrul autist","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات طيف التوحد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy autistického spektra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του φάσματος του αυτισμού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del espectro autista","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du spectre de l'autisme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऑटिज़्म स्पेक्ट्रम विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Autizmus spektrumzavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi dello spettro autistico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"自閉スペクトラム症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자폐 스펙트럼 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos do espetro do autismo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства аутистического спектра","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy autistického spektra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Otizm spektrum bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади аутистичного спектра","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"孤独症谱系障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","text":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life. It affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns. It includes what used to be known as Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders.\nIt is called a \"spectrum\" disorder because people with ASD can have a range of symptoms. People with ASD might have problems talking with you, or they might not look you in the eye when you talk to them. They may also have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. They may spend a lot of time putting things in order, or they may say the same sentence again and again. They may often seem to be in their \"own world.\"\nAt well-child checkups, the health care provider should check your child's development. If there are signs of ASD, your child will have a comprehensive evaluation. It may include a team of specialists, doing various tests and evaluations to make a diagnosis.\nThe causes of ASD are not known. Research suggests that both genes and environment play important roles.\nThere is currently no one standard treatment for ASD. There are many ways to increase your child's ability to grow and learn new skills. Starting them early can lead to better results. Treatments include behavior and communication therapies, skills training, and medicines to control symptoms.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastorno del espectro autista","text":"El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es una afección neurológica y de desarrollo que comienza en la niñez y dura toda la vida. Afecta cómo una persona se comporta, interactúa con otros, se comunica y aprende. Este trastorno incluye lo que se conocía como síndrome de Asperger y el trastorno generalizado del desarrollo no especificado.\nSe lo llama \"trastorno de espectro\" porque diferentes personas con TEA pueden tener una gran variedad de síntomas distintos. Estas pueden tener problemas para hablar con usted y es posible que no lo miren a los ojos cuando usted les habla. Además, pueden tener intereses limitados y comportamientos repetitivos. Es posible que pasen mucho tiempo ordenando cosas o repitiendo una frase una y otra vez. Parecieran estar en su \"propio mundo\".\nDurante los chequeos regulares, el doctor debería examinar el desarrollo de su niño. Si existen signos de TEA, su niño tendrá una evaluación completa y exhaustiva. Esta puede incluir un equipo de especialistas que realizarán varios exámenes y evaluaciones para llegar a un diagnóstico.\nNo se conocen las causas del trastorno del espectro autista. Las investigaciones sugieren que tanto los genes como los factores ambientales juegan un rol importante.\nActualmente, no existe un tratamiento estándar para el TEA. Hay muchas maneras de maximizar la capacidad del niño para crecer y aprender nuevas habilidades. Cuanto antes se comience, mayores son las probabilidades de tener más efectos positivos en los síntomas y las aptitudes. Los tratamientos incluyen terapias de comportamiento y de comunicación, desarrollo de habilidades y/o medicamentos para controlar los síntomas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0194","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"adhd-hyperkinetic-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/adhd-hyperkinetic-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F90","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6A05.Z","display":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, presentation unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/821852937/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#821852937/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (hyperkinetic disorders)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (tulburări hiperkinetice)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطراب نقص الانتباه مع فرط النشاط","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (hyperkinetické poruchy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"ADHS (hyperkinetische Störungen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"ΔΕΠΥ (υπερκινητικές διαταραχές)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"TDAH (trastornos hipercinéticos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"TDAH (troubles hyperkinétiques)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एडीएचडी (अति सक्रियता विकार)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (hiperkinetikus zavarok)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (disturbi ipercinetici)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ADHD（多動性障害）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"ADHD(과잉운동장애)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (zaburzenia hiperkinetyczne)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"PHDA (transtornos hipercinéticos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"СДВГ (гиперкинетические расстройства)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"ADHD (hyperkinetické poruchy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"DEHB (hiperkinetik bozukluklar)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"СДУГ (гіперкінетичні розлади)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"注意缺陷多动障碍（多动性障碍）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","text":"What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?\nADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. But some people don't get diagnosed with ADHD until they are adults. ADHD involves:\n• Having trouble paying attention (inattention)\n• Having trouble controlling impulsive behaviors (impulsivity)\n• Being overly active (hyperactivity)\nWhat are the types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?\nThere are three types of ADHD:\n• Mostly Inattentive ADHD. People with this type of ADHD have trouble paying attention and are easily distracted. It's hard for them to organize or finish tasks. They may have trouble following instructions or conversations.\n• Mostly Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD. People with this type of ADHD have symptoms of both hyperactivity and impulsivity:\n• With hyperactivity, people feel a need to always be moving. They have trouble sitting still and may fidget and/or talk too much.\n• With impulsivity, people have trouble controlling their actions and words. They tend to act on sudden ideas or feelings without thinking about the possible results. They may interrupt others a lot or have trouble waiting their turn.\n• Combined ADHD. People with this type of ADHD have a mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Combined ADHD is the most common type.\nIt's normal to sometimes have trouble paying attention or sitting still, especially for children. But people with ADHD have more severe symptoms that can sometimes cause serious problems, for example, failing grades for a child or a job loss for an adult. The symptoms are ongoing and may affect family and social life, too.\nWhat causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?\nThe exact cause of ADHD is unknown. ADHD probably results from a combination of factors, such as genetics and your environment. Researchers are looking at possible environmental factors that might raise the risk of developing ADHD. These factors include brain injuries, nutrition, and social environments.\nWhat are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?\nThe symptoms of ADHD depend on the type of ADHD a person has:\nPeople with symptoms of attention problems may often:\n• Miss details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or in other activities\n• Have trouble staying focused on play activities or work tasks\n• Not seem to listen when spoken to directly\n• Find it hard to follow instructions or finish tasks, or may start but get easily sidetracked\n• Have trouble being organized, keeping belongings in order, and managing time\n• Avoid doing tasks that require long periods of mental effort\n• Lose important items, such as books, wallets, keys, eyeglasses, and cellphones\n• Forget about doing daily activities\nPeople with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity may often:\n• Fidget and squirm while seated\n• Get up when staying seated is expected, such as at school or work\n• Run around or climb when it's not appropriate (children) or feel restless (teens and adults)\n• Have trouble doing quiet activities\n• Be constantly moving or \"on the go\"\n• Talk much more than is normal\n• Blurt out answers before questions are completed\n• Have trouble waiting for their turn\n• Interrupt others for example during conversations or games\nPeople with combined ADHD show a mix of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms\nHow is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed?\nThere is no single test to diagnose ADHD. One step of the process for diagnosing ADHD involves having a physical exam, including vision tests, hearing tests (for children and adults), and other tests to rule out other problems with symptoms like ADHD. Other problems with similar symptoms include anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and certain types of learning disabilities.\nThe process also involves a thorough medical history and family history. And it usually includes using standardized ADHD symptom checklists, questionnaires, and/or interview questions. These tools have rating scales (scoring systems) that help the provider see if a person's symptoms and history fit a diagnosis of ADHD.\nTo make a diagnosis of ADHD, the provider needs to have found all of these things:\n• Several symptoms of ADHD that began before age 12.\n• Several symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that have lasted for at least 6 months and cause serious problems:\n• For children up to age 16, there must be at least 6 ongoing symptoms.\n• For people 17 and older, there must be at least 5 ongoing symptoms.\n• Symptoms that happen in 2 or more settings, for example, at home and at work or school.\n• Symptoms that clearly get in the way of functioning well at school, work, and/or in social situations.\n• Symptoms aren't caused by another mental health disorder.\nWhat are the treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?\nAlthough there is no cure for ADHD, treatments may help reduce symptoms and improve functioning. ADHD is commonly treated with:\n• Medicines.\n• Psychotherapy (talk therapy), including behavior therapy.\n• Education or training for parents to give them the skills and strategies to help their child. This is especially important for younger children.\n• A combination of these treatments.\nGood treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes, if needed, along the way.\nHaving a healthy lifestyle, such as healthy eating and regular exercise, may also help manage symptoms.\nFor school-aged children, school support is important. This could include classroom-based behavioral interventions such as behavior management plans or teaching your child organizational and study skills. It may also include accommodations such as specific seating in the classroom, reduced classwork, or extended time on tests and exams.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad","text":"¿Qué es el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?\nEl TDAH es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Por lo general, se diagnostica por primera vez en la infancia y, a menudo, dura hasta la edad adulta. Sin embargo, a algunas personas no se les diagnostica el trastorno hasta que son adultas. El TDAH implica:\n• Tener problemas para prestar atención (falta de atención)\n• Tener problemas para controlar conductas impulsivas (impulsividad)\n• Ser demasiado activo (hiperactividad)\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?\nHay tres tipos de TDAH:\n• TDAH predominantemente inatento: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen problemas para prestar atención y se distraen con facilidad. Les cuesta organizarse o terminar las tareas. Pueden tener problemas para seguir instrucciones o conversaciones\n• TDAH predominantemente hiperactivo e impulsivo: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen síntomas tanto de hiperactividad como de impulsividad:\n• Con hiperactividad: Las personas sienten la necesidad de estar siempre en movimiento. Tienen problemas para quedarse quietas y pueden ser inquietas y/o hablar demasiado\n• Con impulsividad: Las personas tienen problemas para controlar sus acciones y palabras. Tienden a actuar sobre ideas o sentimientos repentinos sin pensar en las posibles consecuencias. Pueden interrumpir mucho a los demás o tener problemas para esperar su turno\n• TDAH combinado: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen una combinación de síntomas de falta de atención e hiperactividad-impulsividad. El TDAH combinado es el más común\nA veces es normal tener problemas para prestar atención o quedarse quieto, especialmente en los niños. Pero, en ocasiones, las personas con TDAH tienen síntomas más graves que pueden causar problemas serios, como malas calificaciones para los niños o la pérdida del trabajo para los adultos. Los síntomas son continuos y también pueden afectar la vida familiar y social.\n¿Qué causa el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?\nSe desconoce la causa exacta del TDAH. Probablemente es el resultado de una combinación de factores, como la genética y el entorno. Los investigadores están analizando posibles factores ambientales que podrían aumentar el riesgo de tener TDAH. Estos factores incluyen lesiones cerebrales, nutrición y entornos sociales.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de TDAH que tenga una persona.\nLas personas con síntomas de problemas de atención con frecuencia:\n• No se fijan en detalles o cometen errores por descuido en la escuela, el trabajo o en otras actividades\n• Tienen problemas para concentrarse en actividades de juego o tareas laborales\n• No parecen escuchar cuando se le habla directamente\n• Les resulta difícil seguir instrucciones o terminar tareas, o pueden comenzar, pero se desconcentran fácilmente\n• Tienen problemas para organizarse, mantener sus pertenencias en orden y administrar el tiempo\n• Evitan realizar tareas que requieren largos períodos de esfuerzo mental\n• Pierden artículos importantes como libros, billeteras, llaves, anteojos y celulares\n• Olvidan hacer las actividades diarias\nA menudo, quienes tienen TDHA con síntomas de hiperactividad-impulsividad pueden:\n• Estar inquietos y moverse al estar sentados\n• Pararse cuando deben permanecer sentados, como en la escuela o el trabajo\n• Correr o trepar cuando no es apropiado (niños) o estar inquietos (adolescentes y adultos)\n• Tener problemas para realizar actividades tranquilas\n• Estar en constante movimiento\n• Hablar mucho más de lo normal\n• Dar respuestas bruscas antes de que se completen las preguntas\n• Tener problemas para esperar su turno\n• Interrumpir a los demás, como durante conversaciones o juegos\nLas personas con TDAH combinado muestran una mezcla de síntomas de falta de atención e hiperactividad-impulsividad.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?\nNo existe una prueba única para diagnosticar el TDAH. Un paso del proceso para diagnosticar el TDAH implica realizar un examen físico, que incluye pruebas de visión, pruebas de audición (para niños y adultos) y otros exámenes para descartar otros problemas con síntomas parecidos al TDAH. Otros problemas con síntomas similares incluyen ansiedad, depresión, dificultades para dormir y ciertos tipos de problemas de aprendizaje.\nEl proceso también implica un historial médico completo y antecedentes familiares. Y generalmente incluye el uso de listas de verificación de síntomas de TDAH, cuestionarios y/o preguntas de entrevista estandarizados. Estas herramientas tienen escalas de calificación (sistemas de puntuación) que ayudan al profesional de la salud a ver si los síntomas y los antecedentes de una persona se ajustan a un diagnóstico de TDAH.\nPara hacer un diagnóstico de TDAH, el profesional de la salud debe haber encontrado todas estas cosas:\n• Varios síntomas de TDAH que comenzaron antes de los 12 años\n• Varios síntomas de falta de atención y/o hiperactividad-impulsividad que han durado al menos 6 meses y causan problemas graves:\n• Para niños de hasta 16 años, debe haber al menos 6 síntomas continuos\n• Para los mayores de 17 años, debe haber al menos 5 síntomas continuos\n• Síntomas que ocurren en 2 o más entornos, por ejemplo, en el hogar y en el trabajo o la escuela\n• Síntomas que claramente obstaculizan el buen funcionamiento en la escuela, el trabajo y/o en situaciones sociales\n• Los síntomas no son causados por otro trastorno de salud mental\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?\nAunque no existe cura para el TDAH, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a reducir los síntomas y mejorar el funcionamiento. El TDAH se trata comúnmente con:\n• Medicamentos\n• Psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), incluyendo terapia conductual\n• Educación o capacitación para padres para brindarles las habilidades y estrategias para ayudar a sus hijos. Esto es especialmente importante para los niños más pequeños\n• Una combinación de estos tratamientos\nBuenos planes de tratamiento incluyen una estrecha vigilancia, seguimiento y la realización de cambios, si es necesario, a lo largo del camino.\nLlevar un estilo de vida saludable, como una alimentación sana y hacer ejercicio regular, también puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas.\nPara los niños en edad escolar, el apoyo escolar es importante. Esto puede incluir intervenciones conductuales en el aula, como planes de manejo del comportamiento o enseñarle a su hijo habilidades organizativas y de estudio. También puede incluir adaptaciones como asientos específicos en el aula, trabajo de clase reducido o tiempo adicional en pruebas y exámenes.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0155","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0224","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0195","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"conduct-dissocial-disorder-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/conduct-dissocial-disorder-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F91","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări de conduită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات السلوك","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy chování","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen des Sozialverhaltens","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές διαγωγής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de conducta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles des conduites","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आचरण विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Viselkedészavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi della condotta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"素行障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"품행장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia zachowania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos de conduta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства поведения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy správania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Davranım bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади поведінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"品行障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Conduct disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Child Behavior Disorders","text":"All kids misbehave some times. And some may have temporary behavior problems due to stress. For example, the birth of a sibling, a divorce, or a death in the family may cause a child to act out. Behavior disorders are more serious. They involve a pattern of hostile, aggressive, or disruptive behaviors for more than 6 months. The behavior is also not appropriate for the child's age.\nWarning signs can include:\n• Harming or threatening themselves, other people or pets\n• Damaging or destroying property\n• Lying or stealing\n• Not doing well in school, skipping school\n• Early smoking, drinking or drug use\n• Early sexual activity\n• Frequent tantrums and arguments\n• Consistent hostility toward authority figures\nIf you see signs of a problem, ask for help. Poor choices can become habits. Kids who have behavior problems are at higher risk for school failure, mental health problems, and even suicide. Classes or family therapy may help parents learn to set and enforce limits. Talk therapy and behavior therapy for your child can also help.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos de la conducta del niño","text":"Todos los niños se comportan mal algunas veces. Y otros niños pueden tener problemas de comportamiento temporales debido al estrés. Por ejemplo, el nacimiento de un hermanito, divorcio o la muerte de un miembro de la familia puede hacer que el niño se comporte mal. Pero los trastornos de la conducta son más serios. Abarcan un patrón de conductas hostil, agresivo o perturbador que dura más de seis meses y que no es apropiado para la edad del niño.\nLos signos de advertencia pueden incluir:\n• Dañar o amenazar a otras personas, mascotas o a sí mismos\n• Dañar o destruir las pertenencias ajenas\n• Mentir o robar\n• No tener buen rendimiento escolar, faltar a la escuela\n• Comenzar a fumar, beber o consumir drogas prematuramente\n• Actividad sexual prematura\n• Rabietas y discusiones frecuentes\n• Hostilidad constante hacia las figuras de autoridad\nSi observa alguno de estos problemas, pida ayuda. Las malas elecciones pueden volverse un hábito. Los niños con problemas de conducta tienen más riesgo de fracasar en la escuela, tener problemas mentales y hasta suicidarse. Las clases o la terapia de familia pueden ayudar a los padres a aprender a establecer y hacer cumplir los límites. La psicoterapia y terapia del comportamiento para su hijo también pueden ayudar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0196","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"emotional-disorders-starting-in-childhood","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/emotional-disorders-starting-in-childhood","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F93","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6B0Z","display":"Anxiety or fear-related disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1336943699/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1336943699/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Emotional disorders starting in childhood","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări emoționale cu debut în copilărie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاضطرابات الانفعالية التي تبدأ في الطفولة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Emoční poruchy se začátkem v dětství","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Emotionale Störungen mit Beginn in der Kindheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συναισθηματικές διαταραχές με έναρξη στην παιδική ηλικία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos emocionales de comienzo en la infancia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles émotionnels de l'enfance","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बचपन में शुरू होने वाले भावनात्मक विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gyermekkorban kezdődő érzelmi zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi emotivi con esordio nell'infanzia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"小児期に発症する情緒障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소아기에 발병하는 정서장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia emocjonalne rozpoczynające się w dzieciństwie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos emocionais com início na infância","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эмоциональные расстройства, начинающиеся в детстве","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Emocionálne poruchy so začiatkom v detstve","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çocuklukta başlayan duygusal bozukluklar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Емоційні розлади, що починаються в дитинстві","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"童年起病的情绪障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0197","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"social-functioning-disorders-starting-in-childhood","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/social-functioning-disorders-starting-in-childhood","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F94","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6B0Z","display":"Anxiety or fear-related disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1336943699/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1336943699/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Social functioning disorders starting in childhood","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale funcționării sociale cu debut în copilărie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الأداء الاجتماعي التي تبدأ في الطفولة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy sociálních vztahů se začátkem v dětství a adolescenci","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen sozialer Funktionen mit Beginn in Kindheit und Jugend","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές κοινωνικής λειτουργικότητας με έναρξη στην παιδική ηλικία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del comportamiento social de comienzo en la infancia y adolescencia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du fonctionnement social de l'enfance et de l'adolescence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बचपन में शुरू होने वाले सामाजिक व्यवहार विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gyermek- és serdülőkorban kezdődő szociális működési zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del funzionamento sociale con esordio nell'infanzia e adolescenza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"小児期に発症する社会的機能の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소아기에 발병하는 사회적 기능 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia funkcjonowania społecznego rozpoczynające się w dzieciństwie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Transtornos do funcionamento social com início na infância e adolescência","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства социального функционирования, начинающиеся в детстве","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy sociálneho fungovania so začiatkom v detstve a dospievaní","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çocuklukta başlayan sosyal işlevsellik bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади соціального функціонування, що починаються в дитинстві","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"童年起病的社会功能障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Child Mental Health","text":"It's important to recognize and treat mental illnesses in children early on. Once mental illness develops, it becomes a regular part of your child's behavior. This makes it more difficult to treat.\nBut it's not always easy to know when your child has a serious problem. Everyday stresses can cause changes in your child's behavior. For example, getting a new brother or sister or going to a new school may cause a child to temporarily act out. Warning signs that it might be a more serious problem include:\n• Problems in more than one setting (at school, at home, with peers)\n• Changes in appetite or sleep\n• Social withdrawal or fear of things he or she did not used to be not afraid of\n• Returning to behaviors more common in younger children, such as bedwetting\n• Signs of being upset, such as sadness or tearfulness\n• Signs of self-destructive behavior, such as head-banging or suddenly getting hurt often\n• Repeated thoughts of death\nTo diagnose mental health problems, the doctor or mental health specialist looks at your child's signs and symptoms, medical history, and family history. Treatments include medicines and talk therapy.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Salud mental del niño","text":"Es importante reconocer y tratar los trastornos mentales de los niños desde el comienzo. Una vez que el trastorno mental se desarrolla, se vuelve una parte habitual de la conducta de su hijo. Esto lo hace más difícil de tratar.\nPero no siempre es fácil saber si su hijo tiene un problema serio. Las tensiones diarias pueden causar cambios en el comportamiento de su hijo. Por ejemplo, la llegada de un nuevo hermano o hermana o ir a una nueva escuela puede causar problemas pasajeros de comportamiento. Las señales de aviso de cuándo podría ser un problema más serio incluyen:\n• Problemas en más de un entorno (en la escuela, en casa, con sus compañeros)\n• Cambios en el apetito o el sueño\n• Aislamiento social o miedo a cosas que antes no le causaba temor\n• Volver a portarse como un niño pequeño, por ejemplo orinarse en la cama\n• Señales de estar molesto, como tristeza o llanto\n• Signos de hacerse daño a sí mismo, como golpearse la cabeza o de repente herirse a menudo\n• Pensamientos repetitivos sobre la muerte\nPara diagnosticar problemas de salud mental, el profesional de la salud o especialista en salud mental presta atención a las señales y síntomas de su hijo, su historia clínica y familiar. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y terapia de conversación.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0198","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-behavioural-and-emotional-disorders-starting-in-childhood-e-g-bedwetting-stuttering","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-behavioural-and-emotional-disorders-starting-in-childhood-e-g-bedwetting-stuttering","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"F98","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"6B0Z","display":"Anxiety or fear-related disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1336943699/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1336943699/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other behavioural and emotional disorders starting in childhood (e.g. bedwetting, stuttering)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte tulburări comportamentale și emoționale cu debut în copilărie (ex. enurezis, bâlbâială)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات سلوكية وانفعالية أخرى تبدأ في الطفولة (مثل سلس البول الليلي والتأتأة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy chování a emocí se začátkem v dětství (např. pomočování, koktavost)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Verhaltens- und emotionale Störungen mit Beginn in der Kindheit (z. B. Einnässen, Stottern)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές συμπεριφοράς και συναισθήματος με έναρξη στην παιδική ηλικία (π.χ. ενούρηση, τραυλισμός)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos del comportamiento y emocionales de comienzo en la infancia (p. ej., enuresis, tartamudez)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres troubles du comportement et émotionnels de l'enfance (p. ex. énurésie, bégaiement)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बचपन में शुरू होने वाले अन्य व्यवहारिक और भावनात्मक विकार (जैसे बिस्तर गीला करना, हकलाना)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb gyermekkorban kezdődő viselkedési és érzelmi zavarok (pl. ágybavizelés, dadogás)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi comportamentali ed emotivi dell'infanzia (es. enuresi, balbuzie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"小児期に発症するその他の行動・情緒の障害（夜尿、吃音など）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소아기에 발병하는 기타 행동·정서 장애(야뇨, 말더듬 등)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zaburzenia zachowania i emocji z początkiem w dzieciństwie (np. moczenie, jąkanie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros transtornos comportamentais e emocionais da infância (ex. enurese, gaguez)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие поведенческие и эмоциональные расстройства детского возраста (напр. энурез, заикание)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy správania a emócií so začiatkom v detstve (napr. pomočovanie, zajakavosť)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çocuklukta başlayan diğer davranışsal ve duygusal bozukluklar (ör. altını ıslatma, kekemelik)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші поведінкові та емоційні розлади дитячого віку (напр. енурез, заїкання)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"童年起病的其他行为和情绪障碍（如遗尿、口吃）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0199","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"huntington-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/huntington-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A01.10","display":"Huntington disease","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2132180242","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2132180242"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Huntington disease","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء هنتنغتون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Huntingtonova nemoc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chorea Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie de Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हंटिंगटन रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Huntington-kór","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia di Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ハンチントン病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"헌팅턴병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba Huntingtona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença de Huntington","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезнь Гентингтона","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Huntingtonova choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Huntington hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороба Гантінгтона","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"亨廷顿病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Huntington's Disease","text":"Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away. People are born with the defective gene, but symptoms usually don't appear until middle age. Early symptoms of HD may include uncontrolled movements, clumsiness, and balance problems. Later, HD can take away the ability to walk, talk, and swallow. Some people stop recognizing family members. Others are aware of their environment and are able to express emotions.\nIf one of your parents has Huntington's disease, you have a 50% chance of getting it. A blood test can tell you if have the HD gene and will develop the disease. Genetic counseling can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking the test.\nThere is no cure. Medicines can help manage some of the symptoms, but cannot slow down or stop the disease.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de Huntington","text":"La enfermedad de Huntington es una enfermedad hereditaria que provoca el desgaste de algunas células nerviosas del cerebro. Las personas nacen con el gen defectuoso pero los síntomas no aparecen hasta después de los 30 o 40 años. Los síntomas iniciales de esta enfermedad pueden incluir movimientos descontrolados, torpeza y problemas de equilibrio. Más adelante, puede impedir caminar, hablar y tragar. Algunas personas dejan de reconocer a sus familiares. Otros están concientes de lo que los rodea y pueden expresar sus emociones.\nSi uno de sus padres tiene la enfermedad de Huntington, usted tiene un 50% de posibilidades de tenerla. Un análisis de sangre puede indicar si tiene el gen de la enfermedad y si la desarrollará. La consejería genética puede ayudarlo a evaluar los riesgos y los beneficios de someterse al análisis.\nNo existe una cura. Hay medicinas que pueden ayudarlo a controlar algunos síntomas, pero no pueden retrasar ni detener la enfermedad.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0200","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hereditary-ataxia-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hereditary-ataxia-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G11","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A03.1Z","display":"Hereditary ataxia, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/442347652/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#442347652/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ataxie ereditară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الرنح الوراثي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dědičná ataxie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erbliche Ataxie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κληρονομική αταξία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ataxia hereditaria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ataxie héréditaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वंशानुगत गतिभंग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Örökletes ataxia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atassia ereditaria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"遺伝性運動失調症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"유전성 운동실조","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ataksja dziedziczna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ataxia hereditária","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Наследственная атаксия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dedičná ataxia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalıtsal ataksi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Спадкова атаксія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"遗传性共济失调","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hereditary ataxia","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cerebellar Disorders","text":"When you play the piano or hit a tennis ball you are activating the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the area of the brain that controls coordination and balance. Problems with the cerebellum include:\n• Cancer\n• Genetic disorders\n• Ataxias - failure of muscle control in the arms and legs that result in movement disorders\n• Degeneration - disorders caused by brain cells decreasing in size or wasting away\nTreatment of cerebellar disorders depends on the cause. In some cases, there is no cure but treatment may help with symptoms.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del cerebelo","text":"Cuando usted toca el piano o golpea una pelota de tenis, usted esta activando el cerebelo. El cerebelo es el área del cerebro que controla la coordinación y el equilibrio. Los problemas con el cerebelo incluyen:\n• Cáncer\n• Enfermedades genéticas\n• Ataxias: Falta de control muscular en los brazos y piernas que resultan en trastornos del movimiento\n• Degeneración: Problemas causados por células del cerebro que disminuyen en tamaño o se consumen\nEl tratamiento de los problemas en el cerebelo depende de la causa. En algunos casos no existe una cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0201","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"spinal-muscular-atrophy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G12","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Spinal muscular atrophy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atrofie musculară spinală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ضمور العضلات الشوكي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spinální svalová atrofie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Spinale Muskelatrophie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νωτιαία μυϊκή ατροφία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Atrofia muscular espinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amyotrophie spinale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्पाइनल मस्कुलर एट्रॉफी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Spinális izomsorvadás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atrofia muscolare spinale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脊髄性筋萎縮症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"척수성 근위축증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rdzeniowy zanik mięśni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Atrofia muscular espinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Спинальная мышечная атрофия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spinálna svalová atrofia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Spinal müsküler atrofi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Спінальна м'язова атрофія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脊髓性肌萎缩症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Spinal Muscular Atrophy","text":"What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?\nSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of genetic diseases that damages and kills motor neurons. Motor neurons are a type of nerve cell in the spinal cord and lower part of the brain. They control movement in your arms, legs, face, chest, throat, and tongue.\nAs the motor neurons die off, your muscles start to weaken and atrophy (waste away). The muscle damage gets worse over time and can affect speaking, walking, swallowing, and breathing.\nWhat are the types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and what are their symptoms?\nThere are different types of SMA. They are based on how serious the disease is and when the symptoms start:\n• Type l is also called Werdnig-Hoffman disease or infantile-onset SMA. It is the most severe type. It is also the most common. Babies with this type usually show signs of the disease before 6 months of age. In more severe cases, the signs show up even before or just after birth (Types 0 or 1A). The babies may have trouble swallowing and breathing and may not move around a lot. They have chronic shortening of muscles or tendons (called contractures). They usually cannot sit up without help. Without treatment, many children with this type will die before 2 years of age.\n• Type ll is a moderate to severe type of SMA. It usually first noticed between 6 and 18 months of age. Most children with this type can sit without support but cannot stand or walk without help. They may also have trouble breathing. They can usually live into adolescence or young adulthood.\n• Type lll is also called Kugelberg-Welander disease. It is the mildest type that affects children. The signs of the disease usually show up after age 18 months. Children with this type can walk by themselves but may have trouble running, getting up from a chair, or climbing stairs. They may also have scoliosis (curvature of the spine), contractures, and respiratory infections. With treatment, most children with this type will have a normal lifespan.\n• Type IV is rare and often mild. It usually causes symptoms after 21 years of age. The symptoms include mild to moderate leg muscle weakness, tremors, and mild breathing problems. The symptoms slowly get worse over time. People with this type of SMA have a normal lifespan.\nWhat causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?\nMost types of SMA are caused by a change in the SMN1 gene. This gene is responsible for making a protein that the motor neurons need to be healthy and to function. But when part of the SMN1 gene is missing or abnormal, there isn't enough protein for the motor neurons. This causes the motor neurons to die off.\nMost people have two copies of the SM1 gene - one from each parent. SMA normally only happens when both copies have the gene change. If only one copy has the change, there usually aren't any symptoms. But that gene could be passed down from parent to child.\nSome of the less common types of SMA may be caused by changes in other genes.\nHow is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose SMA:\n• A physical exam\n• A medical history, including asking about family history\n• Genetic testing to check for the gene changes that cause SMA\n• Electromyography and nerve conduction studies and a muscle biopsy may be done, especially if no gene changes were found\nParents who have a family history of SMA may want to do a prenatal test to check to see whether their baby has an SMN1 gene change. An amniocentesis or in some cases a chorionic villi sampling (CVS) is used to get the sample for testing.\nIn some states, genetic testing for SMA is part of newborn screening tests.\nWhat are the treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?\nThere is no cure for SMA. Treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. They may include:\n• Medicines to help the body make more of the proteins that the motor neurons need\n• Gene therapy for children under 2 years of age\n• Physical, occupational, and rehabilitation therapy to help to improve posture and the mobility of the joints. These therapies may also improve blood flow and slow muscle weakness and atrophy. Some people may also need therapy for trouble speaking, chewing, and swallowing.\n• Assistive devices such as supports or braces, orthotics, speech synthesizers, and wheelchairs to help people stay more independent\n• Good nutrition and a balanced diet to help maintain weight and strength. Some people might need a feeding tube in order to get the nutrition they need.\n• Breathing support for people who have muscle weakness in the neck, throat, and chest. The support may include devices to help with breathing during the day and to prevent sleep apnea at night. Some people might need to be on a ventilator.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Atrofia muscular espinal","text":"¿Qué es la atrofia muscular espinal (AME)?\nLa atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es un grupo de enfermedades genéticas que daña y mata las neuronas motoras. Las neuronas motoras son un tipo de célula nerviosa de la médula espinal y la parte inferior del cerebro. Controlan el movimiento de los brazos, piernas, cara, pecho, garganta y lengua.\nA medida que las neuronas motoras mueren, los músculos comienzan a debilitarse y atrofiarse (desgastan). El daño muscular empeora con el tiempo y puede afectar el habla, caminar, tragar y la respiración.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de atrofia muscular espinal y cuáles son sus síntomas?\nHay diferentes tipos de atrofia muscular espinal. Se basan en la gravedad de la enfermedad y cuándo comienzan los síntomas:\n• El tipo 1 también se llama enfermedad de Werdnig-Hoffmann o AME de inicio infantil. Es el tipo más grave y el más común. En general, los bebés con este tipo muestran signos de la enfermedad antes de los 6 meses de edad. En casos más serios, los signos aparecen incluso antes o justo después del nacimiento (tipos 0 o 1A). Los bebés pueden tener problemas para tragar y respirar y es posible que no se muevan mucho. Tienen un acortamiento crónico de músculos o tendones (llamado contracturas). Por lo general, no pueden sentarse sin ayuda. Sin tratamiento, muchos niños con este tipo morirán antes de cumplir los 2 años\n• El tipo ll es un tipo de AME de moderado a grave. Por lo general, se nota por primera vez entre los 6 y los 18 meses de edad. La mayoría de los niños con este tipo pueden sentarse sin apoyo, pero no pueden pararse ni caminar sin ayuda. También pueden tener problemas para respirar. Usualmente, pueden vivir hasta la adolescencia o la edad adulta\n• El tipo III también se conoce como enfermedad de Kugelberg-Welander. Es el tipo más leve que afecta a los niños. Los signos de la enfermedad suelen aparecer después de los 18 meses. Los niños con este tipo pueden caminar solos, pero pueden tener problemas para correr, levantarse de una silla o subir escaleras. También pueden tener escoliosis (curvatura de la columna), contracturas e infecciones respiratorias. Con tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con este tipo tienen una expectativa de vida normal\n• El tipo IV es poco común y, a menudo, leve. Por lo general, causa síntomas después de los 21 años. Los síntomas incluyen debilidad leve a moderada de los músculos de las piernas, temblores y problemas respiratorios leves. Los síntomas empeoran lentamente con el tiempo. Las personas con este tipo de AME tienen una expectativa de vida normal\n¿Qué causa la atrofia muscular espinal?\nLa mayoría de los tipos de AME son causados por un cambio en el gen SMN1. Este gen es responsable de producir una proteína que las neuronas motoras necesitan para estar sanas y funcionar. Pero cuando falta parte del gen SMN1 o es anormal, no hay suficiente proteína para las neuronas motoras. Esto causa la muerte de las neuronas motoras.\nLa mayoría de las personas tienen dos copias del gen SM1, una de cada progenitor. La AME normalmente solo ocurre cuando ambas copias tienen el cambio genético. Si solo una copia tiene el cambio, generalmente no hay ningún síntoma. Pero el gen podría transmitirse de padres a hijos.\nAlgunos de los tipos menos comunes de AME pueden deberse a cambios en otros genes.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la atrofia muscular espinal?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la atrofia muscular espinal:\n• Un examen físico\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo antecedentes familiares\n• Pruebas genéticas para verificar los cambios genéticos que causan la AME\n• Se pueden realizar electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa y una biopsia muscular, sobre todo si no se encuentran cambios genéticos\nLos padres que tienen antecedentes familiares de AME pueden querer hacer una prueba prenatal para verificar si su bebé tiene un cambio en el gen SMN1. Se usa una amniocentesis o, en algunos casos, una muestra de vellosidades coriónicas para obtener la muestra para la prueba.\nEn algunos estados, las pruebas genéticas de AME son parte de los exámenes de detección del recién nacido.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la atrofia muscular espinal?\nNo existe cura para la AME. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos para ayudar al cuerpo a producir más proteínas necesarias para las neuronas motoras\n• Terapia genética para niños menores de 2 años\n• Terapia física, ocupacional y de rehabilitación para ayudar a mejorar la postura y la movilidad de las articulaciones. Estas terapias también pueden mejorar el flujo sanguíneo y retrasar la debilidad y atrofia muscular. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar terapia por problemas para hablar, masticar y tragar\n• Dispositivos de asistencia como soportes o aparatos ortopédicos, órtesis, sintetizadores de voz y sillas de ruedas para ayudar a las personas a ser más independientes\n• Buena nutrición y una dieta equilibrada para ayudar a mantener el peso y la fuerza. Algunas personas pueden necesitar una sonda de alimentación para obtener la nutrición que necesitan\n• Apoyo respiratorio para personas que tienen debilidad muscular en el cuello, la garganta y el pecho. El apoyo puede incluir dispositivos para ayudar con la respiración durante el día y prevenir la apnea del sueño durante la noche. Algunas personas pueden necesitar un ventilador\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0241","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Muscular Atrophy, Spinal — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0247","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Muscular Atrophy, Spinal — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0288","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Muscular Atrophy, Spinal — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0202","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"post-polio-syndrome","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/post-polio-syndrome","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G14","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Post-polio syndrome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindrom postpoliomielitic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة ما بعد شلل الأطفال","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Postpoliomyelitický syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Post-Polio-Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο μετά την πολιομυελίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome pospoliomielítico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome post-poliomyélitique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पोस्ट-पोलियो सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Posztpolio szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome post-polio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ポリオ後症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소아마비 후 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół postpolio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome pós-pólio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Постполиомиелитический синдром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Postpoliomyelitický syndróm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Polio sonrası sendrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Постполіомієлітний синдром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脊髓灰质炎后综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome","text":"What is polio?\nPolio, or poliomyelitis, is a disease that spreads from person to person. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus attacks the nervous system. In serious cases, it can cause paralysis (where you can't move parts of the body). The paralysis may be lifelong and can sometimes be life-threatening.\nBecause of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States. But polio does occur in some parts of the world, and travelers can spread the virus.\nHow does polio spread?\nThe poliovirus is very contagious. It spreads through contact with:\n• The stool (poop) of person who has the infection\n• Droplets from a sneeze or cough of someone who has the infection\nThis contact can happen if:\n• You get contaminated stool or droplets on your hands and then touch your mouth\n• A child puts contaminated toys or other objects into their mouth\n• You share food or utensils with someone who has the infection\nPeople who have the infection can spread it to others just before and up to several weeks after the symptoms appear. People who don't have symptoms can still spread the virus to others and make them sick.\nWho is more likely to develop polio?\nPolio mainly affects children under age 5. But people of any age (including adults) who are unvaccinated are at risk of developing polio. People who live in or travel to areas where there is polio are more likely to get polio.\nWhat are the symptoms of polio?\nMost people who get infected with poliovirus do not have any symptoms. But one out of four people who get polio will have flu-like symptoms. These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days, and they include:\n• Sore throat\n• Fever\n• Fatigue\n• Nausea\n• Headache\n• Stomach pain\nIn rare cases, polio can be very serious. It can lead to:\n• Meningitis, an infection of the covering of your spinal cord and/or brain.\n• Weakness or paralysis in your arms, legs, or both. This paralysis or weakness can last a lifetime. It is possible for the paralysis to become life-threatening if it affects the muscles that you use to breathe.\n• Post-polio syndrome (PPS), which happens later in life.\nWhat is post-polio syndrome (PPS)?\nPost-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious.\nPeople who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include:\n• Muscle weakness\n• Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles)\n• Loss of muscle function\n• Mental and physical fatigue\n• Joint pain\n• Curving of the spine (scoliosis)\nPPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life.\nHow is polio diagnosed?\nIf you think you or someone in your family has symptoms of polio, call your healthcare provider right away or go to an emergency room.\nTo find out if you or your child has polio, the provider:\n• Will do a physical exam.\n• Will take a detailed medical history, including your vaccination history and history of any recent travel.\n• Will collect samples of body fluids, such as stool, saliva, blood, urine, and spinal fluid. Poliovirus is most likely to be detected in stool specimens.\n• May do an MRI to look at pictures of the spinal cord.\nWhat are the treatments for polio and post-polio syndrome (PPS)?\nThere is no cure or specific treatment for polio. For a mild case, getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids may help with some of the symptoms.\nIf the polio is more serious, you or your child may need:\n• Physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. The earlier therapy is started, the better.\n• Pain relievers to help with pain and treat fever. If your child is sick, do not give them aspirin unless their provider tells you to.\n• A ventilator to help with breathing if the breathing muscles are weak or paralyzed.\nThere is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include:\n• Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you.\n• Mobility aids.\n• Ventilation equipment.\n• Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.\nCan polio be prevented?\nThere are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio:\n• Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on how old you are. Since 2000, this has been the only polio vaccine used in the United States.\n• Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is given as drops in the mouth. It is still used throughout much of the world.\nChildren in the United States get four doses of PV as part of their routine childhood immunizations. Most adults in the United States were vaccinated against polio as children.\nThere is a one-time IPV booster. It may be given to adults who have completed their polio vaccinations but are at higher risk of contact with poliovirus. You may be at higher risk if you are:\n• Traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater\n• Working in a laboratory or healthcare setting and handling samples that might contain polioviruses\n• A healthcare worker who has contact with patients who could have polio\nAnother way to help prevent the spread of polio is to wash your hands often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers will not kill poliovirus.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Polio y síndrome de post-polio","text":"¿Qué es la poliomielitis?\nLa poliomielitis, o polio, es una enfermedad que se transmite de persona a persona. Es causada por el poliovirus. Este virus ataca el sistema nervioso. En casos graves, puede causar parálisis (no es posible mover partes del cuerpo). La parálisis puede durar toda la vida y, en ocasiones, poner en riesgo la vida.\nGracias a las vacunas, la poliomielitis es rara en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, ocurre en algunas partes del mundo y los viajeros pueden propagar el virus.\n¿Cómo se propaga la poliomielitis?\nEl poliovirus es muy contagioso. Se propaga a través del contacto con:\n• Heces de la persona con la infección\n• Gotas de un estornudo o tos de alguien con la infección\nEste contacto puede ocurrir si:\n• Tiene heces o gotitas contaminadas en sus manos y luego se toca la boca\n• Un niño se lleva a la boca juguetes u otros objetos contaminados\n• Comparte alimentos o utensilios con alguien que tiene la infección\nLas personas que tienen la infección pueden transmitirla a otros justo antes y hasta varias semanas después de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas sin síntomas aún pueden transmitir el virus a otros y enfermarlos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener polio?\nLa poliomielitis afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años. Pero personas de cualquier edad (incluidos los adultos) que no están vacunadas corren el riesgo de contraerla. Las personas que viven o viajan a áreas donde hay polio tienen más probabilidades de contraerla.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la poliomielitis?\nLa mayoría de las personas que se infectan con el poliovirus no presentan síntomas. Pero 1 de cada 4 personas que contraen polio tendrá síntomas similares a los de la gripe. Estos síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 5 días e incluyen:\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Fiebre\n• Fatiga\n• Náuseas\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Dolor de estómago\nEn casos raros, la poliomielitis puede ser muy grave. Puede causar:\n• Meningitis: Infección de la cubierta de su médula espinal y/o cerebro\n• Debilidad o parálisis en sus brazos, piernas o ambos: Esta parálisis o debilidad puede durar toda la vida. Es posible que se convierta en una amenaza para la vida si afecta los músculos que usa para respirar\n• Síndrome pospolio: Ocurre más adelante en la vida\n¿Qué es el síndrome post-polio?\nEl síndrome post-polio (SPP) es un problema que afecta a los sobrevivientes de polio muchos años después de que se recuperaron de la afección. Suele ocurrir 15-40 años después. No es contagioso.\nLas personas que contraen síndrome post-polio comienzan a tener un nuevo debilitamiento en los músculos que anteriormente se vieron afectados por la infección de polio. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:\n• Debilidad muscular\n• Atrofia muscular (desgaste de los músculos)\n• Pérdida de la función muscular\n• Fatiga mental y física\n• Dolor en las articulaciones\n• Curvatura de la columna (escoliosis)\nEl síndrome post-polio rara vez puede ser mortal, pero los síntomas pueden interferir con su vida diaria.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la poliomielitis?\nSi cree que usted o alguien de su familia tiene síntomas de polio, llame a su profesional de la salud de inmediato o vaya a la sala de emergencias.\nPara saber si usted o su hijo tienen polio, el profesional de la salud puede:\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Detallar su historia clínica, incluyendo el historial de vacunación y de cualquier viaje reciente\n• Recolectar muestras de fluidos corporales, como heces, saliva, sangre, orina y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Es más probable que el poliovirus se detecte en muestras de heces\n• Hacer una resonancia magnética para observar imágenes de la médula espinal\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la polio y el síndrome post-polio?\nNo hay cura ni tratamiento específico para la poliomielitis. Para un caso leve, descansar y beber muchos líquidos puede ayudar con algunos de los síntomas.\nSi la poliomielitis es más grave, es posible que usted o su hijo necesiten:\n• Terapia física u ocupacional para ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Cuanto antes se inicie la terapia, mejor\n• Analgésicos para aliviar el dolor y tratar la fiebre. Si su hijo está enfermo, no le dé aspirina a menos que su proveedor se lo indique\n• Un ventilador para ayudar con la respiración si los músculos respiratorios están débiles o paralizados\nNo hay cura para el síndrome post-polio. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas, incluyendo:\n• Ejercicios sin fatiga (ejercicios que no causan dolor o fatiga que dure más de 10 minutos): Pueden mejorar la fuerza muscular y reducir el cansancio. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudar a determinar qué ejercicios son mejores para usted\n• Asistencia para la movilidad\n• Equipos de ventilación\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como seguir una dieta saludable, dormir lo suficiente y no fumar\n¿Se puede prevenir la poliomielitis?\nHay dos tipos de vacunas que pueden prevenir la poliomielitis:\n• Vacuna de poliovirus inactivado: Se aplica como inyección en la pierna o el brazo, según la edad que tenga. Desde el año 2000, esta ha sido la única vacuna contra la poliomielitis utilizada en los EE. UU.\n• Vacuna oral contra el poliovirus: Se administra en forma de gotas en la boca. Todavía se usa en gran parte del mundo\nLos niños en los EE. UU. reciben cuatro dosis de vacunas contra la polio como parte de su inmunización infantil de rutina. La mayoría de los adultos en los Estados Unidos fueron vacunados contra la poliomielitis cuando eran niños.\nHay un refuerzo de dosis única de vacuna de poliovirus inactivado. Se puede administrar a adultos que han completado sus vacunas contra la poliomielitis pero que tienen un mayor riesgo de contacto con el poliovirus. Puede tener un mayor riesgo si:\n• Viaja a un país donde el riesgo de contraer polio es mayor\n• Trabaja en un laboratorio o entorno de atención médica y manipula muestras que podrían contener poliovirus\n• Es un trabajador de la salud que tiene contacto con pacientes que podrían tener polio\nOtra forma de ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la poliomielitis es lavarse las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no matan el poliovirus.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0203","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"parkinson-disease-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/parkinson-disease-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G20","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala Parkinson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء باركنسون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonova nemoc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Parkinson-Krankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος Πάρκινσον","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de Parkinson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie de Parkinson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पार्किंसन रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Parkinson-kór","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia di Parkinson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"パーキンソン病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"파킨슨병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba Parkinsona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença de Parkinson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезнь Паркинсона","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonova choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Parkinson hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороба Паркінсона","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"帕金森病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Parkinson disease","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Parkinson's Disease","text":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a type of movement disorder. It happens when nerve cells in the brain don't produce enough of a brain chemical called dopamine. Sometimes it is genetic, but most cases do not seem to run in families. Exposure to chemicals in the environment might play a role.\nSymptoms begin gradually, often on one side of the body. Later they affect both sides. They include:\n• Trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face\n• Stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk\n• Slowness of movement\n• Poor balance and coordination\nAs symptoms get worse, people with the disease may have trouble walking, talking, or doing simple tasks. They may also have problems such as depression, sleep problems, or trouble chewing, swallowing, or speaking.\nThere is no specific test for PD, so it can be difficult to diagnose. Doctors use a medical history and a neurological examination to diagnose it.\nPD usually begins around age 60, but it can start earlier. It is more common in men than in women. There is no cure for PD. A variety of medicines sometimes help symptoms dramatically. Surgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can help severe cases. With DBS, electrodes are surgically implanted in the brain. They send electrical pulses to stimulate the parts of the brain that control movement.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de Parkinson","text":"La enfermedad de Parkinson es un tipo de trastorno del movimiento. Ocurre cuando las células nerviosas (neuronas) no producen suficiente cantidad de una sustancia química importante en el cerebro conocida como dopamina. Algunos casos son genéticos pero la mayoría no parece darse entre miembros de una misma familia.\nLos síntomas comienzan lentamente, en general, en un lado del cuerpo. Luego afectan ambos lados. Algunos son:\n• Temblor en las manos, los brazos, las piernas, la mandíbula y la cara\n• Rigidez en los brazos, las piernas y el tronco\n• Lentitud de los movimientos\n• Problemas de equilibrio y coordinación\nA medida que los síntomas empeoran, las personas con la enfermedad pueden tener dificultades para caminar o hacer labores simples. También pueden tener problemas como depresión, trastornos del sueño o dificultades para masticar, tragar o hablar.\nNo existe un examen de diagnóstico para esta enfermedad. Los doctores usan el historial del paciente y un examen neurológico para diagnosticarlo.\nLa enfermedad de Parkinson suele comenzar alrededor de los 60 años, pero puede aparecer antes. Es mucho más común entre los hombres que entre las mujeres. No existe una cura para la enfermedad de Parkinson. Existen diversas medicinas que a veces ayudan a mejorar enormemente los síntomas. En casos severos, una cirugía y estimulación cerebral profunda (electrodos implantados en el cerebro que envían pulsos para estimular las partes del cerebro que controlan el movimiento) pueden ayudar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0204","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"secondary-parkinsonism-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/secondary-parkinsonism-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G21","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonism secundar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الباركنسونية الثانوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sekundární parkinsonismus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sekundäres Parkinson-Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δευτεροπαθής παρκινσονισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonismo secundario","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome parkinsonien secondaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"द्वितीयक पार्किंसनिज़्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Másodlagos parkinsonizmus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonismo secondario","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"二次性パーキンソニズム","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이차성 파킨슨증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonizm wtórny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Parkinsonismo secundário","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вторичный паркинсонизм","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sekundárny parkinsonizmus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sekonder parkinsonizm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вторинний паркінсонізм","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"继发性帕金森综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Secondary parkinsonism","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0205","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dystonia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dystonia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G24","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A02.Z","display":"Dystonic disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2145753518/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2145753518/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dystonia","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Distonía","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Distonie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خلل التوتر العضلي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dystonie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dystonie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυστονία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dystonie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डिस्टोनिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Disztónia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Distonia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ジストニア","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"근긴장이상증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dystonia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distonia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дистония","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dystónia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Distoni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дистонія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肌张力障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Dystonia","text":"Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes involuntary contractions of your muscles. These contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements. Sometimes they are painful.\nDystonia can affect just one muscle, a group of muscles or all of your muscles. Symptoms can include tremors, voice problems or a dragging foot. Symptoms often start in childhood. They can also start in the late teens or early adulthood. Some cases worsen over time. Others are mild.\nSome people inherit dystonia. Others have it because of another disease. Researchers think that dystonia may be due to a problem in the part of the brain that handles messages about muscle contractions. There is no cure. Doctors use medicines, Botox injections, surgery, physical therapy, and other treatments to reduce or eliminate muscle spasms and pain.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Distonía","text":"La distonía es un trastorno del movimiento que causa contracciones involuntarias de los músculos. Estas contracciones resultan en torsiones y movimientos repetitivos. Algunas veces son dolorosas.\nLa distonía puede afectar solamente un músculo, un grupo de músculos o todos los músculos. Los síntomas pueden incluir temblores, problemas en la voz o arrastrar un pie. Los síntomas suelen comenzar en la infancia. También pueden comenzar al final de la adolescencia o en la edad adulta temprana. Algunos casos empeoran con el tiempo. Otros son leves.\nAlgunas personas heredan esta afección. Otras, la desarrollan como consecuencia de otra enfermedad. Los investigadores consideran que la distonía proviene de un problema en la parte del cerebro que controla los mensajes relacionados con las contracciones musculares. No existe una cura. Pero los médicos usan medicinas, inyecciones de Botox, cirugía, terapia física y otros tratamientos para reducir o eliminar los espasmos musculares y el dolor.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0206","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"alzheimer-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/alzheimer-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G30","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A20","display":"Alzheimer disease","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1611724421","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1611724421"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Alzheimer disease","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala Alzheimer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء ألزهايمر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alzheimerova nemoc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Alzheimer-Krankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος Αλτσχάιμερ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de Alzheimer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie d'Alzheimer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अल्ज़ाइमर रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alzheimer-kór","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia di Alzheimer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アルツハイマー病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알츠하이머병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba Alzheimera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença de Alzheimer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезнь Альцгеймера","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alzheimerova choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alzheimer hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороба Альцгеймера","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿尔茨海默病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Alzheimer's Disease","text":"What is Alzheimer's disease?\nAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects thinking and memory skills. If you have AD, it can impair your ability to reason or learn new skills until it becomes difficult to complete daily activities.\nAD begins slowly over many years. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. It may be mistaken for normal memory changes with aging. However, AD is not a normal part of aging. The brain changes from the disease lead to symptoms that get worse over time.\nWhat are the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?\nPeople with AD may have trouble remembering recent events or the names of people they know. Behavior may vary from person to person and day to day. AD progresses in stages. Late-onset AD occurs in adults aged 65 and older, which is when most people develop the disease. Early-onset AD happens before age 65, which is not common.\nSome symptoms of AD can include:\n• Getting lost in familiar places\n• Repeating the same question\n• Not recognizing family members\n• Having trouble speaking, reading, or writing\n• Not taking care of yourself, such as not bathing or eating poorly\nIn AD, over time, symptoms get worse. Later on, people with AD may become anxious or aggressive or wander away from home. Eventually, they need total care. This can cause great stress for family members who must care for them.\nWho is more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease?\nResearchers don't fully understand what causes AD. Age is the biggest risk factor. Your risk is also higher if a family member has had the disease. Although people who develop Alzheimer's don't always have a history of the disease in their families.\nResearchers believe the causes of AD may be a combination of age-related changes in the brain, along with genetic, health, and lifestyle factors. Some medical conditions that are associated with a higher risk of AD include:\n• Hearing loss\n• Depression\n• Mild cognitive impairment\n• Concussion or other traumatic brain injury (TBI)\nA related problem, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), causes more memory problems than normal for people of the same age. Many, but not all, people with MCI will develop AD.\nHow is Alzheimer's disease diagnosed?\nSome health conditions can cause memory loss or symptoms like AD. Talk with your health care provider if you're having noticeable changes in your memory. To determine if your symptoms are related to AD and not normal aging or another health condition, your provider may:\n• Review your medical history and any medicines you're taking\n• Conduct tests to check your memory, thinking, and problem-solving skills\n• Ask about changes in behavior or personality\n• Do tests to rule out any medical or mental health conditions\n• Refer you to a provider that specializes in caring for older adults\n• Recommend a neurologist, a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the brain and nervous system\nWhat are the treatments for Alzheimer's disease?\nNo treatment can stop the disease. However, some medicines may help keep symptoms from getting worse for a limited time.\nCan Alzheimer's disease be prevented?\nYou can't change some risk factors, like your age. But changing certain lifestyle factors may promote your brain health and help you live a healthier lifestyle overall. This can include to:\n• Manage chronic health issues such as high blood pressure or hearing loss\n• Get regular physical activity\n• Eat a healthy diet\n• Quit smoking (or don't start)\n• Get enough sleep\n• Develop strong social connections\nNIH: National Institute on Aging","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de Alzheimer","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad de Alzheimer?\nLa enfermedad de Alzheimer es la forma más común de demencia entre las personas mayores. La demencia es un trastorno cerebral que afecta gravemente las habilidades de pensamiento y memoria. Si tiene Alzheimer, puede afectar su capacidad de razonar o aprender nuevas habilidades hasta hacer difícil realizar sus actividades diarias.\nEl Alzheimer comienza lentamente a lo largo de muchos años. Primero afecta las partes del cerebro que controlan el pensamiento, la memoria y el lenguaje. Puede confundirse con cambios normales de la memoria con el envejecimiento. Sin embargo, el Alzheimer no es una parte normal del envejecimiento. Los cambios cerebrales por la enfermedad eventualmente provocan síntomas que empeoran con el tiempo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer?\nLas personas con Alzheimer pueden tener problemas para recordar eventos recientes o los nombres de las personas que conocen. El comportamiento puede variar de una persona a otra y de un día para otro. La enfermedad progresa en etapas. El Alzheimer de inicio tardío ocurre en adultos de 65 años o más, que es cuando la mayoría de las personas desarrollan la afección. El Alzheimer de inicio temprano ocurre antes de los 65 años, lo que no es común.\nAlgunos síntomas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer pueden incluir:\n• Perderse en lugares familiares\n• Repetir la misma pregunta\n• No reconocer a los miembros de la familia\n• Tener problemas para hablar, leer o escribir\n• No cuidarse a si mismo, como no bañarse o comer mal\nCon el tiempo, los síntomas del Alzheimer empeoran. Más adelante, las personas con Alzheimer pueden volverse ansiosas o agresivas o alejarse de casa. Con el tiempo, necesitan cuidados totales. Esto puede causar un gran estrés a los miembros de la familia que deben atenderlos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar la enfermedad de Alzheimer?\nLos investigadores no comprenden completamente qué causa la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La edad es el mayor factor de riesgo. Su riesgo también es mayor si un miembro de la familia ha tenido la enfermedad. Sin embargo, las personas que desarrollan Alzheimer no siempre tienen antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad.\nLos investigadores creen que las causas de la enfermedad de Alzheimer pueden ser una combinación de cambios relacionados con la edad en el cerebro, junto con factores genéticos, de salud y de estilo de vida. Algunas afecciones médicas relacionadas con un mayor riesgo de padecer Alzheimer incluyen:\n• Pérdida de la audición\n• Depresión\n• Deterioro cognitivo leve\n• Conmoción cerebral u otra lesión cerebral traumática\nUn problema relacionado, el deterioro cognitivo leve, causa más problemas de memoria de lo normal en personas de la misma edad. Muchas personas con este deterioro, aunque no todas, desarrollarán Alzheimer.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Alzheimer?\nAlgunos problemas de salud pueden causar pérdida de memoria o síntomas similares al Alzheimer. Hable con su profesional de la salud si tiene cambios notables en su memoria. Para determinar si sus síntomas están relacionados con el Alzheimer y no con el envejecimiento normal u otra afección de salud, su proveedor puede:\n• Revisar su historia clínica y los medicamentos que esté tomando\n• Realizar pruebas para verificar su memoria, pensamiento y habilidades para resolver problemas\n• Preguntarle sobre cambios en el comportamiento o la personalidad\n• Realizar pruebas para descartar cualquier afección médica o de salud mental\n• Derivarlo a un especialista en el cuidado de adultos mayores\n• Recomendar un neurólogo, un especialista en el tratamiento de enfermedades del cerebro y del sistema nervioso\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Alzheimer?\nNingún tratamiento puede detener la enfermedad. Sin embargo, algunos medicamentos pueden ayudar a evitar que los síntomas empeoren durante un tiempo limitado.\n¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad de Alzheimer?\nHay algunos factores de riesgo que no se pueden cambiar, como su edad. Pero modificar ciertos factores de estilo de vida puede promover la salud de su cerebro y ayudarle a vivir un estilo de vida más saludable en general. Esto puede incluir:\n• Controlar problemas de salud crónicos, como presión arterial alta o pérdida auditiva\n• Hacer ejercicio con regularidad\n• Llevar una dieta saludable\n• Dejar de fumar (o no empezar)\n• Dormir bien\n• Establecer conexiones sociales sólidas\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0084","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0195","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0218","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0293","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0207","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"multiple-sclerosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/multiple-sclerosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G35","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A40.Z","display":"Multiple sclerosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1298865187/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1298865187/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Multiple Sclerosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Esclerosis múltiple","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Scleroză multiplă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التصلب المتعدد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Roztroušená skleróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Multiple Sklerose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πολλαπλή σκλήρυνση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sclérose en plaques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मल्टीपल स्क्लेरोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Sclerosis multiplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sclerosi multipla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"多発性硬化症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다발성 경화증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Stwardnienie rozsiane","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Esclerose múltipla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рассеянный склероз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Skleróza multiplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Multipl skleroz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розсіяний склероз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"多发性硬化","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"MS"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Multiple Sclerosis","text":"What is multiple sclerosis?\nMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that affects your brain and spinal cord, also called the central nervous system. MS damages myelin, the protective coating around your nerve cells. Myelin helps nerves send messages quickly. When it's damaged, messages between your brain and body slow down or get blocked. This leads to MS symptoms.\nWhat are the types of multiple sclerosis?\nNot everyone with MS has the same experience. MS is grouped into types based on how the disease changes over time. Types of MS include:\n• Relapsing-remitting MS. The most common type. People have flare-ups of new or worsening symptoms (relapses), followed by periods of recovery with few or no symptoms.\n• Secondary-progressive MS. Some people with relapse-remitting MS later develop this type. Symptoms slowly get worse over time, with fewer or no recovery periods.\n• Primary-progressive MS. Symptoms slowly worsen from the start, without clear relapses or periods of recovery.\n• Clinically isolated syndrome. A single episode of symptoms like MS that last at least 24 hours. It may be an early sign of MS, but not everyone develops MS afterward.\n• Radiologically isolated syndrome. Brain changes that look like MS show up on an MRI, but the person has no symptoms. Some people go on to develop MS symptoms, and some do not.\nWhat causes multiple sclerosis?\nNo one knows the exact cause of MS. Many believe it is an autoimmune disease. This means your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. In MS, the immune system attacks myelin.\nSeveral factors may work together to raise the risk of MS, including:\n• A previous infection with Epstein-Barr virus, which is the most common cause of mononucleosis (mono).\n• Environmental influences, such as smoking, little sun exposure, or low levels of vitamin D.\n• Genetic factors, such as certain genes. These are parts of DNA in your cells that are passed down from your parents. Having certain genes may increase your risk of MS, but not everyone with these genes gets the disease.\n• A family history of MS, meaning having a close relative who has been diagnosed with MS.\n• Your sex, since MS is two to three times more common in women than in men.\n• Your age, since MS most often begins between the ages of 20 and 40.\nWhat are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?\nMS symptoms vary from person to person. Some people have mild symptoms, while others may have more serious problems. Symptoms depend on which nerves are affected. Common symptoms may include:\n• Blurry or double vision, or eye pain (often due to optic neuritis)\n• Trouble with bladder control\n• Muscle weakness\n• Muscle stiffness or spasms\n• Trouble with coordination, walking, or balance\n• Numbness, tingling, or a \"pins and needles\" feeling\n• Thinking or memory problems\n• Fatigue\n• Dizziness or vertigo\n• Mood changes\nHow is multiple sclerosis diagnosed?\nThere is no specific test for MS. Your health care provider may use several tools to make a diagnosis, including:\n• A review of your health history and symptoms\n• A physical exam and neurological exam, which checks your reflexes, strength, and senses\n• An MRI scan to look for damage in the brain and spinal cord\n• Blood tests to rule out other conditions\n• A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to check fluid around your brain and spinal cord for signs of MS\nWhat are the treatments for multiple sclerosis?\nThere is no cure for MS, but treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the disease. Treatments may include:\n• Disease-modifying medicines. These help slow MS and reduce relapses. They may be taken as pills, injections, or infusions.\n• Medicines for symptoms, such as muscle stiffness or pain.\n• Physical and occupational therapy help with movement, strength, and daily activities.\nLiving with MS can affect how you feel emotionally. To help you cope with these changes, try to reduce stress, connect with supportive people, eat healthy foods, and stay as active as you comfortably can.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Esclerosis múltiple","text":"¿Qué es la esclerosis múltiple?\nLa esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad que afecta el cerebro y la médula espinal, también llamados el sistema nervioso central. La esclerosis múltiple daña la mielina, que es la capa protectora alrededor de las células nerviosas. La mielina ayuda a los nervios a enviar mensajes rápidamente. Cuando se daña, los mensajes entre el cerebro y el cuerpo se frenan o quedan bloqueados. Esto ocasiona los síntomas de la esclerosis múltiple.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de esclerosis múltiple?\nNo todas las personas con esclerosis múltiple tienen la misma experiencia. La esclerosis múltiple se clasifica en tipos según cómo evoluciona la enfermedad con el tiempo. Los tipos de esclerosis múltiple incluyen:\n• Esclerosis múltiple recurrente remitente: es el tipo más común. Ocurre cuando las personas presentan brotes de nuevos síntomas o los existentes empeoran, para luego tener períodos de mejoría con pocos síntomas o ninguno\n• Esclerosis múltiple secundaria progresiva: algunas personas con esclerosis múltiple recurrente remitente presentan luego este tipo. Los síntomas empeoran lentamente con el tiempo, con pocos períodos de mejoría o ninguno\n• Esclerosis múltiple primaria progresiva: los síntomas empeoran lentamente desde el inicio, sin recaídas ni fases de mejorías claras\n• Síndrome clínicamente aislado: es un episodio único de síntomas similares a los de la esclerosis múltiple que dura por lo menos 24 horas. Podría ser una señal temprana de esclerosis múltiple. Sin embargo, no todas las personas presentan esclerosis múltiple después\n• Síndrome radiológicamente aislado: se refiere a la detección de cambios en el cerebro a través de imágenes por resonancia magnética, aunque la persona no tenga síntomas. Algunas personas llegan a desarrollar síntomas de esclerosis múltiple mientras que otras no\n¿Cuáles son las causas de la esclerosis múltiple?\nNo se conoce la causa exacta de la esclerosis múltiple. Algunos afirman que es una enfermedad autoinmune. Esto significa que el sistema inmunitario ataca por error las células saludables. En el caso de la esclerosis múltiple, el sistema inmunitario ataca la mielina.\nVarios factores pueden interactuar para aumentar el riesgo de esclerosis múltiple, incluidos:\n• Una infección anterior con el virus Epstein-Barr, que es la causa más común de mononucleosis\n• Elementos ambientales como fumar, tener poca exposición al sol o bajos niveles de vitamina D\n• Factores genéticos, como algunos genes. Esta es la parte del ADN en las células que transmiten los padres. Tener ciertos genes aumenta el riesgo de presentar esclerosis múltiple, pero no todas las personas con esos genes llegan a tener la enfermedad\n• Antecedentes familiares de esclerosis múltiple, como un familiar cercano que haya sido diagnosticado con la enfermedad\n• El sexo, ya que la esclerosis múltiple es entre dos y tres veces más común en mujeres que en hombres\n• La edad, porque la esclerosis múltiple suele comenzar entre los 20 y 40 años\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la esclerosis múltiple?\nLos síntomas de la esclerosis múltiple varían de persona a persona. Algunas pueden tener síntomas leves mientras otras podrían tener problemas más graves. Los síntomas dependen de los nervios afectados y los más comunes incluyen:\n• Visión borrosa, doble o dolor en los ojos (con frecuencia debido a la neuritis óptica)\n• Problemas para el control de la vejiga\n• Debilidad muscular\n• Rigidez muscular o espasmos\n• Problemas de coordinación, al caminar o de equilibrio\n• Adormecimiento, hormigueo o sensación de pinchazos\n• Problemas cognitivos o de memoria\n• Fatiga\n• Mareos o vértigo\n• Cambios de humor\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la esclerosis múltiple?\nNo existe una prueba específica para la esclerosis múltiple. Su proveedor de servicios de salud podría usar varios métodos para el diagnóstico, que incluyen:\n• Una revisión del historial médico y los síntomas\n• Un examen físico y neurológico, que evalúa sus reflejos, fuerza y sentidos\n• Una prueba de imágenes por resonancia magnética para detectar daños en el cerebro y la médula espinal\n• Pruebas de sangre para descartar otras condiciones\n• Una punción lumbar (punción espinal) para revisar el líquido alrededor del cerebro y la médula espinal, en busca de señales de esclerosis múltiple\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la esclerosis múltiple?\nNo existe una cura para la esclerosis múltiple, pero con tratamiento se pueden manejar los síntomas y hacer más lento el avance de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos podrían incluir:\n• Medicamentos modificadores de la enfermedad, que ayudan a ralentizar la esclerosis múltiple y reducir las recaídas. Pueden ser tomados en pastillas, inyecciones o infusiones\n• Medicamentos para los síntomas, como rigidez muscular o dolor\n• Terapia física y ocupacional, que ayuda al movimiento, la fuerza y las actividades diarias\nVivir con esclerosis múltiple puede afectar las emociones. Para ayudar a lidiar con los cambios, se recomienda reducir el estrés, contactar a personas de apoyo, llevar una dieta saludable y mantenerse tan activo como sea posible de manera cómoda.\nAtribución: NIH Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0009","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0060","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0081","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0179","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0180","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0242","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0208","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"epilepsy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/epilepsy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G40","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A6Z","display":"Epilepsy or seizures, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1397288146/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1397288146/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsy","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الصرع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιληψία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Épilepsie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मिर्गी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epilepszia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epilessia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"てんかん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌전증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Padaczka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпилепсия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Epilepsi (sara)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епілепсія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"癫痫","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Epilepsy","text":"Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness.\nEpilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury, and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.\nDoctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Epilepsia","text":"La epilepsia es un trastorno cerebral que hace que las personas tengan convulsiones recurrentes. Las convulsiones ocurren cuando los grupos de células nerviosas (neuronas) del cerebro envían señales erróneas. Las personas pueden tener sensaciones y emociones extrañas o comportarse de una manera rara. Pueden tener espasmos musculares violentos o perder el conocimiento.\nLa epilepsia tiene muchas causas posibles, que incluyen las enfermedades, lesiones cerebrales y el desarrollo cerebral anormal. A pesar de eso, en muchos casos se desconoce la causa.\nLos médicos usan estudios cerebrales y otras pruebas para diagnosticar la epilepsia. Es importante iniciar el tratamiento de inmediato. No existe una cura para la epilepsia, pero en la mayoría de los casos las medicinas pueden controlar las convulsiones. Cuando los medicamentos no funcionan bien, la cirugía o los dispositivos implantados, como los estimuladores vagales, pueden ayudar. Las dietas especiales pueden ayudar a ciertos niños epilépticos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0040","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0055","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0121","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0191","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0202","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0227","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0271","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0300","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0372","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0209","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"migraine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/migraine","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G43","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Migraine","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Migraña","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Migrenă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الصداع النصفي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Migréna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Migräne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ημικρανία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Migraine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"माइग्रेन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Migrén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emicrania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"片頭痛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"편두통","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Migrena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enxaqueca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мигрень","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Migréna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Migren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мігрень","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"偏头痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vascular Headache"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Migraine","text":"What are migraines?\nMigraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound.\nWhat causes migraines?\nResearchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can trigger a migraine. These factors vary from person to person, and they include:\n• Stress\n• Anxiety\n• Hormonal changes in women\n• Bright or flashing lights\n• Loud noises\n• Strong smells\n• Medicines\n• Too much or not enough sleep\n• Sudden changes in weather or environment\n• Overexertion (too much physical activity)\n• Tobacco\n• Caffeine or caffeine withdrawal\n• Skipped meals\n• Medication overuse (taking medicine for migraines too often)\nSome people have found that certain foods or ingredients can trigger headaches, especially when they are combined with other triggers. These foods and ingredients include:\n• Alcohol\n• Chocolate\n• Aged cheeses\n• Monosodium glutamate (MSG)\n• Some fruits and nuts\n• Fermented or pickled goods\n• Yeast\n• Cured or processed meats\nWho is at risk for migraines?\nAbout 12% of Americans get migraines. They can affect anyone, but you are more likely to have them if you:\n• Are a woman. Women are three times more likely than men to get migraines.\n• Have a family history of migraines. Most people with migraines have family members who have migraines.\n• Have other medical conditions, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and epilepsy.\nWhat are the symptoms of migraines?\nThere are four different phases of migraines. You may not always go through every phase each time you have a migraine.:\n• Prodome. This phase starts up to 24 hours before you get the migraine. You have early signs and symptoms, such as food cravings, unexplained mood changes, uncontrollable yawning, fluid retention, and increased urination.\n• Aura. If you have this phase, you might see flashing or bright lights or zig-zag lines. You may have muscle weakness or feel like you are being touched or grabbed. An aura can happen just before or during a migraine.\n• Headache. A migraine usually starts gradually and then becomes more severe. It typically causes throbbing or pulsing pain, which is often on one side of your head. But sometimes you can have a migraine without a headache. Other migraine symptoms may include\n• Increased sensitivity to light, noise, and odors\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Worsened pain when you move, cough, or sneeze\n• Postdrome (following the headache). You may feel exhausted, weak, and confused after a migraine. This can last up to a day.\nMigraines are more common in the morning; people often wake up with them. Some people have migraines at predictable times, such as before menstruation or on weekends following a stressful week of work.\nHow are migraines diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider will:\n• Take your medical history\n• Ask about your symptoms\n• Do a physical and neurological exam\nAn important part of diagnosing migraines is to rule out other medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. So you may also have blood tests, an MRI or CT scan, or other tests.\nHow are migraines treated?\nThere is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks.\nThere are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is.\nThere are also other things you can do to feel better:\n• Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room\n• Placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead\n• Drinking fluids\nThere are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines:\n• Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. Biofeedback uses electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension.\n• Make a log of what seems to trigger your migraines. You can learn what you need to avoid, such as certain foods and medicines. It also help you figure out what you should do, such as establishing a consistent sleep schedule and eating regular meals.\n• Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle\n• If you have obesity, losing weight may also be helpful\nIf you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you.\nCertain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Migraña","text":"¿Qué son las migrañas?\nLas migrañas son un tipo recurrente de dolor de cabeza. Causan dolor de moderado a intenso que puede ser pulsante o vibrante. A menudo, el dolor se siente a un lado de su cabeza. También puede tener otros síntomas, como náuseas y debilidad. Puede ser sensible a la luz y el sonido.\n¿Qué causa las migrañas?\nLos investigadores piensan que las migrañas tienen una causa genética. También hay una serie de factores que pueden desencadenar una migraña. Estos factores varían de persona a persona, e incluyen:\n• Estrés\n• Ansiedad\n• Cambios hormonales en las mujeres\n• Luces brillantes o intermitentes\n• Ruidos fuertes\n• Olores fuertes\n• Medicamentos\n• Demasiada o poca cantidad de sueño\n• Cambios repentinos en el clima o el medio ambiente\n• Sobreesfuerzo (demasiada actividad física)\n• Tabaco\n• Cafeína (consumo o abstinencia)\n• Saltarse comidas\n• Uso excesivo de medicamentos (tomar medicamentos para migrañas con demasiada frecuencia)\nAlgunas personas han descubierto que ciertos alimentos o ingredientes pueden desencadenar dolores de cabeza, especialmente cuando se combinan con otros desencadenantes. Estos alimentos e ingredientes incluyen:\n• Alcohol\n• Chocolate\n• Quesos maduros\n• Glutamato monosódico\n• Algunas frutas y nueces\n• Productos fermentados o encurtidos\n• Levadura\n• Carnes curadas o procesadas\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener migrañas?\nCerca del 12% de los estadounidenses sufren migrañas. Pueden afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más probable que las sufra si:\n• Es mujer: Las mujeres tienen tres veces más probabilidades que los hombres de tener migrañas\n• Tiene historia familiar de migrañas: La mayoría de las personas con migrañas tienen familiares que sufren migrañas\n• Tiene otros problemas médicos: Como depresión, ansiedad, trastorno bipolar, problemas del sueño y epilepsia\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las migrañas?\nLas migrañas tiene cuatro fases diferentes. Es posible que no siempre pase por todas las fases cada vez que tenga una migraña.:\n• Fase prodómica (previa): Esta fase comienza hasta 24 horas antes de que tenga la migraña. Existen signos y síntomas tempranos, como antojos de comida, cambios de humor inexplicables, bostezos incontrolables, retención de líquidos y aumento de la micción\n• Aura: Si tiene esta fase, es posible que vea luces intermitentes o brillantes o líneas zigzagueantes. Puede sentir debilidad muscular o que lo están tocando o agarrando. El aura puede ocurrir justo antes o durante una migraña\n• Fase de dolor de cabeza: En general, una migraña comienza en forma gradual y luego se vuelve más severa. A menudo, causa dolor palpitante o pulsante, usualmente a un lado de la cabeza. Pero, a veces, puede tener una migraña sin dolor de cabeza. Otros síntomas de migraña pueden incluir:\n• Mayor sensibilidad a la luz, el ruido y los olores\n• Náuseas y vómitos\n• Dolor que empeora cuando se mueve, tose o estornuda\n• Fase postdrómica (después del dolor de cabeza): Puede sentirse agotado, débil y confundido después de una migraña. Esto puede durar hasta un día\nLas migrañas son más comunes en la mañana. A menudo, las personas se despiertan con ellas. Hay quienes sufren migrañas en momentos predecibles, como antes de la menstruación o los fines de semana tras una semana estresante de trabajo.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las migrañas?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica:\n• Evaluará su historia clínica\n• Preguntará sobre sus síntomas\n• Hará un examen físico y neurológico\nUna parte importante del diagnóstico de migrañas es descartar otras afecciones médicas que podrían estar causando los síntomas. Por lo tanto, es posible que también le solicite un análisis de sangre, una resonancia magnética o una tomografía computarizada u otras pruebas.\n¿Cómo se tratan las migrañas?\nNo hay cura para las migrañas. El tratamiento se enfoca en aliviar los síntomas y prevenir nuevas crisis.\nExisten diferentes tipos de medicinas para aliviar los síntomas, incluyendo triptanos, ergotamina y analgésicos. Cuanto antes los tome, más efectivo serán.\nTambién existen otras cosas que puede hacer para sentirse mejor:\n• Descansar con los ojos cerrados en una habitación silenciosa y oscura\n• Colocar un paño frío o compresa de hielo en la frente\n• Beber líquidos\nExisten algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que puede hacer para prevenir las migrañas:\n• Las estrategias para controlar el estrés, como el ejercicio, las técnicas de relajación y la biorretroalimentación, pueden reducir la frecuencia y la gravedad de las migrañas. La biorretroalimentación utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para enseñarle a controlar ciertas funciones del cuerpo, como el latido cardíaco, la presión arterial y la tensión muscular\n• Haga un registro de lo que parece desencadenar sus migrañas. Puede averiguar lo que necesita evitar, como ciertos alimentos y medicamentos. También puede ayudar a descubrir qué debe hacer, como establecer un horario de sueño constante y no saltarse comidas\n• La terapia hormonal puede ayudar a algunas mujeres cuyas migrañas parecen estar relacionadas con su ciclo menstrual\n• Si tiene obesidad, perder peso también puede ayudar\nSi tiene migrañas frecuentes o severas, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para prevenir futuras crisis. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué medicamento puede ser el adecuado para usted.\nCiertos tratamientos naturales, como la riboflavina (vitamina B2) y la coenzima Q10, pueden ayudar a prevenir las migrañas. Si su nivel de magnesio es bajo, puede intentar tomar magnesio. También hay una hierba que algunas personas toman para prevenir las migrañas, la petasita. Pero esta no es segura para el uso a largo plazo. Siempre consulte con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar cualquier suplemento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0025","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0115","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0116","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0142","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0146","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0194","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0286","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0047","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Headache\" as a related topic of \"Migraine\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0210","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"transient-ischaemic-attack-mini-stroke","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/transient-ischaemic-attack-mini-stroke","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G45","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8B10.Z","display":"Transient ischaemic attack, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/826335789/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#826335789/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Transient ischaemic attack (mini-stroke)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atac ischemic tranzitoriu (AIT)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النوبة الإقفارية العابرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tranzitorní ischemická ataka (TIA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Transitorische ischämische Attacke (TIA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παροδικό ισχαιμικό επεισόδιο (ΠΙΕ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Accidente isquémico transitorio (AIT)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Accident ischémique transitoire (AIT)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अस्थायी इस्केमिक अटैक (मिनी-स्ट्रोक)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Átmeneti agyi keringészavar (TIA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Attacco ischemico transitorio (TIA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"一過性脳虚血発作（TIA）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"일과성 허혈 발작","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przemijający atak niedokrwienny (TIA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Acidente isquémico transitório (AIT)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Транзиторная ишемическая атака","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tranzitórny ischemický atak (TIA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Geçici iskemik atak (TİA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Транзиторна ішемічна атака","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"短暂性脑缺血发作","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Transient Ischemic Attack","text":"A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a stroke that lasts only a few minutes. It happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly blocked. Symptoms of a TIA are like other stroke symptoms, but do not last as long. They happen suddenly, and include:\n• Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body\n• Confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech\n• Trouble seeing in one or both eyes\n• Difficulty walking\n• Dizziness\n• Loss of balance or coordination\nMost symptoms of a TIA disappear within an hour, although they may last for up to 24 hours. Because you cannot tell if these symptoms are from a TIA or a stroke, you should go to the hospital right away.\nTIAs are often a warning sign for future strokes. Taking medicine, such as blood thinners, may reduce your risk of a stroke. Your doctor might also recommend surgery. You can also help lower your risk by having a healthy lifestyle. This includes not smoking, not drinking too much, eating a healthy diet, and exercising. It is also important to control other health problems, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ataque isquémico transitorio","text":"Un ataque isquémico transitorio es un derrame que dura apenas unos minutos. Esto ocurre cuando el suministro de sangre a una parte del cerebro se detiene brevemente. Los síntomas de este ataque se parecen a los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular o un derrame, pero su duración es menor. Ocurren repentinamente e incluyen:\n• Entumecimiento o debilidad, especialmente en un lado del cuerpo\n• Confusión o dificultades para hablar o entender\n• Dificultad para caminar\n• Mareo\n• Problemas para ver con uno o ambos ojos\n• Pérdida del equilibrio o la coordinación de los movimientos\nLa mayoría de los síntomas de un ataque isquémico transitorio desaparecen dentro de una hora, aunque pueden durar hasta 24 horas. Debido a que no es posible saber si los síntomas se deben a este ataque o un derrame, debe acudir a un hospital de inmediato.\nLos ataques isquémicos transitorios suelen ser una señal de advertencia de futuros derrames. Tomar medicinas, como los anticoagulantes, puede reducir su riesgo de un ataque cerebral. Su médico también podría recomendar una cirugía. También puede ayudar a reducir su riesgo teniendo un estilo de vida saludable. Esto incluye no fumar, no beber demasiado, comer una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio. También es importante controlar otros problemas de salud, como la presión arterial alta y el colesterol.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0211","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"facial-nerve-disorders-including-bell-s-palsy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/facial-nerve-disorders-including-bell-s-palsy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G51","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8B88.Z","display":"Disorders of facial nerve, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1640393055/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1640393055/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Facial nerve disorders (including Bell's palsy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale nervului facial (inclusiv paralizia Bell)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات العصب الوجهي (بما في ذلك شلل بيل)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy lícního nervu (včetně Bellovy obrny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen des Gesichtsnervs (einschließlich Fazialisparese)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του προσωπικού νεύρου (περιλαμβάνεται η παράλυση Bell)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del nervio facial (incluida la parálisis de Bell)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atteintes du nerf facial (dont paralysie de Bell)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चेहरे की तंत्रिका के विकार (बेल्स पाल्सी सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az arcideg betegségei (Bell-bénulással)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del nervo facciale (inclusa la paralisi di Bell)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"顔面神経障害（ベル麻痺を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"안면신경 장애(벨마비 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby nerwu twarzowego (w tym porażenie Bella)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do nervo facial (incluindo paralisia de Bell)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поражения лицевого нерва (включая паралич Белла)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy tvárového nervu (vrátane Bellovej obrny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yüz siniri bozuklukları (Bell felci dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ураження лицевого нерва (включно з паралічем Белла)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"面神经疾病（包括贝尔麻痹）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Facial Injuries and Disorders","text":"Face injuries and disorders can cause pain and affect how you look. In severe cases, they can affect sight, speech, breathing and your ability to swallow. Fractures (broken bones), especially in the bones of your nose, cheekbone and jaw, are common facial injuries.\nCertain diseases also lead to facial disorders. For example, nerve diseases like trigeminal neuralgia or Bell's palsy sometimes cause facial pain, spasms and trouble with eye or facial movement. Birth defects can also affect the face. They can cause underdeveloped or unusually prominent facial features or a lack of facial expression. Cleft lip and palate are a common facial birth defect.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara","text":"Las lesiones y las enfermedades en la cara pueden causar dolor y alterar su aspecto. En casos severos, pueden afectar la vista, el habla, la respiración y la capacidad de tragar. Las fracturas óseas, especialmente de los huesos de la nariz, las mejillas y la mandíbula son lesiones faciales comunes.\nAlgunas enfermedades también conducen a enfermedades en la cara. Por ejemplo, las enfermedades de los nervios, como la neuralgia del trigémino o la parálisis de Bell a veces causan dolor facial, espasmos y problemas con los movimientos del ojo o faciales. Los defectos congénitos también pueden afectar la cara. Pueden causar su mal desarrollo y características raramente prominentes o falta de expresión facial. El labio leporino y el paladar hendido son defectos congénitos faciales comunes.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0212","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"myasthenia-gravis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/myasthenia-gravis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G70","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8C6Z","display":"Unspecified myasthenia gravis or neuromuscular junction disorders","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1425591047/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1425591047/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Myasthenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Miastenie gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الوهن العضلي الوبيل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Myasthenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Myasthenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βαριά μυασθένεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Miastenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Myasthénie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मायस्थेनिया ग्रेविस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Myasthenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Miastenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"重症筋無力症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"중증근무력증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Miastenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Miastenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Миастения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Myasténia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Miyastenia gravis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Міастенія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"重症肌无力","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Myasthenia Gravis","text":"What is myasthenia gravis?\nMyasthenia gravis, sometimes called MG, is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes weakness in your voluntary muscles. The voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. They include the muscles you use for:\n• Eye and eyelid movement\n• Facial expressions\n• Chewing\n• Talking\n• Swallowing\n• Breathing\n• Moving your arms and legs\nYou can also have weakness in other muscles. This weakness gets worse with activity, and better with rest.\nMyasthenia gravis is a type of autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, your immune system attacks the healthy cells of your organs and tissues by mistake.\nWhat causes myasthenia gravis?\nMyasthenia gravis is caused by an error in how nerve signals are sent to muscles. These signals get blocked at the nerve-muscle junction. This junction is the place where the nerve endings connect with the muscles they control.\nNormally, this is how the signals work:\n• The signals travel down a nerve that controls movement in the muscle\n• The nerve endings release a substance called acetylcholine\n• Acetylcholine binds to the muscle tissue at the nerve-muscle junction\n• This causes the muscle to contract (move)\nBut in someone with myasthenia gravis, the body's own immune system makes antibodies that block the binding of acetylcholine to the muscle. This makes the muscles weaker.\nThe thymus gland, which is part of your immune system, may play a role in myasthenia gravis. Normally, your thymus gland is active and growing when you are a child. It makes white blood cells to fight infections. At puberty, it starts getting smaller and is replaced by fat. It is usually small by the time you are an adult. But in many adults with myasthenia gravis, the thymus gland stays large. And some people with myasthenia gravis can get thymomas, which are tumors of the thymus. The are usually benign (not cancer), but they can sometimes become cancerous.\nWho is more likely to develop myasthenia gravis?\nAlthough myasthenia gravis can affect people of any age, it is most common in young adult women (under age 40) and older men (over age 60). It is usually not inherited (passed down in families).\nMyasthenia gravis normally does not affect infants. But if you are pregnant and have myasthenia gravis it's possible to pass the antibodies to your fetus. The baby can then be born with neonatal myasthenia. This condition is usually temporary, and the symptoms typically go away within two to three months after birth.\nWhat are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis?\nThe symptoms of myasthenia gravis will depend on which muscles are affected. The symptoms often include:\n• Weakness of the eye muscles\n• Drooping of one or both eyelids\n• Blurred or double vision\n• Changes in facial expressions\n• Trouble swallowing\n• Shortness of breath\n• Speech problems\n• Weakness in the arms, hands, fingers, legs, and neck\nDifferent people have different levels of muscle weakness. And the weakness can vary from day to day. Some days it might be mild, and other days it might be worse. Physical activity often makes the muscle weakness worse.\nSome people with myasthenia gravis can get severe weakness that affects the muscles that control breathing. This is called a myasthenic crisis, and it is a life-threatening emergency.\nHow is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?\nThere are many other conditions that can cause muscle weakness, so myasthenia gravis can be hard to diagnose. To find out if you have myasthenia gravis, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history and symptoms\n• Will do a physical exam, including a neurological exam\n• Will likely order tests for myasthenia gravis, including:\n• Blood tests\n• Imaging tests\n• Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies\nWhat are the treatments for myasthenia gravis?\nThere is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatments that can improve muscle weakness and help with symptoms. They include:\n• Anticholinesterase medicines, which can improve nerve-to-muscle messages and make muscles stronger.\n• Immunosuppressive medicines, which are medicines that decrease your body's immune system responses. They can lower your body's production of abnormal antibodies.\n• Monoclonal antibodies, which can also help decrease your body's immune system responses.\n• Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) and intravenous immunoglobulin, which are procedures to remove abnormal antibodies from your blood. They are usually used in severe cases. They can help with symptoms for a few weeks or months.\n• Thymectomy, surgery to remove the thymus gland. It can reduce the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, possibly by rebalancing the immune system.\nLifestyle changes may be helpful for some people. The changes could include regular gentle exercise, getting enough rest, and eating healthy foods.\nSome people with myasthenia gravis go into remission. This means that they do not have symptoms. The remission is usually temporary, but sometimes it can be permanent.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Miastenia grave","text":"¿Qué es la miastenia grave?\nLa miastenia grave (también llamada miastenia gravis) es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) que causa debilidad en los músculos voluntarios. Los músculos voluntarios son los que puede controlar. Incluyen los que se utilizan para:\n• Movimiento de ojos y párpados\n• Expresiones de la cara\n• Masticar\n• Hablar\n• Tragar\n• Respirar\n• Mover los brazos y las piernas\nTambién puede tener debilidad en otros músculos. Esta empeora con la actividad y mejora con el reposo.\nLa miastenia grave es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune. En las enfermedades autoinmunes, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células sanas de sus órganos y tejidos.\n¿Qué causa la miastenia grave?\nLa miastenia grave es causada por un error en la forma en que se envían las señales nerviosas a los músculos. Estas señales se bloquean en la unión nervio-músculo, el lugar donde las terminaciones nerviosas se conectan con los músculos que controlan.\nNormalmente, el funcionamiento de las señales consiste en:\n• Las señales viajan por un nervio que controla el movimiento en el músculo\n• Las terminaciones nerviosas liberan una sustancia llamada acetilcolina\n• La acetilcolina se une al tejido muscular en la unión nervio-músculo\n• Esto hace que el músculo se contraiga (se mueva)\nPero en la miastenia grave, el propio sistema inmunitario del cuerpo produce anticuerpos que bloquean la unión de la acetilcolina al músculo, debilitándolos.\nLa glándula timo, que forma parte del sistema inmunitario, puede tener un papel en la miastenia grave. Normalmente, su glándula timo está activa y creciendo cuando es niño. Produce glóbulos blancos para combatir infecciones. En la pubertad, comienza a achicarse y es reemplazada por grasa. Por lo general, es pequeña en la adultez. Pero en muchos adultos con miastenia grave, el timo permanece grande. Y algunas personas con miastenia grave pueden desarrollar timomas o tumores del timo. Usualmente, son benignos (no cancerosos), pero en ocasiones pueden volverse cancerosos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener miastenia grave?\nAunque la miastenia grave puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad, es más común en mujeres adultas jóvenes (menores de 40 años) y hombres mayores (60 años o más). Por lo general, no se hereda (se transmite de padres a hijos).\nNormalmente, la miastenia grave no afecta a los bebés, pero si está embarazada y tiene miastenia grave, es posible traspasar los anticuerpos a su feto. Entonces, el bebé puede nacer con miastenia neonatal. Esta afección suele ser temporal y los síntomas suelen desaparecer entre dos y tres meses después del nacimiento.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la miastenia grave?\nLos síntomas de la miastenia grave dependen de los músculos afectados. Los síntomas suelen incluir:\n• Debilidad de los músculos de los ojos\n• Caída de uno o ambos párpados\n• Visión borrosa o doble\n• Cambios en las expresiones del rostro\n• Dificultad para tragar\n• Problemas para respirar\n• Problemas del habla\n• Debilidad en brazos, manos, dedos, piernas y cuello\nDiferentes personas tienen diferentes niveles de debilidad muscular. Y la debilidad puede variar de un día a otro. Algunos días puede ser leve y otros días puede ser peor. La actividad física a menudo empeora la debilidad muscular.\nAlgunas personas con miastenia grave pueden sufrir debilidad grave que afecta los músculos que controlan la respiración. Esto se llama crisis miasténica y es una emergencia que pone en peligro la vida.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la miastenia grave?\nExisten muchas otras afecciones que pueden causar debilidad muscular, por lo que la miastenia grave puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Para saber si tiene miastenia grave, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas\n• Hará un examen físico, incluyendo un examen neurológico\n• Probablemente solicite pruebas para la miastenia grave, incluyendo:\n• Análisis de sangre\n• Pruebas de imagen\n• Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la miastenia grave?\nNo existe cura para la miastenia grave, pero hay tratamientos disponibles que pueden mejorar la debilidad muscular y ayudar con los síntomas, incluyendo:\n• Medicamentos anticolinesterásicos: Pueden mejorar los mensajes de nervio a músculo y fortalecer los músculos\n• Medicamentos inmunosupresores: Medicamentos que disminuyen las respuestas del sistema inmunitario. Pueden reducir la producción de anticuerpos anormales en el cuerpo\n• Anticuerpos monoclonales: También pueden ayudar a disminuir las respuestas del sistema inmunológico de su cuerpo\n• Plasmaféresis (intercambio de plasma) e inmunoglobulina intravenosa: Procedimientos para eliminar anticuerpos anormales de la sangre. Suelen utilizarse en casos graves. Pueden ayudar con los síntomas durante algunas semanas o meses\n• Timectomía: Cirugía para extirpar la glándula timo. Puede reducir los síntomas de la miastenia grave, posiblemente reequilibrando el sistema inmunitario\nLos cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a algunas personas. Estos pueden incluir ejercicio suave y regular, descansar lo suficiente y consumir alimentos saludables.\nAlgunas personas con miastenia grave entran en remisión. Esto significa que no presentan síntomas. La remisión suele ser temporal, pero a veces puede ser permanente.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0093","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0237","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0369","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0213","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"nerve-muscle-and-muscle-disorders-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/nerve-muscle-and-muscle-disorders-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G73","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8D0Z","display":"Diseases of neuromuscular junction or muscle, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1297080916/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1297080916/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nerve-muscle and muscle disorders in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale joncțiunii neuromusculare și ale mușchilor în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الوصل العصبي العضلي والعضلات في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy nervosvalového spojení a svalu u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Störungen der neuromuskulären Synapse und des Muskels bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές της νευρομυϊκής σύναψης και των μυών σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la unión neuromuscular y del músculo en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atteintes de la jonction neuromusculaire et du muscle au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में तंत्रिका-मांसपेशी और मांसपेशी विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az ideg-izom kapcsolat és az izom zavarai egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi della giunzione neuromuscolare e del muscolo in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患における神経筋接合部・筋の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 신경근 접합부 및 근육 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia złącza nerwowo-mięśniowego i mięśni w innych chorobach","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios da junção neuromuscular e do músculo em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поражения нервно-мышечного синапса и мышц при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy nervovosvalového spojenia a svalu pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda sinir-kas kavşağı ve kas bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ураження нервово-м'язового синапсу та м'язів при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的神经肌肉接头和肌肉疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Neuromuscular Disorders","text":"Neuromuscular disorders affect your neuromuscular system. They can cause problems with:\n• The nerves that control your muscles\n• Your muscles\n• Communication between your nerves and muscles\nThese disorders can cause your muscles to become weak and waste away. You may also have symptoms such as spasms, twitching, and pain.\nExamples of neuromuscular disorders include:\n• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n• Muscular dystrophy\n• Myasthenia gravis\n• Spinal muscular atrophy\nThere can be different causes for these diseases. Many of them are genetic.This means they are inherited (run in families) or are caused by a new mutation in your genes. Some neuromuscular disorders are autoimmune diseases. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\nMany neuromuscular diseases have no cure. But treatments may improve symptoms, increase mobility, and lengthen life.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades neuromusculares","text":"Las enfermedades neuromusculares afectan su sistema neuromuscular. Estas pueden causar problemas en:\n• Los nervios que controlan sus músculos\n• Sus músculos\n• La comunicación entre sus nervios y sus músculos\nEstas enfermedades pueden causar debilidad y atrofia en sus músculos. También puede tener otros síntomas, como espasmos, contracciones y dolor muscular.\nAlgunos ejemplos de trastornos neuromusculares incluyen:\n• Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica\n• Distrofia muscular\n• Miastenia grave\n• Atrofia muscular espinal\nEstas enfermedades pueden tener diferentes causas. Muchas son genéticas, lo que significa que son hereditarias (se presentan en familias, o son causadas por mutaciones en los genes. Algunas son enfermedades autoinmunes. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa.\nMuchas de las enfermedades neuromusculares no tienen cura. Pero los tratamientos pueden mejorar los síntomas, aumentar la movilidad y el lapso de vida.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0214","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cerebral-palsy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cerebral-palsy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G80","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cerebral Palsy","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Parálisis cerebral","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Paralizie cerebrală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشلل الدماغي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dětská mozková obrna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Infantile Zerebralparese","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εγκεφαλική παράλυση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Paralysie cérébrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेरेब्रल पाल्सी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Agyi bénulás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Paralisi cerebrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脳性麻痺","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌성마비","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mózgowe porażenie dziecięce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paralisia cerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Детский церебральный паралич","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Detská mozgová obrna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Serebral palsi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дитячий церебральний параліч","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑性瘫痪","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"CP"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cerebral Palsy","text":"What is cerebral palsy (CP)?\nCerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neurologic disorders that cause problems with movement, balance, and posture. The first part of the name, cerebral, means having to do with the brain. The second part, palsy, means weakness or problems with using the muscles.\nCP can range from mild to severe. The brain damage and the disabilities it causes are permanent. But treatments can improve the lives of people who have the condition. For example, treatments can help to improve their motor skills and ability to communicate.\nWhat are the types of cerebral palsy (CP)?\nThere are different types of CP:\n• Spastic cerebral palsy, which is the most common type. It causes increased muscle tone, stiff muscles, and awkward movements. Sometimes it only affects one part of the body. In other cases, it can affect both arms and legs, the trunk, and the face.\n• Dyskinetic cerebral palsy, which causes problems controlling the movement of the hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can make it hard to sit and walk.\n• Ataxic cerebral palsy, which causes problems with balance and coordination.\n• Mixed cerebral palsy, which means that you have symptoms of more than one type.\nWhat causes cerebral palsy (CP)?\nCP is caused by abnormal development or damage to the developing brain. When this development or damage happens before birth, it is called congenital CP. Most CP is congenital, and its causes may include:\n• Gene changes (variants)\n• Brain malformations\n• Infections or fevers in the pregnant parent\n• An injury to the developing baby\nCP can also happen during or after birth. CP that happens more than 28 days after birth is called acquired CP. Its causes can include:\n• Brain damage in the first few months or years of life\n• Infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis\n• Problems with blood flow to the brain, for example from a stroke or abnormal blood vessels\n• Head injuries, for example from a car accident, a fall, or child abuse\nIn some cases, the cause of congenital or acquired CP is unknown.\nWho is more likely to develop cerebral palsy (CP)?\nCertain medical conditions or events that can happen during pregnancy and delivery may increase a baby's risk of congenital cerebral palsy. These may include:\n• Being born too small\n• Being born too early\n• Being born a twin or other multiple birth\n• Being conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other assisted reproductive technology (ART)\n• Infections\n• Health problems in the pregnant parent, such as thyroid problems and seizures\n• Severe newborn jaundice\n• Having complications during birth\n• Rh incompatibility\n• Exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy\nWhat are the signs of cerebral palsy (CP)?\nThere are many different types and levels of disability with CP. So the signs can be different in each child. These signs usually appear in the early months of life. They may include:\n• Developmental delays. Your child may be slow to reach developmental milestones such as learning to roll over, sit, crawl, or walk.\n• Abnormal muscle tone. Your child may seem floppy, or they may be stiff or rigid.\n• An unusual posture or favoring one side of the body when reaching, crawling, or moving.\n• Stiff or tight muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity).\n• Shaking (tremor) of arms, legs, hands, or feet.\n• Sudden, uncontrolled movements.\nIt's important to know that children without CP can also have these signs. Contact your child's health care provider if your child has any of these signs, so you can get a correct diagnosis.\nHow is cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosed?\nDiagnosing CP involves several steps:\n• Developmental monitoring (or surveillance) means tracking a child's growth and development over time. If there are any concerns about your child's development, they should have a developmental screening test as soon as possible.\n• Developmental screening involves giving your child a short test to check for motor, movement, or other developmental delays. If the screenings are not normal, the provider will recommend more evaluations.\n• Developmental and medical evaluations are done to diagnose which disorder your child has. To make the diagnosis, your provider:\n• Will check your child's motor skills, muscle tone, reflexes, and posture\n• Will ask about their medical history\n• May order lab tests, genetic tests, and/or imaging tests\nWhat are the treatments for cerebral palsy (CP)?\nThere is no cure for CP, but treatment can improve the lives of those who have it. It is important to begin a treatment program as early as possible.\nA team of health professionals will work with you and your child to develop a treatment plan. Common treatments include:\n• Medicines\n• Surgery\n• Assistive devices such as braces and walkers\n• Physical, occupational, recreational, and speech therapy\nCan cerebral palsy (CP) be prevented?\nYou cannot prevent the genetic problems that can cause CP. But it may be possible to manage or avoid some of the risk factors for CP. For example:\n• If you are pregnant, make sure that you are vaccinated against infections that could cause CP in your developing baby.\n• Get regular prenatal care, which can reduce the risk of preterm birth or having a low birthweight baby. It can also help you manage any health conditions that could raise the risk of CP.\n• Use car seats for your baby to prevent head injuries that could cause CP.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parálisis cerebral","text":"¿Qué es la parálisis cerebral?\nLa parálisis cerebral (PC) es un grupo de trastornos neurológicos que causan problemas del movimiento, el equilibrio y la postura. La primera parte del nombre de esta afección, parálisis, significa debilidad o problemas para usar los músculos; mientras que la segunda, cerebral, significa que tiene que ver con el cerebro.\nLa parálisis cerebral puede variar de leve a grave. El daño cerebral y las discapacidades que provoca son permanentes. Sin embargo, los tratamientos pueden mejorar la vida de las personas que padecen esta afección. Por ejemplo, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mejorar sus habilidades motoras y su capacidad de comunicarse.\n¿Qué tipos de parálisis cerebral existen?\nExisten diferentes tipos de parálisis cerebral:\n• Parálisis cerebral espástica: Es el tipo más común. Provoca un aumento del tono muscular, rigidez de los músculos y dificultad con los movimientos. A veces, solo afecta a una parte del cuerpo. En otros casos, puede afectar tanto a los brazos como a las piernas, el tronco y la cara\n• Parálisis cerebral discinética: Causa problemas para controlar el movimiento de manos, brazos, pies y piernas. Esto puede dificultar estar sentado y caminar\n• Parálisis cerebral atáxica: Causa problemas de equilibrio y coordinación\n• Parálisis cerebral mixta: Significa que tiene síntomas de más de un tipo\n¿Qué causa la parálisis cerebral?\nLa causa de la parálisis cerebral es un desarrollo anormal o daño al cerebro en desarrollo. Cuando este desarrollo o daño ocurre antes del nacimiento, se conoce como parálisis cerebral congénita. La mayoría de los casos de parálisis cerebral son congénitos y sus causas pueden incluir:\n• Cambios genéticos (variantes)\n• Malformaciones cerebrales\n• Infecciones o fiebre en la madre embarazada\n• Una lesión en el bebé en desarrollo\nLa parálisis cerebral también puede ocurrir durante o después del nacimiento. La parálisis cerebral que ocurre más de 28 días después del nacimiento se conoce como parálisis cerebral adquirida. Sus causas pueden incluir:\n• Daño cerebral en los primeros meses o años de vida\n• Infecciones como meningitis o encefalitis\n• Problemas con el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro, por ejemplo, debido a un accidente cerebrovascular o vasos sanguíneos anormales\n• Lesiones en la cabeza, por ejemplo, debido a un accidente automovilístico, una caídas o maltrato infantil\nEn algunos casos, se desconoce la causa de la parálisis cerebral congénita o adquirida.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener parálisis cerebral?\nCiertas afecciones o eventos médicos que pueden ocurrir durante el embarazo y el parto que pueden aumentar el riesgo de parálisis cerebral congénita. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Nacer demasiado pequeño\n• Nacer demasiado temprano\n• Ser gemelo u otro tipo de nacimiento múltiple\n• Ser concebido mediante fertilización in vitro u otra tecnología de reproducción asistida\n• Una Infecciones en la persona embarazada\n• Problemas de salud en la persona embarazada, como de problemas de la tiroides o convulsiones\n• Ictericia severa en el recién nacido\n• Tener complicaciones durante el parto\n• Incompatibilidad Rh\n• Exposición a químicos tóxicos durante el embarazo\n¿Cuáles son los signos de la parálisis cerebral?\nHay muchos tipos y niveles diferentes de discapacidad por parálisis cerebral, por lo que los signos pueden ser diferentes en cada niño. Estos signos suelen aparecer en los primeros meses de vida. Pueden incluir:\n• Retrasos en el desarrollo: Su hijo puede tardar en alcanzar hitos del desarrollo, como aprender a darse vuelta, sentarse, gatear o caminar\n• Tono muscular anormal: Su hijo puede parecer flácido o puede estar rígido\n• Postura inusual o favorecer un lado del cuerpo al alcanzar objetos, gatear o moverse\n• Músculos rígidos o tensos y reflejos exagerados (espasticidad)\n• Temblores en brazos, piernas, manos o pies\n• Movimientos repentinos y sin control\nEs importante saber que los niños sin parálisis cerebral también pueden tener estos signos. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo para saber si tiene alguno de estos signos y obtener un diagnóstico correcto.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la parálisis cerebral?\nEl diagnóstico de la parálisis cerebral implica varios pasos:\n• Monitoreo (o vigilancia) del desarrollo significa observar el crecimiento y desarrollo de un niño a lo largo del tiempo. Si hay alguna inquietud sobre el desarrollo de su hijo, debe someterse a una prueba del desarrollo lo antes posible\n• Prueba del desarrollo implica darle a su hijo un examen corto para detectar si tiene retrasos motores, de movimiento u otros retrasos del desarrollo. Si las pruebas de detección no son normales, el profesional de la salud recomendará más evaluaciones\n• Evaluaciones médicas y del desarrollo se usan para diagnosticar el trastorno de su hijo. Para hacer el diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud:\n• Verificará las habilidades motoras, el tono muscular, los reflejos y la postura de su hijo\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, pruebas genéticas y / o pruebas por imágenes\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la parálisis cerebral?\nNo existe una cura para la parálisis cerebral, pero el tratamiento puede mejorar la vida de quienes la padecen. Es importante comenzar un programa de tratamiento lo antes posible.\nUn equipo de profesionales de la salud trabajará con usted y su hijo para desarrollar un plan de tratamiento. Los tratamientos comunes incluyen:\n• Medicamentos\n• Cirugía\n• Aparatos para movilidad asistida como aparatos ortopédicos y andadores\n• Terapia física, ocupacional, recreativa y del habla\n¿Se puede prevenir la parálisis cerebral?\nNo se pueden prevenir los problemas genéticos que pueden causar parálisis cerebral, pero puede ser posible controlar o evitar algunos de sus factores de riesgo. Por ejemplo:\n• Si está embarazada, asegúrese de vacunarse contra infecciones que podrían causar parálisis cerebral en su bebé en desarrollo\n• Reciba atención prenatal regular, que puede reducir el riesgo de parto prematuro o de tener un bebé con bajo peso al nacer. También puede ayudarla a controlar cualquier problema de salud que pueda aumentar el riesgo de parálisis cerebral\n• Usar asientos de seguridad para bebés y niños pequeños para prevenir lesiones en la cabeza que podrían causar parálisis cerebral, una posible causa de parálisis cerebral","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0215","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hemiplegia-paralysis-of-one-side","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hemiplegia-paralysis-of-one-side","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G81","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB53.Z","display":"Hemiplegia, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1641958762/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1641958762/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hemiplegie (paralizia unei jumătăți a corpului)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشلل النصفي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hemiplegie (ochrnutí poloviny těla)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Halbseitenlähmung (Hemiplegie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ημιπληγία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hemiplejía","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hémiplégie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अर्धांगघात (शरीर के एक तरफ लकवा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Féloldali bénulás (hemiplégia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emiplegia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"片麻痺","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"편마비","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Porażenie połowicze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hemiplegia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гемиплегия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hemiplégia (ochrnutie polovice tela)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hemipleji (vücudun bir yarısında felç)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Геміплегія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"偏瘫","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Paralysis","text":"Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia.\nMost paralysis is due to strokes or injuries such as spinal cord injury or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include:\n• Nerve diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n• Autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome\n• Bell's palsy, which affects muscles in the face\nPolio used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parálisis","text":"La parálisis es la pérdida de las funciones musculares en parte de su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando algo funciona mal en la transmisión de los mensajes entre el cerebro y los músculos. Las parálisis pueden ser totales o parciales. Puede ocurrir en uno o en ambos lados del cuerpo. También puede ocurrir sólo en un lugar o diseminarse. La parálisis de la mitad inferior del cuerpo, que afecta a ambas piernas, se denomina paraplejia. La parálisis que afecta los brazos y las piernas es una cuadriplegia.\nLa mayoría de las parálisis se deben a derrames o lesiones, como las lesiones de la médula espinal o una fractura en el cuello. Otras causas de parálisis incluyen:\n• Enfermedades nerviosas, tales como la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré\n• Parálisis de Bell, que afecta los músculos de la cara\nLa polio (poliomielitis) solía ser una causa de parálisis, pero ya no hay casos de esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0216","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"paralytic-symptoms-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/paralytic-symptoms-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G82","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Paraplegie și tetraplegie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشلل السفلي والشلل الرباعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Paraplegie a tetraplegie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Querschnittslähmung (Paraplegie und Tetraplegie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παραπληγία και τετραπληγία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paraplejía y tetraplejía","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Paraplégie et tétraplégie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैराप्लेजिया और टेट्राप्लेजिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Paraplégia és tetraplégia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Paraplegia e tetraplegia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"対麻痺および四肢麻痺","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"하반신마비 및 사지마비","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Paraplegia i tetraplegia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paraplegia e tetraplegia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Параплегия и тетраплегия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Paraplégia a tetraplégia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Parapleji ve tetrapleji","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Параплегія та тетраплегія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"截瘫和四肢瘫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Paraplegia and tetraplegia","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Paralysis","text":"Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia.\nMost paralysis is due to strokes or injuries such as spinal cord injury or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include:\n• Nerve diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n• Autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome\n• Bell's palsy, which affects muscles in the face\nPolio used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parálisis","text":"La parálisis es la pérdida de las funciones musculares en parte de su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando algo funciona mal en la transmisión de los mensajes entre el cerebro y los músculos. Las parálisis pueden ser totales o parciales. Puede ocurrir en uno o en ambos lados del cuerpo. También puede ocurrir sólo en un lugar o diseminarse. La parálisis de la mitad inferior del cuerpo, que afecta a ambas piernas, se denomina paraplejia. La parálisis que afecta los brazos y las piernas es una cuadriplegia.\nLa mayoría de las parálisis se deben a derrames o lesiones, como las lesiones de la médula espinal o una fractura en el cuello. Otras causas de parálisis incluyen:\n• Enfermedades nerviosas, tales como la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré\n• Parálisis de Bell, que afecta los músculos de la cara\nLa polio (poliomielitis) solía ser una causa de parálisis, pero ya no hay casos de esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0217","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-paralysis-syndromes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-paralysis-syndromes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G83","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB5Z","display":"Paralytic symptoms, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1882771459/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1882771459/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other paralysis syndromes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte sindroame paralitice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمات شلل أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné paralytické syndromy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Lähmungssyndrome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλα παραλυτικά σύνδρομα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros síndromes paralíticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres syndromes paralytiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य लकवा सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb bénulásos szindrómák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre sindromi paralitiche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の麻痺症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 마비 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zespoły porażenne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras síndromes paralíticas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие паралитические синдромы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné paralytické syndrómy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer felç sendromları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші паралітичні синдроми","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他瘫痪综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Paralysis","text":"Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia.\nMost paralysis is due to strokes or injuries such as spinal cord injury or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include:\n• Nerve diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n• Autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome\n• Bell's palsy, which affects muscles in the face\nPolio used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parálisis","text":"La parálisis es la pérdida de las funciones musculares en parte de su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando algo funciona mal en la transmisión de los mensajes entre el cerebro y los músculos. Las parálisis pueden ser totales o parciales. Puede ocurrir en uno o en ambos lados del cuerpo. También puede ocurrir sólo en un lugar o diseminarse. La parálisis de la mitad inferior del cuerpo, que afecta a ambas piernas, se denomina paraplejia. La parálisis que afecta los brazos y las piernas es una cuadriplegia.\nLa mayoría de las parálisis se deben a derrames o lesiones, como las lesiones de la médula espinal o una fractura en el cuello. Otras causas de parálisis incluyen:\n• Enfermedades nerviosas, tales como la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré\n• Parálisis de Bell, que afecta los músculos de la cara\nLa polio (poliomielitis) solía ser una causa de parálisis, pero ya no hay casos de esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0218","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"autonomic-nervous-system-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/autonomic-nervous-system-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G90","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8D8Z","display":"Disorders of autonomic nervous system, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1397803237/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1397803237/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Autonomic nervous system disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale sistemului nervos autonom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الجهاز العصبي الذاتي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy autonomního nervového systému","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen des autonomen Nervensystems","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του αυτόνομου νευρικού συστήματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles du système nerveux autonome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्वायत्त तंत्रिका तंत्र के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A vegetatív idegrendszer zavarai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del sistema nervoso autonomo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"自律神経系の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자율신경계 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia autonomicznego układu nerwowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do sistema nervoso autónomo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расстройства вегетативной нервной системы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy autonómneho nervového systému","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Otonom sinir sistemi bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розлади вегетативної нервової системи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"自主神经系统疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Autonomic Nervous System Disorders","text":"Your autonomic nervous system is the part of your nervous system that controls involuntary actions, such as the beating of your heart and the widening or narrowing of your blood vessels. When something goes wrong in this system, it can cause serious problems, including:\n• Blood pressure problems\n• Heart problems\n• Trouble with breathing and swallowing\n• Erectile dysfunction in men\nAutonomic nervous system disorders can occur alone or as the result of another disease, such as Parkinson's disease, alcoholism and diabetes. Problems can affect either part of the system, as in complex regional pain syndromes, or all of the system. Some types are temporary, but many worsen over time. When they affect your breathing or heart function, these disorders can be life-threatening.\nSome autonomic nervous system disorders get better when an underlying disease is treated. Often, however, there is no cure. In that case, the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo","text":"El sistema nervioso autónomo es la parte de su sistema nervioso que controla las acciones involuntarias, tales como los latidos cardíacos y el ensanchamiento o estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos. Cuando algo malo ocurre en este sistema, puede causar problemas serios, entre ellos:\n• Problemas con la presión arterial\n• Problemas cardíacos\n• Dificultad en la respiración y la deglución\n• Disfunción eréctil en los hombres\nLos trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo pueden presentarse aislados o como resultado de otras enfermedades, tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson, el alcoholismo y la diabetes. Los problemas pueden afectar parte del sistema, como en los síndromes de dolor regional complejo, o en todo el sistema. Algunos tipos son transitorios, pero muchos empeoran con el transcurso del tiempo. Cuando afectan la respiración o la función cardiaca, estos trastornos pueden ser riesgosos para la vida.\nAlgunos trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo pueden mejorar cuando se trata la enfermedad subyacente. Sin embargo, con frecuencia no hay una cura. En esos casos, la meta del tratamiento es mejorar los síntomas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0219","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hydrocephalus-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hydrocephalus-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G91","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hidrocefalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"استسقاء الرأس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hydrocefalus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hydrozephalus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υδροκέφαλος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hidrocefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hydrocéphalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हाइड्रोसेफलस (मस्तिष्क में पानी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vízfejűség (hydrocephalus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Idrocefalo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"水頭症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"수두증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wodogłowie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hidrocefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гидроцефалия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hydrocefalus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hidrosefali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гідроцефалія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑积水","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hydrocephalus","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hydrocephalus","text":"Hydrocephalus is the buildup of too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Normally, this fluid cushions your brain. When you have too much, though, it puts harmful pressure on your brain.\nHydrocephalus can be congenital, or present at birth. Causes include genetic problems and problems with how the fetus develops. An unusually large head is the main sign of congenital hydrocephalus.\nHydrocephalus can also happen after birth. This is called acquired hydrocephalus. It can occur at any age. Causes can include head injuries, strokes, infections, tumors, and bleeding in the brain. Symptoms include:\n• Headache\n• Vomiting and nausea\n• Blurry vision\n• Balance problems\n• Bladder control problems\n• Thinking and memory problems\nHydrocephalus can permanently damage the brain, causing problems with physical and mental development. If untreated, it is usually fatal. With treatment, many people lead normal lives with few limitations. Treatment usually involves surgery to insert a shunt. A shunt is a flexible but sturdy plastic tube. The shunt moves the cerebrospinal fluid to another area of the body where it can be absorbed. Medicine and rehabilitation therapy can also help.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hidrocefalia","text":"La hidrocefalia es la acumulación de una cantidad excesiva de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el cerebro. Normalmente, este fluido protege y amortigua el cerebro. Sin embargo, demasiado líquido ejerce una presión dañina para el cerebro.\nLa hidrocefalia puede ser congénita, que se presenta al nacer. Sus causas incluyen problemas genéticos y problemas que se desarrollan en el feto durante el embarazo. El principal signo de la hidrocefalia congénita es una cabeza con un tamaño fuera de lo normal.\nLa hidrocefalia también puede presentarse después de nacer. Esto se llama hidrocefalia adquirida. Puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Las causas pueden incluir traumatismos en la cabeza, derrames cerebrales, infecciones, tumores y hemorragia cerebral.\nLos síntomas de la hidrocefalia pueden incluir:\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Vómitos y náusea\n• Visión borrosa\n• Problemas de equilibrio\n• Problemas para controlar la vejiga\n• Problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria\nLa hidrocefalia puede causar daños permanentes en el cerebro y provocar problemas con el desarrollo físico y mental. Cuando no se trata, suele ser mortal. Con tratamiento, muchas personas llevan una vida normal, con ciertas limitaciones. El tratamiento suele incluir una cirugía para implantar una derivación. Una derivación es un tubo flexible pero robusto. Este desvía el flujo del líquido cefalorraquídeo a otra zona del cuerpo donde pueda ser absorbido. Las medicinas y la rehabilitación también pueden ayudar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0220","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-spinal-cord-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-spinal-cord-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"G95","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8B4Z","display":"Spinal cord disorders excluding trauma, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2021326314/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2021326314/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other spinal cord diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale măduvei spinării","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في الحبل الشوكي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci míchy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Rückenmarks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις του νωτιαίου μυελού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades de la médula espinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies de la moelle épinière","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रीढ़ की हड्डी के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A gerincvelő egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie del midollo spinale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の脊髄疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 척수 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby rdzenia kręgowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças da medula espinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни спинного мозга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby miechy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer omurilik hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби спинного мозку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他脊髓疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Spinal Cord Diseases","text":"Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. It is protected by your vertebrae, which are the bone disks that make up your spine. If you have an accident that damages the vertebrae or other parts of the spine, this can also injure the spinal cord. Other spinal cord problems include:\n• Tumors\n• Infections such as meningitis and polio\n• Inflammatory diseases\n• Autoimmune diseases\n• Degenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy\nSymptoms vary but might include pain, numbness, loss of sensation and muscle weakness. These symptoms can occur around the spinal cord, and also in other areas such as your arms and legs. Treatments often include medicines and surgery.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la médula espinal","text":"La médula espinal es la parte del sistema nervioso que transmite mensajes desde y hasta el cerebro. Se encuentra dentro de las vértebras, que son los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. Normalmente, las vértebras protegen la médula espinal. Cuando eso no ocurre, puede ocurrir una lesión de la médula espinal. Además de las lesiones, en la médula espinal pueden aparecer:\n• Tumores\n• Infecciones como la meningitis y poliomielitis\n• Enfermedades inflamatorias\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes\n• Enfermedades degenerativas, tales como la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica y atrofia muscular espinal\nLos síntomas varían pero pueden incluir dolor, entumecimiento, pérdida de la sensación y debilidad muscular. Estos síntomas pueden ocurrir alrededor de la médula espinal y también en otras áreas, como en los brazos y las piernas. Los tratamientos varían, pero con frecuencia incluyen medicinas y cirugía.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0221","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"stye-and-chalazion","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/stye-and-chalazion","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H00","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9A0Z","display":"Disorders of eyelid or peri-ocular area, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/73229602/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#73229602/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Stye and chalazion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Urcior și șalazion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشعيرة والبردة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ječné zrno a chalazion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gerstenkorn und Hagelkorn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κριθαράκι και χαλάζιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Orzuelo y chalazión","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Orgelet et chalazion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुहेरी और कलेज़ियन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Árpa és jégárpa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Orzaiolo e calazio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"麦粒腫と霰粒腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다래끼와 콩다래끼","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Jęczmień i gradówka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Terçol e calázio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ячмень и халазион","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Jačmeň a chalazión","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Arpacık ve şalazyon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ячмінь і халазіон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"睑腺炎和睑板腺囊肿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eyelid Disorders","text":"What are eyelid disorders?\nEyelid disorders include a variety of conditions that affect your eyelids. Your eyelids protect your eyes and help keep them healthy. When you blink, they spread tears across your eyes and help wash away dirt or dust. You also close your eyelids when something comes near your eyes to protect them from injury.\nLike other parts of your body, your eyelids can get infected, become swollen, or develop growths or eye cancer.\nWhat causes eyelid disorders?\nThe cause depends on the type of disorder. Some eyelid disorders may run in families, while others happen for unknown reasons.\nWhat are common eyelid disorders?\nThere are many kinds of eyelid problems. They can cause swelling, infection, irritation, or change how your eyelids look or move. Some may cause lumps or growths on or around the eyelids.\nEyelid disorders that cause swelling, redness, or infection include:\n• Stye (hordeolum). A small, red, painful bump caused by a bacterial infection in an oil gland. A chalazion is a painless lump that may form after a stye.\n• Blepharitis. Makes your eyelids red, itchy, or burning and can cause crusty eyelashes. It's often linked to bacteria or skin conditions like rosacea.\n• Periorbital cellulitis. A bacterial infection of the eyelid and nearby skin. If it spreads behind the eye (orbital cellulitis), it needs immediate medical care.\nEyelid disorders that affect eyelid position or movement include:\n• Ectropion (eyelids turn out). The inner eyelid is exposed, which can cause irritation or tearing.\n• Entropion (eyelids turn in). The eyelashes rub against the eye, causing discomfort or damage.\n• Ptosis (drooping eyelid). Often caused by weak muscles, aging, or nerve damage.\nEyelid growths include:\n• Xanthelasma. Yellowish patches of cholesterol near the inner corners of the eyelids.\n• Papilloma. A benign (noncancerous), wart-like skin growth.\n• Basal cell carcinoma. The most common eyelid cancer, often on the lower eyelid.\n• Squamous cell carcinoma. A less common but faster-growing skin cancer.\n• Sebaceous gland carcinoma. A rare but serious cancer of the eyelid's oil glands.\nEyelid disorders that affect blinking or eyelid movement include:\n• Blepharospasm. Eyelid blinking or twitching you can't control.\n• Myokymia. A minor, occasional eyelid twitch often caused by fatigue or stress.\nWhat are the symptoms of eyelid disorders?\nSymptoms can vary depending on the condition but may include:\n• Feeling like something is in your eye\n• Burning or stinging\n• Watery or itchy eyes\n• Red, swollen eyelids\n• Blurry vision\nHow are eyelid disorders diagnosed?\nYour eye care specialist may diagnose eyelid disorders during an eye exam. They may also ask about your medical and family history to help find the cause.\nHow are eyelid disorders treated?\nTreatment depends on the cause of the disorder. Some eyelid conditions get better on their own or may be related to another health condition. Keeping your eyelids clean can help prevent irritation and infection.\nIf you need treatment, it may include:\n• Warm compresses\n• Medicines or ointments\n• Eye drops\n• Surgery (less common)\n• Lifestyle changes, such as getting more sleep or cutting back on caffeine","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los párpados","text":"¿Qué son las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLas enfermedades de los párpados incluyen diversas afecciones que afectan los párpados. Los párpados protegen los ojos y ayudan a mantenerlos sanos. Al parpadear, las lágrimas se extienden por los ojos y ayudan a eliminar la suciedad o el polvo. También cerramos los párpados cuando algo se acerca a los ojos para protegerlos de lesiones.\nAl igual que otras partes del cuerpo, los párpados pueden infectarse, inflamarse o desarrollar tumores o cáncer de ojo.\n¿Qué causa las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLa causa depende del tipo de enfermedad. Algunas enfermedades de los párpados pueden ser hereditarias, mientras que otras ocurren por razones desconocidas.\n¿Cuáles son las enfermedades más comunes de los párpados?\nExisten muchos tipos de problemas en los párpados. Pueden causar hinchazón, infección, irritación o alterar su aspecto o movimiento. Algunos pueden causar bultos o crecimientos en los párpados o alrededor de ellos.\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que causan hinchazón, enrojecimiento o infección incluyen:\n• Orzuelo (hordeolum). Una pequeña protuberancia roja y dolorosa causada por una infección bacteriana en una glándula sebácea. Un chalazión es un bulto indoloro que puede formarse después de un orzuelo\n• Blefaritis. Provoca enrojecimiento, picazón o ardor en los párpados, y puede causar la formación de costras en las pestañas. Suele estar relacionada con bacterias o afecciones cutáneas como la rosácea\n• Celulitis periorbitaria. Una infección bacteriana del párpado y la piel circundante. Si se extiende detrás del ojo (celulitis orbitaria), requiere atención médica inmediata\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que afectan la posición o el movimiento del párpado incluyen:\n• Ectropión (párpados volteados hacia afuera). La parte interna del párpado queda expuesta, lo que puede causar irritación o lagrimeo\n• Entropión (párpados volteados hacia adentro). Las pestañas rozan contra el ojo, causando molestias o daño\n• Ptosis (párpado caído). Suele deberse a debilidad muscular, envejecimiento o daño nervioso.\nLos crecimientos de los párpados incluyen:\n• Xantelasma.. Manchas amarillentas de colesterol cerca de las esquinas internas de los párpados\n• Papiloma. Un crecimiento benigno (no canceroso) de la piel, similar a una verruga\n• Carcinoma basocelular. El cáncer de párpado más común, a menudo en el párpado inferior\n• Carcinoma espinocelular. Un cáncer de piel menos común, pero de crecimiento más rápido\n• Carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas. Un cáncer poco común, pero grave, de las glándulas sebáceas del párpado\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que afectan el parpadeo o el movimiento de los párpados incluyen:\n• Blefaroespasmo. Parpadeo o espasmos del párpado incontrolables\n• Mioquimia. Espasmo del párpado leve y ocasional, a menudo causado por fatiga o estrés\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLos síntomas pueden variar según la afección, pero pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de tener algo en el ojo\n• Ardor o escozor\n• Ojos llorosos o con picazón\n• Párpados rojos e hinchados\n• Visión borrosa\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de los párpados?\nSu especialista en el cuidado de los ojos puede diagnosticar trastornos de los párpados durante un examen de la vista. También pueden preguntarle sobre su historia médica y familiar para ayudar a encontrar la causa.\n¿Cómo se tratan las enfermedades de los párpados?\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa de la enfermedad. Algunas afecciones de los párpados mejoran por sí solas o pueden estar relacionadas con otra afección. Mantener los párpados limpios puede ayudar a prevenir la irritación y la infección.\nSi necesita tratamiento, este puede incluir:\n• Compresas tibias\n• Medicamentos o ungüentos\n• Gotas para los ojos\n• Cirugía (menos común)\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como dormir más o reducir la cafeína","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0222","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"inflammation-of-the-eyelid-blepharitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/inflammation-of-the-eyelid-blepharitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H01","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Inflammation of the eyelid (blepharitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Inflamație a pleoapei (blefarită)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجفن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět očních víček (blefaritida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lidentzündung (Blepharitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φλεγμονή του βλεφάρου (βλεφαρίτιδα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Inflamación del párpado (blefaritis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Inflammation de la paupière (blépharite)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पलक की सूजन (ब्लेफेराइटिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szemhéjgyulladás (blepharitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infiammazione della palpebra (blefarite)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"眼瞼炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"안검염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie powiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Inflamação da pálpebra (blefarite)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Воспаление век (блефарит)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal očných viečok (blefaritída)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Göz kapağı iltihabı (blefarit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Запалення повік (блефарит)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"睑缘炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eyelid Disorders","text":"What are eyelid disorders?\nEyelid disorders include a variety of conditions that affect your eyelids. Your eyelids protect your eyes and help keep them healthy. When you blink, they spread tears across your eyes and help wash away dirt or dust. You also close your eyelids when something comes near your eyes to protect them from injury.\nLike other parts of your body, your eyelids can get infected, become swollen, or develop growths or eye cancer.\nWhat causes eyelid disorders?\nThe cause depends on the type of disorder. Some eyelid disorders may run in families, while others happen for unknown reasons.\nWhat are common eyelid disorders?\nThere are many kinds of eyelid problems. They can cause swelling, infection, irritation, or change how your eyelids look or move. Some may cause lumps or growths on or around the eyelids.\nEyelid disorders that cause swelling, redness, or infection include:\n• Stye (hordeolum). A small, red, painful bump caused by a bacterial infection in an oil gland. A chalazion is a painless lump that may form after a stye.\n• Blepharitis. Makes your eyelids red, itchy, or burning and can cause crusty eyelashes. It's often linked to bacteria or skin conditions like rosacea.\n• Periorbital cellulitis. A bacterial infection of the eyelid and nearby skin. If it spreads behind the eye (orbital cellulitis), it needs immediate medical care.\nEyelid disorders that affect eyelid position or movement include:\n• Ectropion (eyelids turn out). The inner eyelid is exposed, which can cause irritation or tearing.\n• Entropion (eyelids turn in). The eyelashes rub against the eye, causing discomfort or damage.\n• Ptosis (drooping eyelid). Often caused by weak muscles, aging, or nerve damage.\nEyelid growths include:\n• Xanthelasma. Yellowish patches of cholesterol near the inner corners of the eyelids.\n• Papilloma. A benign (noncancerous), wart-like skin growth.\n• Basal cell carcinoma. The most common eyelid cancer, often on the lower eyelid.\n• Squamous cell carcinoma. A less common but faster-growing skin cancer.\n• Sebaceous gland carcinoma. A rare but serious cancer of the eyelid's oil glands.\nEyelid disorders that affect blinking or eyelid movement include:\n• Blepharospasm. Eyelid blinking or twitching you can't control.\n• Myokymia. A minor, occasional eyelid twitch often caused by fatigue or stress.\nWhat are the symptoms of eyelid disorders?\nSymptoms can vary depending on the condition but may include:\n• Feeling like something is in your eye\n• Burning or stinging\n• Watery or itchy eyes\n• Red, swollen eyelids\n• Blurry vision\nHow are eyelid disorders diagnosed?\nYour eye care specialist may diagnose eyelid disorders during an eye exam. They may also ask about your medical and family history to help find the cause.\nHow are eyelid disorders treated?\nTreatment depends on the cause of the disorder. Some eyelid conditions get better on their own or may be related to another health condition. Keeping your eyelids clean can help prevent irritation and infection.\nIf you need treatment, it may include:\n• Warm compresses\n• Medicines or ointments\n• Eye drops\n• Surgery (less common)\n• Lifestyle changes, such as getting more sleep or cutting back on caffeine","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los párpados","text":"¿Qué son las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLas enfermedades de los párpados incluyen diversas afecciones que afectan los párpados. Los párpados protegen los ojos y ayudan a mantenerlos sanos. Al parpadear, las lágrimas se extienden por los ojos y ayudan a eliminar la suciedad o el polvo. También cerramos los párpados cuando algo se acerca a los ojos para protegerlos de lesiones.\nAl igual que otras partes del cuerpo, los párpados pueden infectarse, inflamarse o desarrollar tumores o cáncer de ojo.\n¿Qué causa las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLa causa depende del tipo de enfermedad. Algunas enfermedades de los párpados pueden ser hereditarias, mientras que otras ocurren por razones desconocidas.\n¿Cuáles son las enfermedades más comunes de los párpados?\nExisten muchos tipos de problemas en los párpados. Pueden causar hinchazón, infección, irritación o alterar su aspecto o movimiento. Algunos pueden causar bultos o crecimientos en los párpados o alrededor de ellos.\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que causan hinchazón, enrojecimiento o infección incluyen:\n• Orzuelo (hordeolum). Una pequeña protuberancia roja y dolorosa causada por una infección bacteriana en una glándula sebácea. Un chalazión es un bulto indoloro que puede formarse después de un orzuelo\n• Blefaritis. Provoca enrojecimiento, picazón o ardor en los párpados, y puede causar la formación de costras en las pestañas. Suele estar relacionada con bacterias o afecciones cutáneas como la rosácea\n• Celulitis periorbitaria. Una infección bacteriana del párpado y la piel circundante. Si se extiende detrás del ojo (celulitis orbitaria), requiere atención médica inmediata\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que afectan la posición o el movimiento del párpado incluyen:\n• Ectropión (párpados volteados hacia afuera). La parte interna del párpado queda expuesta, lo que puede causar irritación o lagrimeo\n• Entropión (párpados volteados hacia adentro). Las pestañas rozan contra el ojo, causando molestias o daño\n• Ptosis (párpado caído). Suele deberse a debilidad muscular, envejecimiento o daño nervioso.\nLos crecimientos de los párpados incluyen:\n• Xantelasma.. Manchas amarillentas de colesterol cerca de las esquinas internas de los párpados\n• Papiloma. Un crecimiento benigno (no canceroso) de la piel, similar a una verruga\n• Carcinoma basocelular. El cáncer de párpado más común, a menudo en el párpado inferior\n• Carcinoma espinocelular. Un cáncer de piel menos común, pero de crecimiento más rápido\n• Carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas. Un cáncer poco común, pero grave, de las glándulas sebáceas del párpado\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que afectan el parpadeo o el movimiento de los párpados incluyen:\n• Blefaroespasmo. Parpadeo o espasmos del párpado incontrolables\n• Mioquimia. Espasmo del párpado leve y ocasional, a menudo causado por fatiga o estrés\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLos síntomas pueden variar según la afección, pero pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de tener algo en el ojo\n• Ardor o escozor\n• Ojos llorosos o con picazón\n• Párpados rojos e hinchados\n• Visión borrosa\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de los párpados?\nSu especialista en el cuidado de los ojos puede diagnosticar trastornos de los párpados durante un examen de la vista. También pueden preguntarle sobre su historia médica y familiar para ayudar a encontrar la causa.\n¿Cómo se tratan las enfermedades de los párpados?\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa de la enfermedad. Algunas afecciones de los párpados mejoran por sí solas o pueden estar relacionadas con otra afección. Mantener los párpados limpios puede ayudar a prevenir la irritación y la infección.\nSi necesita tratamiento, este puede incluir:\n• Compresas tibias\n• Medicamentos o ungüentos\n• Gotas para los ojos\n• Cirugía (menos común)\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como dormir más o reducir la cafeína","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0223","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-eyelid-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-eyelid-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H02","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9A4Z","display":"Disorders of the ocular adnexa or orbit, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/946652467/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#946652467/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other eyelid disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale pleoapei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في الجفن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy očních víček","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Erkrankungen des Augenlids","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές του βλεφάρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos del párpado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections de la paupière","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पलक के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A szemhéj egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi della palpebra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の眼瞼の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 눈꺼풀 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby powiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da pálpebra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни век","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy očných viečok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer göz kapağı bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби повік","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他眼睑疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eyelid Disorders","text":"What are eyelid disorders?\nEyelid disorders include a variety of conditions that affect your eyelids. Your eyelids protect your eyes and help keep them healthy. When you blink, they spread tears across your eyes and help wash away dirt or dust. You also close your eyelids when something comes near your eyes to protect them from injury.\nLike other parts of your body, your eyelids can get infected, become swollen, or develop growths or eye cancer.\nWhat causes eyelid disorders?\nThe cause depends on the type of disorder. Some eyelid disorders may run in families, while others happen for unknown reasons.\nWhat are common eyelid disorders?\nThere are many kinds of eyelid problems. They can cause swelling, infection, irritation, or change how your eyelids look or move. Some may cause lumps or growths on or around the eyelids.\nEyelid disorders that cause swelling, redness, or infection include:\n• Stye (hordeolum). A small, red, painful bump caused by a bacterial infection in an oil gland. A chalazion is a painless lump that may form after a stye.\n• Blepharitis. Makes your eyelids red, itchy, or burning and can cause crusty eyelashes. It's often linked to bacteria or skin conditions like rosacea.\n• Periorbital cellulitis. A bacterial infection of the eyelid and nearby skin. If it spreads behind the eye (orbital cellulitis), it needs immediate medical care.\nEyelid disorders that affect eyelid position or movement include:\n• Ectropion (eyelids turn out). The inner eyelid is exposed, which can cause irritation or tearing.\n• Entropion (eyelids turn in). The eyelashes rub against the eye, causing discomfort or damage.\n• Ptosis (drooping eyelid). Often caused by weak muscles, aging, or nerve damage.\nEyelid growths include:\n• Xanthelasma. Yellowish patches of cholesterol near the inner corners of the eyelids.\n• Papilloma. A benign (noncancerous), wart-like skin growth.\n• Basal cell carcinoma. The most common eyelid cancer, often on the lower eyelid.\n• Squamous cell carcinoma. A less common but faster-growing skin cancer.\n• Sebaceous gland carcinoma. A rare but serious cancer of the eyelid's oil glands.\nEyelid disorders that affect blinking or eyelid movement include:\n• Blepharospasm. Eyelid blinking or twitching you can't control.\n• Myokymia. A minor, occasional eyelid twitch often caused by fatigue or stress.\nWhat are the symptoms of eyelid disorders?\nSymptoms can vary depending on the condition but may include:\n• Feeling like something is in your eye\n• Burning or stinging\n• Watery or itchy eyes\n• Red, swollen eyelids\n• Blurry vision\nHow are eyelid disorders diagnosed?\nYour eye care specialist may diagnose eyelid disorders during an eye exam. They may also ask about your medical and family history to help find the cause.\nHow are eyelid disorders treated?\nTreatment depends on the cause of the disorder. Some eyelid conditions get better on their own or may be related to another health condition. Keeping your eyelids clean can help prevent irritation and infection.\nIf you need treatment, it may include:\n• Warm compresses\n• Medicines or ointments\n• Eye drops\n• Surgery (less common)\n• Lifestyle changes, such as getting more sleep or cutting back on caffeine","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eyeliddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los párpados","text":"¿Qué son las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLas enfermedades de los párpados incluyen diversas afecciones que afectan los párpados. Los párpados protegen los ojos y ayudan a mantenerlos sanos. Al parpadear, las lágrimas se extienden por los ojos y ayudan a eliminar la suciedad o el polvo. También cerramos los párpados cuando algo se acerca a los ojos para protegerlos de lesiones.\nAl igual que otras partes del cuerpo, los párpados pueden infectarse, inflamarse o desarrollar tumores o cáncer de ojo.\n¿Qué causa las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLa causa depende del tipo de enfermedad. Algunas enfermedades de los párpados pueden ser hereditarias, mientras que otras ocurren por razones desconocidas.\n¿Cuáles son las enfermedades más comunes de los párpados?\nExisten muchos tipos de problemas en los párpados. Pueden causar hinchazón, infección, irritación o alterar su aspecto o movimiento. Algunos pueden causar bultos o crecimientos en los párpados o alrededor de ellos.\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que causan hinchazón, enrojecimiento o infección incluyen:\n• Orzuelo (hordeolum). Una pequeña protuberancia roja y dolorosa causada por una infección bacteriana en una glándula sebácea. Un chalazión es un bulto indoloro que puede formarse después de un orzuelo\n• Blefaritis. Provoca enrojecimiento, picazón o ardor en los párpados, y puede causar la formación de costras en las pestañas. Suele estar relacionada con bacterias o afecciones cutáneas como la rosácea\n• Celulitis periorbitaria. Una infección bacteriana del párpado y la piel circundante. Si se extiende detrás del ojo (celulitis orbitaria), requiere atención médica inmediata\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que afectan la posición o el movimiento del párpado incluyen:\n• Ectropión (párpados volteados hacia afuera). La parte interna del párpado queda expuesta, lo que puede causar irritación o lagrimeo\n• Entropión (párpados volteados hacia adentro). Las pestañas rozan contra el ojo, causando molestias o daño\n• Ptosis (párpado caído). Suele deberse a debilidad muscular, envejecimiento o daño nervioso.\nLos crecimientos de los párpados incluyen:\n• Xantelasma.. Manchas amarillentas de colesterol cerca de las esquinas internas de los párpados\n• Papiloma. Un crecimiento benigno (no canceroso) de la piel, similar a una verruga\n• Carcinoma basocelular. El cáncer de párpado más común, a menudo en el párpado inferior\n• Carcinoma espinocelular. Un cáncer de piel menos común, pero de crecimiento más rápido\n• Carcinoma de glándulas sebáceas. Un cáncer poco común, pero grave, de las glándulas sebáceas del párpado\nLas enfermedades de los párpados que afectan el parpadeo o el movimiento de los párpados incluyen:\n• Blefaroespasmo. Parpadeo o espasmos del párpado incontrolables\n• Mioquimia. Espasmo del párpado leve y ocasional, a menudo causado por fatiga o estrés\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de los párpados?\nLos síntomas pueden variar según la afección, pero pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de tener algo en el ojo\n• Ardor o escozor\n• Ojos llorosos o con picazón\n• Párpados rojos e hinchados\n• Visión borrosa\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de los párpados?\nSu especialista en el cuidado de los ojos puede diagnosticar trastornos de los párpados durante un examen de la vista. También pueden preguntarle sobre su historia médica y familiar para ayudar a encontrar la causa.\n¿Cómo se tratan las enfermedades de los párpados?\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa de la enfermedad. Algunas afecciones de los párpados mejoran por sí solas o pueden estar relacionadas con otra afección. Mantener los párpados limpios puede ayudar a prevenir la irritación y la infección.\nSi necesita tratamiento, este puede incluir:\n• Compresas tibias\n• Medicamentos o ungüentos\n• Gotas para los ojos\n• Cirugía (menos común)\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como dormir más o reducir la cafeína","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeliddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0224","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tear-duct-and-tear-gland-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tear-duct-and-tear-gland-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H04","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tear duct and tear gland disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale aparatului lacrimal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الجهاز الدمعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy slzného ústrojí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen des Tränenapparats","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του δακρυϊκού συστήματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del aparato lagrimal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections de l'appareil lacrymal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंसू नली और आंसू ग्रंथि के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A könnyszervek betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi dell'apparato lacrimale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"涙器の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"눈물기관 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby narządu łzowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do aparelho lacrimal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни слёзного аппарата","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy slzného aparátu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gözyaşı sistemi bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби сльозового апарату","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"泪器疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tears","text":"You may only think of tears as those salty drops that fall from your eyes when you cry. Actually, your tears clean your eyes every time you blink. Tears also keep your eyes moist, which is important for your vision.\nTear glands produce tears, and tear ducts carry the tears from the glands to the surface of your eye. Problems with the tear system can include too many tears, too few tears, or problems with the tear ducts. Treatment of the problem depends on the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tears.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lágrimas","text":"Usted quizás piense que las lágrimas son esas gotas saladas que salen de sus ojos cuando llora. En realidad, las lágrimas limpian sus ojos cada vez que usted parpadea. Las lágrimas también ayudan a mantener sus ojos húmedos, lo cual es importante para su vista.\nLas lágrimas son producidas por las glándulas lagrimales y el conducto lagrimal lleva estas lágrimas a los ojos. Los problemas con el sistema nasolagrimal incluyen la producción de demasiadas o de pocas lágrimas o problemas con los conductos lagrimales. El tratamiento depende de la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0225","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"conjunctivitis-pink-eye","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/conjunctivitis-pink-eye","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9A60.Z","display":"Conjunctivitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/831696556/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#831696556/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Conjunctivitis (pink eye)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Conjunctivită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الملتحمة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět spojivek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bindehautentzündung (Konjunktivitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιπεφυκίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Conjuntivitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Conjonctivite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंख आना (कंजंक्टिवाइटिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kötőhártya-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Congiuntivite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"結膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"결막염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie spojówek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Conjuntivite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Конъюнктивит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal spojoviek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Konjonktivit (göz nezlesi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кон'юнктивіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"结膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pink Eye","text":"Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pink eye. It involves inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelid. It can cause swelling, itching, burning, discharge, and redness. Causes include:\n• Bacterial or viral infection\n• Allergies\n• Substances that cause irritation\n• Contact lens products, eye drops, or eye ointments\nPink eye usually does not affect vision. Infectious pink eye can easily spread from one person to another. The infection will clear in most cases without medical care, but bacterial pink eye needs treatment with antibiotic eye drops or ointment.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Conjuntivitis","text":"La conjuntivitis causa hinchazón, picazón, ardor, lagrimeo y enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva, la membrana delgada y translúcida que recubre la parte blanca del ojo y el interior de los párpados. Las causas pueden ser:\n• Infección bacteriana o viral\n• Alergias\n• Sustancias que causan irritación\n• Productos que se usan para los lentes de contacto, gotas para los ojos o ungüentos.\nLa conjuntivitis, en general, no afecta la vista. La conjunctivitis infecciosa se contagia fácilmente de persona a persona. La infección desaparece por sí sola sin tratamiento, pero la conjuntivitis bacteriana necesita tratamiento con gotas o ungüentos antibióticos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0226","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"age-related-cataract","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/age-related-cataract","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H25","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9B10.0Z","display":"Age-related cataract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1412073350/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1412073350/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Age-related cataract","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cataractă senilă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الساد الشيخوخي (المياه البيضاء)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Stařecký šedý zákal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Altersbedingter Grauer Star","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γεροντικός καταρράκτης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Catarata senil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cataracte liée à l'âge","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उम्र से संबंधित मोतियाबिंद","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Időskori szürkehályog","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cataratta senile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"加齢性白内障","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"노인성 백내장","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaćma starcza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Catarata senil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Возрастная катаракта","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Starecký sivý zákal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yaşa bağlı katarakt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вікова катаракта","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"老年性白内障","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cataract","text":"What are cataracts?\nA cataract is a clouding of the clear lens inside your eye. This cloudiness blocks light from reaching the back of the eye, making it harder to see clearly. A cataract can affect one or both eyes, but it doesn't spread from one eye to the other.\nCataracts usually develop slowly. As they get worse, your vision can become blurry or dim. Brighter lighting or new eyeglasses may help at first, but if cataracts begin to interfere with your daily activities, you may need cataract surgery.\nWithout treatment, cataracts can cause severe or even permanent loss of vision.\nWhat causes cataracts?\nMost cataracts develop as part of the normal aging process. This happens when the protein in the lens of your eye clumps together. Over time, these protein clumps grow larger and thicker, making it harder to see. The lens may turn yellow or brown, which can affect how you see colors.\nCataracts can also develop after an eye injury or surgery for another eye condition, like glaucoma.\nWho is more likely to develop cataracts?\nCataracts are very common in older adults. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery. Your risk for developing cataracts increases as you get older. You may also be at an increased risk if you:\n• Have certain health problems, like diabetes\n• Have a family history of cataracts\n• Have had an eye injury or eye surgery\n• Take steroid medicines, used to treat conditions like arthritis or allergies\n• Smoke\n• Drink excessive amounts of alcohol\n• Have spent a lot of time in the sun\nWhat are the symptoms of cataracts?\nYou may not notice cataracts at first because they usually develop slowly. That's why regular eye exams are important. Common symptoms may include:\n• Blurry or cloudy vision\n• Colors that seem faded\n• Glare from headlights, lamps, or sunlight that seems too bright\n• Halos around lights\n• Not being able to see well at night\n• Double vision (this may go away as the cataract gets bigger)\n• Frequent changes in your glasses or contact lens prescription\n• Trouble reading or doing other everyday activities\nTalk with your provider about these symptoms since they could also be signs of other eye problems.\nHow are cataracts diagnosed?\nA comprehensive eye exam is the best way to check for cataracts. Your provider will do several tests to check your vision and eye health. This includes a dilated eye exam, where your pupils are widened with special eye drops. This allows more light to enter your eye so your provider can clearly see tissues at the back.\nHow are cataracts treated?\nSurgery is the only way to remove a cataract. At first, you may be able to improve your vision with new glasses and brighter lighting. But if cataracts are getting in the way of everyday activities like reading, driving, or watching TV, surgery is an option. During surgery, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL).\nCan cataracts be prevented?\nIf you're worried that you're at risk for cataracts, talk to your provider to see if there's anything you can do to lower your risk. A few ways to protect your eyes include:\n• Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat to block ultraviolet (UV) sunlight and help delay cataracts.\n• Protect your eyes from injury when using power tools or playing certain sports.\n• Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, leafy greens, nuts, and whole grains.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cataratas","text":"¿Qué son las cataratas?\nUna catarata se refiere a cuando se nubla el cristalino, también llamado lente de su ojo. Esta opacidad bloquea la luz y no permite que alcance la parte posterior de su ojo, por lo que es más difícil ver con claridad. La catarata puede afectar uno o ambos ojos, pero no es posible que se contagie de uno a otro.\nLas cataratas suelen aparecer lentamente. A medida que empeoran, su visión puede volverse borrosa o disminuir. Una iluminación más brillante o unos anteojos nuevos pueden ayudar al principio, pero si la catarata comienza a interferir con sus actividades diarias, usted podría necesitar una cirugía.\nSi no se tratan, las cataratas pueden causar pérdida de la visión severa o incluso permanente.\n¿Qué causa las cataratas?\nLa mayoría de las cataratas se desarrollan como parte normal del proceso de envejecimiento. Esto sucede cuando la proteína que recubre el cristalino se amontona. Con el paso del tiempo, este cúmulo de proteína crece y se hace más grueso, por lo que ver se vuelve más difícil. El cristalino puede volverse amarillo o café, lo que afecta cómo usted ve los colores.\nLas cataratas también pueden formarse tras una lesión en el ojo o después de una cirugía para tratar otra condición en el ojo, como el glaucoma.\n¿Quiénes tienen más riesgo de desarrollar cataratas?\nLas cataratas son muy comunes en las personas mayores. A los 80 años, más de la mitad de las personas que viven en los Estados Unidos tienen cataratas o se han sometido a una cirugía de cataratas. Su riesgo de desarrollar cataratas aumenta a medida que envejece. También podría tener mayor riesgo si usted:\n• Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes\n• Tiene un historial familiar de cataratas\n• Ha tenido una lesión en el ojo o se ha sometido a cirugía del ojo\n• Toma medicamentos con esteroides, utilizados para tratar condiciones como la artritis o la alergia\n• Fuma\n• Consume cantidades excesivas del alcohol\n• Ha pasado mucho tiempo al sol\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las cataratas?\nUsted podría no notar las cataratas al inicio porque suelen desarrollarse lentamente. Por esto son muy importantes los exámenes regulares de los ojos. Los síntomas comunes incluyen:\n• Visión borrosa\n• Colores que parecen desteñidos\n• Resplandor alrededor de faros, lámparas o que la luz del sol se vea demasiado brillante\n• Halos alrededor de las luces\n• Dificultad para ver bien de noche\n• Ver doble (esto puede desaparecer a medida que la catarata crece)\n• Cambios frecuentes en las recetas de sus lentes\n• Problemas al leer o realizar actividades cotidianas\nConverse con su proveedor acerca de estos síntomas, ya que pueden ser también señales de otros problemas de los ojos.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las cataratas?\nLa mejor forma de detectar las cataratas es a través de un examen ocular profundo. Su proveedor le realizará varias pruebas para revisar su visión y la salud de su ojo. Esto incluye una prueba del ojo dilatado, en la que sus pupilas se ensanchan con gotas especiales para los ojos. Esto permite que entre más luz en su ojo y que su proveedor vea con claridad los tejidos en la parte posterior.\n¿Cómo se tratan las cataratas?\nLa única manera de remover una catarata es a través de una cirugía. Al inicio, podría mejorar su visión con anteojos nuevos y una iluminación más brillante. Sin embargo, si las cataratas interfieren en sus actividades diarias como leer, conducir o ver televisión, la cirugía es una opción. Durante el procedimiento, el cristalino opaco es removido y se reemplaza con un lente artificial llamado lente intraocular.\n¿Se pueden prevenir las cataratas?\nSi le preocupa su riesgo de desarrollar cataratas, converse con su proveedor para explorar si hay algo que pueda hacer para reducir su riesgo. Algunas formas de proteger sus ojos incluyen:\n• Usar anteojos de sol y un sombrero amplio para bloquear los rayos ultravioleta (UV) del sol y ayudar a retrasar las cataratas\n• Protegerse de posibles lesiones en los ojos cuando utiliza herramientas o practica ciertos deportes\n• Consumir una dieta saludable con abundantes frutas, vegetales, hortalizas de hojas verdes, frutos secos y granos enteros\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0227","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-specified-cataracts","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-specified-cataracts","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H26","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9B10.2Y","display":"Other specified cataracts","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/545773433/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#545773433/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte tipuri de cataractă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أنواع أخرى من الساد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiný šedý zákal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Formen des Grauen Stars","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλος καταρράκτης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras cataratas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres cataractes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य मोतियाबिंद","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb szürkehályog","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre cataratte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の白内障","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 백내장","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zaćmy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras cataratas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие катаракты","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iný sivý zákal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer kataraktlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші катаракти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他白内障","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other cataract","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cataract","text":"What are cataracts?\nA cataract is a clouding of the clear lens inside your eye. This cloudiness blocks light from reaching the back of the eye, making it harder to see clearly. A cataract can affect one or both eyes, but it doesn't spread from one eye to the other.\nCataracts usually develop slowly. As they get worse, your vision can become blurry or dim. Brighter lighting or new eyeglasses may help at first, but if cataracts begin to interfere with your daily activities, you may need cataract surgery.\nWithout treatment, cataracts can cause severe or even permanent loss of vision.\nWhat causes cataracts?\nMost cataracts develop as part of the normal aging process. This happens when the protein in the lens of your eye clumps together. Over time, these protein clumps grow larger and thicker, making it harder to see. The lens may turn yellow or brown, which can affect how you see colors.\nCataracts can also develop after an eye injury or surgery for another eye condition, like glaucoma.\nWho is more likely to develop cataracts?\nCataracts are very common in older adults. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery. Your risk for developing cataracts increases as you get older. You may also be at an increased risk if you:\n• Have certain health problems, like diabetes\n• Have a family history of cataracts\n• Have had an eye injury or eye surgery\n• Take steroid medicines, used to treat conditions like arthritis or allergies\n• Smoke\n• Drink excessive amounts of alcohol\n• Have spent a lot of time in the sun\nWhat are the symptoms of cataracts?\nYou may not notice cataracts at first because they usually develop slowly. That's why regular eye exams are important. Common symptoms may include:\n• Blurry or cloudy vision\n• Colors that seem faded\n• Glare from headlights, lamps, or sunlight that seems too bright\n• Halos around lights\n• Not being able to see well at night\n• Double vision (this may go away as the cataract gets bigger)\n• Frequent changes in your glasses or contact lens prescription\n• Trouble reading or doing other everyday activities\nTalk with your provider about these symptoms since they could also be signs of other eye problems.\nHow are cataracts diagnosed?\nA comprehensive eye exam is the best way to check for cataracts. Your provider will do several tests to check your vision and eye health. This includes a dilated eye exam, where your pupils are widened with special eye drops. This allows more light to enter your eye so your provider can clearly see tissues at the back.\nHow are cataracts treated?\nSurgery is the only way to remove a cataract. At first, you may be able to improve your vision with new glasses and brighter lighting. But if cataracts are getting in the way of everyday activities like reading, driving, or watching TV, surgery is an option. During surgery, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL).\nCan cataracts be prevented?\nIf you're worried that you're at risk for cataracts, talk to your provider to see if there's anything you can do to lower your risk. A few ways to protect your eyes include:\n• Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat to block ultraviolet (UV) sunlight and help delay cataracts.\n• Protect your eyes from injury when using power tools or playing certain sports.\n• Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, leafy greens, nuts, and whole grains.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cataratas","text":"¿Qué son las cataratas?\nUna catarata se refiere a cuando se nubla el cristalino, también llamado lente de su ojo. Esta opacidad bloquea la luz y no permite que alcance la parte posterior de su ojo, por lo que es más difícil ver con claridad. La catarata puede afectar uno o ambos ojos, pero no es posible que se contagie de uno a otro.\nLas cataratas suelen aparecer lentamente. A medida que empeoran, su visión puede volverse borrosa o disminuir. Una iluminación más brillante o unos anteojos nuevos pueden ayudar al principio, pero si la catarata comienza a interferir con sus actividades diarias, usted podría necesitar una cirugía.\nSi no se tratan, las cataratas pueden causar pérdida de la visión severa o incluso permanente.\n¿Qué causa las cataratas?\nLa mayoría de las cataratas se desarrollan como parte normal del proceso de envejecimiento. Esto sucede cuando la proteína que recubre el cristalino se amontona. Con el paso del tiempo, este cúmulo de proteína crece y se hace más grueso, por lo que ver se vuelve más difícil. El cristalino puede volverse amarillo o café, lo que afecta cómo usted ve los colores.\nLas cataratas también pueden formarse tras una lesión en el ojo o después de una cirugía para tratar otra condición en el ojo, como el glaucoma.\n¿Quiénes tienen más riesgo de desarrollar cataratas?\nLas cataratas son muy comunes en las personas mayores. A los 80 años, más de la mitad de las personas que viven en los Estados Unidos tienen cataratas o se han sometido a una cirugía de cataratas. Su riesgo de desarrollar cataratas aumenta a medida que envejece. También podría tener mayor riesgo si usted:\n• Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes\n• Tiene un historial familiar de cataratas\n• Ha tenido una lesión en el ojo o se ha sometido a cirugía del ojo\n• Toma medicamentos con esteroides, utilizados para tratar condiciones como la artritis o la alergia\n• Fuma\n• Consume cantidades excesivas del alcohol\n• Ha pasado mucho tiempo al sol\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las cataratas?\nUsted podría no notar las cataratas al inicio porque suelen desarrollarse lentamente. Por esto son muy importantes los exámenes regulares de los ojos. Los síntomas comunes incluyen:\n• Visión borrosa\n• Colores que parecen desteñidos\n• Resplandor alrededor de faros, lámparas o que la luz del sol se vea demasiado brillante\n• Halos alrededor de las luces\n• Dificultad para ver bien de noche\n• Ver doble (esto puede desaparecer a medida que la catarata crece)\n• Cambios frecuentes en las recetas de sus lentes\n• Problemas al leer o realizar actividades cotidianas\nConverse con su proveedor acerca de estos síntomas, ya que pueden ser también señales de otros problemas de los ojos.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las cataratas?\nLa mejor forma de detectar las cataratas es a través de un examen ocular profundo. Su proveedor le realizará varias pruebas para revisar su visión y la salud de su ojo. Esto incluye una prueba del ojo dilatado, en la que sus pupilas se ensanchan con gotas especiales para los ojos. Esto permite que entre más luz en su ojo y que su proveedor vea con claridad los tejidos en la parte posterior.\n¿Cómo se tratan las cataratas?\nLa única manera de remover una catarata es a través de una cirugía. Al inicio, podría mejorar su visión con anteojos nuevos y una iluminación más brillante. Sin embargo, si las cataratas interfieren en sus actividades diarias como leer, conducir o ver televisión, la cirugía es una opción. Durante el procedimiento, el cristalino opaco es removido y se reemplaza con un lente artificial llamado lente intraocular.\n¿Se pueden prevenir las cataratas?\nSi le preocupa su riesgo de desarrollar cataratas, converse con su proveedor para explorar si hay algo que pueda hacer para reducir su riesgo. Algunas formas de proteger sus ojos incluyen:\n• Usar anteojos de sol y un sombrero amplio para bloquear los rayos ultravioleta (UV) del sol y ayudar a retrasar las cataratas\n• Protegerse de posibles lesiones en los ojos cuando utiliza herramientas o practica ciertos deportes\n• Consumir una dieta saludable con abundantes frutas, vegetales, hortalizas de hojas verdes, frutos secos y granos enteros\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0228","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cataract-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cataract-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H28","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cataract in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cataractă în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الساد في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Šedý zákal u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Grauer Star bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καταρράκτης σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Catarata en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cataracte au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में मोतियाबिंद","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szürkehályog egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cataratta in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による白内障","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 백내장","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaćma w przebiegu innych chorób","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Catarata em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Катаракта при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sivý zákal pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda katarakt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Катаракта при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的白内障","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cataract","text":"What are cataracts?\nA cataract is a clouding of the clear lens inside your eye. This cloudiness blocks light from reaching the back of the eye, making it harder to see clearly. A cataract can affect one or both eyes, but it doesn't spread from one eye to the other.\nCataracts usually develop slowly. As they get worse, your vision can become blurry or dim. Brighter lighting or new eyeglasses may help at first, but if cataracts begin to interfere with your daily activities, you may need cataract surgery.\nWithout treatment, cataracts can cause severe or even permanent loss of vision.\nWhat causes cataracts?\nMost cataracts develop as part of the normal aging process. This happens when the protein in the lens of your eye clumps together. Over time, these protein clumps grow larger and thicker, making it harder to see. The lens may turn yellow or brown, which can affect how you see colors.\nCataracts can also develop after an eye injury or surgery for another eye condition, like glaucoma.\nWho is more likely to develop cataracts?\nCataracts are very common in older adults. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery. Your risk for developing cataracts increases as you get older. You may also be at an increased risk if you:\n• Have certain health problems, like diabetes\n• Have a family history of cataracts\n• Have had an eye injury or eye surgery\n• Take steroid medicines, used to treat conditions like arthritis or allergies\n• Smoke\n• Drink excessive amounts of alcohol\n• Have spent a lot of time in the sun\nWhat are the symptoms of cataracts?\nYou may not notice cataracts at first because they usually develop slowly. That's why regular eye exams are important. Common symptoms may include:\n• Blurry or cloudy vision\n• Colors that seem faded\n• Glare from headlights, lamps, or sunlight that seems too bright\n• Halos around lights\n• Not being able to see well at night\n• Double vision (this may go away as the cataract gets bigger)\n• Frequent changes in your glasses or contact lens prescription\n• Trouble reading or doing other everyday activities\nTalk with your provider about these symptoms since they could also be signs of other eye problems.\nHow are cataracts diagnosed?\nA comprehensive eye exam is the best way to check for cataracts. Your provider will do several tests to check your vision and eye health. This includes a dilated eye exam, where your pupils are widened with special eye drops. This allows more light to enter your eye so your provider can clearly see tissues at the back.\nHow are cataracts treated?\nSurgery is the only way to remove a cataract. At first, you may be able to improve your vision with new glasses and brighter lighting. But if cataracts are getting in the way of everyday activities like reading, driving, or watching TV, surgery is an option. During surgery, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL).\nCan cataracts be prevented?\nIf you're worried that you're at risk for cataracts, talk to your provider to see if there's anything you can do to lower your risk. A few ways to protect your eyes include:\n• Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat to block ultraviolet (UV) sunlight and help delay cataracts.\n• Protect your eyes from injury when using power tools or playing certain sports.\n• Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, leafy greens, nuts, and whole grains.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cataratas","text":"¿Qué son las cataratas?\nUna catarata se refiere a cuando se nubla el cristalino, también llamado lente de su ojo. Esta opacidad bloquea la luz y no permite que alcance la parte posterior de su ojo, por lo que es más difícil ver con claridad. La catarata puede afectar uno o ambos ojos, pero no es posible que se contagie de uno a otro.\nLas cataratas suelen aparecer lentamente. A medida que empeoran, su visión puede volverse borrosa o disminuir. Una iluminación más brillante o unos anteojos nuevos pueden ayudar al principio, pero si la catarata comienza a interferir con sus actividades diarias, usted podría necesitar una cirugía.\nSi no se tratan, las cataratas pueden causar pérdida de la visión severa o incluso permanente.\n¿Qué causa las cataratas?\nLa mayoría de las cataratas se desarrollan como parte normal del proceso de envejecimiento. Esto sucede cuando la proteína que recubre el cristalino se amontona. Con el paso del tiempo, este cúmulo de proteína crece y se hace más grueso, por lo que ver se vuelve más difícil. El cristalino puede volverse amarillo o café, lo que afecta cómo usted ve los colores.\nLas cataratas también pueden formarse tras una lesión en el ojo o después de una cirugía para tratar otra condición en el ojo, como el glaucoma.\n¿Quiénes tienen más riesgo de desarrollar cataratas?\nLas cataratas son muy comunes en las personas mayores. A los 80 años, más de la mitad de las personas que viven en los Estados Unidos tienen cataratas o se han sometido a una cirugía de cataratas. Su riesgo de desarrollar cataratas aumenta a medida que envejece. También podría tener mayor riesgo si usted:\n• Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes\n• Tiene un historial familiar de cataratas\n• Ha tenido una lesión en el ojo o se ha sometido a cirugía del ojo\n• Toma medicamentos con esteroides, utilizados para tratar condiciones como la artritis o la alergia\n• Fuma\n• Consume cantidades excesivas del alcohol\n• Ha pasado mucho tiempo al sol\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las cataratas?\nUsted podría no notar las cataratas al inicio porque suelen desarrollarse lentamente. Por esto son muy importantes los exámenes regulares de los ojos. Los síntomas comunes incluyen:\n• Visión borrosa\n• Colores que parecen desteñidos\n• Resplandor alrededor de faros, lámparas o que la luz del sol se vea demasiado brillante\n• Halos alrededor de las luces\n• Dificultad para ver bien de noche\n• Ver doble (esto puede desaparecer a medida que la catarata crece)\n• Cambios frecuentes en las recetas de sus lentes\n• Problemas al leer o realizar actividades cotidianas\nConverse con su proveedor acerca de estos síntomas, ya que pueden ser también señales de otros problemas de los ojos.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las cataratas?\nLa mejor forma de detectar las cataratas es a través de un examen ocular profundo. Su proveedor le realizará varias pruebas para revisar su visión y la salud de su ojo. Esto incluye una prueba del ojo dilatado, en la que sus pupilas se ensanchan con gotas especiales para los ojos. Esto permite que entre más luz en su ojo y que su proveedor vea con claridad los tejidos en la parte posterior.\n¿Cómo se tratan las cataratas?\nLa única manera de remover una catarata es a través de una cirugía. Al inicio, podría mejorar su visión con anteojos nuevos y una iluminación más brillante. Sin embargo, si las cataratas interfieren en sus actividades diarias como leer, conducir o ver televisión, la cirugía es una opción. Durante el procedimiento, el cristalino opaco es removido y se reemplaza con un lente artificial llamado lente intraocular.\n¿Se pueden prevenir las cataratas?\nSi le preocupa su riesgo de desarrollar cataratas, converse con su proveedor para explorar si hay algo que pueda hacer para reducir su riesgo. Algunas formas de proteger sus ojos incluyen:\n• Usar anteojos de sol y un sombrero amplio para bloquear los rayos ultravioleta (UV) del sol y ayudar a retrasar las cataratas\n• Protegerse de posibles lesiones en los ojos cuando utiliza herramientas o practica ciertos deportes\n• Consumir una dieta saludable con abundantes frutas, vegetales, hortalizas de hojas verdes, frutos secos y granos enteros\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0229","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"retinal-detachment-and-tears","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/retinal-detachment-and-tears","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H33","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9B73.Z","display":"Retinal detachments or breaks, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/357208479/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#357208479/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Retinal detachment and tears","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dezlipire și rupturi de retină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انفصال الشبكية وتمزقاتها","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Odchlípení a trhliny sítnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Netzhautablösung und Netzhautrisse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αποκόλληση και ρωγμές του αμφιβληστροειδούς","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Desprendimiento y desgarro de retina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Décollement et déchirure de la rétine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रेटिना का अलग होना और फटना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ideghártya-leválás és -szakadás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Distacco e rotture della retina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"網膜剥離と網膜裂孔","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"망막박리 및 망막열공","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Odwarstwienie i przedarcie siatkówki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Descolamento e rasgaduras da retina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отслойка и разрывы сетчатки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Odlúčenie a trhliny sietnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Retina dekolmanı ve yırtıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Відшарування та розриви сітківки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"视网膜脱离和裂孔","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Retinal Detachment","text":"The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain. It provides the sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving, and seeing fine detail. A retinal detachment lifts or pulls the retina from its normal position. It can occur at any age, but it is more common in people over age 40. It affects men more than women and whites more than African Americans. A retinal detachment is also more likely to occur in people who:\n• Are extremely nearsighted\n• Have had a retinal detachment in the other eye\n• Have a family history of retinal detachment\n• Have had cataract surgery\n• Have other eye diseases or disorders\n• Have had an eye injury\nSymptoms include an increase in the number of floaters, which are little \"cobwebs\" or specks that float about in your field of vision, and/or light flashes in the eye. It may also seem like there is a \"curtain\" over your field of vision.\nA retinal detachment is a medical emergency. If not promptly treated, it can cause permanent vision loss. If you have any symptoms, see an eye care professional immediately. Treatment includes different types of surgery.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Desprendimiento de retina","text":"La retina es una capa de tejido en la parte posterior del ojo que percibe la luz y envía las imágenes al cerebro. Suministra la visión nítida y central necesaria para leer, conducir y ver los detalles más pequeños. Se llama desprendimiento de retina a la separación de la retina de su posición normal debido a un desgarro. Puede sucederles a personas de todas las edades pero es más común en personas mayores de 40. Este problema afecta más a los hombres que a las mujeres y a más blancos que afroamericanos. Las personas que presentan más riesgos también:\n• Son extremadamente miopes o cortos de vista\n• Tienen un desprendimiento de retina en el otro ojo\n• Tienen una historia familiar de desprendimiento de retina\n• Han tenido cirugía de cataratas\n• Tienen otras enfermedades o afecciones de la vista o del ojo\n• Han sufrido una lesión en el ojo\nLos síntomas incluyen un aumento de flotadores (pequeños puntos o manchas que aparecen en la visión de una persona, o destellos de luz en los ojos). También, puede sentir la sensación de que existe una \"cortina\" en su campo de visión.\nEl desprendimiento de retina es una emergencia médica. Si no se trata pronto, puede ocasionar pérdida de la visión permanente. Si usted presenta alguno de los síntomas, acuda a un oculista (médico de los ojos) inmediatamente. El tratamiento incluye varios tipos de cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0230","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"glaucoma-or-glaucoma-suspect-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/glaucoma-or-glaucoma-suspect-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H40","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Glaucom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الزرق (المياه الزرقاء)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zelený zákal (glaukom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Grüner Star (Glaukom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γλαύκωμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Glaucome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ग्लूकोमा (काला मोतिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zöldhályog (glaukóma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"緑内障","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"녹내장","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Jaskra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Глаукома","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zelený zákal (glaukóm)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Glokom (göz tansiyonu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Глаукома","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"青光眼","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Glaucoma","text":"What is glaucoma?\nGlaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the optic nerve of one, or both, of your eyes. This can result in vision loss. There are different types of glaucoma, but the most common type is open-angle glaucoma. Other less common types include angle-closure glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma.\nYou may not have any symptoms of glaucoma. Regular eye exams by an eye care provider can check for glaucoma and other eye problems to help protect your vision. Treatments that lower eye pressure help slow the disease. Without treatment, glaucoma can eventually lead to blindness.\nWhat causes glaucoma?\nMedical experts aren't sure what causes glaucoma, but the most common types usually happen when the fluid pressure inside your eye slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. Other types of glaucoma may be caused by medical conditions, or a baby may be born with it.\nNot everyone with high eye pressure develops glaucoma. Some people may even get glaucoma with normal eye pressure. The amount of pressure your optic nerve can handle is different for each person. Getting regular dilated eye exams helps your provider figure out what level of eye pressure is normal for you.\nWhat are the symptoms of glaucoma?\nOften there are no symptoms of glaucoma at first. Or symptoms may start so slowly that you may not notice them. Without treatment, you slowly lose your peripheral (side) vision. It may seem like you're looking through a tunnel. Over time, your straight-ahead vision may decrease until no vision remains.\nIf you have sudden symptoms of intense eye pain, blurry vision, red eyes, or an upset stomach (nausea), you need to go to your eye care provider or an emergency room right away. These could be symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma. This less common type of glaucoma causes fluid to build up quickly in your eye.\nHow is glaucoma diagnosed?\nA comprehensive eye exam can tell if you have glaucoma. This would include:\n• A dilated eye exam. This involves getting eye drops that dilate (widen) your pupils. This allows more light to enter your eye. Your eye care provider examines your eyes using a special magnifying lens. This provides a clear view of important tissues at the back of your eye to check for glaucoma or other eye problems. For a few hours after the exam your vision may be blurry and sensitive to light, so you will need someone to take you home.\n• Visual field testing. This check of your peripheral (side) vision allows your eye care provider to find out how well you can see objects off to the side of your vision without moving your eyes.\n• Tonometry. This measures the pressure inside your eye.\nIf you're at higher risk for glaucoma, you should get comprehensive eye exams every one to two years. You're at higher risk if you:\n• Are Black or African American and over age 40\n• Are over age 60, especially if you're Hispanic or Latino\n• Have a family history of glaucoma\nYou're also at higher risk if you have high blood pressure or diabetes and should get a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Talk with your provider about your risk and how often you should get your eyes checked.\nWhat are the treatments for glaucoma?\nEarly treatment can help protect your eyes against vision loss. There is no cure, but glaucoma can usually be controlled. Without treatment it can eventually cause blindness. Treatments can include:\n• Prescription eye drops are the most common treatment to lower the pressure in your eye and prevent damage to your optic nerve.\n• Other treatments may include oral medicines, laser treatment, and/or surgery.\nA combination of these treatments may be used to lower eye pressure and help drain the fluid out of your eye.\nCan glaucoma be prevented?\nThere is no way to prevent glaucoma. Eye exams can help find glaucoma or other eye problems before they can affect your vision. If you have glaucoma, be sure to continue with treatment to prevent your vision from getting worse.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Glaucoma","text":"¿Qué es el glaucoma?\nEl glaucoma es un grupo de enfermedades que pueden dañar el nervio óptico de uno o ambos ojos, lo que puede provocar pérdida de la visión. Existen distintos tipos de glaucoma, pero el más común es el de ángulo abierto. Otros tipos menos comunes son el de ángulo cerrado y el congénito.\nEs posible que no presente síntomas de glaucoma. Los exámenes de los ojos periódicos realizados por un profesional de la salud ocular pueden detectar la presencia de glaucoma y otros problemas de los ojos para ayudar a proteger su visión. Los tratamientos que reducen la presión ocular ayudan a retrasar la enfermedad. Sin tratamiento, el glaucoma puede acabar provocando ceguera.\n¿Qué causa el glaucoma?\nLos expertos médicos no están seguros sobre cuál es la causa del glaucoma, pero los tipos más comunes suelen producirse cuando la presión del líquido dentro del ojo aumenta lentamente, dañando el nervio óptico. Otros tipos de glaucoma pueden ser causados por afecciones médicas o un bebé puede nacer con la afección.\nNo todas las personas con presión ocular alta desarrollan glaucoma. Algunas personas pueden incluso presentarlo con una presión ocular normal. La cantidad de presión que puede soportar el nervio óptico es diferente para cada persona. Realizarse exámenes oculares con dilatación de pupilas regularmente ayuda a su profesional de la salud a averiguar el nivel de presión del ojo que es normal para usted.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del glaucoma?\nA menudo, al principio el glaucoma no presenta síntomas. O bien, los síntomas pueden comenzar tan lentamente que puede no notarlos. Sin tratamiento, usted pierde lentamente su visión periférica (lateral). Puede parecer que está mirando a través de un túnel. Con el tiempo, su visión frontal puede disminuir hasta no tener más visión.\nSi de repente tiene síntomas como dolor ocular intenso, visión borrosa, ojos rojos o malestar estomacal (náuseas), debe acudir a su profesional de la salud ocular o a una sala de emergencias de inmediato. Estos podrían ser síntomas de glaucoma de ángulo cerrado. Este tipo menos común de glaucoma hace que se acumule líquido rápidamente en el ojo.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el glaucoma?\nUn examen ocular completo puede determinar si tiene glaucoma. Esto incluye:\n• Examen ocular con dilatación de pupilas: Esto implica la aplicación de gotas para los ojos que dilatan (ensanchan) las pupilas, lo que permite que entre más luz en el ojo. Su profesional de la salud ocular examina los ojos con una lupa especial, lo que permite observar con claridad los tejidos importantes de la parte posterior del ojo para comprobar si tiene glaucoma u otros problemas oculares. Es posible que su visión sea borrosa y sensible a la luz por algunas horas después de su examen, por lo que necesitará que alguien lo lleve a su casa\n• Examen del campo visual: Esta comprobación de la visión periférica (lateral) permite a su profesional de la salud ocular u oftalmólogo averiguar qué tan bien puede ver los objetos que se encuentran a los costados de su campo visual sin mover los ojos\n• Tonometría: Esta prueba mide la presión dentro del ojo\nSi tiene un mayor riesgo de tener glaucoma, debe hacerse exámenes oculares completos cada uno o dos años. El riesgo es mayor si:\n• Es afrodescendiente y tiene más de 40 años\n• Tiene más de 60 años, especialmente si es hispano o latino\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de glaucoma\nSu riesgo también es mayor si tiene presión arterial alta o diabetes y debe hacerse un examen con dilatación de pupilas al menos una vez al año. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo y con qué frecuencia debe hacerse un examen de la vista.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el glaucoma?\nEl tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a proteger sus ojos contra la pérdida de la visión. Si bien el glaucoma no tiene cura, generalmente se puede controlar. Sin tratamiento, eventualmente puede causar ceguera. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Las gotas para los ojos recetadas son el tratamiento más común para reducir la presión en el ojo y prevenir daños en el nervio óptico\n• Otros tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos orales, tratamiento con láser y/o cirugía\nUna combinación de estos tratamientos se puede usar para reducir la presión ocular y ayudar a drenar el líquido del ojo.\n¿Se puede prevenir el glaucoma?\nNo hay forma de prevenir el glaucoma. Los exámenes oculares pueden ayudar a detectar el glaucoma u otros problemas de los ojos antes de que afecten su visión. Si tiene glaucoma, asegúrese de continuar con el tratamiento para evitar que su visión empeore.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0231","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"glaucoma-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/glaucoma-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H42","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9C61.Z","display":"Glaucoma, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/499924848/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#499924848/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Glaucom în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الزرق في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Glaukom u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Glaukom bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γλαύκωμα σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Glaucome au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में ग्लूकोमा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zöldhályog egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による緑内障","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 녹내장","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Jaskra w przebiegu innych chorób","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Glaucoma em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Глаукома при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Glaukóm pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda glokom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Глаукома при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的青光眼","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Glaucoma","text":"What is glaucoma?\nGlaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the optic nerve of one, or both, of your eyes. This can result in vision loss. There are different types of glaucoma, but the most common type is open-angle glaucoma. Other less common types include angle-closure glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma.\nYou may not have any symptoms of glaucoma. Regular eye exams by an eye care provider can check for glaucoma and other eye problems to help protect your vision. Treatments that lower eye pressure help slow the disease. Without treatment, glaucoma can eventually lead to blindness.\nWhat causes glaucoma?\nMedical experts aren't sure what causes glaucoma, but the most common types usually happen when the fluid pressure inside your eye slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. Other types of glaucoma may be caused by medical conditions, or a baby may be born with it.\nNot everyone with high eye pressure develops glaucoma. Some people may even get glaucoma with normal eye pressure. The amount of pressure your optic nerve can handle is different for each person. Getting regular dilated eye exams helps your provider figure out what level of eye pressure is normal for you.\nWhat are the symptoms of glaucoma?\nOften there are no symptoms of glaucoma at first. Or symptoms may start so slowly that you may not notice them. Without treatment, you slowly lose your peripheral (side) vision. It may seem like you're looking through a tunnel. Over time, your straight-ahead vision may decrease until no vision remains.\nIf you have sudden symptoms of intense eye pain, blurry vision, red eyes, or an upset stomach (nausea), you need to go to your eye care provider or an emergency room right away. These could be symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma. This less common type of glaucoma causes fluid to build up quickly in your eye.\nHow is glaucoma diagnosed?\nA comprehensive eye exam can tell if you have glaucoma. This would include:\n• A dilated eye exam. This involves getting eye drops that dilate (widen) your pupils. This allows more light to enter your eye. Your eye care provider examines your eyes using a special magnifying lens. This provides a clear view of important tissues at the back of your eye to check for glaucoma or other eye problems. For a few hours after the exam your vision may be blurry and sensitive to light, so you will need someone to take you home.\n• Visual field testing. This check of your peripheral (side) vision allows your eye care provider to find out how well you can see objects off to the side of your vision without moving your eyes.\n• Tonometry. This measures the pressure inside your eye.\nIf you're at higher risk for glaucoma, you should get comprehensive eye exams every one to two years. You're at higher risk if you:\n• Are Black or African American and over age 40\n• Are over age 60, especially if you're Hispanic or Latino\n• Have a family history of glaucoma\nYou're also at higher risk if you have high blood pressure or diabetes and should get a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Talk with your provider about your risk and how often you should get your eyes checked.\nWhat are the treatments for glaucoma?\nEarly treatment can help protect your eyes against vision loss. There is no cure, but glaucoma can usually be controlled. Without treatment it can eventually cause blindness. Treatments can include:\n• Prescription eye drops are the most common treatment to lower the pressure in your eye and prevent damage to your optic nerve.\n• Other treatments may include oral medicines, laser treatment, and/or surgery.\nA combination of these treatments may be used to lower eye pressure and help drain the fluid out of your eye.\nCan glaucoma be prevented?\nThere is no way to prevent glaucoma. Eye exams can help find glaucoma or other eye problems before they can affect your vision. If you have glaucoma, be sure to continue with treatment to prevent your vision from getting worse.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Glaucoma","text":"¿Qué es el glaucoma?\nEl glaucoma es un grupo de enfermedades que pueden dañar el nervio óptico de uno o ambos ojos, lo que puede provocar pérdida de la visión. Existen distintos tipos de glaucoma, pero el más común es el de ángulo abierto. Otros tipos menos comunes son el de ángulo cerrado y el congénito.\nEs posible que no presente síntomas de glaucoma. Los exámenes de los ojos periódicos realizados por un profesional de la salud ocular pueden detectar la presencia de glaucoma y otros problemas de los ojos para ayudar a proteger su visión. Los tratamientos que reducen la presión ocular ayudan a retrasar la enfermedad. Sin tratamiento, el glaucoma puede acabar provocando ceguera.\n¿Qué causa el glaucoma?\nLos expertos médicos no están seguros sobre cuál es la causa del glaucoma, pero los tipos más comunes suelen producirse cuando la presión del líquido dentro del ojo aumenta lentamente, dañando el nervio óptico. Otros tipos de glaucoma pueden ser causados por afecciones médicas o un bebé puede nacer con la afección.\nNo todas las personas con presión ocular alta desarrollan glaucoma. Algunas personas pueden incluso presentarlo con una presión ocular normal. La cantidad de presión que puede soportar el nervio óptico es diferente para cada persona. Realizarse exámenes oculares con dilatación de pupilas regularmente ayuda a su profesional de la salud a averiguar el nivel de presión del ojo que es normal para usted.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del glaucoma?\nA menudo, al principio el glaucoma no presenta síntomas. O bien, los síntomas pueden comenzar tan lentamente que puede no notarlos. Sin tratamiento, usted pierde lentamente su visión periférica (lateral). Puede parecer que está mirando a través de un túnel. Con el tiempo, su visión frontal puede disminuir hasta no tener más visión.\nSi de repente tiene síntomas como dolor ocular intenso, visión borrosa, ojos rojos o malestar estomacal (náuseas), debe acudir a su profesional de la salud ocular o a una sala de emergencias de inmediato. Estos podrían ser síntomas de glaucoma de ángulo cerrado. Este tipo menos común de glaucoma hace que se acumule líquido rápidamente en el ojo.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el glaucoma?\nUn examen ocular completo puede determinar si tiene glaucoma. Esto incluye:\n• Examen ocular con dilatación de pupilas: Esto implica la aplicación de gotas para los ojos que dilatan (ensanchan) las pupilas, lo que permite que entre más luz en el ojo. Su profesional de la salud ocular examina los ojos con una lupa especial, lo que permite observar con claridad los tejidos importantes de la parte posterior del ojo para comprobar si tiene glaucoma u otros problemas oculares. Es posible que su visión sea borrosa y sensible a la luz por algunas horas después de su examen, por lo que necesitará que alguien lo lleve a su casa\n• Examen del campo visual: Esta comprobación de la visión periférica (lateral) permite a su profesional de la salud ocular u oftalmólogo averiguar qué tan bien puede ver los objetos que se encuentran a los costados de su campo visual sin mover los ojos\n• Tonometría: Esta prueba mide la presión dentro del ojo\nSi tiene un mayor riesgo de tener glaucoma, debe hacerse exámenes oculares completos cada uno o dos años. El riesgo es mayor si:\n• Es afrodescendiente y tiene más de 40 años\n• Tiene más de 60 años, especialmente si es hispano o latino\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de glaucoma\nSu riesgo también es mayor si tiene presión arterial alta o diabetes y debe hacerse un examen con dilatación de pupilas al menos una vez al año. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo y con qué frecuencia debe hacerse un examen de la vista.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el glaucoma?\nEl tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a proteger sus ojos contra la pérdida de la visión. Si bien el glaucoma no tiene cura, generalmente se puede controlar. Sin tratamiento, eventualmente puede causar ceguera. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Las gotas para los ojos recetadas son el tratamiento más común para reducir la presión en el ojo y prevenir daños en el nervio óptico\n• Otros tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos orales, tratamiento con láser y/o cirugía\nUna combinación de estos tratamientos se puede usar para reducir la presión ocular y ayudar a drenar el líquido del ojo.\n¿Se puede prevenir el glaucoma?\nNo hay forma de prevenir el glaucoma. Los exámenes oculares pueden ayudar a detectar el glaucoma u otros problemas de los ojos antes de que afecten su visión. Si tiene glaucoma, asegúrese de continuar con el tratamiento para evitar que su visión empeore.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0232","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-specified-optic-neuritis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-specified-optic-neuritis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H46","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Nevrită optică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب العصب البصري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět zrakového nervu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sehnerventzündung (Optikusneuritis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οπτική νευρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Neuritis óptica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Névrite optique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऑप्टिक न्यूराइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Látóideg-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Neurite ottica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"視神経炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시신경염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie nerwu wzrokowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Neurite ótica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неврит зрительного нерва","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal zrakového nervu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Optik nörit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Неврит зорового нерва","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"视神经炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Optic neuritis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Optic Nerve Disorders","text":"The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your retina) to your brain. Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss. The type of vision loss and how severe it is depends on where the damage occurs. It may affect one or both eyes.\nThere are many different types of optic nerve disorders, including:\n• Glaucoma is a group of diseases that are the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve.\n• Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. Causes include infections and immune-related illnesses such as multiple sclerosis. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\n• Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. Causes include poor blood flow to the eye, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances.\n• Optic nerve head drusen are pockets of protein and calcium salts that build up in the optic nerve over time\nContact your health care provider if you are having vision problems. Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and imaging tests. Treatment depends on which disorder that you have. With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. With others, there is no treatment, or treatment may only prevent further vision loss.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del nervio óptico","text":"El nervio óptico agrupa a más de un millón de fibras nerviosas que trasladan mensajes visuales. Este conecta la parte posterior de cada ojo (su retina) al cerebro. El daño al nervio óptico puede causar pérdida de la visión. El tipo de pérdida de la visión y su gravedad depende de dónde ocurra el daño. Puede afectar a uno o ambos ojos.\nHay muchos tipos diferentes de trastornos del nervio óptico, incluyendo:\n• Glaucoma: Grupo de enfermedades que son la principal causa de ceguera en los Estados Unidos. El glaucoma generalmente ocurre cuando la presión del líquido dentro del ojo se eleva lentamente y daña el nervio óptico\n• Neuritis óptica: Inflamación del nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen infecciones y enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema inmunitario, como la esclerosis múltiple. A veces la causa es desconocida\n• Atrofia del nervio óptico: Daño al nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen poco flujo sanguíneo al ojo, enfermedad, trauma o exposición a sustancias tóxicas\n• Drusas de la cabeza del nervio óptico: Bolsas de proteínas y sales de calcio que se acumulan en el nervio óptico a lo largo del tiempo\nComuníquese con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene problemas de visión. Las pruebas para los trastornos del nervio óptico pueden incluir exámenes del ojo, oftalmoscopia (un examen de la parte posterior del ojo) y pruebas de imagen. El tratamiento depende del trastorno que tenga. Algunos tratamientos para los trastornos del nervio óptico permiten recuperar su vista, pero para otros no hay tratamiento, o el tratamiento sólo puede prevenir una mayor pérdida de la visión.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0233","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-optic-nerve-and-visual-pathway-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-optic-nerve-and-visual-pathway-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H47","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other optic nerve and visual pathway disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale nervului optic și ale căilor vizuale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في العصب البصري والمسارات البصرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy zrakového nervu a zrakových drah","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Erkrankungen des Sehnervs und der Sehbahn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές του οπτικού νεύρου και των οπτικών οδών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos del nervio óptico y de las vías visuales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections du nerf optique et des voies optiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऑप्टिक तंत्रिका और दृश्य मार्ग के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A látóideg és a látópálya egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi del nervo ottico e delle vie visive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の視神経・視路の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 시신경 및 시각경로 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby nerwu wzrokowego i dróg wzrokowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios do nervo ótico e das vias visuais","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни зрительного нерва и зрительных путей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy zrakového nervu a zrakových dráh","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer optik sinir ve görme yolu bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби зорового нерва та зорових шляхів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他视神经和视觉通路疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Optic Nerve Disorders","text":"The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your retina) to your brain. Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss. The type of vision loss and how severe it is depends on where the damage occurs. It may affect one or both eyes.\nThere are many different types of optic nerve disorders, including:\n• Glaucoma is a group of diseases that are the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve.\n• Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. Causes include infections and immune-related illnesses such as multiple sclerosis. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\n• Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. Causes include poor blood flow to the eye, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances.\n• Optic nerve head drusen are pockets of protein and calcium salts that build up in the optic nerve over time\nContact your health care provider if you are having vision problems. Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and imaging tests. Treatment depends on which disorder that you have. With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. With others, there is no treatment, or treatment may only prevent further vision loss.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del nervio óptico","text":"El nervio óptico agrupa a más de un millón de fibras nerviosas que trasladan mensajes visuales. Este conecta la parte posterior de cada ojo (su retina) al cerebro. El daño al nervio óptico puede causar pérdida de la visión. El tipo de pérdida de la visión y su gravedad depende de dónde ocurra el daño. Puede afectar a uno o ambos ojos.\nHay muchos tipos diferentes de trastornos del nervio óptico, incluyendo:\n• Glaucoma: Grupo de enfermedades que son la principal causa de ceguera en los Estados Unidos. El glaucoma generalmente ocurre cuando la presión del líquido dentro del ojo se eleva lentamente y daña el nervio óptico\n• Neuritis óptica: Inflamación del nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen infecciones y enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema inmunitario, como la esclerosis múltiple. A veces la causa es desconocida\n• Atrofia del nervio óptico: Daño al nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen poco flujo sanguíneo al ojo, enfermedad, trauma o exposición a sustancias tóxicas\n• Drusas de la cabeza del nervio óptico: Bolsas de proteínas y sales de calcio que se acumulan en el nervio óptico a lo largo del tiempo\nComuníquese con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene problemas de visión. Las pruebas para los trastornos del nervio óptico pueden incluir exámenes del ojo, oftalmoscopia (un examen de la parte posterior del ojo) y pruebas de imagen. El tratamiento depende del trastorno que tenga. Algunos tratamientos para los trastornos del nervio óptico permiten recuperar su vista, pero para otros no hay tratamiento, o el tratamiento sólo puede prevenir una mayor pérdida de la visión.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0234","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"refractive-errors-short-sight-long-sight-astigmatism","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/refractive-errors-short-sight-long-sight-astigmatism","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H52","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9D0Z","display":"Disorders of refraction or accommodation, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1266833063/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1266833063/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Refractive errors (short sight, long sight, astigmatism)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vicii de refracție (miopie, hipermetropie, astigmatism)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أخطاء الانكسار (قصر النظر وطول النظر واللابؤرية)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Refrakční vady (krátkozrakost, dalekozrakost, astigmatismus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fehlsichtigkeit (Kurzsichtigkeit, Weitsichtigkeit, Astigmatismus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαθλαστικά σφάλματα (μυωπία, υπερμετρωπία, αστιγματισμός)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Errores de refracción (miopía, hipermetropía, astigmatismo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de la réfraction (myopie, hypermétropie, astigmatisme)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अपवर्तन दोष (निकट दृष्टि, दूर दृष्टि, दृष्टिवैषम्य)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fénytörési hibák (rövidlátás, távollátás, asztigmia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difetti di rifrazione (miopia, ipermetropia, astigmatismo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"屈折異常（近視・遠視・乱視）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"굴절이상(근시, 원시, 난시)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wady refrakcji (krótkowzroczność, nadwzroczność, astygmatyzm)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Erros de refração (miopia, hipermetropia, astigmatismo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения рефракции (близорукость, дальнозоркость, астигматизм)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Refrakčné chyby (krátkozrakosť, ďalekozrakosť, astigmatizmus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kırma kusurları (miyopi, hipermetropi, astigmatizma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення рефракції (короткозорість, далекозорість, астигматизм)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"屈光不正（近视、远视、散光）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Refractive Errors","text":"What are refractive errors?\nThe cornea and lens of your eye bend (refract) light rays to focus them on the retina. Refractive errors happen when the shape of your eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina. This causes blurry vision. Changes in the eye's shape affect how light rays bend and focus, leading to vision problems.\nWhat causes refractive errors?\nRefractive errors can happen when:\n• The eyeball is too long or too short.\n• The cornea changes shape.\n• The lens becomes less flexible as you age.\nEach type of refractive error is different, but they all make it hard to see clearly.\nWhat are common refractive errors?\nFour common types of refractive errors include:\n• Nearsightedness (myopia), blurred vision when looking at faraway objects.\n• Farsightedness (hyperopia), blurred vision when looking at close-up objects.\n• Astigmatism, blurred or distorted vision at all distances, which can make night vision harder.\n• Presbyopia, difficulty seeing things up close because the lens becomes less flexible with age. It affects adults in middle age and older and often begins around age 45.\nWho is at risk for refractive errors?\nAnyone can have refractive errors. It's the most common type of vision problem. You may be more likely to have one if other family members wear glasses or contact lenses.\nMost types of refractive errors start in childhood or are present at birth. Presbyopia is different. Nearly everyone develops it as they age, typically starting around age 45.\nWhat are the symptoms of refractive errors?\nSometimes you may not notice vision changes right away, which is why regular eye exams are so important.\nThe most common symptom is blurred vision. Other symptoms may include:\n• Double vision\n• Haziness\n• Glare or halos around bright lights\n• A need to squint to see clearly\n• Headaches\n• Eye strain or tired eyes\n• Difficulty focusing when reading or using a computer\nIf you already wear glasses or contact lenses and notice these symptoms, you may need a new prescription. Tell your eye care specialist if your vision changes or if you have problems with your glasses or contact lenses\nHow are refractive errors diagnosed?\nAn eye care specialist can diagnose refractive errors during a comprehensive eye exam. You'll be tested to see how well you can see at different distances, both with and without corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses). Your provider may also use special eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupils to check for other eye conditions.\nDifferent eye care specialists may be involved in your care. Here are some of the most common:\n• Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who treat eye diseases, prescribe glasses or contact lenses, and perform eye surgery.\n• Optometrists perform eye exams, diagnose vision problems, and prescribe glasses or contact lenses.\n• Opticians fit or adjust glasses or contact lenses based on a prescription from your eye care specialist.\nHow are refractive errors treated?\nRefractive errors are usually easy to correct with:\n• Glasses\n• Contact lenses\n• Laser eye surgery, in some cases\nYour eye care specialist can help choose the best treatment for your vision and lifestyle.\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Errores de refracción","text":"¿Qué son los errores de refracción?\nLa córnea y el cristalino de su ojo curvan (hacen una refracción) a los rayos de luz para que la retina se enfoque en ellos. Los errores ocurren cuando la forma de su ojo no permite que la luz se enfoque correctamente en la retina. Esto causa visión borrosa. Los cambios en la forma del ojo afectan cómo los rayos de luz se curvan y se enfocan, lo cual lleva a problemas de visión.\n¿Qué causa los errores de refracción?\nLos errores de refracción pueden ocurrir cuando:\n• El globo ocular es muy largo o muy corto\n• Ocurren cambios en la forma de la córnea\n• El cristalino se vuelve menos flexible a medida que usted envejece\nCada tipo de error ocular es diferente, pero todos hacen que sea muy difícil ver claramente.\n¿Cuáles son los errores de refracción más comunes?\nLos cuatro errores de refracción más comunes incluyen:\n• Miopía o vista corta: visión borrosa cuando se observan objetos a distancia\n• Hipermetropía o hiperopía:, blurred vision when looking at close-up objects.\n• Astigmatismo: visión borrosa o distorsionada en todas las distancias, que puede hacer que ver de noche sea difícil\n• Presbicia: dificultad para ver de cerca porque el cristalino se vuelve menos flexible con la edad. Afecta a los adultos en la edad mediana y mayores. Suele comenzar alrededor de los 45 años.\n¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de experimentar errores de refracción?\nCualquier persona puede tener errores de refracción. Es el tipo de problema de visión más común. Usted podría ser más propenso a tener uno si otro miembro de su familia utiliza anteojos o lentes de contacto.\nLa mayoría de los errores de refracción comienzan en la niñez o están presentes en el nacimiento. La presbicia es distinta ya que casi todas las personas la desarrollan al envejecer, con frecuencia comenzando alrededor de los 45 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los errores de refracción?\nEn ocasiones usted podría no notar cambios en la visión de forma inmediata y por eso son muy importantes los exámenes visuales regulares.\nEl síntoma más común es la visión borrosa. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Visión doble\n• Nebulosas\n• Deslumbramiento o halos alrededor de luces brillantes\n• Necesidad de entrecerrar los ojos para ver claramente\n• Dolores de cabeza\n• Fatiga visual\n• Dificultad para enfocar al leer o utilizar una computadora\nSi usted ya utiliza anteojos o lentes de contacto y nota estos síntomas, podría necesitar una nueva prescripción. Infórmele a su especialista en cuidado de los ojos si su visión cambia o si tiene problemas con sus anteojos o lentes de contacto.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los errores de refracción?\nUn especialista en cuidado de los ojos puede diagnosticar errores de refracción durante un examen ocular profundo. Se le harán pruebas para evaluar qué tan bien puede ver a distintas distancias, con y sin lentes correctivos, bien sean anteojos o lentes de contacto. Su proveedor también podría utilizar gotas oculares especiales para dilatar (expandir) su pupila y así poder revisar otras condiciones de los ojos.\nDistintos especialistas en cuidado de los ojos podrían brindarle atención. A continuación, algunos de los más comunes:\n• Oftalmólogos: son médicos que tratan las enfermedades de los ojos, prescriben anteojos o lentes de contacto y pueden realizar cirugías oculares\n• Optometristas: realizan exámenes de los ojos, diagnostican problemas de visión y prescriben anteojos o lentes de contacto\n• Ópticos: ajusta anteojos o lentes de contacto de acuerdo con la prescripción de su especialista en cuidado de los ojos\n¿Cómo se tratan los errores de refracción?\nLos errores de refracción son usualmente fáciles de corregir con:\n• Anteojos\n• Lentes de contacto\n• Cirugía láser en los ojos, en algunos casos\nSu especialista en cuidado de los ojos puede ayudarle a elegir el mejor tratamiento para su visión y estilo de vida.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0235","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"visual-impairment-and-blindness","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/visual-impairment-and-blindness","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H54","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Visual impairment and blindness","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deficiență de vedere și orbire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ضعف البصر والعمى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zrakové postižení a slepota","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sehbehinderung und Blindheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οπτική αναπηρία και τύφλωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Discapacidad visual y ceguera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Déficience visuelle et cécité","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दृष्टिहीनता और अंधापन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Látáskárosodás és vakság","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disabilità visiva e cecità","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"視覚障害と失明","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시각장애 및 실명","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Upośledzenie widzenia i ślepota","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deficiência visual e cegueira","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушение зрения и слепота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zrakové postihnutie a slepota","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Görme bozukluğu ve körlük","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення зору та сліпота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"视力损害和失明","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vision Impairment and Blindness","text":"What is vision impairment?\nVision impairment is the loss of vision. It includes blindness, which means that you have lost all or most of your sight. It also includes low vision, which means you have some vision, but the vision loss makes it hard to do everyday activities. You may have trouble reading, shopping, cooking, writing, and watching TV. Low vision can't be fixed with glasses, contact lenses, medicine, or surgery.\nWhat causes vision impairment?\nAging doesn't cause vision loss on its own. But many diseases that are more common in older adults can cause it. The leading causes of low vision and blindness in the United States are age-related eye diseases such as macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. Other eye disorders, eye injuries, and birth defects can also cause vision loss.\nHow is vision impairment diagnosed?\nVision impairment is diagnosed with a dilated eye exam. Early warning signs of a vision problem can include not being able to see well enough to:\n• Do everyday tasks like reading and driving\n• Recognize people's faces\n• Tell the difference between colors\n• See the television or computer screen clearly\nYou can have these symptoms even though you are wearing glasses or contacts.\nWhat are the types of low vision?\nThere are several types of low vision. Which type you have depends on the condition that caused your low vision.\nCommon types of low vision include:\n• Central vision loss (not being able to see things in the center of your vision)\n• Peripheral (side) vision loss (not being able to see things out of the corners of your eyes)\n• Night blindness (not being able to see in low light)\n• Blurry or hazy vision\nWhat are the treatments for low vision?\nLow vision is permanent. Glasses, medicine, and surgery can't cure low vision. But sometimes they can improve your vision, help you do everyday activities more easily, or keep your remaining vision.\nYour treatment options will depend on the condition that caused your low vision. Ask your eye doctor which treatments might help you. They may recommend vision aids or vision rehabilitation, which might make everyday activities easier.\nVision rehabilitation teaches you how to live with your vision loss. It may include:\n• Showing you how to use a magnifying device or screen readers for reading\n• Helping you set up your home so you can move around more easily\n• Employment and job training\n• Assistive devices, like lighting and reading stands\nYour provider may suggest other resources, such as transportation and household services, to help you cope with your vision loss.\nHow can I make the most of my remaining sight?\nThe sooner vision loss or eye disease is found and treated, the greater your chances of keeping your remaining vision. Whatever the cause, lost vision cannot be restored. But it can be managed. A loss of vision means you may have to reorganize your life and learn new ways of doing things. Your provider may make suggestions to help make life easier. These may include:\nIf you have some vision:\n• Visual aids such as magnifiers\n• Telescopic glasses or monoculars for seeing distance\n• Large print books\n• Clocks with larger numbers\n• Brighter lights\n• Anti-glare sunglasses or glare shields\nIf you have no vision (blindness):\n• Devices like text-reading software and braille books\nCan vision impairment be prevented?\nYou can help take care of your vision by:\n• Having regular comprehensive eye exams by an eye care professional\n• Wearing sunglasses and protective eyewear to protect your eyes\n• Making lifestyle changes to lower your risk of health conditions that can cause vision problems:\n• Getting regular physical activity\n• Staying at a healthy weight\n• Quitting smoking (or not starting)\n• Eating a healthy diet\nNIH: National Eye Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas y pérdida de la visión","text":"¿Qué son los problemas de la visión?\nLos problemas de la visión (o discapacidad visual) es la pérdida de la visión. Incluye ceguera, lo que significa que ha perdido toda o la mayor parte de la vista. También incluye baja visión, lo que significa que tiene algo de visión, pero la pérdida de la visión le dificulta hacer sus tareas diarias. Puede tener problemas para leer, hacer compras, cocinar, escribir y mirar televisión. La baja visión no se puede corregir con anteojos, lentes de contacto, medicamentos o cirugía.\n¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas de la visión?\nEl envejecimiento no causa pérdida de la visión por sí solo. Pero muchas enfermedades comunes en las personas mayores pueden causarla. Las principales causas de baja visión y ceguera en los Estados Unidos son las enfermedades del ojo relacionadas con la edad, como la degeneración macular, las cataratas y el glaucoma. Otras enfermedades de los ojos, lesiones oculares y defectos congénitos también pueden causar pérdida de la visión.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas de la visión?\nLos problemas de la visión se diagnostican con un examen ocular con dilatación de pupilas. Los primeros signos de advertencia de un problema de la vista pueden incluir no poder ver lo suficientemente bien para:\n• Realizar tareas cotidianas como leer y conducir\n• Reconocer las caras de las personas\n• Distinguir los colores\n• Ver la pantalla de televisión o computadora con claridad\nPuede tener estos síntomas incluso si usa anteojos o lentes de contacto.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de baja visión?\nExisten varios tipos de baja visión. El tipo que tenga depende de la afección que causó su baja visión.\nLos tipos comunes de baja visión incluyen:\n• Pérdida de la visión central (no poder ver cosas en el centro de su campo visual)\n• Pérdida de la visión periférica (de lado, es decir, no poder ver cosas con el rabillo del ojo)\n• Ceguera nocturna (no poder ver con poca luz)\n• Visión borrosa o nublada\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la baja visión?\nLa baja visión es permanente. Los anteojos, los medicamentos y la cirugía no pueden curarla. Pero, en ocasiones, pueden mejorar su visión, ayudarle a hacer sus tareas diarias más fácilmente o conservar lo que queda de su visión.\nSus opciones de tratamiento dependen de la afección que causó su baja visión. Consulte con su oftalmólogo (oculista) qué tratamientos podrían ayudarle. Es posible que le recomiende ayudas visuales o rehabilitación visual, que podrían hacer más fáciles sus actividades cotidianas.\nLa rehabilitación visual le enseña cómo vivir con su pérdida de visión. Puede incluir:\n• Mostrarle cómo usar un dispositivo de aumento o lectores de pantalla para leer\n• Ayudar a organizar su hogar para que pueda moverse con más facilidad\n• Empleo y capacitación laboral\n• Dispositivos de asistencia, como iluminación y soportes de lectura\nSu profesional de la salud puede sugerir otros recursos, como transporte y servicios domésticos, para ayudarle a lidiar con su pérdida de visión.\n¿Cómo puedo aprovechar al máximo la visión que me queda?\nCuanto antes se detecte y se trate la pérdida de visión o la enfermedad de los ojos, mayores serán sus posibilidades de conservar lo que queda de su visión. Cualquiera sea la causa, la pérdida de visión no se puede recuperar. Pero es posible controlarla. La pérdida de visión significa que es posible que deba reorganizar su vida y aprender nuevas formas de hacer las cosas. Su proveedor de atención médica puede hacerle sugerencias para facilitarle la vida, incluyendo:\nSi tiene algo de visión:\n• Ayudas visuales como lupas\n• Anteojos telescópicos o monoculares para ver a distancia\n• Libros con letras grandes\n• Relojes con números más grandes\n• Luces más brillantes\n• Anteojos de sol antideslumbrantes o protectores contra el deslumbramiento\nSi no tiene visión (ceguera):\n• Dispositivos como software de lectura de textos y libros en braille\n¿Se puede prevenir la pérdida de la visión?\nPara cuidar su visión:\n• Hágase exámenes oculares completos regulares realizados por un profesional del cuidado de los ojos\n• Use anteojos de sol y gafas protectoras para proteger sus ojos\n• Haga cambios en su estilo de vida para reducir el riesgo de tener afecciones de salud que pueden causar problemas de visión:\n• Haga actividad física regularmente\n• Mantenga un peso saludable\n• Deje de fumar (o no empiece a fumar)\n• Siga una dieta saludable\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0236","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"balance-disorders-of-the-inner-ear-vestibular-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/balance-disorders-of-the-inner-ear-vestibular-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H81","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Balance disorders of the inner ear (vestibular disorders)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări vestibulare (de echilibru)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الدهليز (التوازن)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy vestibulárního ústrojí (rovnováhy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gleichgewichtsstörungen des Innenohrs (vestibuläre Störungen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αιθουσαίες διαταραχές (ισορροπίας)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos vestibulares (del equilibrio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles vestibulaires (de l'équilibre)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंतरिक कान के संतुलन विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A belső fül egyensúlyzavarai (vesztibuláris zavarok)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi vestibolari (dell'equilibrio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"前庭機能障害（平衡障害）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전정기능 장애(평형장애)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia przedsionkowe (równowagi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios vestibulares (do equilíbrio)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вестибулярные расстройства","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy vestibulárneho aparátu (rovnováhy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vestibüler (denge) bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вестибулярні розлади","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"前庭功能障碍（平衡障碍）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Balance Problems","text":"Have you ever felt dizzy, lightheaded, or as if the room is spinning around you? If the feeling happens often, it could be a sign of a balance problem. Balance problems can make you feel unsteady. You may also have blurred vision, confusion, and disorientation. They are one cause of falls and fall-related injuries, such as a hip fracture (broken hip).\nSome balance problems are due to problems in the inner ear. Others may involve another part of the body, such as the brain or the heart. Aging, infections, head injury, certain medicines, or problems with blood circulation may also cause balance problems.\nIt is important to see your doctor about balance problems. They can be a sign of other health problems, such as an ear infection or a stroke. Your doctor may send you to a specialist for a diagnosis. You may need a hearing test, blood tests, or imaging studies of your head and brain. Other possible tests look at your eye movements, and how your body responds to movement.\nIn some cases, treating the illness that is causing the disorder will help with the balance problem. Exercises, a change in diet, and some medicines also can help.\nNIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas de equilibrio","text":"¿Se ha sentido mareado, aturdido o como si la habitación estuviera dando vueltas a su alrededor? Si esta sensación le sucede a menudo, puede ser un signo de un problema de equilibrio. Los problemas de equilibrio pueden hacer que usted se sienta inestable. También puede tener visión borrosa, confusión y desorientación. Es una causa de caídas y lesiones, como fractura de cadera.\nAlgunos problemas de equilibrio se deben a problemas en el oído interno, otros pueden estar relacionados con diferentes partes del cuerpo como el cerebro o el corazón. El envejecimiento, las infecciones, las lesiones en la cabeza, ciertos medicamentos o alteraciones en la circulación de la sangre pueden causar problemas de equilibrio.\nEs importante consultar a un médico si tiene problemas de equilibrio. Estos pueden ser señales de otros problemas de salud, como una infección de oído o un derrame cerebral. Su médico puede referirlo a un especialista para el diagnóstico. Es posible que necesite una prueba de audición, análisis de sangre o estudios de imagen de la cabeza y el cerebro. Otras pruebas posibles observarán sus movimientos oculares, y cómo su cuerpo responde al movimiento.\nEn algunos casos, el tratamiento de la enfermedad que está causando el desorden le ayudará con el problema de equilibrio. Los ejercicios, un cambio en la dieta y algunos medicamentos también pueden ayudar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0237","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"hearing-loss-conductive-and-sensorineural","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/hearing-loss-conductive-and-sensorineural","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H90","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"AB51.Z","display":"Acquired hearing impairment, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/500439897/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#500439897/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hearing loss (conductive and sensorineural)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pierdere de auz (de transmisie și neurosenzorială)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فقدان السمع (التوصيلي والحسي العصبي)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ztráta sluchu (převodní a percepční)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schwerhörigkeit (Schallleitungs- und Schallempfindungsschwerhörigkeit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απώλεια ακοής (αγωγιμότητας και νευροαισθητήρια)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pérdida auditiva (conductiva y neurosensorial)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Perte auditive (de transmission et neurosensorielle)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्रवण हानि (चालन और संवेदी-तंत्रिका)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Halláscsökkenés (vezetéses és idegi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Perdita dell'udito (trasmissiva e neurosensoriale)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"難聴（伝音難聴・感音難聴）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"난청(전음성 및 감각신경성)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedosłuch (przewodzeniowy i odbiorczy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Perda auditiva (condutiva e neurossensorial)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тугоухость (кондуктивная и нейросенсорная)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Strata sluchu (prevodová a percepčná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İşitme kaybı (iletim ve sensörinöral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Приглухуватість (кондуктивна та нейросенсорна)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"听力损失（传导性和感音神经性）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hearing Disorders and Deafness","text":"It's frustrating to be unable to hear well enough to enjoy talking with friends or family. Hearing disorders make it hard, but not impossible, to hear. They can often be helped. Deafness can keep you from hearing sound at all.\nWhat causes hearing loss? Some possibilities are:\n• Heredity\n• Diseases such as ear infections and meningitis\n• Trauma\n• Certain medicines\n• Long-term exposure to loud noise\n• Aging\nThere are two main types of hearing loss. One happens when your inner ear or auditory nerve is damaged. This type is usually permanent. The other kind happens when sound waves cannot reach your inner ear. Earwax buildup, fluid, or a punctured eardrum can cause it. Treatment or surgery can often reverse this kind of hearing loss.\nUntreated, hearing problems can get worse. If you have trouble hearing, you can get help. Possible treatments include hearing aids, cochlear implants, special training, certain medicines, and surgery.\nNIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas de la audición y sordera","text":"Es frustrante no poder escuchar bien como para poder disfrutar de una charla con amigos o con la familia. Los trastornos de la audición dificultan escuchar, pero no lo hacen imposible. Muchas veces mejoran con ayuda. La sordera puede impedir totalmente que escuche.\n¿Qué causa la pérdida de audición? Algunas posibilidades son:\n• Antecedentes familiares\n• Enfermedades como las infecciones de oído y la meningitis\n• Trauma\n• Algunas medicinas\n• Exponerse mucho tiempo a ruidos fuertes\n• Envejecimiento\nExisten dos tipos principales de pérdida de audición. Uno ocurre cuando hay una lesión en el oído interno o en el nervio auditivo. Este tipo es usualmente permanente. El otro tipo ocurre cuando las ondas de sonido no pueden llegar al oído interno. Eso puede producirse por acumulación de cera o líquido o por la perforación del tímpano. Tratamiento o cirugía pueden revertir este tipo de pérdida de la audición.\nCuando los problemas auditivos no se tratan, pueden empeorar. Si tiene problemas con la audición puede obtener ayuda. Entre los posibles tratamientos se incluyen el uso de audífonos, implantes cocleares, capacitación especial, algunas medicinas y cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0238","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"disorders-with-hearing-impairment-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/disorders-with-hearing-impairment-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H91","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"AB5Z","display":"Disorders with hearing impairment, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/601591344/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#601591344/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte forme de pierdere a auzului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أنواع أخرى من فقدان السمع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná ztráta sluchu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Hörverluste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλη απώλεια ακοής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras pérdidas auditivas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres pertes auditives","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य श्रवण हानि","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb halláscsökkenés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre perdite dell'udito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の難聴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 난청","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne postacie niedosłuchu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras perdas auditivas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другая потеря слуха","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iná strata sluchu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer işitme kaybı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інша втрата слуху","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他听力损失","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other hearing loss","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hearing Disorders and Deafness","text":"It's frustrating to be unable to hear well enough to enjoy talking with friends or family. Hearing disorders make it hard, but not impossible, to hear. They can often be helped. Deafness can keep you from hearing sound at all.\nWhat causes hearing loss? Some possibilities are:\n• Heredity\n• Diseases such as ear infections and meningitis\n• Trauma\n• Certain medicines\n• Long-term exposure to loud noise\n• Aging\nThere are two main types of hearing loss. One happens when your inner ear or auditory nerve is damaged. This type is usually permanent. The other kind happens when sound waves cannot reach your inner ear. Earwax buildup, fluid, or a punctured eardrum can cause it. Treatment or surgery can often reverse this kind of hearing loss.\nUntreated, hearing problems can get worse. If you have trouble hearing, you can get help. Possible treatments include hearing aids, cochlear implants, special training, certain medicines, and surgery.\nNIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas de la audición y sordera","text":"Es frustrante no poder escuchar bien como para poder disfrutar de una charla con amigos o con la familia. Los trastornos de la audición dificultan escuchar, pero no lo hacen imposible. Muchas veces mejoran con ayuda. La sordera puede impedir totalmente que escuche.\n¿Qué causa la pérdida de audición? Algunas posibilidades son:\n• Antecedentes familiares\n• Enfermedades como las infecciones de oído y la meningitis\n• Trauma\n• Algunas medicinas\n• Exponerse mucho tiempo a ruidos fuertes\n• Envejecimiento\nExisten dos tipos principales de pérdida de audición. Uno ocurre cuando hay una lesión en el oído interno o en el nervio auditivo. Este tipo es usualmente permanente. El otro tipo ocurre cuando las ondas de sonido no pueden llegar al oído interno. Eso puede producirse por acumulación de cera o líquido o por la perforación del tímpano. Tratamiento o cirugía pueden revertir este tipo de pérdida de la audición.\nCuando los problemas auditivos no se tratan, pueden empeorar. Si tiene problemas con la audición puede obtener ayuda. Entre los posibles tratamientos se incluyen el uso de audífonos, implantes cocleares, capacitación especial, algunas medicinas y cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0239","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rheumatic-fever-without-heart-involvement","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rheumatic-fever-without-heart-involvement","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I00","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rheumatic fever without heart involvement","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Reumatism articular acut fără afectare cardiacă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمى الروماتيزمية دون إصابة القلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Revmatická horečka bez postižení srdce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rheumatisches Fieber ohne Herzbeteiligung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρευματικός πυρετός χωρίς καρδιακή προσβολή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre reumática sin afectación cardíaca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rhumatisme articulaire aigu sans atteinte cardiaque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय की भागीदारी के बिना आमवाती ज्वर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Reumás láz szívérintettség nélkül","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre reumatica senza interessamento cardiaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心臓病変を伴わないリウマチ熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심장 침범이 없는 류마티스열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gorączka reumatyczna bez zajęcia serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre reumática sem envolvimento cardíaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ревматическая лихорадка без поражения сердца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Reumatická horúčka bez postihnutia srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp tutulumu olmayan akut romatizmal ateş","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ревматична гарячка без ураження серця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"未累及心脏的风湿热","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Streptococcal Infections","text":"What are streptococcal infections?\nStrep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria that often lives in your nose and throat. Most strep infections are mild, but some may become serious depending on your overall health.\nThere are several types of strep. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.\nHow do streptococcal infections spread?\nThere are different ways that streptococcal infections may spread:\n• Group A strep can be spread from a person who has the infection, even if they don't feel sick, when:\n• They cough or sneeze\n• You share a glass or utensil with them\n• You touch something with the bacteria on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose\n• You touch their open wound or sore\n• Group B strep can be passed to a newborn through fluids during a vaginal birth\nWho is more likely to get a streptococcal infection?\n• Group A strep infections are most common in children ages 5 to 15, but adults can get them too. You may be at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system, open sores or wounds, or certain viral infections such as a cold or flu.\n• Group B strep is most often a concern for newborns. Adults can also get group B strep infections, especially those 65 or older or who already have other health problems.\nWhat are the symptoms of streptococcal infections?\nSymptoms depend on the type of infection. Most group A strep infections are mild, but some can be serious.\nGroup A strep may cause:\n• Strep throat. A sore, red throat. Your tonsils may be swollen and have white spots on them.\n• Scarlet fever. An illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash that spreads across the body.\n• Impetigo. A skin infection that causes sores or blisters, often around the mouth, nose, or on the arms and legs.\n• Cellulitis. A skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and pain, usually on the legs.\n• Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease). A rare but serious infection that spreads quickly through the skin and tissue.\n• Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. A rare but life-threatening illness where the bacteria release toxins that can cause organ failure.\nGroup B strep may cause:\n• Blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns\n• Urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections, and pneumonia in adults\nHow are streptococcal infections diagnosed?\nGroup A strep. How strep is diagnosed depends on the type of infection. Your healthcare provider will usually diagnose strep throat with a rapid test or a throat culture. Other strep infections may require a physical exam, lab tests, imaging, or in some cases, surgery.\nGroup B strep. If you are pregnant, your provider will typically screen you for group B strep around 36 to 37 weeks.\nWhat are the treatments for streptococcal infections?\nYour treatment will depend on the type of infection:\n• Group A strep infections often go away on their own after about a week. If you need treatment, your provider will likely prescribe antibiotics. More serious (invasive) group A strep infections may require you to receive antibiotics in a hospital. Without treatment, these infections can lead to serious health problems.\n• Group B strep infections in pregnant women are treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor to protect the newborn. Adults with group B strep infections are also treated with antibiotics.\nCan streptococcal infections be prevented?\nYou can help prevent some group A strep infections by practicing good hygiene habits, including:\n• Avoiding close contact with someone who has an infection\n• Washing your hands often with soap and water\n• Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze\nTo help prevent group B strep infections in newborns, you should get screened during pregnancy. If you test positive, antibiotics given during labor can protect your baby.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por estreptococo","text":"¿Qué son las infecciones por estreptococo?\nStrep es la abreviatura de Streptococcus, un tipo de bacteria que suele vivir en la nariz y la garganta. La mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococo son leves, pero algunas pueden volverse graves, dependiendo de su estado de salud general.\nHay varios tipos. Dos de ellos causan la mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococos en las personas: el grupo A y el grupo B.\n¿Cómo se propagan las infecciones por estreptococo?\nHay diferentes formas en que pueden propagarse las infecciones por estreptococos:\n• Estreptococo del grupo A: Puede transmitirse de una persona portadora de la infección, incluso si no se siente enferma, cuando:\n• La persona con la infección tose o estornuda\n• Usted comparte un vaso o un utensilio con la persona que tiene la infección\n• Usted toca algo que tenga la bacteria y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz\n• Usted toca una herida abierta o una llaga de la persona con la infección\n• Estreptococo del grupo B: Puede transmitirse a un recién nacido a través de los fluidos durante el parto vaginal\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer una infección por estreptococo?\n• Las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A son más frecuentes en niños de 5 a 15 años, pero los adultos también pueden contraerlas. Usted puede correr un mayor riesgo si tiene el sistema inmunitario debilitado, llagas o heridas abiertas, o ciertas infecciones virales como un resfriado o la gripe\n• El estreptococo del grupo B suele ser motivo de preocupación principalmente en los recién nacidos. Los adultos también pueden contraer infecciones por estreptococo del grupo B, especialmente aquellos de 65 años o más o quienes ya tienen otros problemas de salud\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por estreptococo?\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. La mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A son leves, pero algunas pueden ser graves.\nEl estreptococo del grupo A puede causar:\n• Faringitis estreptocócica: Dolor y enrojecimiento de la garganta. Las amígdalas pueden estar inflamadas y presentar manchas blancas\n• Escarlatina: Una enfermedad que aparece después de la faringitis estreptocócica. Provoca un sarpullido rojo que se extiende por todo el cuerpo\n• Impétigo: Una infección cutánea que causa llagas o ampollas, a menudo alrededor de la boca y la nariz, o en los brazos y las piernas\n• Celulitis: Una infección de la piel que causa enrojecimiento, hinchazón y dolor, generalmente en las piernas\n• Fascitis necrosante (enfermedad \"comecarne\"): Una infección poco frecuente pero grave que se propaga rápidamente por la piel y los tejidos\n• Síndrome de choque tóxico estreptocócico: Una enfermedad poco frecuente pero potencialmente mortal en la que las bacterias liberan toxinas que pueden provocar insuficiencia orgánica\nEl estreptococo del grupo B puede causar:\n• Infecciones de la sangre, neumonía y meningitis en recién nacidos\n• Infecciones de las vías urinarias, infecciones de la sangre, infecciones de la piel y neumonía en adultos\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por estreptococo?\nEstreptococo del grupo A: El diagnóstico de la infección por estreptococo depende del tipo de infección. Su proveedor de cuidado médico generalmente diagnosticará la faringitis estreptocócica con una prueba rápida o un cultivo de garganta. Otras infecciones por estreptococo pueden requerir un examen físico, pruebas de laboratorio, pruebas por imágenes o, en algunos casos, cirugía.\nEstreptococo del grupo B: Si está embarazada, su profesional de la salud generalmente le realizará una prueba de estreptococos del grupo B entre las semanas 36 y 37.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por estreptococo?\nEl tratamiento dependerá del tipo de infección:\n• Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A suelen desaparecer por sí solas después de aproximadamente una semana. Si necesita tratamiento, es probable que su médico le recete antibióticos. Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A más graves (invasivas) pueden requerir que reciba antibióticos en un hospital. Sin tratamiento, estas infecciones pueden provocar problemas de salud graves\n• Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B en mujeres embarazadas se tratan con antibióticos intravenosos (IV) durante el parto para proteger al recién nacido. Los adultos con infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B también reciben tratamiento con antibióticos\n¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por estreptococo?\nUsted puede ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A mediante buenos hábitos de higiene, tales como:\n• Evitar el contacto cercano con alguien que sepa que tenga la infección\n• Lavarse las manos frecuentemente con agua y jabón\n• Cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar\nPara ayudar a prevenir las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo B en los recién nacidos, debe hacerse una prueba de detección durante el embarazo. Si el resultado es positivo, los antibióticos administrados durante el parto pueden proteger a su bebé.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0240","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-rheumatic-heart-disease-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-rheumatic-heart-disease-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I01","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Reumatism articular acut cu afectare cardiacă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمى الروماتيزمية مع إصابة القلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Revmatická horečka s postižením srdce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rheumatisches Fieber mit Herzbeteiligung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρευματικός πυρετός με καρδιακή προσβολή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre reumática con afectación cardíaca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rhumatisme articulaire aigu avec atteinte cardiaque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय की भागीदारी के साथ आमवाती ज्वर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Reumás láz szívérintettséggel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre reumatica con interessamento cardiaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心臓病変を伴うリウマチ熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심장 침범이 있는 류마티스열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gorączka reumatyczna z zajęciem serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre reumática com envolvimento cardíaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ревматическая лихорадка с поражением сердца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Reumatická horúčka s postihnutím srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp tutulumlu akut romatizmal ateş","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ревматична гарячка з ураженням серця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"累及心脏的风湿热","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rheumatic fever with heart involvement","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Streptococcal Infections","text":"What are streptococcal infections?\nStrep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria that often lives in your nose and throat. Most strep infections are mild, but some may become serious depending on your overall health.\nThere are several types of strep. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.\nHow do streptococcal infections spread?\nThere are different ways that streptococcal infections may spread:\n• Group A strep can be spread from a person who has the infection, even if they don't feel sick, when:\n• They cough or sneeze\n• You share a glass or utensil with them\n• You touch something with the bacteria on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose\n• You touch their open wound or sore\n• Group B strep can be passed to a newborn through fluids during a vaginal birth\nWho is more likely to get a streptococcal infection?\n• Group A strep infections are most common in children ages 5 to 15, but adults can get them too. You may be at higher risk if you have a weakened immune system, open sores or wounds, or certain viral infections such as a cold or flu.\n• Group B strep is most often a concern for newborns. Adults can also get group B strep infections, especially those 65 or older or who already have other health problems.\nWhat are the symptoms of streptococcal infections?\nSymptoms depend on the type of infection. Most group A strep infections are mild, but some can be serious.\nGroup A strep may cause:\n• Strep throat. A sore, red throat. Your tonsils may be swollen and have white spots on them.\n• Scarlet fever. An illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash that spreads across the body.\n• Impetigo. A skin infection that causes sores or blisters, often around the mouth, nose, or on the arms and legs.\n• Cellulitis. A skin infection that causes redness, swelling, and pain, usually on the legs.\n• Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease). A rare but serious infection that spreads quickly through the skin and tissue.\n• Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. A rare but life-threatening illness where the bacteria release toxins that can cause organ failure.\nGroup B strep may cause:\n• Blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns\n• Urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections, and pneumonia in adults\nHow are streptococcal infections diagnosed?\nGroup A strep. How strep is diagnosed depends on the type of infection. Your healthcare provider will usually diagnose strep throat with a rapid test or a throat culture. Other strep infections may require a physical exam, lab tests, imaging, or in some cases, surgery.\nGroup B strep. If you are pregnant, your provider will typically screen you for group B strep around 36 to 37 weeks.\nWhat are the treatments for streptococcal infections?\nYour treatment will depend on the type of infection:\n• Group A strep infections often go away on their own after about a week. If you need treatment, your provider will likely prescribe antibiotics. More serious (invasive) group A strep infections may require you to receive antibiotics in a hospital. Without treatment, these infections can lead to serious health problems.\n• Group B strep infections in pregnant women are treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor to protect the newborn. Adults with group B strep infections are also treated with antibiotics.\nCan streptococcal infections be prevented?\nYou can help prevent some group A strep infections by practicing good hygiene habits, including:\n• Avoiding close contact with someone who has an infection\n• Washing your hands often with soap and water\n• Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze\nTo help prevent group B strep infections in newborns, you should get screened during pregnancy. If you test positive, antibiotics given during labor can protect your baby.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por estreptococo","text":"¿Qué son las infecciones por estreptococo?\nStrep es la abreviatura de Streptococcus, un tipo de bacteria que suele vivir en la nariz y la garganta. La mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococo son leves, pero algunas pueden volverse graves, dependiendo de su estado de salud general.\nHay varios tipos. Dos de ellos causan la mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococos en las personas: el grupo A y el grupo B.\n¿Cómo se propagan las infecciones por estreptococo?\nHay diferentes formas en que pueden propagarse las infecciones por estreptococos:\n• Estreptococo del grupo A: Puede transmitirse de una persona portadora de la infección, incluso si no se siente enferma, cuando:\n• La persona con la infección tose o estornuda\n• Usted comparte un vaso o un utensilio con la persona que tiene la infección\n• Usted toca algo que tenga la bacteria y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz\n• Usted toca una herida abierta o una llaga de la persona con la infección\n• Estreptococo del grupo B: Puede transmitirse a un recién nacido a través de los fluidos durante el parto vaginal\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer una infección por estreptococo?\n• Las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A son más frecuentes en niños de 5 a 15 años, pero los adultos también pueden contraerlas. Usted puede correr un mayor riesgo si tiene el sistema inmunitario debilitado, llagas o heridas abiertas, o ciertas infecciones virales como un resfriado o la gripe\n• El estreptococo del grupo B suele ser motivo de preocupación principalmente en los recién nacidos. Los adultos también pueden contraer infecciones por estreptococo del grupo B, especialmente aquellos de 65 años o más o quienes ya tienen otros problemas de salud\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por estreptococo?\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. La mayoría de las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A son leves, pero algunas pueden ser graves.\nEl estreptococo del grupo A puede causar:\n• Faringitis estreptocócica: Dolor y enrojecimiento de la garganta. Las amígdalas pueden estar inflamadas y presentar manchas blancas\n• Escarlatina: Una enfermedad que aparece después de la faringitis estreptocócica. Provoca un sarpullido rojo que se extiende por todo el cuerpo\n• Impétigo: Una infección cutánea que causa llagas o ampollas, a menudo alrededor de la boca y la nariz, o en los brazos y las piernas\n• Celulitis: Una infección de la piel que causa enrojecimiento, hinchazón y dolor, generalmente en las piernas\n• Fascitis necrosante (enfermedad \"comecarne\"): Una infección poco frecuente pero grave que se propaga rápidamente por la piel y los tejidos\n• Síndrome de choque tóxico estreptocócico: Una enfermedad poco frecuente pero potencialmente mortal en la que las bacterias liberan toxinas que pueden provocar insuficiencia orgánica\nEl estreptococo del grupo B puede causar:\n• Infecciones de la sangre, neumonía y meningitis en recién nacidos\n• Infecciones de las vías urinarias, infecciones de la sangre, infecciones de la piel y neumonía en adultos\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por estreptococo?\nEstreptococo del grupo A: El diagnóstico de la infección por estreptococo depende del tipo de infección. Su proveedor de cuidado médico generalmente diagnosticará la faringitis estreptocócica con una prueba rápida o un cultivo de garganta. Otras infecciones por estreptococo pueden requerir un examen físico, pruebas de laboratorio, pruebas por imágenes o, en algunos casos, cirugía.\nEstreptococo del grupo B: Si está embarazada, su profesional de la salud generalmente le realizará una prueba de estreptococos del grupo B entre las semanas 36 y 37.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por estreptococo?\nEl tratamiento dependerá del tipo de infección:\n• Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A suelen desaparecer por sí solas después de aproximadamente una semana. Si necesita tratamiento, es probable que su médico le recete antibióticos. Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo A más graves (invasivas) pueden requerir que reciba antibióticos en un hospital. Sin tratamiento, estas infecciones pueden provocar problemas de salud graves\n• Las infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B en mujeres embarazadas se tratan con antibióticos intravenosos (IV) durante el parto para proteger al recién nacido. Los adultos con infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B también reciben tratamiento con antibióticos\n¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por estreptococo?\nUsted puede ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones por estreptococo del grupo A mediante buenos hábitos de higiene, tales como:\n• Evitar el contacto cercano con alguien que sepa que tenga la infección\n• Lavarse las manos frecuentemente con agua y jabón\n• Cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar\nPara ayudar a prevenir las infecciones por estreptococo del grupo B en los recién nacidos, debe hacerse una prueba de detección durante el embarazo. Si el resultado es positivo, los antibióticos administrados durante el parto pueden proteger a su bebé.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0241","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"high-blood-pressure-primary-hypertension","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/high-blood-pressure-primary-hypertension","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BA00.Z","display":"Essential hypertension, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/761947693/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#761947693/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"High blood pressure (primary hypertension)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipertensiune arterială esențială","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ارتفاع ضغط الدم الأساسي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vysoký krevní tlak (esenciální hypertenze)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bluthochdruck (essentielle Hypertonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιδιοπαθής αρτηριακή υπέρταση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipertensión arterial esencial","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypertension artérielle essentielle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उच्च रक्तचाप (प्राथमिक हाइपरटेंशन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Magas vérnyomás (esszenciális hipertónia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipertensione arteriosa essenziale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"本態性高血圧症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"본태성 고혈압","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadciśnienie tętnicze pierwotne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipertensão arterial essencial","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипертоническая болезнь (эссенциальная гипертензия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vysoký krvný tlak (esenciálna hypertenzia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yüksek tansiyon (esansiyel hipertansiyon)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпертонічна хвороба (есенціальна гіпертензія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"原发性高血压","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"High Blood Pressure","text":"What is blood pressure?\nBlood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure.\nYour blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. For example, 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.\nHow is high blood pressure diagnosed?\nHigh blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular blood pressure checks from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis.\nBlood Pressure Category\nSystolic Blood Pressure\nDiastolic Blood Pressure\nNormal\nLess than 120\nand\nLess than 80\nElevated\n120 - 129\nand\nLess than 80\nHigh Blood Pressure Stage 1\n130 - 139\nor\n80 - 89\nHigh Blood Pressure Stage 2\n140 or higher\nor\n90 or higher\nHypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)\nHigher than 180\nand\nHigher than 120\nFor children and teens, the health care provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and sex.\nWhat are the different types of high blood pressure?\nThere are two main types of high blood pressure:\n• Primary, or essential, high blood pressure. This is the most common type of high blood pressure. For most people who get this kind of blood pressure, it develops over time as you get older.\n• Secondary high blood pressure. This is caused by another medical condition or use of certain medicines. It usually gets better after you treat that condition or stop taking the medicines that are causing it.\nWhy do I need to worry about high blood pressure?\nWhen your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure.\nWhat are the treatments for high blood pressure?\nTreatments for high blood pressure include heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines.\nYou will work with your provider to come up with a treatment plan. It may include only the lifestyle changes. These changes, such as heart-healthy eating and exercise, can be very effective. But sometimes the changes do not control or lower your high blood pressure. Then you may need to take medicine. There are different types of blood pressure medicines. Some people need to take more than one type.\nIf your high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or medicine, treating that condition or stopping the medicine may lower your blood pressure.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Presión arterial alta","text":"¿Qué es la presión arterial?\nLa presión arterial es la fuerza de su sangre al empujar contra las paredes de sus arterias. Cada vez que su corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial es más alta cuando su corazón late, bombeando la sangre. Esto se llama presión sistólica. Cuando su corazón está en reposo, entre latidos, su presión arterial baja. Esto se llama presión diastólica.\nLa lectura de su presión arterial usa estos dos números. Por lo general, el número sistólico se coloca antes o por encima de la cifra diastólica. Por ejemplo, 120/80 significa una presión sistólica de 120 y una diastólica de 80.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la presión arterial alta?\nLa presión arterial alta no tiene síntomas. Por ello, la única manera de averiguar si usted tiene presión arterial alta es a través de chequeos regulares cuando visita a su proveedor de atención médica. Su proveedor utilizará un medidor, un estetoscopio o un sensor electrónico y un manguito de presión arterial y tomará dos o más mediciones en citas médicas distintas antes de hacer un diagnóstico.\nCategoría de presión arterial\nPresión arterial sistólica\nPresión arterial diastólica\nNormal\nMenos de 120\ny\nMenos de 80\nElevada\n120 - 129\ny\nMenos de 80\nHipertensión grado 1\n130 - 139\nó\n80 - 89\nHipertensión grado 2\n140 o mayor\nó\n90 o mayor\nCrisis hipertensiva\n(presión arterial peligrosamente alta. Busque atención médica de inmediato)\nMayor de 180\ny\nMayor de 120\nPara niños y adolescentes, el médico compara la lectura de la presión arterial con lo que es normal para otros niños que tienen la misma edad, estatura y sexo.\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de presión arterial alta?\nHay dos tipos principales de presión arterial alta:\n• Primaria o esencial: Es el tipo más común de presión arterial alta. Por lo general se desarrolla con el tiempo a medida que envejece\n• Secundaria: Esta presión arterial es causada por otra condición médica o el uso de ciertos medicamentos. Por lo general, mejora al tratarse la causa o al dejar de tomar los medicamentos que la provocan\n¿Por qué tengo que preocuparme por la presión arterial alta?\nCuando su presión arterial se mantiene mucho tiempo alta, hace que el corazón bombee con más fuerza y trabaje demasiado, lo que puede ocasionar serios problemas de salud, como ataque cardiaco, accidente cerebrovascular, insuficiencia cardiaca, e insuficiencia renal.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta?\nLos tratamientos para la presión arterial alta incluyen cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón y medicamentos.\nSu proveedor de salud colaborará con usted para un plan de tratamiento. Puede que incluya solo los cambios de estilo de vida. Estos cambios, como la alimentación saludable para el corazón y el ejercicio, pueden ser muy efectivos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los cambios no controlan ni disminuyen la presión arterial alta. Si eso ocurre, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos. Hay diferentes tipos de medicinas para la presión arterial. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un tipo.\nSi su presión arterial alta es causada por otra condición médica o medicamento, tratar esa afección o suspender la medicina puede bajarla.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0242","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"kidney-disease-caused-by-high-blood-pressure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/kidney-disease-caused-by-high-blood-pressure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I12","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BA02","display":"Hypertensive renal disease","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1015872326","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1015872326"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hypertensive renal disease","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Kidney disease caused by high blood pressure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală renală hipertensivă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض الكلى الناتج عن ارتفاع ضغط الدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hypertenzní onemocnění ledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hypertensive Nierenkrankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερτασική νεφροπάθεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad renal hipertensiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Néphropathie hypertensive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उच्च रक्तचाप से गुर्दे का रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Magas vérnyomás okozta vesebetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nefropatia ipertensiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"高血圧性腎疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"고혈압성 신장질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba nerek w przebiegu nadciśnienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença renal hipertensiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипертензивная болезнь почек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hypertenzné ochorenie obličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipertansif böbrek hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпертензивна хвороба нирок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"高血压性肾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chronic Kidney Disease","text":"You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. They also keep the body's chemicals balanced, help control blood pressure, and make hormones.\nChronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.\nThe kidney damage occurs slowly over many years. Many people don't have any symptoms until their kidney disease is very advanced. Blood and urine tests are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.\nTreatments cannot cure kidney disease, but they may slow kidney disease. They include medicines to lower blood pressure, control blood sugar, and lower cholesterol. CKD may still get worse over time. Sometimes it can lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, you will need dialysis or a kidney transplantation.\nYou can take steps to keep your kidneys healthier longer:\n• Choose foods with less salt (sodium)\n• Control your blood pressure; your health care provider can tell you what your blood pressure should be\n• Keep your blood sugar in the target range, if you have diabetes\n• Limit the amount of alcohol you drink\n• Choose foods that are healthy for your heart: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods\n• Lose weight if you are overweight\n• Be physically active\n• Don't smoke\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad renal crónica","text":"Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Su función principal es filtrar su sangre. Ellos eliminan el desecho y el exceso de agua, lo que se vuelve orina. También mantienen el equilibrio químico del cuerpo, ayudan a controlar la presión arterial y a producir hormonas.\nLa enfermedad renal crónica significa que sus riñones están dañados y no pueden filtrar la sangre como deberían. Este daño puede ocasionar que los desechos se acumulen en su cuerpo y causen otros problemas que podrían perjudicar su salud. La diabetes y la hipertensión arterial son las causas más comunes de enfermedad renal crónica.\nEl daño renal se produce lentamente durante muchos años. Muchas personas no tienen ningún síntoma hasta que la enfermedad renal está muy avanzada. Los análisis de sangre y orina son la única manera de saber si usted tiene enfermedad renal.\nLos tratamientos no pueden curar la enfermedad renal, pero pueden retrasarla. Incluyen medicamentos para reducir la presión arterial, controlar el azúcar en la sangre y reducir el colesterol. La enfermedad renal crónica aún puede empeorar con el tiempo. A veces puede conducir a insuficiencia renal. Si sus riñones fallan, necesitará diálisis o un trasplante de riñón.\nUsted puede tomar estas medidas para mantener sus riñones sanos por más tiempo:\n• Elija alimentos con menos sal (sodio)\n• Controle su presión arterial. Su proveedor de salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su presión arterial\n• Si tiene diabetes, mantenga su nivel de azúcar en la sangre bajo control\n• Limite la cantidad de alcohol que bebe\n• Elija alimentos que sean saludables para su corazón: Frutas, verduras, granos integrales y productos lácteos bajos en grasa\n• Si tiene sobrepeso, baje de peso\n• Manténgase físicamente activo\n• No fume\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0243","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"heart-and-kidney-disease-caused-by-high-blood-pressure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/heart-and-kidney-disease-caused-by-high-blood-pressure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I13","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Heart and kidney disease caused by high blood pressure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală cardiacă și renală hipertensivă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض القلب والكلى الناتج عن ارتفاع ضغط الدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hypertenzní onemocnění srdce a ledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hypertensive Herz- und Nierenkrankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερτασική καρδιακή και νεφρική νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad cardiorrenal hipertensiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cardionéphropathie hypertensive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उच्च रक्तचाप से हृदय और गुर्दे का रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Magas vérnyomás okozta szív- és vesebetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cardionefropatia ipertensiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"高血圧性心腎疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"고혈압성 심장 및 신장 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba serca i nerek w przebiegu nadciśnienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença cardíaca e renal hipertensiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипертензивная болезнь сердца и почек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hypertenzné ochorenie srdca a obličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hipertansif kalp ve böbrek hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпертензивна хвороба серця та нирок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"高血压性心脏和肾脏病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chronic Kidney Disease","text":"You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. They also keep the body's chemicals balanced, help control blood pressure, and make hormones.\nChronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.\nThe kidney damage occurs slowly over many years. Many people don't have any symptoms until their kidney disease is very advanced. Blood and urine tests are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.\nTreatments cannot cure kidney disease, but they may slow kidney disease. They include medicines to lower blood pressure, control blood sugar, and lower cholesterol. CKD may still get worse over time. Sometimes it can lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, you will need dialysis or a kidney transplantation.\nYou can take steps to keep your kidneys healthier longer:\n• Choose foods with less salt (sodium)\n• Control your blood pressure; your health care provider can tell you what your blood pressure should be\n• Keep your blood sugar in the target range, if you have diabetes\n• Limit the amount of alcohol you drink\n• Choose foods that are healthy for your heart: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods\n• Lose weight if you are overweight\n• Be physically active\n• Don't smoke\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad renal crónica","text":"Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Su función principal es filtrar su sangre. Ellos eliminan el desecho y el exceso de agua, lo que se vuelve orina. También mantienen el equilibrio químico del cuerpo, ayudan a controlar la presión arterial y a producir hormonas.\nLa enfermedad renal crónica significa que sus riñones están dañados y no pueden filtrar la sangre como deberían. Este daño puede ocasionar que los desechos se acumulen en su cuerpo y causen otros problemas que podrían perjudicar su salud. La diabetes y la hipertensión arterial son las causas más comunes de enfermedad renal crónica.\nEl daño renal se produce lentamente durante muchos años. Muchas personas no tienen ningún síntoma hasta que la enfermedad renal está muy avanzada. Los análisis de sangre y orina son la única manera de saber si usted tiene enfermedad renal.\nLos tratamientos no pueden curar la enfermedad renal, pero pueden retrasarla. Incluyen medicamentos para reducir la presión arterial, controlar el azúcar en la sangre y reducir el colesterol. La enfermedad renal crónica aún puede empeorar con el tiempo. A veces puede conducir a insuficiencia renal. Si sus riñones fallan, necesitará diálisis o un trasplante de riñón.\nUsted puede tomar estas medidas para mantener sus riñones sanos por más tiempo:\n• Elija alimentos con menos sal (sodio)\n• Controle su presión arterial. Su proveedor de salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su presión arterial\n• Si tiene diabetes, mantenga su nivel de azúcar en la sangre bajo control\n• Limite la cantidad de alcohol que bebe\n• Elija alimentos que sean saludables para su corazón: Frutas, verduras, granos integrales y productos lácteos bajos en grasa\n• Si tiene sobrepeso, baje de peso\n• Manténgase físicamente activo\n• No fume\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0244","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"secondary-hypertension-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/secondary-hypertension-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I15","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BA04.Z","display":"Secondary hypertension, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1331849426/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1331849426/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipertensiune arterială secundară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ارتفاع ضغط الدم الثانوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sekundární hypertenze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sekundäre Hypertonie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δευτεροπαθής υπέρταση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipertensión secundaria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypertension secondaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"द्वितीयक उच्च रक्तचाप","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Másodlagos magas vérnyomás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipertensione secondaria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"二次性高血圧症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이차성 고혈압","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadciśnienie wtórne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipertensão secundária","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вторичная гипертензия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sekundárna hypertenzia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sekonder hipertansiyon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вторинна гіпертензія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"继发性高血压","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Secondary hypertension","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"High Blood Pressure","text":"What is blood pressure?\nBlood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure.\nYour blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. For example, 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.\nHow is high blood pressure diagnosed?\nHigh blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular blood pressure checks from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis.\nBlood Pressure Category\nSystolic Blood Pressure\nDiastolic Blood Pressure\nNormal\nLess than 120\nand\nLess than 80\nElevated\n120 - 129\nand\nLess than 80\nHigh Blood Pressure Stage 1\n130 - 139\nor\n80 - 89\nHigh Blood Pressure Stage 2\n140 or higher\nor\n90 or higher\nHypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)\nHigher than 180\nand\nHigher than 120\nFor children and teens, the health care provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and sex.\nWhat are the different types of high blood pressure?\nThere are two main types of high blood pressure:\n• Primary, or essential, high blood pressure. This is the most common type of high blood pressure. For most people who get this kind of blood pressure, it develops over time as you get older.\n• Secondary high blood pressure. This is caused by another medical condition or use of certain medicines. It usually gets better after you treat that condition or stop taking the medicines that are causing it.\nWhy do I need to worry about high blood pressure?\nWhen your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure.\nWhat are the treatments for high blood pressure?\nTreatments for high blood pressure include heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines.\nYou will work with your provider to come up with a treatment plan. It may include only the lifestyle changes. These changes, such as heart-healthy eating and exercise, can be very effective. But sometimes the changes do not control or lower your high blood pressure. Then you may need to take medicine. There are different types of blood pressure medicines. Some people need to take more than one type.\nIf your high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or medicine, treating that condition or stopping the medicine may lower your blood pressure.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Presión arterial alta","text":"¿Qué es la presión arterial?\nLa presión arterial es la fuerza de su sangre al empujar contra las paredes de sus arterias. Cada vez que su corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial es más alta cuando su corazón late, bombeando la sangre. Esto se llama presión sistólica. Cuando su corazón está en reposo, entre latidos, su presión arterial baja. Esto se llama presión diastólica.\nLa lectura de su presión arterial usa estos dos números. Por lo general, el número sistólico se coloca antes o por encima de la cifra diastólica. Por ejemplo, 120/80 significa una presión sistólica de 120 y una diastólica de 80.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la presión arterial alta?\nLa presión arterial alta no tiene síntomas. Por ello, la única manera de averiguar si usted tiene presión arterial alta es a través de chequeos regulares cuando visita a su proveedor de atención médica. Su proveedor utilizará un medidor, un estetoscopio o un sensor electrónico y un manguito de presión arterial y tomará dos o más mediciones en citas médicas distintas antes de hacer un diagnóstico.\nCategoría de presión arterial\nPresión arterial sistólica\nPresión arterial diastólica\nNormal\nMenos de 120\ny\nMenos de 80\nElevada\n120 - 129\ny\nMenos de 80\nHipertensión grado 1\n130 - 139\nó\n80 - 89\nHipertensión grado 2\n140 o mayor\nó\n90 o mayor\nCrisis hipertensiva\n(presión arterial peligrosamente alta. Busque atención médica de inmediato)\nMayor de 180\ny\nMayor de 120\nPara niños y adolescentes, el médico compara la lectura de la presión arterial con lo que es normal para otros niños que tienen la misma edad, estatura y sexo.\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de presión arterial alta?\nHay dos tipos principales de presión arterial alta:\n• Primaria o esencial: Es el tipo más común de presión arterial alta. Por lo general se desarrolla con el tiempo a medida que envejece\n• Secundaria: Esta presión arterial es causada por otra condición médica o el uso de ciertos medicamentos. Por lo general, mejora al tratarse la causa o al dejar de tomar los medicamentos que la provocan\n¿Por qué tengo que preocuparme por la presión arterial alta?\nCuando su presión arterial se mantiene mucho tiempo alta, hace que el corazón bombee con más fuerza y trabaje demasiado, lo que puede ocasionar serios problemas de salud, como ataque cardiaco, accidente cerebrovascular, insuficiencia cardiaca, e insuficiencia renal.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta?\nLos tratamientos para la presión arterial alta incluyen cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón y medicamentos.\nSu proveedor de salud colaborará con usted para un plan de tratamiento. Puede que incluya solo los cambios de estilo de vida. Estos cambios, como la alimentación saludable para el corazón y el ejercicio, pueden ser muy efectivos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los cambios no controlan ni disminuyen la presión arterial alta. Si eso ocurre, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos. Hay diferentes tipos de medicinas para la presión arterial. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un tipo.\nSi su presión arterial alta es causada por otra condición médica o medicamento, tratar esa afección o suspender la medicina puede bajarla.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0245","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"angina","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/angina","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I20","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BA40.Z","display":"Angina pectoris, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/718946808/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#718946808/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Angina","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Angina de pecho","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Angină pectorală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الذبحة الصدرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Angina pectoris","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Angina pectoris","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Στηθάγχη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Angine de poitrine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एनजाइना (सीने में दर्द)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Angina pectoris (szorító mellkasi fájdalom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Angina pectoris","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"狭心症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"협심증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dławica piersiowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Angina de peito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Стенокардия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Angina pectoris","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anjina pektoris (göğüs anjini)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Стенокардія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心绞痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Angina","text":"Angina is chest pain or discomfort you feel when there is not enough blood flow to your heart muscle. Your heart muscle needs the oxygen that the blood carries. Angina may feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in your chest. It may feel like indigestion. You may also feel pain in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.\nAngina is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common heart disease. CAD happens when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, reducing blood flow.\nThere are three types of angina:\n• Stable angina is the most common type. It happens when the heart is working harder than usual. Stable angina has a regular pattern. Rest and medicines usually help.\n• Unstable angina is the most dangerous. It does not follow a pattern and can happen without physical exertion. It does not go away with rest or medicine. It is a sign that you could have a heart attack soon.\n• Variant angina is rare. It happens when you are resting. Medicines can help.\nNot all chest pain or discomfort is angina. If you have chest pain, you should see your health care provider.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Angina de pecho","text":"La angina es un dolor o molestia en el pecho que se siente cuando no hay suficiente irrigación sanguínea al músculo cardiaco. Este músculo cardiaco necesita el oxigeno que transporta la sangre. La angina puede sentirse como una presión o un dolor opresivo en el pecho. Puede parecerse a una indigestión. También puede haber dolor en los hombros, los brazos, el cuello, la mandíbula o la espalda.\nLa angina es un síntoma de la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, la enfermedad cardiaca más común. Esta ocurre cuando una sustancia llamada placa se acumula en las arterias que llevan la sangre al corazón, reduciendo el flujo sanguíneo.\nHay tres tipos de angina:\n• Angina estable es la más común. Ocurre cuando el corazón trabaja más fuerte que lo usual. La angina estable tiene un patrón regular. Se trata con descanso y medicinas.\n• Angina inestable es la más peligrosa. No sigue un patrón y puede ocurrir sin hacer algún esfuerzo físico. No desaparece espontáneamente con el reposo o las medicinas. Es una señal de que podría ocurrir un infarto luego.\n• La angina variable es la menos común. Ocurre cuando está descansando. Se trata con medicinas.\nNo todas las molestias o los dolores en el pecho son angina. Si se le presenta un dolor torácico, debe consultar a un profesional de la salud.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0186","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Angina Pectoris — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0276","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Angina Pectoris — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0246","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"heart-attack-acute-myocardial-infarction","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/heart-attack-acute-myocardial-infarction","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I21","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Heart attack (acute myocardial infarction)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infarct miocardic acut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النوبة القلبية (احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní infarkt myokardu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herzinfarkt (akuter Myokardinfarkt)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infarto agudo de miocardio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infarctus du myocarde aigu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दिल का दौरा (तीव्र मायोकार्डियल इन्फार्क्शन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívinfarktus (akut miokardiális infarktus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infarto miocardico acuto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性心筋梗塞","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 심근경색","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostry zawał serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enfarte agudo do miocárdio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый инфаркт миокарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny infarkt myokardu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp krizi (akut miyokard enfarktüsü)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий інфаркт міокарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性心肌梗死","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Heart Attack","text":"What is a heart attack?\nA heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, is a type of heart disease. It happens when blood flow to the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Without the blood coming in, the heart can't get oxygen. If not treated quickly, the heart muscle begins to die.\nBut if you get quick treatment, you may be able to prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. That's why it's important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and call 911 if you or someone else is having them.\nA heart attack is different than sudden cardiac arrest. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn't suddenly stop beating. With a sudden cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating and the person passes out. A heart attack can trigger a sudden cardiac arrest. Both are medical emergencies.\nIf you are having symptoms of a heart attack, you should call 911, even if you are not sure it is a heart attack. Emergency medical services can start treatment as soon as they arrive, and calling 911 gets you care faster.\nWhat heart attack risk factors can be changed?\nThere are many heart attack risk factors that you can change to lower your risk, which include:\n• Smoking. Quit, or never start, smoking.\n• High cholesterol and high blood pressure. Manage both with diet, exercise, and medicine.\n• Diabetes. Manage your blood glucose (also called blood sugar).\n• Inactivity and obesity. Stay active and keep a healthy weight.\n• Stress. Learn healthy ways to cope with stress.\nWhat heart attack risk factors can't be changed?\nThere are other risk factors you can't change, which include:\n• Age\n• Sex\n• Family history\n• Race or ethnicity\nWhat causes a heart attack?\nThe most common cause of heart attacks is coronary artery disease (CAD). With CAD, there is a buildup of cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on the inner walls or the arteries. This is atherosclerosis. It can build up for years. Eventually an area of plaque can rupture (break open). A blood clot can form around the plaque and block the artery.\nA less common cause of heart attack is a severe spasm (tightening) of a coronary artery. The spasm cuts off blood flow through the artery.\nWhat are the symptoms of a heart attack?\nHeart attack symptoms can vary from mild to severe. The symptoms one person has may not be the same as someone else's.\nThe most common symptoms include:\n• Chest discomfort. It is often in the center or left side of the chest. It usually lasts more than a few minutes and may go away and come back. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. It also can feel like heartburn or indigestion.\n• Shortness of breath. Sometimes this is your only symptom. You may get it before or during the chest discomfort. It can happen when you are resting or doing a little bit of physical activity.\n• Discomfort in the upper body. You may feel pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach.\nYou may also have other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and lightheadedness. You may break out in a cold sweat. Sometimes women will have different symptoms then men. For example, they are more likely to feel tired for no reason.\nHow is a heart attack diagnosed?\nAt the hospital, health care providers make a diagnosis based on your symptoms, blood tests, and different heart imaging tests.\nWhat is the treatment for a heart attack?\nTreatments may include medicines including blood thinners to break up and prevent clots, oxygen therapy, and medical procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). After a heart attack, cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle changes can help you recover.\nOnce you've had a heart attack, you have a higher risk of having another one. Talk to your provider about steps to take to lower your risk. These may include medicines and making lifestyle changes to improve your heart health.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ataque al corazón","text":"¿Qué es un ataque al corazón?\nUn ataque al corazón, también llamado infarto de miocardio, es un tipo de enfermedad del corazón. Ocurre cuando el flujo de sangre al corazón se obstruye repentinamente. Sin flujo de sangre, el corazón no puede obtener oxígeno. Si no se trata rápidamente, el músculo cardíaco comienza a morir.\nSin embargo, si recibe tratamiento rápido, se podría prevenir o limitar o el daño al músculo cardíaco. Por eso es importante conocer los síntomas de un ataque al corazón y llamar al 911 si usted o alguien más está teniendo uno.\nUn ataque al corazón es distinto a un paro cardíaco súbito. Durante un ataque al corazón, por lo general, este no deja de latir repentinamente. En cambio, con un paro cardíaco súbito el corazón deja de latir y la persona pierde la conciencia. Un ataque al corazón puede desencadenar un paro cardíaco súbito y ambas situaciones son emergencias médicas.\nSi usted tiene síntomas de un ataque al corazón, debe llamar al 911 incluso si no está seguro de que se trate de un ataque cardíaco. Los servicios de emergencia médica pueden iniciar el tratamiento tan pronto como lleguen, y llamar al 911, le permite recibir atención más rápidamente.\n¿Qué factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón pueden ser modificados?\nExisten muchos factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón que usted puede cambiar para reducir el riesgo. Entre ellos están:\n• Fumar: deje de fumar o evite empezar a hacerlo\n• Colesterol alto y presión arterial alta: controle ambos con dieta, ejercicio y medicamentos\n• Diabetes: controle su glucosa en la sangre, también llamada azúcar en la sangre\n• Sedentarismo y obesidad: manténgase activo y con un peso saludable\n• Estrés: aprenda formas saludables de manejar el estrés\n¿Qué factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón no pueden ser modificados?\nExisten otros factores de riesgo que usted no puede cambiar, tales como:\n• Edad\n• Sexo\n• Historial familiar\n• Raza u origen étnico\n¿Cuáles son las causas de un ataque al corazón?\nLa causa más común de los ataques al corazón es la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC). Con la EAC, se acumula el colesterol y otro material llamado placa en las paredes interiores de las arterias. Esto se llama ateroesclerosis y puede acumularse por años. Con el tiempo, un área de esta placa puede romperse, formar un coágulo de sangre alrededor y obstruir la arteria.\nUna causa menos común de ataque al corazón es un espasmo grave (estrechamiento) de una arteria coronaria. Estos espasmos cortan el flujo de sangre a través de la arteria.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un ataque al corazón?\nLos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Los síntomas que presenta una persona pueden no ser los mismos que los de otra.\nLos síntomas más comunes incluyen:\n• Molestia en el pecho: ocurre con frecuencia en el centro o en el lado izquierdo del pecho. Por lo general, dura más de unos pocos minutos y puede ser intermitente. Se puede sentir como presión, apretón, llenura o dolor. También puede sentirse como acidez o indigestión\n• Falta de aire: en ocasiones este es el único síntoma. Usted puede sentirla antes o durante la molestia en el pecho. Puede ocurrir mientras descansa o realiza un poco de actividad física\n• Molestia en la parte superior del cuerpo: puede sentir dolor o molestia en uno o en ambos brazos, la espalda, los hombros, el cuello, la mandíbula o la parte superior del estómago\nUsted también podría tener otros síntomas, como náuseas y vómitos, mareos, palpitaciones (aumento del ritmo cardíaco) y aturdimiento. Podría también comenzar a sudar frío. En ocasiones, las mujeres tienen síntomas diferentes a los de los hombres. Por ejemplo, son más propensas a sentirse cansadas sin razón.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un ataque al corazón?\nEn el hospital, un proveedor de cuidados de la salud realizará el diagnóstico con base en sus síntomas, pruebas de sangre y pruebas de imágenes del corazón.\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un ataque al corazón?\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir medicinas como anticoagulantes para prevenir coágulos, terapia de oxígeno y procedimientos médicos como la cirugía de revascularización de arteria coronaria o la angioplastia coronaria, también conocida como intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP). Tras un ataque al corazón, la rehabilitación cardíaca y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a recuperarse.\nUna vez que ha tenido un ataque cardíaco, usted tiene un mayor riesgo de tener otro. Hable con su proveedor acerca de las medidas que puede tomar para reducir el riesgo. Estas pueden incluir medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida para mejorar su salud cardíaca.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0247","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"repeat-heart-attack","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/repeat-heart-attack","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I22","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Repeat heart attack","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infarct miocardic ulterior (recurent)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النوبة القلبية المتكررة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Opakovaný infarkt myokardu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erneuter Herzinfarkt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επαναλαμβανόμενο έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infarto de miocardio recurrente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infarctus du myocarde à répétition","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दोबारा दिल का दौरा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ismételt szívinfarktus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infarto miocardico successivo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"再発性心筋梗塞","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"재발성 심근경색","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ponowny zawał serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enfarte do miocárdio subsequente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Повторный инфаркт миокарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Opakovaný infarkt myokardu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tekrarlayan kalp krizi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Повторний інфаркт міокарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"再发心肌梗死","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Heart Attack","text":"What is a heart attack?\nA heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, is a type of heart disease. It happens when blood flow to the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Without the blood coming in, the heart can't get oxygen. If not treated quickly, the heart muscle begins to die.\nBut if you get quick treatment, you may be able to prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. That's why it's important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and call 911 if you or someone else is having them.\nA heart attack is different than sudden cardiac arrest. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn't suddenly stop beating. With a sudden cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating and the person passes out. A heart attack can trigger a sudden cardiac arrest. Both are medical emergencies.\nIf you are having symptoms of a heart attack, you should call 911, even if you are not sure it is a heart attack. Emergency medical services can start treatment as soon as they arrive, and calling 911 gets you care faster.\nWhat heart attack risk factors can be changed?\nThere are many heart attack risk factors that you can change to lower your risk, which include:\n• Smoking. Quit, or never start, smoking.\n• High cholesterol and high blood pressure. Manage both with diet, exercise, and medicine.\n• Diabetes. Manage your blood glucose (also called blood sugar).\n• Inactivity and obesity. Stay active and keep a healthy weight.\n• Stress. Learn healthy ways to cope with stress.\nWhat heart attack risk factors can't be changed?\nThere are other risk factors you can't change, which include:\n• Age\n• Sex\n• Family history\n• Race or ethnicity\nWhat causes a heart attack?\nThe most common cause of heart attacks is coronary artery disease (CAD). With CAD, there is a buildup of cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on the inner walls or the arteries. This is atherosclerosis. It can build up for years. Eventually an area of plaque can rupture (break open). A blood clot can form around the plaque and block the artery.\nA less common cause of heart attack is a severe spasm (tightening) of a coronary artery. The spasm cuts off blood flow through the artery.\nWhat are the symptoms of a heart attack?\nHeart attack symptoms can vary from mild to severe. The symptoms one person has may not be the same as someone else's.\nThe most common symptoms include:\n• Chest discomfort. It is often in the center or left side of the chest. It usually lasts more than a few minutes and may go away and come back. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. It also can feel like heartburn or indigestion.\n• Shortness of breath. Sometimes this is your only symptom. You may get it before or during the chest discomfort. It can happen when you are resting or doing a little bit of physical activity.\n• Discomfort in the upper body. You may feel pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach.\nYou may also have other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and lightheadedness. You may break out in a cold sweat. Sometimes women will have different symptoms then men. For example, they are more likely to feel tired for no reason.\nHow is a heart attack diagnosed?\nAt the hospital, health care providers make a diagnosis based on your symptoms, blood tests, and different heart imaging tests.\nWhat is the treatment for a heart attack?\nTreatments may include medicines including blood thinners to break up and prevent clots, oxygen therapy, and medical procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). After a heart attack, cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle changes can help you recover.\nOnce you've had a heart attack, you have a higher risk of having another one. Talk to your provider about steps to take to lower your risk. These may include medicines and making lifestyle changes to improve your heart health.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ataque al corazón","text":"¿Qué es un ataque al corazón?\nUn ataque al corazón, también llamado infarto de miocardio, es un tipo de enfermedad del corazón. Ocurre cuando el flujo de sangre al corazón se obstruye repentinamente. Sin flujo de sangre, el corazón no puede obtener oxígeno. Si no se trata rápidamente, el músculo cardíaco comienza a morir.\nSin embargo, si recibe tratamiento rápido, se podría prevenir o limitar o el daño al músculo cardíaco. Por eso es importante conocer los síntomas de un ataque al corazón y llamar al 911 si usted o alguien más está teniendo uno.\nUn ataque al corazón es distinto a un paro cardíaco súbito. Durante un ataque al corazón, por lo general, este no deja de latir repentinamente. En cambio, con un paro cardíaco súbito el corazón deja de latir y la persona pierde la conciencia. Un ataque al corazón puede desencadenar un paro cardíaco súbito y ambas situaciones son emergencias médicas.\nSi usted tiene síntomas de un ataque al corazón, debe llamar al 911 incluso si no está seguro de que se trate de un ataque cardíaco. Los servicios de emergencia médica pueden iniciar el tratamiento tan pronto como lleguen, y llamar al 911, le permite recibir atención más rápidamente.\n¿Qué factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón pueden ser modificados?\nExisten muchos factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón que usted puede cambiar para reducir el riesgo. Entre ellos están:\n• Fumar: deje de fumar o evite empezar a hacerlo\n• Colesterol alto y presión arterial alta: controle ambos con dieta, ejercicio y medicamentos\n• Diabetes: controle su glucosa en la sangre, también llamada azúcar en la sangre\n• Sedentarismo y obesidad: manténgase activo y con un peso saludable\n• Estrés: aprenda formas saludables de manejar el estrés\n¿Qué factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón no pueden ser modificados?\nExisten otros factores de riesgo que usted no puede cambiar, tales como:\n• Edad\n• Sexo\n• Historial familiar\n• Raza u origen étnico\n¿Cuáles son las causas de un ataque al corazón?\nLa causa más común de los ataques al corazón es la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC). Con la EAC, se acumula el colesterol y otro material llamado placa en las paredes interiores de las arterias. Esto se llama ateroesclerosis y puede acumularse por años. Con el tiempo, un área de esta placa puede romperse, formar un coágulo de sangre alrededor y obstruir la arteria.\nUna causa menos común de ataque al corazón es un espasmo grave (estrechamiento) de una arteria coronaria. Estos espasmos cortan el flujo de sangre a través de la arteria.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un ataque al corazón?\nLos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Los síntomas que presenta una persona pueden no ser los mismos que los de otra.\nLos síntomas más comunes incluyen:\n• Molestia en el pecho: ocurre con frecuencia en el centro o en el lado izquierdo del pecho. Por lo general, dura más de unos pocos minutos y puede ser intermitente. Se puede sentir como presión, apretón, llenura o dolor. También puede sentirse como acidez o indigestión\n• Falta de aire: en ocasiones este es el único síntoma. Usted puede sentirla antes o durante la molestia en el pecho. Puede ocurrir mientras descansa o realiza un poco de actividad física\n• Molestia en la parte superior del cuerpo: puede sentir dolor o molestia en uno o en ambos brazos, la espalda, los hombros, el cuello, la mandíbula o la parte superior del estómago\nUsted también podría tener otros síntomas, como náuseas y vómitos, mareos, palpitaciones (aumento del ritmo cardíaco) y aturdimiento. Podría también comenzar a sudar frío. En ocasiones, las mujeres tienen síntomas diferentes a los de los hombres. Por ejemplo, son más propensas a sentirse cansadas sin razón.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un ataque al corazón?\nEn el hospital, un proveedor de cuidados de la salud realizará el diagnóstico con base en sus síntomas, pruebas de sangre y pruebas de imágenes del corazón.\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un ataque al corazón?\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir medicinas como anticoagulantes para prevenir coágulos, terapia de oxígeno y procedimientos médicos como la cirugía de revascularización de arteria coronaria o la angioplastia coronaria, también conocida como intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP). Tras un ataque al corazón, la rehabilitación cardíaca y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a recuperarse.\nUna vez que ha tenido un ataque cardíaco, usted tiene un mayor riesgo de tener otro. Hable con su proveedor acerca de las medidas que puede tomar para reducir el riesgo. Estas pueden incluir medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida para mejorar su salud cardíaca.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0248","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"complications-soon-after-a-heart-attack","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/complications-soon-after-a-heart-attack","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I23","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BA60.Z","display":"Certain current complications following acute myocardial infarction, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1584861447/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1584861447/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Complications soon after a heart attack","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Complicații după un infarct miocardic acut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مضاعفات بعد النوبة القلبية الحادة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Komplikace po akutním infarktu myokardu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Komplikationen nach akutem Herzinfarkt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιπλοκές μετά από οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Complicaciones tras un infarto agudo de miocardio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Complications après un infarctus du myocarde aigu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दिल के दौरे के तुरंत बाद की जटिलताएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut szívinfarktus utáni szövődmények","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Complicanze dopo un infarto miocardico acuto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性心筋梗塞後の合併症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 심근경색 후 합병증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powikłania po ostrym zawale serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Complicações após enfarte agudo do miocárdio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осложнения острого инфаркта миокарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Komplikácie po akútnom infarkte myokardu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut kalp krizi sonrası komplikasyonlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ускладнення гострого інфаркту міокарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性心肌梗死后并发症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Heart Attack","text":"What is a heart attack?\nA heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction, is a type of heart disease. It happens when blood flow to the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Without the blood coming in, the heart can't get oxygen. If not treated quickly, the heart muscle begins to die.\nBut if you get quick treatment, you may be able to prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. That's why it's important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and call 911 if you or someone else is having them.\nA heart attack is different than sudden cardiac arrest. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn't suddenly stop beating. With a sudden cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating and the person passes out. A heart attack can trigger a sudden cardiac arrest. Both are medical emergencies.\nIf you are having symptoms of a heart attack, you should call 911, even if you are not sure it is a heart attack. Emergency medical services can start treatment as soon as they arrive, and calling 911 gets you care faster.\nWhat heart attack risk factors can be changed?\nThere are many heart attack risk factors that you can change to lower your risk, which include:\n• Smoking. Quit, or never start, smoking.\n• High cholesterol and high blood pressure. Manage both with diet, exercise, and medicine.\n• Diabetes. Manage your blood glucose (also called blood sugar).\n• Inactivity and obesity. Stay active and keep a healthy weight.\n• Stress. Learn healthy ways to cope with stress.\nWhat heart attack risk factors can't be changed?\nThere are other risk factors you can't change, which include:\n• Age\n• Sex\n• Family history\n• Race or ethnicity\nWhat causes a heart attack?\nThe most common cause of heart attacks is coronary artery disease (CAD). With CAD, there is a buildup of cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on the inner walls or the arteries. This is atherosclerosis. It can build up for years. Eventually an area of plaque can rupture (break open). A blood clot can form around the plaque and block the artery.\nA less common cause of heart attack is a severe spasm (tightening) of a coronary artery. The spasm cuts off blood flow through the artery.\nWhat are the symptoms of a heart attack?\nHeart attack symptoms can vary from mild to severe. The symptoms one person has may not be the same as someone else's.\nThe most common symptoms include:\n• Chest discomfort. It is often in the center or left side of the chest. It usually lasts more than a few minutes and may go away and come back. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. It also can feel like heartburn or indigestion.\n• Shortness of breath. Sometimes this is your only symptom. You may get it before or during the chest discomfort. It can happen when you are resting or doing a little bit of physical activity.\n• Discomfort in the upper body. You may feel pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach.\nYou may also have other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and lightheadedness. You may break out in a cold sweat. Sometimes women will have different symptoms then men. For example, they are more likely to feel tired for no reason.\nHow is a heart attack diagnosed?\nAt the hospital, health care providers make a diagnosis based on your symptoms, blood tests, and different heart imaging tests.\nWhat is the treatment for a heart attack?\nTreatments may include medicines including blood thinners to break up and prevent clots, oxygen therapy, and medical procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). After a heart attack, cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle changes can help you recover.\nOnce you've had a heart attack, you have a higher risk of having another one. Talk to your provider about steps to take to lower your risk. These may include medicines and making lifestyle changes to improve your heart health.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ataque al corazón","text":"¿Qué es un ataque al corazón?\nUn ataque al corazón, también llamado infarto de miocardio, es un tipo de enfermedad del corazón. Ocurre cuando el flujo de sangre al corazón se obstruye repentinamente. Sin flujo de sangre, el corazón no puede obtener oxígeno. Si no se trata rápidamente, el músculo cardíaco comienza a morir.\nSin embargo, si recibe tratamiento rápido, se podría prevenir o limitar o el daño al músculo cardíaco. Por eso es importante conocer los síntomas de un ataque al corazón y llamar al 911 si usted o alguien más está teniendo uno.\nUn ataque al corazón es distinto a un paro cardíaco súbito. Durante un ataque al corazón, por lo general, este no deja de latir repentinamente. En cambio, con un paro cardíaco súbito el corazón deja de latir y la persona pierde la conciencia. Un ataque al corazón puede desencadenar un paro cardíaco súbito y ambas situaciones son emergencias médicas.\nSi usted tiene síntomas de un ataque al corazón, debe llamar al 911 incluso si no está seguro de que se trate de un ataque cardíaco. Los servicios de emergencia médica pueden iniciar el tratamiento tan pronto como lleguen, y llamar al 911, le permite recibir atención más rápidamente.\n¿Qué factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón pueden ser modificados?\nExisten muchos factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón que usted puede cambiar para reducir el riesgo. Entre ellos están:\n• Fumar: deje de fumar o evite empezar a hacerlo\n• Colesterol alto y presión arterial alta: controle ambos con dieta, ejercicio y medicamentos\n• Diabetes: controle su glucosa en la sangre, también llamada azúcar en la sangre\n• Sedentarismo y obesidad: manténgase activo y con un peso saludable\n• Estrés: aprenda formas saludables de manejar el estrés\n¿Qué factores de riesgo de un ataque al corazón no pueden ser modificados?\nExisten otros factores de riesgo que usted no puede cambiar, tales como:\n• Edad\n• Sexo\n• Historial familiar\n• Raza u origen étnico\n¿Cuáles son las causas de un ataque al corazón?\nLa causa más común de los ataques al corazón es la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC). Con la EAC, se acumula el colesterol y otro material llamado placa en las paredes interiores de las arterias. Esto se llama ateroesclerosis y puede acumularse por años. Con el tiempo, un área de esta placa puede romperse, formar un coágulo de sangre alrededor y obstruir la arteria.\nUna causa menos común de ataque al corazón es un espasmo grave (estrechamiento) de una arteria coronaria. Estos espasmos cortan el flujo de sangre a través de la arteria.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un ataque al corazón?\nLos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Los síntomas que presenta una persona pueden no ser los mismos que los de otra.\nLos síntomas más comunes incluyen:\n• Molestia en el pecho: ocurre con frecuencia en el centro o en el lado izquierdo del pecho. Por lo general, dura más de unos pocos minutos y puede ser intermitente. Se puede sentir como presión, apretón, llenura o dolor. También puede sentirse como acidez o indigestión\n• Falta de aire: en ocasiones este es el único síntoma. Usted puede sentirla antes o durante la molestia en el pecho. Puede ocurrir mientras descansa o realiza un poco de actividad física\n• Molestia en la parte superior del cuerpo: puede sentir dolor o molestia en uno o en ambos brazos, la espalda, los hombros, el cuello, la mandíbula o la parte superior del estómago\nUsted también podría tener otros síntomas, como náuseas y vómitos, mareos, palpitaciones (aumento del ritmo cardíaco) y aturdimiento. Podría también comenzar a sudar frío. En ocasiones, las mujeres tienen síntomas diferentes a los de los hombres. Por ejemplo, son más propensas a sentirse cansadas sin razón.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un ataque al corazón?\nEn el hospital, un proveedor de cuidados de la salud realizará el diagnóstico con base en sus síntomas, pruebas de sangre y pruebas de imágenes del corazón.\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un ataque al corazón?\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir medicinas como anticoagulantes para prevenir coágulos, terapia de oxígeno y procedimientos médicos como la cirugía de revascularización de arteria coronaria o la angioplastia coronaria, también conocida como intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP). Tras un ataque al corazón, la rehabilitación cardíaca y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a recuperarse.\nUna vez que ha tenido un ataque cardíaco, usted tiene un mayor riesgo de tener otro. Hable con su proveedor acerca de las medidas que puede tomar para reducir el riesgo. Estas pueden incluir medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida para mejorar su salud cardíaca.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0249","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-acute-ischaemic-heart-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-acute-ischaemic-heart-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I24","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other acute ischaemic heart disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli cardiace ischemice acute","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض القلب الإقفارية الحادة الأخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné akutní ischemické choroby srdeční","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere akute ischämische Herzkrankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες οξείες ισχαιμικές καρδιοπάθειες","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras cardiopatías isquémicas agudas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres cardiopathies ischémiques aiguës","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य तीव्र इस्केमिक हृदय रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb akut ischaemiás szívbetegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre cardiopatie ischemiche acute","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の急性虚血性心疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 급성 허혈성 심장질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne ostre postacie choroby niedokrwiennej serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças cardíacas isquémicas agudas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие формы острой ишемической болезни сердца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné akútne ischemické choroby srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer akut iskemik kalp hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші форми гострої ішемічної хвороби серця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他急性缺血性心脏病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Coronary Artery Disease","text":"What is coronary artery disease?\nCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States and a leading cause of death for both men and women.\nCAD affects the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to your heart muscle. When these arteries are damaged or diseased, your heart does not get the blood it needs.\nWhat causes coronary artery disease?\nCAD develops slowly over time when plaque builds up inside your coronary arteries. Plaque is a waxy, sticky substance made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other materials found in your blood. This buildup is called atherosclerosis.\nAs plaque grows, it narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to your heart muscle. Over time, this can partly or fully block the flow of blood and oxygen your heart needs to work properly.\nWhat are the types of coronary artery disease?\n• Obstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by 50% or more, significantly reducing blood flow.\n• Nonobstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by less than 50%.\n• Coronary microvascular disease affects the heart's tiny blood vessels. Damage to the walls of these small vessels reduces blood flow to your heart. This type is more common in women.\nWho is more likely to have coronary artery disease?\nYou may be more likely to develop CAD if you:\n• Eat a diet high in saturated fat\n• Smoke or use tobacco products\n• Are not physically active\n• Are overweight or have obesity\n• Have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or high blood glucose (diabetes)\n• Have a family history of heart disease, especially in a parent or sibling who had it before age 50\n• Are getting older, especially men, who tend to develop CAD earlier in life than women\nYour health care provider may use a risk calculator to estimate your chance of having a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. Talk with your provider about your personal risk.\nWhat are symptoms of coronary artery disease?\nSymptoms of CAD vary from person to person. Some people have no symptoms at all. Others do not know they have CAD until they have a heart attack or their heart suddenly stops beating (cardiac arrest).\nWhen symptoms do occur, they may include:\n• Chest pain, pressure, tightness, or discomfort that may spread to your neck, jaw, shoulder or arm\n• Shortness of breath\n• Feeling unusually fatigued\nThese symptoms may start or get worse when you are active or under stress and may go away with rest. They can also get worse over time as plaque continues to build up.\nGet emergency help right away if you have chest pain or discomfort that does not go away or happens while you are resting. This may be a sign of a heart attack. Call 911.\nWhat other problems does coronary artery disease cause?\nOver time, reduced blood flow from CAD can lead to serious heart problems, including:\n• Angina, which is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to your heart\n• Heart attack, which occurs when a blood clot suddenly blocks blood flow to part of your heart, causing permanent damage to your heart muscle\n• Heart failure, which occurs when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs\n• Arrhythmia, which is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat\nHow is coronary artery disease diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have CAD, your provider may:\n• Ask about your symptoms\n• Ask about your personal and family health history\n• Review your risk factors and lifestyle habits\n• Do a physical exam, including checking your blood pressure\n• Order blood tests, including checking your cholesterol and blood glucose\n• Order heart health tests\nWhat are the treatments for coronary artery disease?\nIf you have CAD, your provider will work with you to create a treatment plan based on which arteries are affected, how much blood flow is blocked, and what other health conditions you have. Treatments may include:\n• Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet, being more active, and quitting smoking\n• Medicines to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, control blood glucose, or prevent blood clots\n• Procedures or surgery, such as angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to open or bypass blocked arteries\n• Cardiac rehabilitation, to improve your quality of life and help prevent future heart problems\nCan coronary artery disease be prevented?\nYou may be able to lower your risk of CAD or slow its progress by managing risk factors and making healthy lifestyle choices. Steps that may help include:\n• Choosing heart-healthy foods\n• Being physically active on a regular basis\n• Reaching or maintaining a healthy weight\n• Not smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke\n• Limiting alcohol\n• Managing stress\n• Getting enough good-quality sleep\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nLa enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca en los Estados Unidos, y la principal causa de muerte entre hombres y mujeres.\nLa EAC afecta las arterias coronarias, que son los vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre y oxígeno al músculo cardíaco. Cuando estas arterias están dañadas o enfermas, el corazón no recibe la sangre que necesita.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nLa EAC ocurre de forma lenta a lo largo del tiempo cuando se acumula placa dentro de las arterias coronarias. La placa es una sustancia cerosa y pegajosa compuesta por grasa, colesterol, calcio y otros materiales que se encuentran en la sangre. A esta acumulación se le denomina ateroesclerosis.\nA medida que la placa aumenta, las arterias se estrechan, lo que reduce la circulación de la sangre hacia el músculo cardíaco. Con el tiempo, esto puede obstruir parcial o totalmente la circulación de sangre y oxígeno que el corazón necesita para funcionar de forma adecuada.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\n• La EAC obstructiva ocurre cuando una arteria coronaria grande presenta un estrechamiento de aproximadamente un 50% o más, lo que reduce bastante la circulación de la sangre.\n• La EAC no obstructiva ocurre cuando una arteria coronaria grande presenta un estrechamiento en menos del 50%.\n• La enfermedad microvascular coronaria afecta los pequeños vasos sanguíneos del corazón. Los daños a las paredes de estos pequeños vasos sanguíneos reducen la circulación de sangre hacia el corazón. Este tipo es más frecuente en mujeres.\n¿Quién es más propenso a presentar la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nEs más probable que presente EAC si:\n• Consume alimentos con gran cantidad de grasas saturadas\n• Fuma o usa productos que contengan tabaco\n• No hace actividad física\n• Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad\n• Tiene presión arterial alta, colesterol alto o niveles altos de glucosa en la sangre (diabetes)\n• Tiene historial familiar de enfermedades cardíacas, en particular si un padre o hermano la ha presentado antes de cumplir 50 años\n• Está envejeciendo, en especial los hombres tienden a presentar EAC a una edad más temprana que las mujeres\nEs posible que su proveedor de atención médica use una calculadora de riesgo para estimar la probabilidad de que usted tenga un ataque al corazón o un derrame cerebral en los próximos 10 años. Hable con su proveedor sobre su riesgo personal.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nLos síntomas de la EAC varían de una persona a otra, y algunas no presentan síntomas. Otras no saben que padecen EAC hasta que tienen un ataque al corazón o el corazón deja de latir repentinamente (paro cardíaco).\nCuando presenta síntomas, estos incluyen los siguientes:\n• Dolor de pecho, presión, opresión o molestia que a veces se extiende hacia el cuello, mandíbula, hombro o brazo\n• Falta de aire\n• Sensación inusual de fatiga\nEstos síntomas pueden aparecer o empeorar cuando realiza alguna actividad o está bajo estrés, y desaparecer con el descanso. También pueden empeorar a lo largo del tiempo a medida que la placa continúa acumulándose.\nBusque atención médica de emergencia de inmediato si presenta dolor o molestia en el pecho que no desaparece o que ocurre mientras está en reposo. Esto podría ser un signo de un ataque cardíaco. Llame al 911.\n¿Qué problemas adicionales provoca la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nCon el tiempo, la circulación reducida de sangre debido a la EAC puede conllevar problemas cardíacos graves, como los siguientes:\n• Angina, que es dolor o molestia en el pecho causada por una disminución de la circulación de sangre hacia el corazón\n• Ataque al corazón, que ocurre cuando un coágulo súbitamente interrumpe el suministro de sangre a una parte del corazón, causando un daño cardíaco permanente\n• Insuficiencia cardiaca, que se presenta cuando el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suplir las necesidades del cuerpo\n• Arritmia, que es un problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo del corazón\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nPara determinar si usted presenta EAC, su proveedor hará lo siguiente:\n• Preguntar sobre sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre su historial médico familiar y personal\n• Revisar sus factores de riesgo y hábitos de estilo de vida\n• Hacer un examen físico, en el que se incluye la revisión de la presión arterial\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre para evaluar el colesterol y los niveles de glucosa en la sangre\n• Solicitar pruebas para evaluar la salud del corazón\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nSi usted presenta EAC, su proveedor y usted elaborarán un plan de tratamiento con base en las arterias afectadas, el grado de la obstrucción circulatoria y las otras afecciones que usted padezca. El tratamiento puede incluir:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón, como elegir alimentos saludables para el corazón, mantenerse físicamente activo y dejar de fumar\n• Medicamentos para bajar la presión arterial, reducir el colesterol, controlar la glucosa en la sangre o prevenir la formación de coágulos\n• Intervenciones o cirugías, como la angioplastia o el bypass de la arteria coronaria (CABG), para abrir paso en la arteria obstruida o crear una vía alternativa a esta\n• Rehabilitación cardíaca, para mejorar el estilo de vida y prevenir problemas cardíacos futuros\n¿Es posible prevenir la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias?\nUsted puede reducir el riesgo de padecer EAC o hacer que su evolución sea más lenta al controlar los factores de riesgo y hacer elecciones de estilo de vida que sean saludables. Los siguientes son algunos pasos que podrían ayudar:\n• Elegir alimentos saludables para el corazón\n• Mantenerse físicamente activo con frecuencia\n• Lograr o mantener un peso saludable\n• No fumar y evitar el humo de segunda mano\n• Limitar el consumo de alcohol\n• Controlar el estrés\n• Tener suficientes horas de sueño de buena calidad\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0250","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"coronary-artery-disease-chronic-ischaemic-heart-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/coronary-artery-disease-chronic-ischaemic-heart-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I25","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BA5Z","display":"Chronic ischaemic heart disease, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1221742343/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1221742343/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Coronary artery disease (chronic ischaemic heart disease)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală cardiacă ischemică cronică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض القلب الإقفاري المزمن (مرض الشريان التاجي)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronická ischemická choroba srdeční","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Koronare Herzkrankheit (chronisch)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνια ισχαιμική καρδιοπάθεια (στεφανιαία νόσος)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cardiopatía isquémica crónica (enfermedad coronaria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cardiopathie ischémique chronique (maladie coronarienne)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कोरोनरी धमनी रोग (दीर्घकालिक इस्केमिक हृदय रोग)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus ischaemiás szívbetegség (koszorúér-betegség)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cardiopatia ischemica cronica (coronaropatia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"慢性虚血性心疾患（冠動脈疾患）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 허혈성 심장질환(관상동맥질환)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekła choroba niedokrwienna serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença cardíaca isquémica crónica (doença coronária)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хроническая ишемическая болезнь сердца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronická ischemická choroba srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kronik iskemik kalp hastalığı (koroner arter hastalığı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічна ішемічна хвороба серця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性缺血性心脏病（冠心病）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Atherosclerosis","text":"What is atherosclerosis?\nAtherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made up of cholesterol, fat, blood cells, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and causes your arteries to narrow. That limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body.\nSome people may confuse atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, but they are not the same thing:\n• Arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries, which means that the arteries thicken and become less flexible. It can have several different causes.\n• Atherosclerosis, which develops from plaque buildup, is a common type of arteriosclerosis.\nAtherosclerosis can affect most of the arteries in the body. It has different names, based on which arteries are affected:\n• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries of your heart.\n• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. It most often affects the arteries of your legs, but it can also affect the arteries of your arms or pelvis.\n• Carotid artery disease is plaque buildup in the neck arteries. It reduces blood flow to the brain.\n• Renal artery stenosis is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to your kidneys.\n• Vertebral artery disease is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the back of your brain.\n• Mesenteric artery ischemia is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply your intestines with blood.\nWhat causes atherosclerosis?\nPlaque often starts to build up during childhood and gets worse with age. The exact cause is unknown, but researchers believe that this buildup happens when there is damage to the arteries. This damage may be caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and your genes.\nWho is more likely to develop atherosclerosis?\nYou may be more likely to develop atherosclerosis if you:\n• Have certain medical conditions, including:\n• High blood pressure\n• High blood cholesterol\n• Diabetes\n• Metabolic syndrome\n• Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis\n• Have a family history of high blood cholesterol\n• Eat a lot of foods high in saturated fats\n• Smoke or chew tobacco\n• Are older - the risk increases after age 45 men and age 55 in women\nWhat are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?\nIn the early stages, atherosclerosis often does not cause any symptoms. You may first notice some symptoms at times when your body needs more oxygen. For example, this could be when you are having physical or emotional stress.\nYour symptoms will depend on which arteries are affected and how much blood flow is blocked:\n• With coronary artery disease, the symptoms may include angina (a type of chest pain), palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and shortness of breath.\n• With carotid artery disease, you may have a bruit. This is a whooshing sound that your health care provider hears when using a stethoscope. You could also have a transient ischemic attack (TIA), sometimes called a mini-stroke.\n• With peripheral artery disease, you may have pain, aching, heaviness, or cramping in the legs when walking or climbing stairs.\n• With vertebral artery disease, you may have problems with thinking and memory, weakness or numbness on one side of the body or face, and vision trouble. You could also have a transient ischemic attack.\n• With mesenteric artery ischemia, the symptoms can include severe pain after meals, weight loss, and diarrhea.\nFor men, erectile dysfunction (ED) is an early warning sign that you may be at higher risk for atherosclerosis and its complications. If you have ED, talk with your provider about your risk of plaque buildup.\nWhat other problems can atherosclerosis cause?\nAtherosclerosis can cause other health problems, or complications. For example, if a plaque bursts, a blood clot may form. The clot could block the artery completely or travel to another part of the body. Other possible complications can vary, depending on which arteries are affected. For example, blockages in different parts of the body can lead to complications such as a heart attack, stroke, vascular dementia, or limb loss.\nHow is atherosclerosis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have atherosclerosis, your provider:\n• Will ask about your medical and family health history\n• Will ask about your lifestyle and risk factors for plaque buildup in the arteries\n• Will do a physical exam, which will include listening to your heart and the blood flow in your arteries\n• Will likely order tests, such as blood tests and heart health tests\nWhat are the treatments for atherosclerosis?\nIf you have atherosclerosis, your provider will work with you to create a treatment plan that works for you. Your plan will depend on which arteries are affected, how much the blood flow is blocked, and what other medical conditions you have. Possible treatments may include:\n• Heart-healthy lifestyle changes.\n• Medicines to:\n• Manage your risk factors.\n• Treat atherosclerosis or its complications.\n• Treat any medical conditions you have that can worsen plaque buildup.\n• Procedures or surgeries to treat diseases or complications that were caused by plaque buildup. The specific type of procedure or surgery will depend on which arteries are affected.\n• Cardiac rehabilitation, if you have had certain complications from atherosclerosis.\nCan atherosclerosis be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to try to prevent atherosclerosis:\n• Choose heart-healthy foods, such fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit foods that are high in saturated fats, salt, and added sugars.\n• Do regular physical activity. But before you start an exercise program, ask your provider what level of physical activity is right for you.\n• Aim for a healthy weight.\n• Limit how much alcohol you drink. Drinking less is better for health than drinking more. Men should limit their intake to 2 drinks or less in a day. Women should drink 1 drink or less per day.\n• Manage stress.\n• If you smoke, quit smoking.\n• Avoid secondhand smoke.\n• Get enough good-quality sleep.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ateroesclerosis","text":"¿Qué es la ateroesclerosis?\nLa ateroesclerosis (también conocida como aterosclerosis) es una afección en la que se acumula placa dentro de las arterias. La placa es una sustancia pegajosa hecha de colesterol, grasa, células sanguíneas, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece, estrechando las arterias. Esto limita el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno al cuerpo.\nAlgunas personas pueden confundir ateroesclerosis y arteriosclerosis, pero no son lo mismo:\n• La arteriosclerosis es el endurecimiento de las arterias, lo que significa que las arterias se engrosan y se vuelven menos flexibles. Puede tener varias causas diferentes\n• La aterosclerosis, que se desarrolla a partir de la acumulación de placa, es un tipo común de arteriosclerosis\nLa ateroesclerosis puede afectar a la mayoría de las arterias del cuerpo. Tiene diferentes nombres, según las arterias afectadas:\n• Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: Acumulación de placa en las arterias del corazón\n• Enfermedad arterial periférica: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que transportan sangre desde el corazón a otras partes del cuerpo. Con mayor frecuencia afecta las arterias de las piernas, pero también puede afectar las arterias de los brazos o la pelvis\n• Enfermedad de las arterias carótidas: Acumulación de placa en las arterias del cuello. Reduce el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro\n• Estenosis de la arteria renal: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los riñones\n• Enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a la parte posterior del cerebro\n• Isquemia de la arteria mesentérica: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los intestinos\n¿Qué causa la ateroesclerosis?\nA menudo, la placa comienza a acumularse durante la niñez y empeora con la edad. Se desconoce la causa exacta, pero los investigadores piensan que esta acumulación ocurre cuando hay daño en las arterias. Este daño puede ser causado por hábitos de vida poco saludables, afecciones de salud y los genes.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis?\nEs posible que tenga más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis si:\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones médicas, incluyendo:\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Colesterol alto en sangre\n• Diabetes\n• Síndrome metabólico\n• Enfermedades inflamatorias como artritis reumatoide y psoriasis\n• Antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto en la sangre\n• Consumir muchos alimentos ricos en grasas saturadas\n• Fumar o masticar tabaco\n• La edad: El riesgo aumenta después de los 45 años en los hombres y de los 55 años en las mujeres\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la ateroesclerosis?\nEn las primeras etapas, a menudo la ateroesclerosis no causa ningún síntoma. Es posible que note algunos síntomas por primera vez en momentos en que su cuerpo necesita más oxígeno. Por ejemplo, esto puede ocurrir cuando tiene estrés físico o emocional.\nSus síntomas dependen de las arterias afectadas y de cuánto flujo sanguíneo esté bloqueado:\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, los síntomas pueden incluir angina (un tipo de dolor en el pecho), palpitaciones (corazón acelerado o fuerte) y problemas para respirar\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias carótidas, es posible que tenga un soplo. Este es un silbido que su profesional de la salud escucha al usar un estetoscopio. También puede tener un ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT), a veces llamado \"mini accidente cerebrovascular\"\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias periféricas, es posible que sienta dolor, molestias, pesadez o calambres en las piernas al caminar o subir escaleras\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales, puede tener problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria, debilidad o entumecimiento en un lado del cuerpo o en la cara, y problemas de la vista. También podría tener un ataque isquémico transitorio\n• En la isquemia de la arteria mesentérica, los síntomas pueden incluir dolor intenso después de las comidas, pérdida de peso y diarrea\nPara los hombres, la disfunción eréctil es una señal de advertencia temprana de que pueden tener un mayor riesgo de sufrir ateroesclerosis y sus complicaciones. Si tiene disfunción eréctil, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de acumulación de placa.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la ateroesclerosis?\nLa ateroesclerosis puede causar otros problemas de salud o complicaciones. Por ejemplo, si la placa se rompe, puede formarse un coágulo sanguíneo. El coágulo puede bloquear la arteria por completo o viajar a otra parte del cuerpo. Otras posibles complicaciones pueden variar, según las arterias afectadas. Por ejemplo, las obstrucciones en diferentes partes del cuerpo pueden causar complicaciones como un ataque cardíaco, un accidente cerebrovascular, demencia vascular o la pérdida de una extremidad.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la ateroesclerosis?\nPara saber si tiene aterosclerosis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y de salud familiar\n• Preguntará sobre su estilo de vida y los factores de riesgo de acumulación de placa en las arterias\n• Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo escuchar su corazón y el flujo de sangre en sus arterias\n• Es probable que solicite pruebas, como análisis de sangre y pruebas de salud del corazón\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la ateroesclerosis?\nSi tiene ateroesclerosis, su profesional de la salud trabajará con usted para crear un plan de tratamiento apropiado para su salud. Su plan dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas, qué tan bloqueado está el flujo sanguíneo y qué otros problemas médicos tenga. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón\n• Medicamentos para:\n• Manejar sus factores de riesgo\n• Tratar la ateroesclerosis o sus complicaciones\n• Tratar cualquier problema médico que tenga y que pueda empeorar la acumulación de placa\n• Procedimientos o cirugías para tratar enfermedades o complicaciones causadas por la acumulación de placa. El tipo específico de procedimiento o cirugía dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas\n• Rehabilitación cardíaca, si ha tenido ciertas complicaciones por ateroesclerosis\n¿Se puede prevenir la ateroesclerosis?\nHay medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir la ateroesclerosis:\n• Elija alimentos saludables para el corazón, como frutas, verduras y cereales integrales. Limite los alimentos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas, sal y azúcares añadidos\n• Haga actividad física regularmente: Antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicios, pregúntele a su proveedor de atención médica qué nivel de actividad física es el adecuado para usted\n• Trate de lograr un peso saludable\n• Limite la cantidad de alcohol que consume: Beber menos es mejor para la salud que beber más. Los hombres deben limitar su consumo a 2 bebidas o menos al día. Las mujeres deben beber 1 trago o menos por día\n• Controle el estrés\n• Si fuma, deje de fumar\n• Evite el humo de segunda mano\n• Duerma lo suficiente y de buena calidad\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0251","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pulmonary-embolism","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pulmonary-embolism","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I26","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pulmonary Embolism","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Embolia pulmonar","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Embolie pulmonară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الانصمام الرئوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Plicní embolie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lungenembolie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονική εμβολή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Embolie pulmonaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फुफ्फुसीय एम्बोलिज़्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tüdőembólia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Embolia polmonare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肺塞栓症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"폐색전증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatorowość płucna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Embolia pulmonar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тромбоэмболия лёгочной артерии","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pľúcna embólia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akciğer embolisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тромбоемболія легеневої артерії","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肺栓塞","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Blood clots in the lung"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pulmonary Embolism","text":"What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?\nA pulmonary embolism (PE) is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. It usually happens when a blood clot breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. PE is a serious condition that can cause:\n• Permanent damage to the lungs\n• Low oxygen levels in your blood\n• Damage to other organs in your body from not getting enough oxygen\nPE can be life-threatening, especially if a clot is large, or if there are many clots.\nWhat causes a pulmonary embolism (PE)?\nThe cause is usually a blood clot that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. The clot is usually a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a clot in the leg. In rare cases, material such as air bubbles, clumps of fat, or parts of a tumor can block the lung artery and cause PE.\nWho is more likely to develop a pulmonary embolism (PE)?\nAnyone can get a pulmonary embolism (PE), but certain things can raise your risk of PE:\n• Having surgery, especially joint replacement surgery.\n• Certain medical conditions, including\n• Cancers\n• Heart diseases\n• Lung diseases\n• A broken hip or leg bone or other trauma\n• Hormone-based medicines, such as birth control pills or hormone therapy for menopause.\n• Pregnancy and childbirth. The risk is highest for about six weeks after childbirth.\n• Not moving for long periods, such as being on bed rest, having a cast, or taking a long plane flight.\n• Age. Your risk increases as you get older, especially after age 40.\n• Family history and genetics. Certain genetic changes that can increase your risk of blood clots and PE.\n• Obesity.\nWhat are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?\nSymptoms of PE include:\n• Shortness of breath\n• Rapid breathing\n• Chest pain or discomfort, which usually gets worse when you cough or take a deep breath\n• Increased heart rate\n• Coughing up blood\n• Very low blood pressure, lightheadedness, or fainting\nSometimes people with PE don't have any symptoms until they have serious complications, such as pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs).\nHow is a pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed?\nIt can be difficult to diagnose PE. To find out if you have a PE, your health care provider will:\n• Take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms and risk factors for PE\n• Do a physical exam\n• Likely order some tests, including various imaging and blood tests\nWhat are the treatments for a pulmonary embolism (PE)?\nIf you have PE, you need medical treatment right away. The goal of treatment is to break up clots and help keep other clots from forming. Treatment options include medicines and procedures.\nMedicines:\n• Anticoagulants, or blood thinners, keep blood clots from getting larger and stop new clots from forming. You might get them as an injection, a pill, or through an I.V. (intravenous). They can cause bleeding, especially if you are taking other medicines that also thin your blood, such as aspirin.\n• Thrombolytics are medicines to dissolve blood clots. You may get them if you have large clots that cause severe symptoms or other serious complications. Thrombolytics can cause sudden bleeding, so they are used if your PE is serious and may be life-threatening.\nProcedures:\n• Catheter-assisted thrombus removal uses a flexible tube to reach a blood clot in your lung. Your health care provider can insert a tool in the tube to break up the clot or to deliver medicine through the tube. Usually you will get medicine to put you to sleep for this procedure.\n• A vena cava filter may be used in some people who cannot take blood thinners. Your health care provider inserts a filter inside a large vein called the vena cava. The filter catches blood clots before they travel to the lungs, which prevents pulmonary embolism. But the filter does not stop new blood clots from forming.\nCan pulmonary embolism (PE) be prevented?\nPreventing new blood clots can prevent PE. Prevention may include:\n• Continuing to take blood thinners. It's also important to get regular checkups with your provider, to make sure that the dosage of your medicines is working to prevent blood clots but not causing bleeding.\n• Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, such as heart-healthy eating, exercise, and, if you smoke, quitting smoking.\nUsing compression stockings to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).\n• Moving your legs when sitting for long periods of time (such as on long trips).\n• Moving around as soon as possible after surgery or being confined to a bed.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Embolia pulmonar","text":"¿Qué es una embolia pulmonar?\nUna embolia pulmonar es un bloqueo súbito de una arteria pulmonar. Puede ocurrir después de que un coágulo se desprenda y viaje por el torrente sanguíneo hacia los pulmones. La embolia pulmonar es un cuadro serio que puede causar:\n• Daño permanente en los pulmones\n• Bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre\n• Lesiones en otros órganos del cuerpo por no recibir suficiente oxígeno\nLa embolia pulmonar puede ser potencialmente mortal, sobre todo si un coágulo es grande o si hay muchos coágulos.\n¿Qué causa una embolia pulmonar?\nLa causa suele ser un coágulo de sangre que se desprende y viaja por el torrente sanguíneo a los pulmones. El coágulo suele ser una trombosis venosa profunda, un coágulo en la pierna. En casos raros, burbujas de aire, fragmentos de grasa o partes de un tumor pueden bloquear la arteria pulmonar y causar embolia pulmonar.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una embolia pulmonar?\nCualquier persona puede tener una embolia pulmonar, pero ciertas cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de sufrirla:\n• Cirugías: Especialmente cirugía de reemplazo articular\n• Afecciones médicas, incluyendo:\n• Cáncer\n• Enfermedades del corazón\n• Enfermedades pulmonares\n• Fractura de cadera o pierna o algún otro trauma\n• Medicamentos hormonales: Como píldoras anticonceptivas o terapia hormonal para la menopausia\n• Embarazo y parto: El riesgo es mayor unas seis semanas después del parto\n• No moverse por mucho tiempo: Estar en reposo en cama, tener un yeso o tomar un vuelo largo en avión puede aumentar el riesgo\n• Envejecimiento: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece, especialmente después de los 40 años\n• Historia familiar y genética: Ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de coágulos de sangre y embolia pulmonar\n• Obesidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de una embolia pulmonar?\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Falta de aliento\n• Respiración rápida\n• Dolor o malestar de pecho que en general empeora al toser o respirar profundamente\n• Aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca\n• Toser sangre\n• Presión arterial muy baja, mareos o desmayo\nEn ocasiones, las personas con embolia pulmonar no muestran síntomas hasta que presentan complicaciones graves, como hipertensión pulmonar (presión arterial alta en las arterias de los pulmones).\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la embolia pulmonar?\nPuede ser difícil diagnosticar la embolia pulmonar. Para saber si tiene una embolia pulmonar, su profesional de la salud va a:\n• Tomar en cuenta su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas y factores de riesgo de embolia pulmonar\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Realizar algunas pruebas, incluyendo varias pruebas de imagen y posiblemente algunas pruebas de sangre\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para una embolia pulmonar?\nSi tiene embolia pulmonar, necesita tratamiento médico de inmediato. El objetivo del tratamiento es romper los coágulos y evitar que se formen nuevos coágulos. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos y procedimientos médicos.\nMedicamentos\n• Anticoagulantes: Evitan que los coágulos de sangre crezcan y evitan que se formen nuevos coágulos. Puede recibirlos como una inyección, una píldora o por vía intravenosa. Pueden causar sangrado, especialmente si está tomando otros medicamentos que también adelgazan la sangre, como la aspirina\n• Trombolíticos: Son medicamentos que disuelven los coágulos de sangre. Puede tomarlos si tiene coágulos grandes que causan síntomas graves u otras complicaciones serias. Los trombolíticos pueden causar sangrado repentino, por lo que se usan si su embolia pulmonar es grave y puede poner en peligro su vida\nProcedimientos médicos\n• Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter: Utiliza un tubo flexible para llegar a un coágulo de sangre en el pulmón. Su profesional de la salud puede insertar una herramienta en el tubo para romper el coágulo o para administrar el medicamento a través del tubo. Por lo general, se utiliza anestesia para este procedimiento\n• Filtro en la vena cava para personas que no pueden tomar anticoagulantes: Su proveedor de atención médica le insertará un filtro en una vena grande llamada vena cava. El filtro atrapa los coágulos de sangre antes de que lleguen a los pulmones, lo que evita la embolia pulmonar. Sin embargo, el filtro no previene la formación de nuevos coágulos de sangre\n¿Se puede prevenir la embolia pulmonar?\nLa prevención de la formación de nuevos coágulos de sangre puede evitar la embolia pulmonar. La prevención puede incluir:\n• Seguir tomando anticoagulantes. También es importante que se haga chequeos regulares con su profesional de la salud, para verificar que la dosis de sus medicamentos esté funcionando para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre, pero que a la vez no cause sangrado\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida para la salud del corazón, como una alimentación saludable para el corazón, el ejercicio y, si fuma, dejar de fumar\n• Usar medias de compresión para prevenir la trombosis venosa profunda\n• Mover las piernas cuando está sentado por mucho tiempo (como en viajes largos)\n• Moverse tan pronto sea posible después de una cirugía o estar postrado en una cama\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0140","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pulmonary Embolism — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0292","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pulmonary Embolism — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0252","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-pericarditis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-pericarditis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I30","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pericardită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب التامور الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní perikarditida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Herzbeutelentzündung (Perikarditis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία περικαρδίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pericarditis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Péricardite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र पेरिकार्डिटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut szívburokgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pericardite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性心膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 심낭염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie osierdzia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pericardite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый перикардит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútna perikarditída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut perikardit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий перикардит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性心包炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute pericarditis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pericardial Disorders","text":"The pericardium is a membrane, or sac, that surrounds your heart. It holds the heart in place and helps it work properly. Problems with the pericardium include:\n• Pericarditis - an inflammation of the sac. It can be from a virus or other infection, a heart attack, heart surgery, other medical conditions, injuries, and certain medicines.\n• Pericardial effusion - the buildup of fluid in the sac\n• Cardiac tamponade - a serious problem in which buildup of fluid in the sac causes problems with the function of the heart\nSymptoms of pericardial problems include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis. Your doctor may use a physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the cause.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del pericardio","text":"El pericardio es una membrana o saco, que rodea el corazón. Sostiene el corazón en su lugar y ayuda a que funcione correctamente. Los problemas con el pericardio incluyen:\n• La pericarditis, una inflamación del saco. Puede ser causada por un virus u otra infección, ataque al corazón, cirugía de corazón, otras afecciones médicas, lesiones y ciertos medicamentos\n• Derrame pericárdico, acumulación de líquido en el saco\n• Taponamiento cardíaco, un problema grave en el cual la acumulación de líquido en el saco causa problemas con el funcionamiento del corazón\nLos síntomas de los problemas pericárdicos incluyen dolor en el pecho, palpitaciones y dificultad para respirar. La fiebre es un síntoma común de pericarditis aguda. Para el diagnóstico, su doctor puede hacer un examen físico, pruebas con imágenes y/o pruebas para el corazón. El tratamiento depende de la causa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0253","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-diseases-of-the-pericardium","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-diseases-of-the-pericardium","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I31","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other diseases of the pericardium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale pericardului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في التامور","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci osrdečníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Herzbeutels","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις του περικαρδίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades del pericardio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies du péricarde","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेरिकार्डियम के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A szívburok egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie del pericardio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の心膜疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 심낭 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby osierdzia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças do pericárdio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни перикарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby osrdcovníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer perikard hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби перикарда","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他心包疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pericardial Disorders","text":"The pericardium is a membrane, or sac, that surrounds your heart. It holds the heart in place and helps it work properly. Problems with the pericardium include:\n• Pericarditis - an inflammation of the sac. It can be from a virus or other infection, a heart attack, heart surgery, other medical conditions, injuries, and certain medicines.\n• Pericardial effusion - the buildup of fluid in the sac\n• Cardiac tamponade - a serious problem in which buildup of fluid in the sac causes problems with the function of the heart\nSymptoms of pericardial problems include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis. Your doctor may use a physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the cause.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del pericardio","text":"El pericardio es una membrana o saco, que rodea el corazón. Sostiene el corazón en su lugar y ayuda a que funcione correctamente. Los problemas con el pericardio incluyen:\n• La pericarditis, una inflamación del saco. Puede ser causada por un virus u otra infección, ataque al corazón, cirugía de corazón, otras afecciones médicas, lesiones y ciertos medicamentos\n• Derrame pericárdico, acumulación de líquido en el saco\n• Taponamiento cardíaco, un problema grave en el cual la acumulación de líquido en el saco causa problemas con el funcionamiento del corazón\nLos síntomas de los problemas pericárdicos incluyen dolor en el pecho, palpitaciones y dificultad para respirar. La fiebre es un síntoma común de pericarditis aguda. Para el diagnóstico, su doctor puede hacer un examen físico, pruebas con imágenes y/o pruebas para el corazón. El tratamiento depende de la causa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0254","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pericarditis-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pericarditis-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I32","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BB20.Y","display":"Other specified acute pericarditis","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2099186145/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2099186145/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pericarditis in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pericardită în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب التامور في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Perikarditida u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Perikarditis bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Περικαρδίτιδα σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pericarditis en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Péricardite au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में पेरिकार्डिटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívburokgyulladás egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pericardite in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による心膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 심낭염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie osierdzia w przebiegu innych chorób","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pericardite em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Перикардит при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Perikarditída pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda perikardit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Перикардит при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的心包炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pericardial Disorders","text":"The pericardium is a membrane, or sac, that surrounds your heart. It holds the heart in place and helps it work properly. Problems with the pericardium include:\n• Pericarditis - an inflammation of the sac. It can be from a virus or other infection, a heart attack, heart surgery, other medical conditions, injuries, and certain medicines.\n• Pericardial effusion - the buildup of fluid in the sac\n• Cardiac tamponade - a serious problem in which buildup of fluid in the sac causes problems with the function of the heart\nSymptoms of pericardial problems include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis. Your doctor may use a physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the cause.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos del pericardio","text":"El pericardio es una membrana o saco, que rodea el corazón. Sostiene el corazón en su lugar y ayuda a que funcione correctamente. Los problemas con el pericardio incluyen:\n• La pericarditis, una inflamación del saco. Puede ser causada por un virus u otra infección, ataque al corazón, cirugía de corazón, otras afecciones médicas, lesiones y ciertos medicamentos\n• Derrame pericárdico, acumulación de líquido en el saco\n• Taponamiento cardíaco, un problema grave en el cual la acumulación de líquido en el saco causa problemas con el funcionamiento del corazón\nLos síntomas de los problemas pericárdicos incluyen dolor en el pecho, palpitaciones y dificultad para respirar. La fiebre es un síntoma común de pericarditis aguda. Para el diagnóstico, su doctor puede hacer un examen físico, pruebas con imágenes y/o pruebas para el corazón. El tratamiento depende de la causa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0255","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-or-subacute-endocarditis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-or-subacute-endocarditis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I33","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Endocardită acută și subacută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الشغاف الحاد وتحت الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní a subakutní endokarditida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute und subakute Endokarditis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία και υποξεία ενδοκαρδίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Endocarditis aguda y subaguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite aiguë et subaiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र और उप-तीव्र एंडोकार्डिटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut és szubakut szívbelhártya-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite acuta e subacuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性・亜急性心内膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 및 아급성 심내막염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre i podostre zapalenie wsierdzia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite aguda e subaguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый и подострый эндокардит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútna a subakútna endokarditída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut ve subakut endokardit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий і підгострий ендокардит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性和亚急性心内膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute and subacute endocarditis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Endocarditis","text":"What is endocarditis?\nEndocarditis is sometimes called infective endocarditis. It's a rare but life-threatening inflammation of the lining inside your heart's chambers and valves (the endocardium).\nEndocarditis is usually caused by germs that get into your bloodstream and travel to your heart. Once they get inside your heart, the germs can attach to the lining or get trapped in the valves. They start to grow, causing an infection. If not treated quickly, the infection can cause damage to the heart and lead to serious health problems.\nWhat causes endocarditis?\nBacterial infections cause most endocarditis. Normally, many bacteria live in your mouth, on your skin, or in other parts of the body. Sometimes the bacteria can get into your bloodstream from injuries such cuts or scrapes. Dental work and certain surgeries can also allow small amounts of bacteria to enter your bloodstream.\nIn some cases, fungal infections cause endocarditis. The fungi, such as yeast, can live in parts of your body. Fungal infections generally happen in people who have weakened immune systems that can't stop the fungus from growing. This includes people who have HIV.\nWho is more likely to develop endocarditis?\nIn general, endocarditis is rare. If you're healthy, your immune system usually destroys the germs in your bloodstream before they can cause harm.\nBut your chance of developing endocarditis may be higher than most people if you:\n• Have certain heart conditions. Damaged or abnormal heart tissue and devices in your heart can trap germs more easily than healthy heart tissue. That means your risk of endocarditis is higher if you have:\n• Heart valve disease.\n• Certain congenital heart defects.\n• A pacemaker or an implantable defibrillator.\n• A heart valve replacement.\n• Are older. Age-related changes to the heart valves, such as mitral valve prolapse or calcium deposits in the aortic valve, create places for germs to attach to the heart.\n• Inject illegal drugs. Unclean needles may carry bacteria into the bloodstream.\n• Have a condition that weakens your immune system.\n• Don't take care of your teeth and gums. Poor dental health makes it easier for germs to get into your bloodstream through your gums and mouth.\n• Have a long-term central venous line, a tube that stays in a large vein for weeks or months for medical treatment.\n• Have already had endocarditis. Endocarditis can damage heart tissue, which increases your risk of getting it again.\nWhat are the symptoms of endocarditis?\nEndocarditis symptoms may be severe or very mild. They may start suddenly or slowly. And they can vary from person to person. The possible symptoms of endocarditis include:\n• Fever and chills\n• New or worsening heart murmur (an unusual sound heard between heartbeats)\n• Chest pain\n• Cough\n• Muscle, joint, and back pain\n• Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)\n• Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air)\n• Skin changes, including:\n• Broken blood vessels\n• Painful red or purple bumps\n• Painless flat red spots on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet\nWhat other problems can endocarditis cause?\nWhen the germs are in your heart, they can clump together with blood cells. These clumps can break off and travel through your bloodstream. They may block blood flow, spread infection, or damage your organs, including your brain, lungs, kidneys, and spleen.\nEndocarditis may sometimes lead to sepsis, a medical emergency that happens when your body has an extreme response to the infection.\nEndocarditis can also cause serious heart problems including:\n• Heart valve damage\n• Heart failure\n• Arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)\nHow is endocarditis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have endocarditis, your health care provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, recent illnesses, and other health conditions that affect your chance of developing endocarditis.\n• Do a physical exam.\n• Likely order tests, such as:\n• Blood tests to check for signs of infection, bacteria, or fungi in your blood.\n• Chest x-rays.\n• Heart tests.\nWhat are the treatments for endocarditis?\nIf you have endocarditis, it's important to get treatment quickly. Treatments may include:\n• Medicines:\n• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are usually started through an intravenous (IV) line in the hospital.\n• Antifungal medicine to treat fungal infections. Your provider may suggest taking antifungal medicine for the rest of your life to prevent the infection from coming back.\n• Heart surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged valves and heart tissue. Surgery may also be done to remove infected tissue.\n• Dental care, especially cleanings, can help reduce the amount of bacteria that grows in your mouth.\nTreatment may last weeks, and you may need tests to make sure it's working. Your provider will also check you for problems that could develop from endocarditis, such as heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.\nCan endocarditis be prevented?\nIf you have a higher chance of developing endocarditis than most people, you can reduce your risk if you:\n• Take good care of your teeth and gums every day\n• Have dental exams and cleaning at your dentist's office every 6 months\n• Make heart-healthy habits part of your daily life to help prevent heart disease\n• Call your health care provider right away if you have symptoms that could be endocarditis\nPeople with the highest risk for bacterial endocarditis need antibiotics before dental visits or certain medical or surgical procedures. Ask your provider if you're part of the highest risk group. If so, let all your providers know about your risk.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Endocarditis","text":"¿Qué es la endocarditis?\nLa endocarditis a veces también es llamada endocarditis infecciosa. Es una inflamación rara, pero potencialmente mortal, de la membrana dentro de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón (el endocardio).\nLa endocarditis por lo general es causada por gérmenes que entran en el torrente sanguíneo y viajan al corazón. Una vez dentro del corazón, los gérmenes pueden adjuntarse a la membrana o quedar atrapados en las válvulas. Los gérmenes empiezan a crecer, causando infección. Si no se trata rápido, la infección puede causar daño al corazón y provocar problemas de salud serios.\n¿Qué causa la endocarditis?\nLas infecciones bacterianas causan la mayoría de la endocarditis. Normalmente, muchas bacterias viven en su boca, en su piel y en otras partes del cuerpo. A veces las bacterias pueden entrar en su torrente sanguíneo por lesiones como cortes o raspaduras. Tratamiento dental y ciertas cirugías también pueden permitir que pequeñas cantidades de bacterias entren en su torrente sanguíneo.\nEn algunos casos, infecciones por hongos causan endocarditis. Los hongos, como cándida, pueden vivir en partes de su cuerpo. Las infecciones por hongos por lo general suceden en personas que tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, que no puede detener el crecimiento de los hongos. Esto incluye personas que tienen VIH.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar endocarditis?\nPor lo general, la endocarditis es rara. Si usted está sano, su sistema inmunitario usualmente destruye los gérmenes en su torrente sanguíneo antes de que causen daño.\nSin embargo, su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis puede ser más alta que la mayoría de las personas si usted:\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones cardiacas: Tejido cardiaco dañado o anormal y dispositivos en su corazón pueden atrapar gérmenes más fácilmente que un tejido cardiaco sano. Esto significa que su riesgo de endocarditis es más alto si usted tiene:\n• Enfermedad de las válvulas del corazón\n• Ciertos defectos congénitos del corazón\n• Un marcapasos o desfibrilador implantable\n• Un reemplazo de válvula del corazón\n• Tiene más edad: Cambios de las válvulas del corazón relacionados con la edad, como prolapso de la válvula mitral o depósitos de calcio en la válvula aórtica, crean lugares para que los gérmenes se adjunten al corazón\n• Se inyecta drogas ilegales: Agujas sucias pueden llevar bacterias al torrente sanguíneo\n• Tiene una afección que debilita el sistema inmunitario\n• No cuida sus dientes y encias: Una mala salud dental hace que sea fácil que los gérmenes entren en su torrente sanguíneo a través de sus encías y boca\n• Tiene una línea venosa central a largo plazo, un tubo que se queda en una vena grande durante semanas o meses por tratamiento médico\n• Ya ha tenido endocarditis: La endocarditis puede dañar el tejido cardiaco, lo cual incrementa su riesgo de tenerla nuevamente\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de endocarditis?\nLos síntomas de endocarditis pueden ser severos o muy leves. Pueden empezar repentina o lentamente. Los síntomas también pueden variar de persona a persona. Los posibles síntomas de endocarditis incluyen:\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Soplo cardiaco nuevo o que empeora (un sonido inusual que se escucha entre los latidos)\n• Dolor de pecho\n• Tos\n• Dolor muscular, en las articulaciones y la espalda\n• Sudoración nocturna (sudoración abundante durante el sueño)\n• Falta de aliento (sentir que le falta el aire)\n• Cambios en la piel, incluyendo:\n• Vasos sanguíneos rotos\n• Protuberancias rojas o moradas dolorosas\n• Manchas rojas planas en la palma de las manos o en la planta de los pies\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la endocarditis?\nCuando los gérmenes están en su corazón, pueden agruparse con las células sanguíneas. Estas agrupaciones pueden separarse y moverse a través de su torrente sanguíneo. Pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo, propagar la infección o dañar sus órganos, incluyendo su cerebro, pulmones, riñones y bazo.\nLa endocarditis a veces puede provocar sepsis, una emergencia médica que sucede cuando su cuerpo tiene una respuesta extrema a una infección.\nLa endocarditis también puede causar problemas cardiacos serios, incluyendo:\n• Daño a las válvulas cardiacas\n• Insuficiencia cardiaca\n• Arritmia (un problema con la frecuencia y el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la endocarditis?\nPara averiguar si usted tiene endocarditis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará acerca de su historia clínica, incluyendo síntomas, afecciones recientes y otros problemas de salud que afectan su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis\n• Hará un examen físico\n• Probablemente ordenará pruebas como:\n• Pruebas de sangre para revisar por síntomas de infección, bacterias u hongos en su sangre\n• Rayos x en el pecho\n• Pruebas del corazón\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para endocarditis?\nSi usted tiene endocarditis, es importante obtener tratamiento rápidamente. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos:\n• Antibióticos para tratar infecciones bacterianas. Los antibióticos por lo general se empiezan de forma intravenosa en el hospital\n• Medicamentos antimicóticos para tratar infecciones por hongos. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir tomar medicamentos antimicóticos por el resto de su vida para prevenir que regrese la infección\n• Cirugía del corazón puede necesitarse para reparar o reemplazar válvulas y tejido cardiaco dañado. La cirugía también puede realizarse para remover tejido infectado\n• Cuidado dental, en especial limpiezas, para ayudar a prevenir la cantidad de bacterias que crecen en su boca\nEl tratamiento puede durar semanas y usted puede necesitar pruebas para asegurarse que está funcionando. Su profesional de la salud también revisará si hay problemas que puedan desarrollarse por la endocarditis, como insuficiencia cardiaca o latidos cardiacos irregulares.\n¿Se puede prevenir la endocarditis?\nSi usted tiene probabilidades más altas que otras personas de desarrollar endocarditis, puede reducir su riesgo si:\n• Cuida bien de sus dientes y encías todos los días\n• Tiene exámenes y limpiezas dentales cada 6 meses\n• Tiene hábitos para un corazón sano en su vida diaria, para ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades del corazón\n• Llama a su profesional de la salud enseguida si usted tiene síntomas que podrían ser de endocarditis\nLas personas con mayor riesgo de endocarditis bacteriana necesitan tomar antibióticos antes de las visitas dentales o ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si usted es parte de un grupo de alto riesgo. Si es así, comunique a todos sus profesionales de la salud acerca de su riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0256","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"endocarditis-valve-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/endocarditis-valve-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I38","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BC0Z","display":"Heart valve diseases, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1121431779/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1121431779/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Endocarditis (valve not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Endocardită (valvă nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الشغاف (صمام غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Endokarditida (chlopeň neurčena)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Endokarditis (Klappe nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδοκαρδίτιδα (μη καθορισμένη βαλβίδα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Endocarditis (válvula no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite (valve non précisée)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एंडोकार्डिटिस (वाल्व अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívbelhártya-gyulladás (billentyű nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite (valvola non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心内膜炎（弁不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심내막염(판막 미상)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie wsierdzia (zastawka nieokreślona)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite (válvula não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эндокардит (клапан не уточнён)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Endokarditída (chlopňa neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Endokardit (kapak belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ендокардит (клапан не уточнено)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心内膜炎（瓣膜未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Endocarditis","text":"What is endocarditis?\nEndocarditis is sometimes called infective endocarditis. It's a rare but life-threatening inflammation of the lining inside your heart's chambers and valves (the endocardium).\nEndocarditis is usually caused by germs that get into your bloodstream and travel to your heart. Once they get inside your heart, the germs can attach to the lining or get trapped in the valves. They start to grow, causing an infection. If not treated quickly, the infection can cause damage to the heart and lead to serious health problems.\nWhat causes endocarditis?\nBacterial infections cause most endocarditis. Normally, many bacteria live in your mouth, on your skin, or in other parts of the body. Sometimes the bacteria can get into your bloodstream from injuries such cuts or scrapes. Dental work and certain surgeries can also allow small amounts of bacteria to enter your bloodstream.\nIn some cases, fungal infections cause endocarditis. The fungi, such as yeast, can live in parts of your body. Fungal infections generally happen in people who have weakened immune systems that can't stop the fungus from growing. This includes people who have HIV.\nWho is more likely to develop endocarditis?\nIn general, endocarditis is rare. If you're healthy, your immune system usually destroys the germs in your bloodstream before they can cause harm.\nBut your chance of developing endocarditis may be higher than most people if you:\n• Have certain heart conditions. Damaged or abnormal heart tissue and devices in your heart can trap germs more easily than healthy heart tissue. That means your risk of endocarditis is higher if you have:\n• Heart valve disease.\n• Certain congenital heart defects.\n• A pacemaker or an implantable defibrillator.\n• A heart valve replacement.\n• Are older. Age-related changes to the heart valves, such as mitral valve prolapse or calcium deposits in the aortic valve, create places for germs to attach to the heart.\n• Inject illegal drugs. Unclean needles may carry bacteria into the bloodstream.\n• Have a condition that weakens your immune system.\n• Don't take care of your teeth and gums. Poor dental health makes it easier for germs to get into your bloodstream through your gums and mouth.\n• Have a long-term central venous line, a tube that stays in a large vein for weeks or months for medical treatment.\n• Have already had endocarditis. Endocarditis can damage heart tissue, which increases your risk of getting it again.\nWhat are the symptoms of endocarditis?\nEndocarditis symptoms may be severe or very mild. They may start suddenly or slowly. And they can vary from person to person. The possible symptoms of endocarditis include:\n• Fever and chills\n• New or worsening heart murmur (an unusual sound heard between heartbeats)\n• Chest pain\n• Cough\n• Muscle, joint, and back pain\n• Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)\n• Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air)\n• Skin changes, including:\n• Broken blood vessels\n• Painful red or purple bumps\n• Painless flat red spots on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet\nWhat other problems can endocarditis cause?\nWhen the germs are in your heart, they can clump together with blood cells. These clumps can break off and travel through your bloodstream. They may block blood flow, spread infection, or damage your organs, including your brain, lungs, kidneys, and spleen.\nEndocarditis may sometimes lead to sepsis, a medical emergency that happens when your body has an extreme response to the infection.\nEndocarditis can also cause serious heart problems including:\n• Heart valve damage\n• Heart failure\n• Arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)\nHow is endocarditis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have endocarditis, your health care provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, recent illnesses, and other health conditions that affect your chance of developing endocarditis.\n• Do a physical exam.\n• Likely order tests, such as:\n• Blood tests to check for signs of infection, bacteria, or fungi in your blood.\n• Chest x-rays.\n• Heart tests.\nWhat are the treatments for endocarditis?\nIf you have endocarditis, it's important to get treatment quickly. Treatments may include:\n• Medicines:\n• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are usually started through an intravenous (IV) line in the hospital.\n• Antifungal medicine to treat fungal infections. Your provider may suggest taking antifungal medicine for the rest of your life to prevent the infection from coming back.\n• Heart surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged valves and heart tissue. Surgery may also be done to remove infected tissue.\n• Dental care, especially cleanings, can help reduce the amount of bacteria that grows in your mouth.\nTreatment may last weeks, and you may need tests to make sure it's working. Your provider will also check you for problems that could develop from endocarditis, such as heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.\nCan endocarditis be prevented?\nIf you have a higher chance of developing endocarditis than most people, you can reduce your risk if you:\n• Take good care of your teeth and gums every day\n• Have dental exams and cleaning at your dentist's office every 6 months\n• Make heart-healthy habits part of your daily life to help prevent heart disease\n• Call your health care provider right away if you have symptoms that could be endocarditis\nPeople with the highest risk for bacterial endocarditis need antibiotics before dental visits or certain medical or surgical procedures. Ask your provider if you're part of the highest risk group. If so, let all your providers know about your risk.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Endocarditis","text":"¿Qué es la endocarditis?\nLa endocarditis a veces también es llamada endocarditis infecciosa. Es una inflamación rara, pero potencialmente mortal, de la membrana dentro de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón (el endocardio).\nLa endocarditis por lo general es causada por gérmenes que entran en el torrente sanguíneo y viajan al corazón. Una vez dentro del corazón, los gérmenes pueden adjuntarse a la membrana o quedar atrapados en las válvulas. Los gérmenes empiezan a crecer, causando infección. Si no se trata rápido, la infección puede causar daño al corazón y provocar problemas de salud serios.\n¿Qué causa la endocarditis?\nLas infecciones bacterianas causan la mayoría de la endocarditis. Normalmente, muchas bacterias viven en su boca, en su piel y en otras partes del cuerpo. A veces las bacterias pueden entrar en su torrente sanguíneo por lesiones como cortes o raspaduras. Tratamiento dental y ciertas cirugías también pueden permitir que pequeñas cantidades de bacterias entren en su torrente sanguíneo.\nEn algunos casos, infecciones por hongos causan endocarditis. Los hongos, como cándida, pueden vivir en partes de su cuerpo. Las infecciones por hongos por lo general suceden en personas que tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, que no puede detener el crecimiento de los hongos. Esto incluye personas que tienen VIH.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar endocarditis?\nPor lo general, la endocarditis es rara. Si usted está sano, su sistema inmunitario usualmente destruye los gérmenes en su torrente sanguíneo antes de que causen daño.\nSin embargo, su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis puede ser más alta que la mayoría de las personas si usted:\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones cardiacas: Tejido cardiaco dañado o anormal y dispositivos en su corazón pueden atrapar gérmenes más fácilmente que un tejido cardiaco sano. Esto significa que su riesgo de endocarditis es más alto si usted tiene:\n• Enfermedad de las válvulas del corazón\n• Ciertos defectos congénitos del corazón\n• Un marcapasos o desfibrilador implantable\n• Un reemplazo de válvula del corazón\n• Tiene más edad: Cambios de las válvulas del corazón relacionados con la edad, como prolapso de la válvula mitral o depósitos de calcio en la válvula aórtica, crean lugares para que los gérmenes se adjunten al corazón\n• Se inyecta drogas ilegales: Agujas sucias pueden llevar bacterias al torrente sanguíneo\n• Tiene una afección que debilita el sistema inmunitario\n• No cuida sus dientes y encias: Una mala salud dental hace que sea fácil que los gérmenes entren en su torrente sanguíneo a través de sus encías y boca\n• Tiene una línea venosa central a largo plazo, un tubo que se queda en una vena grande durante semanas o meses por tratamiento médico\n• Ya ha tenido endocarditis: La endocarditis puede dañar el tejido cardiaco, lo cual incrementa su riesgo de tenerla nuevamente\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de endocarditis?\nLos síntomas de endocarditis pueden ser severos o muy leves. Pueden empezar repentina o lentamente. Los síntomas también pueden variar de persona a persona. Los posibles síntomas de endocarditis incluyen:\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Soplo cardiaco nuevo o que empeora (un sonido inusual que se escucha entre los latidos)\n• Dolor de pecho\n• Tos\n• Dolor muscular, en las articulaciones y la espalda\n• Sudoración nocturna (sudoración abundante durante el sueño)\n• Falta de aliento (sentir que le falta el aire)\n• Cambios en la piel, incluyendo:\n• Vasos sanguíneos rotos\n• Protuberancias rojas o moradas dolorosas\n• Manchas rojas planas en la palma de las manos o en la planta de los pies\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la endocarditis?\nCuando los gérmenes están en su corazón, pueden agruparse con las células sanguíneas. Estas agrupaciones pueden separarse y moverse a través de su torrente sanguíneo. Pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo, propagar la infección o dañar sus órganos, incluyendo su cerebro, pulmones, riñones y bazo.\nLa endocarditis a veces puede provocar sepsis, una emergencia médica que sucede cuando su cuerpo tiene una respuesta extrema a una infección.\nLa endocarditis también puede causar problemas cardiacos serios, incluyendo:\n• Daño a las válvulas cardiacas\n• Insuficiencia cardiaca\n• Arritmia (un problema con la frecuencia y el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la endocarditis?\nPara averiguar si usted tiene endocarditis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará acerca de su historia clínica, incluyendo síntomas, afecciones recientes y otros problemas de salud que afectan su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis\n• Hará un examen físico\n• Probablemente ordenará pruebas como:\n• Pruebas de sangre para revisar por síntomas de infección, bacterias u hongos en su sangre\n• Rayos x en el pecho\n• Pruebas del corazón\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para endocarditis?\nSi usted tiene endocarditis, es importante obtener tratamiento rápidamente. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos:\n• Antibióticos para tratar infecciones bacterianas. Los antibióticos por lo general se empiezan de forma intravenosa en el hospital\n• Medicamentos antimicóticos para tratar infecciones por hongos. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir tomar medicamentos antimicóticos por el resto de su vida para prevenir que regrese la infección\n• Cirugía del corazón puede necesitarse para reparar o reemplazar válvulas y tejido cardiaco dañado. La cirugía también puede realizarse para remover tejido infectado\n• Cuidado dental, en especial limpiezas, para ayudar a prevenir la cantidad de bacterias que crecen en su boca\nEl tratamiento puede durar semanas y usted puede necesitar pruebas para asegurarse que está funcionando. Su profesional de la salud también revisará si hay problemas que puedan desarrollarse por la endocarditis, como insuficiencia cardiaca o latidos cardiacos irregulares.\n¿Se puede prevenir la endocarditis?\nSi usted tiene probabilidades más altas que otras personas de desarrollar endocarditis, puede reducir su riesgo si:\n• Cuida bien de sus dientes y encías todos los días\n• Tiene exámenes y limpiezas dentales cada 6 meses\n• Tiene hábitos para un corazón sano en su vida diaria, para ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades del corazón\n• Llama a su profesional de la salud enseguida si usted tiene síntomas que podrían ser de endocarditis\nLas personas con mayor riesgo de endocarditis bacteriana necesitan tomar antibióticos antes de las visitas dentales o ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si usted es parte de un grupo de alto riesgo. Si es así, comunique a todos sus profesionales de la salud acerca de su riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0257","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"endocarditis-and-heart-valve-disorders-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/endocarditis-and-heart-valve-disorders-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I39","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BC0Z","display":"Heart valve diseases, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1121431779/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1121431779/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Endocarditis and heart valve disorders in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Endocardită și valvulopatii în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الشغاف واضطرابات صمامات القلب في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Endokarditida a chlopenní vady u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Endokarditis und Herzklappenkrankheiten bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδοκαρδίτιδα και βαλβιδοπάθειες σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Endocarditis y valvulopatías en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite et valvulopathies au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में एंडोकार्डिटिस और हृदय वाल्व विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívbelhártya-gyulladás és billentyűbetegségek egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite e valvulopatie in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による心内膜炎・心臓弁膜症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 심내막염 및 심장판막 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie wsierdzia i wady zastawek w przebiegu innych chorób","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Endocardite e valvulopatias em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эндокардит и поражения клапанов при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Endokarditída a chlopňové chyby pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda endokardit ve kalp kapağı bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ендокардит і ураження клапанів при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的心内膜炎和心脏瓣膜病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Endocarditis","text":"What is endocarditis?\nEndocarditis is sometimes called infective endocarditis. It's a rare but life-threatening inflammation of the lining inside your heart's chambers and valves (the endocardium).\nEndocarditis is usually caused by germs that get into your bloodstream and travel to your heart. Once they get inside your heart, the germs can attach to the lining or get trapped in the valves. They start to grow, causing an infection. If not treated quickly, the infection can cause damage to the heart and lead to serious health problems.\nWhat causes endocarditis?\nBacterial infections cause most endocarditis. Normally, many bacteria live in your mouth, on your skin, or in other parts of the body. Sometimes the bacteria can get into your bloodstream from injuries such cuts or scrapes. Dental work and certain surgeries can also allow small amounts of bacteria to enter your bloodstream.\nIn some cases, fungal infections cause endocarditis. The fungi, such as yeast, can live in parts of your body. Fungal infections generally happen in people who have weakened immune systems that can't stop the fungus from growing. This includes people who have HIV.\nWho is more likely to develop endocarditis?\nIn general, endocarditis is rare. If you're healthy, your immune system usually destroys the germs in your bloodstream before they can cause harm.\nBut your chance of developing endocarditis may be higher than most people if you:\n• Have certain heart conditions. Damaged or abnormal heart tissue and devices in your heart can trap germs more easily than healthy heart tissue. That means your risk of endocarditis is higher if you have:\n• Heart valve disease.\n• Certain congenital heart defects.\n• A pacemaker or an implantable defibrillator.\n• A heart valve replacement.\n• Are older. Age-related changes to the heart valves, such as mitral valve prolapse or calcium deposits in the aortic valve, create places for germs to attach to the heart.\n• Inject illegal drugs. Unclean needles may carry bacteria into the bloodstream.\n• Have a condition that weakens your immune system.\n• Don't take care of your teeth and gums. Poor dental health makes it easier for germs to get into your bloodstream through your gums and mouth.\n• Have a long-term central venous line, a tube that stays in a large vein for weeks or months for medical treatment.\n• Have already had endocarditis. Endocarditis can damage heart tissue, which increases your risk of getting it again.\nWhat are the symptoms of endocarditis?\nEndocarditis symptoms may be severe or very mild. They may start suddenly or slowly. And they can vary from person to person. The possible symptoms of endocarditis include:\n• Fever and chills\n• New or worsening heart murmur (an unusual sound heard between heartbeats)\n• Chest pain\n• Cough\n• Muscle, joint, and back pain\n• Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)\n• Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air)\n• Skin changes, including:\n• Broken blood vessels\n• Painful red or purple bumps\n• Painless flat red spots on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet\nWhat other problems can endocarditis cause?\nWhen the germs are in your heart, they can clump together with blood cells. These clumps can break off and travel through your bloodstream. They may block blood flow, spread infection, or damage your organs, including your brain, lungs, kidneys, and spleen.\nEndocarditis may sometimes lead to sepsis, a medical emergency that happens when your body has an extreme response to the infection.\nEndocarditis can also cause serious heart problems including:\n• Heart valve damage\n• Heart failure\n• Arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)\nHow is endocarditis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have endocarditis, your health care provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, recent illnesses, and other health conditions that affect your chance of developing endocarditis.\n• Do a physical exam.\n• Likely order tests, such as:\n• Blood tests to check for signs of infection, bacteria, or fungi in your blood.\n• Chest x-rays.\n• Heart tests.\nWhat are the treatments for endocarditis?\nIf you have endocarditis, it's important to get treatment quickly. Treatments may include:\n• Medicines:\n• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are usually started through an intravenous (IV) line in the hospital.\n• Antifungal medicine to treat fungal infections. Your provider may suggest taking antifungal medicine for the rest of your life to prevent the infection from coming back.\n• Heart surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged valves and heart tissue. Surgery may also be done to remove infected tissue.\n• Dental care, especially cleanings, can help reduce the amount of bacteria that grows in your mouth.\nTreatment may last weeks, and you may need tests to make sure it's working. Your provider will also check you for problems that could develop from endocarditis, such as heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.\nCan endocarditis be prevented?\nIf you have a higher chance of developing endocarditis than most people, you can reduce your risk if you:\n• Take good care of your teeth and gums every day\n• Have dental exams and cleaning at your dentist's office every 6 months\n• Make heart-healthy habits part of your daily life to help prevent heart disease\n• Call your health care provider right away if you have symptoms that could be endocarditis\nPeople with the highest risk for bacterial endocarditis need antibiotics before dental visits or certain medical or surgical procedures. Ask your provider if you're part of the highest risk group. If so, let all your providers know about your risk.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Endocarditis","text":"¿Qué es la endocarditis?\nLa endocarditis a veces también es llamada endocarditis infecciosa. Es una inflamación rara, pero potencialmente mortal, de la membrana dentro de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón (el endocardio).\nLa endocarditis por lo general es causada por gérmenes que entran en el torrente sanguíneo y viajan al corazón. Una vez dentro del corazón, los gérmenes pueden adjuntarse a la membrana o quedar atrapados en las válvulas. Los gérmenes empiezan a crecer, causando infección. Si no se trata rápido, la infección puede causar daño al corazón y provocar problemas de salud serios.\n¿Qué causa la endocarditis?\nLas infecciones bacterianas causan la mayoría de la endocarditis. Normalmente, muchas bacterias viven en su boca, en su piel y en otras partes del cuerpo. A veces las bacterias pueden entrar en su torrente sanguíneo por lesiones como cortes o raspaduras. Tratamiento dental y ciertas cirugías también pueden permitir que pequeñas cantidades de bacterias entren en su torrente sanguíneo.\nEn algunos casos, infecciones por hongos causan endocarditis. Los hongos, como cándida, pueden vivir en partes de su cuerpo. Las infecciones por hongos por lo general suceden en personas que tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, que no puede detener el crecimiento de los hongos. Esto incluye personas que tienen VIH.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar endocarditis?\nPor lo general, la endocarditis es rara. Si usted está sano, su sistema inmunitario usualmente destruye los gérmenes en su torrente sanguíneo antes de que causen daño.\nSin embargo, su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis puede ser más alta que la mayoría de las personas si usted:\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones cardiacas: Tejido cardiaco dañado o anormal y dispositivos en su corazón pueden atrapar gérmenes más fácilmente que un tejido cardiaco sano. Esto significa que su riesgo de endocarditis es más alto si usted tiene:\n• Enfermedad de las válvulas del corazón\n• Ciertos defectos congénitos del corazón\n• Un marcapasos o desfibrilador implantable\n• Un reemplazo de válvula del corazón\n• Tiene más edad: Cambios de las válvulas del corazón relacionados con la edad, como prolapso de la válvula mitral o depósitos de calcio en la válvula aórtica, crean lugares para que los gérmenes se adjunten al corazón\n• Se inyecta drogas ilegales: Agujas sucias pueden llevar bacterias al torrente sanguíneo\n• Tiene una afección que debilita el sistema inmunitario\n• No cuida sus dientes y encias: Una mala salud dental hace que sea fácil que los gérmenes entren en su torrente sanguíneo a través de sus encías y boca\n• Tiene una línea venosa central a largo plazo, un tubo que se queda en una vena grande durante semanas o meses por tratamiento médico\n• Ya ha tenido endocarditis: La endocarditis puede dañar el tejido cardiaco, lo cual incrementa su riesgo de tenerla nuevamente\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de endocarditis?\nLos síntomas de endocarditis pueden ser severos o muy leves. Pueden empezar repentina o lentamente. Los síntomas también pueden variar de persona a persona. Los posibles síntomas de endocarditis incluyen:\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Soplo cardiaco nuevo o que empeora (un sonido inusual que se escucha entre los latidos)\n• Dolor de pecho\n• Tos\n• Dolor muscular, en las articulaciones y la espalda\n• Sudoración nocturna (sudoración abundante durante el sueño)\n• Falta de aliento (sentir que le falta el aire)\n• Cambios en la piel, incluyendo:\n• Vasos sanguíneos rotos\n• Protuberancias rojas o moradas dolorosas\n• Manchas rojas planas en la palma de las manos o en la planta de los pies\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la endocarditis?\nCuando los gérmenes están en su corazón, pueden agruparse con las células sanguíneas. Estas agrupaciones pueden separarse y moverse a través de su torrente sanguíneo. Pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo, propagar la infección o dañar sus órganos, incluyendo su cerebro, pulmones, riñones y bazo.\nLa endocarditis a veces puede provocar sepsis, una emergencia médica que sucede cuando su cuerpo tiene una respuesta extrema a una infección.\nLa endocarditis también puede causar problemas cardiacos serios, incluyendo:\n• Daño a las válvulas cardiacas\n• Insuficiencia cardiaca\n• Arritmia (un problema con la frecuencia y el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la endocarditis?\nPara averiguar si usted tiene endocarditis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará acerca de su historia clínica, incluyendo síntomas, afecciones recientes y otros problemas de salud que afectan su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis\n• Hará un examen físico\n• Probablemente ordenará pruebas como:\n• Pruebas de sangre para revisar por síntomas de infección, bacterias u hongos en su sangre\n• Rayos x en el pecho\n• Pruebas del corazón\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para endocarditis?\nSi usted tiene endocarditis, es importante obtener tratamiento rápidamente. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos:\n• Antibióticos para tratar infecciones bacterianas. Los antibióticos por lo general se empiezan de forma intravenosa en el hospital\n• Medicamentos antimicóticos para tratar infecciones por hongos. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir tomar medicamentos antimicóticos por el resto de su vida para prevenir que regrese la infección\n• Cirugía del corazón puede necesitarse para reparar o reemplazar válvulas y tejido cardiaco dañado. La cirugía también puede realizarse para remover tejido infectado\n• Cuidado dental, en especial limpiezas, para ayudar a prevenir la cantidad de bacterias que crecen en su boca\nEl tratamiento puede durar semanas y usted puede necesitar pruebas para asegurarse que está funcionando. Su profesional de la salud también revisará si hay problemas que puedan desarrollarse por la endocarditis, como insuficiencia cardiaca o latidos cardiacos irregulares.\n¿Se puede prevenir la endocarditis?\nSi usted tiene probabilidades más altas que otras personas de desarrollar endocarditis, puede reducir su riesgo si:\n• Cuida bien de sus dientes y encías todos los días\n• Tiene exámenes y limpiezas dentales cada 6 meses\n• Tiene hábitos para un corazón sano en su vida diaria, para ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades del corazón\n• Llama a su profesional de la salud enseguida si usted tiene síntomas que podrían ser de endocarditis\nLas personas con mayor riesgo de endocarditis bacteriana necesitan tomar antibióticos antes de las visitas dentales o ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si usted es parte de un grupo de alto riesgo. Si es así, comunique a todos sus profesionales de la salud acerca de su riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0258","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sudden-cardiac-arrest","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sudden-cardiac-arrest","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I46","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC82.Z","display":"Cardiac arrest, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/395422191/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#395422191/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sudden Cardiac Arrest","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paro cardíaco","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Stop cardiac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السكتة القلبية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zástava srdce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herzstillstand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρδιακή ανακοπή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Arrêt cardiaque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय गति रुकना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívmegállás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Arresto cardiaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心停止","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심정지","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrzymanie krążenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paragem cardíaca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Остановка сердца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zastavenie srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp durması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зупинка серця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心脏骤停","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"SCA"},{"lang":"en","text":"Sudden Cardiac Death"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sudden Cardiac Arrest","text":"What is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?\nSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart suddenly stops beating. When that happens, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs. If it is not treated, SCA usually causes death within minutes. But quick treatment with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and a defibrillator may be lifesaving.\nHow is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) different from a heart attack?\nA heart attack is different from an SCA. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn't suddenly stop beating. With an SCA, the heart stops beating.\nSometimes an SCA can happen after or during recovery from a heart attack.\nWhat causes sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?\nYour heart has an electrical system that controls the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat. An SCA can happen when the heart's electrical system is not working right and causes irregular heartbeats. Irregular heartbeats are called arrhythmias. There are different types. They may cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. Some can cause the heart to stop pumping blood to the body; this is the type that causes SCA.\nCertain diseases and conditions can cause the electrical problems that lead to SCA. They include:\n• Ventricular fibrillation, a type of arrhythmia where the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) don't beat normally. Instead, they beat very fast and very irregularly. They can't pump blood to the body. This causes most SCAs.\n• Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called ischemic heart disease. CAD happens when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It is often caused by the buildup of plaque, a waxy substance, inside the lining of larger coronary arteries. The plaque blocks some or all of the blood flow to the heart.\n• Some types of physical stress can cause your heart's electrical system to fail, such as:\n• Intense physical activity in which your body releases the hormone adrenaline. This hormone can trigger SCA in people who have heart problems.\n• Very low blood levels of potassium or magnesium. These minerals play an important role in your heart's electrical system.\n• Major blood loss.\n• Severe lack of oxygen.\n• Certain inherited disorders which can cause arrhythmias or problems with the structure of your heart.\n• Structural changes in the heart, such as an enlarged heart due to high blood pressure or advanced heart disease. Heart infections can also cause changes to the structure of the heart.\nWho is at risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?\nYou are at higher risk for SCA if you:\n• Have coronary artery disease (CAD). Most people with SCA have CAD. But CAD usually doesn't cause symptoms, so they may not know that they have it.\n• Are older; your risk increases with age.\n• Are a man; it is more common in men than women.\n• Are Black or African American, especially if you have other conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease.\n• Have a personal history of heartbeats that aren't regular (arrhythmia).\n• Have a personal or family history of SCA or inherited disorders that can cause arrhythmia.\n• Have a problem with drug or alcohol use.\n• Have had a heart attack.\n• Have heart failure.\nWhat are the symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?\nUsually, the first sign of SCA is loss of consciousness (fainting). This happens when the heart stops beating.\nSome people may have a racing heartbeat or feel dizzy or light-headed just before they faint. And sometimes people have chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, or vomiting in the hour before they have an SCA.\nHow is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) diagnosed?\nSCA happens without warning and requires emergency treatment. Health care providers rarely diagnose SCA with medical tests as it's happening. Instead, it is usually diagnosed after it happens. Providers do this by ruling out other causes of a person's sudden collapse.\nIf you are at high risk for SCA, your provider may refer you to a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases. The cardiologist may ask you to get various heart health tests to see how well your heart is working. They'll work with you to decide whether you need treatment to prevent SCA.\nWhat are the treatments for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?\nSCA is an emergency. A person having SCA needs to be treated with a defibrillator right away. A defibrillator is a device that sends an electric shock to the heart. The electric shock can restore a normal rhythm to a heart that's stopped beating. To work well, it needs to be done within minutes of the SCA. CPR should be started right away and continued until a defibrillator is ready to use. CPR helps keep blood flowing to the brain and other organs until the heart's rhythm can be restored.\nMost police officers, emergency medical technicians, and other first responders are trained and equipped to use a defibrillator. Call 9-1-1 right away if someone has signs or symptoms of SCA. The sooner you call for help, the sooner lifesaving treatment can begin.\nWhat should I do if I think that someone has had an SCA?\nMany public places such as schools, businesses, and airports have automated external defibrillators (AEDs). AEDs are special defibrillators that untrained people can use if they think that someone has had SCA. They give step-by-step voice instructions. AEDs are programmed to give an electric shock if they detect a dangerous arrhythmia. This prevents giving a shock to someone who may have fainted but isn't having SCA.\nIf you see someone who you think has had SCA, you should give CPR until defibrillation can be done. If you haven't been trained in CPR, you can still help by giving hands-only CPR. You do this by pushing hard and fast on the center of the chest.\nPeople who are at risk for SCA may want to consider having an AED at home. Ask your cardiologist to help you decide whether having an AED in your home might help you.\nWhat are the treatments after surviving sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?\nIf you survive SCA, you'll likely be admitted to a hospital for ongoing care and treatment. In the hospital, your medical team will closely watch your heart. They may give you medicines to try to reduce the risk of another SCA.\nThey will also try to find out what caused your SCA. If you're diagnosed with coronary artery disease, you may have an angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. These procedures help restore blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.\nOften, people who have had SCA get a device called an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). This small device is surgically placed under the skin in your chest or abdomen (belly). An ICD uses electric pulses or shocks to help control dangerous arrhythmias.\nCan sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) be prevented?\nYou may be able to lower your risk of SCA by following a heart-healthy lifestyle. If you have coronary artery disease or another heart disease, treating that disease can also lower your risk of SCA. If you have had an SCA, getting an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can lower your chance of having another SCA.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Paro cardíaco","text":"¿Qué es un paro cardíaco?\nEl paro cardíaco, también conocido como paro cardiaco repentino o súbito, es una afección en la que el corazón deja de latir en forma repentina. Cuando esto ocurre, la sangre deja de fluir hacia el cerebro y otros órganos vitales. Si no se trata, el paro cardiaco suele causar la muerte en cuestión de minutos. Sin embargo, el tratamiento rápido con un desfibrilador puede salvarle la vida.\n¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un paro cardíaco y un ataque cardíaco?\nUn ataque cardíaco es diferente a un paro cardiaco. Un ataque cardíaco ocurre cuando se bloquea el flujo de sangre al corazón. Durante un ataque cardíaco, en general el corazón no deja de latir repentinamente. En el paro cardiaco el corazón deja de latir.\nA veces, un paro cardíaco puede ocurrir después o durante la recuperación de un ataque cardíaco.\n¿Qué causa un paro cardíaco?\nSu corazón tiene un sistema eléctrico que controla la frecuencia y el ritmo de sus latidos. Un paro cardíaco puede ocurrir cuando el sistema eléctrico del corazón no funciona bien y causa latidos cardíacos irregulares conocidos como arritmias. Hay diferentes tipos. Pueden hacer que el corazón lata demasiado rápido, demasiado lento o con un ritmo irregular. Algunos pueden hacer que el corazón deje de bombear sangre al cuerpo, causando un paro cardíaco.\nCiertas enfermedades y afecciones pueden causar problemas eléctricos que lleven a un paro cardíaco. Estas incluyen:\n• Fibrilación ventricular: Tipo de arritmia en la que los ventrículos (las cámaras inferiores del corazón) no laten en forma normal. En cambio, laten muy rápido y muy irregularmente. No logran bombear sangre al cuerpo. Es la causa más común de paro cardíaco\n• Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: También llamada enfermedad isquémica del corazón, esta afección ocurre cuando las arterias del corazón no pueden transportar suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno al corazón. A menudo, es causada por la acumulación de placa, una sustancia cerosa, dentro del revestimiento de las arterias coronarias más grandes. La placa bloquea parte o la totalidad del flujo sanguíneo al corazón\n• Algunos tipos de estrés físico pueden hacer que falle el sistema eléctrico de su corazón, como:\n• Actividad física intensa en la que su cuerpo libera adrenalina. Esta hormona puede desencadenar un paro cardíaco en personas que tienen problemas del corazón\n• Niveles muy bajos de potasio o magnesio en la sangre: Estos minerales juegan un papel importante en el sistema eléctrico de su corazón\n• Pérdida importante de sangre\n• Falta severa de oxígeno\n• Ciertos trastornos hereditarios que pueden causar arritmias o problemas con la estructura de su corazón\n• Cambios estructurales en el corazón: Estos incluyen agrandamiento del corazón debido a presión arterial alta o enfermedad cardíaca avanzada. Las infecciones cardíacas también pueden causar cambios en la estructura del corazón\n¿Quién tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco?\nUsted tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco si:\n• Tiene enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: La mayoría de las personas que sufren un paro cardiaco tienen enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Pero, en general, la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que no sepa que la tiene\n• Personas mayores (el riesgo aumenta con la edad)\n• Es hombre (es más común en hombres que en mujeres)\n• Es afroamericano, especialmente si tiene otras afecciones como diabetes, presión arterial alta, insuficiencia cardíaca o enfermedad renal crónica\n• Tiene historia clínica o familiar de latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)\n• Tiene historia clínica o familiar de paro cardíaco o trastornos hereditarios que pueden causar arritmia\n• Tiene un problema de uso de drogas o alcohol\n• Ha tenido un infarto\n• Tiene insuficiencia cardíaca\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un paro cardíaco?\nPor lo general, el primer signo de un paro cardíaco es la pérdida del conocimiento (desmayo). Esto sucede cuando el corazón deja de latir.\nAlgunas personas pueden tener latidos cardíacos acelerados o sentirse mareados o aturdidos justo antes de desmayarse. Y, en ocasiones, las personas presentan dolor de pecho, dificultad para respirar, náuseas o vómitos dentro de una hora antes de tener un paro cardiaco.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un paro cardíaco?\nUn paro cardiaco ocurre sin previo aviso y requiere tratamiento de emergencia. Los profesionales de la salud rara vez diagnostican un paro cardíaco con pruebas médicas cuando está ocurriendo. En cambio, generalmente se diagnostica después de que ocurre. Los profesionales de la salud hacen esto descartando otras causas del colapso repentino de una persona.\nSi tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco, su profesional de la salud puede derivarlo a un cardiólogo, un especialista en enfermedades cardíacas. El cardiólogo puede solicitarle varias pruebas de salud del corazón para ver qué tan bien está funcionando. El médico trabajará con usted para decidir si necesita tratamiento para prevenir un paro cardíaco.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el paro cardíaco?\nUn paro cardíaco es una emergencia. Una persona que tiene un paro cardíaco debe ser tratada de inmediato con un desfibrilador, un dispositivo que envía una descarga eléctrica al corazón. La descarga eléctrica puede restaurar un ritmo normal a un corazón que dejó de latir. Para que funcione bien, debe aplicarse a los pocos minutos de ocurrir un paro cardíaco.\nLa mayoría de los oficiales de policía, técnicos de emergencias médicas y otros socorristas están capacitados y equipados para usar un desfibrilador. Llame al 911 de inmediato si alguien tiene signos o síntomas de paro cardíaco. Cuanto antes solicite ayuda, antes se podrá comenzar el tratamiento que salve vidas.\n¿Qué debo hacer si creo que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco?\nMuchos lugares públicos, como escuelas, empresas y aeropuertos, tienen desfibriladores externos automáticos. Estos dispositivos son desfibriladores especiales que personas no capacitadas pueden usar si creen que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco. Los desfibriladores externos automáticos están programados para dar una descarga eléctrica si detectan una arritmia peligrosa. Esto evita dar una descarga a alguien que puede haberse desmayado pero que no tiene un paro cardíaco.\nSi cree que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco, debe administrarle reanimación cardiopulmonar hasta que se pueda realizar la desfibrilación.\nLas personas que están en riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco repentino pueden considerar tener un desfibrilador externo automático en casa. Pídale a su cardiólogo que lo ayude a decidir si tener este dispositivo en su hogar puede ayudar.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos después de sobrevivir a un paro cardíaco?\nSi sobrevive a un paro cardíaco, es probable que lo hospitalicen para recibir atención y tratamiento continuos. En el hospital, su equipo médico vigilará de cerca su corazón. Es posible que le receten medicamentos para tratar de reducir el riesgo de otro paro cardíaco.\nTambién intentarán averiguar la causa del paro cardíaco. Si le diagnostican enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, es posible que le realicen una angioplastía o una cirugía de derivación de las arterias coronarias. Estos procedimientos ayudan a restaurar el flujo sanguíneo a través de arterias coronarias estrechas o bloqueadas.\nA menudo, a las personas que han tenido un paro cardiaco se les coloca un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable. Este pequeño dispositivo se implanta con una operación debajo de la piel de su pecho o abdomen. Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable utiliza impulsos eléctricos o descargas para ayudar a controlar arritmias peligrosas.\n¿Se puede prevenir un paro cardíaco?\nEs posible que pueda reducir su riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco si sigue un estilo de vida saludable para el corazón. Si tiene una enfermedad de las arterias coronarias u otra enfermedad del corazón, el tratamiento de esa afección también puede reducir su riesgo de paro cardíaco. Si ha tenido un paro cardíaco, la colocación de un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable puede reducir sus probabilidades de sufrir otro evento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0259","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"heart-failure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/heart-failure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I50","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Heart Failure","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fallo cardíaco","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiență cardiacă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قصور القلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Srdeční selhání","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herzinsuffizienz (Herzschwäche)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuffisance cardiaque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय विफलता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívelégtelenség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insufficienza cardiaca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心不全","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심부전","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niewydolność serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiência cardíaca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сердечная недостаточность","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zlyhanie srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp yetmezliği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Серцева недостатність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心力衰竭","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"CHF"},{"lang":"en","text":"Cardiac failure"},{"lang":"en","text":"Congestive heart failure"},{"lang":"en","text":"Left-sided heart failure"},{"lang":"en","text":"Right-sided heart failure"},{"lang":"en","text":"Low Cardiac Output"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Heart Failure","text":"What is heart failure?\nHeart failure means that your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your body's needs. Heart failure doesn't mean that your heart has stopped or is about to stop beating. But without enough blood flow, your organs may not work well, which can cause serious problems.\nHeart failure can affect one or both sides of your heart:\n• With right-sided heart failure, your heart is too weak to pump enough blood to your lungs to get oxygen.\n• With left-sided heart failure, your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood out to your body. This happens when the left side of your heart becomes either:\n• Too weak to pump enough blood.\n• Too thick or stiff to relax and fill with enough blood.\nLeft-sided heart failure is more common than right-sided heart failure.\nWhat causes heart failure?\nHeart failure can start suddenly after a medical condition or injury damages your heart muscle. But in most cases, heart failure develops slowly from long-term medical conditions.\nConditions that can cause heart failure include:\n• Arrhythmia (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)\n• Cardiomyopathy\n• Congenital heart defects or other types of heart diseases that you are born with\n• Coronary artery disease\n• Endocarditis\n• Heart attack\n• Heart valve diseases\n• High blood pressure\n• A blood clot in your lung\n• Diabetes\n• Certain severe lung diseases, such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)\n• Obesity\nOver time, left-sided heart failure can lead to right-sided heart failure.\nWho is more likely to develop heart failure?\nHeart failure can happen at any age. It happens to both men and women, but men often develop it at a younger age than women. Your chance of developing heart failure increases if:\n• You're 65 years old or older. Aging can weaken and stiffen your heart muscle.\n• Your family health history includes relatives who have or have had heart failure.\n• You have changes in your genes that affect your heart tissue.\n• You have habits that can harm your heart, including:\n• Smoking\n• Eating foods high in fat, cholesterol, and sodium (salt)\n• Having an inactive lifestyle\n• Alcohol use disorder (AUD)\n• Illegal drug use\n• You have other medical conditions that can affect your heart, including:\n• Any heart or blood vessel conditions, including high blood pressure\n• Serious lung diseases\n• Infection, such as HIV or COVID-19\n• Obesity\n• Diabetes\n• Sleep apnea\n• Chronic kidney disease\n• Anemia\n• Thyroid disease\n• Iron overload disease\n• Cancer treatments that can harm your heart, such as radiation and chemotherapy\n• You are African American. African Americans are more likely to develop heart failure and have more serious cases at younger ages than people of other races. Factors such as stigma, discrimination, income, education, and geographic region can also affect their risk of heart failure.\nWhat are the symptoms of heart failure?\nThe symptoms of heart failure depend on which side of your heart is affected and how serious your condition has become. Most symptoms are caused by reduced blood flow to your organs and fluid buildup in your body.\nFluid buildup happens because the flow of blood through your heart is too slow. As a result, blood backs up in the vessels that return the blood to your heart. Fluid may leak from the blood vessels and collect in the tissues of your body, causing swelling (edema) and other problems.\nSymptoms of heart failure may include:\n• Feeling short of breath (like you can't get enough air) when you do things like climbing stairs. This may be one of the first symptoms you notice.\n• Fatigue or weakness even after rest.\n• Coughing.\n• Swelling and weight gain from fluid in your ankles, lower legs, or abdomen (belly).\n• Difficulty sleeping when lying flat.\n• Nausea and loss of appetite.\n• Swelling in the veins of your neck.\n• Needing to urinate (pee) often.\nAt first you may have no symptoms or mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms will usually bother you more.\nWhat other problems does heart failure cause?\nFluid buildup and reduced blood flow to your organs can lead to serious problems, including:\n• Breathing problems from fluid in and around your lungs (also called congestive heart failure)\n• Kidney or liver damage, including cirrhosis\n• Malnutrition if fluid buildup makes eating uncomfortable or if your stomach doesn't get enough blood flow to digest food properly\n• Other heart conditions, such as irregular heartbeat and sudden cardiac arrest\n• Pulmonary hypertension\nHow is heart failure diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have heart failure, your health care provider will\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms\n• Ask about your family health history, including relatives who have had heart failure\n• Do a physical exam\n• Likely run heart tests and blood tests, including a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test\nIn some cases, your provider may refer you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for tests, diagnosis, and care.\nWhat are the treatments for heart failure?\nYour treatment will depend on the type of heart failure you have and how serious it is. There's no cure for heart failure. But treatment can help you live longer with fewer symptoms.\nEven with treatment, heart failure usually gets worse over time, so you'll likely need treatment for the rest of your life.\nMost treatment plans include:\n• Taking medicine\n• Eating less sodium and drinking less liquid to control fluid buildup\n• Making other changes, such as quitting smoking, managing stress, and getting as much physical activity as your provider recommends\n• Treating any conditions that may make heart failure worse\nYou may need heart surgery if:\n• You have a congenital heart defect or damage to your heart that can be fixed.\n• The left side of your heart is getting weaker and putting a device in your chest could help. Devices include:\n• An implantable cardioverter defibrillator.\n• A biventricular pacemaker (cardiac resynchronization therapy).\n• A mechanical heart pump (a ventricular assist device (VAD) or a total artificial heart).\n• Your heart doctor recommends a heart transplant because your heart failure is life-threatening and nothing else is helping.\nAs part of your treatment, you'll need to pay close attention to your symptoms, because heart failure can worsen suddenly. Your provider may suggest a cardiac rehabilitation program to help you learn how to manage your condition.\nCan heart failure be prevented?\nYou may be able to prevent or delay heart failure if you:\n• Work with your provider to manage any health conditions that increase your risk of developing heart failure\n• Make healthy changes in your eating, exercise, and other daily habits to help prevent heart disease\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fallo cardíaco","text":"¿Qué es la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nLa insuficiencia cardíaca (o fallo cardiaco) significa que el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo. La insuficiencia cardíaca no significa que su corazón se haya detenido o esté a punto de dejar de latir. Pero sin suficiente flujo de sangre, es posible que sus órganos no funcionen bien, lo que puede causar problemas graves.\nLa insuficiencia cardíaca puede afectar uno o ambos lados de su corazón:\n• En la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado derecho, su corazón es demasiado débil para bombear suficiente sangre a sus pulmones para obtener oxígeno\n• En la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo, su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno hacia su cuerpo. Esto sucede cuando el lado izquierdo de su corazón se vuelve:\n• Demasiado débil para bombear suficiente sangre\n• Demasiado grueso o rígido para relajarse y llenarse con suficiente sangre\nLa insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo es más común que la del lado derecho.\n¿Qué causa la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nLa insuficiencia cardíaca puede comenzar repentinamente después de que una afección médica o una lesión dañan el músculo cardíaco. Pero en la mayoría de los casos, la insuficiencia cardíaca se desarrolla lentamente a partir de afecciones médicas de larga duración.\nLas afecciones que pueden causar insuficiencia cardíaca incluyen:\n• Arritmia (problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)\n• Cardiomiopatía\n• Defectos cardíacos congénitos u otros tipos de enfermedades cardíacas con las que nace\n• Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias\n• Endocarditis\n• Ataque al corazón\n• Enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Coágulo de sangre en el pulmón\n• Diabetes\n• Ciertas enfermedades pulmonares graves, como EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica)\n• Obesidad\nCon el tiempo, la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo puede provocar insuficiencia cardíaca del lado derecho.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener insuficiencia cardíaca?\nLa insuficiencia cardíaca puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Tanto hombres como mujeres pueden tenerla, pero a menudo los hombres la desarrollan a una edad más temprana que las mujeres. Su probabilidad de tener insuficiencia cardíaca aumenta si:\n• Tiene 65 años o más: El envejecimiento puede debilitar y endurecer el músculo cardíaco\n• Su historia de salud familiar incluye parientes que tienen o han tenido insuficiencia cardíaca\n• Tiene cambios en sus genes que afectan el tejido de su corazón\n• Tiene hábitos que pueden dañar su corazón, como:\n• Fumar\n• Comer alimentos altos en grasa, colesterol y sodio (sal)\n• Tener un estilo de vida sedentario\n• Trastorno por consumo de alcohol\n• Consumir drogas ilegales\n• Tiene otros problemas médicos que pueden afectar su corazón, incluyendo:\n• Cualquier afección del corazón o de los vasos sanguíneos, incluyendo presión arterial alta\n• Enfermedades pulmonares graves\n• Infección, como VIH o COVID-19\n• Obesidad\n• Diabetes\n• Apnea del sueño\n• Enfermedad renal crónica\n• Anemia\n• Enfermedad de la tiroides\n• Enfermedad por sobrecarga de hierro\n• Tratamientos contra el cáncer que pueden dañar su corazón, como la radioterapia y la quimioterapia\n• Es afrodescendiente: Los afrodescendientes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca y tener casos más graves a edades más tempranas que las personas de otras razas. Factores como el estigma, la discriminación, los ingresos, la educación y la región geográfica también pueden afectar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nLos síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca dependen del lado del corazón afectado y de la gravedad de la afección. La mayoría de los síntomas son causados por la reducción del flujo sanguíneo a los órganos y la acumulación de líquido en el cuerpo.\nLa acumulación de líquido ocurre porque el flujo de sangre por el corazón es demasiado lento. Como resultado, la sangre se acumula en los vasos que la devuelven al corazón. El líquido puede escaparse de los vasos sanguíneos y acumularse en los tejidos del cuerpo, causando hinchazón (edema) y otros problemas.\nLos síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca pueden incluir:\n• Sensación de falta de aire (como si no pudiera obtener suficiente oxígeno) cuando hace cosas como subir escaleras. Este puede ser uno de los primeros síntomas que note\n• Fatiga o debilidad incluso después del descanso\n• Tos\n• Hinchazón y aumento de peso por líquido en los tobillos, la parte inferior de las piernas o el abdomen\n• Problemas para dormir cuando está acostado\n• Náusea y pérdida del apetito\n• Hinchazón en las venas del cuello\n• Necesidad de orinar seguido\nAl principio, es posible que no tenga síntomas o que sean leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, en general sus síntomas le molestarán más.\n¿Qué otros problemas causa la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nLa acumulación de líquido y la reducción del suministro de sangre a sus órganos pueden causar problemas graves, incluyendo:\n• Problemas respiratorios por el líquido dentro y alrededor de los pulmones (también llamado insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva)\n• Daño renal o hepático,, incluyendo cirrosis\n• Desnutrición si la acumulación de líquidos hace que comer sea incómodo o si su estómago no recibe suficiente flujo de sangre para digerir los alimentos bien\n• Otras afecciones cardíacas, como latidos cardíacos irregulares y paro cardíaco\n• Hipertensión pulmonar\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nPara saber si tiene insuficiencia cardíaca, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre sus antecedentes de salud familiar, incluyendo familiares que han tenido insuficiencia cardíaca\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Hacer pruebas cardíacas y análisis de sangre, incluyendo una prueba de péptido natriurético cerebral\nEn algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para realizarle pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nSu tratamiento dependerá del tipo de insuficiencia cardíaca que tenga y de su gravedad. No hay cura para la insuficiencia cardíaca. Pero el tratamiento puede ayudarle a vivir más tiempo con menos síntomas.\nIncluso con tratamiento, en general la insuficiencia cardíaca empeora con el tiempo, por lo que es probable que necesite tratamiento por el resto de su vida.\nLa mayoría de los planes de tratamiento incluyen:\n• Tomar medicamentos\n• Consumir menos sodio y beber menos líquidos para controlar la acumulación de fluidos\n• Hacer otros cambios, como dejar de fumar, controlar el estrés y hacer tanta actividad física como le recomiende su profesional de la salud\n• Tratar cualquier afección que pueda empeorar la insuficiencia cardíaca\nEs posible que necesite una cirugía cardíaca si:\n• Tiene un defecto cardíaco congénito o daño en el corazón que se puede reparar\n• El lado izquierdo de su corazón se está debilitando y podría ayudar colocarle un dispositivo en el pecho. Los dispositivos incluyen:\n• Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable\n• Un marcapasos biventricular (terapia de resincronización cardíaca)\n• Una bomba cardíaca mecánica (dispositivo de asistencia ventricular o un corazón artificial total)\n• Su cardiólogo recomienda un trasplante de corazón porque su insuficiencia cardíaca es potencialmente mortal y nada más está ayudando\nComo parte de su tratamiento, deberá prestar mucha atención a sus síntomas, ya que la insuficiencia cardíaca puede empeorar repentinamente. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca para ayudarle a aprender a manejar su afección.\n¿Se puede prevenir la insuficiencia cardíaca?\nEs posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar la insuficiencia cardíaca si:\n• Trabaja con su profesional de la salud para manejar cualquier afección que aumente su riesgo de tener insuficiencia cardíaca\n• Realiza cambios saludables en su alimentación, ejercicio y otros hábitos diarios para ayudar a prevenir enfermedades cardíacas\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0100","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0102","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0134","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0186","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0365","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0096","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Heart Failure\" as a related topic of \"Breathing Problems\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0260","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"subarachnoid-haemorrhage-not-known-if-aneurysmal-or-non-aneurysmal","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/subarachnoid-haemorrhage-not-known-if-aneurysmal-or-non-aneurysmal","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I60","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hemoragie subarahnoidiană","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النزف تحت العنكبوتية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Subarachnoidální krvácení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Subarachnoidalblutung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπαραχνοειδής αιμορραγία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hemorragia subaracnoidea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सबएरेक्नॉइड रक्तस्राव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Subarachnoidális vérzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emorragia subaracnoidea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"くも膜下出血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"지주막하 출혈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krwotok podpajęczynówkowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hemorragia subaracnoideia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Субарахноидальное кровоизлияние","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Subarachnoidálne krvácanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Subaraknoid kanama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Субарахноїдальний крововилив","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"蛛网膜下腔出血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hemorrhagic Stroke","text":"What is a hemorrhagic stroke?\nA stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Your brain cells cannot get the oxygen and nutrients they need from blood, and they start to die within a few minutes. This can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.\nThere are two main types of strokes, ischemic and hemorrhagic. A hemorrhagic stroke is less common but often more severe. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding (hemorrhage) in or around the brain. This bleeding increases pressure inside the skull and damages brain tissue. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.\nWhat are the types of hemorrhagic stroke?\nHemorrhagic strokes are classified by where the bleeding happens:\n• Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding occurs directly into the brain tissue. This is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke.\n• Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding occurs in the space between the brain and the thin layers of tissues covering it. This often happens when a weak spot in an artery (called an aneurysm) bursts on the brain's surface.\nWhat causes hemorrhagic stroke?\nCommon causes include:\n• Aneurysm. A bulge or \"ballooning\" in a weakened artery wall that can burst.\n• Arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A tangled group of abnormal blood vessels that can rupture inside the brain.\n• High blood pressure (hypertension). Over time, it can weaken blood vessel walls and increase the risk of them breaking open.\n• Head trauma. Brain injury can cause bleeding.\nWhat are the symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke?\nStroke symptoms often happen suddenly. They include:\n• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)\n• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech\n• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes\n• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination\n• Sudden severe headache with no known cause\nThe F.A.S.T. test can help you remember what to look for if you think someone is having a\nstroke. Think \"FAST\" and look for:\n• Face drooping on one side when smiling.\n• Arm weakness occurs when the arms are raised, and one arm drifts downward.\n• Speech is slurred or strange.\n• Time to call 911.\nHow is a hemorrhagic stroke diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider may do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms and medical history, and use imaging tests to check for bleeding in your brain.\nHow is hemorrhagic stroke treated?\nIt is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. For a hemorrhagic stroke, the first step is to find the cause of bleeding in the brain and stop it. Treatment may involve medicines or, in some cases, surgery to stop the bleeding or relieve pressure on the brain.\nAfter the stroke, rehabilitation can help people recover lost abilities and regain independence.\nCan a hemorrhagic stroke be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent stroke is by making heart-healthy lifestyle changes to lower your risk. If lifestyle changes aren't enough, your provider may prescribe medicine to help manage your risk factors.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico","text":"¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nUn accidente cerebrovascular ocurre cuando se pierde el flujo sanguíneo a una parte del cerebro. Las células cerebrales no pueden obtener el oxígeno y los nutrientes que necesitan de la sangre y comienzan a morir en pocos minutos. Esto puede causar daño cerebral permanente, discapacidad a largo plazo o incluso la muerte.\nHay dos tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares: Isquémico y hemorrágico. El accidente cerebral hemorrágico es el tipo menos común. Ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo se rompe, lo que provoca un sangrado (hemorragia) en el cerebro o a su alrededor. Este sangrado aumenta la presión dentro del cráneo y daña el tejido cerebral. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos?\nLos accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos se clasifican según el lugar donde se produce el sangrado:\n• Hemorragia intracerebral: El sangrado se produce directamente en el tejido cerebral. Este es el tipo más común de accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico\n• Hemorragia subaracnoidea: El sangrado se produce en el espacio entre el cerebro y las capas delgadas de tejido que lo recubren. Esto suele ocurrir cuando un punto débil de una arteria (llamado aneurisma) se rompe en la superficie del cerebro\n¿Qué causa un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLas causas más comunes incluyen:\n• Aneurisma: Una protuberancia o \"abultamiento\" en una pared arterial debilitada que puede reventar\n• Malformación arteriovenosa (MAV): Un grupo enredado de vasos sanguíneos anormales que puede romperse dentro del cerebro\n• Presión arterial alta (hipertensión): Con el tiempo, puede debilitar las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y aumentar el riesgo de que se rompan\n• Traumatismo craneal: Una lesión cerebral puede causar sangrado\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLos síntomas de un derrame cerebral suelen aparecer de repente. Entre ellos se incluyen:\n• Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)\n• Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje\n• Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos\n• Problemas para caminar repentina, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación\n• Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida\nLa prueba F.A.S.T. puede ayudarle a recordar qué observar si sospechas que alguien está sufriendo un derrame cerebral. Piense \"rápido\" (\"FAST\", por sus siglas en inglés) y observe:\n• Cara (Face): Cara caída hacia un lado al sonreír\n• Brazos (Arm): Debilidad en los brazos al levantarlos y uno de ellos se inclina hacia abajo\n• Habla (Speech): Habla de forma arrastrada o extraña\n• Tiempo (Time): Es hora de llamar al 911\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de cuidados de la salud puede realizarle un examen físico, preguntarle acerca de sus síntomas e historia clínica y utilizar pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes para comprobar si hay sangrado en su cerebro.\n¿Cómo se trata un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nEs importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. En un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico, los primeros pasos consisten en encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro y detenerlo. El tratamiento puede implicar medicamentos o, en algunos casos, cirugía para detener el sangrado o aliviar la presión en el cerebro.\nDespués de un accidente cerebrovascular, la rehabilitación puede ayudar a las personas a recuperar las capacidades perdidas y recuperar la independencia.\n¿Se puede prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular es hacer cambios saludables en su estilo de vida para reducir el riesgo. Si esos cambios no son suficientes, su profesional de la salud podría recetarle medicamentos para ayudarle a controlar sus factores de riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0261","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"brain-haemorrhage-intracerebral","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/brain-haemorrhage-intracerebral","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I61","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Brain haemorrhage (intracerebral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hemoragie intracerebrală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النزف داخل المخ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nitromozkové krvácení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hirnblutung (intrazerebrale Blutung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδοεγκεφαλική αιμορραγία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hemorragia intracerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hémorragie intracérébrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्तिष्क में रक्तस्राव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Agyvérzés (intracerebrális)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emorragia intracerebrale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脳内出血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌내출혈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krwotok śródmózgowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hemorragia intracerebral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Внутримозговое кровоизлияние","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vnútromozgové krvácanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Beyin içi kanama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Внутрішньомозковий крововилив","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑出血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hemorrhagic Stroke","text":"What is a hemorrhagic stroke?\nA stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Your brain cells cannot get the oxygen and nutrients they need from blood, and they start to die within a few minutes. This can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.\nThere are two main types of strokes, ischemic and hemorrhagic. A hemorrhagic stroke is less common but often more severe. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding (hemorrhage) in or around the brain. This bleeding increases pressure inside the skull and damages brain tissue. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.\nWhat are the types of hemorrhagic stroke?\nHemorrhagic strokes are classified by where the bleeding happens:\n• Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding occurs directly into the brain tissue. This is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke.\n• Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding occurs in the space between the brain and the thin layers of tissues covering it. This often happens when a weak spot in an artery (called an aneurysm) bursts on the brain's surface.\nWhat causes hemorrhagic stroke?\nCommon causes include:\n• Aneurysm. A bulge or \"ballooning\" in a weakened artery wall that can burst.\n• Arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A tangled group of abnormal blood vessels that can rupture inside the brain.\n• High blood pressure (hypertension). Over time, it can weaken blood vessel walls and increase the risk of them breaking open.\n• Head trauma. Brain injury can cause bleeding.\nWhat are the symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke?\nStroke symptoms often happen suddenly. They include:\n• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)\n• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech\n• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes\n• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination\n• Sudden severe headache with no known cause\nThe F.A.S.T. test can help you remember what to look for if you think someone is having a\nstroke. Think \"FAST\" and look for:\n• Face drooping on one side when smiling.\n• Arm weakness occurs when the arms are raised, and one arm drifts downward.\n• Speech is slurred or strange.\n• Time to call 911.\nHow is a hemorrhagic stroke diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider may do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms and medical history, and use imaging tests to check for bleeding in your brain.\nHow is hemorrhagic stroke treated?\nIt is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. For a hemorrhagic stroke, the first step is to find the cause of bleeding in the brain and stop it. Treatment may involve medicines or, in some cases, surgery to stop the bleeding or relieve pressure on the brain.\nAfter the stroke, rehabilitation can help people recover lost abilities and regain independence.\nCan a hemorrhagic stroke be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent stroke is by making heart-healthy lifestyle changes to lower your risk. If lifestyle changes aren't enough, your provider may prescribe medicine to help manage your risk factors.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico","text":"¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nUn accidente cerebrovascular ocurre cuando se pierde el flujo sanguíneo a una parte del cerebro. Las células cerebrales no pueden obtener el oxígeno y los nutrientes que necesitan de la sangre y comienzan a morir en pocos minutos. Esto puede causar daño cerebral permanente, discapacidad a largo plazo o incluso la muerte.\nHay dos tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares: Isquémico y hemorrágico. El accidente cerebral hemorrágico es el tipo menos común. Ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo se rompe, lo que provoca un sangrado (hemorragia) en el cerebro o a su alrededor. Este sangrado aumenta la presión dentro del cráneo y daña el tejido cerebral. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos?\nLos accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos se clasifican según el lugar donde se produce el sangrado:\n• Hemorragia intracerebral: El sangrado se produce directamente en el tejido cerebral. Este es el tipo más común de accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico\n• Hemorragia subaracnoidea: El sangrado se produce en el espacio entre el cerebro y las capas delgadas de tejido que lo recubren. Esto suele ocurrir cuando un punto débil de una arteria (llamado aneurisma) se rompe en la superficie del cerebro\n¿Qué causa un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLas causas más comunes incluyen:\n• Aneurisma: Una protuberancia o \"abultamiento\" en una pared arterial debilitada que puede reventar\n• Malformación arteriovenosa (MAV): Un grupo enredado de vasos sanguíneos anormales que puede romperse dentro del cerebro\n• Presión arterial alta (hipertensión): Con el tiempo, puede debilitar las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y aumentar el riesgo de que se rompan\n• Traumatismo craneal: Una lesión cerebral puede causar sangrado\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLos síntomas de un derrame cerebral suelen aparecer de repente. Entre ellos se incluyen:\n• Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)\n• Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje\n• Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos\n• Problemas para caminar repentina, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación\n• Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida\nLa prueba F.A.S.T. puede ayudarle a recordar qué observar si sospechas que alguien está sufriendo un derrame cerebral. Piense \"rápido\" (\"FAST\", por sus siglas en inglés) y observe:\n• Cara (Face): Cara caída hacia un lado al sonreír\n• Brazos (Arm): Debilidad en los brazos al levantarlos y uno de ellos se inclina hacia abajo\n• Habla (Speech): Habla de forma arrastrada o extraña\n• Tiempo (Time): Es hora de llamar al 911\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de cuidados de la salud puede realizarle un examen físico, preguntarle acerca de sus síntomas e historia clínica y utilizar pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes para comprobar si hay sangrado en su cerebro.\n¿Cómo se trata un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nEs importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. En un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico, los primeros pasos consisten en encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro y detenerlo. El tratamiento puede implicar medicamentos o, en algunos casos, cirugía para detener el sangrado o aliviar la presión en el cerebro.\nDespués de un accidente cerebrovascular, la rehabilitación puede ayudar a las personas a recuperar las capacidades perdidas y recuperar la independencia.\n¿Se puede prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular es hacer cambios saludables en su estilo de vida para reducir el riesgo. Si esos cambios no son suficientes, su profesional de la salud podría recetarle medicamentos para ayudarle a controlar sus factores de riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0262","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-bleeding-inside-the-skull-not-due-to-injury","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-bleeding-inside-the-skull-not-due-to-injury","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I62","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other bleeding inside the skull (not due to injury)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte hemoragii intracraniene netraumatice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نزف آخر داخل الجمجمة غير ناتج عن إصابة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné netraumatické nitrolební krvácení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere nichttraumatische intrakranielle Blutung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλη μη τραυματική ενδοκρανιακή αιμορραγία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras hemorragias intracraneales no traumáticas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres hémorragies intracrâniennes non traumatiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खोपड़ी के अंदर अन्य रक्तस्राव (चोट के बिना)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb nem sérüléses koponyaűri vérzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre emorragie intracraniche non traumatiche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の非外傷性頭蓋内出血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 비외상성 두개내 출혈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne nieurazowe krwotoki śródczaszkowe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras hemorragias intracranianas não traumáticas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие нетравматические внутричерепные кровоизлияния","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné netraumatické vnútrolebkové krvácanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer travmatik olmayan kafa içi kanamalar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші нетравматичні внутрішньочерепні крововиливи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他非创伤性颅内出血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hemorrhagic Stroke","text":"What is a hemorrhagic stroke?\nA stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Your brain cells cannot get the oxygen and nutrients they need from blood, and they start to die within a few minutes. This can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.\nThere are two main types of strokes, ischemic and hemorrhagic. A hemorrhagic stroke is less common but often more severe. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding (hemorrhage) in or around the brain. This bleeding increases pressure inside the skull and damages brain tissue. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.\nWhat are the types of hemorrhagic stroke?\nHemorrhagic strokes are classified by where the bleeding happens:\n• Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding occurs directly into the brain tissue. This is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke.\n• Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding occurs in the space between the brain and the thin layers of tissues covering it. This often happens when a weak spot in an artery (called an aneurysm) bursts on the brain's surface.\nWhat causes hemorrhagic stroke?\nCommon causes include:\n• Aneurysm. A bulge or \"ballooning\" in a weakened artery wall that can burst.\n• Arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A tangled group of abnormal blood vessels that can rupture inside the brain.\n• High blood pressure (hypertension). Over time, it can weaken blood vessel walls and increase the risk of them breaking open.\n• Head trauma. Brain injury can cause bleeding.\nWhat are the symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke?\nStroke symptoms often happen suddenly. They include:\n• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)\n• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech\n• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes\n• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination\n• Sudden severe headache with no known cause\nThe F.A.S.T. test can help you remember what to look for if you think someone is having a\nstroke. Think \"FAST\" and look for:\n• Face drooping on one side when smiling.\n• Arm weakness occurs when the arms are raised, and one arm drifts downward.\n• Speech is slurred or strange.\n• Time to call 911.\nHow is a hemorrhagic stroke diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider may do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms and medical history, and use imaging tests to check for bleeding in your brain.\nHow is hemorrhagic stroke treated?\nIt is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. For a hemorrhagic stroke, the first step is to find the cause of bleeding in the brain and stop it. Treatment may involve medicines or, in some cases, surgery to stop the bleeding or relieve pressure on the brain.\nAfter the stroke, rehabilitation can help people recover lost abilities and regain independence.\nCan a hemorrhagic stroke be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent stroke is by making heart-healthy lifestyle changes to lower your risk. If lifestyle changes aren't enough, your provider may prescribe medicine to help manage your risk factors.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico","text":"¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nUn accidente cerebrovascular ocurre cuando se pierde el flujo sanguíneo a una parte del cerebro. Las células cerebrales no pueden obtener el oxígeno y los nutrientes que necesitan de la sangre y comienzan a morir en pocos minutos. Esto puede causar daño cerebral permanente, discapacidad a largo plazo o incluso la muerte.\nHay dos tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares: Isquémico y hemorrágico. El accidente cerebral hemorrágico es el tipo menos común. Ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo se rompe, lo que provoca un sangrado (hemorragia) en el cerebro o a su alrededor. Este sangrado aumenta la presión dentro del cráneo y daña el tejido cerebral. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos?\nLos accidentes cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos se clasifican según el lugar donde se produce el sangrado:\n• Hemorragia intracerebral: El sangrado se produce directamente en el tejido cerebral. Este es el tipo más común de accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico\n• Hemorragia subaracnoidea: El sangrado se produce en el espacio entre el cerebro y las capas delgadas de tejido que lo recubren. Esto suele ocurrir cuando un punto débil de una arteria (llamado aneurisma) se rompe en la superficie del cerebro\n¿Qué causa un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLas causas más comunes incluyen:\n• Aneurisma: Una protuberancia o \"abultamiento\" en una pared arterial debilitada que puede reventar\n• Malformación arteriovenosa (MAV): Un grupo enredado de vasos sanguíneos anormales que puede romperse dentro del cerebro\n• Presión arterial alta (hipertensión): Con el tiempo, puede debilitar las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y aumentar el riesgo de que se rompan\n• Traumatismo craneal: Una lesión cerebral puede causar sangrado\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLos síntomas de un derrame cerebral suelen aparecer de repente. Entre ellos se incluyen:\n• Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)\n• Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje\n• Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos\n• Problemas para caminar repentina, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación\n• Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida\nLa prueba F.A.S.T. puede ayudarle a recordar qué observar si sospechas que alguien está sufriendo un derrame cerebral. Piense \"rápido\" (\"FAST\", por sus siglas en inglés) y observe:\n• Cara (Face): Cara caída hacia un lado al sonreír\n• Brazos (Arm): Debilidad en los brazos al levantarlos y uno de ellos se inclina hacia abajo\n• Habla (Speech): Habla de forma arrastrada o extraña\n• Tiempo (Time): Es hora de llamar al 911\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de cuidados de la salud puede realizarle un examen físico, preguntarle acerca de sus síntomas e historia clínica y utilizar pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes para comprobar si hay sangrado en su cerebro.\n¿Cómo se trata un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nEs importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. En un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico, los primeros pasos consisten en encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro y detenerlo. El tratamiento puede implicar medicamentos o, en algunos casos, cirugía para detener el sangrado o aliviar la presión en el cerebro.\nDespués de un accidente cerebrovascular, la rehabilitación puede ayudar a las personas a recuperar las capacidades perdidas y recuperar la independencia.\n¿Se puede prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular es hacer cambios saludables en su estilo de vida para reducir el riesgo. Si esos cambios no son suficientes, su profesional de la salud podría recetarle medicamentos para ayudarle a controlar sus factores de riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0263","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"stroke-cerebral-infarction","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/stroke-cerebral-infarction","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I63","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Stroke (cerebral infarction)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Accident vascular cerebral ischemic (infarct cerebral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السكتة الدماغية (احتشاء المخ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ischemická cévní mozková příhoda (mozkový infarkt)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schlaganfall (Hirninfarkt)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ισχαιμικό εγκεφαλικό επεισόδιο (εγκεφαλικό έμφρακτο)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ictus isquémico (infarto cerebral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique (infarctus cérébral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्ट्रोक (मस्तिष्क रोधगलन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Agyi infarktus (ischaemiás stroke)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ictus ischemico (infarto cerebrale)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脳梗塞","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌경색","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Udar niedokrwienny mózgu (zawał mózgu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"AVC isquémico (enfarte cerebral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ишемический инсульт (инфаркт мозга)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ischemická cievna mozgová príhoda (mozgový infarkt)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnme (beyin enfarktüsü)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ішемічний інсульт (інфаркт мозку)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑梗死","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ischemic Stroke","text":"What is an ischemic stroke?\nA stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Your brain cells cannot get the oxygen and nutrients they need from blood, and they start to die within a few minutes. This can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.\nThere are two main types of strokes, ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke is the more common type. An ischemic stroke happens when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Quick treatment can save a life and improve the chances of recovery.\nWhat causes an ischemic stroke?\nIschemic strokes are usually caused by one or more of the following:\n• A blood clot. A clot can form in an artery that supplies the brain (thrombosis), or it can travel from another part of the body (embolism).\n• Atherosclerosis. A disease in which plaque, a sticky substance made up of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, builds up inside your arteries.\n• Irregular heart rhythms. Conditions like atrial fibrillation can cause clots to form in the heart, which may travel to the brain.\n• Other heart and blood conditions. Such as heart valve diseases or sickle cell disease.\nA transient ischemic attack (TIA) is caused by a brief blockage of blood flow to the brain. It usually lasts a few minutes. Having a TIA can mean you are at risk for having a more serious stroke.\nWhat are the symptoms of ischemic stroke?\nSymptoms of stroke often happen suddenly. They include:\n• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)\n• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech\n• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes\n• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination\n• Sudden severe headache with no known cause\nIf you think someone is having a stroke, the F.A.S.T. test can help you remember what to look for. Think \"FAST\" and look for:\n• Face drooping on one side when smiling.\n• Arm weakness that occurs when the arms are raised, and one arm drifts downward.\n• Speech is slurred or strange.\n• Time to call 911.\nHow is an ischemic stroke diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider may do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms and medical history, and use imaging tests. Other heart tests may be done to help find the cause of the stroke.\nHow is an ischemic stroke treated?\nIt is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. The most common treatments include:\n• Medicines such as blood thinners or thrombolytics (which break up and dissolve existing clots) may be used to prevent or treat ischemic stroke.\n• Surgery or stenting may be used to open narrowed arteries or remove plaque build-up from the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain.\nAfter treatment, rehabilitation can help you regain lost skills and independence. Your provider may also order other medicines to manage your blood pressure,cholesterol, or other health problems such as diabetes that may increase your risk for stroke.\nCan an ischemic stroke be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent stroke is by making heart-healthy lifestyle changes to lower your risk. If lifestyle changes aren't enough, your provider may prescribe medicine to help manage your risk factors.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico","text":"¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico?\nUn accidente cerebrovascular ocurre cuando se pierde el flujo sanguíneo a una parte del cerebro. Las células cerebrales no pueden obtener el oxígeno y los nutrientes que necesitan de la sangre y comienzan a morir en pocos minutos. Esto puede causar daño cerebral permanente, discapacidad a largo plazo o incluso la muerte.\nHay dos tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares: Isquémico y hemorrágico. El ataque cerebral isquémico es el tipo más común. Ocurre cuando un coágulo sanguíneo bloquea o tapa un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Esto evita que la sangre fluya hacia este órgano. Un tratamiento rápido puede salvar una vida y mejorar las probabilidades de recuperación.\n¿Qué causa un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico?\nLos accidentes cerebrovasculares isquémicos suelen estar causados por uno o más de los siguientes factores:\n• Un coágulo sanguíneo: Un coágulo puede formarse en una arteria que lleva sangre el cerebro (trombosis) o puede desplazarse desde otra parte del cuerpo (embolia)\n• Ateroesclerosis: Una enfermedad en la que la placa, una sustancia pegajosa compuesta de colesterol, grasa y otras sustancias, se acumula dentro de las arterias\n• Ritmos cardíacos irregulares: Afecciones como la fibrilación auricular pueden provocar la formación de coágulos en el corazón, que pueden desplazarse al cerebro\n• Otras afecciones cardíacas y sanguíneas: Como las enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón o la enfermedad de células falciformes\nUn ataque isquémico transitorio se produce cuando la sangre no llega al cerebro por unos instantes. Suele durar unos minutos. Tener un ataque isquémico transitorio puede significar que usted está en riesgo de sufrir un derrame cerebral más grave.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico?\nLos síntomas de un derrame cerebral suelen aparecer de repente. Entre ellos se incluyen:\n• Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)\n• Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje\n• Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos\n• Problemas para caminar repentino, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación/li>\n• Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida\nLa prueba F.A.S.T. puede ayudarle a recordar qué observar si sospechas que alguien está sufriendo un derrame cerebral. Piense \"rápido\" (\"FAST\", por sus siglas en inglés) y observe:\n• Cara (Face): Cara caída hacia un lado al sonreír\n• Brazos (Arm): Debilidad en los brazos al levantarlos y uno de ellos se inclina hacia abajo\n• Habla (Speech): Habla arrastrada o extraña\n• Tiempo (Time): Es hora de llamar al 911\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de cuidados de la salud puede realizarle un examen físico, preguntarle acerca de sus síntomas e historia clínica y utilizar pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes para comprobar si hay sangrado en su cerebro. También puede realizarle otras pruebas cardíacas para ayudar a encontrar la causa del accidente cerebrovascular.\n¿Cómo se trata un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico?\nEs importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. Los tratamientos más comunes incluyen:\n• Medicamentos: Los anticoagulantes o trombolíticos (que disuelven los coágulos existentes) pueden usarse para prevenir o tratar el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico\n• Cirugía o la colocación de un stent: Pueden usarse para abrir las arterias estrechas o eliminar la acumulación de placa en las arterias carótidas, que lleva sangre al cerebro\nDespués de un accidente cerebrovascular, la rehabilitación puede ayudar a las personas a recuperar las capacidades perdidas y recuperar la independencia. Su profesional de la salud también puede ordenar otros medicamentos para controlar su presión arterial, colesterol u otros problemas de salud, como diabetes, que pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener un accidente cerebrovascular.\n¿Se puede prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir un accidente cerebrovascular es hacer cambios saludables en su estilo de vida para reducir el riesgo. Si esos cambios no son suficientes, su profesional de la salud podría recetarle medicamentos para ayudarle a controlar sus factores de riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0264","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"atherosclerotic-chronic-arterial-occlusive-disease-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/atherosclerotic-chronic-arterial-occlusive-disease-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I70","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ateroscleroză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تصلب الشرايين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ateroskleróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Arteriosklerose (Atherosklerose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αθηροσκλήρωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aterosclerosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Athérosclérose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एथेरोस्क्लेरोसिस (धमनियों का सख्त होना)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Érelmeszesedés (atherosclerosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aterosclerosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アテローム性動脈硬化症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"죽상경화증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Miażdżyca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aterosclerose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Атеросклероз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ateroskleróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ateroskleroz (damar sertliği)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Атеросклероз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"动脉粥样硬化","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Atherosclerosis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Atherosclerosis","text":"What is atherosclerosis?\nAtherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made up of cholesterol, fat, blood cells, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and causes your arteries to narrow. That limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body.\nSome people may confuse atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, but they are not the same thing:\n• Arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries, which means that the arteries thicken and become less flexible. It can have several different causes.\n• Atherosclerosis, which develops from plaque buildup, is a common type of arteriosclerosis.\nAtherosclerosis can affect most of the arteries in the body. It has different names, based on which arteries are affected:\n• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries of your heart.\n• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. It most often affects the arteries of your legs, but it can also affect the arteries of your arms or pelvis.\n• Carotid artery disease is plaque buildup in the neck arteries. It reduces blood flow to the brain.\n• Renal artery stenosis is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to your kidneys.\n• Vertebral artery disease is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the back of your brain.\n• Mesenteric artery ischemia is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply your intestines with blood.\nWhat causes atherosclerosis?\nPlaque often starts to build up during childhood and gets worse with age. The exact cause is unknown, but researchers believe that this buildup happens when there is damage to the arteries. This damage may be caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and your genes.\nWho is more likely to develop atherosclerosis?\nYou may be more likely to develop atherosclerosis if you:\n• Have certain medical conditions, including:\n• High blood pressure\n• High blood cholesterol\n• Diabetes\n• Metabolic syndrome\n• Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis\n• Have a family history of high blood cholesterol\n• Eat a lot of foods high in saturated fats\n• Smoke or chew tobacco\n• Are older - the risk increases after age 45 men and age 55 in women\nWhat are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?\nIn the early stages, atherosclerosis often does not cause any symptoms. You may first notice some symptoms at times when your body needs more oxygen. For example, this could be when you are having physical or emotional stress.\nYour symptoms will depend on which arteries are affected and how much blood flow is blocked:\n• With coronary artery disease, the symptoms may include angina (a type of chest pain), palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and shortness of breath.\n• With carotid artery disease, you may have a bruit. This is a whooshing sound that your health care provider hears when using a stethoscope. You could also have a transient ischemic attack (TIA), sometimes called a mini-stroke.\n• With peripheral artery disease, you may have pain, aching, heaviness, or cramping in the legs when walking or climbing stairs.\n• With vertebral artery disease, you may have problems with thinking and memory, weakness or numbness on one side of the body or face, and vision trouble. You could also have a transient ischemic attack.\n• With mesenteric artery ischemia, the symptoms can include severe pain after meals, weight loss, and diarrhea.\nFor men, erectile dysfunction (ED) is an early warning sign that you may be at higher risk for atherosclerosis and its complications. If you have ED, talk with your provider about your risk of plaque buildup.\nWhat other problems can atherosclerosis cause?\nAtherosclerosis can cause other health problems, or complications. For example, if a plaque bursts, a blood clot may form. The clot could block the artery completely or travel to another part of the body. Other possible complications can vary, depending on which arteries are affected. For example, blockages in different parts of the body can lead to complications such as a heart attack, stroke, vascular dementia, or limb loss.\nHow is atherosclerosis diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have atherosclerosis, your provider:\n• Will ask about your medical and family health history\n• Will ask about your lifestyle and risk factors for plaque buildup in the arteries\n• Will do a physical exam, which will include listening to your heart and the blood flow in your arteries\n• Will likely order tests, such as blood tests and heart health tests\nWhat are the treatments for atherosclerosis?\nIf you have atherosclerosis, your provider will work with you to create a treatment plan that works for you. Your plan will depend on which arteries are affected, how much the blood flow is blocked, and what other medical conditions you have. Possible treatments may include:\n• Heart-healthy lifestyle changes.\n• Medicines to:\n• Manage your risk factors.\n• Treat atherosclerosis or its complications.\n• Treat any medical conditions you have that can worsen plaque buildup.\n• Procedures or surgeries to treat diseases or complications that were caused by plaque buildup. The specific type of procedure or surgery will depend on which arteries are affected.\n• Cardiac rehabilitation, if you have had certain complications from atherosclerosis.\nCan atherosclerosis be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to try to prevent atherosclerosis:\n• Choose heart-healthy foods, such fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit foods that are high in saturated fats, salt, and added sugars.\n• Do regular physical activity. But before you start an exercise program, ask your provider what level of physical activity is right for you.\n• Aim for a healthy weight.\n• Limit how much alcohol you drink. Drinking less is better for health than drinking more. Men should limit their intake to 2 drinks or less in a day. Women should drink 1 drink or less per day.\n• Manage stress.\n• If you smoke, quit smoking.\n• Avoid secondhand smoke.\n• Get enough good-quality sleep.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ateroesclerosis","text":"¿Qué es la ateroesclerosis?\nLa ateroesclerosis (también conocida como aterosclerosis) es una afección en la que se acumula placa dentro de las arterias. La placa es una sustancia pegajosa hecha de colesterol, grasa, células sanguíneas, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece, estrechando las arterias. Esto limita el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno al cuerpo.\nAlgunas personas pueden confundir ateroesclerosis y arteriosclerosis, pero no son lo mismo:\n• La arteriosclerosis es el endurecimiento de las arterias, lo que significa que las arterias se engrosan y se vuelven menos flexibles. Puede tener varias causas diferentes\n• La aterosclerosis, que se desarrolla a partir de la acumulación de placa, es un tipo común de arteriosclerosis\nLa ateroesclerosis puede afectar a la mayoría de las arterias del cuerpo. Tiene diferentes nombres, según las arterias afectadas:\n• Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: Acumulación de placa en las arterias del corazón\n• Enfermedad arterial periférica: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que transportan sangre desde el corazón a otras partes del cuerpo. Con mayor frecuencia afecta las arterias de las piernas, pero también puede afectar las arterias de los brazos o la pelvis\n• Enfermedad de las arterias carótidas: Acumulación de placa en las arterias del cuello. Reduce el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro\n• Estenosis de la arteria renal: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los riñones\n• Enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a la parte posterior del cerebro\n• Isquemia de la arteria mesentérica: Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los intestinos\n¿Qué causa la ateroesclerosis?\nA menudo, la placa comienza a acumularse durante la niñez y empeora con la edad. Se desconoce la causa exacta, pero los investigadores piensan que esta acumulación ocurre cuando hay daño en las arterias. Este daño puede ser causado por hábitos de vida poco saludables, afecciones de salud y los genes.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis?\nEs posible que tenga más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis si:\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones médicas, incluyendo:\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Colesterol alto en sangre\n• Diabetes\n• Síndrome metabólico\n• Enfermedades inflamatorias como artritis reumatoide y psoriasis\n• Antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto en la sangre\n• Consumir muchos alimentos ricos en grasas saturadas\n• Fumar o masticar tabaco\n• La edad: El riesgo aumenta después de los 45 años en los hombres y de los 55 años en las mujeres\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la ateroesclerosis?\nEn las primeras etapas, a menudo la ateroesclerosis no causa ningún síntoma. Es posible que note algunos síntomas por primera vez en momentos en que su cuerpo necesita más oxígeno. Por ejemplo, esto puede ocurrir cuando tiene estrés físico o emocional.\nSus síntomas dependen de las arterias afectadas y de cuánto flujo sanguíneo esté bloqueado:\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, los síntomas pueden incluir angina (un tipo de dolor en el pecho), palpitaciones (corazón acelerado o fuerte) y problemas para respirar\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias carótidas, es posible que tenga un soplo. Este es un silbido que su profesional de la salud escucha al usar un estetoscopio. También puede tener un ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT), a veces llamado \"mini accidente cerebrovascular\"\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias periféricas, es posible que sienta dolor, molestias, pesadez o calambres en las piernas al caminar o subir escaleras\n• En la enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales, puede tener problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria, debilidad o entumecimiento en un lado del cuerpo o en la cara, y problemas de la vista. También podría tener un ataque isquémico transitorio\n• En la isquemia de la arteria mesentérica, los síntomas pueden incluir dolor intenso después de las comidas, pérdida de peso y diarrea\nPara los hombres, la disfunción eréctil es una señal de advertencia temprana de que pueden tener un mayor riesgo de sufrir ateroesclerosis y sus complicaciones. Si tiene disfunción eréctil, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de acumulación de placa.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la ateroesclerosis?\nLa ateroesclerosis puede causar otros problemas de salud o complicaciones. Por ejemplo, si la placa se rompe, puede formarse un coágulo sanguíneo. El coágulo puede bloquear la arteria por completo o viajar a otra parte del cuerpo. Otras posibles complicaciones pueden variar, según las arterias afectadas. Por ejemplo, las obstrucciones en diferentes partes del cuerpo pueden causar complicaciones como un ataque cardíaco, un accidente cerebrovascular, demencia vascular o la pérdida de una extremidad.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la ateroesclerosis?\nPara saber si tiene aterosclerosis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y de salud familiar\n• Preguntará sobre su estilo de vida y los factores de riesgo de acumulación de placa en las arterias\n• Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo escuchar su corazón y el flujo de sangre en sus arterias\n• Es probable que solicite pruebas, como análisis de sangre y pruebas de salud del corazón\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la ateroesclerosis?\nSi tiene ateroesclerosis, su profesional de la salud trabajará con usted para crear un plan de tratamiento apropiado para su salud. Su plan dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas, qué tan bloqueado está el flujo sanguíneo y qué otros problemas médicos tenga. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón\n• Medicamentos para:\n• Manejar sus factores de riesgo\n• Tratar la ateroesclerosis o sus complicaciones\n• Tratar cualquier problema médico que tenga y que pueda empeorar la acumulación de placa\n• Procedimientos o cirugías para tratar enfermedades o complicaciones causadas por la acumulación de placa. El tipo específico de procedimiento o cirugía dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas\n• Rehabilitación cardíaca, si ha tenido ciertas complicaciones por ateroesclerosis\n¿Se puede prevenir la ateroesclerosis?\nHay medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir la ateroesclerosis:\n• Elija alimentos saludables para el corazón, como frutas, verduras y cereales integrales. Limite los alimentos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas, sal y azúcares añadidos\n• Haga actividad física regularmente: Antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicios, pregúntele a su proveedor de atención médica qué nivel de actividad física es el adecuado para usted\n• Trate de lograr un peso saludable\n• Limite la cantidad de alcohol que consume: Beber menos es mejor para la salud que beber más. Los hombres deben limitar su consumo a 2 bebidas o menos al día. Las mujeres deben beber 1 trago o menos por día\n• Controle el estrés\n• Si fuma, deje de fumar\n• Evite el humo de segunda mano\n• Duerma lo suficiente y de buena calidad\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0265","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"aortic-aneurysm-or-dissection-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/aortic-aneurysm-or-dissection-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I71","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BD50.Z","display":"Aortic aneurysm or dissection, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1674517934/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1674517934/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anevrism și disecție de aortă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أم الدم الأبهرية وتسلخ الأبهر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aneurysma a disekce aorty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aortenaneurysma und Aortendissektion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεύρυσμα και διαχωρισμός αορτής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aneurisma y disección de aorta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anévrisme et dissection de l'aorte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"महाधमनी धमनीविस्फार और विच्छेदन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aortaaneurizma és -disszekció","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aneurisma e dissezione aortica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"大動脈瘤・大動脈解離","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"대동맥류 및 대동맥 박리","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tętniak i rozwarstwienie aorty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aneurisma e dissecção da aorta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аневризма и расслоение аорты","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aneuryzma a disekcia aorty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aort anevrizması ve diseksiyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аневризма та розшарування аорти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Aortic aneurysm and dissection","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Aortic Aneurysm","text":"What is an aortic aneurysm?\nAn aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of your body. Most aneurysms occur in the aorta, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen.\nIf an aneurysm grows large, it can burst (rupture) or cause a tear in the artery wall (dissection). Both can lead to bleeding inside the body and be life-threatening.\nWhat are the types of aortic aneurysms?\nThere are two types of aortic aneurysm:\n• Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) occur in the part of the aorta that runs through your abdomen (belly). This is the most common type.\n• Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) occur in the part of the aorta that runs through your chest.\nWhat causes an aortic aneurysm?\nAortic aneurysms develop when the aortic wall weakens over time. Sometimes the exact cause is unknown. Possible causes may include:\n• Atherosclerosis (a buildup of fat and other substances in the arteries)\n• Injury to the aorta\n• Certain infections, such as syphilis\n• Certain genetic conditions\nWhat increases the risk of an aortic aneurysm?\nFactors that may increase your risk of an aortic aneurysm include:\n• Smoking\n• High blood pressure\n• High cholesterol\n• Family history of aneurysms\n• Being male (higher risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm)\n• Older age (higher risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm)\n• Being white (higher risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm)\nWhat are the symptoms of an aortic aneurysm?\nMost aortic aneurysms don't cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may depend on where the aneurysm is and whether it has become large enough to affect other parts of your body. Possible symptoms may include:\n• Painful or difficulty swallowing\n• A pulsing or throbbing feeling in your abdomen (belly)\n• Pain in the neck, jaw, back, chest, shoulder, or abdomen (belly)\n• Shortness of breath or trouble breathing\n• Swelling of the face, neck, or arms\nIf an aneurysm breaks open it is called a rupture. A ruptured aortic aneurysm can cause sudden, severe internal bleeding and is a medical emergency. Call 911 right away if you have:\n• Sudden, severe pain in your abdomen (belly), chest, or back\n• Dizziness\n• A fast heartbeat\nHow is an aortic aneurysm diagnosed?\nA health care provider may find aneurysms during tests done for other health issues. To check for an aortic aneurysm, your provider may:\n• Do a physical exam\n• Order imaging tests such as an ultrasound, to find or measure an aneurysm\n• Order a CT scan, or MRI scan for more details about the shape or location of an aneurysm\n• Order an echocardiogram to check the size of the aneurysm and the thoracic aorta, which is close to the heart\nWho should be screened for an aortic aneurysm?\nBecause aneurysms often don't cause symptoms, screening is important if you are at higher risk. Talk to your provider to see whether screening is right for you. In general, screening for an aortic aneurysm is usually done with an ultrasound.\nScreening for an abdominal aortic aneurysm is recommended for:\n• Men 65 to 75 years old who have smoked or have a close relative with an aortic aneurysm\n• Men 65 to 75 years old who have never smoked but have other risk factors, such as family history, other aneurysms, or coronary artery disease\n• Men and women older than 75 years old who have smoked or have a close relative with an aneurysm\n• People with peripheral artery disease may also need screening\nYour provider may recommend screening for a thoracic aortic aneurysm if you have:\n• A close relative with a thoracic aortic aneurysm\n• Certain genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, or Turner syndrome\nWhat are the treatments for an aortic aneurysm?\nTreatment for an aortic aneurysm depends on its size and how fast it's growing. The treatment options may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, and surgery.\n• Small aneurysms are often monitored with regular imaging tests and treated with medicines to manage blood pressure and cholesterol\n• Large or fast-growing aneurysms often require surgery to reduce the risk of rupture\nCan an aortic aneurysm be prevented?\nYou may not be able to prevent an aortic aneurysm, but you can lower your risk by:\n• Not smoking (or quitting smoking)\n• Managing your blood pressure and cholesterol\n• Eating a heart-healthy diet\n• Getting regular physical activity\n• Managing stress\n• Knowing your family history and asking your provider about screening\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Aneurisma aórtico","text":"¿Qué es un aneurisma aórtico?\nUn aneurisma es una dilatación en forma de globo en la pared de una arteria. Las arterias son vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre rica en oxígeno desde el corazón a otras partes del cuerpo. La mayoría de los aneurismas se producen en la aorta, la arteria principal que va desde el corazón a través del tórax (pecho) y el abdomen.\nSi un aneurisma crece demasiado, puede reventar (romperse) o provocar un desgarro en la pared de la arteria (disección). Ambos casos pueden causar hemorragia interna y poner en peligro la vida.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de aneurismas aórticos?\nExisten dos tipos de aneurisma aórtico:\n• Los aneurismas de aorta abdominal (AAA) se producen en la parte de la aorta que recorre el abdomen. Este es el tipo más frecuente\n• Los aneurismas de aorta torácica (AAT) se producen en la parte de la aorta que recorre el tórax (pecho)\n¿Qué causa un aneurisma aórtico?\nLos aneurismas aórticos se desarrollan cuando la pared de la aorta se debilita con el paso del tiempo. Si bien a veces se desconoce la causa exacta, algunas posibles causas incluyen:\n• Aterosclerosis (acumulación de grasa y otras sustancias en las arterias)\n• Lesión en la aorta\n• Ciertas infecciones, como la sífilis\n• Ciertas enfermedades genéticas\n¿Qué aumenta el riesgo de aneurisma aórtico?\nAlgunos de los factores que pueden aumentar el riesgo de aneurisma aórtico incluyen:\n• Fumar\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Colesterol alto\n• Antecedentes familiares de aneurismas\n• Ser hombre (mayor riesgo de aneurisma de aorta abdominal)\n• Edad avanzada (mayor riesgo de aneurisma de aorta abdominal)\n• Ser de raza blanca (mayor riesgo de aneurisma de aorta abdominal)\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un aneurisma aórtico?\nLa mayoría de los aneurismas aórticos no causan síntomas. Si presenta síntomas, estos pueden depender de la ubicación del aneurisma y de si ha crecido lo suficiente como para afectar otras partes del cuerpo. Algunos posibles síntomas incluyen:\n• Dolor o problemas para tragar\n• Sensación de pulsación o latido en el abdomen\n• Dolor en el cuello, la mandíbula, la espalda, el pecho, el hombro o el abdomen\n• Falta de aire o dificultad para respirar\n• Hinchazón en la cara, el cuello o los brazos\nCuando un aneurisma se rompe, se denomina rotura. La rotura de un aneurisma aórtico puede causar una hemorragia interna repentina y grave, y constituye una emergencia médica. Llame al 911 de inmediato si presenta:\n• Dolor repentino e intenso en el abdomen, el pecho o la espalda\n• Mareos\n• Ritmo cardíaco acelerado\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un aneurisma aórtico?\nUn proveedor de atención médica puede detectar aneurismas durante pruebas realizadas por otros problemas de salud. Para detectar un aneurisma aórtico, su proveedor puede:\n• Realizar un examen físico\n• Solicitar pruebas por imágenes, como una ecografía, para localizar o medir un aneurisma\n• Solicitar una tomografía computarizada (TC) o imágenes por resonancia magnética (RM) para obtener más detalles sobre la forma o la ubicación de un aneurisma\n• Solicitar un ecocardiograma para evaluar el tamaño del aneurisma y de la aorta torácica, que se encuentra cerca del corazón\n¿Quién debe realizarse pruebas de detección de aneurisma aórtico?\nDebido a que los aneurismas a menudo no causan síntomas, las pruebas de detección son importantes si usted tiene un mayor riesgo. Hable con su proveedor para ver si las pruebas de detección son adecuadas para usted. En general, la detección de un aneurisma aórtico suele realizarse mediante una ecografía.\nSe recomienda realizar pruebas de detección de aneurisma aórtico abdominal en:\n• Hombres de 65 a 75 años que hayan fumado o tengan un familiar cercano con un aneurisma aórtico\n• Hombres de 65 a 75 años que nunca hayan fumado, pero tengan otros factores de riesgo, como antecedentes familiares, otros aneurismas o enfermedad de las arterias coronarias\n• Hombres y mujeres mayores de 75 años que hayan fumado o tengan un familiar cercano con un aneurisma\n• Las personas con enfermedad arterial periférica también pueden necesitar pruebas de detección\nSu proveedor puede recomendarle pruebas de detección de aneurisma de la aorta torácica si tiene:\n• Un familiar cercano con un aneurisma de la aorta torácica\n• Ciertas afecciones genéticas como el síndrome de Marfan, el síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, el síndrome de Loeys-Dietz o el síndrome de Turner\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para un aneurisma aórtico?\nEl tratamiento de un aneurisma aórtico depende de su tamaño y de la rapidez con la que crece. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir cambios en el estilo de vida que sean saludables para el corazón, medicamentos y cirugía.\n• Los aneurismas pequeños a menudo se vigilan mediante pruebas por imágenes periódicas y se tratan con medicamentos para controlar la presión arterial y el colesterol\n• Los aneurismas grandes o de rápido crecimiento suelen requerir cirugía para reducir el riesgo de rotura\n¿Se puede prevenir un aneurisma aórtico?\nEs posible que no pueda prevenir un aneurisma aórtico, pero puede reducir su riesgo al:\n• No fumar (o dejar de fumar)\n• Controlar su presión arterial y colesterol\n• Llevar una dieta saludable para el corazón\n• Hacer actividad física con regularidad\n• Manejar el estrés\n• Conocer sus antecedentes familiares y preguntarle a su proveedor sobre las pruebas de detección\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0266","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"aneurysm-and-dissection-of-unspecified-artery","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/aneurysm-and-dissection-of-unspecified-artery","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I72","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte anevrisme și disecții","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمهات دم وتسلخات أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná aneurysmata a disekce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Aneurysmen und Dissektionen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλα ανευρύσματα και διαχωρισμοί","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros aneurismas y disecciones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres anévrismes et dissections","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य धमनीविस्फार और विच्छेदन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb aneurizmák és disszekciók","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri aneurismi e dissezioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の動脈瘤・解離","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 동맥류 및 박리","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne tętniaki i rozwarstwienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros aneurismas e dissecções","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие аневризмы и расслоения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné aneuryzmy a disekcie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer anevrizmalar ve diseksiyonlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші аневризми та розшарування","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他动脉瘤和夹层","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other aneurysm and dissection","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Aneurysms","text":"An aneurysm is a bulge or \"ballooning\" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death.\nMost aneurysms occur in the aorta, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen. Aneurysms also can happen in arteries in the brain, heart and other parts of the body. If an aneurysm in the brain bursts, it causes a stroke.\nAneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms. Often doctors can stop aneurysms from bursting if they find and treat them early. They use imaging tests to find aneurysms. Often aneurysms are found by chance during tests done for other reasons. Medicines and surgery are the two main treatments for aneurysms.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Aneurismas","text":"Un aneurisma es un ensanchamiento anormal de las paredes de una arteria. Las arterias son vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre oxigenada desde el corazón hacia otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma crece, puede romperse y provocar una hemorragia peligrosa e incluso la muerte.\nLa mayoría de los aneurismas ocurre en la aorta, la arteria principal que sale del corazón y pasa por el pecho y el abdomen. También pueden ocurrir en las arterias del cerebro y otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma cerebral se rompe, produce un derrame.\nLos aneurismas pueden desarrollarse y crecer antes de causar síntomas. Con frecuencia, si se detectan y se tratan anticipadamente, los médicos pueden detener la ruptura de los aneurismas. Para encontrarlos se usan pruebas de imágenes. Muchas veces los aneurismas se encuentran por accidente durante pruebas hechas por otras razones. Los dos tratamientos principales son las medicinas y la cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0267","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"portal-vein-thrombosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/portal-vein-thrombosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I81","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB98.3","display":"Portal vein thrombosis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/866276949","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#866276949"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Portal vein thrombosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tromboză de venă portă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تخثر الوريد البابي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trombóza vrátnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pfortaderthrombose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Θρόμβωση της πυλαίας φλέβας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trombosis de la vena porta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Thrombose de la veine porte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पोर्टल शिरा घनास्त्रता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vena portae trombózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trombosi della vena porta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"門脈血栓症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"문맥혈전증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zakrzepica żyły wrotnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trombose da veia porta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тромбоз воротной вены","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trombóza vrátnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Portal ven trombozu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тромбоз ворітної вени","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"门静脉血栓形成","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0268","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"varicose-veins-of-the-legs","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/varicose-veins-of-the-legs","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I83","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BD74.1Z","display":"Lower limb varicose veins, not further specified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/574933822/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#574933822/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Varicose veins of the legs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Varice ale membrelor inferioare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دوالي الساقين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Křečové žíly dolních končetin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krampfadern der Beine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κιρσοί των κάτω άκρων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Varices de las piernas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Varices des membres inférieurs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैरों की वैरिकोज़ नसें","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alsó végtagi visszértágulat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vene varicose degli arti inferiori","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"下肢静脈瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"하지정맥류","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Żylaki kończyn dolnych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Varizes dos membros inferiores","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Варикозное расширение вен нижних конечностей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kŕčové žily dolných končatín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bacak varisleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Варикозне розширення вен нижніх кінцівок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"下肢静脉曲张","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Varicose Veins","text":"Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin. They usually occur in the legs, but also can form in other parts of the body. Hemorrhoids are a type of varicose vein.\nYour veins have one-way valves that help keep blood flowing toward your heart. If the valves are weak or damaged, blood can back up and pool in your veins. This causes the veins to swell, which can lead to varicose veins.\nVaricose veins are very common. You are more at risk if you are older, are female, have obesity, don't exercise, or have a family history of varicose veins. They can also be more common in pregnancy.\nDoctors often diagnose varicose veins from a physical exam. Sometimes you may need additional tests.\nExercising, losing weight, elevating your legs when resting, and not crossing them when sitting can help keep varicose veins from getting worse. Wearing loose clothing and avoiding long periods of standing can also help. If varicose veins are painful or you don't like the way they look, your doctor may recommend procedures to remove them.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Várices","text":"Las venas varicosas son venas hinchadas y retorcidas que pueden verse justo debajo de la piel. Por lo general ocurren en las piernas, pero también se pueden formar en otras partes del cuerpo. Las hemorroides son un tipo de vena varicosa.\nSus venas tienen válvulas que ayudan a mantener la sangre fluyendo en una sola dirección hacia su corazón. Si las válvulas están débiles o dañadas, la sangre puede detenerse y acumularse en las venas. Esto hace que las venas se hinchen, lo que puede conducir a venas varicosas.\nLas várices son muy comunes. Usted está en mayor riesgo si es mayor, mujer, tiene obesidad, no hace ejercicio o tiene antecedentes familiares de venas varicosas. También pueden ser más comunes durante el embarazo.\nLos médicos a menudo diagnostican las várices con un examen físico. A veces es posible que necesite pruebas adicionales.\nHacer ejercicio, perder peso, elevar las piernas al descansar y no cruzarlas al sentarse puede ayudar a evitar que las várices empeoren. El uso de ropa suelta y evitar largos períodos de pie también puede ayudar. Si las várices son dolorosas o no le gusta su apariencia, su médico puede recomendar procedimientos para extirparlas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0269","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"venous-varicosities-of-unspecified-site","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/venous-varicosities-of-unspecified-site","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I86","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BD75.Z","display":"Venous varicosities of unspecified site","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1078773185/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1078773185/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Varice în alte localizări","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دوالي في مواضع أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Varixy jiných lokalizací","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krampfadern an anderen Stellen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κιρσοί σε άλλες θέσεις","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Varices de otras localizaciones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Varices d'autres localisations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य स्थानों की वैरिकोज़ नसें","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb helyek visszértágulata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vene varicose in altre sedi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の部位の静脈瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 부위의 정맥류","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Żylaki o innym umiejscowieniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Varizes de outras localizações","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Варикозное расширение вен других локализаций","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Varixy iných lokalizácií","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer bölgelerin varisleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Варикозне розширення вен інших локалізацій","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他部位静脉曲张","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Varicose veins of other sites","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Varicose Veins","text":"Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin. They usually occur in the legs, but also can form in other parts of the body. Hemorrhoids are a type of varicose vein.\nYour veins have one-way valves that help keep blood flowing toward your heart. If the valves are weak or damaged, blood can back up and pool in your veins. This causes the veins to swell, which can lead to varicose veins.\nVaricose veins are very common. You are more at risk if you are older, are female, have obesity, don't exercise, or have a family history of varicose veins. They can also be more common in pregnancy.\nDoctors often diagnose varicose veins from a physical exam. Sometimes you may need additional tests.\nExercising, losing weight, elevating your legs when resting, and not crossing them when sitting can help keep varicose veins from getting worse. Wearing loose clothing and avoiding long periods of standing can also help. If varicose veins are painful or you don't like the way they look, your doctor may recommend procedures to remove them.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Várices","text":"Las venas varicosas son venas hinchadas y retorcidas que pueden verse justo debajo de la piel. Por lo general ocurren en las piernas, pero también se pueden formar en otras partes del cuerpo. Las hemorroides son un tipo de vena varicosa.\nSus venas tienen válvulas que ayudan a mantener la sangre fluyendo en una sola dirección hacia su corazón. Si las válvulas están débiles o dañadas, la sangre puede detenerse y acumularse en las venas. Esto hace que las venas se hinchen, lo que puede conducir a venas varicosas.\nLas várices son muy comunes. Usted está en mayor riesgo si es mayor, mujer, tiene obesidad, no hace ejercicio o tiene antecedentes familiares de venas varicosas. También pueden ser más comunes durante el embarazo.\nLos médicos a menudo diagnostican las várices con un examen físico. A veces es posible que necesite pruebas adicionales.\nHacer ejercicio, perder peso, elevar las piernas al descansar y no cruzarlas al sentarse puede ayudar a evitar que las várices empeoren. El uso de ropa suelta y evitar largos períodos de pie también puede ayudar. Si las várices son dolorosas o no le gusta su apariencia, su médico puede recomendar procedimientos para extirparlas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0270","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"non-specific-swollen-lymph-nodes-lymphadenitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/non-specific-swollen-lymph-nodes-lymphadenitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I88","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BD90.Z","display":"Lymphadenitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1483611415/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1483611415/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Non-specific swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Limfadenită nespecifică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب العقد اللمفاوية غير النوعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nespecifická lymfadenitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Unspezifische Lymphknotenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μη ειδική λεμφαδενίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linfadenitis inespecífica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lymphadénite non spécifique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गैर-विशिष्ट लसीका ग्रंथि सूजन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nem specifikus nyirokcsomó-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linfoadenite aspecifica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"非特異性リンパ節炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비특이성 림프절염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieswoiste zapalenie węzłów chłonnych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linfadenite inespecífica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неспецифический лимфаденит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nešpecifická lymfadenitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Özgül olmayan lenfadenit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Неспецифічний лімфаденіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"非特异性淋巴结炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lymphatic Diseases","text":"The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs. It is made up of:\n• Lymph - a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs\n• Lymph vessels - vessels that carry lymph throughout your body. They are different from blood vessels.\n• Lymph nodes - glands found throughout the lymph vessels. Along with your spleen, these nodes are where white blood cells fight infection.\nYour bone marrow and thymus produce the cells in lymph. They are part of the system, too.\nThe lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. If it's not working properly, fluid builds in your tissues and causes swelling, called lymphedema. Other lymphatic system problems can include infections, blockage, and cancer.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del sistema linfático","text":"El sistema linfático es una red de tejidos y órganos. Está formado principalmente por:\n• Linfa: Un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos que defienden al cuerpo de los gérmenes\n• Vasos linfáticos: Son los vasos que transportan la linfa por todo el cuerpo, y son distintos a los vasos sanguíneos\n• Ganglios linfáticos: Son glándulas que se encuentran por todos los vasos linfáticos\nJunto al bazo, estos ganglios son donde los glóbulos blancos luchan contra las infecciones.\nLa médula ósea y el timo producen las células que se encuentran en la linfa. Ambos también son parte de este sistema.\nEl sistema linfático elimina la infección y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Si no funciona en forma adecuada, el líquido se acumula en los tejidos y causa una hinchazón llamada linfedema. Otros problemas del sistema linfático pueden incluir infecciones, bloqueos y cáncer.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0271","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lymphoedema-and-other-lymphatic-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lymphoedema-and-other-lymphatic-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I89","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BD9Z","display":"Disorders of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1025888387/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1025888387/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lymphoedema and other lymphatic disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Limfedem și alte afecțiuni limfatice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الوذمة اللمفية واضطرابات لمفية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lymfedém a jiné poruchy mízního systému","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lymphödem und andere Erkrankungen der Lymphgefäße","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεμφοίδημα και άλλες λεμφικές διαταραχές","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linfedema y otros trastornos linfáticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lymphœdème et autres affections lymphatiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लिम्फेडेमा और अन्य लसीका विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nyiroködéma és egyéb nyirokrendszeri betegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linfedema e altri disturbi linfatici","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リンパ浮腫その他のリンパ系の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"림프부종 및 기타 림프계 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Obrzęk limfatyczny i inne choroby układu chłonnego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linfedema e outros distúrbios linfáticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лимфедема и другие болезни лимфатической системы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lymfedém a iné poruchy lymfatického systému","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenfödem ve diğer lenfatik bozukluklar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лімфедема та інші хвороби лімфатичної системи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"淋巴水肿和其他淋巴系统疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lymphatic Diseases","text":"The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs. It is made up of:\n• Lymph - a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs\n• Lymph vessels - vessels that carry lymph throughout your body. They are different from blood vessels.\n• Lymph nodes - glands found throughout the lymph vessels. Along with your spleen, these nodes are where white blood cells fight infection.\nYour bone marrow and thymus produce the cells in lymph. They are part of the system, too.\nThe lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. If it's not working properly, fluid builds in your tissues and causes swelling, called lymphedema. Other lymphatic system problems can include infections, blockage, and cancer.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del sistema linfático","text":"El sistema linfático es una red de tejidos y órganos. Está formado principalmente por:\n• Linfa: Un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos que defienden al cuerpo de los gérmenes\n• Vasos linfáticos: Son los vasos que transportan la linfa por todo el cuerpo, y son distintos a los vasos sanguíneos\n• Ganglios linfáticos: Son glándulas que se encuentran por todos los vasos linfáticos\nJunto al bazo, estos ganglios son donde los glóbulos blancos luchan contra las infecciones.\nLa médula ósea y el timo producen las células que se encuentran en la linfa. Ambos también son parte de este sistema.\nEl sistema linfático elimina la infección y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Si no funciona en forma adecuada, el líquido se acumula en los tejidos y causa una hinchazón llamada linfedema. Otros problemas del sistema linfático pueden incluir infecciones, bloqueos y cáncer.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0272","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"low-blood-pressure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/low-blood-pressure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"I95","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Low Blood Pressure","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Presión arterial baja","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hipotensiune arterială","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انخفاض ضغط الدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nízký krevní tlak (hypotenze)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Niedriger Blutdruck (Hypotonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπόταση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypotension artérielle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"निम्न रक्तचाप","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alacsony vérnyomás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipotensione arteriosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"低血圧症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"저혈압","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedociśnienie tętnicze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hipotensão arterial","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипотензия (пониженное давление)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nízky krvný tlak (hypotenzia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Düşük tansiyon (hipotansiyon)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпотензія (знижений тиск)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"低血压","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"LBP"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Low Blood Pressure","text":"You've probably heard that high blood pressure is a problem. Sometimes blood pressure that is too low can also cause problems.\nBlood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps out blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is the diastolic pressure. Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually they're written one above or before the other, such as 120/80. If your blood pressure reading is 90/60 or lower, you have low blood pressure.\nSome people have low blood pressure all the time. They have no symptoms and their low readings are normal for them. In other people, blood pressure drops below normal because of a medical condition or certain medicines. Some people may have symptoms of low blood pressure when standing up too quickly. Low blood pressure is a problem only if it causes dizziness, fainting or in extreme cases, shock.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Presión arterial baja","text":"Probablemente ha escuchado que la presión arterial alta es un problema. ¿Pero qué pasa con la presión arterial baja?\nLa presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. Cada vez que el corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial estará al nivel más elevado cuando el corazón late para bombear la sangre. A ésto se le llama presión sistólica. Cuando el corazón está en reposo, entre un latido y otro, la presión sanguínea disminuye. A ésto se le llama presión diastólica. La medición de su presión arterial utiliza estos dos valores. Ambos son importantes. Por lo general, se escriben uno arriba o antes del otro, como 120/80. Si su presión arterial es de 90/60 o menos, usted tiene presión arterial baja o hipotensión arterial.\nAlgunas personas tienen la presión arterial baja en todo momento. No tienen síntomas y sus lecturas de presión bajas son normales para ellas. En otras, la presión cae por debajo de los valores normales por algún evento o cuadro clínico. Algunas personas pueden experimentar síntomas de baja presión cuando se ponen de pie demasiado rápidamente. La presión arterial baja es un problema sólo cuando causa mareos, desmayos o, en casos extremos, shock.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0015","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hypotension — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0085","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hypotension — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0273","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"common-cold","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/common-cold","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J00","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Common cold","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Răceală comună (rinofaringită acută)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الزكام (نزلة البرد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nachlazení (rýma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkältung (Schnupfen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κοινό κρυολόγημα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Resfriado común","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rhume","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सामान्य सर्दी-जुकाम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Megfázás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Raffreddore comune","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"かぜ（急性鼻咽頭炎）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"감기","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przeziębienie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Constipação (resfriado comum)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Простуда (острый назофарингит)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Prechladnutie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Soğuk algınlığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Застуда (гострий назофарингіт)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"普通感冒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Common Cold","text":"What is the common cold?\nThe common cold is a mild infection of your upper respiratory tract (which includes your nose and throat). Colds are probably the most common illness. Adults have an average of 2-3 colds per year, and children have even more. Colds are more common in the winter and spring, but you can get them at any time.\nWhat causes the common cold?\nMore than 200 different viruses can cause a cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common type. The viruses that cause colds are very contagious. They can spread from person to person through the air and close personal contact. You can also get infected when you touch something that has the virus on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose. For example, you could get a cold after you shake hands with someone who has a cold or touch a doorknob that has the germs on it, and then touch your face.\nWhat are the symptoms of the common cold?\nThe symptoms of a common cold usually include:\n• Sneezing\n• Stuffy nose (congestion)\n• Runny nose\n• Sore throat\n• Coughing\n• Headache\nThe symptoms usually start a few days after you become infected with the virus. Some symptoms can last for 10-14 days.\nWhat are the treatments for the common cold?\nThere is no cure for the common cold. But there are treatments that can make you feel better while you wait for the cold to go away on its own:\n• Getting lots of rest.\n• Drinking plenty of fluids.\n• Using a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporizer.\n• Gargling with warm salt water.\n• Using saline nose drops or sprays.\n• Taking over-the-counter pain or cold and cough medicines. But you need to be careful with certain medicines:\n• Children and teens should not take aspirin.\n• Some cold and cough medicines contain ingredients that are not recommended for children. Talk with your child's health care provider before giving your child any cold and cough medicines.\n• Some cold and cough medicines contain pain relievers. If you also take a separate pain reliever with these medicines, you could be getting a dangerous amount of the pain reliever. Read the labels on the medicines and follow the instructions carefully. If you have questions, ask your provider or a pharmacist.\nAntibiotics will not help with a cold. Antibiotics help with bacterial infections, not with viral infections such as colds.\nMost people who have a cold will feel better after a week or two. However, some people who get a cold may develop other illnesses, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. This is more common in people with weakened immune systems, asthma, or other respiratory conditions. Contact your provider if you or your child have symptoms that concern you, such as:\n• Trouble breathing or fast breathing\n• Dehydration\n• Fever that lasts longer than 4 days\n• Symptoms that last more than 10 days without improvement\n• Symptoms, such as fever or cough, that improve but then return or worsen\n• Worsening of chronic medical conditions\nCan the common cold be prevented?\nThere is no vaccine to protect against the common cold. But you may be able to reduce your risk of getting or spreading a cold by:\n• Washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.\n• Avoiding touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.\n• Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others if you are sick or they are sick.\n• Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch.\n• Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue. Then throw away the tissue and wash your hands.\n• Staying home when sick.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Resfrío","text":"¿Qué es el resfrío común?\nEl resfrío común es una infección leve de las vías respiratorias altas (que incluye la nariz y la garganta). Los resfriados son probablemente la enfermedad más común. Los adultos tienen un promedio de 2 a 3 resfríos por año y los niños aún más. Los resfriados son más comunes en invierno y primavera, pero pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento.\n¿Qué causa el resfrío común?\nMás de 200 virus diferentes pueden causar un resfriado, pero los rinovirus son el tipo más común. Los virus que causan los resfríos son muy contagiosos. Se pueden diseminar entre personas a través del aire y el contacto cercano. También puede infectarse cuando toca algo con el virus y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz. Por ejemplo, podría resfriarse después de darle la mano a alguien resfriado o tocar la perilla de una puerta que tiene los gérmenes y luego tocarse la cara.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del resfrío común?\nEn general, los síntomas de un resfrío común incluyen:\n• Estornudos\n• Nariz tapada (congestión)\n• Secreción nasal (mocos)\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Tos\n• Dolor de cabeza\nEn general, los síntomas comienzan unos días después de infectarse con el virus. Algunos síntomas pueden durar de 10 a 14 días.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el resfrío común?\nNo hay cura para el resfrío común. Pero existen tratamientos que pueden hacerle sentir mejor mientras espera a que desaparezca por sí solo:\n• Descansar bastante\n• Beber mucho líquido\n• Usar un humidificador limpio o un vaporizador de vapor frío\n• Hacer gárgaras con agua tibia con sal\n• Usar gotas o aerosoles nasales salinos\n• Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el dolor o la tos y el resfrío. Pero debe tener cuidado con ciertos medicamentos:\n• Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina\n• Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen ingredientes no recomendados para los niños. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo antes de darle cualquier medicamento para el resfrío y la tos\n• Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen analgésicos. Si además toma un analgésico por separado con estos medicamentos, podría estar recibiendo una cantidad peligrosa de analgésicos. Lea las etiquetas de los medicamentos y siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Si tiene preguntas, consulte a su profesional de la salud o a un farmacéutico\nLos antibióticos no ayudan con un resfrío. Estos son útiles con las infecciones bacterianas, no con las infecciones virales como los resfriados.\nLa mayoría de las personas que tienen un resfrío se sienten mejor después de una semana o dos. Sin embargo, algunas personas que se resfrían pueden desarrollar otras enfermedades, como bronquitis o neumonía. Esto es más común en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, asma u otras afecciones respiratorias. Hable con su profesional de la salud si usted o su hijo tienen síntomas que le preocupan, como:\n• Problemas para respirar o respiración rápida\n• Deshidratación\n• Fiebre que dura más de 4 días\n• Síntomas que duran más de 10 días sin mejoría\n• Síntomas, como fiebre o tos, que mejoran pero luego regresan o empeoran\n• Empeoramiento de afecciones médicas crónicas\n¿Se puede prevenir el resfrío común?\nNo existe una vacuna para proteger contra el resfrío común. Pero es posible que pueda reducir el riesgo de contraer o propagar un resfriado al:\n• Lavarse las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón por al menos 20 segundos\n• Evitar tocarse la cara, la nariz o la boca con las manos sin lavar\n• Evitar el contacto cercano, como besar, dar la mano y compartir tazas y utensilios para comer, con otras personas si usted está enfermo o ellos están enfermos\n• Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia\n• Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo desechable. Luego tire el pañuelo y lávese las manos\n• Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0274","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-sinusitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-sinusitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J01","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA01","display":"Acute sinusitis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/509821856","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#509821856"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acute sinusitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sinuzită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجيوب الأنفية الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět vedlejších nosních dutin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Nasennebenhöhlenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία ιγμορίτιδα (παραρρινοκολπίτιδα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sinusitis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sinusite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र साइनसाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut arcüreggyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sinusite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性副鼻腔炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 부비동염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie zatok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sinusite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый синусит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal prinosových dutín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut sinüzit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий синусит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性鼻窦炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sinusitis","text":"Sinusitis means your sinuses are inflamed. The cause can be an infection or another problem. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces within the bones surrounding the nose. They produce mucus, which drains into the nose. If your nose is swollen, this can block the sinuses and cause pain.\nThere are several types of sinusitis, including:\n• Acute, which lasts up to 4 weeks\n• Subacute, which lasts 4 to 12 weeks\n• Chronic, which lasts more than 12 weeks and can continue for months or even years\n• Recurrent, with several attacks within a year\nAcute sinusitis often starts as a cold, which then turns into a bacterial infection. Allergies, nasal problems, and certain diseases can also cause acute and chronic sinusitis.\nSymptoms of sinusitis can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. Your health care professional diagnoses sinusitis based on your symptoms and an examination of your nose and face. You may also need imaging tests. Treatments include antibiotics, decongestants, and pain relievers. Using heat pads on the inflamed area, saline nasal sprays, and vaporizers can also help.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sinusitis","text":"Sinusitis consiste en la inflamación de los senos paranasales. Esto puede ser por una infección u otro problema. Los senos paranasales son espacios huecos donde pasa el aire por el interior de los huesos que rodean la nariz. Producen secreción mucosa que drena hacia la nariz. Si la nariz está inflamada, puede bloquear los senos paranasales y causar dolor.\nHay varios tipos de sinusitis, incluyendo:\n• Aguda, que dura hasta cuatro semanas\n• Subaguda, que dura de cuatro a 12 semanas\n• Crónica, que dura más de 12 semanas y puede continuar durante meses o incluso años\n• Recurrente, con varios ataques dentro de un año\nLa sinusitis aguda suele comenzar como un resfriado, que luego se convierte en una infección bacteriana. Alergias, problemas nasales y ciertas enfermedades también pueden causar sinusitis aguda y crónica.\nLos síntomas de la sinusitis pueden incluir fiebre, debilidad, fatiga, tos y congestión. También puede haber drenaje de mucosidad en la parte posterior de la garganta, llamada goteo retronasal. Los médicos diagnostican sinusitis según sus síntomas y el examen de la nariz y la cara. Usted también puede necesitar pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen antibióticos, descongestionantes y analgésicos. El uso de almohadillas de calor en la zona inflamada, aerosoles nasales salinos y vaporizadores también puede ayudar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0275","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-pharyngitis-sore-throat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-pharyngitis-sore-throat","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J02","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute pharyngitis (sore throat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Faringită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب البلعوم الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět hltanu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Rachenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία φαρυγγίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Faringitis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pharyngite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र ग्रसनीशोथ (गले में खराश)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut garatgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Faringite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性咽頭炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 인두염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie gardła","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Faringite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый фарингит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal hltana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut farenjit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий фарингіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性咽炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sore Throat","text":"Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx (also called the voice box). The technical name for the throat is pharynx.\nYou can have a sore throat for many reasons. Often, colds and flu cause sore throats. Other causes can include:\n• Allergies\n• Mononucleosis\n• Smoking\n• Strep throat\n• Tonsillitis\nTreatment depends on the cause. Sucking on lozenges, drinking lots of liquids, and gargling may ease the pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help, but children should not take aspirin.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor de garganta","text":"Su garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida al esófago y el aire a su laringe, donde se encuentran las cuerdas vocales. Técnicamente, a la garganta se le llama faringe.\nSe puede tener dolor de garganta por varias razones. A menudo, la causa es un resfrío y una gripe. Otras causas incluyen:\n• Alergias\n• Mononucleosis\n• Fumar\n• Inflamación estreptocócica\n• Amigdalitis\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa. Chupar caramelos, tomar mucho líquido y hacer gárgaras puede aliviar el dolor. Analgésicos de venta libre pueden también ayudar, pero los niños no deben tomar aspirina.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0276","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-tonsillitis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-tonsillitis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J03","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA03.Z","display":"Acute tonsillitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/260431605/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#260431605/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amigdalită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب اللوزتين الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět mandlí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Mandelentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία αμυγδαλίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amigdalitis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amygdalite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र टॉन्सिलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut mandulagyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tonsillite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性扁桃炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 편도염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie migdałków","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amigdalite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый тонзиллит (ангина)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal mandlí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut bademcik iltihabı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий тонзиліт (ангіна)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性扁桃体炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute tonsillitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tonsillitis","text":"What are tonsils?\nTonsils are lumps of tissue at the back of the throat. There are two of them, one on each side. Along with the adenoids, tonsils are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance. Tonsils and adenoids work by trapping the germs coming in through the mouth and nose.\nWhat is tonsillitis?\nTonsillitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils. Sometimes along with tonsillitis, the adenoids are also swollen.\nWhat causes tonsillitis?\nThe cause of tonsillitis is usually a viral infection. Bacterial infections such as strep throat can also cause tonsillitis.\nWho is at risk for tonsillitis?\nTonsillitis is most common in children over age two. Almost every child in the United States gets it at least once. Tonsillitis caused by bacteria is more common in kids ages 5-15. Tonsillitis caused by a virus is more common in younger children.\nAdults can get tonsillitis, but it is not very common.\nIs tonsillitis contagious?\nAlthough tonsillitis is not contagious, the viruses and bacteria that cause it are contagious. Frequent handwashing can help prevent spreading or catching the infections.\nWhat are the symptoms of tonsillitis?\nThe symptoms of tonsillitis include:\n• A sore throat, which may be severe\n• Red, swollen tonsils\n• Trouble swallowing\n• A white or yellow coating on the tonsils\n• Swollen glands in the neck\n• Fever\n• Bad breath\nWhen does my child need to see a health care provider for tonsillitis?\nYou should call your health care provider if your child:\n• Has a sore throat for more than two days\n• Has trouble or pain when swallowing\n• Feels very sick or very weak\nYou should get emergency care right away if your child:\n• Has trouble breathing\n• Starts drooling\n• Has a lot of trouble swallowing\nHow is tonsillitis diagnosed?\nTo diagnose tonsillitis, your child's health care provider will first ask you about your child's symptoms and medical history. The provider will look at your child's throat and neck, checking for things such as redness or white spots on the tonsils and swollen lymph nodes.\nYour child will probably also have one or more tests to check for strep throat, since it can cause tonsillitis and it requires treatment. It could be a rapid strep test, a throat culture, or both. For both tests, the provider uses a cotton swab to collect a sample of fluids from your child's tonsils and the back of the throat. With the rapid strep test, testing is done in the office, and you get the results within minutes. The throat culture is done in a lab, and it usually takes a few days to get the results. The throat culture is a more reliable test. So sometimes if the rapid strep test is negative (meaning that it does not show any strep bacteria), the provider will also do a throat culture just to make sure that your child does not have strep.\nWhat are the treatments for tonsillitis?\nTreatment for tonsillitis depends on the cause. If the cause is a virus, there is no medicine to treat it. If the cause is a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, your child will need to take antibiotics. It is important for your child to finish the antibiotics even if he or she feels better. If treatment stops too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect your child.\nNo matter what is causing the tonsillitis, there are some things you can do to help your child feel better. Make sure that your child:\n• Gets a lot of rest\n• Drinks plenty of fluids\n• Tries eating soft foods if it hurts to swallow\n• Tries eating warm liquids or cold foods like popsicles to soothe the throat\n• Isn't around cigarette smoke or anything else that could irritate the throat\n• Sleeps in a room with a humidifier\n• Gargles with saltwater\n• Sucks on a lozenge (but do not give them to children under four; they can choke on them)\n• Takes an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen. Children and teenagers should not take aspirin.\nIn some cases, your child may need a tonsillectomy.\nWhat is a tonsillectomy and why might my child need one?\nA tonsillectomy is surgery to remove the tonsils. Your child might need it if he or she:\n• Keeps getting tonsillitis\n• Has bacterial tonsillitis that does not get better with antibiotics\n• Has tonsils that are too big and are causing trouble breathing or swallowing\nYour child usually gets the surgery and goes home later that day. Very young children and people who have complications may need to stay in the hospital overnight. It can take a week or two before your child completely recovers from the surgery.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Amigdalitis","text":"¿Qué son las amígdalas?\nLas amígdalas son masas de tejido en la parte posterior de la garganta. Hay dos de ellas, una a cada lado. Junto con las adenoides, las amígdalas son parte del sistema linfático. El sistema linfático elimina las infecciones y mantiene equilibrados los fluidos corporales. Las adenoides y las amígdalas atrapan gérmenes que entran por la boca y la nariz.\n¿Qué es la amigdalitis?\nLa amigdalitis es una inflamación de las amígdalas. A veces, junto con la amigdalitis, las adenoides también se hinchan.\n¿Qué causa la amigdalitis?\nLa causa de la amigdalitis suele ser una infección viral. Las infecciones bacterianas como la faringitis estreptocócica también pueden causar amigdalitis.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener amigdalitis?\nLa amigdalitis es más común en niños mayores de dos años. Casi todos los niños de los Estados Unidos la padecen al menos una vez. La amigdalitis causada por bacterias es más común en niños de cinco a 15 años. La amigdalitis causada por un virus es más común en los niños más pequeños. Los adultos pueden contraer amigdalitis, pero no es muy común.\n¿Es contagiosa la amigdalitis?\nAunque la amigdalitis no es contagiosa, los virus y las bacterias que la causan sí lo son. El lavado de manos frecuente puede ayudar a prevenir el propagar o contraer estas infecciones.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la amigdalitis?\nLos síntomas de amigdalitis incluyen:\n• Dolor de garganta, que puede ser grave\n• Amígdalas rojas e hinchadas\n• Dificultad para tragar\n• Una capa blanca o amarilla sobre las amígdalas\n• Glándulas inflamadas en el cuello\n• Fiebre\n• Mal aliento\n¿Cuándo es necesario que mi hijo vea a un profesional de la salud por amigdalitis?\nDebe llamar a su proveedor de atención médica si su hijo:\n• Tiene dolor de garganta por más de dos días\n• Tiene dificultad o dolor para tragar\n• Se siente muy enfermo o muy débil\nDebe buscar atención de emergencia si su hijo:\n• Tiene dificultad para respirar\n• Comienza a babear\n• Tiene muchos problemas para tragar\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la amigdalitis?\nPara diagnosticar la amigdalitis, el proveedor de atención médica de su hijo le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica. El proveedor examinará la garganta y el cuello de su hijo, buscando síntomas como enrojecimiento o manchas blancas en las amígdalas e hinchazón de los ganglios linfáticos.\nEs probable que su hijo también tenga una o más pruebas para detectar amigdalitis estreptocócica, ya que puede requerir tratamiento. Puede ser una prueba rápida de estreptococo, un cultivo de garganta, o ambos. Para estas pruebas el proveedor utiliza un hisopo de algodón para recoger una muestra de fluido de las amígdalas y la parte posterior de la garganta de su hijo. La prueba rápida de estreptococo se hace en la consulta y obtendrá los resultados en pocos minutos. El cultivo de garganta se hace en un laboratorio y normalmente toma unos días obtener los resultados. El cultivo de garganta es una prueba más confiable. A veces, si la prueba rápida de estreptococo es negativa (lo que significa que no muestra ninguna bacteria estreptocócica), el proveedor también hará un cultivo de garganta sólo para asegurarse de que su hijo no tiene estreptococo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la amigdalitis?\nEl tratamiento de la amigdalitis depende de la causa. Si la causa es un virus, no hay medicina para tratarlo. Si la causa es una infección bacteriana, como la faringitis estreptocócica, su hijo necesitará tomar antibióticos. Es importante que su hijo termine el tratamiento con antibióticos incluso si se siente mejor. Si el tratamiento se detiene demasiado pronto, algunas bacterias pueden sobrevivir y volver a infectar a su hijo.\nIndependientemente de lo que esté causando la amigdalitis, hay algunas cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a su hijo a sentirse mejor. Asegúrese de que su hijo:\n• Obtiene mucho descanso\n• Bebe mucho líquido\n• Prueba alimentos blandos si le duele tragar\n• Trata de consumir líquidos calientes o alimentos fríos como paletas de helado para calmar la garganta\n• Está libre del humo del cigarrillo o cualquier otra cosa que pueda irritar la garganta\n• Duerme en una habitación con un humidificador\n• Hace gárgaras con agua salada\n• Chupa una pastilla para la garganta (excepto a niños menores de cuatro años, ya que pueden ahogarse con ellas)\n• Toma un analgésico sin receta como acetaminofén. Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina\nEn algunos casos, su hijo puede necesitar una amigdalectomía.\n¿Qué es una amigdalectomía y por qué mi hijo necesita una?\nUna amigdalectomía es la cirugía para extirpar las amígdalas. Es posible que su hijo la necesite si:\n• Tiene amigdalitis a menudo\n• Tiene amigdalitis bacteriana que no mejora con los antibióticos\n• Sus amígdalas son demasiado grandes y causan dificultad para respirar o tragar\nDespués de la cirugía, su hijo generalmente puede volver a la casa. Los niños muy pequeños y las personas que tienen complicaciones pueden necesitar permanecer en el hospital durante la noche. Puede tardar una semana o dos antes de que su hijo se recupere completamente de la cirugía.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0277","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-laryngitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-laryngitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J04","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Laringită și traheită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الحنجرة والرغامى الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět hrtanu a průdušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Kehlkopf- und Luftröhrenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία λαρυγγίτιδα και τραχειίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Laringitis y traqueítis agudas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Laryngite et trachéite aiguës","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र स्वरयंत्रशोथ और श्वासनलीशोथ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut gége- és légcsőgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Laringite e tracheite acute","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性喉頭炎・気管炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 후두염 및 기관염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie krtani i tchawicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Laringite e traqueíte agudas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый ларингит и трахеит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal hrtana a priedušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut larenjit ve trakeit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий ларингіт і трахеїт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性喉炎和气管炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute laryngitis and tracheitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Throat Disorders","text":"Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx. The technical name for your throat is the pharynx.\nThroat problems are common. You've probably had a sore throat. The cause is usually a viral infection, but other causes include allergies, infection with strep bacteria or the leaking of stomach acids back up into the esophagus, called GERD.\nOther problems that affect the throat include:\n• Tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils\n• Cancer\n• Croup - inflammation, usually in small children, which causes a barking cough\n• Laryngitis - swelling of the voice box, which can cause a hoarse voice or loss of voice\nMost throat problems are minor and go away on their own. Treatments, when needed, depend on the problem.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la garganta","text":"La garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida hacia el esófago y el aire a la tráquea y la laringe. El nombre técnico de su garganta es faringe.\nLos problemas en la garganta son comunes. Probablemente, alguna vez tuvo un dolor de garganta. La causa suele ser una infección viral, pero otras causas incluyen alergias, infecciones por la bacteria estreptococo o ácidos del estómago que regresan al esófago, llamado reflujo gástroesofágico, o ERGE.\nOtros problemas que afectan la garganta incluyen:\n• Amigdalitis\n• Cáncer\n• Crup: Inflamación, usualmente en niños pequeños, que causa una tos seca\n• Faringitis: Inflamación de la faringe, lo que puede causar ronquera o pérdida de la voz\nLa mayoría de los problemas de la garganta son menores y desaparecen por si solos. Cuando es necesario un tratamiento, depende del problema.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0278","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"croup","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/croup","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J05","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA06.Z","display":"Acute obstructive laryngitis or epiglottitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/421560565/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#421560565/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Croup","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Crup","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Crup (laringită obstructivă) și epiglotită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الخانوق والتهاب لسان المزمار","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Laryngitida (krup) a epiglotitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pseudokrupp und Epiglottitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λαρυγγίτιδα (κρούπ) και επιγλωττίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Laryngite striduleuse (croup) et épiglottite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"क्रुप और एपिग्लोटाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krupp (álkrupp) és gégefedő-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Croup (laringite ostruttiva) ed epiglottite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"クループと喉頭蓋炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"크루프 및 후두개염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krup (ostre zapalenie krtani) i zapalenie nagłośni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Crupe e epiglotite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Круп и эпиглоттит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Krup (laryngitída) a epiglotitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Krup ve epiglotit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Круп і епіглотит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"哮吼和会厌炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Spasmodic croup"},{"lang":"en","text":"Viral croup"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Croup","text":"Croup is an inflammation of the vocal cords (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). It causes difficulty breathing, a barking cough, and a hoarse voice. The cause is usually a virus, often parainfluenza virus. Other causes include allergies and reflux.\nCroup often starts out like a cold. But then the vocal cords and windpipe become swollen, causing the hoarseness and the cough. There may also be a fever and high-pitched noisy sounds when breathing. The symptoms are usually worse at night, and last for about three to five days.\nChildren between the ages of 6 months and 3 years have the highest risk of getting croup. They may also have more severe symptoms. Croup is more common in the fall and winter.\nMost cases of viral croup are mild and can be treated at home. Rarely, croup can become serious and interfere with your child's breathing. If you are worried about your child's breathing, call your health care provider right away.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Crup","text":"El crup es una inflamación de las cuerdas vocales (laringe) y la tráquea. Causa dificultad para respirar, tos seca similar a la de los perros y voz ronca. La causa suele ser un virus, a menudo parainfluenza. Otras causas incluyen alergias y reflujo.\nEl crup a menudo comienza como un resfriado. Pero luego las cuerdas vocales y la tráquea se inflaman, causando ronquera y tos. También puede haber fiebre y sonidos agudos al respirar. Los síntomas en general empeoran en la noche y duran entre tres y cinco días.\nLos niños entre los seis meses y tres años están en mayor riesgo. El crup es más frecuente durante el otoño y el invierno.\nLa mayoría de los casos de crup viral son leves y pueden tratarse en casa. En raras ocasiones, el crup puede llegar a ser grave e interferir con la respiración de su hijo. Si usted está preocupado acerca de la respiración de su hijo, llame a su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0006","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Croup\" as a related topic of \"Cough\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0279","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"upper-respiratory-tract-infection","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/upper-respiratory-tract-infection","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J06","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Upper respiratory tract infection","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infecție acută a căilor respiratorii superioare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدوى الجهاز التنفسي العلوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Infekce horních cest dýchacích","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Infektion der oberen Atemwege","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοίμωξη του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infección de las vías respiratorias altas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection des voies respiratoires supérieures","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऊपरी श्वसन तंत्र का संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Felső légúti fertőzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infezione delle vie respiratorie superiori","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"上気道感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"상기도 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Infekcja górnych dróg oddechowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infeção das vias respiratórias superiores","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острая инфекция верхних дыхательных путей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Infekcia horných dýchacích ciest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гостра інфекція верхніх дихальних шляхів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"上呼吸道感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Common Cold","text":"What is the common cold?\nThe common cold is a mild infection of your upper respiratory tract (which includes your nose and throat). Colds are probably the most common illness. Adults have an average of 2-3 colds per year, and children have even more. Colds are more common in the winter and spring, but you can get them at any time.\nWhat causes the common cold?\nMore than 200 different viruses can cause a cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common type. The viruses that cause colds are very contagious. They can spread from person to person through the air and close personal contact. You can also get infected when you touch something that has the virus on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose. For example, you could get a cold after you shake hands with someone who has a cold or touch a doorknob that has the germs on it, and then touch your face.\nWhat are the symptoms of the common cold?\nThe symptoms of a common cold usually include:\n• Sneezing\n• Stuffy nose (congestion)\n• Runny nose\n• Sore throat\n• Coughing\n• Headache\nThe symptoms usually start a few days after you become infected with the virus. Some symptoms can last for 10-14 days.\nWhat are the treatments for the common cold?\nThere is no cure for the common cold. But there are treatments that can make you feel better while you wait for the cold to go away on its own:\n• Getting lots of rest.\n• Drinking plenty of fluids.\n• Using a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporizer.\n• Gargling with warm salt water.\n• Using saline nose drops or sprays.\n• Taking over-the-counter pain or cold and cough medicines. But you need to be careful with certain medicines:\n• Children and teens should not take aspirin.\n• Some cold and cough medicines contain ingredients that are not recommended for children. Talk with your child's health care provider before giving your child any cold and cough medicines.\n• Some cold and cough medicines contain pain relievers. If you also take a separate pain reliever with these medicines, you could be getting a dangerous amount of the pain reliever. Read the labels on the medicines and follow the instructions carefully. If you have questions, ask your provider or a pharmacist.\nAntibiotics will not help with a cold. Antibiotics help with bacterial infections, not with viral infections such as colds.\nMost people who have a cold will feel better after a week or two. However, some people who get a cold may develop other illnesses, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. This is more common in people with weakened immune systems, asthma, or other respiratory conditions. Contact your provider if you or your child have symptoms that concern you, such as:\n• Trouble breathing or fast breathing\n• Dehydration\n• Fever that lasts longer than 4 days\n• Symptoms that last more than 10 days without improvement\n• Symptoms, such as fever or cough, that improve but then return or worsen\n• Worsening of chronic medical conditions\nCan the common cold be prevented?\nThere is no vaccine to protect against the common cold. But you may be able to reduce your risk of getting or spreading a cold by:\n• Washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.\n• Avoiding touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.\n• Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others if you are sick or they are sick.\n• Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch.\n• Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue. Then throw away the tissue and wash your hands.\n• Staying home when sick.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Resfrío","text":"¿Qué es el resfrío común?\nEl resfrío común es una infección leve de las vías respiratorias altas (que incluye la nariz y la garganta). Los resfriados son probablemente la enfermedad más común. Los adultos tienen un promedio de 2 a 3 resfríos por año y los niños aún más. Los resfriados son más comunes en invierno y primavera, pero pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento.\n¿Qué causa el resfrío común?\nMás de 200 virus diferentes pueden causar un resfriado, pero los rinovirus son el tipo más común. Los virus que causan los resfríos son muy contagiosos. Se pueden diseminar entre personas a través del aire y el contacto cercano. También puede infectarse cuando toca algo con el virus y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz. Por ejemplo, podría resfriarse después de darle la mano a alguien resfriado o tocar la perilla de una puerta que tiene los gérmenes y luego tocarse la cara.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del resfrío común?\nEn general, los síntomas de un resfrío común incluyen:\n• Estornudos\n• Nariz tapada (congestión)\n• Secreción nasal (mocos)\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Tos\n• Dolor de cabeza\nEn general, los síntomas comienzan unos días después de infectarse con el virus. Algunos síntomas pueden durar de 10 a 14 días.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el resfrío común?\nNo hay cura para el resfrío común. Pero existen tratamientos que pueden hacerle sentir mejor mientras espera a que desaparezca por sí solo:\n• Descansar bastante\n• Beber mucho líquido\n• Usar un humidificador limpio o un vaporizador de vapor frío\n• Hacer gárgaras con agua tibia con sal\n• Usar gotas o aerosoles nasales salinos\n• Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el dolor o la tos y el resfrío. Pero debe tener cuidado con ciertos medicamentos:\n• Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina\n• Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen ingredientes no recomendados para los niños. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo antes de darle cualquier medicamento para el resfrío y la tos\n• Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen analgésicos. Si además toma un analgésico por separado con estos medicamentos, podría estar recibiendo una cantidad peligrosa de analgésicos. Lea las etiquetas de los medicamentos y siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Si tiene preguntas, consulte a su profesional de la salud o a un farmacéutico\nLos antibióticos no ayudan con un resfrío. Estos son útiles con las infecciones bacterianas, no con las infecciones virales como los resfriados.\nLa mayoría de las personas que tienen un resfrío se sienten mejor después de una semana o dos. Sin embargo, algunas personas que se resfrían pueden desarrollar otras enfermedades, como bronquitis o neumonía. Esto es más común en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, asma u otras afecciones respiratorias. Hable con su profesional de la salud si usted o su hijo tienen síntomas que le preocupan, como:\n• Problemas para respirar o respiración rápida\n• Deshidratación\n• Fiebre que dura más de 4 días\n• Síntomas que duran más de 10 días sin mejoría\n• Síntomas, como fiebre o tos, que mejoran pero luego regresan o empeoran\n• Empeoramiento de afecciones médicas crónicas\n¿Se puede prevenir el resfrío común?\nNo existe una vacuna para proteger contra el resfrío común. Pero es posible que pueda reducir el riesgo de contraer o propagar un resfriado al:\n• Lavarse las manos con frecuencia con agua y jabón por al menos 20 segundos\n• Evitar tocarse la cara, la nariz o la boca con las manos sin lavar\n• Evitar el contacto cercano, como besar, dar la mano y compartir tazas y utensilios para comer, con otras personas si usted está enfermo o ellos están enfermos\n• Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia\n• Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo desechable. Luego tire el pañuelo y lávese las manos\n• Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0280","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bird-flu-or-pandemic-influenza","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bird-flu-or-pandemic-influenza","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J09","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E31","display":"Influenza due to identified zoonotic or pandemic influenza virus","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/283428170","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#283428170"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Influenza due to identified zoonotic or pandemic influenza virus","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bird flu or pandemic influenza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gripă aviară sau pandemică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنفلونزا الطيور أو الإنفلونزا الجائحة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ptačí nebo pandemická chřipka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vogelgrippe oder pandemische Grippe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γρίπη των πτηνών ή πανδημική γρίπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gripe aviar o pandémica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grippe aviaire ou pandémique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बर्ड फ्लू या महामारी इन्फ्लूएंजा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Madárinfluenza vagy pandémiás influenza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Influenza aviaria o pandemica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鳥インフルエンザ・パンデミックインフルエンザ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"조류 독감 또는 대유행 인플루엔자","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Grypa ptasia lub pandemiczna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gripe aviária ou pandémica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Птичий или пандемический грипп","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vtáčia alebo pandemická chrípka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kuş gribi veya pandemik grip","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пташиний або пандемічний грип","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"禽流感或大流行流感","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0281","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"seasonal-flu-virus-identified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/seasonal-flu-virus-identified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E30","display":"Influenza due to identified seasonal influenza virus","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/753780243","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#753780243"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Influenza due to identified seasonal influenza virus","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Seasonal flu (virus identified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gripă sezonieră (virus identificat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإنفلونزا الموسمية (فيروس محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sezónní chřipka (virus prokázán)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Saisonale Grippe (Virus nachgewiesen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εποχική γρίπη (ταυτοποιημένος ιός)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gripe estacional (virus identificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grippe saisonnière (virus identifié)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मौसमी फ्लू (वायरस की पहचान)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szezonális influenza (vírus azonosítva)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Influenza stagionale (virus identificato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"季節性インフルエンザ（ウイルス同定）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"계절 독감(바이러스 확인)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Grypa sezonowa (wirus zidentyfikowany)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gripe sazonal (vírus identificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сезонный грипп (вирус идентифицирован)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sezónna chrípka (vírus preukázaný)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mevsimsel grip (virüs tanımlanmış)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сезонний грип (вірус ідентифіковано)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"季节性流感（已鉴定病毒）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Flu","text":"What is the flu?\nThe flu, also called influenza, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. Each year, millions of Americans get sick with the flu. Sometimes it causes mild illness. But it can also be serious or even deadly, especially for people over 65, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses.\nWhat causes the flu?\nThe flu is caused by flu viruses that spread from person to person. When someone with the flu coughs, sneezes, or talks, they spray tiny droplets. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person may get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.\nWhat are the symptoms of the flu?\nSymptoms of the flu come on suddenly and may include:\n• Fever or feeling feverish/chills\n• Cough\n• Sore throat\n• Runny or stuffy nose\n• Muscle or body aches\n• Headaches\n• Fatigue (tiredness)\nSome people may also have vomiting and diarrhea. This is more common in children.\nSometimes people have trouble figuring out whether they have a cold or the flu. There are differences between them:\nSigns and Symptoms\nCold\nFlu\nStart of symptoms\nSlowly\nSuddenly\nFever\nRarely\nUsually\nAches\nSometimes (slight)\nUsually\nFatigue, weakness\nSometimes\nUsually\nHeadache\nRarely\nCommon\nStuffy nose, sneezing, or sore throat\nCommon\nSometimes\nSometimes people say that they have a \"flu\" when they really have something else. For example, \"stomach flu\" isn't the flu; it's gastroenteritis.\nWhat other problems can the flu cause?\nSome people who get the flu will develop complications. Some of these complications can be serious or even life-threatening. They include:\n• Bronchitis\n• Ear infection\n• Sinus infection\n• Pneumonia\n• Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), brain (encephalitis), or muscle tissues (myositis, rhabdomyolysis)\nThe flu also can make chronic health problems worse. For example, people with asthma may have asthma attacks while they have flu.\nCertain people are more likely to have complications from the flu, including:\n• Adults 65 and older\n• Pregnant women\n• Children younger than 5\n• People with certain chronic health conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease\nHow is the flu diagnosed?\nTo diagnose the flu, health care providers will first do a medical history and ask about your symptoms. There are several tests for the flu. For the tests, your provider will swipe the inside of your nose or the back of your throat with a swab. Then the swab will be tested for the flu virus.\nSome tests are quick and give results in 15-20 minutes. But these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can give you the results in one hour or several hours.\nWhat are the treatments for the flu?\nMost people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care.\nBut if you have symptoms of flu and are in a high risk group or are very sick or worried about your illness, contact your health care provider. You might need antiviral medicines to treat your flu. Antiviral medicines can make the illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They also can prevent serious flu complications. They usually work best when you start taking them within 2 days of getting sick.\nCan the flu be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine every year. But it's also important to have good health habits like covering your cough and washing your hands often. This can help stop the spread of germs and prevent the flu.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gripe","text":"¿Qué es la gripe?\nLa gripe, también llamada influenza, es una infección respiratoria causada por virus. Cada año, millones de personas se enferman de gripe. En ocasiones, causa una enfermedad leve, pero también puede ser grave e incluso mortal, especialmente para personas mayores de 65 años, recién nacidos y personas con ciertas enfermedades crónicas.\n¿Qué causa la gripe?\nLa gripe es causada por el virus de la influenza que se transmite de persona a persona. Cuando alguien con gripe tose, estornuda o habla, expulsa pequeñas gotas. Estas gotitas pueden caer en la boca o en la nariz de las personas que están cerca. Con menos frecuencia, una persona puede contraer la gripe al tocar una superficie u objeto que tiene el virus de la gripe y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o posiblemente los ojos.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gripe?\nLos síntomas de la gripe aparecen de repente y pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre o sensación de fiebre y escalofríos\n• Tos\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Goteo o congestión nasal\n• Dolores musculares o del cuerpo\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Fatiga (cansancio)\nAlgunas personas también pueden tener vómitos y diarrea. Esto es más común en los niños.\nEn ocasiones, las personas tienen problemas para saber si tienen un resfrío o la gripe, pero hay diferencias entre ellos:\nSignos y síntomas\nResfriado\nGripe\nComienzo de síntomas\nGradual\nRepentino\nFiebre\nRara vez\nNormal\nDolores\nA veces (leve)\nNormal\nFatiga, debilidad\nA veces\nNormal\nDolor de cabeza\nRara vez\nComún\nCongestión, estornudos o dolor de garganta\nComún\nA veces\nA veces, las personas dicen que tienen una \"gripe\" cuando realmente tienen otra cosa. Por ejemplo, la \"gripe estomacal\" no es gripe, sino gastroenteritis.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la gripe?\nAlgunas personas que contraen la gripe pueden desarrollar complicaciones. Algunas de ellas pueden ser graves o incluso potencialmente mortales. Estas incluyen:\n• Bronquitis\n• Infección de oído\n• Sinusitis\n• Neumonía\n• Inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), cerebro (encefalitis) o tejidos musculares (miositis, rabdomiolisis)\nLa gripe también puede empeorar problemas de salud crónicos. Por ejemplo, las personas con asma pueden tener ataques de asma mientras tienen gripe.\nAlgunas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener complicaciones de la gripe, incluyendo:\n• Adultos mayores de 65 años\n• Mujeres embarazadas\n• Niños menores de 5 años\n• Personas con ciertas afecciones crónicas de salud, como asma, diabetes y enfermedades del corazón\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la gripe?\nPara diagnosticar la gripe, los profesionales de la salud primero harán un historial médico y preguntarán sobre sus síntomas. Hay varias pruebas para la gripe. Su profesional médico le pasará un hisopo por el interior de la nariz o la parte posterior de la garganta. Luego se examinará el hisopo para detectar el virus de la gripe.\nAlgunas pruebas son rápidas y tienen los resultados entre 15 y 20 minutos. Pero estas no son tan precisas como otras pruebas, las que pueden demorarse una o varias horas en tener los resultados.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gripe?\nLa mayoría de las personas con gripe se recuperan solas sin atención médica. Las personas con casos leves de gripe deben quedarse en casa y evitar el contacto con otras personas, excepto para recibir atención médica.\nPero si tiene síntomas de gripe y está en un grupo de alto riesgo o está muy enfermo o preocupado por su afección, contacte a su profesional de la salud. Es posible que necesite medicamentos antivirales para tratar su gripe. Los antivirales pueden aliviar la enfermedad y acortar el tiempo que esté enfermo. También pueden prevenir las complicaciones graves de la gripe. Por lo general, funcionan mejor cuando comienza a tomarlos dentro de los 2 días de haberse enfermado.\n¿Se puede prevenir la gripe?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir la gripe es vacunarse todos los años. Pero también es importante tener buenos hábitos de salud, como cubrirse la tos con el brazo y lavarse las manos con frecuencia. Esto puede ayudar a detener la propagación de gérmenes y prevenir la gripe.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0282","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"flu-virus-not-identified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/flu-virus-not-identified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J11","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1E32","display":"Influenza, virus not identified","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1235618695","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1235618695"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Influenza, virus not identified","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Flu (virus not identified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gripă (virus neidentificat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإنفلونزا (فيروس غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chřipka (virus neprokázán)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Grippe (Virus nicht nachgewiesen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γρίπη (μη ταυτοποιημένος ιός)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gripe (virus no identificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grippe (virus non identifié)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फ्लू (वायरस की पहचान नहीं)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Influenza (vírus nem azonosított)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Influenza (virus non identificato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"インフルエンザ（ウイルス未同定）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"독감(바이러스 미확인)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Grypa (wirus niezidentyfikowany)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gripe (vírus não identificado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Грипп (вирус не идентифицирован)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chrípka (vírus nepreukázaný)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Grip (virüs tanımlanmamış)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Грип (вірус не ідентифіковано)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"流感（未鉴定病毒）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Flu","text":"What is the flu?\nThe flu, also called influenza, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. Each year, millions of Americans get sick with the flu. Sometimes it causes mild illness. But it can also be serious or even deadly, especially for people over 65, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses.\nWhat causes the flu?\nThe flu is caused by flu viruses that spread from person to person. When someone with the flu coughs, sneezes, or talks, they spray tiny droplets. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person may get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.\nWhat are the symptoms of the flu?\nSymptoms of the flu come on suddenly and may include:\n• Fever or feeling feverish/chills\n• Cough\n• Sore throat\n• Runny or stuffy nose\n• Muscle or body aches\n• Headaches\n• Fatigue (tiredness)\nSome people may also have vomiting and diarrhea. This is more common in children.\nSometimes people have trouble figuring out whether they have a cold or the flu. There are differences between them:\nSigns and Symptoms\nCold\nFlu\nStart of symptoms\nSlowly\nSuddenly\nFever\nRarely\nUsually\nAches\nSometimes (slight)\nUsually\nFatigue, weakness\nSometimes\nUsually\nHeadache\nRarely\nCommon\nStuffy nose, sneezing, or sore throat\nCommon\nSometimes\nSometimes people say that they have a \"flu\" when they really have something else. For example, \"stomach flu\" isn't the flu; it's gastroenteritis.\nWhat other problems can the flu cause?\nSome people who get the flu will develop complications. Some of these complications can be serious or even life-threatening. They include:\n• Bronchitis\n• Ear infection\n• Sinus infection\n• Pneumonia\n• Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), brain (encephalitis), or muscle tissues (myositis, rhabdomyolysis)\nThe flu also can make chronic health problems worse. For example, people with asthma may have asthma attacks while they have flu.\nCertain people are more likely to have complications from the flu, including:\n• Adults 65 and older\n• Pregnant women\n• Children younger than 5\n• People with certain chronic health conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease\nHow is the flu diagnosed?\nTo diagnose the flu, health care providers will first do a medical history and ask about your symptoms. There are several tests for the flu. For the tests, your provider will swipe the inside of your nose or the back of your throat with a swab. Then the swab will be tested for the flu virus.\nSome tests are quick and give results in 15-20 minutes. But these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can give you the results in one hour or several hours.\nWhat are the treatments for the flu?\nMost people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care.\nBut if you have symptoms of flu and are in a high risk group or are very sick or worried about your illness, contact your health care provider. You might need antiviral medicines to treat your flu. Antiviral medicines can make the illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They also can prevent serious flu complications. They usually work best when you start taking them within 2 days of getting sick.\nCan the flu be prevented?\nThe best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine every year. But it's also important to have good health habits like covering your cough and washing your hands often. This can help stop the spread of germs and prevent the flu.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gripe","text":"¿Qué es la gripe?\nLa gripe, también llamada influenza, es una infección respiratoria causada por virus. Cada año, millones de personas se enferman de gripe. En ocasiones, causa una enfermedad leve, pero también puede ser grave e incluso mortal, especialmente para personas mayores de 65 años, recién nacidos y personas con ciertas enfermedades crónicas.\n¿Qué causa la gripe?\nLa gripe es causada por el virus de la influenza que se transmite de persona a persona. Cuando alguien con gripe tose, estornuda o habla, expulsa pequeñas gotas. Estas gotitas pueden caer en la boca o en la nariz de las personas que están cerca. Con menos frecuencia, una persona puede contraer la gripe al tocar una superficie u objeto que tiene el virus de la gripe y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o posiblemente los ojos.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gripe?\nLos síntomas de la gripe aparecen de repente y pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre o sensación de fiebre y escalofríos\n• Tos\n• Dolor de garganta\n• Goteo o congestión nasal\n• Dolores musculares o del cuerpo\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Fatiga (cansancio)\nAlgunas personas también pueden tener vómitos y diarrea. Esto es más común en los niños.\nEn ocasiones, las personas tienen problemas para saber si tienen un resfrío o la gripe, pero hay diferencias entre ellos:\nSignos y síntomas\nResfriado\nGripe\nComienzo de síntomas\nGradual\nRepentino\nFiebre\nRara vez\nNormal\nDolores\nA veces (leve)\nNormal\nFatiga, debilidad\nA veces\nNormal\nDolor de cabeza\nRara vez\nComún\nCongestión, estornudos o dolor de garganta\nComún\nA veces\nA veces, las personas dicen que tienen una \"gripe\" cuando realmente tienen otra cosa. Por ejemplo, la \"gripe estomacal\" no es gripe, sino gastroenteritis.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la gripe?\nAlgunas personas que contraen la gripe pueden desarrollar complicaciones. Algunas de ellas pueden ser graves o incluso potencialmente mortales. Estas incluyen:\n• Bronquitis\n• Infección de oído\n• Sinusitis\n• Neumonía\n• Inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), cerebro (encefalitis) o tejidos musculares (miositis, rabdomiolisis)\nLa gripe también puede empeorar problemas de salud crónicos. Por ejemplo, las personas con asma pueden tener ataques de asma mientras tienen gripe.\nAlgunas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener complicaciones de la gripe, incluyendo:\n• Adultos mayores de 65 años\n• Mujeres embarazadas\n• Niños menores de 5 años\n• Personas con ciertas afecciones crónicas de salud, como asma, diabetes y enfermedades del corazón\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la gripe?\nPara diagnosticar la gripe, los profesionales de la salud primero harán un historial médico y preguntarán sobre sus síntomas. Hay varias pruebas para la gripe. Su profesional médico le pasará un hisopo por el interior de la nariz o la parte posterior de la garganta. Luego se examinará el hisopo para detectar el virus de la gripe.\nAlgunas pruebas son rápidas y tienen los resultados entre 15 y 20 minutos. Pero estas no son tan precisas como otras pruebas, las que pueden demorarse una o varias horas en tener los resultados.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gripe?\nLa mayoría de las personas con gripe se recuperan solas sin atención médica. Las personas con casos leves de gripe deben quedarse en casa y evitar el contacto con otras personas, excepto para recibir atención médica.\nPero si tiene síntomas de gripe y está en un grupo de alto riesgo o está muy enfermo o preocupado por su afección, contacte a su profesional de la salud. Es posible que necesite medicamentos antivirales para tratar su gripe. Los antivirales pueden aliviar la enfermedad y acortar el tiempo que esté enfermo. También pueden prevenir las complicaciones graves de la gripe. Por lo general, funcionan mejor cuando comienza a tomarlos dentro de los 2 días de haberse enfermado.\n¿Se puede prevenir la gripe?\nLa mejor manera de prevenir la gripe es vacunarse todos los años. Pero también es importante tener buenos hábitos de salud, como cubrirse la tos con el brazo y lavarse las manos con frecuencia. Esto puede ayudar a detener la propagación de gérmenes y prevenir la gripe.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0283","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pneumococcal-pneumonia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pneumococcal-pneumonia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J13","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA40.07","display":"Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1480627948","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1480627948"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pneumococcal pneumonia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonie pneumococică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الالتهاب الرئوي بالمكورات الرئوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokoková pneumonie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokokken-Lungenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονιοκοκκική πνευμονία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Neumonía neumocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonie à pneumocoque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"न्यूमोकोकल निमोनिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pneumococcus okozta tüdőgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Polmonite pneumococcica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肺炎球菌性肺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"폐렴구균 폐렴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokokowe zapalenie płuc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonia pneumocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пневмококковая пневмония","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokoková pneumónia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pnömokokal pnömoni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пневмококова пневмонія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肺炎链球菌肺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pneumococcal Infections","text":"Pneumococci are a type of streptococcus bacteria. The bacteria spread through contact with people who are ill or by healthy people who carry the bacteria in the back of their nose. Pneumococcal infections can be mild or severe. The most common types of infections are:\n• Ear infections\n• Sinus infections\n• Pneumonia\n• Sepsis\n• Meningitis\nHow the diagnosis is made depends upon where the infection is. Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history. Possible tests may include blood, imaging, or lab tests. Treatment is with antibiotics. Vaccines can prevent pneumococcal infections. There are two vaccines. One is for infants and young children. The other is for people at high risk, including those who are over 65 years old, have chronic illnesses or weak immune systems, smoke, have asthma, or live in long-term care facilities.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por neumococo","text":"El neumococo es un tipo de bacteria estreptocócica. La bacteria se disemina a través del contacto con personas que están infectadas o con personas que no están enfermas pero que portan la bacteria en la parte posterior de su nariz. Las infecciones neumocócicas pueden ser leves o graves. Las infecciones más comunes son:\n• Infecciones del oído\n• Sinusitis\n• Neumonía\n• Sepsis\n• Meningitis\nCómo se realice el diagnóstico depende de dónde está la infección. Su médico le hará un examen físico y le preguntará acerca de su historia clínica. Las posibles pruebas pueden incluir exámenes de sangre, imágenes o pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento es con antibióticos. Las vacunas previenen las infecciones por neumococo. Existen dos vacunas. Una para recién nacidos y niños pequeños. La otra es para personas en riesgo, incluyendo aquellas personas mayores de 65 años o que padecen de una enfermedad crónica o que tienen un sistema inmune debilitado o que fuman o tienen asma o viven en residencias de cuidado.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0284","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pneumonia-due-to-haemophilus-influenzae","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pneumonia-due-to-haemophilus-influenzae","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J14","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA40.02","display":"Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/732824952","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#732824952"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonie cu Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الالتهاب الرئوي بالمستدمية النزلية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonie způsobená Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lungenentzündung durch Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονία από Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Neumonía por Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonie à Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हीमोफिलस इन्फ्लूएंजा से निमोनिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Haemophilus influenzae okozta tüdőgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Polmonite da Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"インフルエンザ菌による肺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"헤모필루스 인플루엔자균 폐렴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie płuc wywołane przez Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pneumonia por Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пневмония, вызванная Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pneumónia spôsobená Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Haemophilus influenzae pnömonisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пневмонія, спричинена Haemophilus influenzae","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"流感嗜血杆菌肺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Haemophilus Infections","text":"Haemophilus is the name of a group of bacteria. There are several types of Haemophilus. They can cause different types of illnesses involving breathing, bones and joints, and the nervous system.\nOne common type, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), causes serious disease. It usually strikes children under 5 years old. Your child can get Hib disease by being around other children or adults who may have the bacteria and not know it. The germs spread from person to person. If the germs stay in the child's nose and throat, the child probably will not get sick. But sometimes the germs spread into the lungs or the bloodstream, and then Hib can cause serious problems such as meningitis and pneumonia.\nTreatment is with antibiotics. There is a vaccine to prevent Hib disease. All children younger than 5 years of age should be vaccinated with the Hib vaccine.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones por Haemophilus","text":"Haemophilus es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias que pueden causar diferentes tipos de enfermedades que involucran la respiración, los huesos, las articulaciones y el sistema nervioso.\nHay varios tipos de Haemophilus. Uno común es Hib (Haemophilus influenzae tipo b), que provoca una enfermedad grave. Por lo general afecta a niños menores de cinco años. Su niño puede contraer la enfermedad por Hib al estar cerca de otros niños o adultos que tengan la bacteria sin saberlo. Los gérmenes se propagan de persona a persona. Si los gérmenes permanecen en la nariz y en la garganta del niño, probablemente no se enferme. Pero a veces los gérmenes pasan a los pulmones o al torrente sanguíneo y entonces el Hib puede causar problemas graves como la meningitis y la neumonía.\nExiste una vacuna para prevenir la enfermedad Hib. Todos los niños menores de cinco años de edad deben ser vacunados con la vacuna Hib.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/haemophilusinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0285","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-bronchitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-bronchitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J20","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA42.Z","display":"Acute bronchitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/727572936/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#727572936/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute Bronchitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bronquitis aguda","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bronșită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب القصبات الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět průdušek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Bronchitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία βρογχίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bronchite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र ब्रोंकाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut hörghurut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bronchite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性気管支炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 기관지염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie oskrzeli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bronquite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый бронхит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal priedušiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut bronşit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий бронхіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性支气管炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Chest cold"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bronchitis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Acute Bronchitis","text":"Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.\nMost cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days. But your cough can last for several weeks after the infection is gone.\nThe same viruses that cause colds and the flu often cause acute bronchitis. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or through physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Being exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dust, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Less often, bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis.\nTo diagnose acute bronchitis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and listen to your breathing. You may also have other tests.\nTreatments include rest, fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever. A humidifier or steam can also help. You may need inhaled medicine to open your airways if you are wheezing. Antibiotics won't help if the cause is viral. You may get antibiotics if the cause is bacterial.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Bronquitis aguda","text":"La bronquitis es la inflamación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a sus pulmones. Esta causa una tos que en forma frecuente presenta mucosidad. También causa dificultad para respirar, jadeo y presión en el pecho. Existen dos tipos de bronquitis: aguda y crónica.\nLa mayoría de los casos de bronquitis aguda mejora en unos días, pero la tos puede durar varias semanas después de haberse curado la infección.\nA menudo, los mismos virus que causan el resfrío y la gripe pueden causar bronquitis aguda. Estos virus se propagan por el aire cuando alguien tose o a través del contacto físico (por ejemplo, alguien que no se haya lavado las manos). La exposición al humo del cigarrillo, contaminación del aire, polvo y gases también pueden causar bronquitis aguda. Así mismo, las bacterias pueden causar bronquitis aguda, pero no tan seguido como los virus.\nPara diagnosticar la bronquitis aguda, el médico le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y escuchará su respiración. Usted también puede tener otras pruebas.\nEl tratamiento incluye descansar, tomar líquidos y aspirina (para adultos) o acetaminofén para bajar la fiebre. Un humidificador de ambientes puede ayudar. Puede necesitar inhalar medicinas para abrir sus vías respiratorias si tiene jadeo o sibilancias. Los antibióticos no le ayudarán si la causa es un virus. A usted le recetarán antibióticos si la causa es bacteriana.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0006","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Acute Bronchitis\" as a related topic of \"Cough\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0096","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Acute Bronchitis\" as a related topic of \"Breathing Problems\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0286","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"allergic-and-vasomotor-rhinitis-hay-fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/allergic-and-vasomotor-rhinitis-hay-fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J30","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Allergic and vasomotor rhinitis (hay fever)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rinită alergică și vasomotorie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الأنف التحسسي والحركي الوعائي (حمى القش)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alergická a vazomotorická rýma (senná rýma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Allergischer und vasomotorischer Schnupfen (Heuschnupfen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλλεργική και αγγειοκινητική ρινίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rinitis alérgica y vasomotora (fiebre del heno)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rhinite allergique et vasomotrice (rhume des foins)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एलर्जिक और वासोमोटर राइनाइटिस (हे फीवर)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Allergiás és vazomotoros nátha (szénanátha)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rinite allergica e vasomotoria (raffreddore da fieno)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アレルギー性・血管運動性鼻炎（花粉症）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알레르기성 및 혈관운동성 비염(건초열)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Alergiczny i naczynioruchowy nieżyt nosa (katar sienny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rinite alérgica e vasomotora (febre dos fenos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аллергический и вазомоторный ринит (поллиноз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alergická a vazomotorická nádcha (senná nádcha)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alerjik ve vazomotor rinit (saman nezlesi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Алергічний і вазомоторний риніт (поліноз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"过敏性和血管运动性鼻炎（花粉症）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0287","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-rhinitis-and-pharyngitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-rhinitis-and-pharyngitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J31","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rinită, rinofaringită și faringită cronică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الأنف والبلعوم المزمن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronická rýma a zánět hltanu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chronische Rhinitis und Pharyngitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνια ρινίτιδα και φαρυγγίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rinitis y faringitis crónicas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rhinite et pharyngite chroniques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दीर्घकालिक राइनाइटिस और ग्रसनीशोथ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus nátha és garatgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rinite e faringite croniche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"慢性鼻炎・咽頭炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 비염 및 인두염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekły nieżyt nosa i zapalenie gardła","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rinite e faringite crónicas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хронический ринит и фарингит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronická nádcha a zápal hltana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kronik rinit ve farenjit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічний риніт і фарингіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性鼻炎和咽炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nose Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your nose is important to your health. It filters the air you breathe, removing dust, germs, and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep your lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out. Your nose also contains the nerve cells that help your sense of smell. When there is a problem with your nose, your whole body can suffer. For example, the stuffy nose of the common cold can make it hard for you to breathe, sleep, or get comfortable.\nMany problems besides the common cold can affect the nose. They include:\n• Deviated septum - a shifting of the wall that divides the nasal cavity into halves\n• Nasal polyps - soft growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses\n• Nosebleeds\n• Rhinitis - inflammation of the nose and sinuses sometimes caused by allergies. The main symptom is a runny nose.\n• Nasal fractures, also known as a broken nose","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz","text":"La nariz es importante para su salud. Esta filtra el aire que respira, eliminando el polvo, los gérmenes y los irritantes. Calienta y humedece el aire para evitar que los pulmones y los tubos que conducen a ellos se resequen. La nariz también contiene células nerviosas que ayudan al sentido del olfato. Cuando existe un problema en la nariz, todo el cuerpo puede sufrir. Por ejemplo, la nariz tapada por un resfrío puede dificultar la respiración, el sueño o el bienestar general.\nAdemás del resfrío, muchos otros problemas pueden afectar la nariz. Entre ellos:\n• Tabique nasal desviado: es un desvío de la pared que divide la cavidad nasal en mitades\n• Pólipos nasales: masas blandas que se desarrollan en la mucosa nasal o de los senos paranasales\n• Hemorragias nasales\n• Rinitis alérgica: inflamación de la nariz y de los senos paranasales, a veces causado por alergias. El principal síntoma es la secreción nasal.\n• Fracturas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0288","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-rhinosinusitis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-rhinosinusitis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J32","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sinuzită cronică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجيوب الأنفية المزمن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronický zánět vedlejších nosních dutin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chronische Nasennebenhöhlenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνια ιγμορίτιδα (παραρρινοκολπίτιδα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sinusitis crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sinusite chronique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दीर्घकालिक साइनसाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus arcüreggyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sinusite cronica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"慢性副鼻腔炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 부비동염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekłe zapalenie zatok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sinusite crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хронический синусит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronický zápal prinosových dutín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kronik sinüzit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічний синусит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性鼻窦炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic sinusitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sinusitis","text":"Sinusitis means your sinuses are inflamed. The cause can be an infection or another problem. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces within the bones surrounding the nose. They produce mucus, which drains into the nose. If your nose is swollen, this can block the sinuses and cause pain.\nThere are several types of sinusitis, including:\n• Acute, which lasts up to 4 weeks\n• Subacute, which lasts 4 to 12 weeks\n• Chronic, which lasts more than 12 weeks and can continue for months or even years\n• Recurrent, with several attacks within a year\nAcute sinusitis often starts as a cold, which then turns into a bacterial infection. Allergies, nasal problems, and certain diseases can also cause acute and chronic sinusitis.\nSymptoms of sinusitis can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. Your health care professional diagnoses sinusitis based on your symptoms and an examination of your nose and face. You may also need imaging tests. Treatments include antibiotics, decongestants, and pain relievers. Using heat pads on the inflamed area, saline nasal sprays, and vaporizers can also help.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Sinusitis","text":"Sinusitis consiste en la inflamación de los senos paranasales. Esto puede ser por una infección u otro problema. Los senos paranasales son espacios huecos donde pasa el aire por el interior de los huesos que rodean la nariz. Producen secreción mucosa que drena hacia la nariz. Si la nariz está inflamada, puede bloquear los senos paranasales y causar dolor.\nHay varios tipos de sinusitis, incluyendo:\n• Aguda, que dura hasta cuatro semanas\n• Subaguda, que dura de cuatro a 12 semanas\n• Crónica, que dura más de 12 semanas y puede continuar durante meses o incluso años\n• Recurrente, con varios ataques dentro de un año\nLa sinusitis aguda suele comenzar como un resfriado, que luego se convierte en una infección bacteriana. Alergias, problemas nasales y ciertas enfermedades también pueden causar sinusitis aguda y crónica.\nLos síntomas de la sinusitis pueden incluir fiebre, debilidad, fatiga, tos y congestión. También puede haber drenaje de mucosidad en la parte posterior de la garganta, llamada goteo retronasal. Los médicos diagnostican sinusitis según sus síntomas y el examen de la nariz y la cara. Usted también puede necesitar pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen antibióticos, descongestionantes y analgésicos. El uso de almohadillas de calor en la zona inflamada, aerosoles nasales salinos y vaporizadores también puede ayudar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0289","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"nasal-polyps","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/nasal-polyps","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J33","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nasal polyps","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Polipi nazali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السلائل الأنفية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nosní polypy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nasenpolypen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρινικοί πολύποδες","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pólipos nasales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Polypes nasaux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नाक के पॉलिप","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Orrpolip","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Polipi nasali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鼻ポリープ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비용종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Polipy nosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pólipos nasais","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Полипы носа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nosové polypy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Burun polipleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Поліпи носа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼻息肉","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nose Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your nose is important to your health. It filters the air you breathe, removing dust, germs, and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep your lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out. Your nose also contains the nerve cells that help your sense of smell. When there is a problem with your nose, your whole body can suffer. For example, the stuffy nose of the common cold can make it hard for you to breathe, sleep, or get comfortable.\nMany problems besides the common cold can affect the nose. They include:\n• Deviated septum - a shifting of the wall that divides the nasal cavity into halves\n• Nasal polyps - soft growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses\n• Nosebleeds\n• Rhinitis - inflammation of the nose and sinuses sometimes caused by allergies. The main symptom is a runny nose.\n• Nasal fractures, also known as a broken nose","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz","text":"La nariz es importante para su salud. Esta filtra el aire que respira, eliminando el polvo, los gérmenes y los irritantes. Calienta y humedece el aire para evitar que los pulmones y los tubos que conducen a ellos se resequen. La nariz también contiene células nerviosas que ayudan al sentido del olfato. Cuando existe un problema en la nariz, todo el cuerpo puede sufrir. Por ejemplo, la nariz tapada por un resfrío puede dificultar la respiración, el sueño o el bienestar general.\nAdemás del resfrío, muchos otros problemas pueden afectar la nariz. Entre ellos:\n• Tabique nasal desviado: es un desvío de la pared que divide la cavidad nasal en mitades\n• Pólipos nasales: masas blandas que se desarrollan en la mucosa nasal o de los senos paranasales\n• Hemorragias nasales\n• Rinitis alérgica: inflamación de la nariz y de los senos paranasales, a veces causado por alergias. El principal síntoma es la secreción nasal.\n• Fracturas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0290","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-nose-and-sinus-disorders-including-deviated-septum","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-nose-and-sinus-disorders-including-deviated-septum","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J34","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA0Z","display":"Upper respiratory tract disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1971756453/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1971756453/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other nose and sinus disorders (including deviated septum)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale nasului și sinusurilor (inclusiv deviație de sept)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في الأنف والجيوب (بما في ذلك انحراف الحاجز)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy nosu a dutin (včetně vybočení přepážky)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Erkrankungen der Nase und Nebenhöhlen (einschließlich Nasenscheidewandverkrümmung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές μύτης και κόλπων (περιλαμβάνεται η σκολίωση διαφράγματος)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos de la nariz y los senos (incluida la desviación del tabique)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections du nez et des sinus (dont déviation de la cloison)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नाक और साइनस के अन्य विकार (टेढ़े सेप्टम सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az orr és a melléküregek egyéb betegségei (orrsövényferdülés is)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi del naso e dei seni (inclusa la deviazione del setto)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の鼻・副鼻腔の障害（鼻中隔弯曲を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 코 및 부비동 장애(비중격만곡 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby nosa i zatok (w tym skrzywienie przegrody)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios do nariz e seios (incluindo desvio do septo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни носа и пазух (включая искривление перегородки)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy nosa a dutín (vrátane vybočenia priehradky)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer burun ve sinüs bozuklukları (septum deviasyonu dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби носа та пазух (включно з викривленням перегородки)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他鼻和鼻窦疾病（包括鼻中隔偏曲）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nose Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your nose is important to your health. It filters the air you breathe, removing dust, germs, and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep your lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out. Your nose also contains the nerve cells that help your sense of smell. When there is a problem with your nose, your whole body can suffer. For example, the stuffy nose of the common cold can make it hard for you to breathe, sleep, or get comfortable.\nMany problems besides the common cold can affect the nose. They include:\n• Deviated septum - a shifting of the wall that divides the nasal cavity into halves\n• Nasal polyps - soft growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses\n• Nosebleeds\n• Rhinitis - inflammation of the nose and sinuses sometimes caused by allergies. The main symptom is a runny nose.\n• Nasal fractures, also known as a broken nose","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz","text":"La nariz es importante para su salud. Esta filtra el aire que respira, eliminando el polvo, los gérmenes y los irritantes. Calienta y humedece el aire para evitar que los pulmones y los tubos que conducen a ellos se resequen. La nariz también contiene células nerviosas que ayudan al sentido del olfato. Cuando existe un problema en la nariz, todo el cuerpo puede sufrir. Por ejemplo, la nariz tapada por un resfrío puede dificultar la respiración, el sueño o el bienestar general.\nAdemás del resfrío, muchos otros problemas pueden afectar la nariz. Entre ellos:\n• Tabique nasal desviado: es un desvío de la pared que divide la cavidad nasal en mitades\n• Pólipos nasales: masas blandas que se desarrollan en la mucosa nasal o de los senos paranasales\n• Hemorragias nasales\n• Rinitis alérgica: inflamación de la nariz y de los senos paranasales, a veces causado por alergias. El principal síntoma es la secreción nasal.\n• Fracturas","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0291","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-tonsil-and-adenoid-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-tonsil-and-adenoid-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J35","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic tonsil and adenoid disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boli cronice ale amigdalelor și vegetațiilor adenoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الأمراض المزمنة للوزتين والزوائد الأنفية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronické nemoci mandlí a nosní mandle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chronische Krankheiten der Gaumen- und Rachenmandeln","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνιες παθήσεις αμυγδαλών και αδενοειδών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedades crónicas de las amígdalas y adenoides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladies chroniques des amygdales et des végétations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टॉन्सिल और एडेनोइड के दीर्घकालिक रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A mandulák és az orrmandula krónikus betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattie croniche di tonsille e adenoidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"扁桃・アデノイドの慢性疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"편도 및 아데노이드의 만성 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekłe choroby migdałków podniebiennych i gardłowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doenças crónicas das amígdalas e adenoides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хронические болезни миндалин и аденоидов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronické choroby mandlí a nosohltanovej mandle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bademcik ve geniz eti kronik hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічні хвороби мигдаликів та аденоїдів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"扁桃体和腺样体慢性疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Adenoids","text":"What are adenoids?\nAdenoids are a patch of tissue that is high up in the throat, just behind the nose. They, along with the tonsils, are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance. The adenoids and tonsils work by trapping germs coming in through the mouth and nose.\nAdenoids usually start to shrink after about age 5. By the teenage years, they are almost completely gone. By then, the body has other ways to fight germs.\nWhat are enlarged adenoids?\nEnlarged adenoids are adenoids that are swollen. It is a common problem in children.\nWhat causes enlarged adenoids?\nYour child's adenoids can be enlarged, or swollen, for different reasons. It may just be that your child had enlarged adenoids at birth. Adenoids can also become enlarged when they are trying to fight off an infection. They might stay enlarged even after the infection is gone.\nWhat problems can enlarged adenoids cause?\nEnlarged adenoids can make it hard to breathe through the nose. Your child might end up breathing only through the mouth. This may cause:\n• A dry mouth, which can also lead to bad breath\n• Cracked lips\n• A runny nose\nOther problems that enlarged adenoids can cause include:\n• Loud breathing\n• Snoring\n• Restless sleep\n• Sleep apnea, a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep\n• Ear infections\nHow can enlarged adenoids be diagnosed?\nTo find out if your child has enlarged adenoids, the health care provider will:\n• Ask about your child's medical history, including asking about your child's symptoms\n• Check your child's ears, throat, and mouth\n• Feel your child's neck\nSince the adenoids are higher up than the throat, the provider cannot see them just by looking through your child's mouth. To check the size of your child's adenoids, your provider may use:\n• A special mirror in the mouth\n• A long, flexible tube with a light (an endoscope)\n• An x-ray\nWhat are the treatments for enlarged adenoids?\nThe treatment depends on what is causing the problem. If the symptoms are not too bad, your child may not need treatment. If treatment is needed, your child may get nasal spray to reduce the swelling or antibiotics if the provider thinks that there is a bacterial infection.\nIn some cases, your child may need an adenoidectomy.\nWhat is an adenoidectomy and why might I my child need one?\nAn adenoidectomy is surgery to remove the adenoids. The provider may recommend this surgery if:\n• Your child has repeated infections of the adenoids. Sometimes the infections can also cause ear infections and fluid buildup in the middle ear.\n• Taking antibiotics doesn't get rid of a bacterial infection of the adenoids.\n• The enlarged adenoids block the airways.\nIf there is also a problem with the tonsils, your child will probably have a tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils) at the same time that the adenoids are removed.\nAfter having the surgery, your child usually goes home the same day. Your child will probably have some throat pain, bad breath, and a runny nose. It can take several days to feel all better.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Adenoides","text":"¿Qué son las adenoides?\nLas adenoides son un parche de tejido en la parte alta de la garganta, justo detrás de la nariz. Junto a las amígdalas son parte del sistema linfático. El sistema linfático elimina las infecciones y mantiene equilibrados los fluidos corporales. Las adenoides y las amígdalas atrapan gérmenes que entran por la boca y la nariz.\nPor lo general, las adenoides comienzan a reducir su tamaño después de los cinco años de edad. En la adolescencia, desaparecen casi por completo. Para entonces, el cuerpo tiene otras formas de combatir los gérmenes.\n¿Qué son las adenoides hipertróficas?\nSe les llama adenoides hipertróficas cuando están hinchadas. Es un problema común en los niños.\n¿Qué causa las adenoides hipertróficas?\nLas adenoides de su hijo pueden agrandarse o inflamarse por diferentes razones. Puede ser que su hijo tenga adenoides agrandadas al nacer. Las adenoides también pueden hincharse cuando están luchando contra una infección. Pueden quedar hinchadas aún después que la infección se haya curado.\n¿Qué problemas pueden causar las adenoides hipertróficas?\nLas adenoides hipertróficas pueden dificultar la respiración por la nariz. Su niño podría terminar respirando sólo por la boca. Esto puede causar:\n• Boca seca, que también puede provocar mal aliento\n• Labios partidos\n• Secreción por la nariz\nOtros problemas de las adenoides hipertróficas pueden incluir:\n• Respiración ruidosa\n• Ronquidos\n• Sueño inquieto\n• Apnea del sueño, una afección que causa que usted deje de respirar repetidamente durante el sueño\n• Infección de oído\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las adenoides hipertróficas?\nPara saber si su hijo tiene adenoides hipertróficas, el profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar acerca de la historia clínica de su hijo, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Examinar los oídos, garganta y la boca de su hijo\n• Revisar su cuello\nDado que las adenoides están más arriba de la garganta, el profesional de la salud no puede verlas sólo mirando por la boca de su hijo. Para verificar el tamaño de las adenoides, su proveedor puede usar:\n• Un espejo especial en la boca\n• Un tubo largo y flexible con una luz (un endoscopio)\n• Una radiografía\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las adenoides hipertróficas?\nEl tratamiento depende de lo que está causando el problema. Si los síntomas de su hijo no son muy serios, es posible que no necesite tratamiento. Si necesita tratamiento, su hijo podría recibir un aerosol nasal para reducir la hinchazón, o antibióticos si el profesional de la salud piensa que su hijo tiene una infección bacteriana.\nEn algunos casos, su hijo puede necesitar una extirpación de las adenoides, o adenoidectomía.\n¿Qué es una adenoidectomía y por qué mi hijo podría necesitar una?\nUna adenoidectomía es una cirugía para extirpar las adenoides. El profesional de la salud puede recomendar esta cirugía si:\n• Su hijo tiene infecciones repetidas de las adenoides. A veces las infecciones también pueden causar infecciones de oído y acumulación de líquido en el oído medio\n• Los antibióticos no están eliminando las infecciones bacterianas de las adenoides\n• Las adenoides hipertróficas bloquean las vías respiratorias\nSi también hay problemas con las amígdalas, es probable que a su hijo le hagan también una amigdalectomía (extirpación de las amígdalas) al mismo tiempo que le extirpen las adenoides.\nDespués de la cirugía, su hijo generalmente se va a casa el mismo día. Probablemente tendrá algo de dolor en la garganta, mal aliento y secreción de la nariz. Puede tomarle varios días sentirse mejor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0292","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-laryngitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-laryngitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J37","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic laryngitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Laringită cronică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الحنجرة المزمن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronický zánět hrtanu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chronische Kehlkopfentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνια λαρυγγίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Laringitis crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Laryngite chronique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दीर्घकालिक स्वरयंत्रशोथ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus gégegyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Laringite cronica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"慢性喉頭炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 후두염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekłe zapalenie krtani","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Laringite crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хронический ларингит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronický zápal hrtana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kronik larenjit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічний ларингіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性喉炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Throat Disorders","text":"Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx. The technical name for your throat is the pharynx.\nThroat problems are common. You've probably had a sore throat. The cause is usually a viral infection, but other causes include allergies, infection with strep bacteria or the leaking of stomach acids back up into the esophagus, called GERD.\nOther problems that affect the throat include:\n• Tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils\n• Cancer\n• Croup - inflammation, usually in small children, which causes a barking cough\n• Laryngitis - swelling of the voice box, which can cause a hoarse voice or loss of voice\nMost throat problems are minor and go away on their own. Treatments, when needed, depend on the problem.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la garganta","text":"La garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida hacia el esófago y el aire a la tráquea y la laringe. El nombre técnico de su garganta es faringe.\nLos problemas en la garganta son comunes. Probablemente, alguna vez tuvo un dolor de garganta. La causa suele ser una infección viral, pero otras causas incluyen alergias, infecciones por la bacteria estreptococo o ácidos del estómago que regresan al esófago, llamado reflujo gástroesofágico, o ERGE.\nOtros problemas que afectan la garganta incluyen:\n• Amigdalitis\n• Cáncer\n• Crup: Inflamación, usualmente en niños pequeños, que causa una tos seca\n• Faringitis: Inflamación de la faringe, lo que puede causar ronquera o pérdida de la voz\nLa mayoría de los problemas de la garganta son menores y desaparecen por si solos. Cuando es necesario un tratamiento, depende del problema.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0293","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vocal-cord-and-larynx-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vocal-cord-and-larynx-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J38","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA0H.Z","display":"Diseases of vocal cords or larynx, not elsewhere classified, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1914646281/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1914646281/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vocal cord and larynx disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale corzilor vocale și laringelui","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الحبال الصوتية والحنجرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy hlasivek a hrtanu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen der Stimmlippen und des Kehlkopfes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές φωνητικών χορδών και λάρυγγα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de las cuerdas vocales y la laringe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections des cordes vocales et du larynx","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्वर रज्जु और स्वरयंत्र के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A hangszalagok és a gége betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi delle corde vocali e della laringe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"声帯・喉頭の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"성대 및 후두 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby strun głosowych i krtani","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios das cordas vocais e da laringe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни голосовых связок и гортани","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy hlasiviek a hrtana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ses telleri ve gırtlak bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби голосових зв'язок і гортані","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"声带和喉部疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Throat Disorders","text":"Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx. The technical name for your throat is the pharynx.\nThroat problems are common. You've probably had a sore throat. The cause is usually a viral infection, but other causes include allergies, infection with strep bacteria or the leaking of stomach acids back up into the esophagus, called GERD.\nOther problems that affect the throat include:\n• Tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils\n• Cancer\n• Croup - inflammation, usually in small children, which causes a barking cough\n• Laryngitis - swelling of the voice box, which can cause a hoarse voice or loss of voice\nMost throat problems are minor and go away on their own. Treatments, when needed, depend on the problem.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la garganta","text":"La garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida hacia el esófago y el aire a la tráquea y la laringe. El nombre técnico de su garganta es faringe.\nLos problemas en la garganta son comunes. Probablemente, alguna vez tuvo un dolor de garganta. La causa suele ser una infección viral, pero otras causas incluyen alergias, infecciones por la bacteria estreptococo o ácidos del estómago que regresan al esófago, llamado reflujo gástroesofágico, o ERGE.\nOtros problemas que afectan la garganta incluyen:\n• Amigdalitis\n• Cáncer\n• Crup: Inflamación, usualmente en niños pequeños, que causa una tos seca\n• Faringitis: Inflamación de la faringe, lo que puede causar ronquera o pérdida de la voz\nLa mayoría de los problemas de la garganta son menores y desaparecen por si solos. Cuando es necesario un tratamiento, depende del problema.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0294","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-bronchitis-simple-and-mucopurulent","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-bronchitis-simple-and-mucopurulent","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J41","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic bronchitis (simple and mucopurulent)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bronșită cronică simplă și mucopurulentă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب القصبات المزمن البسيط والمخاطي القيحي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Prostá a mukopurulentní chronická bronchitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Einfache und schleimig-eitrige chronische Bronchitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απλή και βλεννοπυώδης χρόνια βρογχίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bronquitis crónica simple y mucopurulenta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bronchite chronique simple et mucopurulente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सरल और श्लेष्म-पीपयुक्त दीर्घकालिक ब्रोंकाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyszerű és nyákos-gennyes krónikus hörghurut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bronchite cronica semplice e mucopurulenta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"単純性・粘液膿性慢性気管支炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"단순성 및 점액농성 만성 기관지염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekłe zapalenie oskrzeli proste i śluzowo-ropne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bronquite crónica simples e mucopurulenta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Простой и слизисто-гнойный хронический бронхит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Jednoduchá a mukopurulentná chronická bronchitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Basit ve mukopürülan kronik bronşit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Простий і слизово-гнійний хронічний бронхіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"单纯性和黏液脓性慢性支气管炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chronic Bronchitis","text":"What is chronic bronchitis?\nChronic bronchitis is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is emphysema. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.\nChronic bronchitis is inflammation (swelling) and irritation of the bronchial tubes. These tubes are the airways that carry air to and from the air sacs in your lungs. The irritation of the tubes causes mucus to build up. This mucus and the swelling of the tubes make it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.\nWhat causes chronic bronchitis?\nThe cause of chronic bronchitis is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, cigarette smoke is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause chronic bronchitis, especially if you inhale them.\nExposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to chronic bronchitis. These include secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.\nRarely, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can play a role in causing chronic bronchitis.\nWho is at risk for chronic bronchitis?\nThe risk factors for chronic bronchitis include:\n• Smoking. This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have chronic bronchitis smoke or used to smoke.\n• Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.\n• Age. Most people who have chronic bronchitis are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.\n• Genetics. This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get chronic bronchitis are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.\nWhat are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?\nAt first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:\n• Frequent coughing or a cough that produces a lot mucus\n• Wheezing\n• A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe\n• Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity\n• Tightness in your chest\nSome people with chronic bronchitis get frequent respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. In severe cases, chronic bronchitis can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and swelling in your ankles, feet, or legs.\nHow is chronic bronchitis diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A family history\n• Various tests, such as lung function tests, a chest x-ray or CT scan, and blood tests\nWhat are the treatments for chronic bronchitis?\nThere is no cure for chronic bronchitis. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:\n• Lifestyle changes, such as\n• Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat chronic bronchitis.\n• Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants\n• Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.\n• Medicines, such as\n• Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain steroids to reduce inflammation.\n• Vaccines for the flu and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with chronic bronchitis are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases.\n• Antibiotics if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection\n• Oxygen therapy, if you have severe chronic bronchitis and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.\n• Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include\n• An exercise program\n• Disease management training\n• Nutritional counseling\n• Psychological counseling\n• A lung transplant, as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines\nIf you have chronic bronchitis, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a fever.\nCan chronic bronchitis be prevented?\nSince smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Bronquitis crónica","text":"¿Qué es la bronquitis crónica?\nLa bronquitis crónica es un tipo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es el enfisema. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.\nLa bronquitis crónica es la inflamación e irritación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a los alvéolos en sus pulmones. Esta irritación causa acumulación de mucosidad. Los mocos y la irritación de los conductos hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.\n¿Qué causa la bronquitis crónica?\nLa causa de la bronquitis crónica suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el humo del cigarrillo es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.\nLa exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.\nEn raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina puede tener un rol en causar bronquitis crónica.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de bronquitis crónica?\nLos factores de riesgo para la bronquitis crónica incluyen:\n• Fumar: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen bronquitis crónica fuman o solían fumar\n• Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo\n• Edad: La mayoría de las personas con bronquitis crónica tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas\n• Genética: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen bronquitis crónica tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica?\nEs posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:\n• Tos frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad\n• Sibilancias\n• Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira\n• Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física\n• Sensación de presión en el pecho\nAlgunas personas con bronquitis crónica contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como resfriados y gripe. En casos severos, la bronquitis crónica puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e hinchazón en los tobillos, pies o piernas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la bronquitis crónica?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Sus antecedentes familiares\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, como pruebas de función pulmonar, una radiografía de tórax o una tomografía computarizada y análisis de sangre\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la bronquitis crónica?\nNo hay cura para la bronquitis crónica, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como:\n• Si es fumador, dejar de fumar es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la bronquitis crónica\n• Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares\n• Solicitar a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general\n• Medicamentos, como:\n• Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener corticoides para reducir la inflamación\n• Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con bronquitis crónica tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades\n• Antibióticos si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral\n• Terapia de oxígeno: Se usa si tiene bronquitis crónica severa y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos\n• Rehabilitación pulmonar: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:\n• Un programa de ejercicios\n• Capacitación en el manejo de enfermedades\n• Asesoramiento nutricional\n• Consejería psicológica\n• Trasplante de pulmón: El último recurso para personas con síntomas severos quienes pueden no haberse mejorado con las medicinas\nSi tiene bronquitis crónica, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como fiebre.\n¿Se puede prevenir la bronquitis crónica?\nDado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de bronquitis crónica, la mejor manera de prevenirla es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0295","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-bronchitis-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-bronchitis-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J42","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic bronchitis (not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bronșită cronică (nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب القصبات المزمن (غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronická bronchitida (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chronische Bronchitis (nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνια βρογχίτιδα (μη καθορισμένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bronquitis crónica (no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bronchite chronique (sans précision)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दीर्घकालिक ब्रोंकाइटिस (अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus hörghurut (nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bronchite cronica (non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"慢性気管支炎（詳細不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 기관지염(상세불명)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekłe zapalenie oskrzeli (nieokreślone)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bronquite crónica (não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хронический бронхит (неуточнённый)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronická bronchitída (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kronik bronşit (belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічний бронхіт (неуточнений)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性支气管炎（未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chronic Bronchitis","text":"What is chronic bronchitis?\nChronic bronchitis is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is emphysema. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.\nChronic bronchitis is inflammation (swelling) and irritation of the bronchial tubes. These tubes are the airways that carry air to and from the air sacs in your lungs. The irritation of the tubes causes mucus to build up. This mucus and the swelling of the tubes make it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.\nWhat causes chronic bronchitis?\nThe cause of chronic bronchitis is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, cigarette smoke is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause chronic bronchitis, especially if you inhale them.\nExposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to chronic bronchitis. These include secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.\nRarely, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can play a role in causing chronic bronchitis.\nWho is at risk for chronic bronchitis?\nThe risk factors for chronic bronchitis include:\n• Smoking. This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have chronic bronchitis smoke or used to smoke.\n• Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.\n• Age. Most people who have chronic bronchitis are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.\n• Genetics. This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get chronic bronchitis are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.\nWhat are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?\nAt first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:\n• Frequent coughing or a cough that produces a lot mucus\n• Wheezing\n• A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe\n• Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity\n• Tightness in your chest\nSome people with chronic bronchitis get frequent respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. In severe cases, chronic bronchitis can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and swelling in your ankles, feet, or legs.\nHow is chronic bronchitis diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A family history\n• Various tests, such as lung function tests, a chest x-ray or CT scan, and blood tests\nWhat are the treatments for chronic bronchitis?\nThere is no cure for chronic bronchitis. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:\n• Lifestyle changes, such as\n• Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat chronic bronchitis.\n• Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants\n• Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.\n• Medicines, such as\n• Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain steroids to reduce inflammation.\n• Vaccines for the flu and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with chronic bronchitis are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases.\n• Antibiotics if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection\n• Oxygen therapy, if you have severe chronic bronchitis and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.\n• Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include\n• An exercise program\n• Disease management training\n• Nutritional counseling\n• Psychological counseling\n• A lung transplant, as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines\nIf you have chronic bronchitis, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a fever.\nCan chronic bronchitis be prevented?\nSince smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Bronquitis crónica","text":"¿Qué es la bronquitis crónica?\nLa bronquitis crónica es un tipo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es el enfisema. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.\nLa bronquitis crónica es la inflamación e irritación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a los alvéolos en sus pulmones. Esta irritación causa acumulación de mucosidad. Los mocos y la irritación de los conductos hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.\n¿Qué causa la bronquitis crónica?\nLa causa de la bronquitis crónica suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el humo del cigarrillo es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.\nLa exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.\nEn raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina puede tener un rol en causar bronquitis crónica.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de bronquitis crónica?\nLos factores de riesgo para la bronquitis crónica incluyen:\n• Fumar: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen bronquitis crónica fuman o solían fumar\n• Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo\n• Edad: La mayoría de las personas con bronquitis crónica tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas\n• Genética: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen bronquitis crónica tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica?\nEs posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:\n• Tos frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad\n• Sibilancias\n• Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira\n• Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física\n• Sensación de presión en el pecho\nAlgunas personas con bronquitis crónica contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como resfriados y gripe. En casos severos, la bronquitis crónica puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e hinchazón en los tobillos, pies o piernas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la bronquitis crónica?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Sus antecedentes familiares\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, como pruebas de función pulmonar, una radiografía de tórax o una tomografía computarizada y análisis de sangre\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la bronquitis crónica?\nNo hay cura para la bronquitis crónica, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como:\n• Si es fumador, dejar de fumar es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la bronquitis crónica\n• Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares\n• Solicitar a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general\n• Medicamentos, como:\n• Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener corticoides para reducir la inflamación\n• Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con bronquitis crónica tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades\n• Antibióticos si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral\n• Terapia de oxígeno: Se usa si tiene bronquitis crónica severa y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos\n• Rehabilitación pulmonar: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:\n• Un programa de ejercicios\n• Capacitación en el manejo de enfermedades\n• Asesoramiento nutricional\n• Consejería psicológica\n• Trasplante de pulmón: El último recurso para personas con síntomas severos quienes pueden no haberse mejorado con las medicinas\nSi tiene bronquitis crónica, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como fiebre.\n¿Se puede prevenir la bronquitis crónica?\nDado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de bronquitis crónica, la mejor manera de prevenirla es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0296","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"emphysema","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/emphysema","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J43","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Emphysema","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfisema","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Emfizem pulmonar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انتفاخ الرئة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Plicní emfyzém","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lungenemphysem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονικό εμφύσημα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Emphysème pulmonaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वातस्फीति (एम्फाइसीमा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tüdőtágulat (emfizéma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Enfisema polmonare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肺気腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"폐기종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozedma płuc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enfisema pulmonar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эмфизема лёгких","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pľúcny emfyzém","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amfizem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Емфізема легень","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肺气肿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Pulmonary emphysema"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Emphysema","text":"What is emphysema?\nEmphysema is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is chronic bronchitis. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.\nEmphysema affects the air sacs in your lungs. Normally, these sacs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out.\nIn emphysema, the walls between many of the air sacs in the lungs are damaged. This causes the air sacs to lose their shape and become floppy. The damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones. This makes it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.\nWhat causes emphysema?\nThe cause of emphysema is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and the airways. In the United States, cigarette smoke is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause emphysema, especially if you inhale them.\nExposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to emphysema. These include secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.\nRarely, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can play a role in causing emphysema.\nWho is at risk for emphysema?\nThe risk factors for emphysema include:\n• Smoking. This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have emphysema smoke or used to smoke.\n• Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.\n• Age. Most people who have emphysema are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.\n• Genetics. This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get emphysema are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.\nWhat are the symptoms of emphysema?\nAt first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:\n• Frequent coughing or wheezing\n• A cough that produces a lot mucus\n• Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity\n• A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe\n• Tightness in your chest\nSome people with emphysema get frequent respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. In severe cases, emphysema can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and swelling in your ankles, feet, or legs.\nHow is emphysema diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A family history\n• Other tests, such as lung function tests, a chest x-ray or CT scan, and blood tests\nWhat are the treatments for emphysema?\nThere is no cure for emphysema. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:\n• Lifestyle changes, such as\n• Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat emphysema.\n• Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants\n• Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.\n• Medicines, such as\n• Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain steroids to reduce inflammation.\n• Vaccines for the flu and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with emphysema are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases\n• Antibiotics if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection\n• Oxygen therapy, if you have severe emphysema and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.\n• Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include\n• An exercise program\n• Disease management training\n• Nutritional counseling\n• Psychological counseling\n• Surgery, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines. There are surgeries to\n• Remove damaged lung tissue\n• Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing.\n• Do a lung transplant. This is might be an option if you have very severe emphysema.\nIf you have emphysema, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a fever.\nCan emphysema be prevented?\nSince smoking causes most cases of emphysema, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfisema","text":"¿Qué es el enfisema?\nEl enfisema es un tipo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es la bronquitis crónica. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.\nEl enfisema afecta los alvéolos pulmonares. Normalmente, estos saquitos son elásticos o se estiran. Cuando inhala, cada saquito se llena de aire como un globo pequeño. Al exhalar, los saquitos se desinflan al salir el aire.\nEn el enfisema, las paredes entre muchos de estos saquitos en los pulmones están dañados. Esto hace que los alvéolos pierdan su forma y se vuelvan flácidos. El daño también puede destruir las paredes de los saquitos de aire, lo que lleva a tener menos saquitos, pero más grandes, en lugar de muchos pequeños. Esto hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.\n¿Qué causa el enfisema?\nLa causa del enfisema suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el humo del cigarrillo es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.\nLa exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.\nEn raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina puede tener un rol en causar enfisema.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de enfisema?\nLos factores de riesgo para el enfisema incluyen:\n• Fumar: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen enfisema fuman o solían fumar\n• Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo\n• Edad: La mayoría de las personas que tienen enfisema tienen al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas\n• Genética: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen enfisema tienen más probabilidades de tenerlo si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del enfisema?\nEs posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:\n• Tos frecuente o sibilancias\n• Tos que produce mucha mucosidad\n• Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física\n• Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira\n• Sensación de presión en el pecho\nAlgunas personas con enfisema contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como resfriados y gripe. En casos severos, el enfisema puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e hinchazón en los tobillos, pies o piernas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el enfisema?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Sus antecedentes familiares\n• Otras pruebas de laboratorio, como pruebas de función pulmonar , una radiografía o una tomografía computarizada de tórax y análisis de sangre\nSu médico diagnosticará EPOC según sus signos y síntomas, sus antecedentes médicos y familiares; y los resultados de sus pruebas.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el enfisema?\nNo hay cura para el enfisema, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como:\n• Si es fumador, dejar de fumar es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar el enfisema\n• Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares\n• Pídale a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general\n• Medicamentos, como:\n• Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener corticoides para reducir la inflamación\n• Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con enfisema tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades\n• Antibióticos si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral\n• Terapia de oxígeno: Se usa si tiene enfisema severo y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos\n• Rehabilitación pulmonar: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:\n• Un programa de ejercicios\n• Entrenamiento en manejo de enfermedades\n• Asesoramiento nutricional\n• Consejería psicológica\n• Cirugía: En general se utiliza como último recurso para personas que tienen síntomas graves que no han mejorado con medicamentos. Hay cirugías para:\n• Eliminar el tejido pulmonar dañado\n• Eliminar los espacios aéreos grandes (ampollas) que pueden formarse cuando se destruyen los saquitos aéreos. Estas ampollas pueden interferir con la respiración\n• Someterse a un trasplante de pulmón: Esto podría ser una opción si tiene enfisema muy severo\nSi tiene enfisema, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como fiebre.\n¿Se puede prevenir el enfisema?\nDado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de enfisema, la mejor manera de prevenirlo es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0297","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"copd-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/copd-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J44","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA22.Z","display":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/133207228/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#133207228/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"BPOC (bronhopneumopatie obstructivă cronică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"CHOPN (chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"COPD (chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"ΧΑΠ (χρόνια αποφρακτική πνευμονοπάθεια)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"BPCO (bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सीओपीडी (दीर्घकालिक प्रतिरोधी फुफ्फुसीय रोग)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"COPD (krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"BPCO (broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"COPD（慢性閉塞性肺疾患）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 폐쇄성 폐질환(COPD)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"POChP (przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"DPOC (doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"ХОБЛ (хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"CHOCHP (chronická obštrukčná choroba pľúc)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"KOAH (kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"ХОЗЛ (хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性阻塞性肺疾病（慢阻肺）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"COPD","text":"What is COPD?\nCOPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time.\nNormally, the airways and air sacs in your lungs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, the airways bring air to the air sacs. The air sacs fill up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out. If you have COPD, less air flows in and out of your airways because of one or more problems:\n• The airways and air sacs in your lungs become less elastic\n• The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed\n• The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed\n• The airways make more mucus than usual and can become clogged\nWhat are the types of COPD?\nCOPD includes two main types:\n• Emphysema affects the air sacs in your lungs, as well as the walls between them. They become damaged and are less elastic.\n• Chronic bronchitis, in which the lining of your airways is constantly irritated and inflamed. This causes the lining to swell and make mucus.\nMost people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.\nWhat causes COPD?\nThe cause of COPD is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, cigarette smoke is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause COPD, especially if you inhale them.\nExposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to COPD. These include secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.\nRarely, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can play a role in causing COPD.\nWho is more likely to develop COPD?\nCertain factors make you more likely to develop COPD. These include:\n• Smoking. This is the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke.\n• Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace\n• Age. Most people who have COPD are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.\n• Genetics. This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get COPD are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.\n• Asthma. People who have asthma have more risk of developing COPD than people who don't have asthma. But most people with asthma will not get COPD.\nWhat are the symptoms of COPD?\nAt first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:\n• Frequent coughing or a cough that produces a lot of mucus\n• Wheezing or a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe\n• Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity\n• Tightness in your chest\n• Fatigue\nSome people with COPD get frequent respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. In severe cases, COPD can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and swelling in your ankles, feet, and legs.\nHow is COPD diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have COPD, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• Ask about your family history\n• Ask if you have ever smoked or been exposed to secondhand smoke and other lung irritants\n• Order various tests, such as lung function tests, a chest x-ray or CT scan\n• Order blood tests, which may include an arterial blood gas test or an alpha-1 antitrypsin test\nWhat are the treatments for COPD?\nThere is no cure for COPD. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:\n• Lifestyle changes, such as:\n• Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat COPD.\n• Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants.\n• Following an eating plan that meets your nutritional needs.\n• Increasing your physical activity as your condition allows. Ask your provider about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.\n• Medicines, such as:\n• Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain steroids to reduce inflammation.\n• Vaccines for the flu and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with COPD are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases\n• Antibiotics if you get a bacterial lung infection\n• Biologics, which are a type of medicine made from living sources, such as cells, tissues, and proteins. A biologic medicine may reduce inflammation in certain types of COPD\n• Oxygen therapy, if you have severe COPD and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.\n• Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include:\n• An exercise program\n• Disease management training\n• Nutritional counseling\n• Psychological counseling\n• Surgery, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines:\n• For COPD that is mainly related to emphysema, there are surgeries that:\n• Remove damaged lung tissue.\n• Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing.\n• For severe COPD, some people may need a lung transplant.\nIf you have COPD, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a fever.\nCan COPD be prevented?\nSince smoking causes most cases of COPD, the best way to prevent it is not to smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)?\nLa enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo.\nNormalmente, las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares son elásticos o se estiran. Al inhalar, las vías respiratorias llevan aire a estos sacos. Estos se llenan de aire, como un pequeño globo. Al exhalar, los sacos se desinflan y sale el aire. Si tiene EPOC, fluye menos aire dentro y fuera de sus vías respiratorias debido a uno o más problemas:\n• Las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares se vuelven menos elásticos\n• Las paredes entre muchos de los sacos se destruyen\n• Las paredes de las vías aéreas se engrosan e inflaman\n• Las vías respiratorias producen más mucosidad de lo normal y pueden obstruirse\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nLa EPOC tiene dos tipos principales:\n• Enfisema: Afecta a los alvéolos pulmonares y las paredes que los separan. Se dañan y son menos elásticos\n• Bronquitis crónica: El revestimiento de las vías respiratorias se irrita e inflama constantemente, lo que produce inflamación y mucosidad\nLa mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero la gravedad de cada tipo puede variar de una persona a otra.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nLa causa de la EPOC suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el humo del cigarrillo es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro (también llamado puro) y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar EPOC, especialmente si se inhala.\nLa exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al EPOC. Estos incluyen humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y vapores o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.\nEn raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina puede influir en la aparición de la EPOC.\n¿Quién tiene riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nAlgunos factores aumentan la probabilidad de desarrollar EPOC. Entre ellos están:\n• Fumar: Es el principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen EPOC fuman o solían fumar\n• Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire, y vapores y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo\n• Edad: La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas\n• Genética: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores con EPOC tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC\n• Asma: Las personas con asma tienen más riesgo de desarrollar EPOC que quienes no tienen asma. Pero la mayoría de las personas con asma no tendrán EPOC\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nEs posible que al comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se agravan. Pueden incluir:\n• Tos frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad\n• Sibilancias o un sonido silbante o chillón al respirar\n• Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física\n• Sensación de presión en el pecho\n• Fatiga\nAlgunas personas con EPOC contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como resfriados y gripe. En casos severos, la EPOC puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e hinchazón en los tobillos, los pies y las piernas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nPara detectar si usted tiene EPOC, su proveedor de atención médica podría:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas\n• Revisar sus antecedentes familiares\n• Preguntar si alguna vez ha fumado o ha estado expuesto al humo de segunda mano y a otros irritantes pulmonares\n• Ordenar varias pruebas de laboratorio, como una prueba de función pulmonar, una radiografía de tórax o una tomografía computarizada\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre, que pueden incluir una prueba de gasometría arterial o un examen de alfa-1 antitripsina\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nNo hay cura para la EPOC, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la EPOC. Los tratamientos incluyen:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como:\n• Si es fumador, dejar de fumar es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la EPOC\n• Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares\n• Seguir un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales\n• Aumentar su actividad física según lo permita su condición. Pregunte a su proveedor cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general\n• Medicamentos, como:\n• Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más graves, el inhalador también puede contener corticoides para reducir la inflamación\n• Vacunas para la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con EPOC tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades\n• Antibióticos: Si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana\n• Biológicos: Son un tipo de medicamentos producidos a partir de medios vivos, como células, tejidos y proteínas. Un medicamento biológico puede reducir la inflamación en ciertos tipos de EPOC\n• Terapia de oxígeno: Se usa si tiene EPOC grave y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudar a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos\n• Rehabilitación pulmonar: Es un programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:\n• Un plan de ejercicios\n• Capacitación para el manejo de enfermedades\n• Asesoramiento nutricional\n• Consejería psicológica\n• Cirugía: Por lo general, se utiliza como último recurso para personas que tienen síntomas graves que no han mejorado con medicamentos:\n• Para la EPOC que se relaciona principalmente con el enfisema, hay cirugías que:\n• Eliminan el tejido pulmonar dañado\n• Eliminan los espacios aéreos grandes (ampollas) que pueden formarse cuando se destruyen los sacos aéreos. Estas ampollas pueden interferir con la respiración\n• En casos de EPOC grave, algunas personas pueden necesitar un trasplante de pulmón\nSi tiene EPOC, es importante saber cuándo y dónde buscar ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Llame a su proveedor si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como fiebre.\n¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica?\nDado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de EPOC, la mejor manera de prevenirlo es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0298","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"asthma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/asthma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J45","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CA23.32","display":"Unspecified asthma, uncomplicated","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/577724120","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#577724120"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Asthma","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Asma","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Astm bronșic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الربو","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Astma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Asthma bronchiale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άσθμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Asthme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दमा (अस्थमा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Asztma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Asma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"喘息（ぜんそく）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"천식","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Astma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Asma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бронхиальная астма","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Astma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Astım","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бронхіальна астма","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"哮喘","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Bronchial Asthma"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Asthma","text":"What is asthma?\nAsthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, coughing, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.\nWhat causes asthma?\nThe exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and your environment likely play a role in who gets asthma.\nAn asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen your asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:\n• Allergic asthma is caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. They can include\n• Dust mites\n• Mold\n• Pets\n• Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds\n• Waste from pests such as cockroaches and mice\n• Nonallergic asthma is caused by triggers that are not allergens, such as\n• Breathing in cold air\n• Certain medicines\n• Household chemicals\n• Infections such as colds and the flu\n• Outdoor air pollution\n• Tobacco smoke\n• Occupational asthma is caused by breathing in chemicals or industrial dusts at work\n• Exercise-induced asthma happens during physical exercise, especially when the air is dry\nAsthma triggers may be different for each person and can change over time.\nWho is at risk for asthma?\nAsthma affects people of all ages, but it often starts during childhood. Certain factors can raise your risk of having asthma:\n• Being exposed to secondhand smoke when your mother is pregnant with you or when you are a small child\n• Being exposed to certain substances at work, such as chemical irritants or industrial dusts\n• Genetics and family history. You are more likely to have asthma if one of your parents has it, especially if it's your mother.\n• Race or ethnicity. Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities.\n• Having other diseases or conditions such as obesity and allergies\n• Often having viral respiratory infections as a young child\n• Sex. In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens and adults, it is more common in women.\nWhat are the symptoms of asthma?\nThe symptoms of asthma include:\n• Chest tightness\n• Coughing, especially at night or early morning\n• Shortness of breath\n• Wheezing, which causes a whistling sound when you breathe out\nThese symptoms can range from mild to severe. You may have them every day or only once in a while.\nWhen you are having an asthma attack, your symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. They are more common in people who have severe asthma. If you are having asthma attacks, you may need a change in your treatment.\nHow is asthma diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:\n• Physical exam\n• Medical history\n• Lung function tests, including spirometry, to test how well your lungs work\n• Tests to measure how your airways react to specific exposures. During this test, you inhale different concentrations of allergens or medicines that may tighten the muscles in your airways. Spirometry is done before and after the test.\n• Peak expiratory flow (PEF) tests to measure how fast you can blow air out using maximum effort\n• Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) tests to measure levels of nitric oxide in your breath when you breathe out. High levels of nitric oxide may mean that your lungs are inflamed.\n• Allergy skin or blood tests, if you have a history of allergies. These tests check which allergens cause a reaction from your immune system.\nWhat are the treatments for asthma?\nIf you have asthma, you will work with your health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It will include:\n• Strategies to avoid triggers. For example, if tobacco smoke is a trigger for you, you should not smoke or allow other people to smoke in your home or car.\n• Short-term relief medicines, also called quick-relief medicines. They help prevent symptoms or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. They include an inhaler to carry with you all the time. It may also include other types of medicines which work quickly to help open your airways.\n• Control medicines. You take them every day to help prevent symptoms. They work by reducing airway inflammation and preventing narrowing of the airways.\nIf you have a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, you will need emergency care.\nYour provider may adjust your treatment until asthma symptoms are controlled.\nSometimes asthma is severe and cannot be controlled with other treatments. If you are an adult with uncontrolled asthma, in some cases your provider might suggest bronchial thermoplasty. This is a procedure that uses heat to shrink the smooth muscle in the lungs. Shrinking the muscle reduces your airway's ability to tighten and allows you to breathe more easily. The procedure has some risks, so it's important to discuss them with your provider.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Asma","text":"¿Qué es el asma?\nEl asma es una enfermedad pulmonar crónica (de largo plazo). Afecta las vías respiratorias, los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde los pulmones. Cuando tiene asma, sus vías respiratorias pueden inflamarse y estrecharse. Esto puede causar sibilancias, tos y opresión en el pecho. Cuando estos síntomas son peores que lo habitual, se conoce como ataque de asma o crisis asmática.\n¿Qué causa el asma?\nNo se conoce la causa exacta del asma. Es probable que la genética y el ambiente influyan en quién padece asma.\nUn ataque de asma puede ocurrir cuando está expuesto a un desencadenante del asma. Un desencadenante es algo que puede propiciar o empeorar los síntomas del asma. Diferentes desencadenantes pueden causar diversos tipos de asma:\n• El asma alérgica es causada por alérgenos. Los alérgenos son sustancias que provocan una reacción alérgica. Pueden incluir:\n• Ácaros del polvo\n• Moho\n• Mascotas\n• Polen de pasto, árboles y malezas\n• Desechos de plagas como cucarachas y ratones\n• El asma no alérgica es causada por desencadenantes que no son alérgenos, como:\n• Respirar aire frío\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Productos químicos domésticos\n• Infecciones como resfriados y gripe\n• Contaminación exterior del aire\n• Humo de tabaco\n• El asma ocupacional es causado por respirar químicos o polvos industriales en el trabajo\n• El asma inducida por el ejercicio ocurre durante la actividad física, especialmente cuando el aire está seco\nLos desencadenantes del asma pueden ser diferentes para cada persona y pueden cambiar con el tiempo.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer asma?\nEl asma afecta a personas de todas las edades, pero a menudo comienza en la niñez. Ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener asma:\n• Haberse expuesto al humo de segunda mano cuando su madre estuvo embarazada de usted o cuando usted era un niño pequeño\n• Estar expuesto a ciertas sustancias en el trabajo, como irritantes químicos o polvos industriales\n• Genética e historia familiar: Es más probable que tenga asma si uno de sus padres la tiene, especialmente su madre\n• Raza o etnia: Los afroamericanos y los portorriqueños tienen un mayor riesgo de asma que las personas de otras razas o etnias\n• Tener otras enfermedades o afecciones como obesidad y alergias\n• Haber tenido varias infecciones respiratorias virales cuando niño\n• Sexo: En niños, el asma es más común en los varones. En adolescentes y adultos, es más común en mujeres\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del asma?\nLos síntomas del asma incluyen:\n• Opresión en el pecho\n• Tos, especialmente por la noche o temprano en la mañana\n• Problemas para respirar\n• Sibilancia, que provoca un silbido al exhalar\nEstos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Pueden presentarse todos los días o solo de vez en cuando.\nCuando tiene un ataque de asma, sus síntomas empeoran mucho. Los ataques pueden aparecer de forma gradual o repentina. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida. Son más comunes en personas que tienen asma grave. Si tiene ataques de asma, es posible que necesite un cambio en su tratamiento.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el asma?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el asma:\n• Examen físico\n• Historia clínica\n• Pruebas de función pulmonar, incluyendo espirometría para evaluar qué tan bien funcionan sus pulmones\n• Pruebas para medir cómo reaccionan sus vías respiratorias a exposiciones específicas. Durante esta prueba, se inhalan diferentes concentraciones de alérgenos o medicamentos que pueden tensar los músculos de las vías respiratorias. La espirometría se realiza antes y después de la prueba\n• Pruebas de flujo espiratorio máximo para medir qué tan rápido puede expulsar aire con el máximo esfuerzo\n• Prueba de fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico para medir los niveles de óxido nítrico en su aliento al exhalar. Los niveles altos de óxido nítrico pueden significar que sus pulmones están inflamados\n• Análisis de sangre o de piel para alergias, si tiene antecedentes de alergias. Estas pruebas verifican qué alérgenos causan una reacción de su sistema inmunitario\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el asma?\nSi tiene asma, su profesional de la salud y usted crearán un plan de tratamiento. El plan incluirá formas de controlar sus síntomas y prevenir ataques, incluyendo:\n• Estrategias para evitar desencadenantes: Por ejemplo, si el humo del tabaco es un desencadenante para usted, no debe fumar ni permitir que otras personas fumen en su casa o automóvil\n• Medicamentos de alivio rápido, también llamados medicamentos de rescate: Ayudan a prevenir los síntomas o aliviarlos durante un ataque de asma. Incluyen un inhalador para que lo lleve consigo todo el tiempo. También puede incluir otros tipos de medicamentos que actúan rápidamente para ayudar a abrir las vías respiratorias\n• Medicamentos de control: Estos se toman todos los días para ayudar a prevenir los síntomas. Actúan reduciendo la inflamación de las vías respiratorias y previniendo su estrechamiento\nSi tiene un ataque severo y los medicamentos de alivio rápido no funcionan, necesitará atención de emergencia.\nSu profesional de la salud puede ajustar su tratamiento hasta que se controlen los síntomas del asma.\nA veces, el asma es grave y no se puede controlar con otros tratamientos. Si es un adulto con asma no controlada, en algunos casos su proveedor puede sugerirle una termoplastia bronquial. Este es un procedimiento que usa calor para encoger el músculo liso de los pulmones. La contracción del músculo reduce la capacidad de las vías respiratorias para contraerse y permite respirar con más facilidad. El procedimiento tiene algunos riesgos, por lo que es importante conversarlos con su médico.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0033","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0079","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0090","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0219","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0246","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0281","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0333","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0096","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Breathing Problems\" as a related topic of \"Asthma\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0299","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"breathing-problems-from-chemicals-gases-or-fumes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/breathing-problems-from-chemicals-gases-or-fumes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J68","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Breathing problems from chemicals, gases or fumes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni respiratorii cauzate de inhalarea de substanțe chimice, gaze sau vapori","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض تنفسية بسبب استنشاق مواد كيميائية أو غازات أو أبخرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Respirační onemocnění z vdechnutí chemikálií, plynů nebo par","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atemwegserkrankungen durch Chemikalien, Gase oder Dämpfe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αναπνευστικές παθήσεις από εισπνοή χημικών, αερίων ή αναθυμιάσεων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Afecciones respiratorias por inhalación de productos químicos, gases o vapores","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections respiratoires dues à l'inhalation de produits chimiques, gaz ou vapeurs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रसायनों, गैसों या धुएं से सांस की समस्याएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vegyszerek, gázok vagy gőzök belégzése okozta légúti betegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi respiratori da inalazione di sostanze chimiche, gas o vapori","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"化学物質・ガス・煙の吸入による呼吸器疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"화학물질·가스·연기 흡입에 의한 호흡기 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby układu oddechowego spowodowane wdychaniem chemikaliów, gazów lub oparów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doenças respiratórias por inalação de químicos, gases ou vapores","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни органов дыхания от вдыхания химических веществ, газов или паров","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Respiračné ochorenia z vdýchnutia chemikálií, plynov alebo pár","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kimyasal, gaz veya buhar solunmasına bağlı solunum hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби органів дихання від вдихання хімічних речовин, газів або парів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"吸入化学物质、气体或烟雾所致呼吸系统疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Inhalation Injuries","text":"Inhalation injuries are acute injuries to your respiratory system and lungs. They can happen if you breathe in toxic substances, such as smoke (from fires), chemicals, particle pollution, and gases. Inhalation injuries can also be caused by extreme heat; these are a type of thermal injuries. Over half of deaths from fires are due to inhalation injuries.\nSymptoms of inhalation injuries can depend on what you breathed in. But they often include:\n• Coughing and phlegm\n• A scratchy throat\n• Irritated sinuses\n• Shortness of breath\n• Chest pain or tightness\n• Headaches\n• Stinging eyes\n• A runny nose\nIf you have a chronic heart or lung problem, an inhalation injury can make it worse.\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider may use a scope to look at your airways and check for damage. Other possible tests include imaging tests of the lungs, blood tests, and lung function tests.\nIf you have an inhalation injury, your health care provider will make sure that your airway is not blocked. Treatment is with oxygen therapy, and in some cases, medicines. Some patients need to use a ventilator to breathe. Most people get better, but some people have permanent lung or breathing problems. Smokers and people who had a severe injury are at a greater risk of having permanent problems.\nYou can take steps to try to prevent inhalation injuries:\n• At home, practice fire safety, which includes preventing fires and having a plan in case there is a fire\n• If there is smoke from a wildfire nearby or lots of particulate pollution in the air, try to limit your time outdoors. Keep your indoor air as clean as possible, by keeping windows closed and using an air filter. If you have asthma, another lung disease, or heart disease, follow your health care provider's advice about your medicines and respiratory management plan.\n• If you are working with chemicals or gases, handle them safely and use protective equipment","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones por inhalación","text":"Las lesiones por inhalación son lesiones agudas en el sistema respiratorio y los pulmones. Pueden ocurrir si respira sustancias tóxicas, como humo de incendios, productos químicos, contaminación de partículas y gases. Las lesiones por inhalación también pueden ser causadas por calor extremo, un tipo de lesión térmica. Más de la mitad de las muertes por incendios se deben a lesiones por inhalación.\nLos síntomas de las lesiones por inhalación pueden depender de lo que respiró. Pero a menudo incluyen:\n• Tos y flema\n• Picazón en la garganta\n• Senos paranasales irritados\n• Dificultad para respirar\n• Dolor en el pecho o sensación de opresión\n• Dolores de cabeza\n• Picazón en los ojos\n• Nariz que moquea\n• Si usted tiene asma, éste puede empeorar\nSi tiene un problema crónico de corazón o pulmón, una lesión por inhalación puede empeorarlo.\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica puede usar un endoscopio para examinar sus vías aéreas y verificar si hay daños. Otras pruebas posibles incluyen pruebas de imágenes de los pulmones, análisis de sangre y pruebas de función pulmonar.\nSi usted tiene una lesión por inhalación, su proveedor de atención médica buscará de que su vía aérea no esté bloqueada. El tratamiento es con terapia de oxígeno y, en algunos casos, medicamentos. Algunos pacientes necesitan usar un respirador para respirar. La mayoría de las personas mejora, pero algunas personas tienen problemas pulmonares o respiratorios permanentes. Los fumadores y las personas que tuvieron una lesión grave corren un mayor riesgo de tener problemas permanentes.\nUsted puede tomar algunas medidas para prevenir lesiones por inhalación:\n• En casa, practique la seguridad contra incendios, que incluye la prevención de incendios y un plan en caso de que ocurra un siniestro\n• Si hay humo cerca de un incendio forestal o mucha contaminación particulada en el aire, intente limitar su tiempo al aire libre. Mantenga el aire interior lo más limpio posible, manteniendo las ventanas cerradas y usando un filtro de aire. Si tiene asma, otra enfermedad pulmonar o enfermedad cardíaca, siga los consejos de su proveedor de atención médica sobre sus medicamentos y su plan de control respiratorio\n• Si está trabajando con químicos o gases, manipúlelos de manera segura y use equipo de protección","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0300","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J80","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindrom de detresă respiratorie acută (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة الضائقة التنفسية الحادة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Syndrom akutní respirační tísně (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akutes Lungenversagen (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο οξείας αναπνευστικής δυσχέρειας (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र श्वसन संकट सिंड्रोम (एआरडीएस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut légzési distressz szindróma (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome da distress respiratorio acuto (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性呼吸窮迫症候群（ARDS）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 호흡곤란 증후군(ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół ostrej niewydolności oddechowej (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de dificuldade respiratória aguda (SDRA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром (ОРДС)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Syndróm akútnej respiračnej tiesne (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий респіраторний дистрес-синдром (ГРДС)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性呼吸窘迫综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Respiratory Failure","text":"What is respiratory failure?\nRespiratory failure is a condition in which your blood doesn't have enough oxygen or has too much carbon dioxide. Sometimes you can have both problems.\nWhen you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen. The oxygen passes into your blood, which carries it to your organs. Your organs, such as your heart and brain, need this oxygen-rich blood to work well.\nAnother part of breathing is removing the carbon dioxide from the blood and breathing it out. Having too much carbon dioxide in your blood can harm your organs.\nWhat causes respiratory failure?\nConditions that affect your breathing can cause respiratory failure. These conditions may affect the muscles, nerves, bones, or tissues that support breathing. Or they may affect the lungs directly. These conditions include:\n• Diseases that affect the lungs, such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and COVID-19\n• Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles that control breathing, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injuries, and stroke\n• Problems with the spine, such as scoliosis (a curve in the spine). They can affect the bones and muscles used for breathing.\n• Damage to the tissues and ribs around the lungs. An injury to the chest can cause this damage.\n• Drug or alcohol overdose\n• Inhalation injuries, such as from inhaling smoke (from fires) or harmful fumes\nWhat are the symptoms of respiratory failure?\nThe symptoms of respiratory failure depend on the cause and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.\nA low oxygen level in the blood can cause shortness of breath and air hunger (the feeling that you can't breathe in enough air). Your skin, lips, and fingernails may also have a bluish color. A high carbon dioxide level can cause rapid breathing and confusion.\nSome people who have respiratory failure may become very sleepy or lose consciousness. They also may have arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). You may have these symptoms if your brain and heart are not getting enough oxygen.\nHow is respiratory failure diagnosed?\nYour health care provider will diagnose respiratory failure based on:\n• Your medical history\n• A physical exam, which often includes\n• Listening to your lungs to check for abnormal sounds\n• Listening to your heart to check for arrhythmia\n• Looking for a bluish color on your skin, lips, and fingernails\n• Diagnostic tests, such as\n• Pulse oximetry, a small sensor that uses a light to measure how much oxygen is in your blood. The sensor goes on the end of your finger or on your ear.\n• Arterial blood gas test, a test that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood. The blood sample is taken from an artery, usually in your wrist.\nOnce you are diagnosed with respiratory failure, your provider will look for what is causing it. Tests for this often include a chest x-ray. If your provider thinks you may have arrhythmia because of the respiratory failure, you may have an EKG (electrocardiogram). This is simple, painless test that detects and records your heart's electrical activity.\nWhat are the treatments for respiratory failure?\nTreatment for respiratory failure depends on:\n• Whether it is acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing)\n• How severe it is\n• What is causing it\nAcute respiratory failure can be a medical emergency. You may need treatment in intensive care unit at a hospital. Chronic respiratory failure can often be treated at home. But if your chronic respiratory failure is severe, you might need treatment in a long-term care center.\nOne of the main goals of treatment is to get oxygen to your lungs and other organs and remove carbon dioxide from your body. Another goal is to treat the cause of the condition. Treatments may include:\n• Oxygen therapy, through a nasal cannula (two small plastic tubes that go in your nostrils) or through a mask that fits over your nose and mouth\n• Tracheostomy, a surgically-made hole that goes through the front of your neck and into your windpipe. A breathing tube, also called a tracheostomy, or trach tube, is placed in the hole to help you breathe.\n• Ventilator, a breathing machine that blows air into your lungs. It also carries carbon dioxide out of your lungs.\n• Other breathing treatments, such as noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), which uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open while you sleep. Another treatment is a special bed that rocks back and forth, to help you breathe in and out.\n• Fluids, often through an intravenous (IV), to improve blood flow throughout your body. They also provide nutrition.\n• Medicines for discomfort\n• Treatments for the cause of the respiratory failure. These treatments may include medicines and procedures.\nIf you have respiratory failure, see your health care provider for ongoing medical care. Your provider may suggest pulmonary rehabilitation.\nIf your respiratory failure is chronic, make sure that you know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You need emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. You should call your provider if you notice that your symptoms are worsening or if you have new signs and symptoms.\nLiving with respiratory failure may cause fear, anxiety, depression, and stress. Talk therapy, medicines, and support groups can help you feel better.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Insuficiencia respiratoria","text":"¿Qué es la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nLa insuficiencia respiratoria es una afección en la cual su sangre no tiene suficiente oxígeno o tiene demasiado dióxido de carbono. A veces puede tener ambos problemas.\nCuando respira, sus pulmones se llenan de oxígeno. El oxígeno pasa a su sangre, que lo lleva a sus órganos, como el corazón y el cerebro, que necesitan sangre rica en oxígeno para funcionar bien.\nOtra función de la respiración es eliminar el dióxido de carbono de la sangre al botar el aire. Tener demasiado dióxido de carbono en la sangre puede dañar sus órganos.\n¿Qué causa la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nLas enfermedades que afectan su respiración pueden causar insuficiencia respiratoria. Estas pueden afectar los músculos, nervios, huesos o tejidos que tienen que ver con la respiración. O pueden afectar directamente a los pulmones. Estas afecciones incluyen:\n• Enfermedades que afectan los pulmones, como la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), fibrosis quística, neumonía, embolia pulmonar y la COVID-19\n• Afecciones que afectan los nervios y músculos que controlan la respiración, como esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, distrofia muscular, lesiones de la médula espinal y accidente cerebrovascular\n• Problemas con la columna vertebral, como la escoliosis (una curvatura de la columna vertebral). Pueden afectar los huesos y músculos que se usan para respirar\n• Daño a los tejidos y costillas alrededor de los pulmones. Una lesión en el tórax puede causar este problema\n• Sobredosis de drogas o alcohol\n• Lesiones por inhalación, como inhalación de humo (de incendios) o gases nocivos\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nLos síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria dependen de la causa y los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre.\nUn nivel bajo de oxígeno en la sangre puede causar dificultad para respirar y falta de aire (la sensación de que no puede respirar suficiente aire). Su piel, labios y uñas pueden tener un color azulado. Un nivel alto de dióxido de carbono puede causar respiración rápida y confusión.\nAlgunas personas que tienen insuficiencia respiratoria pueden tener mucho sueño o perder el conocimiento. También pueden tener arritmia (latidos cardíacos irregulares). Es posible que tenga estos síntomas si su cerebro y corazón no reciben suficiente oxígeno.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nSu proveedor de atención médica diagnosticará la insuficiencia respiratoria basándose en:\n• Su historia clínica\n• Un examen físico, que a menudo incluye:\n• Escuchar sus pulmones para ver si hay sonidos anormales\n• Escuchar a su corazón para ver si hay arritmia\n• Observar si su piel, labios y uñas tienen un color azulado\n• Pruebas de diagnóstico, como:\n• Oximetría de pulso: Utiliza un pequeño sensor que usa una luz para medir la cantidad de oxígeno en su sangre. El sensor se coloca al final de su dedo o en su oreja\n• Prueba de gasometría arterial: Mide los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre. La muestra de sangre se toma de una arteria, generalmente en su muñeca\nUna vez que se diagnostica insuficiencia respiratoria, su proveedor de salud buscará la causa. A menudo, las pruebas incluyen una radiografía de tórax. Si su médico cree que puede tener arritmia debido a la insuficiencia respiratoria, es posible que se someta a un electrocardiograma. Esta es una prueba simple e indolora que detecta y registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nEl tratamiento para la insuficiencia respiratoria depende de:\n• Si es aguda (de corto plazo) o crónica (en curso)\n• Qué tan grave es\n• Su causa\nLa insuficiencia respiratoria aguda puede ser una emergencia médica. Es posible que necesite tratamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital. La insuficiencia respiratoria crónica a menudo se puede tratar en casa. Pero si su insuficiencia respiratoria crónica es grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un centro de atención a largo plazo.\nUno de los objetivos principales del tratamiento es llevar oxígeno a los pulmones y otros órganos y eliminar el dióxido de carbono de su cuerpo. Otro objetivo es tratar la causa de la afección. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Terapia con oxígeno: Se realiza a través de una cánula nasal (dos pequeños tubos de plástico que se introducen en las fosas nasales) o mediante una máscara que se coloca sobre la nariz y la boca\n• Traqueotomía: es un orificio creado quirúrgicamente que atraviesa la parte frontal del cuello y llega a la tráquea. Luego se coloca en el orificio un tubo respiratorio, también llamado cánula de traqueotomía o tubo traqueal, para ayudarle a respirar\n• Ventilador: Máquina de respiración que sopla aire en sus pulmones. También saca el dióxido de carbono de sus pulmones\n• Otros tratamientos respiratorios: Como ventilación con presión positiva no invasiva, que utiliza una presión de aire moderada para mantener abiertas las vías respiratorias mientras duerme. Otro tratamiento es una cama especial que se mueve hacia adelante y hacia atrás para ayudarlo a inhalar y exhalar\n• Fluidos: A menudo por vía intravenosa para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo en todo el cuerpo. También proporcionan nutrición\n• Medicamentos para el malestar\n• Tratamientos para la causa de la insuficiencia respiratoria: Estos pueden incluir medicamentos y procedimientos\nSi tiene insuficiencia respiratoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica para obtener atención médica continua. Su proveedor puede sugerir rehabilitación pulmonar.\nSi su insuficiencia respiratoria es crónica, asegúrese de saber cuándo y dónde conseguir ayuda para sus síntomas. Si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar, necesita atención de emergencia. Debe llamar a su proveedor si nota que sus síntomas están empeorando o si presenta nuevos signos y síntomas.\nVivir con insuficiencia respiratoria puede causar temor, ansiedad, depresión y estrés. La terapia conversacional, los medicamentos y los grupos de apoyo pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0301","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pulmonary-eosinophilia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pulmonary-eosinophilia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J82","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"CB02.Z","display":"Pulmonary eosinophilia, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/544479555/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#544479555/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pulmonary eosinophilia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eozinofilie pulmonară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط الحمضات الرئوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Plicní eozinofilie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eosinophile Lungenerkrankung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονική ηωσινοφιλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eosinofilia pulmonar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Éosinophilie pulmonaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फुफ्फुसीय इओसिनोफिलिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pulmonális eozinofília","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eosinofilia polmonare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"好酸球性肺疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"폐 호산구증가증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eozynofilia płucna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eosinofilia pulmonar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лёгочная эозинофилия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pľúcna eozinofília","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pulmoner eozinofili","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Легенева еозинофілія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肺嗜酸性粒细胞增多症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eosinophilic Disorders","text":"Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. They help fight off infections and play a role in your body's immune response. They can also build up and cause inflammation.\nNormally your blood doesn't have a large number of eosinophils. Your body may produce more of them in response to:\n• Allergic disorders\n• Skin conditions\n• Parasitic and fungal infections\n• Autoimmune diseases\n• Some cancers\n• Bone marrow disorders\nIn some conditions, the eosinophils can move outside the bloodstream and build up in organs and tissues. This can happen in many different parts of the body, including the esophagus, heart, lungs, blood, and intestines. Treatment of eosinophilic disorders can vary, depending on the cause and which part of the body is affected. Steroids are often part of the treatment.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Desórdenes eosinofílicos","text":"Los eosinófilos son un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Ayudan a combatir las infecciones y juegan un rol en la respuesta inmunológica del cuerpo. También se pueden acumular y causar inflamación.\nNormalmente, la sangre no contiene un gran número de eosinófilos. El organismo puede producir más de ellos en respuesta a:\n• Trastornos alérgicos\n• Afecciones de la piel\n• Infecciones de parásitos o micóticas\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes\n• Algunos tipos de cáncer\n• Trastornos de la médula ósea\nEn algunos cuadros, los eosinófilos pueden salir del torrente sanguíneo hacia algunos órganos y tejidos. Esto puede ocurrir en diferentes partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el esófago, corazón, pulmones, sangre e intestinos. El tratamiento puede variar, dependiendo de la causa y de la parte del cuerpo afectada. Con frecuencia, el tratamiento usa en parte corticoides.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0302","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"respiratory-failure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/respiratory-failure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"J96","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Respiratory failure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiență respiratorie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفشل التنفسي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Respirační selhání","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Respiratorische Insuffizienz (Lungenversagen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αναπνευστική ανεπάρκεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiencia respiratoria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuffisance respiratoire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्वसन विफलता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Légzési elégtelenség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insufficienza respiratoria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"呼吸不全","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"호흡부전","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niewydolność oddechowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiência respiratória","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дыхательная недостаточность","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Respiračné zlyhanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Solunum yetmezliği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дихальна недостатність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"呼吸衰竭","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Respiratory Failure","text":"What is respiratory failure?\nRespiratory failure is a condition in which your blood doesn't have enough oxygen or has too much carbon dioxide. Sometimes you can have both problems.\nWhen you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen. The oxygen passes into your blood, which carries it to your organs. Your organs, such as your heart and brain, need this oxygen-rich blood to work well.\nAnother part of breathing is removing the carbon dioxide from the blood and breathing it out. Having too much carbon dioxide in your blood can harm your organs.\nWhat causes respiratory failure?\nConditions that affect your breathing can cause respiratory failure. These conditions may affect the muscles, nerves, bones, or tissues that support breathing. Or they may affect the lungs directly. These conditions include:\n• Diseases that affect the lungs, such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and COVID-19\n• Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles that control breathing, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injuries, and stroke\n• Problems with the spine, such as scoliosis (a curve in the spine). They can affect the bones and muscles used for breathing.\n• Damage to the tissues and ribs around the lungs. An injury to the chest can cause this damage.\n• Drug or alcohol overdose\n• Inhalation injuries, such as from inhaling smoke (from fires) or harmful fumes\nWhat are the symptoms of respiratory failure?\nThe symptoms of respiratory failure depend on the cause and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.\nA low oxygen level in the blood can cause shortness of breath and air hunger (the feeling that you can't breathe in enough air). Your skin, lips, and fingernails may also have a bluish color. A high carbon dioxide level can cause rapid breathing and confusion.\nSome people who have respiratory failure may become very sleepy or lose consciousness. They also may have arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). You may have these symptoms if your brain and heart are not getting enough oxygen.\nHow is respiratory failure diagnosed?\nYour health care provider will diagnose respiratory failure based on:\n• Your medical history\n• A physical exam, which often includes\n• Listening to your lungs to check for abnormal sounds\n• Listening to your heart to check for arrhythmia\n• Looking for a bluish color on your skin, lips, and fingernails\n• Diagnostic tests, such as\n• Pulse oximetry, a small sensor that uses a light to measure how much oxygen is in your blood. The sensor goes on the end of your finger or on your ear.\n• Arterial blood gas test, a test that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood. The blood sample is taken from an artery, usually in your wrist.\nOnce you are diagnosed with respiratory failure, your provider will look for what is causing it. Tests for this often include a chest x-ray. If your provider thinks you may have arrhythmia because of the respiratory failure, you may have an EKG (electrocardiogram). This is simple, painless test that detects and records your heart's electrical activity.\nWhat are the treatments for respiratory failure?\nTreatment for respiratory failure depends on:\n• Whether it is acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing)\n• How severe it is\n• What is causing it\nAcute respiratory failure can be a medical emergency. You may need treatment in intensive care unit at a hospital. Chronic respiratory failure can often be treated at home. But if your chronic respiratory failure is severe, you might need treatment in a long-term care center.\nOne of the main goals of treatment is to get oxygen to your lungs and other organs and remove carbon dioxide from your body. Another goal is to treat the cause of the condition. Treatments may include:\n• Oxygen therapy, through a nasal cannula (two small plastic tubes that go in your nostrils) or through a mask that fits over your nose and mouth\n• Tracheostomy, a surgically-made hole that goes through the front of your neck and into your windpipe. A breathing tube, also called a tracheostomy, or trach tube, is placed in the hole to help you breathe.\n• Ventilator, a breathing machine that blows air into your lungs. It also carries carbon dioxide out of your lungs.\n• Other breathing treatments, such as noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), which uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open while you sleep. Another treatment is a special bed that rocks back and forth, to help you breathe in and out.\n• Fluids, often through an intravenous (IV), to improve blood flow throughout your body. They also provide nutrition.\n• Medicines for discomfort\n• Treatments for the cause of the respiratory failure. These treatments may include medicines and procedures.\nIf you have respiratory failure, see your health care provider for ongoing medical care. Your provider may suggest pulmonary rehabilitation.\nIf your respiratory failure is chronic, make sure that you know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You need emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. You should call your provider if you notice that your symptoms are worsening or if you have new signs and symptoms.\nLiving with respiratory failure may cause fear, anxiety, depression, and stress. Talk therapy, medicines, and support groups can help you feel better.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Insuficiencia respiratoria","text":"¿Qué es la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nLa insuficiencia respiratoria es una afección en la cual su sangre no tiene suficiente oxígeno o tiene demasiado dióxido de carbono. A veces puede tener ambos problemas.\nCuando respira, sus pulmones se llenan de oxígeno. El oxígeno pasa a su sangre, que lo lleva a sus órganos, como el corazón y el cerebro, que necesitan sangre rica en oxígeno para funcionar bien.\nOtra función de la respiración es eliminar el dióxido de carbono de la sangre al botar el aire. Tener demasiado dióxido de carbono en la sangre puede dañar sus órganos.\n¿Qué causa la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nLas enfermedades que afectan su respiración pueden causar insuficiencia respiratoria. Estas pueden afectar los músculos, nervios, huesos o tejidos que tienen que ver con la respiración. O pueden afectar directamente a los pulmones. Estas afecciones incluyen:\n• Enfermedades que afectan los pulmones, como la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), fibrosis quística, neumonía, embolia pulmonar y la COVID-19\n• Afecciones que afectan los nervios y músculos que controlan la respiración, como esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, distrofia muscular, lesiones de la médula espinal y accidente cerebrovascular\n• Problemas con la columna vertebral, como la escoliosis (una curvatura de la columna vertebral). Pueden afectar los huesos y músculos que se usan para respirar\n• Daño a los tejidos y costillas alrededor de los pulmones. Una lesión en el tórax puede causar este problema\n• Sobredosis de drogas o alcohol\n• Lesiones por inhalación, como inhalación de humo (de incendios) o gases nocivos\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nLos síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria dependen de la causa y los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre.\nUn nivel bajo de oxígeno en la sangre puede causar dificultad para respirar y falta de aire (la sensación de que no puede respirar suficiente aire). Su piel, labios y uñas pueden tener un color azulado. Un nivel alto de dióxido de carbono puede causar respiración rápida y confusión.\nAlgunas personas que tienen insuficiencia respiratoria pueden tener mucho sueño o perder el conocimiento. También pueden tener arritmia (latidos cardíacos irregulares). Es posible que tenga estos síntomas si su cerebro y corazón no reciben suficiente oxígeno.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nSu proveedor de atención médica diagnosticará la insuficiencia respiratoria basándose en:\n• Su historia clínica\n• Un examen físico, que a menudo incluye:\n• Escuchar sus pulmones para ver si hay sonidos anormales\n• Escuchar a su corazón para ver si hay arritmia\n• Observar si su piel, labios y uñas tienen un color azulado\n• Pruebas de diagnóstico, como:\n• Oximetría de pulso: Utiliza un pequeño sensor que usa una luz para medir la cantidad de oxígeno en su sangre. El sensor se coloca al final de su dedo o en su oreja\n• Prueba de gasometría arterial: Mide los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre. La muestra de sangre se toma de una arteria, generalmente en su muñeca\nUna vez que se diagnostica insuficiencia respiratoria, su proveedor de salud buscará la causa. A menudo, las pruebas incluyen una radiografía de tórax. Si su médico cree que puede tener arritmia debido a la insuficiencia respiratoria, es posible que se someta a un electrocardiograma. Esta es una prueba simple e indolora que detecta y registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia respiratoria?\nEl tratamiento para la insuficiencia respiratoria depende de:\n• Si es aguda (de corto plazo) o crónica (en curso)\n• Qué tan grave es\n• Su causa\nLa insuficiencia respiratoria aguda puede ser una emergencia médica. Es posible que necesite tratamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital. La insuficiencia respiratoria crónica a menudo se puede tratar en casa. Pero si su insuficiencia respiratoria crónica es grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un centro de atención a largo plazo.\nUno de los objetivos principales del tratamiento es llevar oxígeno a los pulmones y otros órganos y eliminar el dióxido de carbono de su cuerpo. Otro objetivo es tratar la causa de la afección. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Terapia con oxígeno: Se realiza a través de una cánula nasal (dos pequeños tubos de plástico que se introducen en las fosas nasales) o mediante una máscara que se coloca sobre la nariz y la boca\n• Traqueotomía: es un orificio creado quirúrgicamente que atraviesa la parte frontal del cuello y llega a la tráquea. Luego se coloca en el orificio un tubo respiratorio, también llamado cánula de traqueotomía o tubo traqueal, para ayudarle a respirar\n• Ventilador: Máquina de respiración que sopla aire en sus pulmones. También saca el dióxido de carbono de sus pulmones\n• Otros tratamientos respiratorios: Como ventilación con presión positiva no invasiva, que utiliza una presión de aire moderada para mantener abiertas las vías respiratorias mientras duerme. Otro tratamiento es una cama especial que se mueve hacia adelante y hacia atrás para ayudarlo a inhalar y exhalar\n• Fluidos: A menudo por vía intravenosa para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo en todo el cuerpo. También proporcionan nutrición\n• Medicamentos para el malestar\n• Tratamientos para la causa de la insuficiencia respiratoria: Estos pueden incluir medicamentos y procedimientos\nSi tiene insuficiencia respiratoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica para obtener atención médica continua. Su proveedor puede sugerir rehabilitación pulmonar.\nSi su insuficiencia respiratoria es crónica, asegúrese de saber cuándo y dónde conseguir ayuda para sus síntomas. Si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar, necesita atención de emergencia. Debe llamar a su proveedor si nota que sus síntomas están empeorando o si presenta nuevos signos y síntomas.\nVivir con insuficiencia respiratoria puede causar temor, ansiedad, depresión y estrés. La terapia conversacional, los medicamentos y los grupos de apoyo pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0303","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tooth-decay","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tooth-decay","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K02","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA08.0","display":"Dental caries","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1983306720","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1983306720"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dental caries","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tooth Decay","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Caries","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Carii dentare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تسوس الأسنان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zubní kaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Karies (Zahnfäule)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τερηδόνα των δοντιών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Caries dentaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दांतों की सड़न (कैविटी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fogszuvasodás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carie dentale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"う蝕（虫歯）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"치아 우식증(충치)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Próchnica zębów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cárie dentária","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кариес зубов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zubný kaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diş çürüğü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карієс зубів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"龋齿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cavities"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tooth Decay","text":"What is tooth decay?\nTooth decay is damage to a tooth's surface, or enamel. It happens when bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack the enamel. Tooth decay can lead to cavities (dental caries), which are holes in your teeth. If tooth decay is not treated, it can cause pain, infection, and even tooth loss.\nWhat causes tooth decay?\nOur mouths are full of bacteria. Some bacteria are helpful. But some can be harmful, including the ones that play a role in tooth decay. These bacteria combine with food to form a soft, sticky film called plaque. The bacteria in plaque use the sugar and starch in what you eat and drink to make acids. The acids begin to eat away at the minerals on your enamel. Over time, the plaque can harden into tartar. Besides damaging your teeth, plaque and tartar can also irritate your gums and cause gum disease.\nYou get fluoride from toothpaste, water, and other sources. This fluoride, along with your salvia, helps the enamel repair itself by replacing the minerals. Your teeth go through this natural process of losing minerals and regaining minerals all day long. But if you don't take care of your teeth and/or you eat and drink lots of sugary or starchy things, your enamel will keep losing minerals. This leads to tooth decay.\nA white spot may appear where minerals have been lost. This is an early sign of tooth decay. You may be able to stop or reverse the decay at this point. Your enamel can still repair itself, if you take better care of your teeth and limit sugary/starchy foods and drinks.\nBut if the tooth decay process continues, more minerals are lost. Over time, the enamel is weakened and destroyed, forming a cavity. A cavity is a hole in your tooth. It is permanent damage that a dentist has to repair with a filling.\nWho is at risk for tooth decay?\nThe main risk factors for tooth decay are not taking care of your teeth and having too many sugary or starchy foods and drinks.\nSome people have a higher risk of tooth decay, including people who:\n• Don't have enough saliva, because of medicines, certain diseases, or some cancer treatments\n• Don't get enough fluoride\n• Are very young. Babies and toddlers who drink from bottles are at risk, especially if they are given juice or get bottles at bedtime. This exposes their teeth to sugars for long periods of time.\n• Are older. Many older adults have receding gums and more wear on their teeth. These raise the risk of decay on the exposed root surfaces of their teeth.\nWhat are the symptoms of tooth decay and cavities?\nIn early tooth decay, you usually don't have symptoms. As tooth decay gets worse, it can cause:\n• A toothache (tooth pain)\n• Tooth sensitivity to sweets, hot, or cold\n• White or brown stains on the surface of a tooth\n• A cavity\n• An infection, which can lead to an abscess (pocket of pus) forming. The abscess can cause pain, facial swelling, and fever.\nHow are tooth decay and cavities diagnosed?\nDentists usually find tooth decay and cavities by looking at your teeth and probing them with dental instruments. Your dentist will also ask if you have any symptoms. Sometimes you may need a dental x-ray.\nWhat are the treatments for tooth decay and cavities?\nThere are several treatments for tooth decay and cavities. Which treatment you get depends on how bad the problem is:\n• Fluoride treatments. If you have early tooth decay, a fluoride treatment can help the enamel to repair itself.\n• Fillings. If you have a typical cavity, your dentist will remove the decayed tooth tissue and then restore the tooth by filling it with a filling material.\n• Root canal. If the damage to the tooth and/or an infection spreads to the pulp (inside of the tooth), you might need a root canal. Your dentist will remove the decayed pulp and clean inside the tooth and root. The next step is to fill the tooth with a temporary filling. Then you will need to come back to get a permanent filling or a crown (a cover on the tooth).\n• Extraction (pulling the tooth). In the most severe cases, when the damage to the pulp cannot be fixed, your dentist may pull the tooth. Your dentist will suggest that you get a bridge or implant to replace the missing tooth. Otherwise, the teeth next to the gap may move over and change your bite.\nCan tooth decay be prevented?\nThere are steps that you can take to prevent tooth decay:\n• Make sure that you get enough fluoride by\n• Brushing with a fluoride toothpaste\n• Drinking tap water with fluoride. Most bottled water does not contain fluoride.\n• Using fluoride mouth rinse\n• Practice good oral health by brushing your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and regularly flossing your teeth\n• Make smart food choices by limiting foods and drinks that are high in sugars and starches. Eat nutritious, balanced meals and limit snacking.\n• Do not use tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco. If you currently use tobacco, consider quitting.\n• See a dentist for regular check-ups and professional cleanings\n• Make sure that your children get sealants on their teeth. Dental sealants are thin plastic coatings that protect the chewing surfaces of the back teeth. Children should get sealants on their back teeth as soon as they come in, before decay can attack the teeth.\nNIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Caries","text":"¿Qué es una caries?\nLa caries es el daño en la superficie o esmalte de un diente. Ocurre cuando bacterias en la boca fabrican ácido que ataca el esmalte. Las caries son huecos en el diente. Si no son tratadas, pueden causar dolor, infección e incluso pérdida de dientes.\n¿Cuál es la causa de las caries?\nNuestras bocas están llenas de bacteria. Algunas bacterias son beneficiosas, pero otras dañinas, incluyendo las que causan las caries. Estas bacterias se mezclan con la comida para formar una capa pegajosa llamada placa bacteriana. Las bacterias usan el azúcar y el almidón que usted come y toma para fabricar ácidos. Estos ácidos corroen los minerales del esmalte. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece y forma el sarro. Además de dañar sus dientes, la placa y el sarro puede irritar sus encías y causar enfermedades de las encías.\nUsted obtiene el flúor de la pasta dental, agua y otras fuentes. Este flúor, junto a la saliva, ayuda al esmalte a repararse a sí mismo al reemplazar los minerales perdidos. Sus dientes pasan por este proceso de perder y recuperar minerales durante el día. Pero si no cuida sus dientes y/o come muchos alimentos azucarados, su esmalte seguirá perdiendo minerales. Esto conduce a la aparición de caries.\nPuede aparecer una mancha blanca donde se han perdido minerales. Este es un signo temprano de caries. Es posible que pueda detenerla o revertirla. Su esmalte aún puede repararse a sí mismo si cuida mejor sus dientes y limita los alimentos y bebidas azucarados o almidonados.\nPero si el proceso de caries dental continúa, se pierden más minerales. Con el tiempo, el esmalte se debilita y se destruye, formando una caries, o un agujero en su diente. Este es un daño permanente que un dentista tiene que reparar con un relleno.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de caries?\nLos principales factores de riesgo de caries dental son descuidar sus dientes y consumir demasiadas comidas y bebidas azucaradas o con almidón.\nAlgunas personas tienen un mayor riesgo de caries dentales, incluyendo quieres:\n• No tienen suficiente saliva debido a medicamentos, ciertas enfermedades o algunos tratamientos para el cáncer\n• No obtener suficiente flúor\n• Son muy jóvenes. Los bebés y niños pequeños que toman biberón están en riesgo, especialmente si se les da jugo o se los toman a la hora de acostarse. Esto expone sus dientes a los azúcares durante largos períodos de tiempo\n• Son mayores. Muchos adultos mayores tienen encías en retroceso y más desgaste en sus dientes. Estos aumentan el riesgo de caries en las superficies expuestas de las raíces de sus dientes\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las caries?\nLa caries dental temprana por lo general no tiene síntomas. A medida que la caries empeora, puede causar:\n• Dolor de dientes\n• Sensibilidad a los dulces, calientes o fríos\n• Manchas blancas o marrones en la superficie de un diente\n• Un hueco\n• Una infección que puede provocar la formación de un absceso (bolsa de pus). El absceso puede causar dolor, hinchazón facial y fiebre\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las caries?\nEn general, los dentistas encuentran caries al observar sus dientes y examinarlos con instrumentos dentales. Su dentista también le preguntará si tiene algún síntoma. A veces es posible que necesite una radiografía dental.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las caries?\nExisten varios tratamientos para la caries dental. El tratamiento que reciba depende de qué tan serio sea el problema:\n• Tratamientos con flúor: Si tiene caries dental temprana, un tratamiento con flúor puede ayudar al esmalte a repararse por sí mismo\n• Rellenos: Si tiene una caries típica, su dentista removerá el tejido dental cariado y luego lo restaurará llenándolo con un material de relleno\n• Tratamiento de conducto: Si el daño al diente y/o una infección se extienden a la pulpa (interior del diente), es posible que necesite una endodoncia. Su dentista extirpará la pulpa cariada y limpiará el interior del diente y la raíz. El siguiente paso es tapar el diente con un relleno temporal. Luego tendrá que regresar para obtener un relleno permanente o una corona (una cubierta en el diente)\n• Extracción: En los casos más severos, cuando el daño a la pulpa no puede ser reparado, su dentista puede sacar el diente. Su dentista le sugerirá que obtenga un puente o implante para reemplazar la pieza faltante. De lo contrario, los dientes junto a la pieza extraída pueden moverse y cambiar su mordida\n¿Se puede prevenir la caries dental?\nHay pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la caries dental:\n• Obtenga suficiente flúor\n• Cepíllese con una pasta dental con flúor\n• Beba agua del grifo con flúor. La mayoría del agua embotellada no contiene flúor\n• Use un enjuague bucal con flúor\n• Practique una buena salud bucal al cepillarse los dientes dos veces al día con una pasta dental con fluoruro y usar hilo dental regularmente\n• Opte por alimentos y bebidas que no tengan un alto contenido de azúcares y almidones. Consuma comidas nutritivas, balanceadas y limite las meriendas\n• No use productos de tabaco, incluido el tabaco sin humo. Si actualmente consume tabaco, considere dejar de fumar\n• Visite a un dentista para chequeos regulares y limpiezas profesionales\n• Asegúrese de que a sus hijos le sellen los dientes. Los selladores dentales son recubrimientos plásticos delgados que protegen las superficies de los dientes posteriores. Los niños deben ponerse selladores en sus dientes traseros tan pronto salgan, antes de que las caries puedan atacar los dientes\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0304","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"gum-disease-gingivitis-and-periodontitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/gum-disease-gingivitis-and-periodontitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K05","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gingivită și boală parodontală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب اللثة وأمراض دواعم السن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět dásní a onemocnění parodontu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zahnfleischentzündung und Parodontitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ουλίτιδα και περιοδοντική νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gingivitis y enfermedad periodontal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gingivite et maladies parodontales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मसूड़ों का रोग (मसूड़े की सूजन और पेरियोडोंटाइटिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ínygyulladás és fogágybetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gengivite e malattia parodontale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"歯肉炎・歯周病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"치은염 및 치주질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie dziąseł i choroby przyzębia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gengivite e doença periodontal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гингивит и пародонтит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal ďasien a ochorenia parodontu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diş eti iltihabı ve periodontal hastalık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гінгівіт і пародонтит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"牙龈炎和牙周病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gum Disease","text":"If you have gum disease, you're not alone. Many U.S. adults currently have some form of the disease. It ranges from simple gum inflammation, called gingivitis, to serious damage to the tissue and bone supporting the teeth. In the worst cases, you can lose teeth.\nIn gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen. They can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease. You can usually reverse it with daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings by a dentist or dental hygienist. Untreated gingivitis can lead to periodontitis. If you have periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets that become infected. If not treated, the bones, gums and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed.\nNIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las encías","text":"Si tiene una enfermedad en las encías, usted no es el único. Muchos adultos en los Estados Unidos actualmente tienen alguna forma de la enfermedad. Varía desde una simple inflamación de las encías, llamada gingivitis, a graves daños en los tejidos y huesos que sostienen los dientes. En el peor de los casos, usted puede perder los dientes.\nEn la gingivitis, las encías están enrojecidas e hinchadas. Pueden sangrar con facilidad. La gingivitis es una forma leve de enfermedad de las encías. Por lo general, se puede revertir con el cepillado diario y limpieza con hilo dental y limpiezas regulares por un dentista o higienista dental. La gingivitis no tratada puede llevar a la periodontitis. Si tiene periodontitis, las encías se despegan de los dientes y forman pequeñas bolsas que se infectan. De no tratarse, las encías y el tejido donde se apoyan los dientes se destruyen.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0305","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-gum-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-gum-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K06","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other gum disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale gingiei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في اللثة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy dásní","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Erkrankungen des Zahnfleisches","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές των ούλων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos de las encías","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections de la gencive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मसूड़ों के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az íny egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi delle gengive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の歯肉の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 잇몸 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby dziąseł","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da gengiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни дёсен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy ďasien","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer diş eti bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби ясен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他牙龈疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gum Disease","text":"If you have gum disease, you're not alone. Many U.S. adults currently have some form of the disease. It ranges from simple gum inflammation, called gingivitis, to serious damage to the tissue and bone supporting the teeth. In the worst cases, you can lose teeth.\nIn gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen. They can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease. You can usually reverse it with daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings by a dentist or dental hygienist. Untreated gingivitis can lead to periodontitis. If you have periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets that become infected. If not treated, the bones, gums and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed.\nNIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las encías","text":"Si tiene una enfermedad en las encías, usted no es el único. Muchos adultos en los Estados Unidos actualmente tienen alguna forma de la enfermedad. Varía desde una simple inflamación de las encías, llamada gingivitis, a graves daños en los tejidos y huesos que sostienen los dientes. En el peor de los casos, usted puede perder los dientes.\nEn la gingivitis, las encías están enrojecidas e hinchadas. Pueden sangrar con facilidad. La gingivitis es una forma leve de enfermedad de las encías. Por lo general, se puede revertir con el cepillado diario y limpieza con hilo dental y limpiezas regulares por un dentista o higienista dental. La gingivitis no tratada puede llevar a la periodontitis. Si tiene periodontitis, las encías se despegan de los dientes y forman pequeñas bolsas que se infectan. De no tratarse, las encías y el tejido donde se apoyan los dientes se destruyen.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0306","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cysts-of-the-mouth-area","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cysts-of-the-mouth-area","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K09","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cysts of the mouth area","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Chisturi ale regiunii bucale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أكياس منطقة الفم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cysty ústní oblasti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zysten der Mundregion","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κύστεις της στοματικής περιοχής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Quistes de la región oral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Kystes de la région buccale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मुंह क्षेत्र की पुटियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A szájtájék cisztái","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cisti della regione orale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口腔領域の嚢胞","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구강 부위 낭종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Torbiele okolicy jamy ustnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Quistos da região oral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кисты области рта","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cysty ústnej oblasti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağız bölgesi kistleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кісти ділянки рота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"口腔区囊肿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mouth Disorders","text":"Your mouth is one of the most important parts of your body. It has many different functions. It allows you to:\n• Take in food and drink\n• Breathe in air\n• Start digestion, with your teeth chewing the food you eat and your salivary glands releasing saliva to help break down the food\n• Speak and sing\n• Show emotion, by smiling or pouting\nAny problem that affects your mouth can make it hard to eat, drink, or even smile. Some common mouth problems include:\n• Cold sores - painful sores on the lips and around the mouth, caused by a virus\n• Canker sores - painful sores in the mouth, caused by bacteria or viruses\n• Thrush - a yeast infection that causes white patches in your mouth\n• Leukoplakia - white patches of excess cell growth on the cheeks, gums or tongue, common in smokers\n• Dry mouth - a lack of enough saliva, caused by some medicines and certain diseases\n• Gum or tooth problems\n• Bad breath\nTreatment for mouth disorders varies, depending on the problem. If a mouth problem is caused by some other disease, treating that disease can help. It is also important to keep your mouth clean and healthy by brushing, flossing, and not using tobacco.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la boca","text":"La boca es una de las partes más importantes de su cuerpo. Cumple muchas funciones diferentes. Le permite:\n• Consumir alimentos y líquidos\n• Inhalar y exhalar aire\n• Comenzar la digestión, con sus dientes masticando la comida y sus glándulas salivales produciendo saliva que ayuda a ablandar los alimentos\n• Hablar y cantar\n• Demostrar emociones, como sonreír o hacer pucheros\nCualquier problema que afecte la boca puede dificultarle comer, beber o hasta sonreír. Algunos problemas comunes de la boca son:\n• Herpes labial: Llagas dolorosas en los labios y alrededor de la boca causadas por un virus\n• Aftas bucales: Úlceras dolorosas en la boca, causadas por bacterias o virus\n• Muguet o candidiasis oral: Infección por cándida que causa manchas blancas en la boca\n• Leucoplaquia: Parches blancos formados por exceso de crecimiento celular en la mucosa de las mejillas, las encías o la lengua, común en los fumadores\n• Boca seca: Falta de suficiente saliva, causada por algunas medicinas y enfermedades\n• Problemas en las encías o los dientes\n• Mal aliento\nEl tratamiento de los trastornos de la boca varía dependiendo del problema. Si el problema de la boca es causado por otra afección, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar. Es importante mantener la boca limpia mediante el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental en forma frecuente, y evitar el tabaco.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0307","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"salivary-gland-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/salivary-gland-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K11","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Salivary gland diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boli ale glandelor salivare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض الغدد اللعابية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nemoci slinných žláz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krankheiten der Speicheldrüsen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παθήσεις των σιελογόνων αδένων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladies des glandes salivaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लार ग्रंथियों के रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A nyálmirigyek betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattie delle ghiandole salivari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"唾液腺疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"침샘 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby ślinianek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doenças das glândulas salivares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни слюнных желёз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Choroby slinných žliaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tükürük bezi hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби слинних залоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"唾液腺疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Salivary Gland Disorders","text":"Your salivary glands are in your mouth. You have three pairs of major salivary glands and hundreds of small (minor) glands. They make saliva (spit) and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs.\nProblems with salivary glands can cause them to become irritated and swollen. You may have symptoms such as:\n• A bad taste in your mouth\n• Difficulty opening your mouth\n• Dry mouth\n• Pain in your face or mouth\n• Swelling of your face or neck\nCauses of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or cancer. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as mumps or Sjogren's syndrome.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales","text":"Sus glándulas salivales se ubican en su boca. Usted tiene tres pares de glándulas salivales grandes y cientos de glándulas pequeñas. Estas producen saliva, también llamada esputo, y la segregan hacia la boca a través de aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva ablanda los alimentos, lo que ayuda a masticarlos y tragarlos. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia la boca y contiene anticuerpos que pueden matar gérmenes.\nLos problemas de las glándulas salivales pueden irritarlas e inflamarlas. Usted puede tener síntomas como:\n• Un mal sabor en la boca\n• Dificultad para abrir la boca\n• Boca seca\n• Dolor en su cara o boca\n• Inflamación en su cara o cuello\nEntre las causas de los problemas en las glándulas salivales se incluyen las infecciones, la obstrucción y el cáncer. Los problemas también pueden deberse a otros trastornos, tales como las paperas o el síndrome de Sjögren.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0308","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"mouth-ulcers-and-stomatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/mouth-ulcers-and-stomatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K12","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA01.Z","display":"Disorder of oral mucosa, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/569611257/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#569611257/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mouth ulcers and stomatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afte bucale și stomatită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تقرحات الفم والتهاب الفم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Afty a zánět ústní sliznice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mundgeschwüre und Mundschleimhautentzündung (Stomatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άφθες και στοματίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aftas bucales y estomatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aphtes et stomatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मुंह के छाले और स्टोमेटाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szájfekély és szájnyálkahártya-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Afte orali e stomatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口内炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구내염(입안 궤양)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Afty i zapalenie jamy ustnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aftas e estomatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Афты и стоматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Afty a zápal ústnej sliznice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağız yaraları (aft) ve stomatit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Афти і стоматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"口腔溃疡和口炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mouth Disorders","text":"Your mouth is one of the most important parts of your body. It has many different functions. It allows you to:\n• Take in food and drink\n• Breathe in air\n• Start digestion, with your teeth chewing the food you eat and your salivary glands releasing saliva to help break down the food\n• Speak and sing\n• Show emotion, by smiling or pouting\nAny problem that affects your mouth can make it hard to eat, drink, or even smile. Some common mouth problems include:\n• Cold sores - painful sores on the lips and around the mouth, caused by a virus\n• Canker sores - painful sores in the mouth, caused by bacteria or viruses\n• Thrush - a yeast infection that causes white patches in your mouth\n• Leukoplakia - white patches of excess cell growth on the cheeks, gums or tongue, common in smokers\n• Dry mouth - a lack of enough saliva, caused by some medicines and certain diseases\n• Gum or tooth problems\n• Bad breath\nTreatment for mouth disorders varies, depending on the problem. If a mouth problem is caused by some other disease, treating that disease can help. It is also important to keep your mouth clean and healthy by brushing, flossing, and not using tobacco.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la boca","text":"La boca es una de las partes más importantes de su cuerpo. Cumple muchas funciones diferentes. Le permite:\n• Consumir alimentos y líquidos\n• Inhalar y exhalar aire\n• Comenzar la digestión, con sus dientes masticando la comida y sus glándulas salivales produciendo saliva que ayuda a ablandar los alimentos\n• Hablar y cantar\n• Demostrar emociones, como sonreír o hacer pucheros\nCualquier problema que afecte la boca puede dificultarle comer, beber o hasta sonreír. Algunos problemas comunes de la boca son:\n• Herpes labial: Llagas dolorosas en los labios y alrededor de la boca causadas por un virus\n• Aftas bucales: Úlceras dolorosas en la boca, causadas por bacterias o virus\n• Muguet o candidiasis oral: Infección por cándida que causa manchas blancas en la boca\n• Leucoplaquia: Parches blancos formados por exceso de crecimiento celular en la mucosa de las mejillas, las encías o la lengua, común en los fumadores\n• Boca seca: Falta de suficiente saliva, causada por algunas medicinas y enfermedades\n• Problemas en las encías o los dientes\n• Mal aliento\nEl tratamiento de los trastornos de la boca varía dependiendo del problema. Si el problema de la boca es causado por otra afección, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar. Es importante mantener la boca limpia mediante el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental en forma frecuente, y evitar el tabaco.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0309","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-diseases-of-the-lips-and-lining-of-the-mouth","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-diseases-of-the-lips-and-lining-of-the-mouth","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K13","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other diseases of the lips and lining of the mouth","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale buzelor și mucoasei bucale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في الشفاه والغشاء المخاطي للفم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci rtů a ústní sliznice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten der Lippe und der Mundschleimhaut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις των χειλιών και του στοματικού βλεννογόνου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades de los labios y la mucosa oral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies des lèvres et de la muqueuse buccale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"होंठों और मुंह की परत के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az ajkak és a szájnyálkahártya egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie delle labbra e della mucosa orale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の口唇・口腔粘膜の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 입술 및 구강 점막 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby warg i błony śluzowej jamy ustnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças dos lábios e da mucosa oral","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни губ и слизистой оболочки рта","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby pier a ústnej sliznice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer dudak ve ağız mukozası hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби губ і слизової оболонки рота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他唇和口腔黏膜疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Mouth Disorders","text":"Your mouth is one of the most important parts of your body. It has many different functions. It allows you to:\n• Take in food and drink\n• Breathe in air\n• Start digestion, with your teeth chewing the food you eat and your salivary glands releasing saliva to help break down the food\n• Speak and sing\n• Show emotion, by smiling or pouting\nAny problem that affects your mouth can make it hard to eat, drink, or even smile. Some common mouth problems include:\n• Cold sores - painful sores on the lips and around the mouth, caused by a virus\n• Canker sores - painful sores in the mouth, caused by bacteria or viruses\n• Thrush - a yeast infection that causes white patches in your mouth\n• Leukoplakia - white patches of excess cell growth on the cheeks, gums or tongue, common in smokers\n• Dry mouth - a lack of enough saliva, caused by some medicines and certain diseases\n• Gum or tooth problems\n• Bad breath\nTreatment for mouth disorders varies, depending on the problem. If a mouth problem is caused by some other disease, treating that disease can help. It is also important to keep your mouth clean and healthy by brushing, flossing, and not using tobacco.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la boca","text":"La boca es una de las partes más importantes de su cuerpo. Cumple muchas funciones diferentes. Le permite:\n• Consumir alimentos y líquidos\n• Inhalar y exhalar aire\n• Comenzar la digestión, con sus dientes masticando la comida y sus glándulas salivales produciendo saliva que ayuda a ablandar los alimentos\n• Hablar y cantar\n• Demostrar emociones, como sonreír o hacer pucheros\nCualquier problema que afecte la boca puede dificultarle comer, beber o hasta sonreír. Algunos problemas comunes de la boca son:\n• Herpes labial: Llagas dolorosas en los labios y alrededor de la boca causadas por un virus\n• Aftas bucales: Úlceras dolorosas en la boca, causadas por bacterias o virus\n• Muguet o candidiasis oral: Infección por cándida que causa manchas blancas en la boca\n• Leucoplaquia: Parches blancos formados por exceso de crecimiento celular en la mucosa de las mejillas, las encías o la lengua, común en los fumadores\n• Boca seca: Falta de suficiente saliva, causada por algunas medicinas y enfermedades\n• Problemas en las encías o los dientes\n• Mal aliento\nEl tratamiento de los trastornos de la boca varía dependiendo del problema. Si el problema de la boca es causado por otra afección, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar. Es importante mantener la boca limpia mediante el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental en forma frecuente, y evitar el tabaco.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0310","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tongue-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tongue-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K14","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA03.Z","display":"Diseases of tongue, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/928435705/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#928435705/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tongue diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boli ale limbii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض اللسان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nemoci jazyka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krankheiten der Zunge","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παθήσεις της γλώσσας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedades de la lengua","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladies de la langue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"जीभ के रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A nyelv betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattie della lingua","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"舌の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"혀 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby języka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doenças da língua","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни языка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Choroby jazyka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dil hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби язика","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"舌病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tongue Disorders","text":"Your tongue helps you taste, swallow, and chew. You also use it to speak. Your tongue is made up of many muscles. The upper surface contains your taste buds.\nProblems with the tongue include:\n• Pain\n• Swelling\n• Changes in color or texture\n• Abnormal movement or difficulty moving the tongue\n• Taste problems\nThese problems can have many different causes. Treatment depends on the underlying problem.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tonguedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos de la lengua","text":"La lengua ayuda a saborear la comida, a tragar y a masticar. También se usa para hablar. Está compuesta de varios músculos. La superficie contiene las papilas gustativas.\nLos problemas de la lengua incluyen:\n• Dolor\n• Hinchazón\n• Cambios de color o de textura\n• Movimientos anormales o dificultad para moverla\n• Trastornos del gusto\nEstos problemas pueden ser causados por varias razones. El tratamiento dependerá de éstas razones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonguedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0311","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acid-reflux-gerd","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acid-reflux-gerd","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K21","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA22.Z","display":"Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1391387859/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1391387859/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acid reflux (GERD)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală de reflux gastroesofagian","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء الارتجاع المعدي المريئي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Gastroezofageální refluxní choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Refluxkrankheit (Sodbrennen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γαστροοισοφαγική παλινδρόμηση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Reflux gastro-œsophagien (RGO)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एसिड रिफ्लक्स (जीईआरडी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gastrooesophagealis reflux-betegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胃食道逆流症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"위식도 역류질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba refluksowa przełyku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Gastroezofágová refluxová choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胃食管反流病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"GERD","text":"What is GERD?\nSometimes, after eating a large meal or lying down too soon after eating, you might feel acid coming up into your throat. This is called gastroesophageal reflux (GER). It happens when the muscle at the end of your esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach) doesn't close properly. Stomach contents can then move back up and irritate the esophagus.\nHaving reflux occasionally is common. But if you have symptoms two or more times a week or if they cause damage to the lining of your esophagus, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a chronic (long-lasting) condition that can cause discomfort and, over time, lead to other health problems.\nAnyone can have GERD, including infants and children.\nWhat causes GERD?\nGERD can happen when the muscle at the bottom of your esophagus becomes weak or relaxes at the wrong time. You are more likely to have GERD if you:\n• Are overweight or have obesity\n• Are pregnant\n• Smoke or are around secondhand smoke\n• Have a hiatal hernia (when part of the stomach pushes up into the chest)\nCertain foods, drinks, or medicines can also make GERD worse.\nWhat are common symptoms of GERD?\nThe most common symptom of GERD is heartburn. This is a burning feeling in your chest or throat. You can also have GERD without having heartburn. Other symptoms may include:\n• Tasting acid or food in the back of your mouth\n• A dry cough or hoarse voice\n• Asthma-like symptoms\n• Trouble swallowing\nGet medical help right away if you have chest pain with shortness of breath, or pain in your jaw or arm. These can be signs of a heart problem.\nHow is GERD diagnosed?\nYour health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may recommend tests such as:\n• Upper GI endoscopy to look at the esophagus and stomach lining with a tiny camera.\n• Biopsy to check a small tissue sample.\n• X-Ray to take pictures of the upper digestive system.\n• Esophageal pH test to measure how often acid backs up the esophagus and how long the acid stays there.\n• Esophageal manometry to check how well your esophagus moves food when you swallow.\n• Transnasal esophagoscopy to look for damage to the esophagus by using a small tube with a camera.\nHow is GERD treated?\nMost people can manage GERD with lifestyle changes and medicine. In rare cases, surgery is needed.\nLifestyle changes can include:\n• Eating smaller meals and avoiding lying down for at least 2-3 hours after eating\n• Avoiding foods that trigger symptoms, such as spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, or fatty foods\n• Losing weight if needed\n• Raising the head of your bed\n• Quitting smoking\nMedicines can include:\n• Over-the-counter medicines, such as antacids\n• Prescription medicines\nIf not treated, GERD can cause problems like inflammation of the esophagus, scarring, or changes in the tissue lining (Barrett's esophagus). It can also worsen asthma or cause chronic (long-term) cough or hoarseness.\nCan GERD be prevented?\nYou may be able to improve symptoms of GERD by:\n• Avoiding alcohol and trigger foods\n• Eating smaller meals\n• Not eating close to bedtime\n• Wearing loose-fitting clothes\n• Sleeping on your left side or raising the head of your bed\n• Maintaining a healthy weight\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Reflujo gastroesofágico","text":"¿Qué es el reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)?\nA veces, después de comer en exceso o acostarse demasiado pronto después de comer, puede sentir que el ácido le sube a la garganta. Esto se llama reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE). Ocurre cuando el músculo del final del esófago (el tubo que transporta los alimentos desde la boca hasta el estómago) no se cierra correctamente. El contenido estomacal puede entonces regresar e irritar el esófago.\nEs común tener reflujo ocasionalmente. Sin embargo, si presenta síntomas dos o más veces por semana o si estos dañan el revestimiento del esófago, podría tener enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). La ERGE es una afección crónica (de larga duración) que puede causar molestias y, con el tiempo, provocar otros problemas de salud.\nCualquier persona puede padecer ERGE, incluidos bebés y niños.\n¿Cuáles son las causas de la ERGE?\nLa ERGE puede ocurrir cuando el músculo de la parte inferior del esófago se debilita o se relaja en el momento equivocado. Es más probable que padezca ERGE si usted:\n• Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad\n• Está embarazada\n• Fuma o está expuesto al humo de segunda mano\n• Tiene una hernia de hiato (cuando parte del estómago se introduce en el tórax)\nCiertos alimentos, bebidas o medicamentos también pueden empeorar la ERGE.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas comunes de la ERGE?\nEl síntoma más común de la ERGE es la acidez estomacal. Se trata de una sensación de ardor en el pecho o la garganta. También se puede tener ERGE sin acidez estomacal. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Sabor ácido o a comida en la parte posterior de la boca\n• Tos seca o voz ronca\n• Síntomas similares al asma\n• Dificultad para tragar\nBusque atención médica de inmediato si presenta dolor de pecho acompañado de dificultad para respirar, o dolor en la mandíbula o el brazo. Estas pueden ser señales de un problema cardíaco.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la ERGE?\nSu profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica. Es posible que le recomiende pruebas como:\n• Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior para observar el esófago y la mucosa gástrica con una pequeña cámara\n• Biopsia para analizar una pequeña muestra de tejido\n• Radiografía para obtener imágenes del tracto digestivo superior\n• Prueba de pH esofágico para medir la frecuencia y la duración del reflujo ácido\n• Manometría esofágica para evaluar la eficacia del movimiento del esófago al tragar\n• Esofagoscopia transnasal para detectar daños en el esófago mediante un tubo delgado con una cámara\n¿Cómo se trata la ERGE?\nLa mayoría de las personas pueden controlar la ERGE con cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos. En casos excepcionales, es necesaria una cirugía.\nLos cambios en el estilo de vida pueden incluir:\n• Comer porciones más pequeñas y evitar acostarse durante al menos 2 o 3 horas después de comer\n• Evitar los alimentos que desencadenan síntomas, como las comidas picantes, el chocolate, la cafeína o las comidas grasosas\n• Bajar de peso si es necesario\n• Elevar la cabecera de la cama\n• Dejar de fumar\nLos medicamentos pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos sin receta médica, como antiácidos\n• Medicamentos con receta\nSi no se trata, la ERGE puede causar problemas como inflamación del esófago, cicatrices o cambios en el revestimiento del tejido (esófago de Barrett). También puede empeorar el asma o causar tos crónica (a largo plazo) o ronquera.\n¿Se puede prevenir la ERGE?\nUsted puede mejorar los síntomas de la ERGE si:\n• Evita el alcohol y los alimentos que lo desencadenan\n• Come porciones más pequeñas\n• No come cerca de la hora de acostarse\n• Usa ropa holgada\n• Duerme del lado izquierdo o con la cabecera de la cama elevada\n• Mantiene un peso saludable\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0122","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Gastroesophageal Reflux — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0258","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Gastroesophageal Reflux — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"SYM-0012","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Heartburn\" as a related topic of \"GERD\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0312","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"diseases-of-the-stomach-or-the-duodenum-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/diseases-of-the-stomach-or-the-duodenum-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K29","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA7Z","display":"Diseases of the stomach or the duodenum, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/914520008/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#914520008/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gastrită și duodenită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المعدة والاثني عشر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět žaludku a dvanáctníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Magenschleimhautentzündung (Gastritis) und Duodenitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γαστρίτιδα και δωδεκαδακτυλίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gastritis y duodenitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gastrite et duodénite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गैस्ट्राइटिस और ड्यूओडेनाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gyomor- és nyombélgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gastrite e duodenite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胃炎・十二指腸炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"위염 및 십이지장염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie żołądka i dwunastnicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gastrite e duodenite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гастрит и дуоденит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal žalúdka a dvanástnika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gastrit ve duodenit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гастрит і дуоденіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胃炎和十二指肠炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gastritis and duodenitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Stomach Disorders","text":"Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It is where digestion of protein begins. The stomach has three tasks. It stores swallowed food. It mixes the food with stomach acids. Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine.\nMost people have a problem with their stomach at one time or another. Indigestion and heartburn are common problems. You can relieve some stomach problems with over-the-counter medicines and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding fatty foods or eating more slowly. Other problems like peptic ulcers or GERD require medical attention.\nYou should see a doctor if you have any of the following:\n• Blood when you have a bowel movement\n• Severe abdominal pain\n• Heartburn not relieved by antacids\n• Unintended weight loss\n• Ongoing vomiting or diarrhea\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del estómago","text":"El estómago es un órgano que se encuentra entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. En él comienza la digestión de las proteínas. El estómago cumple con tres funciones. Almacena la comida deglutida. Mezcla la comida con los ácidos gástricos. Luego envía la mezcla hacia el intestino delgado.\nProbablemente ya tuvo un problema en el estómago alguna vez. La indigestión y la acidez son problemas comunes. Es posible aliviar algunos problemas gástricos con medicinas sin receta médica y cambios en el estilo de vida, tales como evitar las comidas grasosas o comer más lentamente. Otros problemas como las úlcera pépticas o la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico o ERGE necesitan atención médica.\nDebe ver a un médico si tiene alguno de los siguientes síntomas:\n• Presencia de sangre en las heces\n• Dolor abdominal severo\n• Acidez que no mejora con los antiácidos\n• Pérdida de peso no intencional\n• Vómitos o diarrea persistentes\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0313","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-stomach-and-duodenum-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-stomach-and-duodenum-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K31","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA7Z","display":"Diseases of the stomach or the duodenum, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/914520008/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#914520008/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other stomach and duodenum diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale stomacului și duodenului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في المعدة والاثني عشر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci žaludku a dvanáctníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Magens und des Zwölffingerdarms","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις του στομάχου και του δωδεκαδακτύλου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades del estómago y el duodeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies de l'estomac et du duodénum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट और ग्रहणी के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A gyomor és a nyombél egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie dello stomaco e del duodeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の胃・十二指腸の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 위 및 십이지장 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby żołądka i dwunastnicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças do estômago e do duodeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby žalúdka a dvanástnika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer mide ve onikiparmak bağırsağı hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби шлунка та дванадцятипалої кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他胃和十二指肠疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Stomach Disorders","text":"Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It is where digestion of protein begins. The stomach has three tasks. It stores swallowed food. It mixes the food with stomach acids. Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine.\nMost people have a problem with their stomach at one time or another. Indigestion and heartburn are common problems. You can relieve some stomach problems with over-the-counter medicines and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding fatty foods or eating more slowly. Other problems like peptic ulcers or GERD require medical attention.\nYou should see a doctor if you have any of the following:\n• Blood when you have a bowel movement\n• Severe abdominal pain\n• Heartburn not relieved by antacids\n• Unintended weight loss\n• Ongoing vomiting or diarrhea\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/stomachdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del estómago","text":"El estómago es un órgano que se encuentra entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. En él comienza la digestión de las proteínas. El estómago cumple con tres funciones. Almacena la comida deglutida. Mezcla la comida con los ácidos gástricos. Luego envía la mezcla hacia el intestino delgado.\nProbablemente ya tuvo un problema en el estómago alguna vez. La indigestión y la acidez son problemas comunes. Es posible aliviar algunos problemas gástricos con medicinas sin receta médica y cambios en el estilo de vida, tales como evitar las comidas grasosas o comer más lentamente. Otros problemas como las úlcera pépticas o la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico o ERGE necesitan atención médica.\nDebe ver a un médico si tiene alguno de los siguientes síntomas:\n• Presencia de sangre en las heces\n• Dolor abdominal severo\n• Acidez que no mejora con los antiácidos\n• Pérdida de peso no intencional\n• Vómitos o diarrea persistentes\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0314","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-appendicitis-without-localised-or-generalised-peritonitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-appendicitis-without-localised-or-generalised-peritonitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K35","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB10.02","display":"Acute appendicitis without localised or generalised peritonitis","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/752235","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#752235"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Apendicită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الزائدة الدودية الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět slepého střeva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Blinddarmentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία σκωληκοειδίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Apendicitis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Appendicite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र अपेंडिसाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut vakbélgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Appendicite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性虫垂炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 충수염(맹장염)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Apendicite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый аппендицит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal slepého čreva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut apandisit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий апендицит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性阑尾炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute appendicitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Appendicitis","text":"The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called peritonitis.\nThe main symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side. It is usually sudden and gets worse over time. Other symptoms may include:\n• Swelling in the abdomen\n• Loss of appetite\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Constipation or diarrhea\n• Inability to pass gas\n• Low fever\nNot everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.\nAppendicitis is a medical emergency. Treatment almost always involves removing the appendix. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/appendicitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Apendicitis","text":"El apéndice es un órgano pequeño, en forma de tubo, unido a la primera parte del intestino grueso. Está ubicada en la parte inferior derecha del abdomen y no tiene ninguna función conocida. La apendicitis es causada por un bloqueo en el interior del apéndice. Este bloqueo provoca un aumento de la presión, problemas con el flujo de la sangre e inflamación. Si el bloqueo no se trata, el apéndice puede romperse y diseminar la infección hacia el abdomen. Esta afección se llama peritonitis.\nEl síntoma principal es dolor en el abdomen, generalmente del lado derecho que va empeorando con el correr del tiempo. Otros síntomas pueden ser:\n• Hinchazón en el abdomen\n• Pérdida del apetito\n• Nausea y vómitos\n• Estreñimiento o diarrea\n• Incapacidad para eliminar gases\n• Fiebre baja\nHay que tener en cuenta que no todas las personas con apendicitis tienen estos síntomas.\nLa apendicitis es una urgencia médica. El tratamiento casi siempre implica la extirpación del apéndice. Cualquier persona puede padecer de apendicitis pero se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las personas de entre 10 y 30 años.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/appendicitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0315","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"appendicitis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/appendicitis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K36","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB10.Z","display":"Appendicitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1881255733/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1881255733/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte forme de apendicită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أنواع أخرى من التهاب الزائدة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná apendicitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Appendizitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλη σκωληκοειδίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras apendicitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres appendicites","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य अपेंडिसाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb vakbélgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre appendiciti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の虫垂炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 충수염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zapalenia wyrostka robaczkowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras apendicites","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие формы аппендицита","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iná apendicitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer apandisit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші форми апендициту","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他阑尾炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other appendicitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Appendicitis","text":"The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called peritonitis.\nThe main symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side. It is usually sudden and gets worse over time. Other symptoms may include:\n• Swelling in the abdomen\n• Loss of appetite\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Constipation or diarrhea\n• Inability to pass gas\n• Low fever\nNot everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.\nAppendicitis is a medical emergency. Treatment almost always involves removing the appendix. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/appendicitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Apendicitis","text":"El apéndice es un órgano pequeño, en forma de tubo, unido a la primera parte del intestino grueso. Está ubicada en la parte inferior derecha del abdomen y no tiene ninguna función conocida. La apendicitis es causada por un bloqueo en el interior del apéndice. Este bloqueo provoca un aumento de la presión, problemas con el flujo de la sangre e inflamación. Si el bloqueo no se trata, el apéndice puede romperse y diseminar la infección hacia el abdomen. Esta afección se llama peritonitis.\nEl síntoma principal es dolor en el abdomen, generalmente del lado derecho que va empeorando con el correr del tiempo. Otros síntomas pueden ser:\n• Hinchazón en el abdomen\n• Pérdida del apetito\n• Nausea y vómitos\n• Estreñimiento o diarrea\n• Incapacidad para eliminar gases\n• Fiebre baja\nHay que tener en cuenta que no todas las personas con apendicitis tienen estos síntomas.\nLa apendicitis es una urgencia médica. El tratamiento casi siempre implica la extirpación del apéndice. Cualquier persona puede padecer de apendicitis pero se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las personas de entre 10 y 30 años.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/appendicitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0316","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"appendicitis-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/appendicitis-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K37","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Appendicitis (not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Apendicită (nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الزائدة (غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Apendicitida (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Appendizitis (nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σκωληκοειδίτιδα (μη καθορισμένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Apendicitis (no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Appendicite (sans précision)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अपेंडिसाइटिस (अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vakbélgyulladás (nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Appendicite (non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"虫垂炎（詳細不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"충수염(상세불명)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie wyrostka (nieokreślone)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Apendicite (não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аппендицит (неуточнённый)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Apendicitída (neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Apandisit (belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Апендицит (неуточнений)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阑尾炎（未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Appendicitis","text":"The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called peritonitis.\nThe main symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side. It is usually sudden and gets worse over time. Other symptoms may include:\n• Swelling in the abdomen\n• Loss of appetite\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Constipation or diarrhea\n• Inability to pass gas\n• Low fever\nNot everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.\nAppendicitis is a medical emergency. Treatment almost always involves removing the appendix. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/appendicitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Apendicitis","text":"El apéndice es un órgano pequeño, en forma de tubo, unido a la primera parte del intestino grueso. Está ubicada en la parte inferior derecha del abdomen y no tiene ninguna función conocida. La apendicitis es causada por un bloqueo en el interior del apéndice. Este bloqueo provoca un aumento de la presión, problemas con el flujo de la sangre e inflamación. Si el bloqueo no se trata, el apéndice puede romperse y diseminar la infección hacia el abdomen. Esta afección se llama peritonitis.\nEl síntoma principal es dolor en el abdomen, generalmente del lado derecho que va empeorando con el correr del tiempo. Otros síntomas pueden ser:\n• Hinchazón en el abdomen\n• Pérdida del apetito\n• Nausea y vómitos\n• Estreñimiento o diarrea\n• Incapacidad para eliminar gases\n• Fiebre baja\nHay que tener en cuenta que no todas las personas con apendicitis tienen estos síntomas.\nLa apendicitis es una urgencia médica. El tratamiento casi siempre implica la extirpación del apéndice. Cualquier persona puede padecer de apendicitis pero se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las personas de entre 10 y 30 años.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/appendicitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0317","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-diseases-of-the-appendix","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-diseases-of-the-appendix","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K38","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB11.6","display":"Mucocele of appendix","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/159513245","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#159513245"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other diseases of the appendix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale apendicelui","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في الزائدة الدودية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci červovitého přívěsku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten der Appendix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις της σκωληκοειδούς απόφυσης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades del apéndice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies de l'appendice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अपेंडिक्स के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A féregnyúlvány egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie dell'appendice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の虫垂の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 충수 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby wyrostka robaczkowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças do apêndice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни аппендикса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby červovitého prívesku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer apendiks hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби апендикса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他阑尾疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Colonic Diseases","text":"Your colon, also known as the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It's a long, hollow tube at the end of your digestive tract where your body makes and stores stool. Many disorders affect the colon's ability to work properly. Some of these include:\n• Colorectal cancer\n• Colonic polyps - extra tissue growing in the colon that can become cancerous\n• Ulcerative colitis - ulcers of the colon and rectum\n• Diverticulitis - inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon\n• Irritable bowel syndrome - an uncomfortable condition causing abdominal cramping and other symptoms\nTreatment for colonic diseases varies greatly depending on the disease and its severity. Treatment may involve diet, medicines and in some cases, surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del colon","text":"El colon, también llamado intestino grueso, es parte de su sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo y hueco que se encuentra al final del sistema digestivo, en el cual el cuerpo produce y almacena las heces. Existen muchos trastornos que pueden afectar su capacidad para funcionar adecuadamente. Entre ellos:\n• Cáncer colorrectal\n• Pólipos del colon: crecimientos de tejido en el colon que pueden hacerse cancerosos\n• Colitis ulcerativa: úlceras en el colon y el recto\n• Diverticulitis: inflamación o infección de pequeños sacos o divertículos en el colon\n• Síndrome del intestino irritable: un cuadro molesto que causa cólicos abdominales y otros síntomas\nEl tratamiento de las enfermedades de colon varía ampliamente dependiendo de la enfermedad y su severidad. Puede incluir dieta, medicinas y, en algunos casos, la cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0318","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"crohn-s-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/crohn-s-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K50","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DD70.Z","display":"Crohn disease, unspecified site","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1267652425/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1267652425/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Crohn's Disease","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de Crohn","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala Crohn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء كرون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Crohnova nemoc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Morbus Crohn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος του Crohn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie de Crohn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"क्रोहन रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Crohn-betegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia di Crohn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"クローン病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"크론병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença de Crohn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезнь Крона","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Crohnova choroba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Crohn hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороба Крона","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"克罗恩病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Regional enteritis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Regional ileitis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ileocolitis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Crohn's Disease","text":"What is Crohn's disease?\nCrohn's disease is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes inflammation in your digestive tract. It can affect any part of your digestive tract, which runs from your mouth to your anus. But it usually affects your small intestine and the beginning of your large intestine.\nCrohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis and microscopic colitis are other common types of IBD.\nWhat causes Crohn's disease?\nThe cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. Researchers think that an autoimmune reaction may be one cause. An autoimmune reaction happens when your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body. Genetics may also play a role, since Crohn's disease can run in families.\nStress and eating certain foods don't cause the disease, but they can make your symptoms worse.\nWho is more likely to develop Crohn's disease?\nThere are certain factors that may raise your risk of Crohn's disease:\n• Family history of the disease. Having a parent, child, or sibling with the disease puts you at higher risk.\n• Smoking. This may double your risk of developing Crohn's disease.\n• Certain medicines, such as antibiotics, birth-control pills, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. These may slightly increase your chance of developing Crohn's.\n• A high-fat diet. This may also slightly increase your risk of Crohn's.\nWhat are the symptoms of Crohn's disease?\nThe symptoms of Crohn's disease can vary, depending where and how severe your inflammation is. The most common symptoms include:\n• Diarrhea\n• Cramping and pain in your abdomen\n• Weight loss\nSome other possible symptoms are:\n• Anemia, a condition in which you have fewer red blood cells than normal\n• Eye redness or pain\n• Fatigue\n• Fever\n• Joint pain or soreness\n• Nausea or loss of appetite\n• Skin changes that involve red, tender bumps under the skin\nStress and eating certain foods such as carbonated (fizzy) drinks and high-fiber foods may make some people's symptoms worse.\nWhat other problems can Crohn's disease cause?\nCrohn's disease can cause other problems, including:\n• Intestinal obstruction, a blockage in the intestine\n• Fistulas, abnormal connections between two parts inside of the body\n• Abscesses, pus-filled pockets of infection\n• Anal fissures, small tears in your anus that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding\n• Ulcers, open sores in your mouth, intestines, anus, or perineum\n• Malnutrition, when your body does not get the right amount of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients it needs\n• Inflammation in other areas of your body, such as your joints, eyes, and skin\nHow is Crohn's disease diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A family history\n• A physical exam, including:\n• Checking for bloating in your abdomen.\n• Listening to sounds within your abdomen using a stethoscope.\n• Tapping on your abdomen to check for tenderness and pain and to see if your liver or spleen is abnormal or enlarged.\n• Various tests, including:\n• Blood and stool tests.\n• A colonoscopy.\n• An upper GI endoscopy, a procedure in which your provider uses a scope to look inside your mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.\n• Diagnostic imaging tests, such as a CT scan or an upper GI series. An upper GI series uses a special liquid called barium and x-rays. Drinking the barium will make your upper GI tract more visible on an x-ray.\nWhat are the treatments for Crohn's disease?\nThere is no cure for Crohn's disease, but treatments can decrease inflammation in your intestines, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatments include medicines, bowel rest, and surgery. No single treatment works for everyone. You and your provider can work together to figure out which treatment is best for you:\n• Medicines for Crohn's include various medicines that decrease the inflammation. Many of these medicines do this by reducing the activity of your immune system. Certain medicines can also help with symptoms or complications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-diarrheal medicines. If your Crohn's causes an infection, you may need antibiotics.\n• Bowel rest involves drinking only certain liquids or not eating or drinking anything. This allows your intestines to rest. You may need to do this if your Crohn's disease symptoms are severe. You get your nutrients through drinking a liquid, a feeding tube, or an intravenous (IV) tube. You may need to do bowel rest in the hospital, or you may be able to do it at home. It will last for a few days or up to several weeks.\n• Surgery can treat complications and reduce symptoms when other treatments are not helping enough. The surgery will involve removing a damaged part of your digestive tract to treat:\n• Fistulas\n• Bleeding that is life threatening\n• Intestinal obstructions\n• Side effects from medicines when they threaten your health\n• Symptoms when medicines do not improve your condition\nChanging your diet can help reduce symptoms. Your provider may recommend that you make changes to your diet, such as:\n• Avoiding carbonated drinks\n• Avoiding popcorn, vegetable skins, nuts, and other high-fiber foods\n• Drinking more liquids\n• Eating smaller meals more often\n• Keeping a food diary to help identify foods that cause problems\nIn some cases, your provider may ask you to go on a special diet, such as a diet that is:\n• High calorie\n• Lactose free\n• Low fat\n• Low fiber\n• Low salt\nIf you are not absorbing enough nutrients, you may need to take nutritional supplements and vitamins.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de Crohn","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad de Crohn?\nLa enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) que causa inflamación en el tracto digestivo. Puede afectar cualquier parte de este tracto, que va desde su boca hasta su ano. Pero, en general, afecta el intestino delgado y el comienzo del intestino grueso.\nLa enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. La colitis ulcerosa y la colitis microscópica son otros tipos comunes de este trastorno.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Crohn?\nNo se conoce la causa de la enfermedad de Crohn. Los investigadores piensan que una reacción autoinmune puede ser una de las causas. Una reacción autoinmune ocurre cuando su sistema inmunitario ataca las células sanas de su cuerpo. La genética también puede tener un rol, ya que la enfermedad de Crohn puede darse en familias.\nEl estrés y el consumo de ciertos alimentos no causan la enfermedad, pero pueden empeorar sus síntomas.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedad de Crohn?\nHay ciertos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad de Crohn, como:\n• Antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad: Tener un padre, un hijo o un hermano con la enfermedad lo pone en mayor riesgo\n• Fumar puede duplicar su riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad de Crohn\n• Ciertos medicamentos como antibióticos, píldoras anticonceptivas y medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) como la aspirina o el ibuprofeno: Estos pueden aumentar ligeramente sus posibilidades de desarrollar Crohn\n• Una dieta alta en grasas también puede aumentar ligeramente su riesgo de enfermedad de Crohn\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Crohn?\nLos síntomas de la enfermedad de Crohn pueden variar, dependiendo de dónde y qué tan grave sea su inflamación. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:\n• Diarrea\n• Calambres y dolor abdominal\n• Pérdida de peso\nOtros posibles síntomas son:\n• Anemia: Afección en la que tiene menos glóbulos rojos de lo normal\n• Enrojecimiento o dolor en los ojos\n• Fatiga\n• Fiebre\n• Dolor o sensibilidad en las articulaciones\n• Náuseas o pérdida de apetito\n• Cambios en la piel donde aparecen protuberancias rojas y sensibles debajo de la epidermis\nEl estrés y el consumo de ciertos alimentos, como las bebidas gaseosas y los alimentos ricos en fibra, pueden empeorar los síntomas de algunas personas.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad de Crohn?\nLa enfermedad de Crohn puede causar otros problemas, incluyendo:\n• Obstrucción intestinal: Un bloqueo en el intestino\n• Fístulas: Conexiones anormales entre dos partes dentro del cuerpo\n• Abscesos: Cavidad infectada llenas de pus\n• Fisuras anales: Pequeñas lesiones en el ano que pueden causar picazón, dolor o sangrado\n• Úlceras: Llagas abiertas en la boca, intestinos, ano o perineo\n• Desnutrición: Cuando su cuerpo no obtiene la cantidad adecuada de vitaminas, minerales y nutrientes que necesita\n• Inflamación en otras áreas del cuerpo como articulaciones, ojos y piel\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Crohn?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Sus antecedentes familiares\n• Un examen físico, incluyendo:\n• Verificar la hinchazón en su abdomen\n• Escuchar sonidos dentro de su abdomen usando un estetoscopio\n• Golpear suavemente su abdomen para verificar la sensibilidad y el dolor y para ver si su hígado o bazo está anormal o agrandado\n• Varias pruebas, incluyendo:\n• Análisis de sangre y heces\n• Colonoscopía\n• Endoscopía digestiva alta: Procedimiento en el cual su proveedor utiliza un endoscopio para observar dentro de su boca, esófago, estómago e intestino delgado\n• Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes como una tomografía computarizada o una serie gastrointestinal superior: Una serie gastrointestinal superior utiliza un líquido especial llamado bario y rayos X. Tomar el bario hará que su tracto gastrointestinal superior se vea mejor en una radiografía\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Crohn?\nNo hay cura para la enfermedad de Crohn, pero los tratamientos pueden disminuir la inflamación de los intestinos, aliviar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, reposo intestinal y cirugía. Ningún tratamiento único funciona para todos los pacientes. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden trabajar juntos para determinar el mejor tratamiento para usted:\n• Los medicamentos para el Crohn incluyen varias medicinas que disminuyen la inflamación. Muchos de estos medicamentos lo logran al bajar la actividad de su sistema inmunitario. Ciertos medicamentos también pueden ayudar con los síntomas o complicaciones, como analgésicos y medicamentos antidiarreicos. Si su Crohn causa una infección, es posible que necesite antibióticos\n• Reposo intestinal significa beber solo ciertos líquidos o no comer ni beber nada. Esto permite que sus intestinos descansen. Es posible que deba reposar si sus síntomas son graves. Los nutrientes se obtienen al beber un líquido, o a través de una sonda de alimentación o una sonda intravenosa. Es posible que para ello deba permanecer en el hospital, o hacerlo en casa. Puede durar desde unos pocos días o hasta varias semanas\n• La cirugía puede tratar complicaciones y reducir los síntomas cuando otros tratamientos no ayudan lo suficiente. La operación implica la extracción de la parte dañada de su tracto digestivo para resolver:\n• Fístulas\n• Sangrado potencialmente mortal\n• Obstrucciones intestinales\n• Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos cuando amenazan su salud\n• Síntomas que no mejoran con los medicamentos\nCambiar su dieta puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas. Su proveedor puede recomendarle que realice cambios en su dieta, como:\n• Evitar las bebidas carbonatadas\n• Evitar las palomitas de maíz, cáscaras de vegetales, nueces y otros alimentos ricos en fibra\n• Beber más líquidos\n• Consumir comidas más pequeñas con más frecuencia\n• Llevar un diario de alimentos para ayudar a identificar los alimentos que causan problemas\nEn algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede pedirle que siga una dieta especial, como una que sea:\n• Alta en calorías\n• Sin lactosa\n• Baja en grasa\n• Baja en fibra\n• Baja en sal\nSi no absorbe suficientes nutrientes, es posible que necesite tomar suplementos nutricionales y vitaminas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0007","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0156","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0169","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0287","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0359","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0360","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0363","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0319","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"ulcerative-colitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/ulcerative-colitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K51","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ulcerative Colitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Colitis ulcerativa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Colită ulcerativă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب القولون التقرحي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ulcerózní kolitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Colitis ulcerosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ελκώδης κολίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rectocolite hémorragique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अल्सरेटिव कोलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Colitis ulcerosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colite ulcerosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"潰瘍性大腸炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"궤양성 대장염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Colite ulcerosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Язвенный колит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ulcerózna kolitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ülseratif kolit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Виразковий коліт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"溃疡性结肠炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Distal colitis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pancolitis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ulcerative proctitis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ulcerative Colitis","text":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease.\nUC can happen at any age, but it usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30. It tends to run in families. The most common symptoms are pain in the abdomen and blood or pus in diarrhea. Other symptoms may include:\n• Anemia\n• Severe tiredness\n• Weight loss\n• Loss of appetite\n• Bleeding from the rectum\n• Sores on the skin\n• Joint pain\n• Growth failure in children\nAbout half of people with UC have mild symptoms.\nDoctors use blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, and imaging tests to diagnose UC. Several types of drugs can help control it. Some people have long periods of remission, when they are free of symptoms. In severe cases, doctors must remove the colon.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Colitis ulcerativa","text":"La colitis ulcerativa es una enfermedad que causa inflamación y úlceras en la membrana que recubre el recto y el colon. Pertenece a un grupo de enfermedades llamado enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria.\nLa colitis ulcerativa puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero suele comenzar entre los 15 y los 30 años. Tiende a ser hereditaria. Los síntomas más comunes son dolor abdominal y diarrea con sangre. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Anemia\n• Cansancio severo\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Pérdida del apetito\n• Hemorragia rectal\n• Llagas en la piel\n• Dolor en las articulaciones\n• Problemas de crecimiento en niños\nAproximadamente la mitad de las personas con colitis ulcerativa tienen síntomas leves.\nLos médicos utilizan pruebas de sangre, pruebas de heces, la colonoscopía y pruebas de imagen para diagnosticarla. Varios tipos de medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlarla. Algunas personas tienen largos períodos de remisión, cuando están libres de síntomas. En casos severos, los médicos deben extirpar el colon\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0007","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0125","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0154","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0156","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0169","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0229","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0252","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0287","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0359","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0360","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0363","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0320","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-non-infectious-gastroenteritis-and-colitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-non-infectious-gastroenteritis-and-colitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K52","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DE2Z","display":"Diseases of the digestive system, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1256772020/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1256772020/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other non-infectious gastroenteritis and colitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte gastroenterite și colite neinfecțioase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المعدة والأمعاء والقولون غير المعدي الآخر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná neinfekční gastroenteritida a kolitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere nichtinfektiöse Gastroenteritis und Kolitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλη μη λοιμώδης γαστρεντερίτιδα και κολίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras gastroenteritis y colitis no infecciosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres gastro-entérites et colites non infectieuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य गैर-संक्रामक गैस्ट्रोएंटेराइटिस और कोलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb nem fertőzéses gyomor-bélhurut és vastagbélgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre gastroenteriti e coliti non infettive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の非感染性胃腸炎・大腸炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 비감염성 위장염 및 대장염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne niezakaźne zapalenia żołądka, jelit i okrężnicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras gastroenterites e colites não infeciosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие неинфекционные гастроэнтериты и колиты","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iná neinfekčná gastroenteritída a kolitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer enfeksiyöz olmayan gastroenterit ve kolit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші неінфекційні гастроентерити та коліти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他非感染性胃肠炎和结肠炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Colonic Diseases","text":"Your colon, also known as the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It's a long, hollow tube at the end of your digestive tract where your body makes and stores stool. Many disorders affect the colon's ability to work properly. Some of these include:\n• Colorectal cancer\n• Colonic polyps - extra tissue growing in the colon that can become cancerous\n• Ulcerative colitis - ulcers of the colon and rectum\n• Diverticulitis - inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon\n• Irritable bowel syndrome - an uncomfortable condition causing abdominal cramping and other symptoms\nTreatment for colonic diseases varies greatly depending on the disease and its severity. Treatment may involve diet, medicines and in some cases, surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del colon","text":"El colon, también llamado intestino grueso, es parte de su sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo y hueco que se encuentra al final del sistema digestivo, en el cual el cuerpo produce y almacena las heces. Existen muchos trastornos que pueden afectar su capacidad para funcionar adecuadamente. Entre ellos:\n• Cáncer colorrectal\n• Pólipos del colon: crecimientos de tejido en el colon que pueden hacerse cancerosos\n• Colitis ulcerativa: úlceras en el colon y el recto\n• Diverticulitis: inflamación o infección de pequeños sacos o divertículos en el colon\n• Síndrome del intestino irritable: un cuadro molesto que causa cólicos abdominales y otros síntomas\nEl tratamiento de las enfermedades de colon varía ampliamente dependiendo de la enfermedad y su severidad. Puede incluir dieta, medicinas y, en algunos casos, la cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0321","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bowel-obstruction-ileus","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bowel-obstruction-ileus","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K56","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA92","display":"Other acquired anatomical alterations of small intestine","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/716284939","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#716284939"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bowel obstruction (ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ocluzie intestinală (ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انسداد الأمعاء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Neprůchodnost střev (ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Darmverschluss (Ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εντερική απόφραξη (ειλεός)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Obstrucción intestinal (íleo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Occlusion intestinale (iléus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंत में रुकावट (इलियस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bélelzáródás (ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Occlusione intestinale (ileo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腸閉塞（イレウス）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"장폐색","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedrożność jelit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Obstrução intestinal (íleo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кишечная непроходимость","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nepriechodnosť čriev (ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bağırsak tıkanıklığı (ileus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кишкова непрохідність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肠梗阻","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Intestinal Obstruction","text":"An intestinal obstruction occurs when food or stool cannot move through the intestines. The obstruction can be complete or partial. There are many causes. The most common are adhesions, hernias, cancers, and certain medicines.\nSymptoms include:\n• Severe abdominal pain or cramping\n• Vomiting\n• Bloating\n• Loud bowel sounds\n• Swelling of the abdomen\n• Inability to pass gas\n• Constipation\nA complete intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency. It often requires surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Obstrucción intestinal","text":"Una obstrucción intestinal ocurre cuando la comida o las heces no pueden salir del intestino. La obstrucción puede ser completa o parcial. Hay muchas causas. Las más comunes son adherencias, hernias, cánceres y algunas medicinas.\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Dolor abdominal severo o retorcijones\n• Vómitos\n• Inflamación\n• Gases fuertes\n• Hinchazón del vientre\n• Incapacidad para eliminar gases\n• Estreñimiento\nUna obstrucción intestinal completa es una emergencia médica. En general, se necesita cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0322","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"diverticular-disease-diverticulosis-and-diverticulitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/diverticular-disease-diverticulosis-and-diverticulitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K57","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DD1Z","display":"Diverticular disease of intestine, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1265113635/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1265113635/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Diverticular disease (diverticulosis and diverticulitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală diverticulară (diverticuloză și diverticulită)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء الرتوج","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Divertikulární nemoc (divertikulóza a divertikulitida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Divertikelkrankheit (Divertikulose und Divertikulitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εκκολπωματική νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad diverticular (diverticulosis y diverticulitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie diverticulaire (diverticulose et diverticulite)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डाइवर्टीकुलर रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Divertikulum-betegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia diverticolare (diverticolosi e diverticolite)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"憩室疾患（憩室症・憩室炎）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"게실 질환(게실증 및 게실염)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba uchyłkowa jelit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença diverticular (diverticulose e diverticulite)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дивертикулярная болезнь кишечника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Divertikulárna choroba (divertikulóza a divertikulitída)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Divertiküler hastalık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дивертикулярна хвороба кишківника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"憩室病（憩室症和憩室炎）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis","text":"What is diverticulosis?\nDiverticula are small pouches, or sacs, that bulge outward through weak spots in your colon. They mostly form in the lower part of the colon. Diverticulosis is a condition in which you have these pouches. Most people who have diverticulosis do not have symptoms or problems. But sometimes the pouches can cause symptoms or become inflamed.\nWhat is diverticulitis?\nDiverticulitis is the name for the condition you have when one or more of the pouches get inflamed. Diverticulitis may come on suddenly. It can sometimes cause serious health problems.\nWhat is diverticular disease?\nDiverticular disease is a condition that happens when the pouches cause:\n• Chronic (long-term) symptoms\n• Diverticular bleeding\n• Diverticulitis or diverticulitis complications\nWhat causes diverticulosis and diverticulitis?\nResearchers aren't sure what causes diverticulosis and diverticulitis. They think certain factors may play a role in causing or increasing the risk for these conditions, including:\n• Your genetics. Certain genes may make some people more likely to develop the conditions.\n• Lifestyle factors such as:\n• Diets low in fiber and high in red meat\n• Lack of physical activity\n• Taking certain medicines, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids\n• Having obesity\n• Smoking\nResearchers are also looking at other possible factors that may play a role in these conditions. Those factors include bacteria or stool (poop) getting caught in a pouch in your colon and changes in the microbiome in the intestines. Your microbiome is made up of the bacteria and other organisms in your intestines.\nWho is more likely to develop diverticulosis and diverticulitis?\nDiverticulosis is common, especially as people age. More than one-third of U.S. adults between the ages of 50 and 59 have diverticulosis. More than two-thirds who are over age 80 have it. Most of those people will not have symptoms or problems. But some of them will develop diverticulitis.\nWhat are the symptoms of diverticulosis and diverticulitis?\nDiverticulosis usually doesn't cause symptoms. But some people can have chronic symptoms such as:\n• Bloating\n• Constipation or diarrhea\n• Cramping or pain in the lower abdomen (belly)\nDiverticulitis may cause acute symptoms such as:\n• Abdominal pain, most often in the lower left side of your abdomen\n• Constipation or diarrhea\n• Fevers and chills\n• Nausea or vomiting\nThe pain caused by diverticulitis is usually severe and comes on suddenly. Less often, the pain may be mild and worsen over several days.\nWhat other problems can diverticulosis and diverticulitis cause?\nSome people with diverticulosis and diverticulitis may develop serious health problems (complications). Diverticular bleeding happens when a small blood vessel within the wall of a pouch bursts. The bleeding may be severe and sometimes even life-threatening.\nPeople with diverticulitis can also develop serious problems such as:\n• Abscess, a painful, swollen, pus-filled area caused by infection\n• Fistula, an abnormal opening or passage between the colon and another part of the body, such as the bladder or vagina\n• Intestinal obstruction, a partial or total blockage that keeps food, fluids, air, or stool from moving through your intestines\n• Perforation, or a hole, in your colon\n• Peritonitis, an infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity\nHow are diverticulosis and diverticulitis diagnosed?\nDiverticulosis may be found when your health care provider is doing tests for another reason. Diverticulitis is usually found when you are having an acute attack.\nTo make a diagnosis, your provider will review your medical history, do a physical exam, and order tests. The tests may include:\n• Blood tests\n• Stool tests\n• Imaging tests such as CT scan, ultrasound, or MRI\n• Colonoscopy\nWhat are the treatments for diverticulosis and diverticulitis?\nIf your diverticulosis is causing chronic symptoms, your provider may recommend:\n• High-fiber foods or fiber supplements\n• Antibiotics\n• Medicines to reduce inflammation\n• Probiotics\nIf you have diverticulitis without complications, your provider may recommend treatment at home. However, you probably need treatment in the hospital if you have severe diverticulitis, diverticulitis with complications, or a high risk for complications.\nTreatments for diverticulitis may include:\n• Antibiotics, except for very mild cases.\n• A clear liquid diet for a short time to rest the colon. Your provider may suggest slowly adding solid foods to your diet as your symptoms improve.\n• Medicines for pain. This is usually acetaminophen instead of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs may increase the chance of diverticulitis complications.\n• Antispasmodic medicines to relieve spasms.\nIf your diverticulitis doesn't improve with treatment or if it causes complications, you may need surgery to remove part of your colon.\nCan diverticulitis be prevented?\nYour provider may recommend lifestyle changes to prevent diverticulitis:\n• Eating a diet high in fiber and low in red meat\n• Being physically active on a regular basis\n• Not smoking (and quitting smoking if you are a smoker)\n• Reaching and maintaining a healthy weight\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Diverticulosis y diverticulitis","text":"¿Qué es la diverticulosis?\nLos divertículos son pequeñas bolsas o sacos que sobresalen a través de los puntos débiles en la pared del colon. Se forman principalmente en la parte inferior del colon. Cuando hay estas bolsas, se conoce como\ndiverticulosis. La mayoría de las personas con diverticulosis no presentan síntomas ni problemas. Pero en ocasiones las bolsas pueden causar síntomas o inflamarse.\n¿Qué es la diverticulitis?\nLa diverticulitis ocurre cuando una o más de las bolsas se inflaman. La diverticulitis puede aparecer repentinamente. A veces puede causar serios problemas de salud.\n¿Qué es la enfermedad diverticular?\nLa enfermedad diverticular es una afección que ocurre cuando las bolsas causan:\n• Síntomas crónicos (a largo plazo)\n• Sangrado diverticular\n• Diverticulitis o complicaciones de diverticulitis\n¿Qué causa la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?\nLos investigadores no están seguros de la causa de la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis. Piensan que ciertos factores pueden tener un papel en provocar o aumentar el riesgo de estas afecciones, incluyendo:\n• Genética: Ciertos genes pueden hacer que algunas personas sean más propensas a desarrollar las afecciones\n• Factores de estilo de vida tales como:\n• Dietas bajas en fibra y ricas en carnes rojas\n• Falta de actividad física\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) y corticoides\n• Tener obesidad\n• Fumar\nLos investigadores también están analizando otros posibles factores que pueden desempeñar un papel en estas afecciones. Estos factores incluyen que las bacterias o las heces queden atrapadas en una bolsa en el colon y cambios en el microbioma de los intestinos. Su microbioma está formado por bacterias y otros organismos en sus intestinos.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar\ndiverticulosis y diverticulitis?\nLa diverticulosis es común, especialmente a medida que las personas envejecen. Más de un tercio de los adultos estadounidenses entre 50 y 59 años tienen diverticulosis. Más de dos tercios de los mayores de 80 años la tienen. La mayoría de ellos no presentan síntomas ni problemas. Pero algunos desarrollarán diverticulitis.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?\nEn general, la diverticulosis no causa síntomas. Pero algunas personas pueden presentar síntomas crónicos como:\n• Hinchazón\n• Estreñimiento o diarrea\n• Calambres o dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen\nLa diverticulitis puede causar síntomas agudos como:\n• Dolor abdominal, con mayor frecuencia en el lado inferior izquierdo de su abdomen\n• Estreñimiento o diarrea\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Náuseas y vómitos\nEl dolor causado por la diverticulitis suele ser intenso y aparece de repente. Con menos frecuencia, el dolor puede ser leve y empeorar durante varios días.\n¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?\nAlgunas personas con diverticulosis y diverticulitis pueden tener problemas de salud graves (complicaciones). El sangrado diverticular ocurre cuando se revienta un pequeño vaso sanguíneo dentro de la pared de una bolsa. El sangrado puede ser\nintenso y, a veces, incluso potencialmente mortal.\nLas personas con diverticulitis también pueden desarrollar problemas graves como:\n• Absceso: Un área dolorosa, inflamada y llena de pus causada por una infección\n• Fístula: Abertura o paso anormal entre el colon y otra parte del cuerpo, como la vejiga o la vagina\n• Obstrucción intestinal: Bloqueo parcial o total que impide que los alimentos, los líquidos, el aire o las heces se muevan a través de los intestinos\n• Perforación, o agujero, en el colon\n• Peritonitis: Infección del revestimiento de la cavidad abdominal\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?\nLa diverticulosis se puede encontrar cuando su profesional de la salud está haciendo pruebas por otro motivo. En general, la diverticulitis se encuentra cuando tiene un ataque agudo.\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor analizará su historia clínica, le hará un examen físico y solicitará pruebas. Estas pueden incluir:\n• Análisis de sangre\n• Pruebas de heces\n• Pruebas de imagen como tomografía computarizada, ultrasonido o resonancia magnética\n• Colonoscopía\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?\nSi su diverticulosis está causando síntomas crónicos, su profesional de la salud puede recomendar:\n• Alimentos ricos en fibra o suplementos de fibra\n• Antibióticos\n• Medicamentos para reducir la inflamación\n• Probióticos\nSi tiene diverticulitis sin complicaciones, su proveedor puede recomendarle un tratamiento en el\nhogar. Sin embargo, es probable que necesite tratamiento en el hospital si tiene diverticulitis grave, diverticulitis con complicaciones o un alto riesgo de complicaciones.\nLos tratamientos para la diverticulitis pueden incluir:\n• Antibióticos, salvo casos muy leves\n• Dieta de líquidos claros por un corto tiempo para descansar el colon. Su proveedor puede sugerirle que agregue lentamente alimentos sólidos a su dieta a medida que sus síntomas mejoren\n• Medicamentos para el dolor: Por lo general, se trata de paracetamol en lugar de medicamentos antiinflamatorios\nnoesteroideos (AINE). Los AINE pueden aumentar la posibilidad de complicaciones de la diverticulitis\n• Medicamentos antiespasmódicos para aliviar los espasmos\nSi su diverticulitis no mejora con el tratamiento o si causa complicaciones, es posible que necesite una cirugía para extirpar parte de su colon.\n¿Se puede prevenir la diverticulitis?\nSu profesional de la salud puede recomendar cambios en el estilo de vida para prevenir la diverticulitis:\n• Consumir una dieta alta en fibra y baja en carnes rojas\n• Estar físicamente activo de forma regular\n• No fumar (y dejar de fumar si fuma)\n• Alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0323","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"irritable-bowel-syndrome","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/irritable-bowel-syndrome","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K58","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome del intestino irritable","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindromul colonului iritabil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة القولون العصبي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Syndrom dráždivého tračníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Reizdarmsyndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο ευερέθιστου εντέρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome de l'intestin irritable","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"इरिटेबल बाउल सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Irritábilis bél szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome dell'intestino irritabile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"過敏性腸症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"과민성 대장 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół jelita drażliwego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome do intestino irritável","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Синдром раздражённого кишечника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Syndróm dráždivého čreva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İrritabl bağırsak sendromu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Синдром подразненого кишківника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肠易激综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"IBS"},{"lang":"en","text":"Irritable colon"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome","text":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a problem that affects the large intestine. It can cause abdominal cramping, bloating, and a change in bowel habits. Some people with the disorder have constipation. Some have diarrhea. Others go back and forth between the two. Although IBS can cause a great deal of discomfort, it does not harm the intestines.\nIBS is common. It affects about twice as many women as men and is most often found in people younger than 45 years. No one knows the exact cause of IBS. There is no specific test for it. Your doctor may run tests to be sure you don't have other diseases. These tests may include stool sampling tests, blood tests, and x-rays. Your doctor may also do a test called a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Most people diagnosed with IBS can control their symptoms with diet, stress management, probiotics, and medicine.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Síndrome del intestino irritable","text":"El síndrome del intestino irritable es un problema que afecta al intestino grueso. Puede causar cólicos abdominales, distensión y cambios en los hábitos intestinales. Algunas personas con este trastorno tienen estreñimiento, otras tienen diarrea. Algunas pasan de un cuadro de estreñimiento a uno de diarrea. Aun cuando el síndrome del intestino irritable puede causar muchas molestias, no daña el intestino.\nEl síndrome del intestino irritable es un cuadro común. Las mujeres lo sufren el doble más que en los hombres, y es más común en personas menores de 45 años. No se conoce la causa exacta de este síndrome, ni tampoco existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarlo. Su médico puede realizar exámenes para estar seguros que no tiene otras enfermedades. Estas pruebas pueden incluir análisis de heces, de sangre y radiografías. El médico también puede practicarle un estudio llamado sigmoidoscopía o colonoscopía. La mayoría de las personas con diagnóstico de síndrome del intestino irritable puede controlar sus síntomas con dieta, manejo del estrés, probióticos y medicinas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0324","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"anal-fissure-and-fistula","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/anal-fissure-and-fistula","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K60","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB70","display":"Infections of the anal region","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1106082935","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1106082935"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Anal fissure and fistula","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fisură și fistulă anală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشق الشرجي والناسور","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Řitní trhlina a píštěl","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Analfissur und Analfistel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρωκτική ραγάδα και συρίγγιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fisura y fístula anal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fissure et fistule anales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुदा विदर और भगंदर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Végbélrepedés és -sipoly","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ragade e fistola anale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"裂肛と痔瘻","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"치열 및 치루","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Szczelina i przetoka odbytu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fissura e fístula anal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Анальная трещина и свищ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Análna trhlina a fistula","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anal fissür ve fistül","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Анальна тріщина і нориця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肛裂和肛瘘","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Anal Disorders","text":"What is the anus?\nYour anus is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body.\nWhat are anal disorders?\nProblems with the anus are common. They include:\n• Hemorrhoids\n• Abscesses\n• Fissures, small cracks or tears in the lining of your anus\n• Anorectal fistula, an abnormal tunnel from your anus or rectum to the skin surface\n• Anal itching (pruritus ani)\n• Cancer\nWhat are the symptoms of anal disorders?\nYour symptoms will depend on which disorder you have. But some of the more common symptoms may include:\n• Bleeding\n• Discharge\n• Itching\n• Pain\n• Swelling\nHow are anal disorders diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Depending upon your symptoms, your provider may:\n• Check the skin around your anus for anything that looks abnormal.\n• Perform a digital rectal exam (DRE). For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.\n• Order tests, such as an anoscopy.\nYou may be embarrassed to talk about your anal troubles. But it's important to let your provider know about your symptoms, especially if you have pain or bleeding. The more details you can give about your problem, the better your provider can help you.\nHow are anal disorders treated?\nTreatments vary, depending on the condition you have.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del ano","text":"¿Qué es el ano?\nEl ano es la abertura al final del intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces (excremento) salen del cuerpo.\n¿Qué son las enfermedades del ano?\nLos problemas con el ano son comunes. Estos incluyen:\n• Hemorroides\n• Abscesos\n• Fisuras, pequeñas grietas o desgarros en el revestimiento del ano\n• Fístula anorrectal, un túnel anormal desde el ano o el recto hasta la superficie de la piel\n• Picazón anal (prurito anal)\n• Cáncer\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades del ano?\nSus síntomas dependen del trastorno que tenga. Pero algunos de los síntomas más comunes pueden incluir:\n• Hemorragia gastrointestinal\n• Secreción\n• Picazón\n• Dolor\n• Inflamación\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades del ano?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas y antecedentes médicos. Dependiendo de sus síntomas, su proveedor puede:\n• Examinar la piel alrededor del ano para ver si hay algo que parezca anormal\n• Realizar un examen rectal digital. Para este examen, el profesional de la salud introduce un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para palpar si hay bultos o algo inusual\n• Solicitar pruebas, como una anoscopía\nPuede que sienta vergüenza al hablar de sus problemas del ano, pero es importante informar a su profesional de la salud sobre sus síntomas, especialmente si tiene dolor o sangrado. Cuantos más detalles pueda entregar sobre su problema, mejor podrá ayudarlo su proveedor de atención médica.\n¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos anales?\nLos tratamientos varían según la afección que tenga.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0325","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-diseases-of-the-anus-and-rectum","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-diseases-of-the-anus-and-rectum","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K62","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other diseases of the anus and rectum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale anusului și rectului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في الشرج والمستقيم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci řiti a konečníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Anus und des Rektums","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις του πρωκτού και του ορθού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades del ano y el recto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies de l'anus et du rectum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुदा और मलाशय के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A végbélnyílás és a végbél egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie dell'ano e del retto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の肛門・直腸の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 항문 및 직장 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby odbytu i odbytnicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças do ânus e do reto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни заднего прохода и прямой кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby anu a konečníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer anüs ve rektum hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби заднього проходу та прямої кишки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他肛门和直肠疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Anal Disorders","text":"What is the anus?\nYour anus is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body.\nWhat are anal disorders?\nProblems with the anus are common. They include:\n• Hemorrhoids\n• Abscesses\n• Fissures, small cracks or tears in the lining of your anus\n• Anorectal fistula, an abnormal tunnel from your anus or rectum to the skin surface\n• Anal itching (pruritus ani)\n• Cancer\nWhat are the symptoms of anal disorders?\nYour symptoms will depend on which disorder you have. But some of the more common symptoms may include:\n• Bleeding\n• Discharge\n• Itching\n• Pain\n• Swelling\nHow are anal disorders diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Depending upon your symptoms, your provider may:\n• Check the skin around your anus for anything that looks abnormal.\n• Perform a digital rectal exam (DRE). For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.\n• Order tests, such as an anoscopy.\nYou may be embarrassed to talk about your anal troubles. But it's important to let your provider know about your symptoms, especially if you have pain or bleeding. The more details you can give about your problem, the better your provider can help you.\nHow are anal disorders treated?\nTreatments vary, depending on the condition you have.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del ano","text":"¿Qué es el ano?\nEl ano es la abertura al final del intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces (excremento) salen del cuerpo.\n¿Qué son las enfermedades del ano?\nLos problemas con el ano son comunes. Estos incluyen:\n• Hemorroides\n• Abscesos\n• Fisuras, pequeñas grietas o desgarros en el revestimiento del ano\n• Fístula anorrectal, un túnel anormal desde el ano o el recto hasta la superficie de la piel\n• Picazón anal (prurito anal)\n• Cáncer\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades del ano?\nSus síntomas dependen del trastorno que tenga. Pero algunos de los síntomas más comunes pueden incluir:\n• Hemorragia gastrointestinal\n• Secreción\n• Picazón\n• Dolor\n• Inflamación\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades del ano?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas y antecedentes médicos. Dependiendo de sus síntomas, su proveedor puede:\n• Examinar la piel alrededor del ano para ver si hay algo que parezca anormal\n• Realizar un examen rectal digital. Para este examen, el profesional de la salud introduce un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para palpar si hay bultos o algo inusual\n• Solicitar pruebas, como una anoscopía\nPuede que sienta vergüenza al hablar de sus problemas del ano, pero es importante informar a su profesional de la salud sobre sus síntomas, especialmente si tiene dolor o sangrado. Cuantos más detalles pueda entregar sobre su problema, mejor podrá ayudarlo su proveedor de atención médica.\n¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos anales?\nLos tratamientos varían según la afección que tenga.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0326","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-diseases-of-the-intestine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-diseases-of-the-intestine","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K63","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DE2Z","display":"Diseases of the digestive system, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1256772020/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1256772020/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other diseases of the intestine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale intestinului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في الأمعاء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci střeva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Darms","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις του εντέρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades del intestino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies de l'intestin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंत के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A bél egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie dell'intestino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の腸の疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 장 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby jelit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças do intestino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни кишечника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby čreva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer bağırsak hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби кишківника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他肠道疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Colonic Diseases","text":"Your colon, also known as the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It's a long, hollow tube at the end of your digestive tract where your body makes and stores stool. Many disorders affect the colon's ability to work properly. Some of these include:\n• Colorectal cancer\n• Colonic polyps - extra tissue growing in the colon that can become cancerous\n• Ulcerative colitis - ulcers of the colon and rectum\n• Diverticulitis - inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon\n• Irritable bowel syndrome - an uncomfortable condition causing abdominal cramping and other symptoms\nTreatment for colonic diseases varies greatly depending on the disease and its severity. Treatment may involve diet, medicines and in some cases, surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del colon","text":"El colon, también llamado intestino grueso, es parte de su sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo y hueco que se encuentra al final del sistema digestivo, en el cual el cuerpo produce y almacena las heces. Existen muchos trastornos que pueden afectar su capacidad para funcionar adecuadamente. Entre ellos:\n• Cáncer colorrectal\n• Pólipos del colon: crecimientos de tejido en el colon que pueden hacerse cancerosos\n• Colitis ulcerativa: úlceras en el colon y el recto\n• Diverticulitis: inflamación o infección de pequeños sacos o divertículos en el colon\n• Síndrome del intestino irritable: un cuadro molesto que causa cólicos abdominales y otros síntomas\nEl tratamiento de las enfermedades de colon varía ampliamente dependiendo de la enfermedad y su severidad. Puede incluir dieta, medicinas y, en algunos casos, la cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0327","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"haemorrhoids-piles","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/haemorrhoids-piles","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K64","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Haemorrhoids (piles)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hemoroizi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"البواسير","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hemoroidy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hämorrhoiden","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αιμορροΐδες","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hemorroides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hémorroïdes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बवासीर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aranyér (aranyeres csomók)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emorroidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"痔核","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"치핵(치질)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hemoroidy (żylaki odbytu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hemorroidas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Геморрой","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hemoroidy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hemoroid (basur)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Геморой","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"痔疮","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hemorrhoids","text":"What are hemorrhoids?\nHemorrhoids are swollen, inflamed veins around your anus or the lower part of your rectum. There are two types:\n• External hemorrhoids, which form under the skin around your anus\n• Internal hemorrhoids, which form in the lining of your anus and lower rectum\nWhat causes hemorrhoids?\nHemorrhoids happen when there is too much pressure on the veins around the anus. This can be caused by:\n• Straining during bowel movements.\n• Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.\n• Chronic constipation or diarrhea.\n• A low-fiber diet.\n• Weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum. This can happen with aging and pregnancy.\n• Frequently lifting heavy objects.\nWhat are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?\nThe symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on which type you have:\nWith external hemorrhoids, you may have:\n• Anal itching\n• One or more hard, tender lumps near your anus\n• Anal pain, especially when sitting\nToo much straining, rubbing, or cleaning around your anus may make your symptoms worse. For many people, the symptoms of external hemorrhoids go away within a few days.\nWith internal hemorrhoids, you may have:\n• Bleeding from your rectum - you would see bright red blood in your stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement\n• Prolapse, which is a hemorrhoid that has fallen through your anal opening\nInternal hemorrhoids are usually not painful unless they are prolapsed. Prolapsed internal hemorrhoids may cause pain and discomfort.\nHow can I treat hemorrhoids at home?\nYou can most often treat your hemorrhoids at home by:\n• Eating foods that are high in fiber.\n• Taking a stool softener or a fiber supplement.\n• Drinking enough fluids every day.\n• Not straining during bowel movements.\n• Not sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.\n• Taking over-the-counter pain relievers.\n• Taking warm baths several times a day to help relieve pain. This could be a regular bath or a sitz bath. With a sitz bath, you use a special plastic tub that allows you to sit in a few inches of warm water.\n• Using over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams, ointments, or suppositories to relieve mild pain, swelling, and itching of external hemorrhoids.\nWhen do I need to see a health care provider for hemorrhoids?\nYou should see your health care provider if you:\n• Still have symptoms after 1 week of at-home treatment.\n• Have bleeding from your rectum. Hemorrhoids are a common cause of bleeding, but other conditions can also cause bleeding. They include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, and anal cancer. So it's important to see your provider to find the cause of the bleeding.\nHow are hemorrhoids diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have hemorrhoids, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history.\n• Will do a physical exam. Often providers can diagnose external hemorrhoids by looking at the area around your anus.\n• Will do a digital rectal exam to check for internal hemorrhoids. For this, the provider will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for anything that is abnormal.\n• May do procedures such as an anoscopy to check for internal hemorrhoids.\nWhat are the treatments for hemorrhoids?\nIf at-home treatments for hemorrhoids don't help you, you may need a medical procedure. There are several different procedures that your provider can do in the office. These procedures use different techniques to cause scar tissue to form in the hemorrhoids. This cuts off the blood supply, which usually shrinks the hemorrhoids. In severe cases, you may need surgery.\nCan hemorrhoids be prevented?\nYou can help prevent hemorrhoids by:\n• Eating foods that are high in fiber\n• Taking a stool softener or a fiber supplement\n• Drinking enough fluids every day\n• Not straining during bowel movements\n• Not sitting on the toilet for long periods of time\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hemorroides","text":"¿Qué son las hemorroides?\nLas hemorroides son venas inflamadas o hinchadas alrededor del ano o la parte inferior de su recto. Hay dos tipos:\n• Hemorroides externas: Se forman debajo de la piel alrededor del ano\n• Hemorroides internas: Se forman en el revestimiento del ano y el recto inferior\n¿Qué causa las hemorroides?\nLas hemorroides ocurren cuando hay demasiada presión en las venas alrededor del ano. Esto puede ser causado por:\n• Esfuerzo durante las deposiciones\n• Sentarse en el baño por demasiado tiempo\n• Estreñimiento crónico o diarrea\n• Dieta baja en fibra\n• Debilitamiento de los tejidos de soporte en el ano y recto: Esto puede suceder con el envejecimiento y el embarazo\n• Levantar frecuentemente objetos pesados\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las hemorroides?\nLos síntomas de las hemorroides dependen del tipo que tenga:\nEn las hemorroides externas, puede tener:\n• Picazón anal\n• Uno o más bultos duros y sensibles cerca del ano\n• Dolor anal, especialmente al estar sentado\nHacer demasiado esfuerzo, frotarse o limpiarse alrededor de su ano puede empeorar sus síntomas. Para muchas personas, los síntomas de las hemorroides externas desaparecen en pocos días.\nEn las hemorroides internas, puede tener:\n• Sangrado del recto: Verá sangre roja brillante en las heces, en el papel higiénico o en la taza del inodoro después de defecar\n• Prolapso: Es una hemorroide que sale a través del orificio anal\nEn general, las hemorroides internas no son dolorosas a menos que estén prolapsadas. Las hemorroides internas prolapsadas pueden causar dolor e incomodidad.\n¿Cómo puedo tratar las hemorroides en casa?\nUsted puede tratar las hemorroides en casa al:\n• Consumir alimentos ricos en fibra\n• Tomar un ablandador de heces o un suplemento de fibra\n• Beber suficientes líquidos todos los días\n• No hacer mucho esfuerzo durante las deposiciones\n• No sentarse en el baño por largos períodos de tiempo\n• Tomar analgésicos de venta libre\n• Tomar baños calientes varias veces al día para ayudar a aliviar el dolor: Esto puede ser un baño normal o un baño de asiento. Para el baño de asiento, utilice una bañera de plástico especial que le permita sentarse en unas pocas pulgadas de agua tibia\n• Usar cremas, ungüentos o supositorios para hemorroides de venta libre para aliviar el dolor leve, la hinchazón y la picazón de las hemorroides externas\n¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por hemorroides?\nDebería ver a su proveedor de atención médica si:\n• Todavía tiene síntomas después de una semana de tratamiento en el hogar\n• Tiene hemorragia rectal: Las hemorroides son una causa común de sangrado, pero otras afecciones también pueden causar sangrado, como la enfermedad de Crohn, colitis ulcerativa, cáncer colorrectal y cáncer anal. Por ello, es importante consultar a su proveedor para encontrar la causa del sangrado\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las hemorroides?\nPara saber si tiene hemorroides, su profesional de la salud:\n• Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica\n• Hará un examen físico: A menudo, los proveedores pueden diagnosticar hemorroides externas al observar el área alrededor del ano\n• Hará un examen rectal digital para verificar si hay hemorroides internas. Para esto, el profesional de la salud insertará un dedo enguantado y lubricado en el recto para detectar cualquier cosa anormal\n• Puede realizar procedimientos como una anoscopia para verificar si hay hemorroides internas\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las hemorroides?\nSi los tratamientos caseros para las hemorroides no ayudan, es posible que necesite un procedimiento médico. Hay varios procedimientos diferentes que su profesional de la salud puede hacer en la consulta. Estos procedimientos usan diferentes técnicas para causar la formación de tejido cicatricial en las hemorroides, lo que corta el suministro de sangre, generalmente reduciendo las hemorroides. En casos severos, puede necesitar cirugía.\n¿Se pueden prevenir las hemorroides?\nPuede ayudar a prevenir las hemorroides si:\n• Consume alimentos ricos en fibra\n• Toma un ablandador de heces o un suplemento de fibra\n• Bebe suficientes líquidos todos los días\n• No se esfuerza durante las deposiciones\n• No se sienta en el baño durante largos períodos de tiempo\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0328","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"peritonitis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/peritonitis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K65","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Peritonită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الصفاق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět pobřišnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bauchfellentzündung (Peritonitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Περιτονίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Peritonitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Péritonite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेरिटोनाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hashártyagyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Peritonite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腹膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"복막염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie otrzewnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Peritonite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Перитонит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal pobrušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Peritonit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Перитоніт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腹膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Peritonitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Peritoneal Disorders","text":"Your peritoneum is the tissue that lines your abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in your abdomen. A liquid, peritoneal fluid, lubricates the surface of this tissue.\nDisorders of the peritoneum are not common. They include:\n• Peritonitis - an inflammation of the peritoneum\n• Cancer\n• Complications from peritoneal dialysis\nYour doctor may use imaging tests or lab tests to analyze the peritoneal fluid to diagnose the problem. Treatment of peritoneal disorders depends on the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades peritoneales","text":"El peritoneo es el tejido que recubre la pared abdominal y cubre la mayor parte de los órganos en el abdomen. Un líquido, fluido peritoneal, lubrica la superficie de este tejido .\nLos trastornos del peritoneo son raros. Estos pueden ser :\n• Peritonitis: Una inflamación del peritoneo\n• Cáncer\n• Complicaciones por diálisis peritoneal\nSu doctor puede usar test por imágenes o de laboratorio para analizar el fluido peritoneal para diagnosticar una enfermedad peritoneal. El tratamiento de los trastornos peritoneales dependerá de la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0329","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-disorders-of-the-peritoneum","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-disorders-of-the-peritoneum","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K66","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DC51.Y","display":"Other specified disorders of peritoneum or retroperitoneum","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1520152220/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1520152220/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other disorders of the peritoneum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale peritoneului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في الصفاق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy pobřišnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Bauchfells","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές του περιτοναίου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos del peritoneo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections du péritoine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेरिटोनियम के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A hashártya egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi del peritoneo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の腹膜の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 복막 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby otrzewnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios do peritoneu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни брюшины","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy pobrušnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer periton bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби очеревини","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他腹膜疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Peritoneal Disorders","text":"Your peritoneum is the tissue that lines your abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in your abdomen. A liquid, peritoneal fluid, lubricates the surface of this tissue.\nDisorders of the peritoneum are not common. They include:\n• Peritonitis - an inflammation of the peritoneum\n• Cancer\n• Complications from peritoneal dialysis\nYour doctor may use imaging tests or lab tests to analyze the peritoneal fluid to diagnose the problem. Treatment of peritoneal disorders depends on the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades peritoneales","text":"El peritoneo es el tejido que recubre la pared abdominal y cubre la mayor parte de los órganos en el abdomen. Un líquido, fluido peritoneal, lubrica la superficie de este tejido .\nLos trastornos del peritoneo son raros. Estos pueden ser :\n• Peritonitis: Una inflamación del peritoneo\n• Cáncer\n• Complicaciones por diálisis peritoneal\nSu doctor puede usar test por imágenes o de laboratorio para analizar el fluido peritoneal para diagnosticar una enfermedad peritoneal. El tratamiento de los trastornos peritoneales dependerá de la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0330","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"peritoneal-disorders-in-infectious-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/peritoneal-disorders-in-infectious-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K67","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DC5Z","display":"Diseases of peritoneum, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/851941810/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#851941810/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Peritoneal disorders in infectious diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale peritoneului în boli infecțioase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الصفاق في الأمراض المعدية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy pobřišnice u infekčních nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krankheiten des Bauchfells bei Infektionskrankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές του περιτοναίου σε λοιμώδη νοσήματα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos del peritoneo en enfermedades infecciosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections du péritoine au cours de maladies infectieuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"संक्रामक रोगों में पेरिटोनियम के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A hashártya betegségei fertőző betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi del peritoneo in malattie infettive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"感染症による腹膜の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"감염성 질환에서의 복막 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby otrzewnej w chorobach zakaźnych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios do peritoneu em doenças infeciosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поражения брюшины при инфекционных болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy pobrušnice pri infekčných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Enfeksiyon hastalıklarında periton bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ураження очеревини при інфекційних хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"感染性疾病中的腹膜疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Peritoneal Disorders","text":"Your peritoneum is the tissue that lines your abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in your abdomen. A liquid, peritoneal fluid, lubricates the surface of this tissue.\nDisorders of the peritoneum are not common. They include:\n• Peritonitis - an inflammation of the peritoneum\n• Cancer\n• Complications from peritoneal dialysis\nYour doctor may use imaging tests or lab tests to analyze the peritoneal fluid to diagnose the problem. Treatment of peritoneal disorders depends on the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades peritoneales","text":"El peritoneo es el tejido que recubre la pared abdominal y cubre la mayor parte de los órganos en el abdomen. Un líquido, fluido peritoneal, lubrica la superficie de este tejido .\nLos trastornos del peritoneo son raros. Estos pueden ser :\n• Peritonitis: Una inflamación del peritoneo\n• Cáncer\n• Complicaciones por diálisis peritoneal\nSu doctor puede usar test por imágenes o de laboratorio para analizar el fluido peritoneal para diagnosticar una enfermedad peritoneal. El tratamiento de los trastornos peritoneales dependerá de la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0331","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"alcohol-related-liver-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/alcohol-related-liver-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K70","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB94.Z","display":"Alcoholic liver disease, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/469481605/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#469481605/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Alcohol-related liver disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală hepatică alcoolică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض الكبد الكحولي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alkoholické onemocnění jater","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Alkoholische Leberkrankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλκοολική ηπατοπάθεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad hepática alcohólica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie alcoolique du foie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"शराब से जुड़ा यकृत रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alkoholos májbetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia epatica alcolica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アルコール性肝疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알코올성 간질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Alkoholowa choroba wątroby","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença hepática alcoólica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Алкогольная болезнь печени","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alkoholické ochorenie pečene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alkole bağlı karaciğer hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Алкогольна хвороба печінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"酒精性肝病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0332","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"liver-fibrosis-and-cirrhosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/liver-fibrosis-and-cirrhosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K74","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DB93.Y","display":"Other specified hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/481852400/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#481852400/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fibroză și ciroză hepatică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تليف الكبد وتشمعه","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fibróza a cirhóza jater","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Leberfibrose und Leberzirrhose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ίνωση και κίρρωση του ήπατος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fibrosis y cirrosis hepática","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fibrose et cirrhose du foie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"यकृत फाइब्रोसिस और सिरोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Májfibrózis és májzsugor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fibrosi e cirrosi epatica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肝線維症・肝硬変","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"간섬유화 및 간경변","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zwłóknienie i marskość wątroby","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fibrose e cirrose hepática","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фиброз и цирроз печени","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fibróza a cirhóza pečene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karaciğer fibrozu ve sirozu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фіброз і цироз печінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肝纤维化和肝硬化","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cirrhosis","text":"Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue forms because of injury or long-term disease. Scar tissue cannot do what healthy liver tissue does - make protein, help fight infections, clean the blood, help digest food and store energy. Cirrhosis can lead to :\n• Easy bruising or bleeding, or nosebleeds\n• Swelling of the abdomen or legs\n• Extra sensitivity to medicines\n• High blood pressure in the vein entering the liver\n• Enlarged veins called varices in the esophagus and stomach. Varices can bleed suddenly.\n• Kidney failure\n• Jaundice\n• Severe itching\n• Gallstones\nA small number of people with cirrhosis get liver cancer.\nYour doctor will diagnose cirrhosis with blood tests, imaging tests, or a biopsy.\nCirrhosis has many causes. In the United States, the most common causes are chronic alcoholism and hepatitis. Nothing will make the scar tissue disappear, but treating the cause can keep it from getting worse. If too much scar tissue forms, you may need to consider a liver transplant.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cirrosis","text":"La cirrosis es un conjunto de cicatrices en el hígado. El tejido cicatricial se forma por lesiones o enfermedades prolongadas. Este tejido no puede hacer lo que hace el tejido hepático sano: producir proteínas, ayudar a combatir las infecciones, limpiar la sangre, ayudar a digerir los alimentos y almacenar energía.\nLa cirrosis puede conducir a:\n• Formación de moretones o hematomas, sangrado o sangrado de la nariz\n• Hinchazón del abdomen o las piernas\n• Sensibilidad adicional a las medicinas\n• Aumento de la presión en la vena que entra al hígado\n• Venas dilatadas en el esófago y el estómago que pueden sangrar inesperadamente\n• Insuficiencia renal\n• Ictericia\n• Picazón fuerte\n• Piedras en la vesícula\nUnas pocas personas con cirrosis desarrollan cáncer de hígado.\nLa cirrosis puede tener muchas causas. En los Estados Unidos, las causas más comunes son el alcoholismo crónico y la hepatitis. Nada hará desaparecer el tejido escamoso, pero tratar la causa puede evitar que la enfermedad empeore. Si se forma demasiado tejido escamoso, quizá deba pensar en un trasplante de hígado.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Liver Cirrhosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0333","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"gallstones","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/gallstones","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K80","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gallstones","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cálculos biliares","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Litiază biliară (calculi biliari)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حصوات المرارة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Žlučové kameny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gallensteine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χολολιθίαση (πέτρες στη χολή)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Calculs biliaires (lithiase biliaire)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पित्ताशय की पथरी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epekő","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Calcoli biliari (colelitiasi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胆石症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"담석증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kamica żółciowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cálculos biliares (colelitíase)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Желчнокаменная болезнь","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Žlčové kamene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Safra taşı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Жовчнокам'яна хвороба","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胆石症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gallstones","text":"Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.\nYour gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the bile ducts. That is usually a gallstone. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Gallstone attacks usually happen after you eat. Signs of a gallstone attack may include nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.\nGallstones are most common among older adults, women, overweight people, Native Americans and Mexican Americans.\nGallstones are often found during imaging tests for other health conditions. If you do not have symptoms, you usually do not need treatment. The most common treatment is removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder. Bile has other ways to reach your small intestine.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cálculos biliares","text":"La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado.\nEs más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los conductos biliares. La causa suele ser por cálculos biliares. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. Las crisis por cálculos suelen presentarse después de las comidas. Los signos de una crisis por cálculos incluyen nauseas, vómitos o dolor en el abdomen, la espalda o debajo del brazo derecho.\nLos cálculos biliares son más comunes entre los adultos mayores, las mujeres, las personas con sobrepeso, los indígenas estadounidenses y los mexicano-estadounidenses. El tratamiento más común es la extracción de la vesícula biliar. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0334","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"inflammation-of-the-gallbladder-cholecystitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/inflammation-of-the-gallbladder-cholecystitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K81","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Colecistită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المرارة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět žlučníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gallenblasenentzündung (Cholezystitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χολοκυστίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Colecistitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cholécystite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पित्ताशय की सूजन (कोलेसिस्टाइटिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epehólyag-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colecistite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胆のう炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"담낭염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie pęcherzyka żółciowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Colecistite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Холецистит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal žlčníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kolesistit (safra kesesi iltihabı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Холецистит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胆囊炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gallbladder Diseases","text":"Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.\nYour gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the bile ducts. That is usually a gallstone. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Rarely, you can also get cancer in your gallbladder.\nMany gallbladder problems get better with removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder. Bile has other ways of reaching your small intestine.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar","text":"La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado.\nEs más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los conductos biliares. Eso suele ocurrir con los cálculos biliares. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. En forma menos común se puede desarrollar cáncer en la vesícula.\nMuchos de los problemas de la vesícula se solucionan al extirparla. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0335","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-gallbladder-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-gallbladder-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K82","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other gallbladder diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale vezicii biliare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في المرارة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci žlučníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten der Gallenblase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις της χοληδόχου κύστης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades de la vesícula biliar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies de la vésicule biliaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पित्ताशय के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az epehólyag egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie della colecisti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の胆のう疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 담낭 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby pęcherzyka żółciowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças da vesícula biliar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни желчного пузыря","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby žlčníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer safra kesesi hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби жовчного міхура","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他胆囊疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gallbladder Diseases","text":"Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.\nYour gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the bile ducts. That is usually a gallstone. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Rarely, you can also get cancer in your gallbladder.\nMany gallbladder problems get better with removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder. Bile has other ways of reaching your small intestine.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar","text":"La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado.\nEs más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los conductos biliares. Eso suele ocurrir con los cálculos biliares. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. En forma menos común se puede desarrollar cáncer en la vesícula.\nMuchos de los problemas de la vesícula se solucionan al extirparla. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0336","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-bile-duct-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-bile-duct-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K83","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DC1Z","display":"Diseases of gallbladder or biliary tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/587365414/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#587365414/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other bile duct diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale căilor biliare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في القنوات الصفراوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci žlučových cest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten der Gallenwege","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις των χοληφόρων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades de las vías biliares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies des voies biliaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पित्त नली के अन्य रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az epeutak egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie delle vie biliari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の胆道疾患","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 담도 질환","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby dróg żółciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças das vias biliares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни желчевыводящих путей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby žlčových ciest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer safra yolu hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби жовчовивідних шляхів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他胆道疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bile Duct Diseases","text":"Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your gallbladder stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.\nDifferent diseases can block the bile ducts and cause a problem with the flow of bile:\n• Gallstones, which can increase pressure in the gallbladder and cause a gallbladder attack. The pain usually lasts from one to several hours.\n• Cancer\n• Infections\n• Birth defects, such as biliary atresia. It is the most common reason for liver transplants in children in the United States.\n• Inflammation, which can cause scarring. Over time, this can lead to liver failure.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los ductos biliares","text":"El hígado produce un líquido digestivo llamado bilis. La vesícula biliar almacena la bilis entre comidas. Cuando usted come, la vesícula empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Estos transportan la bilis hasta el intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a digerir la grasa. También ayuda al intestino a eliminar toxina y desechos.\nDistintas enfermedades pueden bloquear los ductos biliares y causar un problema con el flujo de la bilis:\n• Cálculos biliares: Pueden aumentar la presión en la vesícula y causar un ataque de vesícula. El dolor puede durar de una a varias horas\n• Cáncer\n• Infecciones\n• Defectos congénitos, como la atresia biliar: Es la causa más común de trasplante de hígado infantil en Estados Unidos\n• Inflamación: Esto puede causar cicatrices. Con el tiempo, puede provocar insuficiencia hepática\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0337","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pancreatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pancreatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K85","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DC31.Z","display":"Acute pancreatitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/698285441/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#698285441/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pancreatitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pancreatitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pancreatită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب البنكرياس الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět slinivky břišní","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Bauchspeicheldrüsenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία παγκρεατίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pancréatite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र अग्नाशयशोथ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut hasnyálmirigy-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pancreatite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性膵炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 췌장염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie trzustki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pancreatite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый панкреатит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal podžalúdkovej žľazy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut pankreatit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий панкреатит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性胰腺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Necrotizing Pancreatitis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pancreatitis","text":"The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach and close to the first part of the small intestine. It secretes digestive juices into the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.\nPancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Either form is serious and can lead to complications.\nAcute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and usually goes away in a few days with treatment. It is often caused by gallstones. Common symptoms are severe pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment is usually a few days in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and medicines to relieve pain.\nChronic pancreatitis does not heal or improve. It gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage. The most common cause is heavy alcohol use. Other causes include cystic fibrosis and other inherited disorders, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, some medicines, and autoimmune conditions. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and oily stools. Treatment may also be a few days in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, medicines to relieve pain, and nutritional support. After that, you may need to start taking enzymes and eat a special diet. It is also important to not smoke or drink alcohol.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pancreatitis","text":"El páncreas es una glándula grande ubicada detrás del estómago y cerca de la primera parte del intestino delgado que segrega jugos digestivos en el intestino delgado a través de un tubo llamado conducto pancreático. El páncreas también libera las hormonas insulina y glucagón en la sangre.\nLa pancreatitis es una inflamación del páncreas. Esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir el páncreas. La pancreatitis puede ser aguda o crónica. De cualquier forma es grave y puede traer complicaciones.\nLa pancreatitis aguda ocurre de repente y generalmente desaparece en pocos días con tratamiento. A menudo es causada por cálculos biliares. Los síntomas comunes son dolor intenso en la parte superior del abdomen, náuseas y vómitos. El tratamiento suele ser líquidos por vía intravenosa, antibióticos y analgésicos durante unos días en el hospital.\nLa pancreatitis crónica no se cura o mejora. Empeora con el tiempo y lleva a daño permanente. La causa más común es un consumo excesivo de alcohol. Otras causas pueden ser fibrosis quística y otras enfermedades heredadas, grandes cantidades de calcio o grasa en la sangre, algunos medicamentos y enfermedades autoinmunes. Los síntomas incluyen nauseas, vómitos, pérdida de peso y heces grasosas. El tratamiento suele ser fluidos, analgésicos por vía intravenosa y nutrición artificial durante unos días en el hospital. Luego de su estadía en el hospital, deberá tomar enzimas y llevar una dieta especial. También es importante no fumar ni beber alcohol.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0338","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-pancreatic-diseases-including-chronic-pancreatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-pancreatic-diseases-including-chronic-pancreatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K86","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DC3Z","display":"Diseases of pancreas, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1726554290/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1726554290/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other pancreatic diseases (including chronic pancreatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte boli ale pancreasului (inclusiv pancreatită cronică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أمراض أخرى في البنكرياس (بما في ذلك التهاب البنكرياس المزمن)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci slinivky (včetně chronické pankreatitidy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten des Pankreas (einschließlich chronischer Pankreatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες παθήσεις του παγκρέατος (περιλαμβάνεται η χρόνια παγκρεατίτιδα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras enfermedades del páncreas (incluida la pancreatitis crónica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres maladies du pancréas (dont pancréatite chronique)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अग्न्याशय के अन्य रोग (दीर्घकालिक अग्नाशयशोथ सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A hasnyálmirigy egyéb betegségei (krónikus gyulladással)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malattie del pancreas (inclusa la pancreatite cronica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の膵疾患（慢性膵炎を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 췌장 질환(만성 췌장염 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby trzustki (w tym przewlekłe zapalenie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras doenças do pâncreas (incluindo pancreatite crónica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни поджелудочной железы (включая хронический панкреатит)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby podžalúdkovej žľazy (vrátane chronickej pankreatitídy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer pankreas hastalıkları (kronik pankreatit dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби підшлункової залози (включно з хронічним панкреатитом)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他胰腺疾病（包括慢性胰腺炎）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pancreatic Diseases","text":"The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control blood sugar levels. Problems with the pancreas can lead to many health problems. These include:\n• Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas: This happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself\n• Pancreatic cancer\n• Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in your pancreas\nThe pancreas also plays a role in diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked them. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del páncreas","text":"El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Los problemas en el páncreas pueden conducir a muchos problemas de salud. Entre ellos:\n• Pancreatitis o inflamación del páncreas: esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir al mismo páncreas\n• Cáncer de páncreas\n• Fibrosis quística, un trastorno genético en el que una secreción mucosa espesa y pegajosa pueden obstruir los conductos pancreáticos\nEl páncreas también tiene un papel en la diabetes. En la diabetes tipo I, las células beta del páncreas no producen insulina debido a una reacción del sistema inmunitario del cuerpo contra ellas. En la diabetes tipo 2, el páncreas pierde la capacidad de segregar suficiente insulina en respuesta a las comidas.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0339","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"gallbladder-bile-duct-and-pancreas-disorders-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/gallbladder-bile-duct-and-pancreas-disorders-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K87","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DE2Z","display":"Diseases of the digestive system, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1256772020/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1256772020/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gallbladder, bile duct and pancreas disorders in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale vezicii biliare, căilor biliare și pancreasului în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات المرارة والقنوات الصفراوية والبنكرياس في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy žlučníku, žlučových cest a slinivky u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krankheiten der Gallenblase, Gallenwege und des Pankreas bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές χοληδόχου, χοληφόρων και παγκρέατος σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de vesícula, vías biliares y páncreas en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections de la vésicule, des voies biliaires et du pancréas au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में पित्ताशय, पित्त नली और अग्न्याशय के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az epehólyag, az epeutak és a hasnyálmirigy betegségei egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi di colecisti, vie biliari e pancreas in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による胆のう・胆道・膵の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 담낭·담도·췌장 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby pęcherzyka, dróg żółciowych i trzustki w innych chorobach","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios da vesícula, vias biliares e pâncreas em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поражения желчного пузыря, желчных путей и поджелудочной железы при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy žlčníka, žlčových ciest a podžalúdkovej žľazy pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda safra kesesi, safra yolu ve pankreas bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ураження жовчного міхура, жовчних шляхів і підшлункової залози при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的胆囊、胆道和胰腺疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bile Duct Diseases","text":"Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your gallbladder stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.\nDifferent diseases can block the bile ducts and cause a problem with the flow of bile:\n• Gallstones, which can increase pressure in the gallbladder and cause a gallbladder attack. The pain usually lasts from one to several hours.\n• Cancer\n• Infections\n• Birth defects, such as biliary atresia. It is the most common reason for liver transplants in children in the United States.\n• Inflammation, which can cause scarring. Over time, this can lead to liver failure.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los ductos biliares","text":"El hígado produce un líquido digestivo llamado bilis. La vesícula biliar almacena la bilis entre comidas. Cuando usted come, la vesícula empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Estos transportan la bilis hasta el intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a digerir la grasa. También ayuda al intestino a eliminar toxina y desechos.\nDistintas enfermedades pueden bloquear los ductos biliares y causar un problema con el flujo de la bilis:\n• Cálculos biliares: Pueden aumentar la presión en la vesícula y causar un ataque de vesícula. El dolor puede durar de una a varias horas\n• Cáncer\n• Infecciones\n• Defectos congénitos, como la atresia biliar: Es la causa más común de trasplante de hígado infantil en Estados Unidos\n• Inflamación: Esto puede causar cicatrices. Con el tiempo, puede provocar insuficiencia hepática\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0340","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"intestinal-malabsorption-including-coeliac-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/intestinal-malabsorption-including-coeliac-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K90","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"DA96.0Z","display":"Intestinal malabsorption, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1526938195/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1526938195/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Intestinal malabsorption (including coeliac disease)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Malabsorbție intestinală (inclusiv boala celiacă)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سوء الامتصاص المعوي (بما في ذلك الداء البطني)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Střevní malabsorpce (včetně celiakie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Intestinale Malabsorption (einschließlich Zöliakie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εντερική δυσαπορρόφηση (περιλαμβάνεται η κοιλιοκάκη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Malabsorción intestinal (incluida la enfermedad celíaca)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Malabsorption intestinale (dont maladie cœliaque)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंतों में कुअवशोषण (सीलिएक रोग सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bélrendszeri felszívódási zavar (cöliákiával)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malassorbimento intestinale (inclusa la celiachia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腸管吸収不良（セリアック病を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"장 흡수장애(셀리악병 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia wchłaniania jelitowego (w tym celiakia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Má absorção intestinal (incluindo doença celíaca)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кишечная мальабсорбция (включая целиакию)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Črevná malabsorpcia (vrátane celiakie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bağırsakta emilim bozukluğu (çölyak hastalığı dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кишкова мальабсорбція (включно з целіакією)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肠道吸收不良（包括乳糜泻）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Malabsorption Syndromes","text":"Your small intestine does most of the digesting of the foods you eat. If you have a malabsorption syndrome, your small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from foods.\nCauses of malabsorption syndromes include:\n• Celiac disease\n• Lactose intolerance\n• Short bowel syndrome. This happens after surgery to remove half or more of the small intestine. You might need the surgery if you have a problem with the small intestine from a disease, injury, or birth defect.\n• Whipple disease, a rare bacterial infection\n• Genetic diseases\n• Certain medicines\nSymptoms of different malabsorption syndromes can vary. They often include chronic diarrhea, abnormal stools, weight loss, and gas. Your doctor may use lab, imaging, or other tests to make a diagnosis.\nTreatment of malabsorption syndromes depends on the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Síndromes de malabsorción","text":"Su intestino delgado hace la mayor parte de la digestión de las comidas que usted ingiere. Si usted sufre de un síndrome de malabsorción, su intestino delgado no puede absorber los nutrientes de los alimentos.\nLas causas de un síndrome de malabsorción incluyen:\n• Enfermedad celíaca\n• Intolerancia a la lactosa\n• Síndrome del intestino corto, que es el resultado de una cirugía para extirpar una gran parte del intestino delgado\n• Enfermedad de Whipple, una infección bacteriana rara\n• Enfermedades genéticas\n• Algunas medicinas\nEl tratamiento de los síndromes de malabsorción depende de su causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0324","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Malabsorption Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0341","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"staphylococcal-scalded-skin-syndrome","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/staphylococcal-scalded-skin-syndrome","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L00","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EA50.2","display":"Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1554593739","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1554593739"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindromul pielii opărite stafilococic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة الجلد المسموط العنقودية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Syndrom stafylokokové opařené kůže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Staphylogenes Lyell-Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο σταφυλοκοκκικού εγκαύματος του δέρματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de la piel escaldada estafilocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome d'épidermolyse staphylococcique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्टैफिलोकोकल स्कैल्डेड स्किन सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Staphylococcus okozta forrázott bőr szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome della cute ustionata da stafilococco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"포도알균 열상 피부 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gronkowcowy zespół oparzonej skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome da pele escaldada estafilocócica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Стафилококковый синдром обожжённой кожи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Syndróm stafylokokovej oparenej kože","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Stafilokokal haşlanmış deri sendromu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Стафілококовий синдром обпеченої шкіри","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0342","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"impetigo","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/impetigo","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L01","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1B72.Z","display":"Impetigo, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/971176543/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#971176543/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Impetigo","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Impétigo","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Impetigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"القوباء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Impetigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Impetigo (Grindflechte)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μολυσματικό κηρίο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Impétigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"इम्पेटिगो","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ótvar (impetigo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Impetigine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"伝染性膿痂疹（とびひ）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"농가진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Liszajec zakaźny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Impetigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Импетиго","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Impetigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İmpetigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Імпетиго","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脓疱疮","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Impetigo","text":"Impetigo is a skin infection caused by bacteria. It is usually caused by staphylococcal (staph) bacteria, but it can also be caused by streptococcal (strep) bacteria. It is most common in children between the ages of two and six. It usually starts when bacteria get into a break in the skin, such as a cut, scratch, or insect bite.\nSymptoms start with red or pimple-like sores surrounded by red skin. These sores can be anywhere, but usually they occur on your face, arms and legs. The sores fill with pus, then break open after a few days and form a thick crust. They are often itchy, but scratching them can spread the sores.\nImpetigo can spread by contact with sores or nasal discharge from an infected person. You can treat impetigo with antibiotics.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Impétigo","text":"El impétigo es una infección de la piel. Generalmente, es causada por la bacteria estafilococo pero algunas veces el estreptococo también puede causarla. Es más común en los niños entre dos y seis años. Suele comenzar cuando las bacterias entran por una grieta de la piel, como una cortadura, rasguño o picadura de un insecto.\nLos primeros síntomas son pequeñas llagas rojizas o similares a una espinilla rodeadas por piel enrojecida. Estas llagas suelen presentarse en la cara, los brazos y las piernas, aunque pueden encontrarse en otros lugares. Las llagas se llenan de pus, al cabo de algunos días se abren y forman una costra gruesa. Con frecuencia pican, pero rascarse puede diseminar las llagas.\nEl impétigo puede contagiarse por contacto con las lesiones o la secreción nasal de una persona infectada. Puede tratarse con antibióticos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0343","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cellulitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cellulitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L03","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"1B70.Z","display":"Bacterial cellulitis or lymphangitis due to unspecified bacterium","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2144774073/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2144774073/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cellulitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Celulitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Celulită (infecție a pielii)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب النسيج الخلوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Flegmóna (celulitida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Phlegmone (Zellulitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κυτταρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cellulite infectieuse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेल्युलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bőr alatti kötőszövet gyulladása (cellulitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cellulite infettiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"蜂窩織炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"봉와직염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie tkanki łącznej (cellulitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Celulite (infeção da pele)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Флегмона (целлюлит)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Flegmóna (celulitída)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Selülit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Флегмона (целюліт)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"蜂窝织炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cellulitis","text":"Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and deep underlying tissues. Group A strep (streptococcal) bacteria are the most common cause. The bacteria enter your body when you get an injury such as a bruise, burn, surgical cut, or wound.\nSymptoms include:\n• Fever and chills\n• Swollen glands or lymph nodes\n• A rash with painful, red, tender skin. The skin may blister and scab over.\nYour health care provider may take a sample or culture from your skin or do a blood test to identify the bacteria causing infection. Treatment is with antibiotics. They may be oral in mild cases, or intravenous (by IV) for more severe cases.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Celulitis","text":"La celulitis es una infección de la piel y los tejidos más profundos. El estreptococo del grupo A es la causa más común. La bacteria entra en su cuerpo cuando usted se lesiona la piel como sucede en una herida, quemadura o corte quirúrgico.\nLos síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Inflamación de los nódulos o ganglios linfáticos\n• Erupción dolorosa donde la piel se presenta roja y frágil. Se pueden formar ampollas y costras\nSu profesional de cuidados de salud puede tomar una muestra o cultivo de la piel o hacer un análisis de sangre para identificar la bacteria que está causando la infección. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos orales (por la boca) en el caso de casos leves o por vía intravenosa (a través de una vena) en los casos más severos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0344","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-lymphadenitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-lymphadenitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L04","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"BD90.0","display":"Acute lymphadenitis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1542124704","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1542124704"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acute lymphadenitis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Limfadenită acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب العقد اللمفاوية الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní zánět mízních uzlin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akute Lymphknotenentzündung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία λεμφαδενίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linfadenitis aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lymphadénite aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र लसीका ग्रंथि शोथ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut nyirokcsomó-gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linfoadenite acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性リンパ節炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 림프절염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostre zapalenie węzłów chłonnych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linfadenite aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый лимфаденит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútny zápal lymfatických uzlín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut lenfadenit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий лімфаденіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性淋巴结炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lymphatic Diseases","text":"The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs. It is made up of:\n• Lymph - a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs\n• Lymph vessels - vessels that carry lymph throughout your body. They are different from blood vessels.\n• Lymph nodes - glands found throughout the lymph vessels. Along with your spleen, these nodes are where white blood cells fight infection.\nYour bone marrow and thymus produce the cells in lymph. They are part of the system, too.\nThe lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. If it's not working properly, fluid builds in your tissues and causes swelling, called lymphedema. Other lymphatic system problems can include infections, blockage, and cancer.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del sistema linfático","text":"El sistema linfático es una red de tejidos y órganos. Está formado principalmente por:\n• Linfa: Un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos que defienden al cuerpo de los gérmenes\n• Vasos linfáticos: Son los vasos que transportan la linfa por todo el cuerpo, y son distintos a los vasos sanguíneos\n• Ganglios linfáticos: Son glándulas que se encuentran por todos los vasos linfáticos\nJunto al bazo, estos ganglios son donde los glóbulos blancos luchan contra las infecciones.\nLa médula ósea y el timo producen las células que se encuentran en la linfa. Ambos también son parte de este sistema.\nEl sistema linfático elimina la infección y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Si no funciona en forma adecuada, el líquido se acumula en los tejidos y causa una hinchazón llamada linfedema. Otros problemas del sistema linfático pueden incluir infecciones, bloqueos y cáncer.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0345","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"tailbone-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/tailbone-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L05","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Tailbone Disorders","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedades del cóccix","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Chist pilonidal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الكيس الشعري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pilonidální cysta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Steißbeinfistel (Pilonidalsinus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κύστη κόκκυγα (κόκκυγος)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Kyste pilonidal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पायलोनिडल सिस्ट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pilonidális ciszta (szőrcsomós ciszta)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cisti pilonidale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"毛巣嚢胞","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"모소낭","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Torbiel pilonidalna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Quisto pilonidal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпителиальный копчиковый ход","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pilonidálna cysta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pilonidal sinüs (kıl dönmesi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епітеліальний куприковий хід","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"藏毛囊肿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tailbone Disorders","text":"The tailbone is the small bone at the bottom of your backbone, or spine. Tailbone disorders include tailbone injuries, pain, infections, cysts and tumors. You rarely break your tailbone. Instead, most injuries cause bruises or pulled ligaments. A backward fall onto a hard surface, such as slipping on ice, is the most common cause of such injuries. Symptoms of various tailbone disorders include pain in the tailbone area, pain upon sitting, pain or numbness in the arms or legs due to pressure on nerves in the tailbone area, and a mass or growth you can see or feel.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tailbonedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del cóccix","text":"El cóccix es el pequeño hueso ubicado al final de la columna vertebral. Los trastornos del cóccix incluyen traumatismos, dolor, infecciones, quistes y tumores. Raramente se fractura. Pero los traumatismos provocan hematomas y distensión de los ligamentos. Una caída hacia atrás sobre una superficie dura, como resbalarse en el hielo, es la causa más común de estos traumatismos. Los síntomas de varios trastornos del cóccix incluyen dolor en el área del hueso, dolor al sentarse, dolor o entumecimiento en los brazos o las piernas debido a la presión sobre los nervios de la región del cóccix y una masa o crecimiento que puede ver o tocar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tailbonedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0346","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-local-skin-infections","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-local-skin-infections","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L08","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EA6Y","display":"Cutaneous involvement by other specified infection or infestation","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/384984571/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#384984571/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other local skin infections","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte infecții locale ale pielii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عداوى جلدية موضعية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné místní infekce kůže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere lokale Infektionen der Haut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες τοπικές λοιμώξεις του δέρματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras infecciones locales de la piel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres infections locales de la peau","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा के अन्य स्थानीय संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb helyi bőrfertőzések","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre infezioni locali della pelle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の皮膚の局所感染症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 국소 피부 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne miejscowe zakażenia skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras infeções locais da pele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие местные инфекции кожи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné miestne infekcie kože","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer yerel deri enfeksiyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші місцеві інфекції шкіри","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他局部皮肤感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Skin Infections","text":"What are skin infections?\nYour skin is your body's largest organ. It has many different functions, including covering and protecting your body. It helps keep germs out. But sometimes the germs can cause a skin infection. It often happens when the germs enter your body through a break, cut, or wound on your skin. Other skin infections can happen in places where the skin rubs together, especially if the area is moist. Infections can also happen when you have a poor blood supply to an area of your body or if your immune system is weakened because of another disease or a medical treatment.\nSome skin infections cover a small area on the top of your skin. Other infections can go deep into your skin or spread to a larger area.\nWhat causes skin infections?\nSkin infections are caused by different kinds of germs. For example,:\n• Bacteria cause cellulitis, impetigo, and staphylococcal (staph) infections\n• Viruses cause shingles, warts, and herpes simplex\n• Fungi cause athlete's foot and yeast infections\n• Parasites cause body lice, head lice, and scabies\nWho is more likely to get a skin infection?\nYou are more likely to get a skin infection if you:\n• Have poor circulation\n• Have diabetes\n• Are older\n• Have an immune system disease, such as HIV\n• Have a weakened immune system because of chemotherapy or other medicines that suppress your immune system\n• Have to stay in one position for a long time, such as if you are sick and have to stay in bed for a long time or you are paralyzed\n• Are malnourished\n• Have excessive skinfolds, which can happen if you have obesity\nWhat are the symptoms of skin infections?\nThe symptoms depend on the type of infection. Some symptoms that are common to many skin infections include rashes, swelling, redness, pain, pus, and itching.\nHow are skin infections diagnosed?\nTo diagnose a skin infection, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You may have lab tests, such as a skin culture. This is a test to identify what type of infection you have, using a sample from your skin. Your provider may take the sample by swabbing or scraping your skin or removing a small piece of skin (biopsy). Sometimes providers use other tests, such as blood tests.\nHow are skin infections treated?\nThe treatment depends on the type of infection and how serious it is. Some infections will go away on their own. When you do need treatment, it may include a cream or lotion to put on the skin. Other possible treatments include medicines and a procedure to drain pus.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones de la piel","text":"¿Qué son las infecciones de la piel?\nLa piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo. Tiene muchas funciones diferentes, incluyendo cubrir y proteger su cuerpo. Ayuda a mantener a distancia a los gérmenes, pero a veces estos pueden entrar al organismo a través de una infección en la piel. A menudo ocurre cuando los gérmenes ingresan al cuerpo a través de una herida, corte o herida en la piel. Otras infecciones de la piel pueden ocurrir en lugares donde la piel se frota, especialmente si está húmeda. Las infecciones también pueden ocurrir cuando tiene un suministro deficiente de sangre a un área del cuerpo o si su sistema inmunitario está debilitado debido a otra enfermedad o tratamiento médico.\nAlgunas infecciones de la piel cubren un área pequeña en la parte superior de la piel. Otras infecciones pueden penetrar profundamente o extenderse a un área más grande.\n¿Cuáles son las causas de las infecciones de la piel?\nLas infecciones de la piel son causadas por diferentes tipos de gérmenes. Por ejemplo:\n• Las bacterias causan celulitis, impétigo e infecciones por estafilococo\n• Los virus causan culebrilla, verrugas y herpes simple\n• Los hongos causan pie de atleta e infecciones por cándida\n• Los parásitos incluyen piojos del cuerpo, de la cabeza y sarna\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una infección de la piel?\nEs más probable que tenga una infección en la piel si:\n• Tiene mala circulación\n• Tiene diabetes\n• Es adulto mayor\n• Tiene una enfermedades del sistema inmunitario, como el VIH\n• Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado debido a la quimioterapia u otros medicamentos que bajan sus defensas\n• Tiene que permanecer en una posición durante mucho tiempo, por ejemplo, si tiene que estar acostado por una afección o si está paralizado\n• Está desnutrido\n• Tiene muchos pliegues en la piel, lo que puede ocurrir si tiene obesidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones de la piel?\nLos síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. Algunos síntomas comunes a muchas infecciones de la piel incluyen sarpullido, hinchazón, enrojecimiento, dolor, pus y picazón.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones de la piel?\nPara diagnosticar una infección de la piel, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y preguntará sobre sus síntomas. Es posible que le hagan pruebas de laboratorio, como un cultivo de piel, la que sirve para identificar qué tipo de infección tiene usando una muestra de su piel. Su profesional médico puede tomar la muestra con un hisopo o raspando su piel, o extrayendo un pequeño trozo de piel (biopsia). Algunas veces, se usan otras pruebas, como exámenes de sangre.\n¿Cómo se tratan las infecciones de la piel?\nEl tratamiento depende del tipo de infección y de su gravedad. Algunas infecciones desaparecerán por sí solas. Cuando necesite tratamiento, puede incluir una crema o loción para la piel. Otros tratamientos posibles incluyen medicamentos y un procedimiento para drenar el pus.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0347","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pemphigus-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pemphigus-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L10","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفقاع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πέμφιγα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pénfigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेम्फिगस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"天疱瘡","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"천포창","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pęcherzyca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pênfigo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пузырчатка (пемфигус)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пухирчатка (пемфігус)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"天疱疮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigus","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pemphigus","text":"Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder. If you have it, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your skin and mouth, causing blisters and sores. No one knows the cause. Pemphigus does not spread from person to person. It does not appear to be inherited. But some people's genes put them more at risk for pemphigus.\nPemphigoid is also an autoimmune skin disease. It leads to deep blisters that do not break easily. Pemphigoid is most common in older adults and may be fatal for older, sick patients.\nDoctors diagnose pemphigus with a physical exam, a biopsy, and blood tests. The treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid is the same: one or more medicines to control symptoms. These may include:\n• Steroids, which reduce inflammation\n• Drugs that suppress the immune system response\n• Antibiotics to treat associated infections\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pemphigus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pénfigo","text":"El pénfigo vulgar es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria en la que los anticuerpos atacan a células sanas en su piel y boca, causando ampollas y llagas. No se sabe la causa de este ataque. El pénfigo no se pasa de persona a persona. Tampoco pareciera ser heredado. Pero algunas personas tienen mayor riesgo genético de contraer pénfigo.\nEl pénfigo foliáceo es también una enfermedad autoinmunitaria de la piel. Genera ampollas profundas que no se rompen fácilmente. Es más común en personas mayores y puede ser fatal.\nLos médicos diagnostican el pénfigo a través de un examen físico, una biopsia y pruebas de sangre. El tratamiento para el pénfigo vulgar y foliáceo es el mismo, una o más medicinas para controlar los síntomas. Estas pueden incluir:\n• Corticoides, que reducen la inflamación\n• Drogas que suprimen la respuesta del sistema inmunitario\n• Antibióticos para tratar las infecciones concurrentes\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0348","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pemphigoid-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pemphigoid-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L12","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"شبيه الفقاع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πεμφιγοειδές","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Penfigoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigoïde","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेम्फिगॉइड","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"類天疱瘡","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"유천포창","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Penfigoide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пемфигоид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pemfigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пемфігоїд","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"类天疱疮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pemphigoid","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pemphigus","text":"Pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder. If you have it, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your skin and mouth, causing blisters and sores. No one knows the cause. Pemphigus does not spread from person to person. It does not appear to be inherited. But some people's genes put them more at risk for pemphigus.\nPemphigoid is also an autoimmune skin disease. It leads to deep blisters that do not break easily. Pemphigoid is most common in older adults and may be fatal for older, sick patients.\nDoctors diagnose pemphigus with a physical exam, a biopsy, and blood tests. The treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid is the same: one or more medicines to control symptoms. These may include:\n• Steroids, which reduce inflammation\n• Drugs that suppress the immune system response\n• Antibiotics to treat associated infections\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pemphigus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pénfigo","text":"El pénfigo vulgar es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria en la que los anticuerpos atacan a células sanas en su piel y boca, causando ampollas y llagas. No se sabe la causa de este ataque. El pénfigo no se pasa de persona a persona. Tampoco pareciera ser heredado. Pero algunas personas tienen mayor riesgo genético de contraer pénfigo.\nEl pénfigo foliáceo es también una enfermedad autoinmunitaria de la piel. Genera ampollas profundas que no se rompen fácilmente. Es más común en personas mayores y puede ser fatal.\nLos médicos diagnostican el pénfigo a través de un examen físico, una biopsia y pruebas de sangre. El tratamiento para el pénfigo vulgar y foliáceo es el mismo, una o más medicinas para controlar los síntomas. Estas pueden incluir:\n• Corticoides, que reducen la inflamación\n• Drogas que suprimen la respuesta del sistema inmunitario\n• Antibióticos para tratar las infecciones concurrentes\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0349","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"atopic-eczema-atopic-dermatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/atopic-eczema-atopic-dermatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L20","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EA80.Z","display":"Atopic eczema, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/215767047/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#215767047/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dermatită atopică (eczemă atopică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجلد التأتبي (الإكزيما)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Atopický ekzém","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Neurodermitis (atopische Dermatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ατοπική δερματίτιδα (έκζεμα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dermatitis atópica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite atopique (eczéma atopique)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एटोपिक डर्मेटाइटिस (एक्ज़िमा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Atópiás dermatitisz (ekcéma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite atopica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アトピー性皮膚炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아토피 피부염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Atopowe zapalenie skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite atópica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Атопический дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Atopický ekzém","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Atopik dermatit (egzama)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Атопічний дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"特应性皮炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eczema","text":"Eczema is a term for several different types of skin swelling. Eczema is also called dermatitis. Most types cause dry, itchy skin and rashes on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Scratching the skin can cause it to turn red, and to swell and itch even more.\nEczema is not contagious. The cause of eczema is unknown. It is likely caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Eczema may get better or worse over time, but it is often a long-lasting disease. People who have it may also develop hay fever and asthma.\nThe most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis. It is most common in babies and children, but adults can have it too. As children who have atopic dermatitis grow older, this problem may get better or go away. But sometimes the skin may stay dry and get irritated easily.\nTreatments may include medicines, skin creams, light therapy, and good skin care. You can prevent some types of eczema by avoiding:\n• Things that irritate your skin, such as certain soaps, fabrics, and lotions\n• Stress\n• Things you are allergic to, such as food, pollen, and animals\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Eccema","text":"Eccema es un término que designa varios tipos distintos de hinchazón de la piel. También se llama dermatitis. La mayoría de los tipos causa sequedad y comezón en la piel, además de sarpullido en la cara, al interior de los codos y detrás de las rodillas; y en las manos y los pies. Rascarse la piel puede enrojecerla, aumentando la hinchazón y picazón.\nEl eccema no es contagioso. No se conoce la causa del eccema. Es probable que sea causada por factores genéticos y ambientales. El eccema puede mejorar o empeorar con el tiempo, pero a menudo es una enfermedad de larga duración. Las personas que la padecen también pueden desarrollar fiebre del heno y asma.\nEl tipo más común de eccema es la dermatitis atópica. Es más común en los bebés y los niños, pero también puede afectar a los adultos. A medida que los niños con dermatitis atópica crecen, el problema puede mejorar o desaparecer. Pero a veces la piel puede permanecer seca e irritarse fácilmente.\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, cremas para la piel, terapia de luz y un buen cuidado de la piel. Usted puede prevenir algunos tipos de eccema, evitando:\n• Las cosas que irritan la piel, como ciertos jabones, telas y lociones\n• El estrés\n• Las cosas que le causan alergia, como ciertos alimentos, el polen y los animales\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0350","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dandruff-cradle-cap-and-other-scalp-conditions","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dandruff-cradle-cap-and-other-scalp-conditions","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L21","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EA81.Z","display":"Seborrhoeic dermatitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1771541907/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1771541907/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Caspa, costra láctea y otras afecciones del cuero cabelludo","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dermatită seboreică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجلد الدهني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Seboroická dermatitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Seborrhoische Dermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σμηγματορροϊκή δερματίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite séborrhéique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेबोरिक डर्मेटाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szeborreás dermatitisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite seborroica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脂漏性皮膚炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"지루성 피부염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Łojotokowe zapalenie skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite seborreica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Себорейный дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Seboroická dermatitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Seboreik dermatit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Себорейний дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脂溢性皮炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Seborrhea"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions","text":"Your scalp is the skin on the top of your head. Unless you have hair loss, hair grows on your scalp. Different skin problems can affect your scalp.\nDandruff is a flaking of the skin. The flakes are yellow or white. Dandruff may make your scalp feel itchy. It usually starts after puberty, and is more common in men. Dandruff is usually a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis, or seborrhea. It is a skin condition that can also cause redness and irritation of the skin.\nMost of the time, using a dandruff shampoo can help control your dandruff. If that does not work, contact your health care provider.\nThere is a type of seborrheic dermatitis that babies can get. It is called cradle cap. It usually lasts a few months, and then goes away on its own. Besides the scalp, it can sometimes affect other parts of the body, such as the eyelids, armpits, groin, and ears. Normally, washing your baby's hair every day with a mild shampoo and gently rubbing their scalp with your fingers or a soft brush can help. For severe cases, your health care provider may give you a prescription shampoo or cream to use.\nOther problems that can affect the scalp include:\n• Scalp ringworm, a fungal infection that causes itchy, red patches on your head. It can also leave bald spots. It usually affects children.\n• Scalp psoriasis, which causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. About half of the people with psoriasis have it on their scalp.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Caspa, costra láctea y otras afecciones del cuero cabelludo","text":"El cuero cabelludo es la piel que cubre la parte superior de su cabeza. A menos que se le caiga el pelo, el cabello crece en el cuero cabelludo. Diferentes problemas de la piel pueden afectar su cuero cabelludo.\nLa caspa es una descamación de la piel. Las escamas son amarillas o blancas. La caspa puede provocar picazón en su cuero cabelludo. Por lo general, comienza después de la pubertad y es más común en los hombres. Usualmente, la caspa es un síntoma de la dermatitis seborreica o seborrea, una afección de la piel que causa enrojecimiento e irritación.\nLa mayoría de las veces, el uso de un champú anticaspa puede ayudar a controlar la caspa. Si eso no funciona, contacte a su proveedor de salud.\nHay un tipo de dermatitis seborreica que puede afectar a los bebés, la costra láctea. Por lo general, dura unos pocos meses y luego desaparece por sí sola. Además del cuero cabelludo, a veces puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, como los párpados, las axilas, la ingle y las orejas. Lavar el cabello de su bebé todos los días con un champú suave y frotar suavemente el cuero cabelludo con los dedos o con un cepillo suave puede ayudar. Para los casos severos, el médico puede recetarle algún champú o crema.\nOtros problemas que pueden afectar el cuero cabelludo incluyen:\n• Tiña del cuero cabelludo: Infección por hongos que causa manchas rojas en la cabeza que causan picazón. También puede dejar áreas calvas. Por lo general, afecta a los niños\n• Psoriasis del cuero cabelludo: Causa manchas que pican o piel gruesa, roja con escamas plateadas que provocan dolor. Cerca de la mitad de las personas con psoriasis la presentan en su cuero cabelludo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0351","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"nappy-rash-diaper-dermatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/nappy-rash-diaper-dermatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L22","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EH40.1Z","display":"Infantile napkin dermatoses, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1122238335/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1122238335/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nappy rash (diaper dermatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dermatită de scutec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجلد الحفاضي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Plenková dermatitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Windeldermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δερματίτιδα από πάνα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dermatitis del pañal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Érythème fessier du nourrisson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डायपर रैश","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pelenkadermatitisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite da pannolino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"おむつかぶれ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기저귀 발진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pieluszkowe zapalenie skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite das fraldas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пелёночный дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Plienková dermatitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pişik (bebek bezi dermatiti)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пелюшковий дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"尿布皮炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Common Infant and Newborn Problems","text":"It is hard when your baby is sick. Common health problems in babies include colds, coughs, fevers, and vomiting. Babies also commonly have skin problems, like diaper rash or cradle cap.\nMany of these problems are not serious. It is important to know how to help your sick baby, and to know the warning signs for more serious problems. Trust your intuition - if you are worried about your baby, call your health care provider right away.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos","text":"Es un momento difícil cuando su bebé está enfermo. Los problemas de salud más comunes en los bebés incluyen resfríos, tos, fiebre y vómitos. Los bebes también puede tener problemas de piel, como sarpullido del pañal o costra láctea.\nMuchos de estos problemas no son serios. Es importante saber cómo ayudar a su bebé enfermo y cómo reconocer las señales de aviso de problemas más serios. Confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0352","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"allergic-contact-dermatitis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/allergic-contact-dermatitis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L23","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dermatită alergică de contact","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجلد التماسي التحسسي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alergická kontaktní dermatitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Allergische Kontaktdermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλλεργική δερματίτιδα εξ επαφής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dermatitis alérgica de contacto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite allergique de contact","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एलर्जिक संपर्क डर्मेटाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Allergiás kontakt dermatitisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite allergica da contatto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アレルギー性接触皮膚炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알레르기성 접촉 피부염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Alergiczne kontaktowe zapalenie skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dermatite alérgica de contacto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аллергический контактный дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alergická kontaktná dermatitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alerjik kontakt dermatit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Алергічний контактний дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"过敏性接触性皮炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Allergic contact dermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Allergy","text":"An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that does not bother most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing. Substances that often cause reactions are:\n• Pollen\n• Dust mites\n• Mold spores\n• Pet dander\n• Food\n• Insect stings\n• Medicines\nNormally, your immune system fights germs. It is your body's defense system. In most allergic reactions, however, it is responding to a false alarm. Genes and the environment probably both play a role.\nAllergies can cause a variety of symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, itching, rashes, swelling, or asthma. Allergies can range from minor to severe. Anaphylaxis is a severe reaction that can be life-threatening. Doctors use skin and blood tests to diagnose allergies. Treatments include medicines, allergy shots, and avoiding the substances that cause the reactions.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Alergia","text":"Una alergia es una reacción de su sistema inmunitario hacia algo que no molesta a la mayoría de las demás personas. Quienes tienen alergias suelen ser sensibles a más de una cosa. Las sustancias que suelen causar reacciones son:\n• Polen\n• Ácaros del polvo\n• Esporas de moho\n• Caspa de animales\n• Alimentos\n• Picaduras de insectos\n• Medicinas\nNormalmente, su sistema inmunitario combate los gérmenes. Es el sistema de defensa de su cuerpo. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las reacciones alérgicas responde a una falsa alarma. Los genes y el medio ambiente probablemente tienen un rol en las alergias.\nLas alergias pueden provocar una serie de síntomas como goteos nasales, estornudos, picazón, sarpullidos, edema (hinchazón) o asma. Las alergias van de leves a severas. Una reacción severa llamada anafilaxia puede resultar fatal. Los médicos usan pruebas de piel y sangre para diagnosticar las alergias. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, inyecciones y evitar las sustancias que causan las alergias.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0353","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"psoriasis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/psoriasis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L40","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EA90.Z","display":"Psoriasis of unspecified type","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/63698555/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#63698555/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Psoriasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Psoriasis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Psoriazis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الصدفية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lupénka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schuppenflechte (Psoriasis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ψωρίαση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Psoriasis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सोरायसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pikkelysömör","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Psoriasi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"乾癬","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"건선","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Łuszczyca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Psoríase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Псориаз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Psoriáza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sedef hastalığı (psoriazis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Псоріаз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"银屑病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Psoriasis","text":"Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. You usually get the patches on your elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet, but they can show up on other parts of your body. Some people who have psoriasis also get a form of arthritis called psoriatic arthritis.\nA problem with your immune system causes psoriasis. In a process called cell turnover, skin cells that grow deep in your skin rise to the surface. Normally, this takes a month. In psoriasis, it happens in just days because your cells rise too fast.\nPsoriasis can be hard to diagnose because it can look like other skin diseases. Your doctor might need to look at a small skin sample under a microscope.\nPsoriasis can last a long time, even a lifetime. Symptoms come and go. Things that make them worse include:\n• Infections\n• Stress\n• Dry skin\n• Certain medicines\nPsoriasis usually occurs in adults. It sometimes runs in families. Treatments include creams, medicines, and light therapy.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Psoriasis","text":"La psoriasis es una enfermedad de la piel que causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel engrosada y enrojecida con escamas plateadas. Suele aparecer en los hombros, las rodillas, el cuero cabelludo, la espalda, la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies, pero también puede presentarse en otras partes del cuerpo. Algunas personas con esta afección pueden adquirir una forma de artritis conocida como artritis psoriásica.\nLa causa de la psoriasis es un problema en el sistema inmunitario. En un proceso llamado recambio celular, las células de la piel que crecen en la parte más profunda de la piel avanzan hacia la superficie. Normalmente, esto demora un mes. En la psoriasis, ocurre en algunos días debido a que las células avanzan demasiado rápido.\nLa psoriasis puede persistir por mucho tiempo, incluso durante toda la vida. Los síntomas aparecen y desaparecen y los factores que pueden empeorarlos incluyen:\n• Infecciones\n• Estrés\n• Piel reseca\n• Ciertas medicinas\nLa psoriasis suele ocurrir entre los adultos. Algunas veces es hereditaria. Los tratamientos incluyen cremas, medicinas y fototerapia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0007","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0019","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0035","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0041","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0080","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0081","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0124","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0156","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0164","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0169","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0189","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0221","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0287","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0308","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0316","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0337","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0360","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0354","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"scaly-skin-disorders-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/scaly-skin-disorders-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L45","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Scaly skin disorders in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni cutanate papuloscuamoase în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات حطاطية حرشفية في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Papuloskvamózní poruchy u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Papulosquamöse Hautkrankheiten bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βλατιδολεπιδώδεις διαταραχές σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos papuloescamosos en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dermatoses papulo-squameuses au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में पपड़ीदार त्वचा विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Papulosquamosus bőrbetegségek egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi papulosquamosi in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による丘疹鱗屑性障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 구진인설성 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zmiany grudkowo-złuszczające w innych chorobach","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios papuloescamosos em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Папулосквамозные поражения кожи при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Papuloskvamózne poruchy pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda papüloskuamöz bozukluklar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Папулосквамозні ураження шкіри при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的丘疹鳞屑性疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0355","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"sunburn-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/sunburn-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L55","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EJ40.Z","display":"Sunburn, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/318744822/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#318744822/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Arsură solară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حروق الشمس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spálení od slunce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sonnenbrand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ηλιακό έγκαυμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Quemadura solar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Coup de soleil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"धूप से झुलसना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Napégés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Scottatura solare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"日焼け（日光皮膚炎）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"일광화상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Oparzenie słoneczne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Queimadura solar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Солнечный ожог","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spálenie od slnka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Güneş yanığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сонячний опік","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"晒伤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sunburn","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sun Exposure","text":"Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can pass through your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. Suntans aren't healthy, either. They appear after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature. They can also cause eye problems, wrinkles, skin spots, and skin cancer.\nTo protect yourself :\n• Stay out of the sun when it is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.)\n• Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher\n• Wear protective clothing\n• Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100% UV ray protection\n• Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds\nCheck your skin regularly for changes in the size, shape, color, or feel of birthmarks, moles, and spots. Such changes are a sign of skin cancer.\nFood and Drug Administration","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Exposición al sol","text":"Los rayos ultravioleta (UV) son una forma invisible de radiación. Pueden penetrar la piel y dañar las células. Las quemaduras de sol son un signo de daño en la piel. El bronceado tampoco es saludable. Aparece después que los rayos del sol ya mataron algunas células y dañaron otras. Los rayos UV pueden causar lesiones en la piel durante cualquier estación del año y a cualquier temperatura. También pueden causar problemas en los ojos, arrugas, manchas en la piel y cáncer de piel.\nPara protegerse:\n• Manténgase alejado del sol cuando sus rayos son más fuertes (entre las 10 a.m. y las 2 p.m.)\n• Use protector solar con un SPF de 15 o más\n• Utilice ropa protectora\n• Use anteojos de sol con buena cobertura que le brinden 100% de protección contra los rayos UV\n• Evite las lámparas solares y las camas para broncearse\nRevise su piel con regularidad para detectar cambios en el tamaño, la forma, el color o la textura de sus marcas de nacimiento, lunares y manchas. Esos cambios pueden ser un signo de cáncer en la piel.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0356","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-acute-skin-changes-from-sunlight-uv","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-acute-skin-changes-from-sunlight-uv","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L56","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EJ4Z","display":"Acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on normal skin, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/875262703/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#875262703/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other acute skin changes from sunlight (UV)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte modificări cutanate acute cauzate de radiațiile ultraviolete","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تغيرات جلدية حادة أخرى بسبب الأشعة فوق البنفسجية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné akutní kožní změny způsobené UV zářením","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere akute Hautveränderungen durch UV-Strahlung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες οξείες δερματικές αλλοιώσεις από υπεριώδη ακτινοβολία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros cambios cutáneos agudos por radiación ultravioleta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres modifications cutanées aiguës dues aux UV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"धूप (यूवी) से त्वचा में अन्य तीव्र बदलाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"UV-sugárzás okozta egyéb akut bőrelváltozások","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre alterazioni cutanee acute da raggi UV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"紫外線によるその他の急性皮膚変化","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자외선에 의한 기타 급성 피부 변화","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne ostre zmiany skórne wywołane promieniowaniem UV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras alterações cutâneas agudas por radiação UV","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие острые изменения кожи от ультрафиолета","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné akútne kožné zmeny spôsobené UV žiarením","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ultraviyole ışına bağlı diğer akut deri değişiklikleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші гострі зміни шкіри від ультрафіолету","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"紫外线所致其他急性皮肤改变","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sun Exposure","text":"Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can pass through your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. Suntans aren't healthy, either. They appear after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature. They can also cause eye problems, wrinkles, skin spots, and skin cancer.\nTo protect yourself :\n• Stay out of the sun when it is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.)\n• Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher\n• Wear protective clothing\n• Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100% UV ray protection\n• Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds\nCheck your skin regularly for changes in the size, shape, color, or feel of birthmarks, moles, and spots. Such changes are a sign of skin cancer.\nFood and Drug Administration","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Exposición al sol","text":"Los rayos ultravioleta (UV) son una forma invisible de radiación. Pueden penetrar la piel y dañar las células. Las quemaduras de sol son un signo de daño en la piel. El bronceado tampoco es saludable. Aparece después que los rayos del sol ya mataron algunas células y dañaron otras. Los rayos UV pueden causar lesiones en la piel durante cualquier estación del año y a cualquier temperatura. También pueden causar problemas en los ojos, arrugas, manchas en la piel y cáncer de piel.\nPara protegerse:\n• Manténgase alejado del sol cuando sus rayos son más fuertes (entre las 10 a.m. y las 2 p.m.)\n• Use protector solar con un SPF de 15 o más\n• Utilice ropa protectora\n• Use anteojos de sol con buena cobertura que le brinden 100% de protección contra los rayos UV\n• Evite las lámparas solares y las camas para broncearse\nRevise su piel con regularidad para detectar cambios en el tamaño, la forma, el color o la textura de sus marcas de nacimiento, lunares y manchas. Esos cambios pueden ser un signo de cáncer en la piel.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0357","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"skin-damage-from-long-term-sun-exposure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/skin-damage-from-long-term-sun-exposure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L57","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EJ2Y","display":"Other specified chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/51983773/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#51983773/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Skin damage from long-term sun exposure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Modificări cutanate prin expunere cronică la radiații neionizante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تلف الجلد بسبب التعرض الطويل للشمس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kožní změny z dlouhodobého vystavení slunci","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hautschäden durch chronische Sonnenexposition","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δερματικές βλάβες από χρόνια έκθεση στον ήλιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Daño cutáneo por exposición solar crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésions cutanées dues à l'exposition chronique au soleil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लंबे समय तक धूप में रहने से त्वचा की क्षति","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus napfény okozta bőrkárosodás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Danni cutanei da esposizione solare cronica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"長期の日光曝露による皮膚変化","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"장기간 햇빛 노출에 의한 피부 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zmiany skórne spowodowane przewlekłą ekspozycją na słońce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesões cutâneas por exposição solar crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Изменения кожи от длительного воздействия солнца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kožné zmeny z dlhodobého vystavenia slnku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Uzun süreli güneşe maruz kalmaya bağlı deri hasarı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зміни шкіри від тривалого впливу сонця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"长期日晒所致皮肤损害","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sun Exposure","text":"Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can pass through your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. Suntans aren't healthy, either. They appear after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature. They can also cause eye problems, wrinkles, skin spots, and skin cancer.\nTo protect yourself :\n• Stay out of the sun when it is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.)\n• Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher\n• Wear protective clothing\n• Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100% UV ray protection\n• Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds\nCheck your skin regularly for changes in the size, shape, color, or feel of birthmarks, moles, and spots. Such changes are a sign of skin cancer.\nFood and Drug Administration","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Exposición al sol","text":"Los rayos ultravioleta (UV) son una forma invisible de radiación. Pueden penetrar la piel y dañar las células. Las quemaduras de sol son un signo de daño en la piel. El bronceado tampoco es saludable. Aparece después que los rayos del sol ya mataron algunas células y dañaron otras. Los rayos UV pueden causar lesiones en la piel durante cualquier estación del año y a cualquier temperatura. También pueden causar problemas en los ojos, arrugas, manchas en la piel y cáncer de piel.\nPara protegerse:\n• Manténgase alejado del sol cuando sus rayos son más fuertes (entre las 10 a.m. y las 2 p.m.)\n• Use protector solar con un SPF de 15 o más\n• Utilice ropa protectora\n• Use anteojos de sol con buena cobertura que le brinden 100% de protección contra los rayos UV\n• Evite las lámparas solares y las camas para broncearse\nRevise su piel con regularidad para detectar cambios en el tamaño, la forma, el color o la textura de sus marcas de nacimiento, lunares y manchas. Esos cambios pueden ser un signo de cáncer en la piel.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0358","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"radiation-dermatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/radiation-dermatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L58","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Radiation dermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Radiodermită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجلد الإشعاعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Radiační dermatitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Strahlendermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ακτινοδερματίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Radiodermatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Radiodermite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"विकिरण डर्मेटाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Sugárdermatitisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Radiodermatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"放射線皮膚炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"방사선 피부염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Popromienne zapalenie skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Radiodermatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лучевой дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Radiačná dermatitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Radyasyon dermatiti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Променевий дерматит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"放射性皮炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Radiation Exposure","text":"What is radiation?\nRadiation is energy. It travels in the form of energy waves or high-speed particles. Radiation can occur naturally or be man-made. There are two types:\n• Non-ionizing radiation, which includes radio waves, cell phones, microwaves, infrared radiation and visible light\n• Ionizing radiation, which includes ultraviolet radiation, radon, x-rays, and gamma rays\nWhat are the sources of radiation exposure?\nBackground radiation is all around us all the time. Most of it forms naturally from minerals. These radioactive minerals are in the ground, soil, water, and even our bodies. Background radiation can also come from outer space and the sun. Other sources are man-made, such as x-rays, radiation therapy to treat cancer, and electrical power lines.\nWhat are the health effects of radiation exposure?\nRadiation has been around us throughout our evolution. So our bodies are designed to deal with the low levels we're exposed to every day. But too much radiation can damage tissues by changing cell structure and damaging DNA. This can cause serious health problems, including cancer.\nThe amount of damage that exposure to radiation can cause depends on several factors, including:\n• The type of radiation\n• The dose (amount) of radiation\n• How you were exposed, such as through skin contact, swallowing or breathing it in, or having rays pass through your body\n• Where the radiation concentrates in the body and how long it stays there\n• How sensitive your body is to radiation. A fetus is most vulnerable to the effects of radiation. Infants, children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems are more vulnerable to health effects than healthy adults.\nBeing exposed to a lot of radiation over a short period of time, such as from a radiation emergency, can cause skin burns. It may also lead to acute radiation syndrome (ARS, or \"radiation sickness\"). The symptoms of ARS include headache and diarrhea. They usually start within hours. Those symptoms will go away and the person will seem healthy for a little while. But then they will get sick again. How soon they get sick again, which symptoms they have, and how sick they get depends on the amount of radiation they received. In some cases, ARS causes death in the following days or weeks.\nExposure to low levels of radiation in the environment does not cause immediate health effects. But it can slightly increase your overall risk of cancer.\nWhat are the treatments for acute radiation sickness?\nBefore they start treatment, health care professionals need to figure out how much radiation your body absorbed. They will ask about your symptoms, do blood tests, and may use a device that measures radiation. They also try get more information about the exposure, such as what type of radiation it was, how far away you were from the source of the radiation, and how long you were exposed.\nTreatment focuses on reducing and treating infections, preventing dehydration, and treating injuries and burns. Some people may need treatments that help the bone marrow recover its function. If you were exposed to certain types of radiation, your provider may give you a treatment that limits or removes the contamination that is inside your body. You may also get treatments for your symptoms.\nHow can radiation exposure be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to prevent or reduce radiation exposure:\n• If your health care provider recommends a test that uses radiation, ask about its risks and benefits. In some cases, you may be able to have a different test that does not use radiation. But if you do need a test that uses radiation, do some research into the local imaging facilities. Find one that monitors and uses techniques to reduce the doses they are giving patients.\n• Reduce electromagnetic radiation exposure from your cell phone. At this time, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. More research is needed to be sure. But if you still have concerns, you can reduce how much time you spend on your phone. You can also use speaker mode or a headset to place more distance between your head and the cell phone.\n• If you live in a house, test the radon levels, and if you need to, get a radon reduction system.\n• During a radiation emergency, get inside a building to take shelter. Stay inside, with all of the windows and doors shut. Stay tuned to and follow the advice of emergency responders and officials.\nEnvironmental Protection Agency","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Exposición a la radiación","text":"¿Qué es la radiación?\nLa radiación es energía que viaja en forma de ondas o partículas de alta velocidad. Puede ocurrir naturalmente o ser creada por el hombre. Existen dos tipos:\n• Radiación no ionizante: Incluye ondas de radio, teléfonos celulares, microondas, radiación infrarroja y luz visible\n• Radiación ionizante: Incluye radiación ultravioleta, radón, rayos X y rayos gamma\n¿Cuáles son las fuentes de la exposición a la radiación?\nLa radiación natural nos rodea todo el tiempo. La mayoría proviene naturalmente de los minerales. Estos se encuentran en la tierra, suelo, agua o incluso nuestros cuerpos. Esta radiactividad natural también proviene del espacio exterior y el sol. Otras fuentes son creadas por el hombre, como los rayos X, la radioterapia para tratar el cáncer o las líneas eléctricas.\n¿Qué efectos en la salud tiene la exposición a la radiación?\nLa radiación ha estado a nuestro alrededor a lo largo de nuestra evolución. Por ello, nuestros cuerpos se han adaptado para lidiar con los niveles bajos a los que estamos expuestos todos los días. Pero demasiada radiación puede dañar los tejidos al cambiar la estructura celular y dañar el ADN. Esto puede causar serios problemas de salud, incluyendo el cáncer.\nLa cantidad de daño que cause la exposición a la radiación depende de varios factores, incluyendo:\n• El tipo de radiación\n• La dosis (cantidad) de radiación\n• Cómo estuvo usted expuesto, como a través del contacto de la piel, tragarla o respirarla, o a través de rayos que pasaron por su cuerpo\n• Dónde se concentró la radiación en su cuerpo y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto\n• Qué tan sensible es su cuerpo a la radiación. Un feto es el más vulnerable a los efectos de la radiación. Los bebés, niños, las personas mayores, mujeres embarazadas y problemas con problemas del sistema inmunitario son más vulnerables que los adultos sanos\nEstar expuesto a una gran cantidad de radiación durante un corto período de tiempo, como durante una emergencias causadas por la radiación, puede causar quemaduras en la piel. También puede conducir al síndrome de radiación aguda o \"enfermedad por radiación\". Los síntomas incluyen dolor de cabeza y diarrea. Por lo general, comienzan dentro de unas horas. Esos síntomas desaparecerán y la persona parecerá saludable por un tiempo. Pero luego se enfermará de nuevo. La rapidez con la que se vuelven a enfermar, sus síntomas y la intensidad de la enfermedad depende de la cantidad de radiación a la que estuvieron expuestos. En algunos casos, este síndrome causa la muerte en los siguientes días o semanas.\nLa exposición a niveles bajos de radiación en el ambiente no causa efectos inmediatos en la salud, pero puede aumentar levemente su riesgo general de cáncer.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad por radiación aguda?\nAntes de que comenzar el tratamiento, los profesionales de la salud deben saber cuánta radiación absorbió su cuerpo. Le preguntarán sobre sus síntomas, le realizarán análisis de sangre y pueden usar un dispositivo para medir la radiación. También obtendrán más información sobre la exposición, como el tipo de radiación, qué tan lejos estaba de la fuente y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto.\nEl tratamiento se enfoca en reducir y tratar infecciones, prevenir la deshidratación y tratar lesiones y quemaduras. Algunas personas pueden necesitar tratamientos que ayuden a recuperar la función de la médula ósea. Si estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, su proveedor puede darle un tratamiento que limite o elimine la contaminación de su cuerpo. También puede recibir tratamientos para sus síntomas.\n¿Cómo se puede prevenir la exposición a la radiación?\nExisten cosas que puede tomar para prevenir o reducir la exposición a la radiación:\n• Si su proveedor de atención médica recomienda una prueba que usa radiación, pregunte sobre sus riesgos y beneficios. En algunos casos, es posible que pueda realizarse una prueba diferente que no usa radiación. Pero si necesita una prueba que use radiación, investigue un poco sobre las instalaciones de pruebas de imágenes donde usted vive. Encuentre uno que monitoree y use técnicas para reducir las dosis que entregan a los pacientes\n• Reduzca la exposición a la radiación electromagnética de su teléfono celular. En la actualidad, la evidencia científica no ha encontrado un vínculo entre el uso de teléfonos celulares y problemas de salud en los seres humanos. Se necesita más investigación para estar seguro. Pero si aún tiene inquietudes, puede reducir la cantidad de tiempo que usa su teléfono. También puede usar el modo de altavoz (speaker) o un manos libres para colocar más distancia entre usted y su celular\n• Si vive en una casa, mida los niveles de gas radón y, si es necesario, obtenga un sistema de reducción de radón\n• Durante una emergencia de radiación, entre en un edificio para refugiarse. Manténgase bajo techo con todas las ventanas y puertas cerradas. Esté atento y siga las instrucciones de los servicios y funcionarios de emergencia","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0359","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-radiation-related-skin-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-radiation-related-skin-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L59","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EK5Y","display":"Other specified skin disorders provoked by external factors","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1223380074/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1223380074/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other radiation-related skin disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale pielii legate de radiații","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات جلدية أخرى مرتبطة بالإشعاع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné kožní poruchy související se zářením","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere strahlenbedingte Hautkrankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες δερματικές διαταραχές σχετιζόμενες με ακτινοβολία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos cutáneos relacionados con la radiación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections cutanées liées aux rayonnements","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"विकिरण से जुड़े अन्य त्वचा विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb sugárzással összefüggő bőrbetegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi cutanei da radiazioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の放射線関連皮膚障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 방사선 관련 피부 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zaburzenia skóry związane z promieniowaniem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios cutâneos relacionados com radiação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие поражения кожи, связанные с излучением","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné kožné poruchy súvisiace so žiarením","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Radyasyonla ilişkili diğer deri bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші ураження шкіри, пов'язані з випромінюванням","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他辐射相关皮肤疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Radiation Exposure","text":"What is radiation?\nRadiation is energy. It travels in the form of energy waves or high-speed particles. Radiation can occur naturally or be man-made. There are two types:\n• Non-ionizing radiation, which includes radio waves, cell phones, microwaves, infrared radiation and visible light\n• Ionizing radiation, which includes ultraviolet radiation, radon, x-rays, and gamma rays\nWhat are the sources of radiation exposure?\nBackground radiation is all around us all the time. Most of it forms naturally from minerals. These radioactive minerals are in the ground, soil, water, and even our bodies. Background radiation can also come from outer space and the sun. Other sources are man-made, such as x-rays, radiation therapy to treat cancer, and electrical power lines.\nWhat are the health effects of radiation exposure?\nRadiation has been around us throughout our evolution. So our bodies are designed to deal with the low levels we're exposed to every day. But too much radiation can damage tissues by changing cell structure and damaging DNA. This can cause serious health problems, including cancer.\nThe amount of damage that exposure to radiation can cause depends on several factors, including:\n• The type of radiation\n• The dose (amount) of radiation\n• How you were exposed, such as through skin contact, swallowing or breathing it in, or having rays pass through your body\n• Where the radiation concentrates in the body and how long it stays there\n• How sensitive your body is to radiation. A fetus is most vulnerable to the effects of radiation. Infants, children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems are more vulnerable to health effects than healthy adults.\nBeing exposed to a lot of radiation over a short period of time, such as from a radiation emergency, can cause skin burns. It may also lead to acute radiation syndrome (ARS, or \"radiation sickness\"). The symptoms of ARS include headache and diarrhea. They usually start within hours. Those symptoms will go away and the person will seem healthy for a little while. But then they will get sick again. How soon they get sick again, which symptoms they have, and how sick they get depends on the amount of radiation they received. In some cases, ARS causes death in the following days or weeks.\nExposure to low levels of radiation in the environment does not cause immediate health effects. But it can slightly increase your overall risk of cancer.\nWhat are the treatments for acute radiation sickness?\nBefore they start treatment, health care professionals need to figure out how much radiation your body absorbed. They will ask about your symptoms, do blood tests, and may use a device that measures radiation. They also try get more information about the exposure, such as what type of radiation it was, how far away you were from the source of the radiation, and how long you were exposed.\nTreatment focuses on reducing and treating infections, preventing dehydration, and treating injuries and burns. Some people may need treatments that help the bone marrow recover its function. If you were exposed to certain types of radiation, your provider may give you a treatment that limits or removes the contamination that is inside your body. You may also get treatments for your symptoms.\nHow can radiation exposure be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to prevent or reduce radiation exposure:\n• If your health care provider recommends a test that uses radiation, ask about its risks and benefits. In some cases, you may be able to have a different test that does not use radiation. But if you do need a test that uses radiation, do some research into the local imaging facilities. Find one that monitors and uses techniques to reduce the doses they are giving patients.\n• Reduce electromagnetic radiation exposure from your cell phone. At this time, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. More research is needed to be sure. But if you still have concerns, you can reduce how much time you spend on your phone. You can also use speaker mode or a headset to place more distance between your head and the cell phone.\n• If you live in a house, test the radon levels, and if you need to, get a radon reduction system.\n• During a radiation emergency, get inside a building to take shelter. Stay inside, with all of the windows and doors shut. Stay tuned to and follow the advice of emergency responders and officials.\nEnvironmental Protection Agency","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Exposición a la radiación","text":"¿Qué es la radiación?\nLa radiación es energía que viaja en forma de ondas o partículas de alta velocidad. Puede ocurrir naturalmente o ser creada por el hombre. Existen dos tipos:\n• Radiación no ionizante: Incluye ondas de radio, teléfonos celulares, microondas, radiación infrarroja y luz visible\n• Radiación ionizante: Incluye radiación ultravioleta, radón, rayos X y rayos gamma\n¿Cuáles son las fuentes de la exposición a la radiación?\nLa radiación natural nos rodea todo el tiempo. La mayoría proviene naturalmente de los minerales. Estos se encuentran en la tierra, suelo, agua o incluso nuestros cuerpos. Esta radiactividad natural también proviene del espacio exterior y el sol. Otras fuentes son creadas por el hombre, como los rayos X, la radioterapia para tratar el cáncer o las líneas eléctricas.\n¿Qué efectos en la salud tiene la exposición a la radiación?\nLa radiación ha estado a nuestro alrededor a lo largo de nuestra evolución. Por ello, nuestros cuerpos se han adaptado para lidiar con los niveles bajos a los que estamos expuestos todos los días. Pero demasiada radiación puede dañar los tejidos al cambiar la estructura celular y dañar el ADN. Esto puede causar serios problemas de salud, incluyendo el cáncer.\nLa cantidad de daño que cause la exposición a la radiación depende de varios factores, incluyendo:\n• El tipo de radiación\n• La dosis (cantidad) de radiación\n• Cómo estuvo usted expuesto, como a través del contacto de la piel, tragarla o respirarla, o a través de rayos que pasaron por su cuerpo\n• Dónde se concentró la radiación en su cuerpo y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto\n• Qué tan sensible es su cuerpo a la radiación. Un feto es el más vulnerable a los efectos de la radiación. Los bebés, niños, las personas mayores, mujeres embarazadas y problemas con problemas del sistema inmunitario son más vulnerables que los adultos sanos\nEstar expuesto a una gran cantidad de radiación durante un corto período de tiempo, como durante una emergencias causadas por la radiación, puede causar quemaduras en la piel. También puede conducir al síndrome de radiación aguda o \"enfermedad por radiación\". Los síntomas incluyen dolor de cabeza y diarrea. Por lo general, comienzan dentro de unas horas. Esos síntomas desaparecerán y la persona parecerá saludable por un tiempo. Pero luego se enfermará de nuevo. La rapidez con la que se vuelven a enfermar, sus síntomas y la intensidad de la enfermedad depende de la cantidad de radiación a la que estuvieron expuestos. En algunos casos, este síndrome causa la muerte en los siguientes días o semanas.\nLa exposición a niveles bajos de radiación en el ambiente no causa efectos inmediatos en la salud, pero puede aumentar levemente su riesgo general de cáncer.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad por radiación aguda?\nAntes de que comenzar el tratamiento, los profesionales de la salud deben saber cuánta radiación absorbió su cuerpo. Le preguntarán sobre sus síntomas, le realizarán análisis de sangre y pueden usar un dispositivo para medir la radiación. También obtendrán más información sobre la exposición, como el tipo de radiación, qué tan lejos estaba de la fuente y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto.\nEl tratamiento se enfoca en reducir y tratar infecciones, prevenir la deshidratación y tratar lesiones y quemaduras. Algunas personas pueden necesitar tratamientos que ayuden a recuperar la función de la médula ósea. Si estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, su proveedor puede darle un tratamiento que limite o elimine la contaminación de su cuerpo. También puede recibir tratamientos para sus síntomas.\n¿Cómo se puede prevenir la exposición a la radiación?\nExisten cosas que puede tomar para prevenir o reducir la exposición a la radiación:\n• Si su proveedor de atención médica recomienda una prueba que usa radiación, pregunte sobre sus riesgos y beneficios. En algunos casos, es posible que pueda realizarse una prueba diferente que no usa radiación. Pero si necesita una prueba que use radiación, investigue un poco sobre las instalaciones de pruebas de imágenes donde usted vive. Encuentre uno que monitoree y use técnicas para reducir las dosis que entregan a los pacientes\n• Reduzca la exposición a la radiación electromagnética de su teléfono celular. En la actualidad, la evidencia científica no ha encontrado un vínculo entre el uso de teléfonos celulares y problemas de salud en los seres humanos. Se necesita más investigación para estar seguro. Pero si aún tiene inquietudes, puede reducir la cantidad de tiempo que usa su teléfono. También puede usar el modo de altavoz (speaker) o un manos libres para colocar más distancia entre usted y su celular\n• Si vive en una casa, mida los niveles de gas radón y, si es necesario, obtenga un sistema de reducción de radón\n• Durante una emergencia de radiación, entre en un edificio para refugiarse. Manténgase bajo techo con todas las ventanas y puertas cerradas. Esté atento y siga las instrucciones de los servicios y funcionarios de emergencia","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0360","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"disorders-of-the-nail-or-perionychium-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/disorders-of-the-nail-or-perionychium-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L60","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale unghiilor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الأظافر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Onemocnění nehtů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nagelerkrankungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές των νυχιών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de las uñas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections des ongles","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नाखूनों के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Körömbetegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi delle unghie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"爪の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"손발톱 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby paznokci","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios das unhas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни ногтей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ochorenia nechtov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tırnak bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби нігтів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nail disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nail Diseases","text":"Your toenails and fingernails protect the tissues of your toes and fingers. They are made up of layers of a hardened protein called keratin, which is also in your hair and skin. The health of your nails can be a clue to your overall health. Healthy nails are usually smooth and consistent in color. Specific types of nail discoloration and changes in growth rate can be signs of lung, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, as well as diabetes and anemia. White spots and vertical ridges are harmless.\nNail problems that sometimes require treatment include:\n• Bacterial and fungal infections\n• Ingrown nails\n• Tumors\n• Warts\nKeeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems. Do not remove the cuticle, which can cause infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las uñas","text":"Las uñas de las manos y los pies protegen los tejidos de los dedos. Están formadas por capas de una proteína endurecida llamada queratina, que también se encuentra en el pelo y la piel. La salud de las uñas puede ser un indicador de su estado general de salud. Las uñas saludables suelen ser lisas y de un color uniforme. Los tipos específicos en la decoloración de las uñas y cambios en la tasa de crecimiento pueden indicar varias enfermedades pulmonares, cardíacas, renales y hepáticas, así como diabetes y anemia. Las manchas blancas y las crestas verticales son inofensivas.\nLos problemas de las uñas que a veces requieren tratamiento incluyen:\n• Infecciones por bacterias y hongos\n• Uñas encarnadas\n• Tumores\n• Verrugas\nMantener las uñas limpias, secas y bien cortadas puede ayudarle a evitar algunos problemas. No se corte la cutícula, ya que puede causar infecciones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0361","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"nail-disorders-in-other-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/nail-disorders-in-other-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L62","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EE13.4","display":"Nail disorder associated with specified systemic disease","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1721834679","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1721834679"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nail disorders in other diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale unghiilor în alte boli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الأظافر في أمراض أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Onemocnění nehtů u jiných nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nagelerkrankungen bei anderen Krankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές των νυχιών σε άλλες νόσους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de las uñas en otras enfermedades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections des ongles au cours d'autres maladies","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रोगों में नाखूनों के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Körömbetegségek egyéb betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi delle unghie in altre malattie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他疾患による爪の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 질환에서의 손발톱 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby paznokci w przebiegu innych chorób","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios das unhas em outras doenças","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поражения ногтей при других болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ochorenia nechtov pri iných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer hastalıklarda tırnak bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ураження нігтів при інших хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他疾病中的甲病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nail Diseases","text":"Your toenails and fingernails protect the tissues of your toes and fingers. They are made up of layers of a hardened protein called keratin, which is also in your hair and skin. The health of your nails can be a clue to your overall health. Healthy nails are usually smooth and consistent in color. Specific types of nail discoloration and changes in growth rate can be signs of lung, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, as well as diabetes and anemia. White spots and vertical ridges are harmless.\nNail problems that sometimes require treatment include:\n• Bacterial and fungal infections\n• Ingrown nails\n• Tumors\n• Warts\nKeeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems. Do not remove the cuticle, which can cause infection.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de las uñas","text":"Las uñas de las manos y los pies protegen los tejidos de los dedos. Están formadas por capas de una proteína endurecida llamada queratina, que también se encuentra en el pelo y la piel. La salud de las uñas puede ser un indicador de su estado general de salud. Las uñas saludables suelen ser lisas y de un color uniforme. Los tipos específicos en la decoloración de las uñas y cambios en la tasa de crecimiento pueden indicar varias enfermedades pulmonares, cardíacas, renales y hepáticas, así como diabetes y anemia. Las manchas blancas y las crestas verticales son inofensivas.\nLos problemas de las uñas que a veces requieren tratamiento incluyen:\n• Infecciones por bacterias y hongos\n• Uñas encarnadas\n• Tumores\n• Verrugas\nMantener las uñas limpias, secas y bien cortadas puede ayudarle a evitar algunos problemas. No se corte la cutícula, ya que puede causar infecciones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0362","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-specified-acquired-disorders-of-the-hair-shaft","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-specified-acquired-disorders-of-the-hair-shaft","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L67","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anomalii ale culorii și firului de păr","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات لون الشعر وساق الشعرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Abnormality barvy a stvolu vlasu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Anomalien der Haarfarbe und des Haarschafts","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανωμαλίες χρώματος και στελέχους της τρίχας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Anomalías del color y del tallo del pelo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anomalies de la couleur et de la tige des cheveux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बालों के रंग और बाल के तने की असामान्यताएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A haj színének és szálának rendellenességei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anomalie del colore e del fusto dei capelli","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"毛髪の色・毛幹の異常","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"모발 색 및 모간 이상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieprawidłowości koloru i łodygi włosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Anomalias da cor e da haste do cabelo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аномалии цвета и стержня волоса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Abnormality farby a stvolu vlasu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Saç rengi ve saç teli anormallikleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аномалії кольору та стрижня волосся","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"毛发颜色和毛干异常","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hair colour and hair shaft abnormalities","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hair Problems","text":"The average person has 5 million hairs. Hair grows all over your body except on your lips, palms, and the soles of your feet. It takes about a month for healthy hair to grow half an inch. Most hairs grow for up to six years and then fall out. New hairs grow in their place.\nHair helps keep you warm. It also protects your eyes, ears and nose from small particles in the air. Common problem with the hair and scalp include hair loss, infections, and flaking.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hairproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del cabello","text":"Una persona en promedio tiene cinco millones de pelos. El cabello crece en toda la superficie del cuerpo menos en los labios, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies. Un cabello necesita cerca de un mes para crecer media pulgada. La mayoría crece por hasta seis años y después se cae. En su lugar nace cabello nuevo.\nEl cabello nos ayuda a mantener la temperatura corporal. También protege nuestros ojos, orejas y nariz de pequeñas partículas que hay en el aire. Los problemas más comunes con el pelo y el cuero cabelludo incluyen pérdida del cabello, infecciones y descamación.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0363","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"excessive-hair-growth-hypertrichosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/excessive-hair-growth-hypertrichosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L68","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ED71","display":"Hypertrichosis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2042627850","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2042627850"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hypertrichosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Creștere excesivă a părului (hipertricoză)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط الشعر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nadměrné ochlupení (hypertrichóza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Übermäßiger Haarwuchs (Hypertrichose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερτρίχωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Crecimiento excesivo de vello (hipertricosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pilosité excessive (hypertrichose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अत्यधिक बाल उगना (हाइपरट्राइकोसिस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Túlzott szőrnövekedés (hypertrichosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Crescita eccessiva di peli (ipertricosi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"多毛症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다모증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nadmierne owłosienie (hipertrichoza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Crescimento excessivo de pelos (hipertricose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Избыточный рост волос (гипертрихоз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nadmerné ochlpenie (hypertrichóza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aşırı kıllanma (hipertrikoz)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Надмірний ріст волосся (гіпертрихоз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"多毛症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hair Problems","text":"The average person has 5 million hairs. Hair grows all over your body except on your lips, palms, and the soles of your feet. It takes about a month for healthy hair to grow half an inch. Most hairs grow for up to six years and then fall out. New hairs grow in their place.\nHair helps keep you warm. It also protects your eyes, ears and nose from small particles in the air. Common problem with the hair and scalp include hair loss, infections, and flaking.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hairproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del cabello","text":"Una persona en promedio tiene cinco millones de pelos. El cabello crece en toda la superficie del cuerpo menos en los labios, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies. Un cabello necesita cerca de un mes para crecer media pulgada. La mayoría crece por hasta seis años y después se cae. En su lugar nace cabello nuevo.\nEl cabello nos ayuda a mantener la temperatura corporal. También protege nuestros ojos, orejas y nariz de pequeñas partículas que hay en el aire. Los problemas más comunes con el pelo y el cuero cabelludo incluyen pérdida del cabello, infecciones y descamación.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0364","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acne","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acne","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L70","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ED80.Z","display":"Acne, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1892393023/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1892393023/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acne","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Acné","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Acnee","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حب الشباب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akné","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ακμή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Acné","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मुंहासे","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pattanás (akne)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Acne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ざ瘡（にきび）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"여드름","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trądzik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Acne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Акне (угревая болезнь)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akné","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akne (sivilce)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Акне (вугрова хвороба)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"痤疮","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Pimples"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zits"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Acne","text":"Acne is a common skin disease that causes pimples. Pimples form when hair follicles\nunder your skin clog up. Most pimples form on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Anyone can get acne, but\nit is common in teenagers and young adults. It is not serious, but it can cause scars.\nNo one knows exactly what causes acne. Hormone changes, such as those during the teenage\nyears and pregnancy, probably play a role. There are many myths about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often\nblamed, but there is little evidence that foods have much effect on acne in most people.\nAnother common myth is that dirty skin causes acne; however, blackheads and pimples are not\ncaused by dirt. Stress doesn't cause acne, but stress can make it worse.\nIf you have acne:\n• Clean your skin gently\n• Try not to touch your skin\n• Avoid the sun\nTreatments for acne include medicines and creams.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin\nDiseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Acné","text":"El acné es una enfermedad común de la piel que provoca espinillas (granos). Las espinillas se forman cuando los folículos pilosos que se encuentran debajo de la piel se tapan. La mayoría de las espinillas aparecen en el rostro, el cuello, la espalda, el pecho y los hombros. Cualquier persona puede tener acné, pero es común en los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes. No es grave, pero puede dejar cicatrices.\nNadie sabe exactamente cuál es la causa del acné. Es probable que los cambios hormonales, tales como los que ocurren en la adolescencia o el embarazo, tengan alguna relación con su aparición. Existen muchos mitos acerca de las causas del acné. Con frecuencia se culpa al chocolate y las comidas grasosas, pero en la mayoría de los casos hay pocas evidencias de que la comida tenga algún efecto sobre el acné. Otra creencia común es que la piel sucia puede favorecer el acné; sin embargo, los puntos negros y las espinillas no son producto de la suciedad. El estrés no produce acné, pero puede empeorarlo.\nSi tiene acné:\n• Limpie su piel con suavidad\n• Intente no tocarse la piel\n• Evite el sol\nLos tratamientos para el acné incluyen medicamentos y cremas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0061","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Acne Vulgaris — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0365","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rosacea","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rosacea","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L71","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ED90.0Z","display":"Rosacea, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/134161404/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#134161404/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Rosacea","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rosácea","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rozacee","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"العد الوردي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Růžovka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rosazea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ροδόχρους νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rosacée","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रोसैसिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rosacea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rosacea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"酒さ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"주사(딸기코)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trądzik różowaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rosácea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Розацеа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ružovka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rozasea (gül hastalığı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розацеа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"玫瑰痤疮","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Acne rosacea"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Rosacea","text":"Rosacea is a long-term disease that affects your skin and sometimes your eyes. It causes redness and pimples. Rosacea is most common in women and people with fair skin. It most often affects middle-aged and older adults.\nIn most cases, rosacea only affects the face. Symptoms can include:\n• Frequent redness of the face, or flushing\n• Small, red lines under the skin\n• Acne\n• A swollen nose\n• Thick skin, usually on the forehead, chin, and cheeks\n• Red, dry, itchy eyes and sometimes vision problems\nNo one knows what causes rosacea. You may be more likely to have it if you blush a lot or if rosacea runs in your family. Rosacea is not dangerous. There is no cure, but treatments can help. They include medicines and sometimes surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/rosacea.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Rosácea","text":"La rosácea es una enfermedad crónica que afecta la piel y algunas veces los ojos. Causa enrojecimiento de la piel y espinillas. La rosácea es más común entre las mujeres y las personas de piel clara. Suele afectar a adultos de edad mediana y avanzada.\nEn la mayoría de los casos, la rosácea sólo afecta la cara. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Enrojecimiento frecuente de la cara\n• Pequeñas líneas rojas debajo de la piel\n• Acné\n• Inflamación de la nariz\n• Piel gruesa, generalmente en la frente, la barbilla y las mejillas\nMuchas personas con rosácea también presentan síntomas en los ojos, como enrojecimiento, sequedad y picazón. A veces ocurren problemas a la vista.\nNo se conoce la causa de la rosácea. Es posible que tenga más probabilidades de tenerla si se enrojece con facilidad o si hay casos de rosácea en su familia. La rosácea no es peligrosa. No existe cura, pero tratamientos pueden ayudar. Estos incluyen medicinas y algunas veces cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rosacea.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0366","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"disorders-of-the-apocrine-sweat-glands-including-hidradenitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/disorders-of-the-apocrine-sweat-glands-including-hidradenitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L75","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ED92.1","display":"Apocrine sweat disorders","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1116391228","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1116391228"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Apocrine sweat disorders","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Disorders of the apocrine sweat glands","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale glandelor sudoripare apocrine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الغدد العرقية المفترزة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy apokrinních potních žláz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen der apokrinen Schweißdrüsen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές των αποκρινών ιδρωτοποιών αδένων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de las glándulas sudoríparas apocrinas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections des glandes sudoripares apocrines","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एपोक्राइन पसीना ग्रंथियों के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az apokrin verejtékmirigyek betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi delle ghiandole sudoripare apocrine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アポクリン汗腺の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아포크린 땀샘 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby apokrynowych gruczołów potowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios das glândulas sudoríparas apócrinas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни апокриновых потовых желёз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy apokrinných potných žliaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Apokrin ter bezi bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби апокринних потових залоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"顶泌汗腺疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sweat","text":"Sweat is a clear, salty liquid produced by glands in your skin. Sweating is how your body cools itself. You sweat mainly under your arms and on your feet and palms. When sweat mixes with bacteria on your skin, it can cause a smell. Bathing regularly and using antiperspirants or deodorants can help control the odor.\nSweating a lot is normal when it is hot or when you exercise, are anxious, or have a fever. It also happens during menopause. If you often sweat too much, it's called hyperhidrosis. Causes include thyroid or nervous system disorders, low blood sugar, or another health problem.\nSweating too little, anhidrosis, can be life-threatening because your body can overheat. Causes of anhidrosis include dehydration, burns, and some skin and nerve disorders.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Transpiración","text":"El sudor es un líquido claro y salado producido por glándulas en la piel. La transpiración es la manera que el cuerpo tiene para enfriarse. El sudor se produce principalmente debajo de los brazos, en los pies y las palmas de las manos. Cuando el sudor se mezcla con las bacterias de la piel puede causar olor. Bañarse con regularidad y usar antitranspirantes o desodorantes puede ayudar a controlar el olor.\nCuando hace calor, practica ejercicios, está ansioso o tiene fiebre es normal transpirar mucho. También ocurre durante la menopausia. Sin embargo, si transpira demasiado (hiperhidrosis), puede deberse a un trastorno de la tiroides o del sistema nervioso, disminución del azúcar en la sangre u otro problema de salud.\nTranspirar demasiado poco (anhidrosis), puede poner en riesgo la vida porque el cuerpo puede sobrecalentarse. Entre las causas de anhidrosis se incluyen la deshidratación, las quemaduras y algunos trastornos de la piel y los nervios.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0367","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vitiligo","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vitiligo","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L80","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ED63.0","display":"Vitiligo","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1894744640","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1894744640"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vitiligo","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"البهاق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo (Weißfleckenkrankheit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεύκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"विटिलिगो (सफेद दाग)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo (foltos bőrpigmenthiány)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"白斑（尋常性白斑）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"백반증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bielactwo nabyte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Витилиго","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vitiligo (ala hastalığı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вітиліго","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"白癜风","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vitiligo","text":"Vitiligo causes white patches on your skin. It can also affect your eyes, mouth, and nose. It occurs when the cells that give your skin its color are destroyed. No one knows what destroys them. It is more common in people with autoimmune diseases, and it might run in families. It usually starts before age 40.\nThe white patches are more common where your skin is exposed to the sun. In some cases, the patches spread. Vitiligo can cause your hair to gray early. If you have dark skin, you may lose color inside your mouth.\nUsing sunscreen will help protect your skin, and cosmetics can cover up the patches. Treatments for vitiligo include medicines, light therapy, and surgery. Not every treatment is right for everyone. Many have side effects. Some take a long time. Some do not always work.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vitiligo.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Vitiligo","text":"El vitiligo causa manchas blancas en la piel. También afecta sus ojos, boca y nariz. Ocurre cuando se destruyen las células que dan color a la piel. No se conoce la causa de la destrucción celular. Es más común entre las personas con enfermedades autoinmunes y puede tener una tendencia familiar. Suele comenzar antes de los 40 años.\nLas manchas blancas son más comunes donde la piel está expuesta al sol. En algunos casos, las manchas se diseminan. El vitiligo puede provocar la aparición anticipada de canas. Si tiene la piel oscura, puede perder color dentro de la boca.\nEl uso de bloqueadores solares lo ayudará a proteger su piel y los cosméticos pueden cubrir las manchas. El tratamiento del vitiligo incluye medicinas, fototerapia y cirugía. No todos los tratamientos son adecuados para todas las personas. Muchos tienen efectos secundarios. Algunos necesitan un largo tiempo. Algunos no siempre surten efecto.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0302","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Vitiligo — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0368","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-skin-pigmentation-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-skin-pigmentation-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L81","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ED6Y","display":"Other specified disorders of skin pigmentation","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/609177862/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#609177862/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other skin pigmentation disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte tulburări de pigmentare a pielii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات تصبغ أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy pigmentace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Pigmentstörungen der Haut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές μελάγχρωσης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos de la pigmentación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres troubles de la pigmentation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा के रंग (पिगमेंटेशन) के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb pigmentációs zavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi della pigmentazione","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の色素異常症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 색소 이상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zaburzenia pigmentacji","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da pigmentação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие нарушения пигментации","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy pigmentácie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer pigmentasyon bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші порушення пігментації","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他色素沉着疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Skin Pigmentation Disorders","text":"Pigmentation means coloring. Skin pigmentation disorders affect the color of your skin. Your skin gets its color from a pigment called melanin. Special cells in the skin make melanin. When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production. Some pigmentation disorders affect just patches of skin. Others affect your entire body.\nIf your body makes too much melanin, your skin gets darker. Pregnancy, Addison's disease, and sun exposure all can make your skin darker. If your body makes too little melanin, your skin gets lighter. Vitiligo is a condition that causes patches of light skin. Albinism is a genetic condition affecting a person's skin. A person with albinism may have no color, lighter than normal skin color, or patchy missing skin color. Infections, blisters and burns can also cause lighter skin.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel","text":"Pigmentación significa coloración. Los trastornos de la coloración de la piel afectan el color de la piel. Su piel obtiene su color de un pigmento llamado melanina, el que es producido por células especiales de la piel. Cuando éstas células se dañan o se enferman, se afecta la producción de melanina. Algunos trastornos de la pigmentación afectan solamente ciertas regiones de la piel. Otros afectan todo el cuerpo.\nSi el cuerpo produce demasiada melanina, la piel se oscurece. El embarazo, la enfermedad de Addison y la exposición al sol pueden oscurecer la piel. Si el cuerpo produce muy poca melanina, la piel se hace más clara. El vitiligo es una afección que causa áreas de piel clara. El albinismo es un cuadro genético que afecta toda la piel de una persona. Una persona con albinismo puede no tener color, una coloración más ligera que su piel normal o áreas de color de piel sin color. Las infecciones, las ampollas y las quemaduras pueden ser otras causas de regiones de piel más clara.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0369","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acanthosis-nigricans-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acanthosis-nigricans-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L83","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشواك الأسود","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μελανίζουσα ακάνθωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Acantosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एकैन्थोसिस निग्रिकन्स","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"黒色表皮腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"흑색가시세포증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rogowacenie ciemne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Acantose nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Чёрный акантоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akantozis nigrikans","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Чорний акантоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"黑棘皮病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acanthosis nigricans","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Skin Pigmentation Disorders","text":"Pigmentation means coloring. Skin pigmentation disorders affect the color of your skin. Your skin gets its color from a pigment called melanin. Special cells in the skin make melanin. When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production. Some pigmentation disorders affect just patches of skin. Others affect your entire body.\nIf your body makes too much melanin, your skin gets darker. Pregnancy, Addison's disease, and sun exposure all can make your skin darker. If your body makes too little melanin, your skin gets lighter. Vitiligo is a condition that causes patches of light skin. Albinism is a genetic condition affecting a person's skin. A person with albinism may have no color, lighter than normal skin color, or patchy missing skin color. Infections, blisters and burns can also cause lighter skin.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel","text":"Pigmentación significa coloración. Los trastornos de la coloración de la piel afectan el color de la piel. Su piel obtiene su color de un pigmento llamado melanina, el que es producido por células especiales de la piel. Cuando éstas células se dañan o se enferman, se afecta la producción de melanina. Algunos trastornos de la pigmentación afectan solamente ciertas regiones de la piel. Otros afectan todo el cuerpo.\nSi el cuerpo produce demasiada melanina, la piel se oscurece. El embarazo, la enfermedad de Addison y la exposición al sol pueden oscurecer la piel. Si el cuerpo produce muy poca melanina, la piel se hace más clara. El vitiligo es una afección que causa áreas de piel clara. El albinismo es un cuadro genético que afecta toda la piel de una persona. Una persona con albinismo puede no tener color, una coloración más ligera que su piel normal o áreas de color de piel sin color. Las infecciones, las ampollas y las quemaduras pueden ser otras causas de regiones de piel más clara.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0370","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"corns-and-calluses","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/corns-and-calluses","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L84","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"EH92.0Z","display":"Callosity, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2007777621/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2007777621/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Corns and calluses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bătături și calozități","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مسامير القدم والجلد المتصلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kuří oka a mozoly","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hühneraugen und Hornhaut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάλοι και τύλοι","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Callos y durezas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cors et durillons","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गोखरू और कड़ी त्वचा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tyúkszem és bőrkeményedés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Calli e duroni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"うおのめ・たこ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"티눈과 굳은살","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Odciski i modzele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Calos e calosidades","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мозоли и натоптыши","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kurie oká a mozole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nasır ve kallus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мозолі та натоптиші","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鸡眼和胼胝","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Corns and Calluses","text":"Corns and calluses are caused by pressure or friction on your skin. They often appear on feet where the bony parts of your feet rub against your shoes. Corns usually appear on the tops or sides of toes while calluses form on the soles of feet. Calluses also can appear on hands or other areas that are rubbed or pressed.\nWearing shoes that fit better or using non-medicated pads may help. While bathing, gently rub the corn or callus with a washcloth or pumice stone to help reduce the size. To avoid infection, do not try to shave off the corn or callus. See your doctor, especially if you have diabetes or circulation problems.\nNIH: National Institute on Aging","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Callos y callosidades","text":"Los callos y callosidades son causados por presión o fricción en la piel. A menudo aparecen en el pie donde el hueso roza con el calzado. Los callos, generalmente, aparecen arriba o a los costados del pie mientras que las callosidades aparecen en las plantas del pie. También pueden aparecer en las manos u otras áreas donde haya fricción o presión.\nUsar zapatos que se ajusten bien o usar plantillas sin medicación puede ayudar a evitarlos. Mientras se bañe, frote suavemente el callo o callosidad con una toallita o piedra pómez para ayudar a reducir el tamaño. Para evitar una infección, no trate de rasparlos. Vea a un doctor si sufre de diabetes o problemas circulatorios.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0371","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pressure-ulcers-bedsores","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pressure-ulcers-bedsores","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L89","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pressure ulcers (bedsores)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Escare (ulcere de presiune)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قرح الفراش (قرح الضغط)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Proleženiny (dekubity)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Druckgeschwür (Dekubitus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κατακλίσεις (έλκη πίεσης)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Úlceras por presión (escaras)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Escarres (ulcères de pression)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दबाव के घाव (बेडसोर)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Felfekvés (decubitus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Piaghe da decubito (ulcere da pressione)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"褥瘡（床ずれ）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"욕창","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Odleżyny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Úlceras de pressão (escaras)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пролежни","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Preležaniny (dekubity)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bası yaraları (yatak yarası)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пролежні","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"压疮（褥疮）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pressure Sores","text":"Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin caused by staying in one position for too long. They commonly form where your bones are close to your skin, such as your ankles, back, elbows, heels and hips. You are at risk if you are bedridden, use a wheelchair, or are unable to change your position. Pressure sores can cause serious infections, some of which are life-threatening. They can be a problem for people in nursing homes.\nYou can prevent the sores by :\n• Keeping skin clean and dry\n• Changing position every two hours\n• Using pillows and products that relieve pressure\nPressure sores have a variety of treatments. Advanced sores are slow to heal, so early treatment is best.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pressuresores.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Úlcera por presión","text":"Las úlceras por presión son áreas de piel lesionada por permanecer en una misma posición durante demasiado tiempo. Comúnmente se forman donde los huesos están más cerca de la piel, como los tobillos, los talones y las caderas. El riesgo es mayor si está recluido en una cama, utiliza una silla de ruedas o no puede cambiar de posición. Las úlceras por presión pueden causar infecciones graves, algunas de las cuales pueden poner la vida en peligro. Pueden constituir un problema para las personas en los centros de cuidados especializados.\nPara prevenir las úlceras:\n• Mantenga la piel limpia y seca\n• Cambie de posición cada dos horas\n• Utilice almohadas y productos que alivien la presión\nLas úlceras por presión tienen una variedad de tratamientos. Las úlceras más avanzadas se curan lentamente, de modo que lo mejor es el tratamiento anticipado.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pressuresores.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0372","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"lupus-erythematosus-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/lupus-erythematosus-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L93","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الذئبة الحمامية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lupus erythematodes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lupus erythematodes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ερυθηματώδης λύκος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematoso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lupus érythémateux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lupus erythematosus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematoso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"エリテマトーデス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"홍반성 루푸스","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toczeń rumieniowaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lúpus eritematoso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Красная волчанка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lupus erythematosus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematozus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Червоний вовчак","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"红斑狼疮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lupus erythematosus","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lupus","text":"What is lupus?\nLupus is a chronic (long-lasting) type of autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This attack causes inflammation. It can also damage many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.\nThere are several types of lupus:\n• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common type. It can be mild or severe and can affect many parts of the body.\n• Cutaneous lupus affects the skin. It causes a rash or sores, usually after your skin is exposed to sunlight. The two major types of cutaneous lupus are discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus.\n• Drug-induced lupus is caused by a reaction to some medicines. The symptoms may start 3 to 6 months after starting the medicine. The symptoms usually go away when you stop taking the medicine.\n• Neonatal lupus, which is rare, affects newborns. It is caused by certain antibodies that are passed from the pregnant mother to the fetus.\nWhat causes lupus?\nThe cause of lupus is unknown. Researchers are studying what might cause or trigger the disease, such as:\n• Genetics\n• Environmental factors, such as viral infections, sunlight, certain medicines, and smoking\n• Problems with the immune system\nWho is more likely to get lupus?\nAnyone can get lupus, but women get it much more often than men.\nLupus is more common in African Americans than in White people. It is also more common in people of American Indian and Asian descent. African American and Hispanic women are more likely to have severe forms of lupus.\nWhat are the symptoms of lupus?\nLupus can have many symptoms, and they differ from person to person. Some of the more common ones are:\n• Arthritis, causing painful and swollen joints and morning stiffness\n• Fever\n• Fatigue or feeling tired often\n• Red rash, most often on the face (also called the \"butterfly rash\")\n• Chest pain when taking a deep breath\n• Hair loss\n• Pale or purple fingers or toes, from cold and stress (Raynaud phenomenon)\n• Sensitivity to the sun\n• Swelling in legs or around eyes\n• Mouth ulcers\n• Swollen glands\n• Headache and dizziness\n• Confusion and memory problems\nSymptoms may come and go. When you are having symptoms, it is called a flare. Flares can range from mild to severe. New symptoms may appear at any time.\nWhat other problems can lupus cause?\nLupus causes inflammation throughout your body. This can cause problems in your organs, including:\n• Kidney damage (lupus nephritis).\n• Heart problems, including inflammation in the heart (myocarditis), heart valves, or lining of the heart muscle (pericarditis).\n• Inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis).\n• Blood clots\n• Inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the lungs (pleurisy). This can make it painful to breathe.\nSome people with lupus may be more likely to develop other conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis.\nHow is lupus diagnosed?\nThere is no specific test for lupus, and it's often mistaken for other diseases that cause similar symptoms. So it may take a while to get a diagnosis. To find out if you have lupus, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and family health history\n• Will do a complete physical exam\n• May order blood tests, such as ANA (antinuclear antibody), antibodies, complete blood count, and complement tests\n• May order other tests, such as urine tests\n• May do biopsies:\n• Skin biopsy (looking at skin samples under a microscope)\n• Kidney biopsy (looking at tissue from your kidney under a microscope)\nWhat are the treatments for lupus?\nThere is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it.\nPeople with lupus often need to see different providers. You will most likely have a primary care provider and a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in autoimmune and other diseases of the bones, joints, and muscles). Which other specialists you may need depend on how lupus affects your body. For example, if lupus is damaging your heart or blood vessels, you would see a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases).\nYour primary care provider should coordinate care between all of your other providers and treat other problems as they come up. You and your primary care provider will develop a treatment plan to fit your needs. You will both review the plan often to make sure that it is working. You should report new symptoms to your provider right away so that your treatment plan can be changed, if needed.\nThe goals of a treatment plan are to:\n• Prevent flares\n• Treat flares when they occur\n• Reduce organ damage and other problems\n• Improve your quality of life\nTreatments may include drugs to:\n• Reduce fever, swelling, and pain\n• Reduce inflammation in your body\n• Prevent or reduce flares\n• Reduce or prevent damage to joints\n• Suppress (lower) the activity of your immune system\nNewer medicines are now available for some types of lupus, including lupus that affects the kidneys. These medicines work by targeting specific parts of the immune system. Besides taking medicines for lupus, you may need to take medicines for problems that are related to lupus such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or infections.\nAlternative and complementary therapies are therapies that are not part of standard treatments. Some people try alternative and complementary therapies to improve their lupus symptoms. But research has not clearly shown whether these treatments may help or treat lupus. Talk to your provider before trying any new treatments.\nResearchers are also studying treatments, such as CAR-T cell therapy, for lupus that hasn't improved with other medicines. New treatments like this are usually only available by joining a research study, until they're approved for general use.\nHow can I cope with lupus?\nIt is important to take an active role in your treatment. It helps to learn more about lupus - being able to spot the warning signs of a flare can help you prevent the flare or make the symptoms less severe.\nIt is also important to find ways to cope with the stress of having lupus. Exercising and finding ways to relax may make it easier for you to cope. A good support system can also help.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lupus","text":"¿Qué es el lupus?\nEl lupus es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune, crónica (de larga duración). Las enfermedades autoinmunes ocurren cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca las células y tejidos sanos por error. Este ataque causa inflamación. También puede dañar muchas partes del cuerpo, como las articulaciones, la piel, los riñones, el corazón, los pulmones y el cerebro, entre otras.\nHay varios tipos de lupus:\n• Lupus eritematoso sistémico: Es el más común. Puede ser leve o grave y afectar a muchas partes del cuerpo.\n• Lupus cutáneo: Afecta la piel. Causa sarpullido o llagas, por lo general, después de la exposición al sol. Los dos tipos principales de lupus cutáneo son el lupus discoide y el lupus cutáneo subagudo.\n• Lupus inducido por medicamentos: Es causado por una reacción a ciertos medicamentos. Los síntomas suelen aparecer de tres a seis meses después de empezar a tomarlos y, por lo general, desaparecen al suspenderlos.\n• Lupus neonatal: Es poco común y afecta a los recién nacidos. Es causado por ciertos anticuerpos que se transfieren de la madre embarazada al feto.\n¿Qué causa el lupus?\nSe desconoce la causa del lupus. Los investigadores están estudiando qué podría causar o desencadenar la enfermedad. Algunos de los factores que se están investigando incluyen:\n• Genética\n• Factores medioambientales, como infecciones virales, luz solar, ciertos medicamentos y fumar\n• Problemas con el sistema inmunitario\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener lupus?\nCualquier persona puede tener lupus, pero las mujeres lo padecen con mucha más frecuencia que los hombres.\nEl lupus es más frecuente en las personas afroamericanas que en las personas blancas. También es más frecuente en las personas de ascendencia indígena americana y asiática. Las mujeres afroamericanas e hispanas son más propensas a padecer formas graves de lupus.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del lupus?\nEl lupus puede producir muchos síntomas que difieren de una persona a otra. Algunos de los más comunes son:\n• Artritis, que causa dolor e inflamación en las articulaciones y rigidez en horas de la mañana\n• Fiebre\n• Fatiga o sensación de cansancio frecuente\n• Erupciones rojas en la piel, por lo general en la cara y en forma de mariposa\n• Dolor de pecho al respirar profundamente\n• Pérdida de cabello\n• Dedos de las manos o pies pálidos o de color púrpura por frío o estrés (fenómeno de Raynaud)\n• Sensibilidad al sol\n• Hinchazón en las piernas o alrededor de los ojos\n• Úlceras en la boca\n• Inflamación de las glándulas\n• Dolor de cabeza y mareos\n• Confusión y problemas de memoria\nLos síntomas aparecen y desaparecen. El periodo en que aparecen se conoce como \"brote\". La intensidad de los brotes varía de leve a grave, y pueden surgir síntomas nuevos en cualquier momento.\n¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar el lupus?\nEl lupus causa inflamación en todo el cuerpo. Esta inflamación puede afectar distintos órganos y causar problemas como los siguientes:\n• Daño renal (nefritis lúpica)\n• Problemas cardíacos, como inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), las válvulas cardíacas o el revestimiento del músculo cardíaco (pericarditis)\n• Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos (vasculitis)\n• Coágulos sanguíneos\n• Inflamación del tejido que rodea los pulmones (pleuresía), lo que puede hacer que respirar sea doloroso\nAlgunas personas con lupus pueden tener más probabilidades de presentar otras afecciones, como enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) y ateroesclerosis.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el lupus?\nNo existe una prueba específica para diagnosticar el lupus y, a menudo, se confunde con otras enfermedades que causan síntomas similares. Por eso, el diagnóstico puede tardar algún tiempo. Para determinar si tiene lupus, su proveedor de atención médica:\n• Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas, su historia clínica y sus antecedentes familiares de salud\n• Hará un examen físico completo\n• Podría solicitar exámenes de sangre, como pruebas de anticuerpos antinucleares, anticuerpos, conteo sanguíneo completo y análisis del complemento\n• Podría solicitar otras pruebas, como análisis de orina\n• Podría realizar biopsias:\n• Biopsia de piel (examinar muestras de piel bajo el microscopio)\n• Biopsia de riñón (examinar tejidos renales bajo el microscopio)\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el lupus?\nNo existe una cura para el lupus, pero medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a controlarlo.\nA menudo, las personas con lupus necesitan consultar a proveedores diferentes. En principio, lo más probable es que usted tendrá un proveedor de atención primaria y un reumatólogo (un médico que se especializa en las enfermedades autoinmunes y en otras enfermedades de los huesos, las articulaciones y los músculos). Dependiendo de cómo el lupus afecte a su cuerpo, quizás necesite consultar a otros especialistas. Por ejemplo, si el lupus causa daños en su corazón o sus vasos sanguíneos, usted consultaría a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades cardíacas).\nSu proveedor de atención primaria debe coordinar la atención entre los diferentes proveedores de atención médica y tratar cualquier otro problema de salud que surja. Usted y su proveedor elaborarán un plan de tratamiento adaptado a sus necesidades. Ambos deben revisar el plan para asegurarse de que está funcionando. Debe informar de inmediato a su proveedor si presenta nuevos síntomas para que, si es necesario, se modifique el plan de tratamiento.\nLos objetivos de un plan de tratamiento son:\n• Evitar los brotes\n• Tratar los síntomas cuando se produzcan\n• Reducir el daño a los órganos y otros problemas\n• Mejorar la calidad de vida\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos para:\n• Reducir la fiebre, la inflamación y el dolor\n• Reducir la inflamación en el cuerpo\n• Evitar o reducir los brotes\n• Reducir o prevenir el daño a las articulaciones\n• Suprimir (bajar) la actividad del sistema inmunitario\nEn la actualidad, existen medicamentos más nuevos para algunos tipos de lupus, incluso para el lupus que afecta los riñones. Estos medicamentos actúan sobre partes específicas del sistema inmunitario. Además de tomar medicamentos para el lupus, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para problemas relacionados con esta enfermedad, como colesterol alto, presión arterial alta o infecciones.\nLas terapias alternativas y complementarias son terapias que no forman parte de los tratamientos estándar. Algunas personas prueban terapias alternativas y complementarias para mejorar los síntomas del lupus. Sin embargo, las investigaciones no han demostrado claramente si estos tratamientos pueden ayudar o tratar el lupus. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de probar cualquier tratamiento nuevo.\nLos investigadores también están estudiando tratamientos, como la terapia con células CAR-T, para el lupus que no ha mejorado con otros medicamentos. Por lo general, estos tratamientos nuevos solo están disponibles para las personas que participan en estudios de investigación, hasta que se aprueban para su uso general.\n¿Cómo puedo sobrellevar el lupus?\nEs importante desempeñar un papel activo en su tratamiento. Puede ser útil para aprender más sobre el lupus. Detectar las señales de alerta de un brote puede ayudarle a prevenirlo o hacer que los síntomas sean menos graves.\nTambién es importante encontrar maneras de lidiar con el estrés que causa tener lupus. El ejercicio y otras formas de relajación pueden hacer más fácil sobrellevar la afección. Un buen sistema de apoyo también puede ayudarle.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0373","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"vasculitis-limited-to-the-skin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/vasculitis-limited-to-the-skin","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L95","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Vasculitis limited to the skin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vasculită limitată la piele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الأوعية المقتصر على الجلد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vaskulitida omezená na kůži","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Auf die Haut begrenzte Vaskulitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αγγειίτιδα περιορισμένη στο δέρμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vasculitis limitada a la piel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vascularite limitée à la peau","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"त्वचा तक सीमित वास्कुलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A bőrre korlátozódó érgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vasculite limitata alla cute","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"皮膚に限局する血管炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"피부에 국한된 혈관염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie naczyń ograniczone do skóry","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vasculite limitada à pele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Васкулит, ограниченный кожей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vaskulitída obmedzená na kožu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Deriye sınırlı vaskülit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Васкуліт, обмежений шкірою","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"局限于皮肤的血管炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vasculitis","text":"Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune system attacks the blood vessel by mistake. It can happen because of an infection, a medicine, or another disease. The cause is often unknown.\nVasculitis can affect arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's organs. Veins are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect the small arteries and veins.\nWhen a blood vessel becomes inflamed, it can:\n• Narrow, making it more difficult for blood to get through.\n• Close off completely so that blood can't get through.\n• Stretch and weaken so much that it bulges. The bulge is called an aneurysm. If it bursts, it can cause dangerous bleeding inside the body.\nSymptoms of vasculitis can vary, but usually include fever, swelling and a general sense of feeling ill. The main goal of treatment is to stop the inflammation. Steroids and other medicines to stop inflammation are often helpful.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Vasculitis","text":"La vasculitis es una inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo ataca a los vasos sanguíneos por equivocación. Puede ocurrir por una infección, una medicina u otra enfermedad. La causa es a menudo desconocida.\nLa vasculitis puede afectar las arterias, venas y capilares. Las arterias son vasos que trasladan la sangre desde el corazón hacia los órganos del cuerpo. Las venas son vasos que trasladan la sangre de regreso al corazón. Los capilares son pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan a las arterias y las venas de menor tamaño.\nCuando un vaso sanguíneo se inflama, puede:\n• Estrecharse y hacer más difícil el paso de la sangre\n• Cerrarse completamente por lo que la sangre no puede pasar\n• Estirarse y debilitarse tanto que brotan. A este ensanchamiento se le llama aneurisma. Si se revienta, puede causar una peligrosa hemorragia al interior del cuerpo\nLos síntomas de una vasculitis pueden variar, pero suelen incluir fiebre, inflamación y una sensación general de enfermedad. La meta principal del tratamiento es detener la inflamación. Los esteroides y otros medicamentos para detener la inflamación son a menudo útiles.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0374","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"septic-infectious-arthritis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/septic-infectious-arthritis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M00","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Septic (infectious) arthritis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Artrită septică (piogenă)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المفصل الإنتاني","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Septická artritida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Septische (eitrige) Arthritis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σηπτική αρθρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Artritis séptica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Arthrite septique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेप्टिक (संक्रामक) गठिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gennyes ízületi gyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Artrite settica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"化膿性関節炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"화농성 관절염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ropne zapalenie stawów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Artrite séptica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гнойный (септический) артрит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Septická artritída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Septik artrit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гнійний (септичний) артрит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"化脓性关节炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Infectious Arthritis","text":"Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Infectious arthritis is an infection in the joint. The infection comes from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that spreads from another part of the body. Symptoms of infectious arthritis include:\n• Intense pain in the joint\n• Joint redness and swelling\n• Chills and fever\n• Inability to move the area with the infected joint\nOne type of infectious arthritis is reactive arthritis. The reaction is to an infection somewhere else in your body. The joint is usually the knee, ankle, or toe. Sometimes, reactive arthritis is set off by an infection in the bladder, or in the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. In women, an infection in the vagina can cause the reaction. For both men and women, it can start with bacteria passed on during sex. Another form of reactive arthritis starts with eating food or handling something that has bacteria on it.\nTo diagnose infectious arthritis, your health care provider may do tests of your blood, urine, and joint fluid. Treatment includes medicines and sometimes surgery.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Artritis infecciosa","text":"La mayoría de los tipos de artritis causan dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Una articulación es donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. La artritis infecciosa es una infección en la articulación. La infección proviene de una infección bacteriana, viral o por hongos que se disemina desde otra parte del cuerpo. Los síntomas de la artritis infecciosa incluyen:\n• Dolor intenso en la articulación\n• Enrojecimiento e hinchazón de la articulación\n• Escalofríos y fiebre\n• Imposibilidad de mover el área de la articulación infectada\nUn tipo de artritis infecciosa es la artritis reactiva. La reacción es a una infección en otra parte del cuerpo. Las articulaciones afectadas son generalmente la rodilla, el tobillo o el pie. A veces, la infección que causa la artritis reactiva ocurre en la vejiga, la uretra (el tubo que conduce la orina) o en mujeres la vagina. En hombres y mujeres puede comenzar por una bacteria transmitida sexualmente. Otra forma de artritis reactiva comienza al consumir alimentos contaminados o al manejar algo infectado con bacterias.\nPara diagnosticar la artritis infecciosa, su médico puede hacerle pruebas de sangre, orina y líquido de la articulación. El tratamiento incluye medicamentos y, a veces, cirugía.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0375","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"joint-infection-in-other-infectious-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/joint-infection-in-other-infectious-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M01","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA10.Z","display":"Direct infections of joint, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/622473950/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#622473950/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Joint infection in other infectious diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infecție articulară în alte boli infecțioase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدوى المفصل في أمراض معدية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Infekce kloubu u jiných infekčních nemocí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gelenkinfektion bei anderen Infektionskrankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοίμωξη άρθρωσης σε άλλα λοιμώδη νοσήματα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infección articular en otras enfermedades infecciosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infection articulaire au cours d'autres maladies infectieuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य संक्रामक रोगों में जोड़ का संक्रमण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ízületi fertőzés egyéb fertőző betegségekben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infezione articolare in altre malattie infettive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"他の感染症による関節感染","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 감염병에서의 관절 감염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zakażenie stawu w przebiegu innych chorób zakaźnych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infeção articular em outras doenças infeciosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инфекция сустава при других инфекционных болезнях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Infekcia kĺbu pri iných infekčných chorobách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer enfeksiyon hastalıklarında eklem enfeksiyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інфекція суглоба при інших інфекційних хворобах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他感染性疾病中的关节感染","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Infectious Arthritis","text":"Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Infectious arthritis is an infection in the joint. The infection comes from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that spreads from another part of the body. Symptoms of infectious arthritis include:\n• Intense pain in the joint\n• Joint redness and swelling\n• Chills and fever\n• Inability to move the area with the infected joint\nOne type of infectious arthritis is reactive arthritis. The reaction is to an infection somewhere else in your body. The joint is usually the knee, ankle, or toe. Sometimes, reactive arthritis is set off by an infection in the bladder, or in the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. In women, an infection in the vagina can cause the reaction. For both men and women, it can start with bacteria passed on during sex. Another form of reactive arthritis starts with eating food or handling something that has bacteria on it.\nTo diagnose infectious arthritis, your health care provider may do tests of your blood, urine, and joint fluid. Treatment includes medicines and sometimes surgery.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Artritis infecciosa","text":"La mayoría de los tipos de artritis causan dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Una articulación es donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. La artritis infecciosa es una infección en la articulación. La infección proviene de una infección bacteriana, viral o por hongos que se disemina desde otra parte del cuerpo. Los síntomas de la artritis infecciosa incluyen:\n• Dolor intenso en la articulación\n• Enrojecimiento e hinchazón de la articulación\n• Escalofríos y fiebre\n• Imposibilidad de mover el área de la articulación infectada\nUn tipo de artritis infecciosa es la artritis reactiva. La reacción es a una infección en otra parte del cuerpo. Las articulaciones afectadas son generalmente la rodilla, el tobillo o el pie. A veces, la infección que causa la artritis reactiva ocurre en la vejiga, la uretra (el tubo que conduce la orina) o en mujeres la vagina. En hombres y mujeres puede comenzar por una bacteria transmitida sexualmente. Otra forma de artritis reactiva comienza al consumir alimentos contaminados o al manejar algo infectado con bacterias.\nPara diagnosticar la artritis infecciosa, su médico puede hacerle pruebas de sangre, orina y líquido de la articulación. El tratamiento incluye medicamentos y, a veces, cirugía.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0376","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"seropositive-rheumatoid-arthritis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/seropositive-rheumatoid-arthritis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M05","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA20.0","display":"Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1698769251","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1698769251"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Poliartrită reumatoidă seropozitivă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي إيجابي المصل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Séropozitivní revmatoidní artritida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Seropositive rheumatoide Arthritis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οροθετική ρευματοειδής αρθρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Artritis reumatoide seropositiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Polyarthrite rhumatoïde séropositive","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सीरोपॉज़िटिव रुमेटीइड गठिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szeropozitív reumatoid artritisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Artrite reumatoide sieropositiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"血清反応陽性関節リウマチ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"혈청 양성 류마티스 관절염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Seropozytywne reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Artrite reumatoide seropositiva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Серопозитивный ревматоидный артрит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Séropozitívna reumatoidná artritída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Seropozitif romatoid artrit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Серопозитивний ревматоїдний артрит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"血清阳性类风湿关节炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","text":"What is rheumatoid arthritis?\nRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in your joints. RA is an autoimmune disease. Although it is most common in the wrist and fingers, this disease can cause your immune system to attack any joint tissue. The inflammation (swelling) that comes with RA can also affect other body parts. Inflammation could cause medical issues in your eyes, skin, heart, nerves, blood, or lungs.\nRA differs from osteoarthritis, a common arthritis that often comes with age. RA affects the lining of your joints and damages the tissue that covers the ends of the bones in a joint. Eventually, this might cause your joints to not work as well.\nThere is no cure for RA, but early treatment can help you manage symptoms, reduce joint damage, and lead a productive life.\nWho is more likely to get rheumatoid arthritis?\nRheumatoid arthritis can happen at any age, but your risk increases as you become an older adult. Your chance of developing RA can also increase if:\n• You're a woman. Women are more likely to get RA than men.\n• You have a family history. If a member of your family has RA, you're more likely to get the disease.\n• You're a smoker. Smoking over a long period of time increases your risk of getting RA and how serious the disease can be.\n• You have other medical conditions that may increase your risk of getting RA. These include obesity, gum disease, and lung disease.\nWhat causes rheumatoid arthritis?\nNo one knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. A few things that might play a part in getting RA include:\n• Your genes are parts of DNA in your cells that are passed down from your parents. Certain genes may increase your risk of getting rheumatoid arthritis, but not everyone with these genes gets RA.\n• The environment, which includes things such as cigarette smoke, sometimes triggers RA symptoms.\n• Hormones are chemical messengers in your bloodstream that control the actions of certain cells or organs. Researchers think that sex hormones might play a role in getting RA. Women are more likely to develop the disease, and RA symptoms may change during and after pregnancy.\nWhat are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?\nYour immune system may start turning against your body's joints and tissues years before you notice any symptoms of RA. The changes from this type of immune malfunction usually settle in your joints.\nRA affects people differently. You might have the disease for only a short time, or your symptoms might come and go. The severe form can be chronic (long-lasting) and may last a lifetime.\nSymptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:\n• Joint pain or stiffness when moving. This is usually worse in the morning or after inactivity. RA usually affects both joints. If one of your hands or knees is affected, so is the other.\n• Joint tenderness, redness, and warmth.\n• Joint swelling may make daily activities hard. These could include things such as combing your hair, buttoning your clothes, or bending your knees.\n• Fatigue, fever, and a loss of appetite.\n• Hard bumps (rheumatoid nodules) under your skin near the joints.\nHow is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?\nThere's no single test for rheumatoid arthritis. The disease develops over time. At first, you may only have a few symptoms, making it hard to diagnose RA in its early stages. To find out if you have RA, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms.\n• Ask about your family health history, including relatives who have had RA.\n• Do a physical exam, which includes checking your joints, looking for rashes or nodules, and listening to your chest for signs of inflammation in your lungs.\n• Order blood tests or imaging studies (x-ray or ultrasound) to make sure other health conditions aren't causing your symptoms since they may be like other types of arthritis and joint conditions.\nYour provider may refer you to a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in arthritis care) for tests, diagnosis, and care.\nWhat are the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?\nThere is no cure for RA, but early treatment can help prevent your symptoms from getting worse and damaging your joints. Treatment can include medicine, lifestyle changes, and surgery. These may slow or stop joint damage and reduce pain and swelling.\nYour provider may use a combination of treatments. Your treatment may change based on your symptoms.\nYou can help manage your RA symptoms if you:\n• Are physically active\n• Keep a healthy weight\n• Avoid injuries to your joints\n• Avoid activities that have repetitive motions, like bending your knee over and over\n• Stop smoking, or don't start\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Artritis reumatoide","text":"¿Qué es la artritis reumatoide?\nLa artritis reumatoide (AR) es una forma de artritis que causa dolor, inflamación y rigidez en las articulaciones. La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad autoinmune. Aunque es más común en la muñeca y los dedos, esta enfermedad puede hacer que el sistema inmunitario ataque cualquier tejido articular. La inflamación (hinchazón) que acompaña a la artritis reumatoide también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo. La inflamación puede causar problemas médicos en los ojos, la piel, el corazón, los nervios, la sangre o los pulmones.\nLa artritis reumatoide es diferente de la osteoartritis, una artritis común que suele aparecer con la edad. Esta enfermedad afecta el revestimiento de las articulaciones y daña el tejido que cubre los extremos de los huesos de una articulación. Con el tiempo, esto puede provocar que las articulaciones no funcionen como deberían.\nNo existe cura para la artritis reumatoide, pero el tratamiento temprano puede ayudarle a controlar los síntomas, reducir el daño articular y llevar una vida productiva.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener artritis reumatoide?\nLa artritis reumatoide puede aparecer a cualquier edad, pero el riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. Su probabilidad de desarrollar artritis reumatoide también puede aumentar si:\n• Es mujer: Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar artritis reumatoide que los hombres\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares: Si un miembro de su familia tiene la afección, tiene más probabilidades de desarrollarla\n• Fuma: Fumar durante un período prolongado aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar artritis reumatoide y su gravedad\n• Tiene otras afecciones médicas que pueden aumentar el riesgo de tener artritis reumatoide: Estas incluyen obesidad,enfermedad de las encías y enfermedad pulmonar\n¿Qué causa la artritis reumatoide?\nNo se conoce la causa de la artritis reumatoide. Algunos factores que pueden influir en su aparición incluyen:\n• Sus genes: Partes del ADN en sus células que se transmiten de sus padres. Ciertos genes pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener artritis reumatoide, pero no todas las personas con estos genes desarrollan la afección\n• El ambiente: Incluyendo elementos como el humo del cigarrillo, que en ocasiones desencadena los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide\n• Las hormonas: Mensajeros químicos en el torrente sanguíneo que controlan la actividad de ciertas células u órganos. Los investigadores piensan que las hormonas sexuales pueden desempeñar un papel en la aparición de la enfermedad. Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar artritis reumatoide y sus síntomas pueden cambiar durante y después del embarazo\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide?\nSu sistema inmunitario puede comenzar a atacar las articulaciones y los tejidos de su cuerpo años antes de que note cualquier síntoma de artritis reumatoide. En general, los cambios de este tipo de disfunción inmunitaria se asientan en las articulaciones.\nLa artritis reumatoide afecta a las personas de manera diferente. Puede tener la enfermedad solo por un corto tiempo o sus síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. La forma grave puede ser crónica (de larga duración) y durar toda la vida.\nLos síntomas de la artritis reumatoide pueden incluir:\n• Dolor o rigidez en las articulaciones al moverse. Esto suele empeorar por la mañana o después de la inactividad. En general, la artritis reumatoide afecta ambas articulaciones. Si una de sus manos o rodillas está afectada, también lo está la otra\n• Sensibilidad, enrojecimiento y calor en las articulaciones\n• La inflamación de las articulaciones puede dificultar las actividades diarias. Esto puede incluir cosas como peinarse, abotonarse la ropa o doblar las rodillas\n• Fatiga, fiebre y pérdida del apetito\n• Bultos duros (nódulos reumatoides) debajo de la piel cerca de las articulaciones\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la artritis reumatoide?\nNo existe una única prueba para la artritis reumatoide. La enfermedad se desarrolla con el tiempo. Al principio, es posible que solo tenga algunos síntomas, lo que dificulta su diagnóstico en las primeras etapas. Para saber si tiene artritis reumatoide, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre los antecedentes médicos de su familia, incluyendo parientes que hayan tenido la afección\n• Hacer un examen físico, incluyendo examinar sus articulaciones, buscar sarpullido o nódulos y escuchar su pecho para detectar signos de inflamación en los pulmones\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre o pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes (radiografías o ecografías) para asegurarse de que otras afecciones de salud no estén causando sus síntomas, ya que pueden ser similares a otros tipos de artritis y afecciones articulares\nSu profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un reumatólogo (un especialista en el cuidado de la artritis) para realizarle pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la artritis reumatoide?\nNo existe cura para la artritis reumatoide, pero el tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a prevenir que los síntomas empeoren y dañen las articulaciones. El tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y cirugía. Estos pueden retrasar o detener el daño articular y reducir el dolor y la inflamación.\nSu proveedor puede utilizar una combinación de tratamientos. Su tratamiento puede cambiar según sus síntomas.\nPuede ayudar a controlar los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide al:\n• Hacer actividad física\n• Mantener un peso saludable\n• Evitar las lesiones en las articulaciones\n• Evitar las actividades que implican movimientos repetitivos, como doblar la rodilla una y otra vez\n• Dejar de fumar o no empezar a fumar\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0377","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"rheumatoid-arthritis-serology-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/rheumatoid-arthritis-serology-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M06","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte forme de poliartrită reumatoidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي الآخر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná revmatoidní artritida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere rheumatoide Arthritis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλη ρευματοειδής αρθρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras artritis reumatoides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres polyarthrites rhumatoïdes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य रुमेटीइड गठिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb reumatoid artritisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre artriti reumatoidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の関節リウマチ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 류마티스 관절염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne reumatoidalne zapalenia stawów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras artrites reumatoides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие формы ревматоидного артрита","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iná reumatoidná artritída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer romatoid artrit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші форми ревматоїдного артриту","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他类风湿关节炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other rheumatoid arthritis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Rheumatoid Arthritis","text":"What is rheumatoid arthritis?\nRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in your joints. RA is an autoimmune disease. Although it is most common in the wrist and fingers, this disease can cause your immune system to attack any joint tissue. The inflammation (swelling) that comes with RA can also affect other body parts. Inflammation could cause medical issues in your eyes, skin, heart, nerves, blood, or lungs.\nRA differs from osteoarthritis, a common arthritis that often comes with age. RA affects the lining of your joints and damages the tissue that covers the ends of the bones in a joint. Eventually, this might cause your joints to not work as well.\nThere is no cure for RA, but early treatment can help you manage symptoms, reduce joint damage, and lead a productive life.\nWho is more likely to get rheumatoid arthritis?\nRheumatoid arthritis can happen at any age, but your risk increases as you become an older adult. Your chance of developing RA can also increase if:\n• You're a woman. Women are more likely to get RA than men.\n• You have a family history. If a member of your family has RA, you're more likely to get the disease.\n• You're a smoker. Smoking over a long period of time increases your risk of getting RA and how serious the disease can be.\n• You have other medical conditions that may increase your risk of getting RA. These include obesity, gum disease, and lung disease.\nWhat causes rheumatoid arthritis?\nNo one knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. A few things that might play a part in getting RA include:\n• Your genes are parts of DNA in your cells that are passed down from your parents. Certain genes may increase your risk of getting rheumatoid arthritis, but not everyone with these genes gets RA.\n• The environment, which includes things such as cigarette smoke, sometimes triggers RA symptoms.\n• Hormones are chemical messengers in your bloodstream that control the actions of certain cells or organs. Researchers think that sex hormones might play a role in getting RA. Women are more likely to develop the disease, and RA symptoms may change during and after pregnancy.\nWhat are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?\nYour immune system may start turning against your body's joints and tissues years before you notice any symptoms of RA. The changes from this type of immune malfunction usually settle in your joints.\nRA affects people differently. You might have the disease for only a short time, or your symptoms might come and go. The severe form can be chronic (long-lasting) and may last a lifetime.\nSymptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:\n• Joint pain or stiffness when moving. This is usually worse in the morning or after inactivity. RA usually affects both joints. If one of your hands or knees is affected, so is the other.\n• Joint tenderness, redness, and warmth.\n• Joint swelling may make daily activities hard. These could include things such as combing your hair, buttoning your clothes, or bending your knees.\n• Fatigue, fever, and a loss of appetite.\n• Hard bumps (rheumatoid nodules) under your skin near the joints.\nHow is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?\nThere's no single test for rheumatoid arthritis. The disease develops over time. At first, you may only have a few symptoms, making it hard to diagnose RA in its early stages. To find out if you have RA, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms.\n• Ask about your family health history, including relatives who have had RA.\n• Do a physical exam, which includes checking your joints, looking for rashes or nodules, and listening to your chest for signs of inflammation in your lungs.\n• Order blood tests or imaging studies (x-ray or ultrasound) to make sure other health conditions aren't causing your symptoms since they may be like other types of arthritis and joint conditions.\nYour provider may refer you to a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in arthritis care) for tests, diagnosis, and care.\nWhat are the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?\nThere is no cure for RA, but early treatment can help prevent your symptoms from getting worse and damaging your joints. Treatment can include medicine, lifestyle changes, and surgery. These may slow or stop joint damage and reduce pain and swelling.\nYour provider may use a combination of treatments. Your treatment may change based on your symptoms.\nYou can help manage your RA symptoms if you:\n• Are physically active\n• Keep a healthy weight\n• Avoid injuries to your joints\n• Avoid activities that have repetitive motions, like bending your knee over and over\n• Stop smoking, or don't start\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Artritis reumatoide","text":"¿Qué es la artritis reumatoide?\nLa artritis reumatoide (AR) es una forma de artritis que causa dolor, inflamación y rigidez en las articulaciones. La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad autoinmune. Aunque es más común en la muñeca y los dedos, esta enfermedad puede hacer que el sistema inmunitario ataque cualquier tejido articular. La inflamación (hinchazón) que acompaña a la artritis reumatoide también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo. La inflamación puede causar problemas médicos en los ojos, la piel, el corazón, los nervios, la sangre o los pulmones.\nLa artritis reumatoide es diferente de la osteoartritis, una artritis común que suele aparecer con la edad. Esta enfermedad afecta el revestimiento de las articulaciones y daña el tejido que cubre los extremos de los huesos de una articulación. Con el tiempo, esto puede provocar que las articulaciones no funcionen como deberían.\nNo existe cura para la artritis reumatoide, pero el tratamiento temprano puede ayudarle a controlar los síntomas, reducir el daño articular y llevar una vida productiva.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener artritis reumatoide?\nLa artritis reumatoide puede aparecer a cualquier edad, pero el riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. Su probabilidad de desarrollar artritis reumatoide también puede aumentar si:\n• Es mujer: Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar artritis reumatoide que los hombres\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares: Si un miembro de su familia tiene la afección, tiene más probabilidades de desarrollarla\n• Fuma: Fumar durante un período prolongado aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar artritis reumatoide y su gravedad\n• Tiene otras afecciones médicas que pueden aumentar el riesgo de tener artritis reumatoide: Estas incluyen obesidad,enfermedad de las encías y enfermedad pulmonar\n¿Qué causa la artritis reumatoide?\nNo se conoce la causa de la artritis reumatoide. Algunos factores que pueden influir en su aparición incluyen:\n• Sus genes: Partes del ADN en sus células que se transmiten de sus padres. Ciertos genes pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener artritis reumatoide, pero no todas las personas con estos genes desarrollan la afección\n• El ambiente: Incluyendo elementos como el humo del cigarrillo, que en ocasiones desencadena los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide\n• Las hormonas: Mensajeros químicos en el torrente sanguíneo que controlan la actividad de ciertas células u órganos. Los investigadores piensan que las hormonas sexuales pueden desempeñar un papel en la aparición de la enfermedad. Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar artritis reumatoide y sus síntomas pueden cambiar durante y después del embarazo\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide?\nSu sistema inmunitario puede comenzar a atacar las articulaciones y los tejidos de su cuerpo años antes de que note cualquier síntoma de artritis reumatoide. En general, los cambios de este tipo de disfunción inmunitaria se asientan en las articulaciones.\nLa artritis reumatoide afecta a las personas de manera diferente. Puede tener la enfermedad solo por un corto tiempo o sus síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. La forma grave puede ser crónica (de larga duración) y durar toda la vida.\nLos síntomas de la artritis reumatoide pueden incluir:\n• Dolor o rigidez en las articulaciones al moverse. Esto suele empeorar por la mañana o después de la inactividad. En general, la artritis reumatoide afecta ambas articulaciones. Si una de sus manos o rodillas está afectada, también lo está la otra\n• Sensibilidad, enrojecimiento y calor en las articulaciones\n• La inflamación de las articulaciones puede dificultar las actividades diarias. Esto puede incluir cosas como peinarse, abotonarse la ropa o doblar las rodillas\n• Fatiga, fiebre y pérdida del apetito\n• Bultos duros (nódulos reumatoides) debajo de la piel cerca de las articulaciones\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la artritis reumatoide?\nNo existe una única prueba para la artritis reumatoide. La enfermedad se desarrolla con el tiempo. Al principio, es posible que solo tenga algunos síntomas, lo que dificulta su diagnóstico en las primeras etapas. Para saber si tiene artritis reumatoide, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre los antecedentes médicos de su familia, incluyendo parientes que hayan tenido la afección\n• Hacer un examen físico, incluyendo examinar sus articulaciones, buscar sarpullido o nódulos y escuchar su pecho para detectar signos de inflamación en los pulmones\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre o pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes (radiografías o ecografías) para asegurarse de que otras afecciones de salud no estén causando sus síntomas, ya que pueden ser similares a otros tipos de artritis y afecciones articulares\nSu profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un reumatólogo (un especialista en el cuidado de la artritis) para realizarle pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la artritis reumatoide?\nNo existe cura para la artritis reumatoide, pero el tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a prevenir que los síntomas empeoren y dañen las articulaciones. El tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y cirugía. Estos pueden retrasar o detener el daño articular y reducir el dolor y la inflamación.\nSu proveedor puede utilizar una combinación de tratamientos. Su tratamiento puede cambiar según sus síntomas.\nPuede ayudar a controlar los síntomas de la artritis reumatoide al:\n• Hacer actividad física\n• Mantener un peso saludable\n• Evitar las lesiones en las articulaciones\n• Evitar las actividades que implican movimientos repetitivos, como doblar la rodilla una y otra vez\n• Dejar de fumar o no empezar a fumar\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0378","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"juvenile-arthritis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/juvenile-arthritis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M08","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA24.Z","display":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1322678686/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1322678686/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Juvenile Arthritis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Artritis juvenil","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Artrită juvenilă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب المفاصل اليفعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Juvenilní artritida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Juvenile Arthritis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νεανική αρθρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Arthrite juvénile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"किशोर गठिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Juvenilis artritisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Artrite giovanile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"若年性関節炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소아 관절염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Młodzieńcze zapalenie stawów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Artrite juvenil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ювенильный артрит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Juvenilná artritída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Juvenil artrit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ювенільний артрит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"幼年型关节炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Childhood arthritis"},{"lang":"en","text":"JRA"},{"lang":"en","text":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Still's disease"},{"lang":"en","text":"Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Juvenile Arthritis","text":"What is juvenile arthritis?\nJuvenile arthritis (JA) is arthritis that happens in children. It causes joint inflammation (swelling), pain, stiffness, and loss of motion. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. It can affect any joint, but it is more common in the knees, hands, and feet.\nJA can affect your child's growth and development, and in some cases, it can also affect other organs. Finding JA early and starting treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce joint damage.\nWho is more likely to get juvenile arthritis?\nThere are several other forms of arthritis affecting children. The most common type of JA in children under age 16 is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). There are multiple types of JIA. Symptoms and the number of joints affected help determine the type. Some types of JIA are more common in girls.\nWhat causes juvenile arthritis?\nThe exact cause of JA is unknown. Most types are autoimmune disorders. This means that your immune system, which normally helps your body fight infection, attacks your body's tissues.\nWhat are the symptoms of juvenile arthritis?\nSymptoms can vary depending on the type of JA. The symptoms of most types include joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness. Your child may not complain of pain or stiffness, but one early sign of JA may be limping or clumsiness in the morning or after resting. Larger joints, such as the knee, may be swollen.\nCertain types of JA can cause a high fever, swollen lymph nodes, a rash, growth problems, or eye inflammation in some children. Symptoms can come and go. Some children have just one or two flare-ups. Others have symptoms that never go away.\nHow is juvenile arthritis diagnosed?\nThere is no single test for JA, so it can be hard to diagnose. Your health care provider may:\n• Ask about medical history and symptoms.\n• Do a physical exam.\n• Order blood tests or imaging studies.\nWhat are the treatments for juvenile arthritis?\nA team of providers usually treats JA. Treatment will depend on your child's age, the type of JA, and how bad it is. Treatment can include medicines and physical therapy to help maintain movement and reduce swelling and pain.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Artritis juvenil","text":"¿Qué es la artritis juvenil?\nLa artritis juvenil es una artritis que se presenta en niños. Causa inflamación de las articulaciones, dolor, rigidez y pérdida de movimiento. Las articulaciones son donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. Puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero es más común en las rodillas, las manos y los pies.\nLa artritis juvenil puede afectar el crecimiento y el desarrollo de su hijo y, en algunos casos, también puede afectar otros órganos. Detectarla y empezar el tratamiento de manera temprana puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas y reducir el daño articular.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener artritis juvenil?\nExisten otras formas de artritis que afectan a los niños. El tipo más común de artritis juvenil en niños menores de 16 años es la artritis idiopática juvenil. Existen varios tipos de ella. Los síntomas y la cantidad de articulaciones afectadas ayudan a determinar el tipo. Algunos tipos de artritis idiopática juvenil son más comunes en las niñas.\n¿Qué causa la artritis juvenil?\nNo se conoce la causa exacta de la artritis juvenil. La mayoría de los tipos son trastornos autoinmunes. Esto significa que el sistema inmunitario, que normalmente ayuda al cuerpo a combatir las infecciones, ataca los tejidos del cuerpo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la artritis juvenil?\nLos síntomas pueden variar según el tipo de artritis juvenil. Los síntomas de la mayoría de los tipos incluyen dolor, inflamación, calor y rigidez en las articulaciones. Es posible que su hijo no se queje de dolor o rigidez, pero una señal temprana de artritis juvenil puede ser cojear o leve torpeza por la mañana o después de descansar. Las articulaciones más grandes, como la rodilla, pueden estar hinchadas.\nCiertos tipos de artritis juvenil pueden causar fiebre alta, ganglios linfáticos inflamados, sarpullido, problemas de crecimiento o inflamación del ojo en algunos niños. Los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Algunos niños solo tienen uno o dos brotes. Otros tienen síntomas que nunca desaparecen.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la artritis juvenil?\nNo existe una prueba única para la artritis juvenil, por lo que puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre la historia clínica y los síntomas\n• Hacer un examen físico\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre o pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la artritis juvenil?\nLa artritis juvenil se suele tratar por un equipo de profesionales. El tratamiento depende de la edad de su hijo, el tipo de artritis juvenil y su gravedad. El tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos y fisioterapia para ayudar a mantener el movimiento y bajar la inflamación y el dolor.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0124","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0154","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0189","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0343","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0379","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"gout","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/gout","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M10","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA25.0","display":"Primary gout","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1957497923","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1957497923"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gout","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gota","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النقرس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gicht","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ουρική αρθρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Goutte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गठिया (गाउट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Köszvény","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gotta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"痛風","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"통풍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dna moczanowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gota","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Подагра","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Подагра","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"痛风","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Gouty arthritis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gout","text":"What is gout?\nGout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis. It causes pain, swelling, and redness in one or more joints. It usually happens as a flare, which can last for a week or two and then gets better. The flares often begin in your big toe or a lower limb.\nWhat causes gout?\nGout happens when too much uric acid (urate) builds up in your body over a long time. Uric acid is a waste product your body makes when it breaks down purines. Purines are substances that are in your body's tissues and in many foods.\nWhen your body breaks down old cells or digests foods that contain purine, most of the uric acid that's made dissolves in your blood. Your kidneys filter the uric acid out of your blood, and it leaves your body in your urine (pee).\nHowever, sometimes your body can make too much uric acid or does not remove enough of it. Then the uric acid levels build up in your body, including in your blood. Having too much uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia. It does not cause health problems for everyone. But in some people, uric acid forms needle-like crystals. They can form in your joints, which causes gout. The crystals can also cause kidney stones.\nCalcium pyrophosphate arthritis, sometimes called pseudogout, is a related disease. It causes similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. But it is caused by a buildup of calcium phosphate, not uric acid.\nWho is more likely to develop gout?\nMany people develop gout. You are more likely to get it if you:\n• Are male.\n• Are older; it usually develops in middle age.\n• Have obesity.\n• Have certain health conditions, such as:\n• Heart failure\n• High blood pressure\n• Metabolic syndrome\n• Chronic kidney disease\n• Conditions that cause your cells to break down more quickly, such as psoriasis or some cancers\n• Rare genetic conditions that lead to increased uric acid\n• Have a family history of gout.\n• Have an unhealthy diet and eat foods that are rich in purines, such as red meat, organ meats, certain seafoods.\n• Drink alcohol.\n• Eat and drink lots of foods and beverages that contain fructose (a type of sugar).\n• Take certain medicines, such as diuretics (water pills), low-dose aspirin, and some medicines that weaken your immune system.\n• Take high amounts of niacin (vitamin B-3).\nWhat are the symptoms of gout?\nGout usually happens in only one joint at a time. It is often found in the big toe, but can also affect other joints, including your other toes, ankle, and knee.\nGout flares often start suddenly at night, and the symptoms in the affected joint often include:\n• Intense pain, which may be bad enough to wake you up\n• Swelling\n• Redness\n• Warmth\nThe flares typically get better within a week or two. In between flares, you usually don't have symptoms. Some people may have flares often, while others may not have another flare for years. But over time, if left untreated, your flares may happen more often and last longer.\nAnd if gout is untreated over long periods of time, you can develop tophi. Tophi are hard, uric acid deposits under the skin. They start out as painless, but over time, they can become painful. They can also cause bone and soft tissue damage and misshapen joints.\nHow is gout diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have gout, your health care provider:\n• Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms.\n• Will do a physical exam, including examining the affected joint(s).\n• May order various tests, such as:\n• A test of a sample of fluid from one of your painful joints. The fluid is examined under a microscope and is checked for uric acid crystals.\n• A uric acid blood or urine test.\n• An ultrasound or special CT scan to look for uric acid crystal buildup in the affected joint and check for other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.\nWhat are the treatments for gout?\nThere are effective treatments for gout. Which treatment you get will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your gout. The goals of your treatment will be to:\n• Reduce the pain from gout flares, by using medicines such as:\n• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen.\n• Acetaminophen and the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine.\n• Oral or injected corticosteroids.\n• Prevent future flares, for example by:\n• Making lifestyle changes such as losing weight, limiting alcohol, and avoiding foods high in purines. If you are taking medicines that can cause high uric acid in the blood, your provider may suggest stopping or changing those medicines.\n• If needed, taking medicines to lower uric acid in the blood.\n• Prevent tophi and kidney stones, for example with medicines that lower uric acid in the blood.\nWith early diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle changes, gout is one of the most controllable forms of arthritis. Treatment and lifestyle changes may help people avoid gout flares, lessen their symptoms, and sometimes even become gout free.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gota","text":"¿Qué es la gota?\nLa gota es un tipo común de artritis inflamatoria. Provoca dolor, inflamación y enrojecimiento en una o más articulaciones. En general, ocurre como un ataque, que puede durar una semana o dos y luego mejora. Los ataques suelen comenzar en el dedo gordo del pie o en una extremidad inferior.\n¿Qué causa la gota?\nLa gota ocurre cuando se acumula demasiado ácido úrico (urato) en el cuerpo durante un período prolongado. El ácido úrico es un producto de desecho que el cuerpo produce cuando descompone purinas, sustancias que se encuentran en los tejidos del cuerpo y en muchos alimentos.\nCuando su cuerpo descompone células viejas o digiere alimentos que contienen purina, la mayor parte del ácido úrico que se produce se disuelve en la sangre. Los riñones filtran el ácido úrico de la sangre y este sale del cuerpo a través de la orina.\nSin embargo, en ocasiones su cuerpo puede producir demasiado ácido úrico o no eliminarlo en cantidad suficiente. Entonces los niveles de ácido úrico aumentan en su cuerpo. Tener demasiado ácido úrico en la sangre se conoce como hiperuricemia. No causa problemas de salud a todas las personas, pero en algunas, el ácido úrico forma cristales que parecen agujas. Pueden formarse en las articulaciones, lo que causa gota. Los cristales también pueden provocar cálculos renales.\nLa artritis por pirofosfato de calcio, a veces llamada pseudogota, es una enfermedad relacionada. Provoca síntomas similares y en ocasiones se confunde con gota. Pero es causada por una acumulación de fosfato de calcio, no de ácido úrico.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener gota?\nMuchas personas desarrollan gota. Es más probable que la tenga si:\n• Es hombre\n• Es mayor (generalmente se desarrolla en la mediana edad)\n• Tiene obesidad\n• Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como:\n• Insuficiencia cardiaca\n• Presión arterial alta\n• Síndrome metabólico\n• Enfermedad renal crónica\n• Afecciones que hacen que las células se descompongan más rápidamente, como la psoriasis o algunos cánceres\n• Trastornos genéticos raros que conducen a un aumento del ácido úrico\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares de gota\n• Tiene una dieta poco saludable y consume alimentos ricos en purinas, como carnes rojas, vísceras y ciertos mariscos\n• Bebe alcohol\n• Consume muchos alimentos y bebidas que contienen fructosa (un tipo de azúcar)\n• Toma ciertos medicamentos, como diuréticos (pastillas para eliminar el agua), aspirina en dosis bajas y algunos medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario\n• Toma altas cantidades de niacina (vitamina B3)\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gota?\nLa gota suele aparecer en una sola articulación a la vez. A menudo ocurre en el dedo gordo del pie, pero también puede afectar otras articulaciones, incluyendo los otros dedos, el tobillo y la rodilla.\nLos ataques de gota suelen comenzar repentinamente por la noche y los síntomas en la articulación afectada suelen incluir:\n• Dolor intenso, que puede ser lo suficientemente fuerte como para despertarlo\n• Inflamación\n• Enrojecimiento\n• Calor en el área afectada\nLos brotes suelen mejorar en una semana o dos. Entre los ataques, normalmente no ocurren síntomas. Algunas personas pueden tener ataques frecuentes, mientras que otras pueden no tener otro ataque durante años. Pero con el tiempo, si no se tratan, estos pueden ocurrir más seguidos y durar más.\nY si la gota no se trata durante largos períodos de tiempo, se puede desarrollar tofos. Los tofos son depósitos duros de ácido úrico debajo de la piel. Al principio son indoloros, pero con el tiempo pueden causar dolor. También pueden provocar daños a los huesos y tejidos blandos y deformar las articulaciones.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la gota?\nPara saber si tiene gota, su profesional de la salud:\n• Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo un examen de las articulaciones afectadas\n• Puede solicitar diversas pruebas, como:\n• Un análisis de una muestra de líquido de una de sus articulaciones dolorosas. El líquido se examina bajo un microscopio y se comprueba si hay cristales de ácido úrico\n• Una prueba de ácido úrico en sangre u orina\n• Una ecografía o una tomografía computarizada especial para buscar acumulación de cristales de ácido úrico en la articulación afectada y detectar otras afecciones que puedan estar causando los síntomas\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gota?\nHay tratamientos efectivos para la gota. El tratamiento que reciba depende de sus síntomas y de la causa de la afección. Los objetivos del tratamiento son:\n• Reducir el dolor de los ataques de gota mediante el uso de medicamentos como:\n• Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) como el ibuprofeno\n• Acetaminofén y el fármaco antiinflamatorio colchicina\n• Corticoides orales o inyectados\n• Prevenir futuros ataques, por ejemplo:\n• Haciendo cambios en el estilo de vida, como bajar de peso, limitar el consumo de alcohol y evitar alimentos con alto contenido de purinas. Si está tomando medicamentos que pueden causar niveles altos de ácido úrico en la sangre, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que suspenda o cambie esos medicamentos\n• Si es necesario, tomar medicamentos para reducir el ácido úrico en la sangre\n• Prevenir los tofos y los cálculos renales, por ejemplo, con medicamentos que reducen el ácido úrico en la sangre\nCon un diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento y cambios en el estilo de vida, la gota es una de las formas de artritis más controlables. El tratamiento y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a las personas a evitar los ataques de gota, disminuir sus síntomas y, en ocasiones, incluso liberarse de la gota.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0130","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Gout — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0380","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"finger-and-toe-deformities-including-bunions","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/finger-and-toe-deformities-including-bunions","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M20","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Finger and toe deformities (including bunions)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Diformități dobândite ale degetelor (inclusiv halux valgus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات أصابع اليدين والقدمين المكتسبة (بما في ذلك الوكعة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Získané deformity prstů (včetně vybočeného palce)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erworbene Finger- und Zehendeformitäten (einschließlich Hallux valgus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επίκτητες παραμορφώσεις δακτύλων (περιλαμβάνεται το κότσι)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Deformidades adquiridas de dedos (incluido el juanete)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Déformations acquises des doigts et orteils (dont hallux valgus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उंगलियों और पैर की उंगलियों की विकृतियाँ (बनियन सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szerzett ujjdeformitások (bütyök is)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Deformità acquisite delle dita (incluso l'alluce valgo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"後天性手指・足趾変形（外反母趾を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"후천성 손발가락 변형(무지외반증 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nabyte zniekształcenia palców (w tym paluch koślawy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deformidades adquiridas dos dedos (incluindo joanetes)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Приобретённые деформации пальцев (включая вальгусную деформацию)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Získané deformity prstov (vrátane vybočeného palca)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Edinsel el ve ayak parmağı deformiteleri (halluks valgus dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Набуті деформації пальців (включно з вальгусною деформацією)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"后天性手指和足趾畸形（包括拇外翻）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Finger Injuries and Disorders","text":"You use your fingers and thumbs to do everything from grasping objects to playing musical instruments to typing. When there is something wrong with them, it can make life difficult. Common problems include:\n• Injuries that result in fractures (broken bones), ruptured ligaments and dislocations\n• Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis. It can also cause deformity.\n• Tendinitis - irritation of the tendons\n• Dupuytren's contracture - a hereditary thickening of the tough tissue that lies just below the skin of your palm. It causes the fingers to stiffen and bend.\n• Trigger finger - an irritation of the sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons. It can cause the tendon to catch and release like a trigger.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos","text":"Usted utiliza sus dedos y pulgares para hacer de todo, desde tomar objetos y tocar instrumentos hasta escribir en la computadora. Cuando no funcionan bien, puede hacerle la vida difícil. Los problemas más comunes incluyen:\n• Lesiones que producen fracturas ruptura de ligamentos y luxaciones\n• Osteoartritis: desgaste que también puede causar deformidad\n• Tendinitis: irritación de los tendones\n• Contractura de Dupuytren: una afección hereditaria que produce un engrosamiento del tejido por debajo de la piel de su mano, lo que causa contractura y curvatura en sus dedos\n• Dedo en gatillo: una irritación del revestimiento de los tendones flexores, lo que a veces causa que el tendón se flexione en forma de gatillo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0381","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"kneecap-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/kneecap-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M22","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Kneecap disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale rotulei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات الرضفة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy čéšky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erkrankungen der Kniescheibe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές της επιγονατίδας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la rótula","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections de la rotule","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"घुटने की टोपी के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A térdkalács betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi della rotula","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"膝蓋骨の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"슬개골 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroby rzepki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios da rótula","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезни надколенника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy jabĺčka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diz kapağı bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороби надколінка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"髌骨疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Knee Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty walking.\nKnee problems are very common, and they occur in people of all ages. Knee problems can interfere with many things, from participation in sports to simply getting up from a chair and walking. This can have a big impact on your life.\nThe most common disease affecting the knee is osteoarthritis. The cartilage in the knee gradually wears away, causing pain and swelling.\nInjuries to ligaments and tendons also cause knee problems. A common injury is to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). You usually injure your ACL by a sudden twisting motion. ACL and other knee injuries are common sports injuries.\nTreatment of knee problems depends on the cause. In some cases your doctor may recommend knee replacement.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla","text":"La articulación de la rodilla se compone de hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que la rodilla se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen problemas. Los problemas en las rodillas pueden provocar dolor y dificultades para caminar.\nLos problemas en las rodillas son muy comunes y pueden ocurrir a cualquier edad. Pueden interferir con muchas actividades, desde la práctica de deportes hasta poder levantarse de una silla y caminar. Pueden tener un gran impacto en su vida.\nLa enfermedad más común que afecta los huesos de las rodillas es la artritis. El cartílago de la rodilla se desgasta gradualmente y provoca dolor e inflamación.\nLas lesiones en los ligamentos y tendones también causan problemas con la rodilla. Una lesión común se produce en el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Estas lesiones frecuentemente suelen ocurrir por un movimiento de torsión repentino. Las lesiones del LCA y otras son lesiones deportivas comunes.\nEl tratamiento de los problemas con la rodilla depende de la causa. En algunos casos, el médico puede recomendar un reemplazo de rodilla.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0382","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"internal-knee-problems-including-meniscus-damage","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/internal-knee-problems-including-meniscus-damage","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M23","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA33.Z","display":"Internal derangement of knee, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1686749305/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1686749305/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Internal knee problems (including meniscus damage)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziuni interne ale genunchiului (inclusiv de menisc)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الاضطراب الداخلي للركبة (بما في ذلك تلف الغضروف الهلالي)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vnitřní poruchy kolene (včetně poškození menisku)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Binnenschädigung des Kniegelenks (einschließlich Meniskusschaden)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εσωτερική διαταραχή του γόνατος (περιλαμβάνεται βλάβη μηνίσκου)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos internos de la rodilla (incluidas lesiones de menisco)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésions internes du genou (dont lésions méniscales)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"घुटने की आंतरिक समस्याएँ (मेनिस्कस क्षति सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Belső térdsérülések (meniszkuszkárosodással)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesioni interne del ginocchio (incluse lesioni del menisco)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"膝関節内障（半月板損傷を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"무릎 내부 장애(반월상 연골 손상 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uszkodzenia wewnętrzne kolana (w tym łąkotki)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesões internas do joelho (incluindo lesões do menisco)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Внутренние повреждения коленного сустава (включая мениск)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vnútorné poruchy kolena (vrátane poškodenia menisku)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dizin iç bozuklukları (menisküs hasarı dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Внутрішні ушкодження колінного суглоба (включно з меніском)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"膝关节内紊乱（包括半月板损伤）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Knee Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty walking.\nKnee problems are very common, and they occur in people of all ages. Knee problems can interfere with many things, from participation in sports to simply getting up from a chair and walking. This can have a big impact on your life.\nThe most common disease affecting the knee is osteoarthritis. The cartilage in the knee gradually wears away, causing pain and swelling.\nInjuries to ligaments and tendons also cause knee problems. A common injury is to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). You usually injure your ACL by a sudden twisting motion. ACL and other knee injuries are common sports injuries.\nTreatment of knee problems depends on the cause. In some cases your doctor may recommend knee replacement.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla","text":"La articulación de la rodilla se compone de hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que la rodilla se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen problemas. Los problemas en las rodillas pueden provocar dolor y dificultades para caminar.\nLos problemas en las rodillas son muy comunes y pueden ocurrir a cualquier edad. Pueden interferir con muchas actividades, desde la práctica de deportes hasta poder levantarse de una silla y caminar. Pueden tener un gran impacto en su vida.\nLa enfermedad más común que afecta los huesos de las rodillas es la artritis. El cartílago de la rodilla se desgasta gradualmente y provoca dolor e inflamación.\nLas lesiones en los ligamentos y tendones también causan problemas con la rodilla. Una lesión común se produce en el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Estas lesiones frecuentemente suelen ocurrir por un movimiento de torsión repentino. Las lesiones del LCA y otras son lesiones deportivas comunes.\nEl tratamiento de los problemas con la rodilla depende de la causa. En algunos casos, el médico puede recomendar un reemplazo de rodilla.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0383","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"polyarteritis-nodosa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/polyarteritis-nodosa","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M30","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"4A44.Z","display":"Vasculitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/572581721/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#572581721/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Polyarteritis nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Poliarterită nodoasă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الشرايين العقدي المتعدد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Polyarteritis nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Polyarteriitis nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οζώδης πολυαρτηρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Poliarteritis nudosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Périartérite noueuse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पॉलीआर्टेराइटिस नोडोसा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Polyarteritis nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Poliarterite nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"結節性多発動脈炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"결절성 다발동맥염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Guzkowe zapalenie tętnic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Poliarterite nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Узелковый полиартериит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Polyarteritis nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Poliarteritis nodosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вузликовий поліартеріїт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"结节性多动脉炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vasculitis","text":"Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune system attacks the blood vessel by mistake. It can happen because of an infection, a medicine, or another disease. The cause is often unknown.\nVasculitis can affect arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's organs. Veins are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect the small arteries and veins.\nWhen a blood vessel becomes inflamed, it can:\n• Narrow, making it more difficult for blood to get through.\n• Close off completely so that blood can't get through.\n• Stretch and weaken so much that it bulges. The bulge is called an aneurysm. If it bursts, it can cause dangerous bleeding inside the body.\nSymptoms of vasculitis can vary, but usually include fever, swelling and a general sense of feeling ill. The main goal of treatment is to stop the inflammation. Steroids and other medicines to stop inflammation are often helpful.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Vasculitis","text":"La vasculitis es una inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo ataca a los vasos sanguíneos por equivocación. Puede ocurrir por una infección, una medicina u otra enfermedad. La causa es a menudo desconocida.\nLa vasculitis puede afectar las arterias, venas y capilares. Las arterias son vasos que trasladan la sangre desde el corazón hacia los órganos del cuerpo. Las venas son vasos que trasladan la sangre de regreso al corazón. Los capilares son pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan a las arterias y las venas de menor tamaño.\nCuando un vaso sanguíneo se inflama, puede:\n• Estrecharse y hacer más difícil el paso de la sangre\n• Cerrarse completamente por lo que la sangre no puede pasar\n• Estirarse y debilitarse tanto que brotan. A este ensanchamiento se le llama aneurisma. Si se revienta, puede causar una peligrosa hemorragia al interior del cuerpo\nLos síntomas de una vasculitis pueden variar, pero suelen incluir fiebre, inflamación y una sensación general de enfermedad. La meta principal del tratamiento es detener la inflamación. Los esteroides y otros medicamentos para detener la inflamación son a menudo útiles.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0384","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"systemic-lupus-erythematosus-lupus","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus-lupus","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M32","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"4A40.0Z","display":"Systemic lupus erythematosus, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/749596428/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#749596428/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematos sistemic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Systémový lupus erythematodes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Systemischer Lupus erythematodes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συστηματικός ερυθηματώδης λύκος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematoso sistémico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lupus érythémateux disséminé","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिस्टमिक ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szisztémás lupus erythematosus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lupus eritematoso sistemico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"全身性エリテマトーデス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전신 홍반성 루푸스","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toczeń rumieniowaty układowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lúpus eritematoso sistémico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Системная красная волчанка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Systémový lupus erythematosus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sistemik lupus eritematozus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Системний червоний вовчак","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"系统性红斑狼疮","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Lupus","text":"What is lupus?\nLupus is a chronic (long-lasting) type of autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This attack causes inflammation. It can also damage many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.\nThere are several types of lupus:\n• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common type. It can be mild or severe and can affect many parts of the body.\n• Cutaneous lupus affects the skin. It causes a rash or sores, usually after your skin is exposed to sunlight. The two major types of cutaneous lupus are discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus.\n• Drug-induced lupus is caused by a reaction to some medicines. The symptoms may start 3 to 6 months after starting the medicine. The symptoms usually go away when you stop taking the medicine.\n• Neonatal lupus, which is rare, affects newborns. It is caused by certain antibodies that are passed from the pregnant mother to the fetus.\nWhat causes lupus?\nThe cause of lupus is unknown. Researchers are studying what might cause or trigger the disease, such as:\n• Genetics\n• Environmental factors, such as viral infections, sunlight, certain medicines, and smoking\n• Problems with the immune system\nWho is more likely to get lupus?\nAnyone can get lupus, but women get it much more often than men.\nLupus is more common in African Americans than in White people. It is also more common in people of American Indian and Asian descent. African American and Hispanic women are more likely to have severe forms of lupus.\nWhat are the symptoms of lupus?\nLupus can have many symptoms, and they differ from person to person. Some of the more common ones are:\n• Arthritis, causing painful and swollen joints and morning stiffness\n• Fever\n• Fatigue or feeling tired often\n• Red rash, most often on the face (also called the \"butterfly rash\")\n• Chest pain when taking a deep breath\n• Hair loss\n• Pale or purple fingers or toes, from cold and stress (Raynaud phenomenon)\n• Sensitivity to the sun\n• Swelling in legs or around eyes\n• Mouth ulcers\n• Swollen glands\n• Headache and dizziness\n• Confusion and memory problems\nSymptoms may come and go. When you are having symptoms, it is called a flare. Flares can range from mild to severe. New symptoms may appear at any time.\nWhat other problems can lupus cause?\nLupus causes inflammation throughout your body. This can cause problems in your organs, including:\n• Kidney damage (lupus nephritis).\n• Heart problems, including inflammation in the heart (myocarditis), heart valves, or lining of the heart muscle (pericarditis).\n• Inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis).\n• Blood clots\n• Inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the lungs (pleurisy). This can make it painful to breathe.\nSome people with lupus may be more likely to develop other conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis.\nHow is lupus diagnosed?\nThere is no specific test for lupus, and it's often mistaken for other diseases that cause similar symptoms. So it may take a while to get a diagnosis. To find out if you have lupus, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and family health history\n• Will do a complete physical exam\n• May order blood tests, such as ANA (antinuclear antibody), antibodies, complete blood count, and complement tests\n• May order other tests, such as urine tests\n• May do biopsies:\n• Skin biopsy (looking at skin samples under a microscope)\n• Kidney biopsy (looking at tissue from your kidney under a microscope)\nWhat are the treatments for lupus?\nThere is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it.\nPeople with lupus often need to see different providers. You will most likely have a primary care provider and a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in autoimmune and other diseases of the bones, joints, and muscles). Which other specialists you may need depend on how lupus affects your body. For example, if lupus is damaging your heart or blood vessels, you would see a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases).\nYour primary care provider should coordinate care between all of your other providers and treat other problems as they come up. You and your primary care provider will develop a treatment plan to fit your needs. You will both review the plan often to make sure that it is working. You should report new symptoms to your provider right away so that your treatment plan can be changed, if needed.\nThe goals of a treatment plan are to:\n• Prevent flares\n• Treat flares when they occur\n• Reduce organ damage and other problems\n• Improve your quality of life\nTreatments may include drugs to:\n• Reduce fever, swelling, and pain\n• Reduce inflammation in your body\n• Prevent or reduce flares\n• Reduce or prevent damage to joints\n• Suppress (lower) the activity of your immune system\nNewer medicines are now available for some types of lupus, including lupus that affects the kidneys. These medicines work by targeting specific parts of the immune system. Besides taking medicines for lupus, you may need to take medicines for problems that are related to lupus such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or infections.\nAlternative and complementary therapies are therapies that are not part of standard treatments. Some people try alternative and complementary therapies to improve their lupus symptoms. But research has not clearly shown whether these treatments may help or treat lupus. Talk to your provider before trying any new treatments.\nResearchers are also studying treatments, such as CAR-T cell therapy, for lupus that hasn't improved with other medicines. New treatments like this are usually only available by joining a research study, until they're approved for general use.\nHow can I cope with lupus?\nIt is important to take an active role in your treatment. It helps to learn more about lupus - being able to spot the warning signs of a flare can help you prevent the flare or make the symptoms less severe.\nIt is also important to find ways to cope with the stress of having lupus. Exercising and finding ways to relax may make it easier for you to cope. A good support system can also help.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lupus","text":"¿Qué es el lupus?\nEl lupus es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune, crónica (de larga duración). Las enfermedades autoinmunes ocurren cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca las células y tejidos sanos por error. Este ataque causa inflamación. También puede dañar muchas partes del cuerpo, como las articulaciones, la piel, los riñones, el corazón, los pulmones y el cerebro, entre otras.\nHay varios tipos de lupus:\n• Lupus eritematoso sistémico: Es el más común. Puede ser leve o grave y afectar a muchas partes del cuerpo.\n• Lupus cutáneo: Afecta la piel. Causa sarpullido o llagas, por lo general, después de la exposición al sol. Los dos tipos principales de lupus cutáneo son el lupus discoide y el lupus cutáneo subagudo.\n• Lupus inducido por medicamentos: Es causado por una reacción a ciertos medicamentos. Los síntomas suelen aparecer de tres a seis meses después de empezar a tomarlos y, por lo general, desaparecen al suspenderlos.\n• Lupus neonatal: Es poco común y afecta a los recién nacidos. Es causado por ciertos anticuerpos que se transfieren de la madre embarazada al feto.\n¿Qué causa el lupus?\nSe desconoce la causa del lupus. Los investigadores están estudiando qué podría causar o desencadenar la enfermedad. Algunos de los factores que se están investigando incluyen:\n• Genética\n• Factores medioambientales, como infecciones virales, luz solar, ciertos medicamentos y fumar\n• Problemas con el sistema inmunitario\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener lupus?\nCualquier persona puede tener lupus, pero las mujeres lo padecen con mucha más frecuencia que los hombres.\nEl lupus es más frecuente en las personas afroamericanas que en las personas blancas. También es más frecuente en las personas de ascendencia indígena americana y asiática. Las mujeres afroamericanas e hispanas son más propensas a padecer formas graves de lupus.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del lupus?\nEl lupus puede producir muchos síntomas que difieren de una persona a otra. Algunos de los más comunes son:\n• Artritis, que causa dolor e inflamación en las articulaciones y rigidez en horas de la mañana\n• Fiebre\n• Fatiga o sensación de cansancio frecuente\n• Erupciones rojas en la piel, por lo general en la cara y en forma de mariposa\n• Dolor de pecho al respirar profundamente\n• Pérdida de cabello\n• Dedos de las manos o pies pálidos o de color púrpura por frío o estrés (fenómeno de Raynaud)\n• Sensibilidad al sol\n• Hinchazón en las piernas o alrededor de los ojos\n• Úlceras en la boca\n• Inflamación de las glándulas\n• Dolor de cabeza y mareos\n• Confusión y problemas de memoria\nLos síntomas aparecen y desaparecen. El periodo en que aparecen se conoce como \"brote\". La intensidad de los brotes varía de leve a grave, y pueden surgir síntomas nuevos en cualquier momento.\n¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar el lupus?\nEl lupus causa inflamación en todo el cuerpo. Esta inflamación puede afectar distintos órganos y causar problemas como los siguientes:\n• Daño renal (nefritis lúpica)\n• Problemas cardíacos, como inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), las válvulas cardíacas o el revestimiento del músculo cardíaco (pericarditis)\n• Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos (vasculitis)\n• Coágulos sanguíneos\n• Inflamación del tejido que rodea los pulmones (pleuresía), lo que puede hacer que respirar sea doloroso\nAlgunas personas con lupus pueden tener más probabilidades de presentar otras afecciones, como enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) y ateroesclerosis.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el lupus?\nNo existe una prueba específica para diagnosticar el lupus y, a menudo, se confunde con otras enfermedades que causan síntomas similares. Por eso, el diagnóstico puede tardar algún tiempo. Para determinar si tiene lupus, su proveedor de atención médica:\n• Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas, su historia clínica y sus antecedentes familiares de salud\n• Hará un examen físico completo\n• Podría solicitar exámenes de sangre, como pruebas de anticuerpos antinucleares, anticuerpos, conteo sanguíneo completo y análisis del complemento\n• Podría solicitar otras pruebas, como análisis de orina\n• Podría realizar biopsias:\n• Biopsia de piel (examinar muestras de piel bajo el microscopio)\n• Biopsia de riñón (examinar tejidos renales bajo el microscopio)\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el lupus?\nNo existe una cura para el lupus, pero medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a controlarlo.\nA menudo, las personas con lupus necesitan consultar a proveedores diferentes. En principio, lo más probable es que usted tendrá un proveedor de atención primaria y un reumatólogo (un médico que se especializa en las enfermedades autoinmunes y en otras enfermedades de los huesos, las articulaciones y los músculos). Dependiendo de cómo el lupus afecte a su cuerpo, quizás necesite consultar a otros especialistas. Por ejemplo, si el lupus causa daños en su corazón o sus vasos sanguíneos, usted consultaría a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades cardíacas).\nSu proveedor de atención primaria debe coordinar la atención entre los diferentes proveedores de atención médica y tratar cualquier otro problema de salud que surja. Usted y su proveedor elaborarán un plan de tratamiento adaptado a sus necesidades. Ambos deben revisar el plan para asegurarse de que está funcionando. Debe informar de inmediato a su proveedor si presenta nuevos síntomas para que, si es necesario, se modifique el plan de tratamiento.\nLos objetivos de un plan de tratamiento son:\n• Evitar los brotes\n• Tratar los síntomas cuando se produzcan\n• Reducir el daño a los órganos y otros problemas\n• Mejorar la calidad de vida\nLos tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos para:\n• Reducir la fiebre, la inflamación y el dolor\n• Reducir la inflamación en el cuerpo\n• Evitar o reducir los brotes\n• Reducir o prevenir el daño a las articulaciones\n• Suprimir (bajar) la actividad del sistema inmunitario\nEn la actualidad, existen medicamentos más nuevos para algunos tipos de lupus, incluso para el lupus que afecta los riñones. Estos medicamentos actúan sobre partes específicas del sistema inmunitario. Además de tomar medicamentos para el lupus, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para problemas relacionados con esta enfermedad, como colesterol alto, presión arterial alta o infecciones.\nLas terapias alternativas y complementarias son terapias que no forman parte de los tratamientos estándar. Algunas personas prueban terapias alternativas y complementarias para mejorar los síntomas del lupus. Sin embargo, las investigaciones no han demostrado claramente si estos tratamientos pueden ayudar o tratar el lupus. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de probar cualquier tratamiento nuevo.\nLos investigadores también están estudiando tratamientos, como la terapia con células CAR-T, para el lupus que no ha mejorado con otros medicamentos. Por lo general, estos tratamientos nuevos solo están disponibles para las personas que participan en estudios de investigación, hasta que se aprueban para su uso general.\n¿Cómo puedo sobrellevar el lupus?\nEs importante desempeñar un papel activo en su tratamiento. Puede ser útil para aprender más sobre el lupus. Detectar las señales de alerta de un brote puede ayudarle a prevenirlo o hacer que los síntomas sean menos graves.\nTambién es importante encontrar maneras de lidiar con el estrés que causa tener lupus. El ejercicio y otras formas de relajación pueden hacer más fácil sobrellevar la afección. Un buen sistema de apoyo también puede ayudarle.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0385","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"dermatomyositis-and-polymyositis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/dermatomyositis-and-polymyositis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M33","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"4A41.Z","display":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/464294586/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#464294586/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomyositis and polymyositis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomiozită și polimiozită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجلد والعضلات والتهاب العضلات المتعدد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomyozitida a polymyozitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomyositis und Polymyositis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δερματομυοσίτιδα και πολυμυοσίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomiositis y polimiositis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomyosite et polymyosite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डर्मेटोमायोसाइटिस और पॉलीमायोसाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomyositis és polymyositis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomiosite e polimiosite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"皮膚筋炎・多発性筋炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"피부근염 및 다발성근염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie skórno-mięśniowe i wielomięśniowe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomiosite e polimiosite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дерматомиозит и полимиозит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomyozitída a polymyozitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dermatomiyozit ve polimiyozit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дерматоміозит і поліміозит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"皮肌炎和多发性肌炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Myositis","text":"Myositis means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. An injury, infection, or autoimmune disease can cause it. Two specific kinds are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis causes muscle weakness, usually in the muscles closest to the trunk of your body. Dermatomyositis causes muscle weakness, plus a skin rash.\nOther symptoms of myositis may include:\n• Fatigue after walking or standing\n• Tripping or falling\n• Trouble swallowing or breathing\nDoctors may use a physical exam, lab tests, imaging tests and a muscle biopsy to diagnose myositis. There is no cure for these diseases, but you can treat the symptoms. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are first treated with high doses of a corticosteroid. Other options include medications, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, assistive devices, and rest.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Miositis","text":"La miositis es la inflamación de los músculos que se usan para mover el cuerpo. Puede ser causada por una lesión, una infección o una enfermedad autoinmune. Dos tipos principales de miositis son la polimiositis y la dermatomiositis. La polimiositis causa debilidad en los músculos y en general afecta a los músculos cercanos al tronco del cuerpo. La dermatomiositis causa también debilidad muscular y además un sarpullido en la piel.\nOtros síntomas de la miositis pueden ser:\n• Cansancio después de caminar o estar parado\n• Tropiezos o caídas\n• Problemas para tragar o respirar\nPara su diagnóstico el doctor hará un examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen y una biopsia muscular. No existe una cura para estas enfermedades pero los síntomas se pueden controlar. Tanto la polimiositis como la dermatomiositis se tratan con altas dosis de corticosteroides. Otras opciones pueden ser otros medicamentos, terapia de rehabilitación, ejercicio, calor, aparatos de asistencia y descanso.\nInstituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0386","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"scleroderma","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/scleroderma","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M34","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"4A42.Z","display":"Systemic sclerosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1084365812/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1084365812/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Scleroderma","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Esclerodermia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Scleroză sistemică (sclerodermie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التصلب الجهازي (تصلب الجلد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Systémová sklerodermie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Systemische Sklerose (Sklerodermie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συστηματική σκλήρυνση (σκληρόδερμα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sclérodermie systémique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिस्टमिक स्क्लेरोसिस (स्क्लेरोडर्मा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szisztémás sclerosis (scleroderma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sclerosi sistemica (sclerodermia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"全身性強皮症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전신경화증(경피증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Twardzina układowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Esclerose sistémica (esclerodermia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Системная склеродермия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Systémová sklerodermia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sistemik skleroz (skleroderma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Системна склеродермія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"系统性硬化症（硬皮病）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Dermatosclerosis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Scleroderma","text":"What is scleroderma?\nScleroderma means \"hard skin.\" It's the name of an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and thickening in the skin and other areas of the body. This inflammation causes you to have areas of tight, hard skin. Scleroderma may affect just one area of your body, or it can affect many systems in your body.\nWhat are the types of scleroderma?\nThere are two main types of scleroderma:\n• Localized scleroderma only affects your skin and the muscles and tissues just under your skin.\n• Systemic scleroderma, which is also called systemic sclerosis, is a more serious type. It affects many parts of your body and can damage your blood vessels and internal organs, such as your heart, lungs, and kidneys.\nWhat causes scleroderma?\nThe exact cause of scleroderma is unknown. Researchers think that several factors may play a part in causing the disease:\n• Your genetics. Certain genes can raise your chance of getting scleroderma. They may also affect which type of scleroderma you have. Scleroderma is not passed from parent to child, but you are more likely to get it if a close relative has it.\n• Your environment. Things around you may trigger scleroderma, such as certain chemicals, viruses, or medicines. However, a trigger cannot be found for most people.\n• Immune system changes. When your immune system attacks healthy tissue by mistake, it can trigger your cells to make too much collagen, which causes patches of tight, hard skin.\n• Hormones. Hormonal or immune system differences between women and men might play a part in the disease.\nWho is more likely to develop scleroderma?\nAnyone can get scleroderma, but certain factors may make you more likely to develop it:\n• Your sex. Scleroderma is more common in women than in men.\n• Your age. The disease usually appears between the ages of 30 and 50.\n• Your race. Scleroderma can affect people of all races and ethnic groups, but the disease is more common and can be more severe in African Americans.\nWhat are the symptoms of scleroderma?\nThe symptoms of scleroderma are different for each person, depending on the type of scleroderma you have:\n• Localized scleroderma usually causes patches of thick, hard skin in one of two patterns:\n• Patches in firm, oval shapes that stay in one area or spread to other areas of skin. This is called morphea.\n• Lines of thickened or different colored skin that run down your arm, leg, and, rarely, on the forehead. This is called linear scleroderma.\n• Systemic scleroderma can cause problems with your internal organs as well as your skin. It has two kinds. Limited cutaneous scleroderma affects less of your skin while diffuse cutaneous scleroderma spreads further and is more likely to damage your organs.\nSymptoms can include:\n• Thick, tight skin on your fingers\n• Fatigue\n• Raynaud's phenomenon, a narrowing of blood vessels that makes your fingers or toes turn white, blue, or red and feel numb or painful from cold or stress\n• Joint pain and stiffness\n• Trouble swallowing, heartburn, or shortness of breath\n• Damage to your internal organs, including your digestive system, kidneys, and heart\nMost people with systemic scleroderma have some loss of lung function.\nHow is scleroderma diagnosed?\nThere is no single test for scleroderma. The symptoms can vary from person to person and can be similar to those of other diseases. This can make scleroderma hard to diagnose.\nTo find out if you have scleroderma, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms and medical history\n• Will do a physical exam\n• May order blood tests, including an ANA (antinuclear antibody) test\n• May do a skin biopsy\n• May do other tests, such as imaging tests, to check for organ damage\nWhat are the treatments for scleroderma?\nThere is no cure for scleroderma, but treatments can help control your symptoms and limit damage. The treatments may include:\n• Medicines to help lower swelling, manage pain, control other symptoms, and prevent complications.\n• Physical or occupational therapy to help with pain, improve muscle strength, and learn easier ways to do everyday tasks.\n• Regular dental care, because scleroderma can make your mouth dry and damage connective tissues in your mouth. These problems can speed up tooth decay and cause your teeth to become loose.\nYou may need to see specialists to help treat the disease. Many people with scleroderma will see a rheumatologist. This is a doctor who specializes in autoimmune and other diseases of the bones, joints, and muscles. Dermatologists, a doctor who specializes in skin diseases, may also play an important role in treating the disease. You may need to see other specialists if scleroderma affects your organs. It can also help to talk with a mental health professional about living with a long-term illness.\nYou can also help manage some of your symptoms, for example by:\n• Dressing warm and avoiding cold or wet environments\n• Quitting smoking (if you smoke)\n• Putting on sunscreen before you go outdoors\n• Using moisturizers on your skin to help lessen stiffness\n• Avoiding hot baths and showers, harsh soaps, and household cleaners\n• Getting regular physical activity\n• Seeing your dentist for regular checkups\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Esclerodermia","text":"¿Qué es la esclerodermia?\nEsclerodermia significa \"piel dura\". Es el nombre de una enfermedad autoinmune que causa inflamación y engrosamiento de la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. Esta inflamación hace que tenga áreas de piel tensa y dura. La esclerodermia puede afectar solo un área o muchos sistemas del cuerpo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de esclerodermia?\nHay dos tipos principales de esclerodermia:\n• Esclerodermia localizada: Afecta solo la piel y los músculos y tejidos justo debajo de la piel\n• Esclerodermia sistémica: Es un tipo más grave que también se conoce como esclerosis sistémica. Afecta a muchas partes del cuerpo y puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los órganos internos, como el corazón, los pulmones y los riñones\n¿Qué causa la esclerodermia?\nSe desconoce la causa exacta de la esclerodermia. Los investigadores creen que varios factores pueden influir en la causa de la enfermedad:\n• La genética: Ciertos genes pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tener esclerodermia. También pueden influir en el tipo de esclerodermia que presente. La esclerodermia no se transmite de padres a hijos, pero es más probable que se desarrolle si un pariente cercano tiene la afección\n• El ambiente: Los elementos que le rodean pueden desencadenar la esclerodermia, como ciertos químicos, virus o medicamentos. Sin embargo, no puede identificarse un desencadenante para la mayoría de las personas\n• Los cambios en el sistema inmunitario: Cuando su sistema inmunitario ataca el tejido sano por error, puede hacer que sus células produzcan demasiado colágeno. Este exceso de colágeno provoca áreas de piel tensa y dura\n• Las hormonas: Las diferencias hormonales o del sistema inmunitario entre mujeres y hombres podrían influir en la enfermedad\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener esclerodermia?\nCualquier persona puede desarrollar esclerodermia, pero ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tenerla:\n• El sexo: La esclerodermia es más común en mujeres que en hombres\n• La edad: La enfermedad suele aparecer entre los 30 y 50 años\n• La raza: La esclerodermia puede afectar a personas de todas las razas y grupos étnicos, pero la enfermedad es más común y puede ser más grave entre los afrodescendientes\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la esclerodermia?\nLos síntomas de la esclerodermia son diferentes para cada persona, según el tipo de esclerodermia que tenga:\n• La esclerodermia localizada en general causa parches de piel gruesa y dura en uno de dos patrones:\n• Parches firmes y ovalados que permanecen en un área o se extienden a otras áreas de la piel. Esto se llama morfea\n• Líneas de piel gruesa o de diferente color que recorren el brazo, la pierna y, en raras ocasiones, la frente. Esto se llama esclerodermia lineal\n• La esclerodermia sistémica puede causar problemas tanto en los órganos internos como en la piel. Existen dos tipos. La esclerodermia cutánea limitada afecta una menor extensión de la piel, mientras que la esclerodermia cutánea difusa se extiende a áreas más amplias y tiene más probabilidad de dañar los órganos. Los síntomas pueden incluir:\n• Piel gruesa y tensa en los dedos\n• Fatiga\n• Fenómeno de Raynaud, un estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos que hace que los dedos de las manos o de los pies se tornen blancos, azules o rojos, y se sientan entumecidos o duelan debido al frío o al estrés\n• Dolor y rigidez en las articulaciones\n• Dificultad para tragar, acidez estomacal o falta de aire\n• Daño en los órganos internos, incluidos el sistema digestivo, los riñones y el corazón\nLa mayoría de las personas con esclerodermia sistémica presenta algún grado de pérdida de la función pulmonar.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la esclerodermia?\nNo existe una prueba única para la esclerodermia. Los síntomas pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden ser similares a los de otras afecciones. Esto puede hacer que la esclerodermia sea difícil de diagnosticar.\nPara saber si tiene esclerodermia, su proveedor de cuidados de salud:\n• Preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica\n• Le hará un examen físico\n• Puede solicitar análisis de sangre, incluida una prueba de anticuerpos antinucleares\n• Puede hacerle una biopsia de piel\n• Puede realizar otros exámenes, como pruebas de imágenes, para detectar daños en los órganos\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la esclerodermia?\nNo existe cura para la esclerodermia, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y limitar el daño. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Medicamentos para ayudar a disminuir la inflamación, controlar el dolor, manejar otros síntomas y prevenir complicaciones\n• Terapia física u ocupacional para ayudar con el dolor, mejorar la fuerza muscular y enseñarle formas más sencillas de hacer tareas cotidianas\n• Cuidado dental regular, porque la esclerodermia puede resecar la boca y dañar sus tejidos conectivos. Estos problemas pueden acelerar las caries y hacer que los dientes se aflojen\nEs posible que necesite consultar a especialistas para que le ayuden a tratar la enfermedad. Muchas personas con esclerodermia acuden a un reumatólogo. Este es un especialista en enfermedades autoinmunes y otras afecciones de los huesos, las articulaciones y los músculos. Los dermatólogos, médicos que se especializan en afecciones de la piel, también pueden tener un papel importante en el tratamiento de la esclerodermia. De igual forma, podría necesitar ver a otros especialistas si la enfermedad afecta sus órganos. También podría ser útil hablar con un profesional de la salud mental sobre cómo vivir con una enfermedad de larga duración.\nTambién puede ayudar a controlar algunos de sus síntomas si, por ejemplo:\n• Se abriga y evita ambientes fríos o húmedos\n• Deja de fumar (si fuma)\n• Se aplica protector solar antes de salir al aire libre\n• Usa humectantes en la piel para ayudar a disminuir la rigidez\n• Evita baños y duchas calientes, jabones fuertes y limpiadores domésticos\n• Hace actividad física regular\n• Asiste a sus citas regulares con el dentista\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0037","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Scleroderma, Systemic — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0236","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Scleroderma, Systemic — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0387","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"scoliosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/scoliosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M41","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA70.1","display":"Scoliosis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1925604007","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1925604007"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Scoliosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Scoliosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Escoliosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Scolioză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الجنف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Skolióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Skoliose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σκολίωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Scoliose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्कोलियोसिस (रीढ़ का टेढ़ापन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gerincferdülés (scoliosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Scoliosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"側弯症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"척추측만증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Skolioza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Escoliose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сколиоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Skolióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Skolyoz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сколіоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脊柱侧弯","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Scoliosis","text":"Scoliosis causes a sideways curve of your backbone, or spine. These curves are often S- or C-shaped. Scoliosis is most common in late childhood and the early teens, when children grow fast. Girls are more likely to have it than boys. It can run in families. Symptoms include leaning to one side and having uneven shoulders and hips. Sometimes it is easy to notice, but not always.\nChildren may get screening for scoliosis at school or during a checkup. If it looks like there is a problem, your doctor will use your medical and family history, a physical exam, and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on your age, how much more you're likely to grow, how much curving there is, and whether the curve is temporary or permanent. People with mild scoliosis might only need checkups to see if the curve is getting worse. Others might need to wear a brace or have surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Escoliosis","text":"La escoliosis causa una curvatura hacia los lados de la columna vertebral o espina dorsal. Las curvas suelen tener forma de S o de C. La escoliosis es más común al final de la niñez y el inicio de la adolescencia, cuando el crecimiento es más rápido. Las niñas suelen tenerla más que los varones. Suele ser hereditaria. Los síntomas incluyen inclinación hacia un lado y tener hombros y caderas desiguales. A veces es fácil notar los síntomas, pero no siempre.\nLos niños pueden tener un examen para detectar escoliosis en la escuela o durante un chequeo médico. Si parece que hay un problema, los médicos usarán su historia clínica y familiar, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen para diagnosticarla. El tratamiento depende de su edad, cuánto más es probable que crezca, cuán marcada es la curva y si la curva es temporal o permanente. Las personas con escoliosis leve pueden necesitar solamente chequeos para ver si la curva está empeorando. Otros podrían necesitar usar un corsé o someterse a una cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0388","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"axial-spondyloarthritis-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/axial-spondyloarthritis-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M45","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FA92.0Z","display":"Axial spondyloarthritis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1505896560/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1505896560/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Spondilită anchilozantă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الفقار المقسط","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ankylozující spondylitida (Bechtěrevova nemoc)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Morbus Bechterew (ankylosierende Spondylitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αγκυλοποιητική σπονδυλίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Espondilitis anquilosante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Spondylarthrite ankylosante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एंकिलॉज़िंग स्पॉन्डिलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Spondylitis ankylopoetica (Bechterew-kór)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Spondilite anchilosante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"強直性脊椎炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"강직성 척추염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zesztywniające zapalenie stawów kręgosłupa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Espondilite anquilosante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Анкилозирующий спондилит (болезнь Бехтерева)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ankylozujúca spondylitída (Bechterevova choroba)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ankilozan spondilit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Анкілозивний спондиліт (хвороба Бехтерєва)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"强直性脊柱炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ankylosing spondylitis","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ankylosing Spondylitis","text":"What is ankylosing spondylitis?\nAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis of the spine. It causes inflammation (swelling) between your vertebrae (the bones that make up your spine) and the joints between your spine and pelvis. AS inflammation can cause stiffness and make it difficult to move and bend.\nSymptoms of AS can range from mild to severe back pain. Over time, AS can fuse (grow together) your vertebrae, limiting movement and causing a hunched posture. In some people, AS can affect other joints or body parts.\nThere is no cure for AS, but early treatment can help manage symptoms, slow down the disease, and help you lead a more productive life.\nWho is more likely to get ankylosing spondylitis?\nAnkylosing spondylitis usually starts before age 45. Early symptoms may begin between the ages of 15 and 30. Your chance of developing AS can also increase if:\n• You're a man. AS is more common and severe in men.\n• You have a family history. If a member of your family has AS, you're more likely to get the disease.\n• You have other medical conditions that may increase your risk of getting AS. These include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or psoriasis.\nWhat causes ankylosing spondylitis?\nNo one knows what causes ankylosing spondylitis, but the environment and genes likely play a role. Your genes are parts of DNA in your cells that are passed down from your parents. Certain genes may increase your risk of getting the disease, but not everyone with these genes gets AS.\nWhat are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?\nAS affects people differently. The most common symptom is pain and stiffness in the lower back and/or hips. The pain is usually worse during the night or after sitting for a long time.\nOver time, AS may progress to other areas of your spine or body. Symptoms may depend on which areas of your body the disease affects. Some people have symptoms that come and go. Others may have severe, ongoing pain.\nOther symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis may include:\n• Pain, stiffness, and inflammation of the joints.\n• Difficulty taking a deep breath. This could occur if the joints connecting the ribs are affected.\n• Changes in vision.\n• Fatigue.\n• Loss of appetite.\n• Weight loss.\n• Skin rashes, such as psoriasis.\n• Abdominal (belly) pain and loose stools (poop).\nHow is ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed?\nThere is no single test for ankylosing spondylitis. To find out if you have AS your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms.\n• Ask about your family health history, including relatives who have had AS.\n• Do a physical exam.\n• Order blood tests or imaging studies.\nWhat are the treatments for ankylosing spondylitis?\nAS has no cure, but treatment may help relieve symptoms, maintain posture, and slow down the disease. Since other parts of your body can be affected by AS, you will likely work with a team of health care professionals for tests, diagnosis, and care.\nTreatment usually includes medicine to help relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse, as well as physical therapy to improve mobility. If AS is severe, surgery may be needed.\nYou can help manage your AS symptoms if you:\n• Exercise\n• Monitor your symptoms\n• Manage your stress\n• Use assistive devices as needed\n• Follow a healthy diet\n• Stop smoking, or don't start\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Espondilitis anquilosante","text":"¿Qué es la espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante es un tipo de artritis de la columna vertebral. Provoca inflamación entre las vértebras (los huesos que forman la columna vertebral) y las articulaciones entre la columna y la pelvis. La inflamación de la espondilitis anquilosante puede causar rigidez y dificultar el movimiento y la flexión.\nLos síntomas de la espondilitis anquilosante pueden variar desde dolor de espalda leve a intenso. Con el tiempo, la afección puede fusionar (unir) las vértebras, limitando el movimiento y causando una postura encorvada. En algunas personas, puede afectar otras articulaciones o partes del cuerpo.\nLa espondilitis anquilosante no tiene cura, pero el tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas, retrasar la enfermedad y ayudarle a llevar una vida más productiva.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante suele comenzar antes de los 45 años. Los primeros síntomas pueden aparecer entre los 15 y los 30 años. La probabilidad de desarrollarla también puede aumentar si:\n• Es hombre: La espondilitis anquilosante es más común y grave en los hombres\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares: Si un miembro de su familia la tiene, es más probable que desarrolle la enfermedad\n• Tiene otras afecciones médicas que pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar espondilitis anquilosante: Estas incluyen la enfermedad de Crohn, la colitis ulcerosa o la psoriasis\n¿Qué causa la espondilitis anquilosante?\nNo se conoce la causa de la espondilitis anquilosante, pero es probable que el medio ambiente y los genes desempeñen un papel. Sus genes son partes del ADN de sus células que se transmiten de sus padres. Ciertos genes pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad, pero no todas las personas con estos genes desarrollan la afección.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante afecta a las personas de manera diferente. El síntoma más común es el dolor y la rigidez en la zona lumbar o las caderas. El dolor suele empeorar durante la noche o después de estar sentado por mucho tiempo.\nCon el tiempo, la espondilitis anquilosante puede avanzar a otras áreas de la columna o del cuerpo. Los síntomas pueden depender de las zonas afectadas por la enfermedad. Algunas personas tienen síntomas que aparecen y desaparecen. Otras pueden tener un dolor intenso y continuo.\nOtros síntomas de la espondilitis anquilosante pueden incluir:\n• Dolor, rigidez e inflamación de las articulaciones\n• Problemas para respirar profundamente. Esto puede ocurrir si se ven afectadas las articulaciones que conectan las costillas\n• Cambios en la visión\n• Fatiga\n• Pérdida de apetito\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Erupciones de la piel, como psoriasis\n• Dolor abdominal y heces blandas\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la espondilitis anquilosante?\nNo existe una única prueba para la espondilitis anquilosante. Para saber si la tiene, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntarle sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntarle sobre sus antecedentes médicos familiares, incluyendo parientes que hayan tenido espondilitis anquilosante\n• Realizarle un examen físico\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre o pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante no tiene cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas, mantener la postura y retrasar la enfermedad. Dado que la espondilitis anquilosante puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, es probable que trabaje con un equipo de profesionales de la salud para realizar pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.\nEn general, el tratamiento incluye medicamentos para ayudar a aliviar los síntomas y evitar que la enfermedad empeore, así como terapia física para mejorar la movilidad. Si la afección es grave, puede ser necesaria una cirugía.\nPuede ayudar a controlar los síntomas si:\n• Hace ejercicio\n• Controla sus síntomas\n• Controla su estrés\n• Usa dispositivos de asistencia según sea necesario\n• Sigue una dieta saludable\n• Deja de fumar o no comienza\nInstituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0389","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-inflammatory-spine-diseases","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-inflammatory-spine-diseases","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M46","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other inflammatory spine diseases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte spondilopatii inflamatorii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اعتلالات الفقار الالتهابية الأخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné zánětlivé spondylopatie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere entzündliche Spondylopathien","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες φλεγμονώδεις σπονδυλοπάθειες","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras espondilopatías inflamatorias","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres spondylopathies inflammatoires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रीढ़ के अन्य सूजन संबंधी रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb gyulladásos gerincbetegségek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre spondilopatie infiammatorie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の炎症性脊椎障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 염증성 척추병증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zapalne choroby kręgosłupa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras espondilopatias inflamatórias","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие воспалительные спондилопатии","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné zápalové spondylopatie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer enflamatuvar omurga hastalıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші запальні спондилопатії","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他炎性脊柱病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ankylosing Spondylitis","text":"What is ankylosing spondylitis?\nAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis of the spine. It causes inflammation (swelling) between your vertebrae (the bones that make up your spine) and the joints between your spine and pelvis. AS inflammation can cause stiffness and make it difficult to move and bend.\nSymptoms of AS can range from mild to severe back pain. Over time, AS can fuse (grow together) your vertebrae, limiting movement and causing a hunched posture. In some people, AS can affect other joints or body parts.\nThere is no cure for AS, but early treatment can help manage symptoms, slow down the disease, and help you lead a more productive life.\nWho is more likely to get ankylosing spondylitis?\nAnkylosing spondylitis usually starts before age 45. Early symptoms may begin between the ages of 15 and 30. Your chance of developing AS can also increase if:\n• You're a man. AS is more common and severe in men.\n• You have a family history. If a member of your family has AS, you're more likely to get the disease.\n• You have other medical conditions that may increase your risk of getting AS. These include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or psoriasis.\nWhat causes ankylosing spondylitis?\nNo one knows what causes ankylosing spondylitis, but the environment and genes likely play a role. Your genes are parts of DNA in your cells that are passed down from your parents. Certain genes may increase your risk of getting the disease, but not everyone with these genes gets AS.\nWhat are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?\nAS affects people differently. The most common symptom is pain and stiffness in the lower back and/or hips. The pain is usually worse during the night or after sitting for a long time.\nOver time, AS may progress to other areas of your spine or body. Symptoms may depend on which areas of your body the disease affects. Some people have symptoms that come and go. Others may have severe, ongoing pain.\nOther symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis may include:\n• Pain, stiffness, and inflammation of the joints.\n• Difficulty taking a deep breath. This could occur if the joints connecting the ribs are affected.\n• Changes in vision.\n• Fatigue.\n• Loss of appetite.\n• Weight loss.\n• Skin rashes, such as psoriasis.\n• Abdominal (belly) pain and loose stools (poop).\nHow is ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed?\nThere is no single test for ankylosing spondylitis. To find out if you have AS your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms.\n• Ask about your family health history, including relatives who have had AS.\n• Do a physical exam.\n• Order blood tests or imaging studies.\nWhat are the treatments for ankylosing spondylitis?\nAS has no cure, but treatment may help relieve symptoms, maintain posture, and slow down the disease. Since other parts of your body can be affected by AS, you will likely work with a team of health care professionals for tests, diagnosis, and care.\nTreatment usually includes medicine to help relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse, as well as physical therapy to improve mobility. If AS is severe, surgery may be needed.\nYou can help manage your AS symptoms if you:\n• Exercise\n• Monitor your symptoms\n• Manage your stress\n• Use assistive devices as needed\n• Follow a healthy diet\n• Stop smoking, or don't start\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Espondilitis anquilosante","text":"¿Qué es la espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante es un tipo de artritis de la columna vertebral. Provoca inflamación entre las vértebras (los huesos que forman la columna vertebral) y las articulaciones entre la columna y la pelvis. La inflamación de la espondilitis anquilosante puede causar rigidez y dificultar el movimiento y la flexión.\nLos síntomas de la espondilitis anquilosante pueden variar desde dolor de espalda leve a intenso. Con el tiempo, la afección puede fusionar (unir) las vértebras, limitando el movimiento y causando una postura encorvada. En algunas personas, puede afectar otras articulaciones o partes del cuerpo.\nLa espondilitis anquilosante no tiene cura, pero el tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas, retrasar la enfermedad y ayudarle a llevar una vida más productiva.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante suele comenzar antes de los 45 años. Los primeros síntomas pueden aparecer entre los 15 y los 30 años. La probabilidad de desarrollarla también puede aumentar si:\n• Es hombre: La espondilitis anquilosante es más común y grave en los hombres\n• Tiene antecedentes familiares: Si un miembro de su familia la tiene, es más probable que desarrolle la enfermedad\n• Tiene otras afecciones médicas que pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar espondilitis anquilosante: Estas incluyen la enfermedad de Crohn, la colitis ulcerosa o la psoriasis\n¿Qué causa la espondilitis anquilosante?\nNo se conoce la causa de la espondilitis anquilosante, pero es probable que el medio ambiente y los genes desempeñen un papel. Sus genes son partes del ADN de sus células que se transmiten de sus padres. Ciertos genes pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad, pero no todas las personas con estos genes desarrollan la afección.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante afecta a las personas de manera diferente. El síntoma más común es el dolor y la rigidez en la zona lumbar o las caderas. El dolor suele empeorar durante la noche o después de estar sentado por mucho tiempo.\nCon el tiempo, la espondilitis anquilosante puede avanzar a otras áreas de la columna o del cuerpo. Los síntomas pueden depender de las zonas afectadas por la enfermedad. Algunas personas tienen síntomas que aparecen y desaparecen. Otras pueden tener un dolor intenso y continuo.\nOtros síntomas de la espondilitis anquilosante pueden incluir:\n• Dolor, rigidez e inflamación de las articulaciones\n• Problemas para respirar profundamente. Esto puede ocurrir si se ven afectadas las articulaciones que conectan las costillas\n• Cambios en la visión\n• Fatiga\n• Pérdida de apetito\n• Pérdida de peso\n• Erupciones de la piel, como psoriasis\n• Dolor abdominal y heces blandas\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la espondilitis anquilosante?\nNo existe una única prueba para la espondilitis anquilosante. Para saber si la tiene, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntarle sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntarle sobre sus antecedentes médicos familiares, incluyendo parientes que hayan tenido espondilitis anquilosante\n• Realizarle un examen físico\n• Solicitar análisis de sangre o pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la espondilitis anquilosante?\nLa espondilitis anquilosante no tiene cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas, mantener la postura y retrasar la enfermedad. Dado que la espondilitis anquilosante puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, es probable que trabaje con un equipo de profesionales de la salud para realizar pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.\nEn general, el tratamiento incluye medicamentos para ayudar a aliviar los síntomas y evitar que la enfermedad empeore, así como terapia física para mejorar la movilidad. Si la afección es grave, puede ser necesaria una cirugía.\nPuede ayudar a controlar los síntomas si:\n• Hace ejercicio\n• Controla sus síntomas\n• Controla su estrés\n• Usa dispositivos de asistencia según sea necesario\n• Sigue una dieta saludable\n• Deja de fumar o no comienza\nInstituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0390","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"myositis-muscle-inflammation","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/myositis-muscle-inflammation","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M60","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FB30","display":"Infectious myositis","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/82568660","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#82568660"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Myositis (muscle inflammation)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Miozită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب العضل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět svalů (myozitida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Muskelentzündung (Myositis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μυοσίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Miositis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Myosite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मायोसाइटिस (मांसपेशियों की सूजन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Izomgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Miosite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"筋炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"근염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie mięśni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Miosite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Миозит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal svalov (myozitída)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Miyozit (kas iltihabı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Міозит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肌炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Myositis","text":"Myositis means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. An injury, infection, or autoimmune disease can cause it. Two specific kinds are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis causes muscle weakness, usually in the muscles closest to the trunk of your body. Dermatomyositis causes muscle weakness, plus a skin rash.\nOther symptoms of myositis may include:\n• Fatigue after walking or standing\n• Tripping or falling\n• Trouble swallowing or breathing\nDoctors may use a physical exam, lab tests, imaging tests and a muscle biopsy to diagnose myositis. There is no cure for these diseases, but you can treat the symptoms. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are first treated with high doses of a corticosteroid. Other options include medications, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, assistive devices, and rest.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Miositis","text":"La miositis es la inflamación de los músculos que se usan para mover el cuerpo. Puede ser causada por una lesión, una infección o una enfermedad autoinmune. Dos tipos principales de miositis son la polimiositis y la dermatomiositis. La polimiositis causa debilidad en los músculos y en general afecta a los músculos cercanos al tronco del cuerpo. La dermatomiositis causa también debilidad muscular y además un sarpullido en la piel.\nOtros síntomas de la miositis pueden ser:\n• Cansancio después de caminar o estar parado\n• Tropiezos o caídas\n• Problemas para tragar o respirar\nPara su diagnóstico el doctor hará un examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen y una biopsia muscular. No existe una cura para estas enfermedades pero los síntomas se pueden controlar. Tanto la polimiositis como la dermatomiositis se tratan con altas dosis de corticosteroides. Otras opciones pueden ser otros medicamentos, terapia de rehabilitación, ejercicio, calor, aparatos de asistencia y descanso.\nInstituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0391","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"shoulder-injuries-and-disorders-including-frozen-shoulder","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/shoulder-injuries-and-disorders-including-frozen-shoulder","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M75","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Shoulder injuries and disorders (including frozen shoulder)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni ale umărului (inclusiv umăr înghețat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابات الكتف (بما في ذلك الكتف المتجمدة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poškození ramene (včetně zmrzlého ramene)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schulterläsionen (einschließlich Schultersteife)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βλάβες του ώμου (περιλαμβάνεται ο παγωμένος ώμος)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesiones del hombro (incluido el hombro congelado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésions de l'épaule (dont capsulite rétractile)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कंधे की समस्याएँ (फ्रोज़न शोल्डर सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vállsérülések (befagyott vállal)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesioni della spalla (inclusa la spalla congelata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肩の障害（五十肩を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"어깨 병변(오십견 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uszkodzenia barku (w tym bark zamrożony)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesões do ombro (incluindo ombro congelado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поражения плеча (включая «замороженное плечо»)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poškodenia ramena (vrátane zamrznutého ramena)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Omuz lezyonları (donuk omuz dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ураження плеча (включно із «замороженим плечем»)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肩部病变（包括冻结肩）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Shoulder Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone). Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They can also be unstable because the ball of the upper arm is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it. To remain in a stable or normal position, the shoulder must be anchored by muscles, tendons, and ligaments.\nBecause your shoulder can be unstable, it can be easily injured. Common problems include:\n• Sprains and strains\n• Dislocations\n• Separations\n• Tendinitis\n• Bursitis\n• Torn rotator cuffs\n• Frozen shoulder\n• Fractures (broken bones)\n• Arthritis\nHealth care providers diagnose shoulder problems by using your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests.\nOften, the first treatment for shoulder problems is RICE. This stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Other treatments include exercise and medicines to reduce pain and swelling. If those don't work, you may need surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro","text":"La articulación del hombro se compone de tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero. Sus hombros son las articulaciones más móviles de su cuerpo. También puede ser inestable debido a que la bola de la parte superior del brazo es más grande que la cavidad del hombro que la sujeta. Para permanecer en una posición estable o normal, el hombro debe estar anclado por músculos, tendones y ligamentos.\nDebido a que su hombro puede ser inestable, puede lesionarse fácilmente. Los problemas comunes incluyen:\n• Torceduras y distensiones\n• Dislocaciones\n• Separaciones\n• Tendinitis\n• Bursitis\n• Ruptura del manguito rotador\n• Hombro congelado\n• Fracturas (huesos rotos)\n• Artritis\nPara diagnosticar los problemas del hombro, los profesionales de la salud usan su historia clínica, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen.\nA menudo, el primer tratamiento para los problemas del hombro es el reposo, hielo, compresión y elevación (método RICE, en inglés). Otros tratamientos incluyen ejercicio y medicamentos para reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. Si eso no funciona, es posible que necesite cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0392","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"osteoporosis-without-fracture","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/osteoporosis-without-fracture","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M81","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FB83.1Z","display":"Osteoporosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2113001430/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2113001430/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporosis (without fracture)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporoză (fără fractură)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"هشاشة العظام (دون كسر)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporóza (bez zlomeniny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporose (ohne Fraktur)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οστεοπόρωση (χωρίς κάταγμα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporosis (sin fractura)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ostéoporose (sans fracture)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऑस्टियोपोरोसिस (फ्रैक्चर के बिना)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Csontritkulás (törés nélkül)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporosi (senza frattura)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨粗しょう症（骨折なし）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골다공증(골절 없음)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporoza (bez złamania)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporose (sem fratura)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Остеопороз (без перелома)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporóza (bez zlomeniny)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Osteoporoz (kırık olmadan)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Остеопороз (без перелому)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"骨质疏松症（无骨折）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Osteoporosis","text":"What is osteoporosis?\nOsteoporosis is a disease in which your bones become weak and are likely to fracture (break). The disease can develop when your bone mineral density and bone mass decrease. It can also happen if the structure and strength of your bones change.\nOsteoporosis is called a \"silent\" disease because it doesn't usually cause symptoms. You may not even know you have the disease until you break a bone. This could happen with any bone, but it's most common in the bones of your hip, vertebrae in the spine, and wrist.\nWhat causes osteoporosis?\nYour bones are made of living tissue. To keep them strong, your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. Osteoporosis develops when more bone is broken down than replaced. You lose bone mass and changes happen in the structure of your bone tissue. This can happen as you get older. Other risk factors can also lead to the development of osteoporosis or increase your chance of developing the disease.\nWho is more likely to develop osteoporosis?\nAnyone can develop osteoporosis, but you are more likely to develop it if you have one or more risk factors:\n• Your sex. Osteoporosis is more common in women, especially after menopause (postmenopausal).\n• Your age. Your risk increases as you get older. It is most common in people over age 50.\n• Your body size. It is more common in people who are slim and thin boned.\n• Your race:\n• White and Asian women are at highest risk.\n• African American and Mexican American women have a lower risk.\n• White men are at higher risk than African American and Mexican American men.\n• Family history. Your risk of osteoporosis may be higher if one of your parents has osteoporosis or broke their hip.\n• Changes to hormones. Low levels of certain hormones can increase your chance of developing osteoporosis.\n• Diet. A diet that is low in calcium and/or vitamin D or does not include enough protein can raise your risk.\n• Long-term use of certain medicines, such as:\n• Corticosteroids\n• Proton pump inhibitors (which treat GERD)\n• Medicines to treat epilepsy\n• Having other medical conditions, such as:\n• Endocrine diseases\n• Certain digestive diseases\n• Rheumatoid arthritis\n• Certain types of cancer\n• HIV\n• Anorexia nervosa, a type of eating disorder\n• Your lifestyle. Certain lifestyle factors can contribute to bone loss, such as:\n• Smoking tobacco\n• Long-term heavy alcohol use\n• Physical inactivity or prolonged periods of bedrest\nWhat are the symptoms of osteoporosis?\nOsteoporosis usually doesn't cause symptoms. You may not know that you have it until you break a bone.\nHow is osteoporosis diagnosed?\nHealth care providers often diagnose osteoporosis during routine screening for the disease. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for:\n• Women age 65 and older\n• Postmenopausal women under age 65 who have factors that increase the chance of developing osteoporosis\nFor men, it isn't clear yet whether regular screening is helpful. More research is needed to know for sure.\nTo find out if you have osteoporosis, your provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history and whether you have ever broken a bone\n• May do a physical exam, which could include checking for:\n• A loss of height and/or weight\n• Changes in your posture\n• Balance and gait (the way you walk)\n• Your muscle strength\n• Will likely order a bone density scan\n• May do a fracture risk assessment, which is a short questionnaire that helps estimate your risk of breaking a bone in the next 10 years\n• Will likely order a bone density scan\n• May do a fracture risk assessment, which is a short questionnaire that helps estimate your risk of breaking a bone in the next 10 years\nWhat are the treatments for osteoporosis?\nThe goals for treating osteoporosis are to slow or stop bone loss and to prevent fractures. Your provider may recommend:\n• A healthy, balanced diet that includes enough calcium, vitamin D, and protein\n• Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol\n• Regular physical activity including weight-bearing exercise (like walking), strength training, and balance exercises\n• Fall prevention to help prevent fractures\n• Medicines, such as:\n• Medicines that slow down bone loss\n• Medicines that help rebuild bone\nIn addition to managing your osteoporosis, it's important to avoid activities that may cause a fracture. These can include movements that involve:\n• Twisting your spine, like swinging a golf club\n• Bending forward from the waist, like sit ups and toe touches\nYou can also help reduce the risk of breaking a bone by preventing falls.\nCan osteoporosis be prevented?\nTo help keep bones strong and help prevent osteoporosis, the best thing to do is to eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. Getting regular physical activity, limiting alcohol, and not smoking can also help.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Osteoporosis","text":"¿Qué es la osteoporosis?\nLa osteoporosis es una afección en la que sus huesos se debilitan y tienen más probabilidad de fracturarse (romperse). La afección puede desarrollarse cuando su densidad mineral ósea y su masa ósea disminuyen. También puede ocurrir si la estructura y fuerza de sus huesos cambian.\nA la osteoporosis se le llama una afección \"silenciosa\" porque por lo general no causa síntomas. Usted puede no saber que tiene la afección hasta que se rompe un hueso. Esto puede pasar con cualquier hueso, pero es más común con los huesos de su cadera, vértebras en su columna y muñeca.\n¿Qué causa osteoporosis?\nSus huesos están hechos de tejido vivo. Para mantenerlos fuertes, su cuerpo descompone los huesos viejos y los reemplaza con nuevos. La osteoporosis se desarrolla cuando se descompone más hueso del que se reemplaza. Usted pierde masa ósea y suceden cambios en la estructura del tejido del hueso. Esto puede pasar cuando usted envejece. Otros factores de riesgo pueden provocar el desarrollo de osteoporosis o aumentar las posibilidades de desarrollar la afección.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar osteoporosis?\nCualquier persona puede desarrollar osteoporosis, sin embargo, usted tiene más probabilidades de desarrollarla si tiene uno o más factores de riesgo:\n• Su sexo.La osteoporosis es más común en mujeres, especialmente después de la menopausia (posmenopáusica)\n• Su edad. Su riesgo aumenta conforme envejece. Es más común en personas mayores de 50 años\n• El tamaño de su cuerpo. Es más común en personas que son delgadas y tienen huesos finos\n• Su raza:\n• Mujeres caucásicas y asiáticas tienen mayor riesgo\n• Mujeres de ascendencia afroamericana y mexicana tienen un menor riesgo\n• Los hombres caucásicos tienen mayor riesgo que los hombres afroamericanos y mexicoamericanos\n• Historia familiar. Su riesgo de osteoporosis puede ser mayor si uno de sus padres tuvo osteoporosis o se rompió la cadera\n• Cambios hormonales. Niveles bajos de ciertas hormonas pueden incrementar su riesgo de desarrollar osteoporosis\n• Dieta. Una dieta que es baja en calcio y/o vitamina D o no incluye suficiente proteína, puede aumentar su riesgo\n• Uso prolongado de ciertos medicamentos, como:\n• Corticoides\n• Inhibidores de la bomba de protones (que se usan para tratar la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, ERGE\n• Medicamentos para tratar la epilepsia\n• Tener otras afecciones médicas, como:\n• Enfermedades del sistema endocrino\n• Ciertas afecciones digestivas\n• Artritis reumatoide\n• Ciertos tipos de cáncer\n• VIH\n• Anorexia nervosa, un tipo de trastorno de la alimentación\n• Su estilo de vida. Ciertos factores de estilo de vida pueden contribuir a la pérdida de masa ósea, como:\n• Fumar\n• Uso prolongado de consumo excesivo de alcohol\n• Inactividad física o periodos prolongados de reposo en cama\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la osteoporosis?\nA menudo, la osteoporosis no causa síntomas. Usted puede no saber que la tiene hasta que se rompe un hueso.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la osteoporosis?\nLos profesionales de la salud a menudo diagnostican la osteoporosis durante una prueba de detección de rutina de la afección. El equipo de trabajo de servicios preventivos de los Estados Unidos (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) recomienda una prueba de detección para:\n• Mujeres de 65 años o más\n• Mujeres posmenopáusicas menores de 65 años que tienen factores que aumentan la probabilidad de desarrollar osteoporosis\nEn el caso de los hombres, aún no está claro si las pruebas de detección periódicas son útiles. Se necesita más investigación para confirmarlo.\nPara saber si tiene osteoporosis, su profesional de la salud:\n• Le preguntará acerca de su historia médica y si alguna vez se ha roto un hueso\n• Hará un examen físico, el cual puede incluir un chequeo de:\n• Pérdida de altura y/o peso\n• Cambios en su postura\n• Equilibrio y marcha (la forma en que camina)\n• La fuerza de sus músculos\n• Probablemente pedirá una densitometría ósea\n• Puede realizar una evaluación del riesgo de fractura, que es un cuestionario breve que ayuda a estimar su riesgo de fracturarse un hueso en los próximos 10 años\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la osteoporosis?\nEl objetivo del tratamiento para la osteoporosis es retardar o detener la pérdida de masa ósea y prevenir fracturas. Su profesional de la salud puede recomendar:\n• Una dieta saludable y balanceada que incluya suficiente calcio, vitamina D y proteína\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida, como dejar de fumar y limitar el alcohol\n• Actividad física regular que incluya ejercicios con pesas (como caminar), entrenamiento de fuerza y ejercicios de equilibrio\n• Prevención de caídas para ayudar a prevenir fracturas\n• Medicinas, como:\n• Medicinas para retardar la pérdida de masa ósea\n• Medicinas para ayudar a reconstruir el hueso\nAdemás de manejar su osteoporosis, es importante evitar actividades que puedan causar una fractura. Estas incluyen movimientos que involucren:\n• Torcer su columna vertebral, como al utilizar un palo de golf\n• Inclinarse hacia adelante desde la cintura, como ejercicios abdominales y toque de dedos de los pies\nTambién puede reducir su riesgo de romperse un hueso al prevenir caídas.\n¿Cómo se puede prevenir la osteoporosis?\nPara ayudar a mantener los huesos sanos y ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis, lo mejor que puede hacer es comer una dieta saludable rica en calcio y vitamina D. También puede ayudar hacer actividad física regular, limitar el consumo de alcohol y no fumar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0295","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Osteoporosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0393","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-bone-density-and-structure-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-bone-density-and-structure-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M85","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other bone density and structure disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte tulburări ale densității și structurii osoase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في كثافة العظام وبنيتها","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy hustoty a struktury kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Veränderungen der Knochendichte und -struktur","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές οστικής πυκνότητας και δομής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos de la densidad y estructura ósea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres anomalies de la densité et de la structure osseuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हड्डी के घनत्व और संरचना के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A csontsűrűség és -szerkezet egyéb zavarai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi della densità e struttura ossea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の骨密度・骨構造の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 골밀도 및 골구조 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne zaburzenia gęstości i struktury kości","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da densidade e estrutura óssea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие нарушения плотности и структуры костей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy hustoty a štruktúry kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer kemik yoğunluğu ve yapısı bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші порушення щільності та структури кісток","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他骨密度和骨结构疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bone Density","text":"What is bone density?\nYour bones are made of living tissue. To keep them strong, your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. But when more bone is broken down than replaced, you lose bone density, also called bone mass. Bone density is a measure of the amount of calcium and other minerals in bone. Bones containing more minerals are denser. They tend to be stronger and less likely to fracture (break).\nLosing bone density can weaken your bones. In some cases, it can lead to osteoporosis. This is a disease which can make your bones more likely to break. Low bone density that is not low enough to be osteoporosis is sometimes called osteopenia.\nWhat can make you lose bone density?\nYour bones become less dense as you age. Other factors can also make you more likely to lose bone mass, such as:\n• A family history of osteoporosis or low bone mass\n• Not developing good bone mass when you are young\n• Having certain medical conditions, such as:\n• Endocrine diseases\n• Certain digestive diseases\n• Rheumatoid arthritis\n• Certain types of cancer\n• HIV\n• Anorexia nervosa, a type of eating disorder\n• Taking certain medicines, such as:\n• Corticosteroids\n• Proton pump inhibitors (which treat GERD)\n• Medicines to treat epilepsy\n• Smoking tobacco\n• Long-term heavy alcohol use\n• Physical inactivity or prolonged periods of bedrest\nNot everyone who has low bone mass gets osteoporosis, but they are at higher risk for developing it.\nIs there a test to measure your bone health?\nA bone density scan is the best way to measure your bone health. It compares your bone density, or mass, to that of a healthy person who is the same age and sex as you are. It can show:\n• Whether you have low bone density\n• Whether you have osteoporosis, a disease that makes your bones weak\n• Your risk for breaking bones\n• Whether your osteoporosis treatment is working\nHow can I keep my bones strong?\nTo help keep your bones strong and help prevent osteoporosis, the best thing to do is to eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. Getting regular physical activity, limiting alcohol, and not smoking can also help. In some cases, your health care provider may prescribe medicines to prevent osteoporosis.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Densidad ósea","text":"¿Qué es densidad ósea?\nSus huesos están hechos de tejido viviente. Para mantenerlos fuertes, su cuerpo descompone huesos viejos y los reemplaza con nuevos. Pero cuando se descompone más hueso del que se reemplaza, usted pierde densidad ósea, también llamada masa ósea. La densidad ósea es una medida de la cantidad de calcio y otros minerales en el hueso. Los huesos que contienen más minerales son más densos. También suelen ser más fuertes y menos propensos a fracturarse (romperse).\nLa pérdida de densidad ósea puede debilitar sus huesos. En algunos casos, puede provocar osteoporosis. Ésta es una afección que puede hacer que sus huesos sean más propensos a romperse. La densidad ósea baja que no es lo suficientemente baja para ser osteoporosis en ocasiones se le llama osteopenia.\n¿Qué puede provocar la pérdida de densidad ósea?\nSus huesos se tornan menos densos al envejecer. Otros factores pueden provocar que pierda masa ósea como:\n• Un historial familiar de osteoporosis o masa ósea baja\n• No desarrollar una buena masa ósea cuando es joven\n• Ciertas afecciones como:\n• Enfermedades del sistema endocrino\n• Ciertas enfermedades del sistema digestivo\n• Artritis reumatoide\n• Ciertos tipos de cáncer\n• VIH\n• Anorexia nervosa, un tipo de trastorno alimenticio\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos como:\n• Corticoides\n• Inhibidores de bomba de protones (los cuales se utilizan para tratar la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico GERD)\n• Medicamentos para tratar epilepsia\n• Ciertos factores de estilo de vida incluyendo:\n• Fumar\n• Consumo prolongado de alcohol\n• Inactividad física o periodos prolongados de reposo en cama\nNo todas las personas que tienen masa ósea baja desarrollan osteoporosis, sin embargo, tienen un riesgo más elevado de desarrollarla.\n¿Hay una prueba para medir la salud de los huesos?\nUna densitometría ósea es la mejor manera de medir la salud de sus huesos. Compara su densidad o masa ósea con la de una persona sana de la misma edad y sexo que usted. Puede mostrar:\n• Si tiene densidad ósea baja\n• Si usted tiene osteoporosis, una afección que hace que sus huesos se vuelvan débiles\n• Su riesgo de fractura de huesos\n• Si su tratamiento de osteoporosis está funcionando\n¿Cómo puedo mantener mis huesos sanos?\nPara ayudar a mantener sus huesos sanos y ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis, lo mejor que puede hacer es comer una dieta sana rica en calcio y vitamina D. Ejercitarse regularmente, limitar el alcohol y no fumar también pueden ayudar. En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para prevenir la osteoporosis.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0394","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bone-infections","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bone-infections","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M86","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FB84.Z","display":"Osteomyelitis or osteitis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2058491071/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2058491071/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bone Infections","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infecciones de los huesos","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Osteomielită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب العظم والنقي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Osteomyelitida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Knochenmarkentzündung (Osteomyelitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οστεομυελίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ostéomyélite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऑस्टियोमाइलाइटिस (हड्डी का संक्रमण)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Csontvelőgyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Osteomielite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨髄炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골수염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie kości i szpiku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Osteomielite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Остеомиелит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Osteomyelitída","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Osteomiyelit (kemik iltihabı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Остеомієліт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"骨髓炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bone Infections","text":"Like other parts of the body, bones can get infected. The infections are usually bacterial, but can also be fungal. They may spread to the bone from nearby skin or muscles, or from another part of the body through the bloodstream. People who are at risk for bone infections include those with diabetes, poor circulation, or recent injury to the bone. You may also be at risk if you are having hemodialysis.\nSymptoms of bone infections include:\n• Pain in the infected area\n• Chills and fever\n• Swelling, warmth, and redness\nA blood test or imaging test such as an x-ray can tell if you have a bone infection. Treatment includes antibiotics and often surgery.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infecciones de los huesos","text":"Como otras partes del cuerpo, los huesos pueden infectarse. Las infecciones son generalmente causadas por bacterias (bacterianas) pero también pueden ser causadas por hongos. Pueden extenderse al hueso desde la piel cercana, los músculos de alrededor o a través del torrente sanguíneo. Las personas con mayor riesgo de infecciones óseas son las que padecen de diabetes, mala circulación o una lesión reciente en el hueso. También las personas que son tratadas con hemodiálisis.\nLos síntomas de una infección en un hueso incluyen:\n• Dolor en el área infectada\n• Escalofríos y fiebre\n• Hinchazón, calor y enrojecimiento del área infectada\nUn examen de sangre o un diagnóstico por imágenes (como rayos X) pueden develar una infección en un hueso. El tratamiento incluye antibióticos y muchas veces, cirugía.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0395","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"osteonecrosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/osteonecrosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M87","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"FB81.Z","display":"Osteonecrosis, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/536467755/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#536467755/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Osteonecrosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Osteonecrosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Osteonecroză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نخر العظم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Osteonekróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Knochennekrose (Osteonekrose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οστεονέκρωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ostéonécrose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ऑस्टियोनेक्रोसिस (हड्डी का नष्ट होना)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Csontelhalás (osteonecrosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Osteonecrosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨壊死","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골괴사","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Martwica kości","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Osteonecrose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Остеонекроз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Osteonekróza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Osteonekroz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Остеонекроз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"骨坏死","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aseptic necrosis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Avascular necrosis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ischemic necrosis"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Osteonecrosis","text":"Osteonecrosis is a disease caused by reduced blood flow to bones in the joints. In people with healthy bones, new bone is always replacing old bone. In osteonecrosis, the lack of blood causes the bone to break down faster than the body can make enough new bone. The bone starts to die and may break down.\nYou can have osteonecrosis in one or several bones. It is most common in the upper leg. Other common sites are your upper arm and your knees, shoulders and ankles. The disease can affect men and women of any age, but it usually strikes in your thirties, forties or fifties.\nAt first, you might not have any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, you will probably have joint pain that becomes more severe. You may not be able to bend or move the affected joint very well.\nNo one is sure what causes the disease. Risk factors include :\n• Long-term steroid treatment\n• Alcohol misuse\n• Joint injuries\n• Having certain diseases, including arthritis and cancer\nDoctors use imaging tests and other tests to diagnose osteonecrosis. Treatments include medicines, using crutches, limiting activities that put weight on the affected joints, electrical stimulation and surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/osteonecrosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Osteonecrosis","text":"La osteonecrosis es una enfermedad causada por la disminución del flujo sanguíneo en los huesos de las articulaciones. Por lo general, en las personas con huesos sanos, estos se regeneran constantemente. En la osteonecrosis, la falta de flujo de la sangre hace que el hueso se deteriore más rápido que lo que el cuerpo puede producirlo.\nSe puede tener osteonecrosis en uno o varios huesos. Es más común en la parte superior de la pierna. Otros sitios comunes son el brazo, las rodillas, los hombros y los tobillos. La enfermedad puede afectar a hombres y mujeres de cualquier edad, pero suele atacar a personas entre los treinta y los cincuenta años.\nAl comienzo, es posible que no haya síntomas. A medida que la enfermedad avanza el dolor de las articulaciones empeora. Es probable que la persona no pueda mover o doblar la articulación normalmente.\nNo se conoce con seguridad la causa de la enfermedad. Entre los factores de riesgo se incluyen:\n• Tratamiento con esteroides a largo plazo\n• Uso indebido del alcohol\n• Lesiones articulares\n• Ciertas enfermedades, como artritis y cáncer\nLos doctores usan exámenes de imágenes y otras pruebas para diagnosticar la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, uso de muletas, limitación de actividades que ponen peso en las articulaciones afectadas, estimulación eléctrica y cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteonecrosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0396","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"paget-s-disease-of-bone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/paget-s-disease-of-bone","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M88","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Paget's Disease of Bone","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boala Paget a osului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داء باجيت العظمي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pagetova nemoc kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Morbus Paget (Ostitis deformans)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νόσος Paget των οστών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie osseuse de Paget","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हड्डी का पैजेट रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Paget-kór (csont)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia ossea di Paget","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨パジェット病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"파제트병(골)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choroba Pageta kości","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença óssea de Paget","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезнь Педжета костей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pagetova choroba kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kemiğin Paget hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хвороба Педжета кісток","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"骨佩吉特病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Osteitis deformans"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Paget's Disease of Bone","text":"What is Paget's disease of bone?\nPaget's disease of bone is a chronic bone disorder. Normally, there is a process in which your bones break down and then regrow. In Paget's disease, this process is abnormal. There is excessive breakdown and regrowth of bone. Because the bones regrow too quickly, they are bigger and softer than normal. They may be misshapen and easily fractured (broken). Paget's usually affects just one or a few bones.\nWhat causes Paget's disease of bone?\nResearchers do not know for sure what causes Paget's disease. Environmental factors may play a role. In some cases, the disease runs in families, and several genes have been linked to the disease.\nWho is at risk for Paget's disease of bone?\nThe disease is more common in older people and those of northern European heritage. If you have a close relative who has Paget's, you are much more likely to have it.\nWhat are the symptoms of Paget's disease of bone?\nMany people do not know that they have Paget's, because it often has no symptoms. When there are symptoms, they are similar to those of arthritis and other disorders. The symptoms include:\n• Pain, which may be due to the disease or to arthritis, which can be a complication of Paget's\n• Headaches and hearing loss, which can happen when Paget's disease affects the skull\n• Pressure on the nerves, which can happen when Paget's disease affects the skull or spine\n• Increased head size, bowing of a limb, or curvature of the spine. This can happen in advanced cases.\n• Hip pain, if Paget's disease affects the pelvis or thighbone\n• Damage to the cartilage of your joints, which may lead to arthritis\nUsually, Paget's disease gets worse slowly over time. It does not spread to normal bones.\nWhat other problems can Paget's disease of bone cause?\nPaget's disease can lead to other complications, such as:\n• Arthritis, because the misshapen bones can cause increased pressure and more wear and tear on the joints\n• Heart failure. In severe Paget's disease, the heart has to work harder to pump blood to affected bones. Heart failure is more likely if you also have hardening of the arteries.\n• Kidney stones, which can happen when the excessive breakdown of the bone leads to extra calcium in the body\n• Nervous system problems, since the bones can cause pressure on the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. There may also be reduced blood flow to the brain and spinal cord.\n• Osteosarcoma, cancer of the bone\n• Loose teeth, if Paget's disease affects the facial bones\n• Vision loss, if Paget's disease in the skull affects the nerves. This is rare.\nHow is Paget's disease of bone diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms\n• A physical exam\n• An x-ray of the affected bones. Paget's disease is almost always diagnosed using x-rays.\n• An alkaline phosphatase blood test\n• A bone scan\nSometimes the disease is found by accident when one of these tests is done for another reason.\nWhat are the treatments for Paget's disease of bone?\nTo avoid complications, it is important to find and treat Paget's disease early. The treatments include:\n• Medicines. There are several different medicines to treat Paget's disease. The most common type is bisphosphonates. They help reduce bone pain and stop or slow down the progress of the disease.\n• Surgery is sometimes needed for certain complications of the disease. There are surgeries to\n• Allow fractures (broken bones) to heal in a better position\n• Replace joints such as the knee and hip when there is severe arthritis\n• Realign a deformed bone to reduce the pain in weight-bearing joints, especially the knees\n• Reduce pressure on a nerve, if enlargement of the skull or spine injuries effects the nervous system\nDiet and exercise do not treat Paget's, but they can help to keep your skeleton healthy. If you do not have kidney stones, you should make sure to get enough calcium and vitamin D through your diet and supplements. Besides keeping your skeleton healthy, exercise can prevent weight gain and maintain the mobility of your joints. Talk with your health care provider before you start a new exercise program. You need to make sure that the exercise does not put too much stress on the affected bones.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso","text":"¿Qué es la enfermedad de Paget en el hueso?\nLa enfermedad de Paget en el hueso, también conocida como enfermedad ósea de Paget, es un trastorno óseo crónico.\nNormalmente, hay un proceso en el cual los huesos se descomponen y luego vuelven a crecer. En la enfermedad de Paget, este proceso es anormal. Hay una descomposición excesiva y un nuevo crecimiento óseo. Debido a que los huesos vuelven a crecer demasiado rápido, son más grandes y más suaves de lo normal. Pueden sufrir deformaciones y quebrarse fácilmente (fracturas). En general, la enfermedad de Paget afecta solo uno o pocos huesos.\n¿Qué causa la enfermedad ósea de Paget?\nLos investigadores no saben con certeza qué causa la enfermedad de Paget. Los factores ambientales pueden desempeñar un papel. En algunos casos, se presenta en familias y se han relacionado varios genes con la enfermedad.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de la enfermedad ósea de Paget?\nLa afección es más común en personas mayores y quienes tienen ascendencia del norte de Europa. Si tiene un pariente cercano con Paget, es mucho más probable que la tenga.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad ósea de Paget?\nMuchas personas no saben que tienen Paget, porque a menudo no presenta síntomas. Cuando hay síntomas, son similares a los de la artritisy otros trastornos. Estos incluyen:\n• Dolor: Puede deberse al Paget o a la artritis, una complicación de la afección\n• Dolor de cabeza y pérdida de audición: Puede ocurrir cuando la enfermedad de Paget afecta el cráneo\n• Presión sobre los nervios: Puede ocurrir cuando la enfermedad de Paget afecta el cráneo o la columna vertebral\n• Aumento del tamaño de la cabeza, deformidad de una extremidad o curvatura de la columna: Esto puede suceder en casos avanzados\n• Dolor en la cadera: Ocurre si afecta la pelvis o el fémur\n• Daño en el cartílago de las articulaciones, lo que puede provocar artritis\nEn general, la enfermedad de Paget empeora lentamente con el tiempo. No se propaga a los huesos normales.\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad ósea de Paget?\nLa enfermedad de Paget puede provocar otras complicaciones, como:\n• Artritis: Debido a que los huesos deformados pueden causar un aumento de la presión y un mayor desgaste de las articulaciones\n• Insuficiencia cardíaca: En la enfermedad grave de Paget, el corazón tiene que trabajar más para bombear sangre a los huesos afectados. La insuficiencia cardíaca es más probable si también tiene endurecimiento de las arterias\n• Cálculos renales: Pueden ocurrir cuando la descomposición excesiva del hueso produce un exceso de calcio en el cuerpo\n• Problemas del sistema nervioso: Debido a que los huesos pueden causar presión en el cerebro, la médula espinal o los nervios. También puede haber un menor flujo sanguíneo al cerebro y la médula espinal\n• Osteosarcoma (cáncer de hueso)\n• Dientes sueltos: Ocurre si la enfermedad de Paget afecta los huesos de la cara\n• Pérdida de la visión: Complicación poco común. Ocurre si la enfermedad de Paget en el cráneo afecta los nervios\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad ósea de Paget?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:\n• Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas\n• Un examen físico\n• Radiografía de los huesos afectados. La enfermedad de Paget casi siempre se diagnostica con rayos X\n• Análisis de sangre con fosfatasa alcalina\n• Gammagrafía ósea\nA veces, la enfermedad se detecta por accidente cuando una de estas pruebas se realiza por otro motivo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad ósea de Paget?\nPara evitar complicaciones, es importante encontrar y tratar la enfermedad de Paget temprano. Los tratamientos incluyen:\n• Medicamentos: Existen varios medicamentos diferentes para tratar la enfermedad de Paget. El tipo más común son los bisfosfonatos. Ayudan a reducir el dolor óseo y detienen o hacen más lento el progreso de la enfermedad\n• Cirugía: A veces es necesaria para ciertas complicaciones de la enfermedad. Hay operaciones para:\n• Permitir que las fracturas (huesos rotos) sanen en una mejor posición\n• Reemplazar articulaciones como la rodilla y la cadera cuando hay artritis severa\n• Realinear un hueso deformado para reducir el dolor en las articulaciones que soportan peso, especialmente las rodillas\n• Reducir la presión sobre un nervio si el agrandamiento del cráneo o las lesiones de la columna afectan el sistema nervioso\nSi bien la dieta y el ejercicio no tratan la enfermedad de Paget, pueden ayudar a mantener los huesos saludables. Si no tiene cálculos renales, debe asegurarse de obtener suficiente calcio y vitamina D a través de su dieta y suplementos. Además de mantener huesos sanos, el ejercicio puede prevenir el aumento de peso y mantener la movilidad de sus articulaciones. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de comenzar un nuevo programa de ejercicios. Debe asegurarse de que la actividad física no ejerza demasiada presión sobre los huesos afectados.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0371","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Osteitis Deformans — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0397","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-cartilage-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-cartilage-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M94","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other cartilage disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale cartilajului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في الغضروف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné poruchy chrupavky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Knorpelkrankheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές του χόνδρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos del cartílago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections du cartilage","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उपास्थि के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A porc egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi della cartilagine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の軟骨の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 연골 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby chrząstki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da cartilagem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни хряща","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poruchy chrupky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer kıkırdak bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби хряща","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他软骨疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cartilage Disorders","text":"Cartilage is the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. It also gives shape and support to other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose and windpipe. Healthy cartilage helps you move by allowing your bones to glide over each other. It also protects bones by preventing them from rubbing against each other.\nInjured, inflamed, or damaged cartilage can cause symptoms such as pain and limited movement. It can also lead to joint damage and deformity. Causes of cartilage problems include :\n• Tears and injuries, such as sports injuries\n• Genetic factors\n• Other disorders, such as some types of arthritis\nOsteoarthritis results from breakdown of cartilage.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cartilagedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del cartílago","text":"El cartílago es el tejido firme, pero flexible, que cubre los extremos de los huesos en una articulación. También da forma y apoyo a otras partes del cuerpo, tales como a las orejas, la nariz y la tráquea. El cartílago sano ayuda a moverse al permitir que los huesos se deslicen por encima de los otros. También protege a los huesos impidiendo que se froten entre sí.\nEl cartílago lesionado, inflamado o dañado puede causar síntomas como dolor y limitación del movimiento. También puede conducir a daños articulares y deformidad. Entre las causas de problemas en los cartílagos se encuentran:\n• Rupturas y lesiones, como en las lesiones causadas por los deportes\n• Factores genéticos\n• Otras enfermedades, tales como algunos tipos de artritis\nLa osteoartritis resulta de la degradación del cartílago.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cartilagedisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0398","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"recurrent-and-persistent-blood-in-the-urine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/recurrent-and-persistent-blood-in-the-urine","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N02","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GB4Y","display":"Other specified glomerular diseases","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/658360080/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#658360080/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Recurrent and persistent blood in the urine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hematurie recurentă și persistentă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بيلة دموية متكررة ومستمرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Recidivující a přetrvávající hematurie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rezidivierende und persistierende Hämaturie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υποτροπιάζουσα και επίμονη αιματουρία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hematuria recurrente y persistente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hématurie récidivante et persistante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बार-बार और लगातार पेशाब में खून","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Visszatérő és tartós véres vizelet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ematuria ricorrente e persistente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"反復性・持続性血尿","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"재발성 및 지속성 혈뇨","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nawracający i uporczywy krwiomocz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hematúria recorrente e persistente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рецидивирующая и стойкая гематурия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Recidivujúca a pretrvávajúca hematúria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tekrarlayan ve kalıcı idrarda kan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рецидивна та стійка гематурія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"复发性和持续性血尿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Urine and Urination","text":"Your kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from your blood. The waste is called urea. Your blood carries it to the kidneys. From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until you are ready to urinate. It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty. If your urinary system is healthy, your bladder can hold up to 16 ounces (2 cups) of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.\nYou may have problems with urination if you have:\n• Kidney failure\n• Urinary tract infections\n• An enlarged prostate\n• Bladder control problems like incontinence, overactive bladder, or interstitial cystitis\n• A blockage that prevents you from emptying your bladder\nSome conditions may also cause you to have blood or protein in your urine. If you have a urinary problem, see your health care provider. Urinalysis and other urine tests can help to diagnose the problem. Treatment depends on the cause.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Orina y micción","text":"Sus riñones producen orina al filtrar desechos y exceso de agua de la sangre. Al desecho se le llama urea. La sangre la transporta hasta los riñones. Desde los riñones, la orina llega a la vejiga por dos tubos delgados llamados uréteres. La vejiga almacena la orina hasta que usted siente ganas de ir al baño. La vejiga se expande cuando está llena y se hace más pequeña cuando está vacía. Si su sistema urinario funciona normalmente, su vejiga puede almacenar hasta 16 onzas (177cc o dos tazas) de orina cómodamente por entre dos a cinco horas.\nUsted puede tener problemas para orinar si sufre de:\n• Insuficiencia renal\n• Infecciones del tracto urinario\n• Agrandamiento de la próstata\n• Problemas del control de la vejiga como incontinencia, vejiga hiperactiva o cistitis intersticial\n• Una obstrucción que no le permite vaciar su vejiga\nAlgunas afecciones pueden causar que su orina contenga sangre o proteína. Si usted tiene un problema urinario, acuda a su proveedor de cuidados de salud. El análisis de orina y otras pruebas pueden ayudar a diagnosticar el problema. El tratamiento depende de la causa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0399","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"acute-kidney-failure","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/acute-kidney-failure","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N17","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GB6Z","display":"Kidney failure, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/761526554/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#761526554/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute kidney failure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiență renală acută","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفشل الكلوي الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Akutní selhání ledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akutes Nierenversagen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία νεφρική ανεπάρκεια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiencia renal aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuffisance rénale aiguë","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र गुर्दे की विफलता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut veseelégtelenség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insufficienza renale acuta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性腎不全","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 신부전","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostra niewydolność nerek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiência renal aguda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острая почечная недостаточность","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútne zlyhanie obličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut böbrek yetmezliği","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гостра ниркова недостатність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急性肾衰竭","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Failure","text":"Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid, minerals, and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. But if the kidneys are damaged, they don't work properly. Harmful wastes can build up in your body. Your blood pressure may rise. Your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney failure.\nIf your kidneys fail, you need treatment to replace the work they normally do. The treatment options are dialysis or a kidney transplant. Each treatment has benefits and drawbacks. No matter which treatment you choose, you'll need to make some changes in your life, including how you eat and plan your activities. But with the help of health care providers, family, and friends, most people with kidney failure can lead full and active lives.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Insuficiencia renal","text":"Los riñones sanos limpian la sangre eliminando el exceso de líquido, minerales y desechos. También producen hormonas que mantienen sus huesos fuertes y su sangre sana. Pero si los riñones están lesionados, no funcionan correctamente. Pueden acumularse desechos peligrosos en el organismo. Puede elevarse la presión arterial. Su cuerpo puede retener el exceso de líquidos y no producir suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama insuficiencia renal.\nSi los riñones fallan, necesitará tratamiento para reemplazar las funciones que hacen normalmente. Las opciones de tratamiento son diálisis o un trasplante renal. Cada tratamiento tiene sus beneficios y desventajas. Independientemente del tratamiento que escoja, deberá hacerle algunos cambios a su estilo de vida, incluyendo el tipo de alimentación y planificar sus actividades. Pero, con la ayuda de los profesionales de la salud, la familia y los amigos, la mayoría de las personas con insuficiencia renal puede llevar una vida plena y activa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0400","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"chronic-kidney-disease-stage-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/chronic-kidney-disease-stage-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N18","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GB61.Z","display":"Chronic kidney disease, stage unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/412389819/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#412389819/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală cronică de rinichi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض الكلى المزمن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chronické onemocnění ledvin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Chronische Nierenkrankheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χρόνια νεφρική νόσος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad renal crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie rénale chronique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दीर्घकालिक गुर्दा रोग","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Krónikus vesebetegség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia renale cronica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"慢性腎臓病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"만성 신장병","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przewlekła choroba nerek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença renal crónica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хроническая болезнь почек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chronické ochorenie obličiek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kronik böbrek hastalığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хронічна хвороба нирок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"慢性肾脏病","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chronic kidney disease","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chronic Kidney Disease","text":"You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. They also keep the body's chemicals balanced, help control blood pressure, and make hormones.\nChronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.\nThe kidney damage occurs slowly over many years. Many people don't have any symptoms until their kidney disease is very advanced. Blood and urine tests are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.\nTreatments cannot cure kidney disease, but they may slow kidney disease. They include medicines to lower blood pressure, control blood sugar, and lower cholesterol. CKD may still get worse over time. Sometimes it can lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, you will need dialysis or a kidney transplantation.\nYou can take steps to keep your kidneys healthier longer:\n• Choose foods with less salt (sodium)\n• Control your blood pressure; your health care provider can tell you what your blood pressure should be\n• Keep your blood sugar in the target range, if you have diabetes\n• Limit the amount of alcohol you drink\n• Choose foods that are healthy for your heart: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods\n• Lose weight if you are overweight\n• Be physically active\n• Don't smoke\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedad renal crónica","text":"Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Su función principal es filtrar su sangre. Ellos eliminan el desecho y el exceso de agua, lo que se vuelve orina. También mantienen el equilibrio químico del cuerpo, ayudan a controlar la presión arterial y a producir hormonas.\nLa enfermedad renal crónica significa que sus riñones están dañados y no pueden filtrar la sangre como deberían. Este daño puede ocasionar que los desechos se acumulen en su cuerpo y causen otros problemas que podrían perjudicar su salud. La diabetes y la hipertensión arterial son las causas más comunes de enfermedad renal crónica.\nEl daño renal se produce lentamente durante muchos años. Muchas personas no tienen ningún síntoma hasta que la enfermedad renal está muy avanzada. Los análisis de sangre y orina son la única manera de saber si usted tiene enfermedad renal.\nLos tratamientos no pueden curar la enfermedad renal, pero pueden retrasarla. Incluyen medicamentos para reducir la presión arterial, controlar el azúcar en la sangre y reducir el colesterol. La enfermedad renal crónica aún puede empeorar con el tiempo. A veces puede conducir a insuficiencia renal. Si sus riñones fallan, necesitará diálisis o un trasplante de riñón.\nUsted puede tomar estas medidas para mantener sus riñones sanos por más tiempo:\n• Elija alimentos con menos sal (sodio)\n• Controle su presión arterial. Su proveedor de salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su presión arterial\n• Si tiene diabetes, mantenga su nivel de azúcar en la sangre bajo control\n• Limite la cantidad de alcohol que bebe\n• Elija alimentos que sean saludables para su corazón: Frutas, verduras, granos integrales y productos lácteos bajos en grasa\n• Si tiene sobrepeso, baje de peso\n• Manténgase físicamente activo\n• No fume\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0401","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"kidney-failure-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/kidney-failure-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N19","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Kidney failure (not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiență renală (nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفشل الكلوي (غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Selhání ledvin (neurčené)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Niereninsuffizienz (nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νεφρική ανεπάρκεια (μη καθορισμένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiencia renal (no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuffisance rénale (sans précision)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुर्दे की विफलता (अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Veseelégtelenség (nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insufficienza renale (non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腎不全（詳細不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신부전(상세불명)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niewydolność nerek (nieokreślona)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insuficiência renal (não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Почечная недостаточность (неуточнённая)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zlyhanie obličiek (neurčené)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Böbrek yetmezliği (belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ниркова недостатність (неуточнена)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾衰竭（未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Failure","text":"Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid, minerals, and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. But if the kidneys are damaged, they don't work properly. Harmful wastes can build up in your body. Your blood pressure may rise. Your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney failure.\nIf your kidneys fail, you need treatment to replace the work they normally do. The treatment options are dialysis or a kidney transplant. Each treatment has benefits and drawbacks. No matter which treatment you choose, you'll need to make some changes in your life, including how you eat and plan your activities. But with the help of health care providers, family, and friends, most people with kidney failure can lead full and active lives.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Insuficiencia renal","text":"Los riñones sanos limpian la sangre eliminando el exceso de líquido, minerales y desechos. También producen hormonas que mantienen sus huesos fuertes y su sangre sana. Pero si los riñones están lesionados, no funcionan correctamente. Pueden acumularse desechos peligrosos en el organismo. Puede elevarse la presión arterial. Su cuerpo puede retener el exceso de líquidos y no producir suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama insuficiencia renal.\nSi los riñones fallan, necesitará tratamiento para reemplazar las funciones que hacen normalmente. Las opciones de tratamiento son diálisis o un trasplante renal. Cada tratamiento tiene sus beneficios y desventajas. Independientemente del tratamiento que escoja, deberá hacerle algunos cambios a su estilo de vida, incluyendo el tipo de alimentación y planificar sus actividades. Pero, con la ayuda de los profesionales de la salud, la familia y los amigos, la mayoría de las personas con insuficiencia renal puede llevar una vida plena y activa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0402","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"kidney-and-ureter-stones","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/kidney-and-ureter-stones","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N20","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GB70.Z","display":"Calculus of upper urinary tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/295907514/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#295907514/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Kidney and ureter stones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Calculi renali și ureterali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حصوات الكلى والحالب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ledvinové a močovodové kameny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nieren- und Harnleitersteine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λίθοι νεφρού και ουρητήρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cálculos renales y ureterales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Calculs du rein et de l'uretère","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुर्दे और मूत्रवाहिनी की पथरी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vese- és húgyvezetékkő","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Calcoli renali e ureterali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腎結石・尿管結石","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신장 및 요관 결석","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kamica nerkowa i moczowodowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cálculos renais e ureterais","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Камни почек и мочеточника","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Obličkové a močovodové kamene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Böbrek ve üreter taşları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Камені нирок і сечоводу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾和输尿管结石","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Stones","text":"A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not go away. It may get stuck in the urinary tract, block the flow of urine and cause great pain.\nThe following may be signs of kidney stones that need a doctor's help:\n• Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away\n• Blood in your urine\n• Fever and chills\n• Vomiting\n• Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy\n• A burning feeling when you urinate\nYour doctor will diagnose a kidney stone with urine, blood, and imaging tests.\nIf you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment. It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Piedras en los riñones","text":"Una piedra o un cálculo renal es una pieza sólida de material que se forma en el riñón debido a sustancias presentes en la orina. Puede ser tan pequeña como un grano de arena o tan grande como una perla. La mayoría de las piedras renales se eliminan del cuerpo sin ayuda médica. Pero algunas veces una piedra no es fácil de eliminar. Puede atorarse en las vías urinarias, bloquear el flujo de orina y causar un gran dolor.\nLos siguientes signos pueden indicar la existencia de cálculos renales que necesitan atención médica:\n• Dolor extremo en la espalda o un costado que no desaparece\n• Sangre en la orina\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Vómitos\n• Orina con mal olor o con apariencia turbia\n• Sensación de ardor al orinar\nLos doctores diagnostican las piedras en los riñones a través de análisis de orina, de sangre y de diagnósticos por imagen.\nSi una piedra no pasa por sí sola, es posible que se necesite tratamiento. Este puede ser a través de ondas de choque (un endoscopio insertado a través del tubo que lleva la orina fuera del cuerpo, llamada uretra) o con cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0403","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"renal-colic","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/renal-colic","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N23","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Renal colic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Colică renală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"المغص الكلوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ledvinová kolika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nierenkolik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νεφρικός κολικός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cólico renal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Colique néphrétique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुर्दे का दर्द (रीनल कॉलिक)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vesegörcs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colica renale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腎疝痛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신장 산통","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kolka nerkowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cólica renal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Почечная колика","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Obličková kolika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Böbrek sancısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ниркова коліка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肾绞痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Stones","text":"A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not go away. It may get stuck in the urinary tract, block the flow of urine and cause great pain.\nThe following may be signs of kidney stones that need a doctor's help:\n• Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away\n• Blood in your urine\n• Fever and chills\n• Vomiting\n• Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy\n• A burning feeling when you urinate\nYour doctor will diagnose a kidney stone with urine, blood, and imaging tests.\nIf you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment. It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Piedras en los riñones","text":"Una piedra o un cálculo renal es una pieza sólida de material que se forma en el riñón debido a sustancias presentes en la orina. Puede ser tan pequeña como un grano de arena o tan grande como una perla. La mayoría de las piedras renales se eliminan del cuerpo sin ayuda médica. Pero algunas veces una piedra no es fácil de eliminar. Puede atorarse en las vías urinarias, bloquear el flujo de orina y causar un gran dolor.\nLos siguientes signos pueden indicar la existencia de cálculos renales que necesitan atención médica:\n• Dolor extremo en la espalda o un costado que no desaparece\n• Sangre en la orina\n• Fiebre y escalofríos\n• Vómitos\n• Orina con mal olor o con apariencia turbia\n• Sensación de ardor al orinar\nLos doctores diagnostican las piedras en los riñones a través de análisis de orina, de sangre y de diagnósticos por imagen.\nSi una piedra no pasa por sí sola, es posible que se necesite tratamiento. Este puede ser a través de ondas de choque (un endoscopio insertado a través del tubo que lleva la orina fuera del cuerpo, llamada uretra) o con cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0404","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N40","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA90","display":"Hyperplasia of prostate","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/978159279","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#978159279"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hyperplasia of prostate","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hiperplazie benignă de prostată","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تضخم البروستاتا الحميد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Benigní hyperplazie prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gutartige Prostatavergrößerung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καλοήθης υπερπλασία του προστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hiperplasia benigna de próstata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बढ़ा हुआ प्रोस्टेट (सौम्य प्रोस्टेटिक हाइपरप्लासिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Jóindulatú prosztata-megnagyobbodás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipertrofia prostatica benigna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"前立腺肥大症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전립선 비대증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Łagodny rozrost prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hiperplasia benigna da próstata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Доброкачественная гиперплазия предстательной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Benígna hyperplázia prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İyi huylu prostat büyümesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Доброякісна гіперплазія передміхурової залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"良性前列腺增生","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Enlarged Prostate (BPH)","text":"What is the prostate?\nThe prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.\nWhat is an enlarged prostate (BPH)?\nAn enlarged prostate is when your prostate gland becomes larger than normal. It's also called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH for short. Benign means not cancer. And hyperplasia means too much cell growth. BPH isn't cancer and it doesn't increase your risk of getting prostate cancer.\nUsually, the prostate gland continues to grow during adult life. That's why BPH is the most common prostate condition in people over age 50. As the prostate gets bigger, it may press against the bladder and pinch the urethra. This can slow or block the flow of urine out of your bladder.\nOver time, the bladder muscle may become weak from trying to pass urine through a narrow urethra. When this happens, your bladder may not empty completely when you urinate. A narrowed urethra and weak bladder cause many of the urinary problems you may have with BPH.\nWhat causes an enlarged prostate (BPH)?\nResearchers aren't sure why the prostate keeps growing. Some researchers think changes in hormones with aging may cause the prostate to get bigger.\nWho is more likely to develop BPH?\nYou're more likely to develop BPH if you:\n• Are age 40 or older. The chance of getting BPH increases as you get older.\n• Have family members who have had BPH.\n• Have certain health conditions such as:\n• Obesity.\n• Heart disease and problems with blood circulation.\n• Type 2 diabetes.\n• Erectile dysfunction.\n• Don't get enough physical activity.\nWhat are the symptoms of BPH?\nSymptoms of BPH include:\n• Having a frequent or urgent need to urinate\n• Waking up many times to urinate\n• Having problems with urine flow, such as:\n• Trouble starting to urinate\n• A stream that's weak, slow, or stops and starts\n• Dribbling after urination\n• Urinary incontinence\n• Feeling that you can't completely empty your bladder\n• Pain after ejaculation or during urination\n• Urine with an unusual color or smell\nIt's important to see your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms because they could be from a more serious health problem.\nYou should get medical help right away if you:\n• Can't urinate at all\n• Have fever and chills with urination that's painful, frequent, and urgent\n• Have blood in your urine\n• Have pain in your lower abdomen (belly) and urinary tract\nWhat other problems can BPH cause?\nFor most people, BPH doesn't cause other problems. But BPH increases your chance of developing serious conditions, including:\n• Acute urinary retention. With this condition, you suddenly can't urinate at all. This a medical emergency. Acute urinary retention is common in older males and the chance of having it increases with age. It may be triggered by:\n• Taking certain over-the-counter cold or allergy medicines\n• Drinking alcohol\n• Cold temperatures\n• Not moving enough over a long period of time\n• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)\n• Bladder damage and bladder stones\n• Kidney damage\nHow is BPH diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have BPH, your provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history. Be sure to tell your provider about all the medicines you take, because certain medicines can make BPH symptoms worse.\n• Ask about your family health history.\n• Examine you. The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to check if your prostate is large, tender, or irregular in any other way.\n• Order medical tests, if needed, such as:\n• Urine tests.\n• A PSA blood test (prostate-specific antigen test).\n• Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.\n• Cystoscopy to look inside your urethra and bladder.\n• Ultrasound pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.\n• A prostate biopsy to diagnose or rule out prostate cancer.\nWhat are the treatments for BPH?\nNot everyone needs treatment for BPH. Treatment options depend on how much your symptoms bother you, your health, age, and the size of your prostate:\n• Lifestyle changes may improve mild symptoms. They include:\n• Drinking less before bedtime or going out\n• Avoiding or cutting back on beverages with caffeine and alcohol\n• Bladder training and exercising the muscles that control urine flow\n• Preventing or treating constipation\n• Medicines can help mild to moderate symptoms by:\n• Stopping the prostate from growing\n• Shrinking the prostate\n• Relaxing muscles to improve urine flow\nSometimes combining 2 types of medicine helps more than taking just one type of medicine.\n• Medical procedures can help improve moderate to severe BPH symptoms when medicines don't help enough. There are several different types of procedures. They all use an instrument inserted into the urethra to either:\n• Widen the urethra\n• Destroy part of the prostate with heat\n• Surgery may be helpful when symptoms are severe, other treatments haven't helped, or you have another problem, such as bladder damage. Different types of surgery are used to:\n• Remove part or all of the prostate\n• Make cuts in the prostate to take pressure off the urethra\nMost BPH surgery is done with tools inserted into the urethra.\nYour provider can explain the possible benefits and side effects of your treatment options so you can decide what's best for you.\nCan BPH be prevented?\nResearchers haven't found ways to prevent BPH. You can take care of your prostate health by:\n• Talking with your provider about your risk for developing an enlarged prostate\n• Getting regular checkups\n• Paying attention to your symptoms so you can get treatment early if you see signs of BPH\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Agrandamiento de la próstata","text":"¿Qué es la próstata?\nLa próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.\n¿Qué es el agrandamiento de la próstata?\nUna próstata agrandada ocurre cuando la próstata se vuelve más grande de lo normal. También se conoce como hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) Benigno significa que no es cáncer, y la hiperplasia significa demasiado crecimiento celular. La HPB no es cáncer y no aumenta el riesgo de padecer cáncer de próstata.\nPor lo general, la glándula prostática continúa creciendo durante la vida adulta. Por esto, la HPB es la afección prostática más común en personas mayores de 50 años. A medida que la próstata crece, puede presionar la vejiga y comprimir la uretra. Esto puede hacer más lento o bloquear el flujo de orina que sale de la vejiga.\nCon el tiempo, el músculo de la vejiga puede debilitarse al tratar de orinar a través de una uretra estrecha. Cuando esto sucede, es posible que su vejiga no se vacíe por completo al orinar. Una uretra estrecha y una vejiga débil causan muchos de los problemas urinarios por HPB.\n¿Qué causa el agrandamiento de la próstata?\nLos investigadores no están seguros de por qué la próstata sigue creciendo. Algunos investigadores creen que los cambios hormonales con el envejecimiento pueden hacer que la próstata se agrande.\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar agrandamiento de la próstata?\nEs más probable que desarrolle HPB si:\n• Tiene 40 años o más. La probabilidad de tener HPB aumenta a medida que envejece\n• Tiene familiares que han tenido HPB\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como:\n• Obesidad\n• Enfermedad cardíaca y problemas circulatorios\n• Diabetes tipo 2\n• Disfunción eréctil\n• No hace suficiente ejercicio\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del agrandamiento de la próstata\nLos síntomas de la hiperplasia prostática benigna incluyen:\n• Tener una necesidad frecuente o urgente de orinar\n• Despertarse muchas veces para orinar\n• Tener problemas con el flujo de orina, como:\n• Problemas para empezar a orinar\n• Flujo de orina débil, lento o que se detiene y comienza\n• Goteo después de orinar\n• Incontinencia urinaria\n• Sentir que no puede vaciar completamente la vejiga\n• Dolor después de la eyaculación o al orinar\n• Orina con un color u olor inusual\nEs importante consultar con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas, ya que podrían deberse a un problema de salud más grave.\nDebe obtener ayuda médica de inmediato si:\n• No puede orinar en absoluto\n• Tiene fiebre y escalofríos con micción que es dolorosa, frecuente y urgente\n• Tiene sangre en la orina\n• Tiene dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen y en el tracto urinario\n¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el agrandamiento de la próstata?\nPara la mayoría de las personas, la hiperplasia prostática benigna no causa otros problemas. Pero la HPB aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar afecciones graves, incluyendo:\n• Retención urinaria aguda: En esta afección, de repente no se puede orinar en lo absoluto. Es una emergencia médica. La retención urinaria aguda es común en hombres mayores y la posibilidad de tenerla aumenta con la edad. Puede ser desencadenado por:\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos de venta libre para el resfriado o la alergia\n• Beber alcohol\n• Temperaturas frías\n• No moverse lo suficiente durante un largo período de tiempo\n• Infecciones de las vías urinarias\n• Daño y cálculos en la vejiga\n• Daño en el riñón\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el agrandamiento de la próstata?\nPara saber si tiene hiperplasia prostática benigna, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica: Asegúrese de informarle a su proveedor sobre todos los medicamentos que toma, ya que ciertas medicinas pueden empeorar los síntomas de la HPB\n• Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar\n• Examinarle: El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En un este examen, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para verificar si su próstata es grande, sensible o irregular de alguna otra manera\n• Solicitar pruebas médicas, si es necesario, como:\n• Análisis de orina\n• Una prueba de antígeno prostático específico (PSA)\n• Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina\n• Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la uretra y la vejiga\n• Imágenes de ultrasonido de su próstata y tracto urinario\n• Una biopsia de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer de próstata\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el agrandamiento de la próstata?\nNo todas las personas necesitan tratamiento para la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Las opciones de tratamiento dependen de cuánto le molesten sus síntomas, su salud, edad y el tamaño de su próstata:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida pueden mejorar los síntomas leves, incluyendo:\n• Beber menos líquidos antes de acostarse o salir\n• Evitar o reducir las bebidas con cafeína y alcohol\n• Entrenar la vejiga y ejercitar los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina\n• Prevenir o tratar el estreñimiento\n• Medicamentos pueden ayudar con los síntomas leves a moderados al:\n• Detener el crecimiento de la próstata\n• Encoger la próstata\n• Relajar los músculos para mejorar el flujo de orina\nEn ocasiones, combinar dos tipos de medicamentos ayuda más que tomar solo un tipo de medicina.\n• Los procedimientos médicos pueden ayudar a mejorar los síntomas de HPB de moderados a graves cuando los medicamentos no ayudan lo suficiente. Hay varios tipos diferentes de procedimientos. Todos usan un instrumento que se inserta en la uretra para:\n• Ensanchar la uretra\n• Destruir parte de la próstata con calor\n• La cirugía puede ser útil cuando los síntomas son graves, otros tratamientos no han ayudado o si tiene otro problema, como daño en la vejiga. Se utilizan diferentes tipos de cirugía para:\n• Quitar parte o la totalidad de la próstata\n• Hacer cortes en la próstata para aliviar la presión de la uretra\nLa mayoría de las cirugías para la HPB se realizan con herramientas que se insertan en la uretra.\nSu profesional de la salud puede explicar los posibles beneficios y efectos secundarios de sus opciones de tratamiento para que pueda decidir cuál es el mejor para usted.\n¿Se puede prevenir el agrandamiento de la próstata?\nLos investigadores no han encontrado formas de prevenir la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Puede cuidar la salud de su próstata al:\n• Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de desarrollar agrandamiento de la próstata\n• Hacerse chequeos regulares\n• Prestar atención a sus síntomas para que pueda recibir tratamiento temprano si observa signos de HPB\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0312","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Hyperplasia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0405","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"prostatitis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/prostatitis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N41","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA91.Z","display":"Inflammatory or other diseases of prostate, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1594247995/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1594247995/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Prostatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Prostatită","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب البروستاتا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Prostataentzündung (Prostatitis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Προστατίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Prostatitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prostatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रोस्टेटाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Prosztatagyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prostatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"前立腺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"전립선염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie gruczołu krokowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prostatite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Простатит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Prostatit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Простатит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"前列腺炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Prostate Diseases","text":"What is the prostate?\nThe prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.\nWhat are prostate diseases?\nThere are many types of prostate diseases:\n• Prostatitis is inflammation (swelling and pain) in the prostate gland. It's the most common type of prostate problem in people under than age 50. There are different types:\n• Chronic prostatitis is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome. It's the most common type of prostatitis.\n• Acute bacterial prostatitis starts suddenly from a bacterial infection and is treated with antibiotics. It is not common.\n• Chronic bacterial prostatitis happens when a bacterial infection keeps coming back. The symptoms usually start slowly. It may take longer to treat than acute bacterial prostatitis.\n• Asymptomatic prostatitis has no symptoms and usually doesn't need treatment. You may learn you have it after having tests for other health problems.\n• Enlarged prostate is also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The prostate gland tends to grow larger with age. That's why enlarged prostate is very common in older people and rare in those who are under age 40. When the prostate grows larger, it may press on your urethra and cause problems with urination.\n• Prostate cancer happens when cancer cells form in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in those aged 50 and older. Most prostate cancers grow slowly and may never cause health problems. But certain prostate cancers are serious.\nWho is more likely to develop prostate diseases?\nAnyone with a prostate can develop prostate problems. But some people are at higher risk.\nYou may be more likely to develop prostatitis if you have:\n• A lower urinary tract infection, also called a UTI. An infection in your lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) may lead to acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis.\n• Nerve damage in your lower urinary tract from surgery or an injury. This may lead to chronic prostatitis.\n• Emotional stress, which can lead to chronic prostatitis.\nYou may be more likely to develop an enlarged prostate (BPH) if you:\n• Are age 40 or older.\n• Have family members who have had BPH.\n• Have certain health conditions such as:\n• Obesity.\n• Heart disease and problems with blood circulation.\n• Type 2 diabetes.\n• Don't get enough physical activity.\nYou may be more likely to develop prostate cancer if you:\n• Are older than age 50.\n• Have a parent, sibling, or child who has or had prostate cancer.\n• Are African American.\nWhat are the symptoms of prostate diseases?\nThe symptoms of prostate problems include:\n• Needing to urinate a lot.\n• Needing to rush to the bathroom, but not being able to urinate or only going a little.\n• Leaking or dribbling urine.\n• Having a weak urine stream.\nOther symptoms depend on the type of prostate problem you have and may include:\n• Not being able to urinate at all. This is a medical emergency.\n• Any problems, starting or controlling urine flow.\n• Waking up often to urinate.\n• Blood in your urine or urine that has an unusual smell or color.\n• Fever, chills, or body aches.\n• Great discomfort or pain:\n• While urinating or after ejaculation.\n• In your abdomen (belly), between your scrotum and anus, or in your scrotum or penis.\nContact your provider if you have any of these symptoms.\nHow are prostate diseases diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have a prostate problem, your provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history and symptoms.\n• Ask about your family health history.\n• Do a physical exam. The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to feel the general size and condition of your prostate.\n• Order tests, if needed. Tests may include:\n• Blood and urine tests to look for infection.\n• Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.\n• Cystoscopy to look inside your urethra and bladder.\n• Ultrasound pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.\n• A PSA blood test (prostate-specific antigen test).\n• Prostate biopsy to diagnose or rule out cancer.\nTreatment depends on what prostate disease you have and which symptoms bother you most.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la próstata","text":"¿Qué es la próstata?\nLa próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.\n¿Qué son las enfermedades de la próstata?\nHay muchos tipos de enfermedades de la próstata:\n• Prostatitis: Inflamación (hinchazón y dolor) de la próstata. Es el tipo de problema de próstata más común en personas menores de 50 años. Hay diferentes tipos:\n• Prostatitis crónica: También se llama síndrome de dolor pélvico crónico. Es el tipo más común de prostatitis\n• Prostatitis bacteriana aguda: Comienza repentinamente a partir de una infección bacteriana y se trata con antibióticos. No es común\n• Prostatitis bacteriana crónica: Ocurre cuando una infección bacteriana sigue reapareciendo. Los síntomas suelen comenzar lentamente. Puede tardar más tiempo en tratarse que la prostatitis bacteriana aguda\n• Prostatitis asintomática: No presenta síntomas y, por lo general, no necesita tratamiento. Es posible que sepa que la tiene después de someterse a pruebas para detectar otros problemas de salud\n• Agrandamiento de la próstata: También se llama hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). La próstata tiende a agrandarse con la edad. Es por eso que el agrandamiento de la próstata es muy común en las personas mayores y es raro en los menores de 40 años. Cuando la próstata crece, puede presionar la uretra y causar problemas para orinar\n• Cáncer de próstata: Ocurre cuando se forman células cancerosas en la glándula prostática. El cáncer de próstata es un tipo común de cáncer en personas de 50 años o más. La mayoría de los casos crecen lentamente y es posible que nunca causen problemas de salud, pero algunos son graves\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedades de la próstata?\nCualquier persona con próstata puede tener problemas de próstata. Pero algunas personas corren un mayor riesgo.\nEs más probable que desarrolle prostatitis si tiene:\n• Una infección de las vías urinarias inferiores (vejiga y uretra), la que puede causar prostatitis bacteriana aguda o crónica\n• Daño a los nervios en el tracto urinario inferior debido a una cirugía o una lesión. Esto puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica\n• Estrés emocional, que puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica\nEs más probable que desarrolle agrandamiento de la próstata (HPB) si:\n• Tiene 40 años o más\n• Tiene familiares que han tenido hiperplasia prostática benigna\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como:\n• Obesidad\n• Enfermedad cardíaca y problemas circulatorios\n• Diabetes tipo 2\n• No hace suficiente ejercicio\nEs más probable que desarrolle cáncer de próstata si:\n• Es mayor de 50 años\n• Tiene un padre, hermano o hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata\n• Es afroamericano\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de la próstata?\nLos síntomas de los problemas de próstata incluyen:\n• Necesidad de orinar mucho\n• Necesidad de correr al baño, pero no poder orinar u orinar solo un poco\n• Filtración o goteo de orina\n• Tener un chorro de orina débil\nOtros síntomas dependen del tipo de problema de próstata que tenga y pueden incluir:\n• No poder orinar en lo absoluto. Esto es una emergencia médica\n• Cualquier problema iniciando o controlando el flujo de orina\n• Despertarse con frecuencia para orinar\n• Sangre en la orina u orina que tiene un olor o color inusual\n• Fiebre, escalofríos o dolor de cuerpo\n• Gran malestar o dolor:\n• Al orinar o después de la eyaculación\n• En su abdomen, entre su escroto y ano, o en su escroto o pene\nHable con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de la próstata?\nPara saber si tiene un problema de próstata, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar\n• Hacer un examen físico. El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En esta prueba, su proveedor inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para sentir el tamaño general y la condición de su próstata\n• Solicitar pruebas, si es necesario. Las pruebas pueden incluir:\n• Exámenes de sangre y orina para buscar infección\n• Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina\n• Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la uretra y la vejiga\n• Imágenes de ultrasonido de su próstata y tracto urinario\n• Una prueba de sangre de antígeno prostático específico (PSA)\n• Biopsia de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer\nEl tratamiento depende de la enfermedad de la próstata que tenga y de los síntomas que más le molesten.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0406","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-prostate-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-prostate-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N42","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other prostate disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni ale prostatei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى في البروستاتا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nemoci prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Krankheiten der Prostata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες διαταραχές του προστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos de la próstata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections de la prostate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रोस्टेट के अन्य विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A prosztata egyéb betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi della prostata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の前立腺の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 전립선 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne choroby gruczołu krokowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios da próstata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие болезни предстательной железы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné choroby prostaty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer prostat bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші хвороби передміхурової залози","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他前列腺疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Prostate Diseases","text":"What is the prostate?\nThe prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.\nWhat are prostate diseases?\nThere are many types of prostate diseases:\n• Prostatitis is inflammation (swelling and pain) in the prostate gland. It's the most common type of prostate problem in people under than age 50. There are different types:\n• Chronic prostatitis is also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome. It's the most common type of prostatitis.\n• Acute bacterial prostatitis starts suddenly from a bacterial infection and is treated with antibiotics. It is not common.\n• Chronic bacterial prostatitis happens when a bacterial infection keeps coming back. The symptoms usually start slowly. It may take longer to treat than acute bacterial prostatitis.\n• Asymptomatic prostatitis has no symptoms and usually doesn't need treatment. You may learn you have it after having tests for other health problems.\n• Enlarged prostate is also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The prostate gland tends to grow larger with age. That's why enlarged prostate is very common in older people and rare in those who are under age 40. When the prostate grows larger, it may press on your urethra and cause problems with urination.\n• Prostate cancer happens when cancer cells form in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in those aged 50 and older. Most prostate cancers grow slowly and may never cause health problems. But certain prostate cancers are serious.\nWho is more likely to develop prostate diseases?\nAnyone with a prostate can develop prostate problems. But some people are at higher risk.\nYou may be more likely to develop prostatitis if you have:\n• A lower urinary tract infection, also called a UTI. An infection in your lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) may lead to acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis.\n• Nerve damage in your lower urinary tract from surgery or an injury. This may lead to chronic prostatitis.\n• Emotional stress, which can lead to chronic prostatitis.\nYou may be more likely to develop an enlarged prostate (BPH) if you:\n• Are age 40 or older.\n• Have family members who have had BPH.\n• Have certain health conditions such as:\n• Obesity.\n• Heart disease and problems with blood circulation.\n• Type 2 diabetes.\n• Don't get enough physical activity.\nYou may be more likely to develop prostate cancer if you:\n• Are older than age 50.\n• Have a parent, sibling, or child who has or had prostate cancer.\n• Are African American.\nWhat are the symptoms of prostate diseases?\nThe symptoms of prostate problems include:\n• Needing to urinate a lot.\n• Needing to rush to the bathroom, but not being able to urinate or only going a little.\n• Leaking or dribbling urine.\n• Having a weak urine stream.\nOther symptoms depend on the type of prostate problem you have and may include:\n• Not being able to urinate at all. This is a medical emergency.\n• Any problems, starting or controlling urine flow.\n• Waking up often to urinate.\n• Blood in your urine or urine that has an unusual smell or color.\n• Fever, chills, or body aches.\n• Great discomfort or pain:\n• While urinating or after ejaculation.\n• In your abdomen (belly), between your scrotum and anus, or in your scrotum or penis.\nContact your provider if you have any of these symptoms.\nHow are prostate diseases diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have a prostate problem, your provider will:\n• Ask about your medical history and symptoms.\n• Ask about your family health history.\n• Do a physical exam. The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to feel the general size and condition of your prostate.\n• Order tests, if needed. Tests may include:\n• Blood and urine tests to look for infection.\n• Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.\n• Cystoscopy to look inside your urethra and bladder.\n• Ultrasound pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.\n• A PSA blood test (prostate-specific antigen test).\n• Prostate biopsy to diagnose or rule out cancer.\nTreatment depends on what prostate disease you have and which symptoms bother you most.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la próstata","text":"¿Qué es la próstata?\nLa próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.\n¿Qué son las enfermedades de la próstata?\nHay muchos tipos de enfermedades de la próstata:\n• Prostatitis: Inflamación (hinchazón y dolor) de la próstata. Es el tipo de problema de próstata más común en personas menores de 50 años. Hay diferentes tipos:\n• Prostatitis crónica: También se llama síndrome de dolor pélvico crónico. Es el tipo más común de prostatitis\n• Prostatitis bacteriana aguda: Comienza repentinamente a partir de una infección bacteriana y se trata con antibióticos. No es común\n• Prostatitis bacteriana crónica: Ocurre cuando una infección bacteriana sigue reapareciendo. Los síntomas suelen comenzar lentamente. Puede tardar más tiempo en tratarse que la prostatitis bacteriana aguda\n• Prostatitis asintomática: No presenta síntomas y, por lo general, no necesita tratamiento. Es posible que sepa que la tiene después de someterse a pruebas para detectar otros problemas de salud\n• Agrandamiento de la próstata: También se llama hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). La próstata tiende a agrandarse con la edad. Es por eso que el agrandamiento de la próstata es muy común en las personas mayores y es raro en los menores de 40 años. Cuando la próstata crece, puede presionar la uretra y causar problemas para orinar\n• Cáncer de próstata: Ocurre cuando se forman células cancerosas en la glándula prostática. El cáncer de próstata es un tipo común de cáncer en personas de 50 años o más. La mayoría de los casos crecen lentamente y es posible que nunca causen problemas de salud, pero algunos son graves\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedades de la próstata?\nCualquier persona con próstata puede tener problemas de próstata. Pero algunas personas corren un mayor riesgo.\nEs más probable que desarrolle prostatitis si tiene:\n• Una infección de las vías urinarias inferiores (vejiga y uretra), la que puede causar prostatitis bacteriana aguda o crónica\n• Daño a los nervios en el tracto urinario inferior debido a una cirugía o una lesión. Esto puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica\n• Estrés emocional, que puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica\nEs más probable que desarrolle agrandamiento de la próstata (HPB) si:\n• Tiene 40 años o más\n• Tiene familiares que han tenido hiperplasia prostática benigna\n• Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como:\n• Obesidad\n• Enfermedad cardíaca y problemas circulatorios\n• Diabetes tipo 2\n• No hace suficiente ejercicio\nEs más probable que desarrolle cáncer de próstata si:\n• Es mayor de 50 años\n• Tiene un padre, hermano o hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata\n• Es afroamericano\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de la próstata?\nLos síntomas de los problemas de próstata incluyen:\n• Necesidad de orinar mucho\n• Necesidad de correr al baño, pero no poder orinar u orinar solo un poco\n• Filtración o goteo de orina\n• Tener un chorro de orina débil\nOtros síntomas dependen del tipo de problema de próstata que tenga y pueden incluir:\n• No poder orinar en lo absoluto. Esto es una emergencia médica\n• Cualquier problema iniciando o controlando el flujo de orina\n• Despertarse con frecuencia para orinar\n• Sangre en la orina u orina que tiene un olor o color inusual\n• Fiebre, escalofríos o dolor de cuerpo\n• Gran malestar o dolor:\n• Al orinar o después de la eyaculación\n• En su abdomen, entre su escroto y ano, o en su escroto o pene\nHable con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de la próstata?\nPara saber si tiene un problema de próstata, su profesional de la salud puede:\n• Preguntar sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas\n• Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar\n• Hacer un examen físico. El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En esta prueba, su proveedor inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para sentir el tamaño general y la condición de su próstata\n• Solicitar pruebas, si es necesario. Las pruebas pueden incluir:\n• Exámenes de sangre y orina para buscar infección\n• Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina\n• Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la uretra y la vejiga\n• Imágenes de ultrasonido de su próstata y tracto urinario\n• Una prueba de sangre de antígeno prostático específico (PSA)\n• Biopsia de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer\nEl tratamiento depende de la enfermedad de la próstata que tenga y de los síntomas que más le molesten.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0407","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"male-infertility","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/male-infertility","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N46","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Male Infertility","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infertilidad en el hombre","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infertilitate masculină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"العقم عند الذكور","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mužská neplodnost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Männliche Unfruchtbarkeit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανδρική υπογονιμότητα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infertilité masculine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पुरुष बांझपन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Férfi meddőség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infertilità maschile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"男性不妊症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"남성 불임","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niepłodność męska","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infertilidade masculina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мужское бесплодие","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mužská neplodnosť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Erkek kısırlığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Чоловіче безпліддя","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"男性不育","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Infertility, Male"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Male Infertility","text":"Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasn't been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. Causes of male infertility include:\n• Physical problems with the testicles\n• Blockages in the ducts that carry sperm\n• Hormone problems\n• A history of high fevers or mumps\n• Genetic disorders\n• Lifestyle or environmental factors\nAbout a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the man. One third of the time, it is a problem with the woman. Sometimes no cause can be found.\nIf you suspect you are infertile, see your doctor. There are tests that may tell if you have fertility problems. When it is possible to find the cause, treatments may include medicines, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infertilidad en el hombre","text":"Infertilidad es un término que los profesionales de la salud usan cuando un hombre tiene dificultades en embarazar a una mujer después de haberlo intentado por lo menos por un año. Las causas incluyen:\n• Problemas físicos de los testículos\n• Bloqueos de los tubos que transportan el semen\n• Problemas hormonales\n• Historial de fiebre alta o paperas\n• Enfermedades genéticas\n• Factores ambientales o del estilo de vida\nCerca de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad es por un problema con el hombre. Otro tercio es un problema de la mujer. A veces, no se puede encontrar una causa.\nSi piensa que es infértil, consulte con su profesional de la salud. Existen exámenes que pueden determinar si usted tiene un problema de infertilidad. Cuando es posible encontrar la causa, los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o tecnologías de reproducción asistida. Afortunadamente, muchas de las parejas tratadas por infertilidad pueden tener bebés.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0408","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"endometriosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/endometriosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N80","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA10.Z","display":"Endometriosis of unspecified site","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1838213761/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1838213761/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Endometriosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Endometriosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Endometrioză","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بطانة الرحم المهاجرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Endometrióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Endometriose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδομητρίωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Endométriose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एंडोमेट्रियोसिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Endometriózis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Endometriosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"子宮内膜症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁내막증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Endometrioza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Endometriose","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эндометриоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Endometrióza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Endometriozis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ендометріоз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"子宫内膜异位症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Endo"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Endometriosis","text":"What is endometriosis?\nThe uterus, or womb, is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy. The uterus is lined with tissue (endometrium). Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue like the lining of the uterus grows in other places in your body. These patches of tissue are called \"implants,\" \"nodules,\" or \"lesions.\" They are most often found:\n• On or under the ovaries\n• On the fallopian tubes, which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus\n• Behind the uterus\n• On the tissues that hold the uterus in place\n• On the bowels or bladder\nIn rare cases, the tissue may grow on your lungs or in other parts of your body.\nWhat causes endometriosis?\nResearchers don't know what causes endometriosis.\nWho is at risk for endometriosis?\nEndometriosis can affect anyone who menstruates. Certain factors can raise or lower your risk of getting it.\nYou are at higher risk if:\n• You have a mother, sister, or daughter with endometriosis\n• Your period started before age 11\n• Your monthly cycles are short (less than 27 days)\n• Your menstrual cycles are heavy and last more than 7 days\nYou have a lower risk if:\n• You have been pregnant before\n• Your periods started late in adolescence\n• You breastfeed your babies\nWhat are the symptoms of endometriosis?\nThe main symptoms of endometriosis are:\n• Pelvic pain, which often happens during your period\n• Infertility\nOther possible symptoms include:\n• Painful menstrual cramps, which may get worse over time\n• Pain during or after sex\n• Pain in the intestine or lower abdomen\n• Pain with bowel movements (pooping) or urination (peeing), usually during your period\n• Heavy periods\n• Spotting or bleeding between periods\n• Digestive or gastrointestinal symptoms\n• Fatigue or lack of energy\nHow is endometriosis diagnosed?\nSurgery is the only way to know for sure that you have endometriosis. First, however, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You will have a pelvic exam and may have some imaging tests.\nThe most common surgery to diagnose endometriosis is a laparoscopy. This is a type of surgery that uses a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light. The surgeon inserts the laparoscope through a small cut in the skin near your belly button. Your provider can make a diagnosis based on how the patches of endometriosis look. They may also do a biopsy to get a tissue sample.\nWhat are the treatments for endometriosis?\nThere is no cure for endometriosis, but there are treatments for the symptoms. Your provider will work with you to decide which treatments would be best for you.\nTreatments for endometriosis pain include:\n• Pain relievers, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen and a prescription medicine specifically for endometriosis. Providers may sometimes prescribe opioids for severe pain.\n• Hormone therapy, which stops the ovaries from making hormones. This may slow the growth of the endometrial tissue and may stop new areas from growing. Types of hormone therapy include:\n• Birth control pills.\n• Progestin therapy.\n• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) medicines (GnRH agonists and antagonists). These medicines cause a temporary menopause. After your stop taking the medicines, your menstrual periods will start again, and pregnancy is possible.\n• Surgical treatments for severe pain, including procedures to remove the endometriosis patches or cut some nerves in the pelvis. The surgery may be a laparoscopy or major surgery.\nTreatments for infertility caused by endometriosis include:\n• Laparoscopy to remove the endometriosis patches\n• In vitro fertilization\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Endometriosis","text":"¿Qué es la endometriosis?\nEl útero, o matriz, es el lugar donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo. El endometrio es el tejido que recubre el interior del útero. La endometriosis es una enfermedad en la que el tejido que es similar al revestimiento del útero crece en otras partes de su cuerpo. Estos parches de tejido se llaman \"implantes\", \"nódulos\" o \"lesiones\". Se encuentran más a menudo:\n• En o debajo de los ovarios\n• En las trompas de Falopio, que llevan óvulos desde los ovarios hasta el útero\n• Detrás del útero\n• En los tejidos que mantienen el útero en su lugar\n• En los intestinos o vejiga\nEn casos raros, el tejido puede crecer en los pulmones o en otras partes del cuerpo.\n¿Cuál es la causa de la endometriosis?\nNo se conoce la causa de la endometriosis.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de endometriosis?\nLa endometriosis puede afectar a cualquiera con menstruaciones. Ciertos factores pueden subir o bajar su riesgo de tenerla.\nUsted tiene un mayor riesgo si:\n• Tiene una madre, hermana o hija con endometriosis\n• Su período comenzó antes de los 11 años\n• Sus ciclos mensuales son cortos (menos de 27 días)\n• Sus ciclos menstruales son intensos y duran más de siete días\nTiene un menor riesgo si:\n• Ha estado embarazada antes\n• Sus periodos comenzaron tarde en la adolescencia\n• Da pecho a su bebé\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la endometriosis?\nLos principales síntomas de la endometriosis son:\n• Dolor pélvico que con frecuencia ocurre durante su período\n• Infertilidad\nOtros posibles síntomas incluyen:\n• Cólicos menstruales dolorosos: Estos pueden empeorar con el tiempo\n• Dolor durante o después de las relaciones sexuales\n• Dolor en los intestinos o parte baja del vientre\n• Períodos con flujo intenso\n• Manchado o sangramiento entre períodos\n• Síntomas gastrointestinales o digestivos\n• Fatiga o falta de energía\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la endometriosis?\nLa cirugía es la única forma de saber con certeza si tiene endometriosis. Sin embargo, primero su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica. Le harán un examen pélvico y posiblemente algunas pruebas de imagen.\nLa cirugía más común para diagnosticar la endometriosis es una laparoscopia. Este tipo de cirugía utiliza un laparoscopio, un tubo delgado con una cámara y luz. El cirujano inserta el laparoscopio a través de un pequeño corte en la piel cerca de su ombligo. El profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico basado en cómo se ven los parches de endometriosis. También puede hacer una biopsia para obtener una muestra de tejido.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la endometriosis?\nNo hay cura para la endometriosis, pero hay tratamientos para los síntomas. Su profesional de la salud colaborará con usted para decidir qué tratamientos son los mejores para su caso.\nLos tratamientos para el dolor por endometriosis incluyen:\n• Analgésicos:, Incluyendo medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides como el ibuprofeno y un medicamento recetado específicamente para la endometriosis. Los proveedores a veces pueden recetar opioides para el dolor severo\n• Terapia hormonal: Impide que los ovarios produzcan hormonas. Esto puede retardar el crecimiento del tejido endometrial y puede detener que crezcan nuevos parches. Los tipos de terapia hormonal incluyen:\n• Pastillas anticonceptivas\n• Terapia con progestinas\n• Medicamentos de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina (GnRH) (agonistas y antagonistas de GnRH): Estos medicamentos provocan una menopausia temporal. Después de dejar de tomar los medicamentos, sus períodos menstruales comenzarán nuevamente y es posible que quede embarazada\n• Tratamientos quirúrgicos para el dolor intenso: Incluyendo procedimientos para extirpar los parches de endometriosis o cortar algunos nervios en la pelvis. La operación puede ser una laparoscopia o cirugía mayor\nLos tratamientos para la infertilidad causada por la endometriosis incluyen:\n• Laparoscopia para extirpar los parches de endometriosis\n• Fertilización in vitro\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0409","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pelvic-organ-prolapse","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pelvic-organ-prolapse","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N81","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pelvic organ prolapse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Prolaps genital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"هبوط الأعضاء التناسلية الأنثوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sestup pohlavních orgánů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Senkung der Geschlechtsorgane (Genitalprolaps)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρόπτωση γεννητικών οργάνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Prolapso genital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prolapsus génital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्रोणि अंग का खिसकना (प्रोलैप्स)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Női nemi szervek süllyedése","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prolasso genitale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"性器脱（骨盤臓器脱）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골반장기탈출증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Obniżenie narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prolapso genital","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пролапс половых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pokles pohlavných orgánov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Genital organ sarkması (prolapsus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пролапс статевих органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"盆腔器官脱垂","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pelvic Floor Disorders","text":"The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and other tissues that form a sling or hammock across the pelvis. In women, it holds the uterus, bladder, bowel, and other pelvic organs in place so that they can work properly. The pelvic floor can become weak or be injured. The main causes are pregnancy and childbirth. Other causes include being overweight, radiation treatment, surgery, and getting older.\nCommon symptoms include:\n• Feeling heaviness, fullness, pulling, or aching in the vagina. It gets worse by the end of the day or during a bowel movement.\n• Seeing or feeling a \"bulge\" or \"something coming out\" of the vagina\n• Having a hard time starting to urinate or emptying the bladder completely\n• Having frequent urinary tract infections\n• Leaking urine when you cough, laugh, or exercise\n• Feeling an urgent or frequent need to urinate\n• Feeling pain while urinating\n• Leaking stool or having a hard time controlling gas\n• Being constipated\n• Having a hard time making it to the bathroom in time\nYour health care provider diagnoses the problem with a physical exam, a pelvic exam, or special tests. Treatments include special pelvic muscle exercises called Kegel exercises. A mechanical support device called a pessary helps some women. Surgery and medicines are other treatments.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del piso pélvico","text":"El piso pélvico es un grupo de músculos y otros tejidos que forman una especie de cabestrillo o hamaca a través de la pelvis. En la mujer, mantiene el útero, la vejiga, los intestinos y otros órganos pélvicos en su lugar para que puedan funcionar adecuadamente. Pero el piso pélvico puede debilitarse o lastimarse. Las causas principales son el embarazo y el parto. Otras causas pueden ser la obesidad, tratamientos con radiación, cirugía y envejecimiento.\nLos síntomas más comunes son:\n• Sensación de pesadez, hinchazón, tirón o dolor en la vagina que se agrava al final del día o cuando mueven el intestino\n• Sensación o ver que un \"bulto\" o \"algo que sale\" de la vagina\n• Dificultad para comenzar a orinar o vaciar la vejiga por completo\n• Infecciones del tracto urinario frecuentes\n• Pérdidas de orina al reírse, toser o hacer ejercicio\n• Necesidad urgente o frecuente de orinar\n• Dolor al orinar\n• Pérdidas de materia fecal o dificultad para controlar los gases\n• Estreñimiento\n• Dificultad para llegar al baño a tiempo\nSu proveedor de cuidados de salud diagnostica este problema con un examen físico, pélvico o pruebas especiales. Los tratamientos incluyen ejercicios pélvicos específicos llamados Kegel; un pesario, que es un dispositivo mecánico de apoyo y le es de ayuda a ciertas mujeres; cirugía y otros tratamientos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0410","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"fistulas-of-the-female-genital-tract","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/fistulas-of-the-female-genital-tract","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N82","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GC04.1Z","display":"Fistulae involving female genital tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2088138730/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2088138730/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fistulas of the female genital tract","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fistule ale tractului genital feminin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"النواسير في الجهاز التناسلي الأنثوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Píštěle ženského pohlavního ústrojí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fisteln des weiblichen Genitaltrakts","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συρίγγια του γυναικείου γεννητικού συστήματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fístulas del aparato genital femenino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fistules de l'appareil génital féminin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"महिला जननांग पथ के फिस्टुला","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A női nemi szervek sipolyai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fistole dell'apparato genitale femminile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"女性生殖器の瘻孔","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"여성 생식기 누공","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przetoki żeńskich narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fístulas do trato genital feminino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Свищи женских половых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fistuly ženského pohlavného ústrojenstva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kadın genital yolu fistülleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нориці жіночих статевих органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"女性生殖道瘘","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fistulas","text":"A fistula is an abnormal connection between two parts inside of the body. Fistulas may develop between different organs, such as between the esophagus and the windpipe or the bowel and the vagina. They can also develop between two blood vessels, such as between an artery and a vein or between two arteries.\nSome people are born with a fistula. Other common causes of fistulas include:\n• Complications from surgery\n• Injury\n• Infection\n• Diseases, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis\nTreatment depends on the cause of the fistula, where it is, and how bad it is. Some fistulas will close on their own. In some cases, you may need antibiotics and/or surgery.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fístulas","text":"Una fístula es una conexión anormal entre dos partes internas del cuerpo. Pueden desarrollarse entre distintos órganos, como entre el esófago y la tráquea o entre el intestino y la vagina. También pueden formarse entre dos vasos sanguíneos, como una arteria y una vena o entre dos arterias.\nAlgunas personas nacen con una fístula. Otras causas comunes son:\n• Complicaciones después de una cirugía\n• Lesiones\n• Infecciones\n• Enfermedades como la de Crohn o colitis ulcerativa\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa, dónde está ubicada y cuán grave es. Algunas fístulas cierran por sí solas. Otras necesitan antibióticos y/o cirugías.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0411","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"ovarian-and-fallopian-tube-disorders-non-inflammatory-including-ovarian-cysts","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/ovarian-and-fallopian-tube-disorders-non-inflammatory-including-ovarian-cysts","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N83","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA1Z","display":"Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/306138025/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#306138025/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ovarian and fallopian tube disorders (non-inflammatory, including ovarian cysts)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Afecțiuni neinflamatorii ale ovarului și trompei (inclusiv chisturi ovariene)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات المبيض وقناة فالوب غير الالتهابية (بما في ذلك الأكياس)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nezánětlivé poruchy vaječníku a vejcovodu (včetně cyst)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nichtentzündliche Krankheiten von Eierstock und Eileiter (einschließlich Eierstockzysten)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μη φλεγμονώδεις διαταραχές ωοθήκης και σάλπιγγας (περιλαμβάνονται κύστεις)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos no inflamatorios de ovario y trompa (incluidos quistes ováricos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Affections non inflammatoires de l'ovaire et de la trompe (dont kystes ovariens)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अंडाशय और फैलोपियन ट्यूब के गैर-सूजन विकार (सिस्ट सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A petefészek és a petevezeték nem gyulladásos betegségei (cisztákkal)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi non infiammatori di ovaio e tuba (incluse cisti ovariche)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"卵巣・卵管の非炎症性障害（卵巣嚢腫を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"난소 및 난관의 비염증성 장애(난소낭종 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niezapalne choroby jajnika i jajowodu (w tym torbiele jajnika)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios não inflamatórios do ovário e trompa (incluindo quistos ováricos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Невоспалительные болезни яичника и маточной трубы (включая кисты)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nezápalové poruchy vaječníka a vajíčkovodu (vrátane cýst)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yumurtalık ve fallop tüpünün iltihabi olmayan bozuklukları (kistler dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Незапальні хвороби яєчника та маткової труби (включно з кістами)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"卵巢和输卵管非炎性疾病（包括卵巢囊肿）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ovarian Disorders","text":"What are ovaries?\nThe ovaries are a pair of female reproductive glands that make eggs and female hormones. Women have one ovary on each side of the uterus (where a fetus grows during pregnancy). Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond.\nOvaries play a role in menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Your ovaries:\n• Produce and store eggs that are released during ovulation (when an egg leaves the ovary and travels into the fallopian tube). If a sperm fertilizes the egg, you can become pregnant.\n• Make the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.\n• Stop making those hormones and releasing eggs during menopause.\nSome medical problems can affect the ovaries. These can cause various symptoms, and some ovarian disorders may need prompt treatment.\nWhat are the types of ovarian disorders?\nSome problems that can happen with the ovaries can include:\n• Ovarian cancer is when a cancerous tumor forms in the tissues of an ovary.\n• Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary.\n• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms related to an imbalance of hormones.\n• Primary ovarian insufficiency is when your ovaries stop working before age 40.\n• Ovarian torsion is a twisting of the ovary.\n• Endometriosis is when tissue like the lining in your uterus grows in other places in your body. It may affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue lining the pelvis.\n• Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection and inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, and other female reproductive organs.\n• Ovarian tumors.\nWhat causes ovarian disorders?\nOvarian disorders can happen for different reasons depending on the condition. Sometimes the cause is unknown.\nWhat are the symptoms of ovarian disorders?\nYour symptoms may be different, depending on the problem with your ovaries. Some ovarian disorders, such as ovarian cysts, may cause few or even no symptoms. Other disorders may cause more severe symptoms. Symptoms can include:\n• Pelvic pain, which often happens during your period\n• Nausea or diarrhea\n• Vaginal bleeding that is between periods, very heavy, or longer than usual\n• Vaginal discharge\n• Painful menstrual cramps\nHow are ovarian disorders diagnosed?\nTo find out if you have a problem with your ovaries, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms\n• Will ask about your family health history\n• Will do a physical exam, including a pelvic exam\n• May order imaging tests, or blood tests\nWhat are the treatments for ovarian disorders?\nTreatment depends on the ovarian disorder, your symptoms, overall health, and plans for pregnancy. Treatment can include medicines, such as pain relievers or hormonal birth control, lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms, or sometimes surgery. Ovarian cancer may require surgery, chemotherapy, or other targeted therapy.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ovariandisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de los ovarios","text":"¿Qué son los ovarios?\nLos ovarios son un par de glándulas reproductoras de la mujer que producen óvulos y hormonas femeninas. Las mujeres tienen un ovario a cada lado del útero (donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo). El tamaño y la forma de cada ovario se aproxima al de una almendra.\nLos ovarios desempeñan un papel en la menstruación, el embarazo y la menopausia. Los ovarios:\n• Producen y almacenan óvulos que se liberan durante la ovulación (cuando un óvulo sale del ovario y se traslada a la trompa de Falopio). Si un espermatozoide fecunda el óvulo, puede quedar embarazada\n• Producen las hormonas femeninas estrógeno y progesterona\n• Dejan de producir estas hormonas y de liberar óvulos durante la menopausia\nAlgunos problemas médicos pueden afectar a los ovarios. Estos pueden causar diversos síntomas, y algunos trastornos ováricos pueden requerir tratamiento inmediato.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de los ovarios?\nAlgunos problemas que pueden presentarse en los ovarios incluyen:\n• Cáncer de ovario: Ocurre cuando se forma un tumor canceroso en los tejidos del ovario\n• Quistes ováricos: Sacos llenos de líquido en o sobre el ovario\n• Síndrome de ovario poliquístico: Conjunto de síntomas relacionados con un desequilibrio hormonal\n• Insuficiencia ovárica primaria: Ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de funcionar antes de los 40 años\n• Torsión ovárica: Ocurre cuando un ovario se retuerce\n• Endometriosis: Ocurre cuando tejido como el revestimiento del útero crece en otras partes del cuerpo. Puede afectar los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio y el tejido que recubre la pelvis\n• Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica: Infección e inflamación del útero, los ovarios y otros órganos reproductores de la mujer\n• Tumores ováricos\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de los ovarios?\nLos trastornos ováricos pueden ocurrir por diferentes razones según la afección. En ocasiones se desconoce la causa.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de los ovarios?\nLos síntomas pueden variar según el problema de los ovarios. Algunos trastornos ováricos, como los quistes, pueden presentar ningún o pocos síntomas. Otros trastornos pueden causar síntomas más graves. Estos pueden incluir:\n• Dolor pélvico, que suele ocurrir durante la menstruación\n• Náuseas o diarrea\n• Sangrado vaginal entre periodos, muy abundante o más prolongado de lo habitual\n• Flujo vaginal\n• Calambres menstruales dolorosos\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos ováricos?\nPara determinar si tiene un problema de los ovarios, su profesional de la salud:\n• Preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas\n• Preguntará sobre su historia médica familiar\n• Realizará un examen físico, que incluye un examen pélvico\n• Puede solicitar pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen o análisis de sangre\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de los ovarios?\nEl tratamiento depende del trastorno, sus síntomas, su estado general de salud y sus planes de embarazo. El tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos, como analgésicos o anticonceptivos hormonales, cambios en el estilo de vida para reducir los síntomas o, en ocasiones, cirugía. El cáncer de ovario puede requerir cirugía, quimioterapia u otra terapia dirigida.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariandisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0412","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"polyps-of-the-female-genital-tract","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/polyps-of-the-female-genital-tract","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N84","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA1Z","display":"Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/306138025/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#306138025/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Polyps of the female genital tract","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Polipi ai tractului genital feminin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سلائل الجهاز التناسلي الأنثوي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Polypy ženského pohlavního ústrojí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Polypen des weiblichen Genitaltrakts","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πολύποδες του γυναικείου γεννητικού συστήματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pólipos del aparato genital femenino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Polypes de l'appareil génital féminin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"महिला जननांग पथ के पॉलिप","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A női nemi szervek polipjai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Polipi dell'apparato genitale femminile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"女性生殖器のポリープ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"여성 생식기 용종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Polipy żeńskich narządów płciowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pólipos do trato genital feminino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Полипы женских половых органов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Polypy ženského pohlavného ústrojenstva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kadın genital yolu polipleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Поліпи жіночих статевих органів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"女性生殖道息肉","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Uterine Diseases","text":"What are uterine diseases?\nThe uterus, or womb, is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy. Uterine diseases are conditions that affect the uterus. These diseases can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancerous). They may affect your menstrual periods, your ability to get pregnant, or the health of your reproductive organs.\nSome types of uterine diseases include:\n• Adenomyosis. Tissue that usually lines the uterus grows on the outside walls.\n• Cervicitis. Swelling or inflamed tissue of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus.\n• Endometrial hyperplasia. An overgrowth of normal cells inside the uterus.\n• Endometriosis. Tissue like the lining of the uterus grows in other places in your body.\n• Uterine prolapse. The uterus drops in to the vagina due to weakened pelvic muscles. This can happen after a few vaginal births, menopause, or because of obesity.\nWhat causes uterine diseases?\nVarious factors can cause uterine diseases. These can include hormonal imbalances, thyroid problems, fibroids, polyps, cancer, infection, or pregnancy.\nWhat are the symptoms of uterine diseases?\nYour symptoms will depend on the type of uterine condition you have. The first sign of a problem with the uterus may be abnormal bleeding. Bleeding could occur between periods, be very heavy, or last much longer than usual. Other symptoms may include bleeding after sex or pelvic pain.\nHow are uterine diseases diagnosed?\nTo find out the cause of your symptoms, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your symptoms and medical history\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Order blood tests or imaging tests\n• Do a biopsy\nWhat are the treatments for uterine diseases?\nTreatment depends on the cause. It may include pain medicine, hormone therapy, or surgery. Your provider will work with you to choose the best treatment.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del útero","text":"¿Qué son las enfermedades uterinas?\nEl útero es el lugar donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo. Las enfermedades uterinas son las condiciones que afectan al útero. Éstas pueden ser benignas (no cancerígenas) o malignas (cancerígenas). Además, pueden afectar sus menstruaciones, su capacidad para quedar embarazada o la salud de sus órganos reproductivos.\nAlgunos tipos de enfermedades del útero incluyen:\n• Adenomiosis: se refiere a cuando el tejido que reviste al útero crece en sus paredes exteriores\n• Cervicitis: es la inflamación o hinchazón del tejido del cuello uterino, ubicado en la parte baja del útero\n• Hiperplasia endometrial: es cuando ocurre el crecimiento excesivo de células normales dentro del útero\n• Endometriosis: es el crecimiento de tejido similar al revestimiento del útero en otras partes del cuerpo\n• Prolapso uterino: se refiere a cuando el útero baja hacia la vagina debido a la debilidad de los músculos pélvicos. Esto puede suceder tras varios partos vaginales, la menopausia o por obesidad\n¿Qué causa las enfermedades uterinas?\nVarios factores pueden causar enfermedades uterinas. Entre ellos se incluyen desbalances hormonales, problemas de tiroides, fibromas, pólipos, cáncer, infecciones o embarazo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades uterinas?\nSus síntomas dependerán del tipo de condición uterina que usted tenga. La primera señal de un problema con el útero puede ser el sangrado anormal. El sangrado puede ocurrir entre menstruaciones, ser abundantes o durar mucho más de lo usual. Otros síntomas podrían incluir el sangrado luego de mantener relaciones sexuales o el dolor pélvico.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades uterinas?\nPara encontrar la causa de sus síntomas, su profesional de la salud podría:\n• Preguntarle sobre sus síntomas y su historial médico\n• Realizarle un examen pélvico\n• Solicitarle pruebas de sangre o pruebas de imágenes\n• Hacerle una biopsia\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades uterinas?\nEl tratamiento dependerá de la causa y podría incluir medicina para el dolor, terapia hormonal o cirugía. Su proveedor trabajará junto a usted para elegir el mejor tratamiento.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0413","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-non-inflammatory-uterine-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-non-inflammatory-uterine-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N85","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA1Z&XA99N3","display":"Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract, unspecified [Uterus]","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/306138025/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#306138025/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other non-inflammatory uterine disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni neinflamatorii ale uterului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى غير التهابية في الرحم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nezánětlivé poruchy dělohy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere nichtentzündliche Krankheiten der Gebärmutter","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες μη φλεγμονώδεις διαταραχές της μήτρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos no inflamatorios del útero","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections non inflammatoires de l'utérus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भाशय के अन्य गैर-सूजन विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A méh egyéb nem gyulladásos betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi non infiammatori dell'utero","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の子宮の非炎症性障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 자궁의 비염증성 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne niezapalne choroby macicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios não inflamatórios do útero","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие невоспалительные болезни матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné nezápalové poruchy maternice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rahmin diğer iltihabi olmayan bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші незапальні хвороби матки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他子宫非炎性疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Uterine Diseases","text":"What are uterine diseases?\nThe uterus, or womb, is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy. Uterine diseases are conditions that affect the uterus. These diseases can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancerous). They may affect your menstrual periods, your ability to get pregnant, or the health of your reproductive organs.\nSome types of uterine diseases include:\n• Adenomyosis. Tissue that usually lines the uterus grows on the outside walls.\n• Cervicitis. Swelling or inflamed tissue of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus.\n• Endometrial hyperplasia. An overgrowth of normal cells inside the uterus.\n• Endometriosis. Tissue like the lining of the uterus grows in other places in your body.\n• Uterine prolapse. The uterus drops in to the vagina due to weakened pelvic muscles. This can happen after a few vaginal births, menopause, or because of obesity.\nWhat causes uterine diseases?\nVarious factors can cause uterine diseases. These can include hormonal imbalances, thyroid problems, fibroids, polyps, cancer, infection, or pregnancy.\nWhat are the symptoms of uterine diseases?\nYour symptoms will depend on the type of uterine condition you have. The first sign of a problem with the uterus may be abnormal bleeding. Bleeding could occur between periods, be very heavy, or last much longer than usual. Other symptoms may include bleeding after sex or pelvic pain.\nHow are uterine diseases diagnosed?\nTo find out the cause of your symptoms, your health care provider may:\n• Ask about your symptoms and medical history\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Order blood tests or imaging tests\n• Do a biopsy\nWhat are the treatments for uterine diseases?\nTreatment depends on the cause. It may include pain medicine, hormone therapy, or surgery. Your provider will work with you to choose the best treatment.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades del útero","text":"¿Qué son las enfermedades uterinas?\nEl útero es el lugar donde se desarrolla el feto durante el embarazo. Las enfermedades uterinas son las condiciones que afectan al útero. Éstas pueden ser benignas (no cancerígenas) o malignas (cancerígenas). Además, pueden afectar sus menstruaciones, su capacidad para quedar embarazada o la salud de sus órganos reproductivos.\nAlgunos tipos de enfermedades del útero incluyen:\n• Adenomiosis: se refiere a cuando el tejido que reviste al útero crece en sus paredes exteriores\n• Cervicitis: es la inflamación o hinchazón del tejido del cuello uterino, ubicado en la parte baja del útero\n• Hiperplasia endometrial: es cuando ocurre el crecimiento excesivo de células normales dentro del útero\n• Endometriosis: es el crecimiento de tejido similar al revestimiento del útero en otras partes del cuerpo\n• Prolapso uterino: se refiere a cuando el útero baja hacia la vagina debido a la debilidad de los músculos pélvicos. Esto puede suceder tras varios partos vaginales, la menopausia o por obesidad\n¿Qué causa las enfermedades uterinas?\nVarios factores pueden causar enfermedades uterinas. Entre ellos se incluyen desbalances hormonales, problemas de tiroides, fibromas, pólipos, cáncer, infecciones o embarazo.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades uterinas?\nSus síntomas dependerán del tipo de condición uterina que usted tenga. La primera señal de un problema con el útero puede ser el sangrado anormal. El sangrado puede ocurrir entre menstruaciones, ser abundantes o durar mucho más de lo usual. Otros síntomas podrían incluir el sangrado luego de mantener relaciones sexuales o el dolor pélvico.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades uterinas?\nPara encontrar la causa de sus síntomas, su profesional de la salud podría:\n• Preguntarle sobre sus síntomas y su historial médico\n• Realizarle un examen pélvico\n• Solicitarle pruebas de sangre o pruebas de imágenes\n• Hacerle una biopsia\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades uterinas?\nEl tratamiento dependerá de la causa y podría incluir medicina para el dolor, terapia hormonal o cirugía. Su proveedor trabajará junto a usted para elegir el mejor tratamiento.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0414","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-non-inflammatory-vulvar-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-non-inflammatory-vulvar-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N90","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA1Z","display":"Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/306138025/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#306138025/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other non-inflammatory vulvar disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni neinflamatorii ale vulvei și perineului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات أخرى غير التهابية في الفرج والعجان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné nezánětlivé poruchy vulvy a hráze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere nichtentzündliche Krankheiten der Vulva und des Damms","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες μη φλεγμονώδεις διαταραχές αιδοίου και περινέου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otros trastornos no inflamatorios de vulva y periné","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections non inflammatoires de la vulve et du périnée","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"योनिमुख और मूलाधार के अन्य गैर-सूजन विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A szeméremtest és a gát egyéb nem gyulladásos betegségei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altri disturbi non infiammatori di vulva e perineo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の外陰・会陰の非炎症性障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 외음부 및 회음부의 비염증성 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne niezapalne choroby sromu i krocza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outros distúrbios não inflamatórios da vulva e períneo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие невоспалительные болезни вульвы и промежности","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné nezápalové poruchy vulvy a hrádze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vulva ve perinenin diğer iltihabi olmayan bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші незапальні хвороби вульви та промежини","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他外阴和会阴非炎性疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Vulvar Disorders","text":"What are vulvar disorders?\nThe vulva is the outer part of the female genitals. This includes the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina. A vulvar disorder is a health problem that affects your vulva. These problems may cause pain, itching, or skin changes of the vulva. Treatment depends on the cause.\nCommon vulvar disorders include:\n• Vaginitis or vulvovaginitis, which is swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina\n• Itching (pruritus vulvae) or skin rashes due to allergies or irritation\n• Vulvar cancer\n• Vulvodynia, which is long-lasting vulvar pain without a known medical cause\n• Lichen sclerosus, which is thin, itchy, white patches of skin on the vulva\n• Vulvitis, which is inflammation of the vulva\n• Labial adhesions, which is when the folds of skin around the vaginal opening stick together (most common in young girls)\nWho is more likely to develop vulvar disorders?\nVulvar disorders can affect women and girls of any age, but certain factors may raise their risk. This includes those:\n• Going through or past menopause. Lower estrogen can lead to thinning skin and conditions like lichen sclerosus.\n• Having certain skin conditions or allergies, which can raise your risk of vulvar skin problems.\nWhat are the symptoms of vulvar disorders?\nSymptoms depend on the specific disorder. Common symptoms may include:\n• Redness or swelling\n• Itching or burning\n• Pain, especially during sex or urination (peeing)\n• Cracks, sores, or thickened patches of skin\n• Changes in skin color, such as lighter, darker, or white patches\n• Lumps, growths, or sores that don't heal\n• Vaginal bleeding that isn't related to your menstrual period\nTalk to your health care provider if symptoms last more than a few days, you notice a new lump or a sore that won't heal, or you have vaginal bleeding that's not normal for you.\nHow are vulvar disorders diagnosed?\nEarly diagnosis may make most vulvar disorders easier to treat. To diagnose a vulvar disorder, your provider may:\n• Ask about your health history and symptoms\n• Do a pelvic exam\n• Test for HPV or do a Pap test\n• Use a magnifying tool (colposcope) to look closely at the skin of your vulva\nWhat are the treatments for vulvar disorders?\nTreatment depends on the cause. It may include:\n• Medicines, such as antibiotics, antifungals, or other medicines\n• Creams or steroid ointments for irritation or allergic reactions\n• Pelvic floor physical therapy (to stretch and ease vulvodynia pain), nerve blocks or medicines, counseling, or a combination of these treatments\nCan vulvar disorders be prevented?\nNot all vulvar disorders can be prevented, but you can lower your risk by:\n• Getting the HPV vaccine to help prevent infections linked to vulvar cancer\n• Not smoking\n• Practicing good hygiene, such as wearing cotton underwear and avoiding scented soaps or douches\n• Getting regular checkups, including pelvic exams, so problems can be found early","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/vulvardisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades de la vulva","text":"¿Qué son los trastornos vulvares?\nLa vulva es la parte externa de los genitales femeninos. Incluye el clítoris, los labios vaginales y la abertura de la vagina. Un trastorno vulvar es un problema de salud que afecta a la vulva. Estos problemas pueden causar dolor, picazón o cambios en la piel de la vulva. El tratamiento depende de la causa.\nAlgunos de los trastornos vulvares comunes incluyen:\n• Vaginitis o vulvovaginitis, una inflamación o infección de la vulva y la vagina\n• Picazón (prurito vulvar) o sarpullido en la piel debido a alergias o irritación\n• Cáncer de vulva\n• Vulvodinia o dolor vulvar prolongado sin una causa médica conocida\n• Liquen escleroso, que causa manchas blancas y finas en la piel de la vulva que producen picazón\n• Vulvitis, que es la inflamación de la vulva\n• Adherencias labiales, que se producen cuando los pliegues de la piel alrededor de la abertura vaginal se pegan entre sí (más común en niñas)\n¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar trastornos vulvares?\nLos trastornos vulvares pueden afectar a mujeres y niñas de cualquier edad, pero ciertos factores pueden aumentar el riesgo. Esto incluye a aquellas personas:\n• Que están pasando por la menopausia o que ya la han superado. La disminución de los niveles de estrógeno puede provocar el adelgazamiento de la piel y afecciones como el liquen escleroso\n• Que tienen ciertas afecciones cutáneas o alergias, lo cual puede aumentar el riesgo de problemas en la piel de la vulva\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos vulvares?\nLos síntomas dependen del trastorno específico. Entre los síntomas comunes están:\n• Enrojecimiento o hinchazón\n• Picazón o ardor\n• Dolor, especialmente durante las relaciones sexuales o al orinar\n• Grietas, llagas o zonas de piel engrosada\n• Cambios en el color de la piel, como manchas más claras, más oscuras o blancas\n• Bultos, crecimientos o llagas que no cicatrizan\n• Sangrado vaginal no relacionado con el periodo menstrual\nConsulte a su proveedor de servicios de salud si los síntomas duran más de unos días, si nota un bulto nuevo o una llaga que no cicatriza, o si tiene sangrado vaginal que no es normal para usted.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos vulvares?\nUn diagnóstico temprano puede facilitar el tratamiento de la mayoría de los trastornos vulvares. Para diagnosticar un trastorno vulvar, su proveedor podría:\n• Preguntarle sobre sus antecedentes médicos y sus síntomas\n• Realizar un examen pélvico\n• Hacer pruebas para detectar el VPH o realizar una prueba de Papanicolaou\n• Utilizar un instrumento de aumento (colposcopio) para examinar detenidamente la piel de la vulva\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos vulvares?\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa. Este puede incluir:\n• Medicamentos, como antibióticos, antimicóticos u otros fármacos\n• Cremas o ungüentos con esteroides para la irritación o las reacciones alérgicas\n• Fisioterapia del suelo pélvico (para estirar y aliviar el dolor de la vulvodinia), bloqueos nerviosos o medicamentos, consejería psicológica o una combinación de estos tratamientos\n¿Se pueden prevenir los trastornos vulvares?\nNo todos los trastornos vulvares se pueden prevenir, pero usted puede reducir el riesgo si:\n• Se vacuna contra el VPH para ayudar a prevenir infecciones relacionadas con el cáncer de vulva\n• No fuma\n• Mantiene una buena higiene, como usar ropa interior de algodón y evitar jabones perfumados o duchas vaginales\n• Se realiza revisiones periódicas, incluidos exámenes pélvicos, para detectar problemas a tiempo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvardisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0415","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"absent-light-or-infrequent-periods","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/absent-light-or-infrequent-periods","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N91","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Absent, light or infrequent periods","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Menstruație absentă, redusă sau rară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انقطاع الطمث أو قلته أو ندرته","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chybějící, slabá nebo vzácná menstruace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ausbleibende, schwache oder seltene Regelblutung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απουσία, ολιγομηνόρροια ή αραιή περίοδος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Menstruación ausente, escasa o infrecuente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Règles absentes, peu abondantes ou rares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मासिक धर्म न होना, कम या कभी-कभार होना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hiányzó, gyenge vagy ritka menstruáció","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mestruazioni assenti, scarse o rare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"無月経・過少月経・希発月経","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"무월경, 과소월경, 희발월경","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Brak, skąpe lub rzadkie miesiączki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Menstruação ausente, escassa ou rara","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отсутствие, скудные или редкие менструации","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Chýbajúca, slabá alebo zriedkavá menštruácia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Adet görmeme, az veya seyrek adet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Відсутність, скудні або рідкісні менструації","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"闭经、月经过少和月经稀发","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Menstruation","text":"What is menstruation?\nMenstruation, also called a period, is normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of the monthly cycle in women and girls. Every month, the body prepares for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not happen, the uterus (womb) sheds its lining. This blood and tissue leave the body through the vagina.\nWhat is the menstrual cycle?\nThe menstrual cycle is the monthly process the body goes through to prepare for pregnancy. It is counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. Most menstrual cycles last about 28 days, but cycles can be shorter or longer and still be normal.\nWhen will my period start?\nMost girls start having a period between ages 9 and 15, but some may start earlier or later. A period usually lasts three to seven days and can be light or heavy. It may take a few years to become regular.\nYour period may change during times that affect hormones, such as after childbirth or while breastfeeding. Periods usually continue until menopause, which most often happens between ages 45 and 55.\nWhat are the symptoms of menstruation?\nIn addition to vaginal bleeding, you may have:\n• Cramping pain in the lower abdomen (belly) or pelvis\n• Lower back pain\n• Bloating\n• Sore breasts\n• Food cravings\n• Mood swings or irritability\n• Headaches or fatigue\nPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that can happen in the days before a period starts. Many women have some PMS symptoms, which usually go away after their period begins.\nMany women and girls use menstrual products such as pads, tampons, menstrual cups, or period underwear to manage bleeding during their period. Changing or cleaning these products often helps you stay comfortable and clean.\nWhat are menstrual irregularities?\nMenstrual irregularities are changes in the usual menstrual cycle. These may include missed periods, irregular periods, or heavy bleeding. Common menstrual irregularities include:\n• Amenorrhea means not having a period.\n• Oligomenorrhea means having periods that happen less often.\n• Menorrhagia means very heavy menstrual bleeding.\n• Prolonged menstrual bleeding occurs when periods regularly last longer than 8 days.\n• Dysmenorrhea refers to painful periods that may include severe cramps.\nKeep track of your period each month. This can help you understand your usual cycle, know when to expect your next period, and notice changes.\nTalk with your health care provider if you notice major changes in your menstrual cycle, very heavy bleeding, or severe pain. These may be signs of other health problems that need treatment.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Menstruación","text":"¿Qué es la menstruación?\nLa menstruación, también llamada período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de las mujeres y niñas. Cada mes el cuerpo se prepara para el embarazo y si este no ocurre, el útero expulsa su revestimiento. Esta sangre y tejido salen del cuerpo a través de la vagina.\n¿Qué es el ciclo menstrual?\nEl ciclo menstrual es el proceso mensual a través del cual el cuerpo se prepara para el embarazo. Se cuenta desde el primer día de una menstruación hasta el primer día de la siguiente. La mayoría de los ciclos menstruales duran alrededor de 28 días, pero los ciclos pueden ser más cortos o más largos y aun así ser normales.\n¿Cuándo comenzará mi período?\nLa mayoría de las niñas comienzan a menstruar entre los 9 y los 15 años, pero algunas podrían empezar antes o después. El período, por lo general, dura entre tres y siete días y puede ser leve o fuerte. Puede tomar varios años para que se vuelva regular.\nSu período puede cambiar durante etapas que afectan a las hormonas, como después del parto o mientras amamanta. Usualmente se mantiene hasta la menopausia, que para la mayoría de las mujeres ocurre entre los 45 y los 55 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menstruación?\nAdemás del sangrado vaginal, usted podría tener:\n• Dolores o calambres abdominales o pélvicos\n• Dolor de espalda baja\n• Hinchazón\n• Dolor en los senos\n• Antojo de algún alimento\n• Irritabilidad y cambios de humor\n• Dolor de cabeza y fatiga\nEl síndrome premenstrual (PMS en inglés) es un grupo de síntomas físicos y emocionales que comienzan en los días previos al inicio de la menstruación. Muchas mujeres presentan síntomas de síndrome premenstrual, los cuales suelen desaparecer una vez que comienza su periodo.\nMuchas mujeres y niñas usan productos menstruales como toallas sanitarias, tampones, copas menstruales o ropa interior especial para manejar el sangrado durante su periodo. Cambiar o limpiar estos productos con frecuencia le ayudará a mantenerse cómoda e higiénica.\n¿Qué son las irregularidades menstruales?\nLas irregularidades menstruales son cambios en el ciclo menstrual habitual. Estas pueden incluir la ausencia de la menstruación, períodos irregulares o sangrado abundante. Algunas de las irregularidades menstruales comunes incluyen:\n• Amenorrea, que significa no tener el período\n• Oligomenorrea, que significa tener períodos que ocurren con menor frecuencia\n• Menorragia, que significa períodos con sangrado muy abundante\n• Sangrado menstrual prolongado, que ocurre cuando el período dura más de 8 días\n• Dismenorrea, que se refiere a períodos muy dolorosos que incluyen calambres severos\nMantenga el récord de su período cada mes. Esto puede ayudarle a entender su ciclo regular, saber cuándo esperar su próxima menstruación y notar cambios.\nConverse con su proveedor de servicios de salud si nota grandes cambios en su ciclo menstrual, sangrado demasiado abundante o dolor muy severo. Estos pueden ser signos de otras condiciones de salud que pueden requerir tratamiento.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0416","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"heavy-frequent-or-irregular-periods","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/heavy-frequent-or-irregular-periods","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N92","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Heavy, frequent or irregular periods","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Menstruație abundentă, frecventă sau neregulată","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"غزارة الطمث أو تكراره أو عدم انتظامه","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Silná, častá nebo nepravidelná menstruace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Starke, häufige oder unregelmäßige Regelblutung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βαριά, συχνή ή ακανόνιστη περίοδος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Menstruación abundante, frecuente o irregular","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Règles abondantes, fréquentes ou irrégulières","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"भारी, बार-बार या अनियमित मासिक धर्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Erős, gyakori vagy rendszertelen menstruáció","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mestruazioni abbondanti, frequenti o irregolari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"過多月経・頻発月経・不規則月経","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"과다월경, 빈발월경, 불규칙 월경","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Obfite, częste lub nieregularne miesiączki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Menstruação abundante, frequente ou irregular","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Обильные, частые или нерегулярные менструации","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Silná, častá alebo nepravidelná menštruácia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aşırı, sık veya düzensiz adet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рясні, часті або нерегулярні менструації","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"月经过多、过频和不规则","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Menstruation","text":"What is menstruation?\nMenstruation, also called a period, is normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of the monthly cycle in women and girls. Every month, the body prepares for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not happen, the uterus (womb) sheds its lining. This blood and tissue leave the body through the vagina.\nWhat is the menstrual cycle?\nThe menstrual cycle is the monthly process the body goes through to prepare for pregnancy. It is counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. Most menstrual cycles last about 28 days, but cycles can be shorter or longer and still be normal.\nWhen will my period start?\nMost girls start having a period between ages 9 and 15, but some may start earlier or later. A period usually lasts three to seven days and can be light or heavy. It may take a few years to become regular.\nYour period may change during times that affect hormones, such as after childbirth or while breastfeeding. Periods usually continue until menopause, which most often happens between ages 45 and 55.\nWhat are the symptoms of menstruation?\nIn addition to vaginal bleeding, you may have:\n• Cramping pain in the lower abdomen (belly) or pelvis\n• Lower back pain\n• Bloating\n• Sore breasts\n• Food cravings\n• Mood swings or irritability\n• Headaches or fatigue\nPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that can happen in the days before a period starts. Many women have some PMS symptoms, which usually go away after their period begins.\nMany women and girls use menstrual products such as pads, tampons, menstrual cups, or period underwear to manage bleeding during their period. Changing or cleaning these products often helps you stay comfortable and clean.\nWhat are menstrual irregularities?\nMenstrual irregularities are changes in the usual menstrual cycle. These may include missed periods, irregular periods, or heavy bleeding. Common menstrual irregularities include:\n• Amenorrhea means not having a period.\n• Oligomenorrhea means having periods that happen less often.\n• Menorrhagia means very heavy menstrual bleeding.\n• Prolonged menstrual bleeding occurs when periods regularly last longer than 8 days.\n• Dysmenorrhea refers to painful periods that may include severe cramps.\nKeep track of your period each month. This can help you understand your usual cycle, know when to expect your next period, and notice changes.\nTalk with your health care provider if you notice major changes in your menstrual cycle, very heavy bleeding, or severe pain. These may be signs of other health problems that need treatment.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Menstruación","text":"¿Qué es la menstruación?\nLa menstruación, también llamada período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de las mujeres y niñas. Cada mes el cuerpo se prepara para el embarazo y si este no ocurre, el útero expulsa su revestimiento. Esta sangre y tejido salen del cuerpo a través de la vagina.\n¿Qué es el ciclo menstrual?\nEl ciclo menstrual es el proceso mensual a través del cual el cuerpo se prepara para el embarazo. Se cuenta desde el primer día de una menstruación hasta el primer día de la siguiente. La mayoría de los ciclos menstruales duran alrededor de 28 días, pero los ciclos pueden ser más cortos o más largos y aun así ser normales.\n¿Cuándo comenzará mi período?\nLa mayoría de las niñas comienzan a menstruar entre los 9 y los 15 años, pero algunas podrían empezar antes o después. El período, por lo general, dura entre tres y siete días y puede ser leve o fuerte. Puede tomar varios años para que se vuelva regular.\nSu período puede cambiar durante etapas que afectan a las hormonas, como después del parto o mientras amamanta. Usualmente se mantiene hasta la menopausia, que para la mayoría de las mujeres ocurre entre los 45 y los 55 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menstruación?\nAdemás del sangrado vaginal, usted podría tener:\n• Dolores o calambres abdominales o pélvicos\n• Dolor de espalda baja\n• Hinchazón\n• Dolor en los senos\n• Antojo de algún alimento\n• Irritabilidad y cambios de humor\n• Dolor de cabeza y fatiga\nEl síndrome premenstrual (PMS en inglés) es un grupo de síntomas físicos y emocionales que comienzan en los días previos al inicio de la menstruación. Muchas mujeres presentan síntomas de síndrome premenstrual, los cuales suelen desaparecer una vez que comienza su periodo.\nMuchas mujeres y niñas usan productos menstruales como toallas sanitarias, tampones, copas menstruales o ropa interior especial para manejar el sangrado durante su periodo. Cambiar o limpiar estos productos con frecuencia le ayudará a mantenerse cómoda e higiénica.\n¿Qué son las irregularidades menstruales?\nLas irregularidades menstruales son cambios en el ciclo menstrual habitual. Estas pueden incluir la ausencia de la menstruación, períodos irregulares o sangrado abundante. Algunas de las irregularidades menstruales comunes incluyen:\n• Amenorrea, que significa no tener el período\n• Oligomenorrea, que significa tener períodos que ocurren con menor frecuencia\n• Menorragia, que significa períodos con sangrado muy abundante\n• Sangrado menstrual prolongado, que ocurre cuando el período dura más de 8 días\n• Dismenorrea, que se refiere a períodos muy dolorosos que incluyen calambres severos\nMantenga el récord de su período cada mes. Esto puede ayudarle a entender su ciclo regular, saber cuándo esperar su próxima menstruación y notar cambios.\nConverse con su proveedor de servicios de salud si nota grandes cambios en su ciclo menstrual, sangrado demasiado abundante o dolor muy severo. Estos pueden ser signos de otras condiciones de salud que pueden requerir tratamiento.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0417","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"period-pain-and-other-conditions-of-the-female-genital-organs-including-pms","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/period-pain-and-other-conditions-of-the-female-genital-organs-including-pms","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N94","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA34.Z","display":"Female pelvic pain associated with genital organs or menstrual cycle, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1024877043/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1024877043/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Period pain and other conditions of the female genital organs (including PMS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dureri menstruale și alte afecțiuni ale organelor genitale feminine (inclusiv SPM)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"آلام الدورة الشهرية وحالات أخرى في الأعضاء التناسلية الأنثوية (بما في ذلك متلازمة ما قبل الحيض)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolestivá menstruace a jiné obtíže ženských pohlavních orgánů (včetně PMS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Regelschmerzen und andere Beschwerden der weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane (einschließlich PMS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος περιόδου και άλλες καταστάσεις των γυναικείων γεννητικών οργάνων (περιλαμβάνεται το ΠΕΣ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor menstrual y otras afecciones de los órganos genitales femeninos (incluido el SPM)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Règles douloureuses et autres troubles des organes génitaux féminins (dont SPM)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मासिक धर्म का दर्द और महिला जननांगों की अन्य स्थितियाँ (पीएमएस सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Menstruációs fájdalom és a női nemi szervek egyéb panaszai (PMS is)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolori mestruali e altri disturbi degli organi genitali femminili (inclusa la sindrome premestruale)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"月経痛その他の女性生殖器の症状（PMSを含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"월경통 및 기타 여성 생식기 상태(월경전증후군 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bolesne miesiączki i inne dolegliwości żeńskich narządów płciowych (w tym PMS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor menstrual e outras condições dos órgãos genitais femininos (incluindo SPM)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Болезненные менструации и другие состояния женских половых органов (включая ПМС)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolestivá menštruácia a iné ťažkosti ženských pohlavných orgánov (vrátane PMS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Adet ağrısı ve kadın genital organlarının diğer durumları (PMS dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Болісні менструації та інші стани жіночих статевих органів (включно з ПМС)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"痛经及其他女性生殖器官病症（包括经前综合征）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Menstruation","text":"What is menstruation?\nMenstruation, also called a period, is normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of the monthly cycle in women and girls. Every month, the body prepares for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not happen, the uterus (womb) sheds its lining. This blood and tissue leave the body through the vagina.\nWhat is the menstrual cycle?\nThe menstrual cycle is the monthly process the body goes through to prepare for pregnancy. It is counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. Most menstrual cycles last about 28 days, but cycles can be shorter or longer and still be normal.\nWhen will my period start?\nMost girls start having a period between ages 9 and 15, but some may start earlier or later. A period usually lasts three to seven days and can be light or heavy. It may take a few years to become regular.\nYour period may change during times that affect hormones, such as after childbirth or while breastfeeding. Periods usually continue until menopause, which most often happens between ages 45 and 55.\nWhat are the symptoms of menstruation?\nIn addition to vaginal bleeding, you may have:\n• Cramping pain in the lower abdomen (belly) or pelvis\n• Lower back pain\n• Bloating\n• Sore breasts\n• Food cravings\n• Mood swings or irritability\n• Headaches or fatigue\nPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that can happen in the days before a period starts. Many women have some PMS symptoms, which usually go away after their period begins.\nMany women and girls use menstrual products such as pads, tampons, menstrual cups, or period underwear to manage bleeding during their period. Changing or cleaning these products often helps you stay comfortable and clean.\nWhat are menstrual irregularities?\nMenstrual irregularities are changes in the usual menstrual cycle. These may include missed periods, irregular periods, or heavy bleeding. Common menstrual irregularities include:\n• Amenorrhea means not having a period.\n• Oligomenorrhea means having periods that happen less often.\n• Menorrhagia means very heavy menstrual bleeding.\n• Prolonged menstrual bleeding occurs when periods regularly last longer than 8 days.\n• Dysmenorrhea refers to painful periods that may include severe cramps.\nKeep track of your period each month. This can help you understand your usual cycle, know when to expect your next period, and notice changes.\nTalk with your health care provider if you notice major changes in your menstrual cycle, very heavy bleeding, or severe pain. These may be signs of other health problems that need treatment.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Menstruación","text":"¿Qué es la menstruación?\nLa menstruación, también llamada período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de las mujeres y niñas. Cada mes el cuerpo se prepara para el embarazo y si este no ocurre, el útero expulsa su revestimiento. Esta sangre y tejido salen del cuerpo a través de la vagina.\n¿Qué es el ciclo menstrual?\nEl ciclo menstrual es el proceso mensual a través del cual el cuerpo se prepara para el embarazo. Se cuenta desde el primer día de una menstruación hasta el primer día de la siguiente. La mayoría de los ciclos menstruales duran alrededor de 28 días, pero los ciclos pueden ser más cortos o más largos y aun así ser normales.\n¿Cuándo comenzará mi período?\nLa mayoría de las niñas comienzan a menstruar entre los 9 y los 15 años, pero algunas podrían empezar antes o después. El período, por lo general, dura entre tres y siete días y puede ser leve o fuerte. Puede tomar varios años para que se vuelva regular.\nSu período puede cambiar durante etapas que afectan a las hormonas, como después del parto o mientras amamanta. Usualmente se mantiene hasta la menopausia, que para la mayoría de las mujeres ocurre entre los 45 y los 55 años.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menstruación?\nAdemás del sangrado vaginal, usted podría tener:\n• Dolores o calambres abdominales o pélvicos\n• Dolor de espalda baja\n• Hinchazón\n• Dolor en los senos\n• Antojo de algún alimento\n• Irritabilidad y cambios de humor\n• Dolor de cabeza y fatiga\nEl síndrome premenstrual (PMS en inglés) es un grupo de síntomas físicos y emocionales que comienzan en los días previos al inicio de la menstruación. Muchas mujeres presentan síntomas de síndrome premenstrual, los cuales suelen desaparecer una vez que comienza su periodo.\nMuchas mujeres y niñas usan productos menstruales como toallas sanitarias, tampones, copas menstruales o ropa interior especial para manejar el sangrado durante su periodo. Cambiar o limpiar estos productos con frecuencia le ayudará a mantenerse cómoda e higiénica.\n¿Qué son las irregularidades menstruales?\nLas irregularidades menstruales son cambios en el ciclo menstrual habitual. Estas pueden incluir la ausencia de la menstruación, períodos irregulares o sangrado abundante. Algunas de las irregularidades menstruales comunes incluyen:\n• Amenorrea, que significa no tener el período\n• Oligomenorrea, que significa tener períodos que ocurren con menor frecuencia\n• Menorragia, que significa períodos con sangrado muy abundante\n• Sangrado menstrual prolongado, que ocurre cuando el período dura más de 8 días\n• Dismenorrea, que se refiere a períodos muy dolorosos que incluyen calambres severos\nMantenga el récord de su período cada mes. Esto puede ayudarle a entender su ciclo regular, saber cuándo esperar su próxima menstruación y notar cambios.\nConverse con su proveedor de servicios de salud si nota grandes cambios en su ciclo menstrual, sangrado demasiado abundante o dolor muy severo. Estos pueden ser signos de otras condiciones de salud que pueden requerir tratamiento.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0418","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"menopause-and-perimenopause-disorders","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/menopause-and-perimenopause-disorders","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N95","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA30.Z","display":"Menopausal or perimenopausal disorders, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1482533991/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1482533991/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Menopause and perimenopause disorders","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări ale menopauzei și perimenopauzei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات انقطاع الطمث وما حوله","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy menopauzy a perimenopauzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Wechseljahresbeschwerden (Menopause und Perimenopause)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές της εμμηνόπαυσης και περιεμμηνόπαυσης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos de la menopausia y la perimenopausia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de la ménopause et de la périménopause","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रजोनिवृत्ति और पेरिमेनोपॉज़ के विकार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Változókori (menopauza körüli) panaszok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi della menopausa e della perimenopausa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"閉経期・更年期の障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"폐경 및 폐경 주변기 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia menopauzy i okresu okołomenopauzalnego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios da menopausa e perimenopausa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушения менопаузы и перименопаузы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy menopauzy a perimenopauzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Menopoz ve perimenopoz bozuklukları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення менопаузи та перименопаузи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"绝经和围绝经期疾病","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Menopause","text":"What is menopause?\nMenopause is the time in your life when you stop having your period and can no longer get pregnant. You have reached menopause when you have not had a period for 12 months.\nThe time leading up to menopause is called the menopausal transition, or perimenopause. This transition usually begins when you are in your 40s, but sometimes it can start earlier. It can last for several years. The most common age for reaching menopause is between 45 and 55 years old.\nWhat is early and premature menopause?\nEarly and premature menopause happens when your ovaries stop making hormones and your periods stop at a younger age than usual. When menopause happens before age 40, it's called premature menopause. If menopause happens before age 45, it's called early menopause.\nThis can happen on its own (with no known cause). It can also happen because of surgery to remove the ovaries. Surgery to remove the uterus alone will cause your periods to stop, but it does not cause menopause unless the ovaries are also removed. Medical treatments such as chemotherapy or hormone therapy used to treat breast cancer may also cause menopause to start earlier than usual.\nA condition called primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) happens when your ovaries stop working normally before you are age 40. But this condition is different from early menopause. If you have POI, you may still have periods, even though they might not come regularly. And you might still be able to get pregnant.\nOther reasons for early or premature menopause can include:\n• A family history of early or premature menopause\n• Smoking\n• Certain health conditions\nWhat are the symptoms of menopause?\nDuring the menopausal transition, your ovaries start to make less of the estrogen and progesterone hormones. The changes in these hormones cause the symptoms of menopause, which can include:\n• A change in your periods; they may be:\n• Irregular, with more or less time in between periods.\n• Shorter or longer.\n• Lighter or heavier.\n• Hot flashes, a sudden warm feeling in your face, neck, and chest. They may cause you to sweat. If they happen at night and cause sweating, they are called night sweats.\n• Trouble sleeping, such as trouble falling asleep or getting back to sleep when you wake up. Over time, a lack of sleep can lead to fatigue and memory problems.\n• Vaginal dryness, which may cause pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.\n• Mood changes, which can make you feel moody, anxious, or more irritable.\n• Bladder issues, such as urinary incontinence (loss of bladder control) and urinary tract infections (UTIs).\nYou may also have other physical changes which could put you at risk for certain diseases. For example, the loss of estrogen can:\n• Cause you to lose bone density. This can lead to osteoporosis, a condition that causes bones to become weak and break easily.\n• Raise your cholesterol levels and increase your risk of heart disease and stroke.\nWhat are the treatments for the symptoms of menopause?\nYou may not need treatment for the symptoms of menopause. But if you do, there are several different types of treatments:\nLifestyle changes\nYou may find that you can manage your symptoms with lifestyle changes. Here are some changes that might make you feel better:\n• If you have hot flashes, dress in layers that can be removed at the start of a hot flash. You may want to carry a portable fan to use when you get a hot flash.\n• Avoid alcohol, spicy foods, and caffeine. They can make your menopause symptoms worse.\n• If you smoke, try to quit, not only for hot flashes, but for your overall health.\n• Try to maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or having obesity can make hot flashes worse.\n• Have good sleep habits. Keep your bedroom dark, quiet, and cool.\n• Get regular exercise. It can help you sleep better, improve your mood, and help lower your risk for many age-related diseases.\n• Lower stress, for example by using relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and muscle relaxation exercises.\nIf lifestyle changes are not enough to improve your symptoms, you may want to contact your health care provider. They will talk to you about your symptoms, family and medical history, and preferences. They also can explain the risks and benefits of the treatments.\nNon-hormone treatments\nThere are various non-hormone treatments for menopause symptoms, such as:\n• Medicines for hot flashes, including certain antidepressants, a medicine just for hot flashes, an antiseizure medicine, and a blood pressure medicine. Some of these medicines may also help with sleep problems.\n• Medicines for urinary incontinence.\n• Medicines to treat or help prevent osteoporosis.\n• Low-dose birth control pills for very heavy bleeding or periods that are close together.\n• Water-based lubricants to treat vaginal dryness.\n• Medicines for painful intercourse that is caused by vaginal changes from menopause.\n• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of talk therapy, for trouble sleeping.\nHormone treatments\nAnother treatment for menopause symptoms is hormone therapy for menopause. It may also be called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This treatment is usually with estrogen or estrogen plus progestin (a type of progesterone that's made in a lab). It can be given in pills, skin patches, rings, implants, gels, or creams. It may be used to treat symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness and to help prevent osteoporosis.\nLike all medicines, hormone therapy for menopause has benefits and risks. Talk with your provider about whether it is safe for you. If you decide to take it, your provider may recommend taking the lowest dose that works for the shortest time needed.\nSupplements, herbs, and \"natural\" hormone creams\nThere are various products that are marketed for menopause symptoms. They include supplements, herbs, and over-the-counter \"natural\" hormone creams. There has been research on many of these products, but the results are mixed. Some studies suggest they may help, while others show little or no benefit. Also, there is little information on the long-term safety of these products. Some supplements can have harmful side effects or interact with medicines. Check with your provider before you take any of them.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Menopausia","text":"¿Qué es la menopausia?\nLa menopausia es el momento de la vida en el que deja de menstruar y ya no puede quedar embarazada. La menopausia llega cuando no ha tenido un período menstrual (regla) por 12 meses.\nEl tiempo que lleva a la menopausia se llama transición menopáusica o perimenopausia. Esta transición suele comenzar alrededor de los 40 años, pero a veces puede comenzar antes y durar varios años. La edad más común para llegar a la menopausia es entre los 45 y los 55 años.\n¿Qué es la menopausia temprana y prematura?\nLa menopausia temprana y prematura ocurren cuando los ovarios dejan de producir hormonas y sus períodos se detienen a una edad más temprana de lo usual. Cuando la menopausia ocurre antes de los 40 años, se llama menopausia prematura. Si la menopausia ocurre antes de los 45 años, se llama menopausia temprana.\nEsto puede ocurrir por sí solo (sin una causa conocida). También puede suceder debido a una cirugía para extirpar los ovarios. La cirugía para extirpar únicamente el útero hará que sus periodos se detengan, pero no provoca la menopausia a menos que también se extirpen los ovarios. Los tratamientos médicos como la quimioterapia o la terapia hormonal usados para tratar el cáncer de seno también pueden provocar que la menopausia empiece antes de lo usual.\nUna afección llamada insuficiencia ovárica primaria (IOP) ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de funcionar normalmente antes de los 40 años. Pero este problema es diferente de la menopausia temprana. Si tiene IOP, es posible que aún tenga períodos menstruales, aunque sean irregulares. Y es posible que aún pueda quedar embarazada.\nOtras razones para la menopausia temprana o prematura pueden incluir:\n• Antecedentes familiares de menopausia temprana o prematura\n• Fumar\n• Ciertas afecciones de salud\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menopausia?\nDurante la transición a la menopausia, los ovarios comienzan a producir menos hormonas de estrógeno y progesterona. Los cambios en estas hormonas causan los síntomas de la menopausia, los que pueden incluir:\n• Un cambio en los períodos menstruales; los que pueden ser:\n• Irregulares, con más o menos tiempo entre períodos menstruales\n• Más cortos o más largos\n• Más ligeros o más abundantes\n• Sofocos: Sensación repentina de calor en la cara, el cuello y el pecho. Pueden causar sudoración. Si ocurren por la noche y provocan sudor, se conocen como sudores nocturnos\n• Problemas para dormir: Incluye dificultad para conciliar el sueño o para volver a dormirse al despertarse. Con el tiempo, la falta de sueño puede provocar fatiga y problemas de memoria\n• Sequedad vaginal: Puede causar dolor o malestar durante las relaciones sexuales\n• Cambios de humor: Pueden hacer que se sienta malhumorada, ansiosa o más irritable\n• Problemas de vejiga: Incluyen incontinencia urinaria (pérdida del control de la vejiga) e infecciones de las vías urinarias\nTambién puede tener otros cambios físicos que podrían ponerla en riesgo de ciertas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, la pérdida de estrógeno puede:\n• Hacerle perder densidad ósea: Esto puede provocar osteoporosis, una afección que hace que los huesos se debiliten y se rompan fácilmente\n• Aumentar sus niveles de colesterol y aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca y accidente cerebrovascular\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los síntomas de la menopausia?\nEs posible que no necesite tratamiento para los síntomas de la menopausia. Pero si lo necesita, existen varios tipos diferentes:\nCambios en el estilo de vida\nEs posible que descubra que puede controlar sus síntomas con cambios en el estilo de vida. Algunos cambios que pueden hacerla sentir mejor incluyen:\n• Si tiene sofocos, vístase con varias capas que pueda quitarse al comienzo de un sofoco. Es posible que desee portar un ventilador portátil para usarlo cuando tenga un sofoco\n• Evite el alcohol, las comidas picantes y la cafeína. Pueden empeorar los síntomas de la menopausia\n• Si fuma, intente dejarlo, no solo por los sofocos, sino por su salud en general\n• Trate de mantener un peso saludable: El sobrepeso o la obesidad pueden empeorar los sofocos\n• Tenga buenos hábitos de sueño: Mantenga su dormitorio oscuro, tranquilo y fresco\n• Haga ejercicio con regularidad: Puede ayudarla a dormir mejor, mejorar su estado de ánimo y ayudar a bajar el riesgo de muchas enfermedades relacionadas con la edad\n• Reduzca el estrés mediante técnicas de relajación como la meditación, la respiración profunda y los ejercicios de relajación muscular, por ejemplo\nSi los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para mejorar sus síntomas, puede acudir a su profesional de la salud. Éste le hablará sobre sus síntomas, antecedentes familiares y médicos, y preferencias. También puede explicarle los riesgos y beneficios de los tratamientos.\nTratamientos no hormonales\nExisten varios tratamientos no hormonales para los síntomas de la menopausia, como:\n• Medicamentos para los sofocos, incluyendo ciertos antidepresivos, un medicamento solo para los sofocos, un medicamento anticonvulsivo y un medicamento para la presión arterial. Algunos de estos medicamentos también pueden ayudar con los problemas para dormir\n• Medicamentos para la incontinencia urinaria\n• Medicamentos para tratar o ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis\n• Pastillas anticonceptivas de dosis baja para sangrados muy abundantes o períodos menstruales muy seguidos\n• Lubricantes a base de agua para tratar la sequedad vaginal\n• Medicamentos para las relaciones sexuales dolorosas causadas por los cambios vaginales de la menopausia\n• Terapia cognitivo conductual, un tipo de terapia de conversación, para los problemas de sueño\nTratamientos hormonales\nOtro tratamiento para estos síntomas es la terapia hormonal para la menopausia. También conoce como terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH). En general, este tratamiento se realiza con estrógeno o estrógeno más progestina (un tipo de progesterona que se produce en un laboratorio). La terapia hormonal se puede administrar en pastillas, parches para la piel, anillos, implantes, gel o cremas. Se puede usar para tratar síntomas como sofocos y sequedad vaginal y para ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis.\nAl igual que todos los medicamentos, la terapia hormonal para la menopausia tiene beneficios y riesgos. Hable con su profesional de la salud para saber si es segura para usted. Si decide tomarla, su proveedor de atención médica puede recomendarle que tome la dosis más baja que funcione durante el menor tiempo posible.\nSuplementos, hierbas y cremas hormonales \"naturales\"\nExisten varios productos en el mercado para los síntomas de la menopausia. Estos incluyen suplementos, hierbas y cremas hormonales \"naturales\" de venta libre. Se han hecho investigaciones sobre muchos de estos productos, pero los resultados son mixtos. Algunos estudios sugieren que podrían ayudar, mientras que otros muestran poco o ningún beneficio. Además, hay poca información sobre la seguridad a largo plazo de estos productos. Algunos suplementos pueden tener efectos secundarios dañinos o pueden interactuar con medicamentos. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de tomar cualquiera de ellos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0097","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Menopause — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0123","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Menopause — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0132","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Menopause — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0419","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"recurrent-miscarriage","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/recurrent-miscarriage","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N96","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"GA33","display":"Recurrent pregnancy loss","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/753990808","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#753990808"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Recurrent miscarriage","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Avorturi spontane recurente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإجهاض المتكرر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Opakované potraty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Habituelle Fehlgeburten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καθ' έξιν αποβολές","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Abortos de repetición","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fausses couches à répétition","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बार-बार गर्भपात","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Habituális vetélés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aborto ricorrente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"習慣流産","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"습관성 유산","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nawykowe poronienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Abortos de repetição","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Привычное невынашивание беременности","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Opakované potraty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tekrarlayan düşük","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Звичне невиношування вагітності","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"复发性流产","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Miscarriage","text":"What is a miscarriage?\nA miscarriage is an unexpected loss of pregnancy before the 20th week. Most miscarriages happen very early in the pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant.\nWhat causes a miscarriage?\nA miscarriage can happen in any pregnancy. Most miscarriages occur because the fetus doesn't develop properly. This is often linked to a genetic problem with the fetus, such as an extra or missing chromosome.\nIn many cases, the cause of a miscarriage is unknown. Some possible factors that may increase the chance of a miscarriage can include:\n• Problems with the uterus or cervix\n• Chronic diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome\n• Genetic problems with the fetus\n• Pregnancy after 35 years of age\n• Smoking, drug or alcohol use\n• Certain chronic (long-term) health conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes\n• Severe malnutrition\nWhat are the signs of a miscarriage?\nThe signs of a miscarriage may be different for everyone and can vary based on how far along you are in your pregnancy.\nSigns of a miscarriage can include:\n• Vaginal spotting or bleeding with or without pain. Some women may have some spotting in early pregnancy and don't miscarry. To be sure, contact your provider right away if you have any bleeding.\n• Dark-colored vaginal discharge.\n• A gush of fluid or tissue from your vagina.\n• Cramping or pain in your abdomen (belly) or lower back.\nSometimes, it's hard to know what's normal during pregnancy. If something seems unusual or is worrying you, talk to your provider.\nHow is a miscarriage diagnosed?\nTo check if you have had a miscarriage, your provider may do the following:\n• A pelvic exam to check your cervix.\n• Blood tests to check things such as the amount of blood loss and confirm pregnancy.\n• An ultrasound to check the fetus.\nWhat is the treatment for a miscarriage?\nTreatment after a miscarriage often depends on when it occurs during the pregnancy. If you miscarry early in your pregnancy, you may not need any treatment. If you are 12 or more weeks pregnant, you may need a shot to prevent problems with the Rh factor in future pregnancies.\nIn some cases, tissue is left in the uterus. If you don't have any signs of infection, your provider may recommend waiting for the tissue to pass naturally. If you need treatment to remove the tissue, it can include:\n• Medicines\n• A procedure called dilatation and curettage (D&C) or vacuum aspiration\nNo matter when it occurs, losing a pregnancy can be difficult. Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you decide to try to get pregnant again, talk with your provider to understand any risks. Many women who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy pregnancies later.\nCan a miscarriage be prevented?\nMiscarriage can affect anyone and often can't be prevented. Focus on taking good care of yourself and start prenatal care visits early in your pregnancy.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pérdida del embarazo","text":"¿Qué es la pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nLa pérdida del embarazo, también llamada aborto espontáneo, es la que sucede antes de la semana 20 del embarazo. La mayoría de los abortos espontáneos ocurren muy temprano en el embarazo, a menudo antes de que la mujer sepa que está embarazada.\n¿Qué causa la pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nUn aborto espontáneo puede ocurrir en cualquier embarazo. La mayoría ocurre porque el feto no se desarrolla correctamente. Esto por lo general se relaciona con problemas genéticos del feto, como la falta o el exceso de un cromosoma.\nEn muchos casos se desconoce qué causa la pérdida del embarazo. Algunos de los factores que podrían aumentar el riesgo de un aborto espontáneo incluyen:\n• Problemas con el útero o el cuello uterino\n• Enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo el síndrome de ovario poliquístico\n• Problemas genéticos del feto\n• Embarazarse luego de los 35 años\n• El uso de cigarrillos, drogas o alcohol\n• Ciertas condiciones de salud crónicas (de larga duración), como una diabetes no controlada\n• Desnutrición severa\n¿Cuáles son las señales de una pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nLas señales de una pérdida del embarazo son diferentes en cada caso y pueden variar según que avanzada esté la gestación.\nLas señales incluyen:\n• Manchado o sangrado vaginal con o sin dolor. Algunas mujeres pueden presentar manchado en las fases tempranas del embarazo y no tener un aborto espontáneo. Para asegurarse, contacte a su proveedor de servicios de salud de inmediato en caso de sangrado\n• Flujo vaginal de color oscuro\n• Un chorro de fluido o tejido que sale de la vagina\n• Calambres o dolores en el abdomen o la espalda baja\nEn ocasiones es difícil saber qué es normal durante el embarazo. Si algo le parece inusual o le preocupa, hable con su proveedor de servicios de salud.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica una pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nPara revisar si tiene un aborto espontáneo, su proveedor puede realizar lo siguiente:\n• Un examen pélvico para evaluar el cuello uterino\n• Pruebas de sangre para revisar factores como la cantidad de sangre pérdida y para confirmar el embarazo\n• Un ultrasonido para ver la condición del feto\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para una pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nEl tratamiento para una pérdida del embarazo con frecuencia depende del momento de la gestación en el que ocurra. Si sucede en la fase temprana, puede que no requiera tratamiento. Si usted ya tiene 12 semanas o más de embarazo, podría necesitar una inyección para prevenir problemas con el factor Rh en el futuro.\nEn algunos casos, queda tejido en el útero. Si usted no tiene síntomas de infección, su proveedor puede recomendar esperar hasta que el tejido sea expulsado naturalmente. En caso de necesitar tratamiento para remover el tejido, éste puede incluir:\n• Medicinas\n• Un procedimiento llamado dilatación y curetaje o aspirado\nSin importar cuándo ocurra, un aborto espontáneo puede ser difícil. La asesoría psicológica puede serle de ayuda para enfrentar el duelo. Más adelante, si decide intentar embarazarse de nuevo, converse con su proveedor de atención médica para entender los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que tienen abortos espontáneos pueden tener embarazos saludables en el futuro.\n¿Se puede prevenir la pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nLas pérdidas del embarazo pueden afectar a cualquiera y con frecuencia no pueden prevenirse. Se recomienda concentrarse en el cuidado personal y comenzar las visitas prenatales temprano.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0420","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"female-infertility","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/female-infertility","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N97","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Female Infertility","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infertilidad en la mujer","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infertilitate feminină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"العقم عند الإناث","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ženská neplodnost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Weibliche Unfruchtbarkeit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γυναικεία υπογονιμότητα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infertilité féminine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"महिला बांझपन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Női meddőség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infertilità femminile","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"女性不妊症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"여성 불임","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niepłodność żeńska","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infertilidade feminina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Женское бесплодие","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ženská neplodnosť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kadın kısırlığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Жіноче безпліддя","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"女性不孕","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Infertility, Female"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Female Infertility","text":"Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after at least one year of trying (or 6 months if the woman is over age 35). If a woman keeps having miscarriages, it is also called infertility. Female infertility can result from age, physical problems, hormone problems, and lifestyle or environmental factors.\nMost cases of infertility in women result from problems with producing eggs. In primary ovarian insufficiency, the ovaries stop functioning before natural menopause. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the ovaries may not release an egg regularly or they may not release a healthy egg.\nAbout a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the woman. One third of the time, it is a problem with the man. Sometimes no cause can be found.\nIf you think you might be infertile, see your doctor. There are tests that may tell if you have fertility problems. When it is possible to find the cause, treatments may include medicines, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies.\nDept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Infertilidad en la mujer","text":"Infertilidad es un término que los profesionales de la salud usan cuando una mujer no ha podido quedar embarazada después de haberlo intentado por lo menos por un año (o seis meses si la mujer es mayor de 35 años). Si una mujer sigue teniendo abortos pérdidas del embarazo, también se conoce como infertilidad. Si una mujer tiene varios abortos espontáneos, eso también es infertilidad. La infertilidad femenina puede ser causada por la edad, problemas físicos, hormonales, por el estilo de vida o factores ambientales.\nLa mayoría de los casos de infertilidad femenina son a causa de problemas de ovulación. En la insuficiencia ovárica primaria, los ovarios dejan de funcionar antes de la menopausia natural. En el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, los ovarios no liberan un óvulo con regularidad o no pueden liberar un óvulo sano.\nAlrededor de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad ocurre por un problema con la mujer. Otro tercio de los casos, es por un problema con el hombre. A veces, no se puede encontrar una causa.\nSi piensa que es infértil, consulte con su profesional de la salud. Existen exámenes que pueden determinar si usted tiene un problema de infertilidad. Cuando es posible encontrar la causa, los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o tecnologías de reproducción asistida. Afortunadamente, muchas de las parejas tratadas por infertilidad pueden tener bebés.\nOficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0058","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0139","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0147","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0212","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0421","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"complications-of-assisted-reproduction","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/complications-of-assisted-reproduction","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"N98","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Complications of assisted reproduction","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Complicații ale fertilizării artificiale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مضاعفات الإخصاب الاصطناعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Komplikace umělého oplodnění","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Komplikationen der künstlichen Befruchtung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιπλοκές της υποβοηθούμενης αναπαραγωγής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Complicaciones de la reproducción asistida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Complications de la procréation médicalement assistée","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सहायक प्रजनन की जटिलताएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A mesterséges megtermékenyítés szövődményei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Complicanze della fecondazione assistita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"生殖補助医療の合併症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"보조생식술 합병증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powikłania sztucznego zapłodnienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Complicações da procriação medicamente assistida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осложнения искусственного оплодотворения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Komplikácie umelého oplodnenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yardımcı üreme tekniklerinin komplikasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ускладнення штучного запліднення","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"辅助生殖并发症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Assisted Reproductive Technology","text":"Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both eggs and sperm. It works by removing eggs from the ovaries. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the parent's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.\nART procedures sometimes use donor eggs, donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. It may also involve a surrogate or gestational carrier. A surrogate becomes pregnant with sperm from one partner of the couple. A gestational carrier becomes pregnant with an egg from one partner and sperm from the other partner.\nThe most common complication of ART is a multiple pregnancy. It can be prevented or minimized by limiting the number of embryos that are put into the parent's body.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tecnología de reproducción asistida","text":"La tecnología de reproducción asistida se usa para tratar la infertilidad. Incluye tratamientos de fertilidad que manejan tanto los óvulos como los espermatozoides. Consiste en extraer los óvulos de los ovarios. Luego, los óvulos se mezclan con esperma para producir embriones. Luego los embriones se colocan en el cuerpo de la progenitora. La fertilización in vitro es el tipo más común y eficaz de tecnología de reproducción asistida.\nLos procedimientos de tecnología de reproducción asistida a veces usan óvulos de donantes, un donante de esperma o embriones previamente congelados. También pueden utilizar una progenitora subrogada tradicional o gestacional. Una subrogada tradicional queda embarazada con el esperma de uno de los miembros de la pareja. Una subrogada gestacional queda embarazada con un óvulo de un miembro de la pareja y esperma de la otra.\nLa complicación más común de tecnología de reproducción asistida es un embarazo múltiple. Se puede prevenir o minimizar limitando el número de embriones que se colocan en el cuerpo de la progenitora.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0422","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"ectopic-pregnancy-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/ectopic-pregnancy-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O00","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JA01.Z","display":"Ectopic pregnancy, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1563334645/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1563334645/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarcină extrauterină (ectopică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمل خارج الرحم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mimoděložní těhotenství","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eileiterschwangerschaft (Extrauteringravidität)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Έκτοπη κύηση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Embarazo ectópico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grossesse extra-utérine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अस्थानिक गर्भावस्था","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhen kívüli terhesség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gravidanza ectopica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"異所性妊娠（子宮外妊娠）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자궁외 임신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ciąża pozamaciczna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gravidez ectópica","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Внематочная беременность","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mimomaternicové tehotenstvo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dış gebelik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Позаматкова вагітність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"异位妊娠（宫外孕）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ectopic pregnancy","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ectopic Pregnancy","text":"What is an ectopic pregnancy?\nThe uterus, or womb, is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy. In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg grows in the wrong place outside the uterus. It usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. These tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. Sometimes, an ectopic pregnancy can occur in the ovaries, abdominal cavity, or the lower part of the uterus (cervix).\nEctopic pregnancies can't end in a healthy pregnancy because the egg cannot grow. If the pregnancy continues, the fallopian tube can burst. This can cause internal bleeding, which can be a life-threatening emergency that needs immediate surgery.\nWhat increases my risk of an ectopic pregnancy?\nAn ectopic pregnancy often happens because there is a problem with your fallopian tubes. But sometimes it's not clear why an ectopic pregnancy happens.\nFactors that may increase your risk for an ectopic pregnancy can include:\n• Previous ectopic pregnancy\n• Prior pelvic, abdominal, or fallopian tube surgery\n• Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs)\n• Pelvic inflammatory disease\n• Endometriosis\n• Becoming pregnant while using an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control\n• Becoming pregnant after a tubal ligation\nOther factors that may increase your risk can include:\n• Smoking\n• Being older than age 35\n• Infertility treatments\nWhat are the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?\nYou may not notice any symptoms at first. Or you may have some of the usual signs of pregnancy such as a missed period, breast tenderness, or nausea.\nEarly signs of an ectopic pregnancy may be light vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. Ectopic pregnancy can be a medical emergency. Get medical care right away if you have these signs:\n• Abdominal (belly) pain\n• Shoulder pain\n• Vaginal bleeding\n• Feeling dizzy or faint\nHow is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?\nAn ectopic pregnancy can't be diagnosed without blood tests and an ultrasound. Your health care provider will do a pregnancy test to confirm that you're pregnant. They may do a pelvic exam to check for areas of pain, tenderness, or a mass.\nWhat is the treatment for an ectopic pregnancy?\nAn ectopic pregnancy needs treatment to stop any damage to your organs. Your provider will use medicine or surgery to take out the ectopic tissue.\nLosing a pregnancy can be devastating. An ectopic pregnancy is like a miscarriage, but it must be treated to prevent problems. People cope with grief in different ways. It may be helpful to discuss your feelings with your provider or a counselor. Many women who have had ectopic pregnancies go on to have healthy pregnancies later.\nDept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Embarazo ectópico","text":"¿Qué es un embarazo ectópico?\nEl útero, o matriz, es el órgano donde el bebé crece durante el embarazo. En un embarazo ectópico, el óvulo fertilizado crece en un lugar equivocado, fuera del útero. Por lo general ocurre en las trompas de Falopio, que son unos pequeños tubos que movilizan los óvulos de los ovarios hacia el útero. A veces un embarazo ectópico puede alojarse en los ovarios, la cavidad abdominal o en el cuello uterino.\nLos embarazos ectópicos no pueden terminar saludablemente porque el óvulo no puede puede crecer. Si el embarazo continua, la trompa de Falopio puede romperse. Esto causa una hemorragia interna que puede ser una emergencia que puede causar la muerte y requiere cirugía inmediata.\n¿Qué aumenta el riesgo de un embarazo ectópico?\nUsualmente ocurre porque hay problemas en las trompas de Falopio. En otros casos, no hay causas claras de por qué ocurre.\nAlgunos de los factores que podrían aumentar su riesgo de tener un embarazo ectópico incluyen:\n• Haber tenido embarazos ectópicos antes\n• Cirugías abdominales, pélvicas o de las trompas de Falopio previas\n• Algunas enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETI)\n• Tener enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP)\n• Endometriosis\n• Quedar embarazada mientras usa un dispositivo intrauterino (DIU)\n• Quedar embarazada después de una ligadura de trompas\nOtros factores que pueden incrementar su riesgo son:\n• Fumar\n• Tener más de 35 años\n• Tratamientos de infertilidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un embarazo ectópico?\nPuede que usted no note síntomas al comienzo. También podría tener las señales comunes del embarazo, como ausencia de la menstruación, sensibilidad en las mamas o nauseas.\nLas señales tempranas de un embarazo ectópico podrían ser un ligero sangrado vaginal y dolor pélvico. Un embarazo ectópico puede ser una emergencia médica. Busque atención médica inmediata si presenta estas señales:\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Dolor en los hombros\n• Sangrado vaginal\n• Sensación de mareo o desmayo\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un embarazo ectópico?\nUn embarazo ectópico no puede diagnosticarse sin realizarle análisis de sangre y una ecografía. Su profesional de la salud le hará una prueba de embarazo para confirmar que está gestando. Es posible que le haga un examen pélvico para detectar zonas de dolor, sensibilidad o alguna masa.\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un embarazo ectópico?\nUn embarazo ectópico necesita tratamiento para detener cualquier daño a sus órganos. Su proveedor usará medicamentos o cirugía para extirpar el tejido ectópico y así no dañar otros órganos.\nLa pérdida de un embarazo puede ser devastadora. Un embarazo ectópico similar a un aborto espontáneo, pero debe tratarse para evitar problemas. Cada persona afronta el duelo de distintas maneras. Puede ser útil hablar de sus sentimientos con su proveedor o con un consejero. Muchas mujeres que han tenido embarazos ectópicos vuelven a tener embarazos sanos más adelante.\nOficina para la Salud de la Mujer del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0423","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"molar-pregnancy-hydatidiform-mole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/molar-pregnancy-hydatidiform-mole","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O01","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JA02.Z","display":"Molar pregnancy, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/946166369/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#946166369/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarcină molară (molă hidatiformă)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمل العنقودي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hydatidózní mola","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Blasenmole (Molenschwangerschaft)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μύλη κύηση (υδατιδώδης μύλη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mola hidatiforme (embarazo molar)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Môle hydatiforme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मोलर गर्भावस्था","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hólyagos üszög (mola hydatidosa)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mola idatiforme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胞状奇胎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"포상기태","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaśniad groniasty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mola hidatiforme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пузырный занос","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hydatidózna mola","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mol gebelik (hidatiform mol)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Міхуровий занесок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"葡萄胎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0424","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"miscarriage-spontaneous-abortion","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/miscarriage-spontaneous-abortion","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O03","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Avort spontan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإجهاض التلقائي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Samovolný potrat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fehlgeburt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αυτόματη αποβολή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aborto espontáneo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fausse couche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भपात (स्वतः)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vetélés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aborto spontaneo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"自然流産","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"자연 유산","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Poronienie samoistne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aborto espontâneo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Самопроизвольный выкидыш","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spontánny potrat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Düşük (kendiliğinden)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мимовільний викидень","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"自然流产","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Miscarriage","text":"What is a miscarriage?\nA miscarriage is an unexpected loss of pregnancy before the 20th week. Most miscarriages happen very early in the pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant.\nWhat causes a miscarriage?\nA miscarriage can happen in any pregnancy. Most miscarriages occur because the fetus doesn't develop properly. This is often linked to a genetic problem with the fetus, such as an extra or missing chromosome.\nIn many cases, the cause of a miscarriage is unknown. Some possible factors that may increase the chance of a miscarriage can include:\n• Problems with the uterus or cervix\n• Chronic diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome\n• Genetic problems with the fetus\n• Pregnancy after 35 years of age\n• Smoking, drug or alcohol use\n• Certain chronic (long-term) health conditions, such as uncontrolled diabetes\n• Severe malnutrition\nWhat are the signs of a miscarriage?\nThe signs of a miscarriage may be different for everyone and can vary based on how far along you are in your pregnancy.\nSigns of a miscarriage can include:\n• Vaginal spotting or bleeding with or without pain. Some women may have some spotting in early pregnancy and don't miscarry. To be sure, contact your provider right away if you have any bleeding.\n• Dark-colored vaginal discharge.\n• A gush of fluid or tissue from your vagina.\n• Cramping or pain in your abdomen (belly) or lower back.\nSometimes, it's hard to know what's normal during pregnancy. If something seems unusual or is worrying you, talk to your provider.\nHow is a miscarriage diagnosed?\nTo check if you have had a miscarriage, your provider may do the following:\n• A pelvic exam to check your cervix.\n• Blood tests to check things such as the amount of blood loss and confirm pregnancy.\n• An ultrasound to check the fetus.\nWhat is the treatment for a miscarriage?\nTreatment after a miscarriage often depends on when it occurs during the pregnancy. If you miscarry early in your pregnancy, you may not need any treatment. If you are 12 or more weeks pregnant, you may need a shot to prevent problems with the Rh factor in future pregnancies.\nIn some cases, tissue is left in the uterus. If you don't have any signs of infection, your provider may recommend waiting for the tissue to pass naturally. If you need treatment to remove the tissue, it can include:\n• Medicines\n• A procedure called dilatation and curettage (D&C) or vacuum aspiration\nNo matter when it occurs, losing a pregnancy can be difficult. Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you decide to try to get pregnant again, talk with your provider to understand any risks. Many women who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy pregnancies later.\nCan a miscarriage be prevented?\nMiscarriage can affect anyone and often can't be prevented. Focus on taking good care of yourself and start prenatal care visits early in your pregnancy.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pérdida del embarazo","text":"¿Qué es la pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nLa pérdida del embarazo, también llamada aborto espontáneo, es la que sucede antes de la semana 20 del embarazo. La mayoría de los abortos espontáneos ocurren muy temprano en el embarazo, a menudo antes de que la mujer sepa que está embarazada.\n¿Qué causa la pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nUn aborto espontáneo puede ocurrir en cualquier embarazo. La mayoría ocurre porque el feto no se desarrolla correctamente. Esto por lo general se relaciona con problemas genéticos del feto, como la falta o el exceso de un cromosoma.\nEn muchos casos se desconoce qué causa la pérdida del embarazo. Algunos de los factores que podrían aumentar el riesgo de un aborto espontáneo incluyen:\n• Problemas con el útero o el cuello uterino\n• Enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo el síndrome de ovario poliquístico\n• Problemas genéticos del feto\n• Embarazarse luego de los 35 años\n• El uso de cigarrillos, drogas o alcohol\n• Ciertas condiciones de salud crónicas (de larga duración), como una diabetes no controlada\n• Desnutrición severa\n¿Cuáles son las señales de una pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nLas señales de una pérdida del embarazo son diferentes en cada caso y pueden variar según que avanzada esté la gestación.\nLas señales incluyen:\n• Manchado o sangrado vaginal con o sin dolor. Algunas mujeres pueden presentar manchado en las fases tempranas del embarazo y no tener un aborto espontáneo. Para asegurarse, contacte a su proveedor de servicios de salud de inmediato en caso de sangrado\n• Flujo vaginal de color oscuro\n• Un chorro de fluido o tejido que sale de la vagina\n• Calambres o dolores en el abdomen o la espalda baja\nEn ocasiones es difícil saber qué es normal durante el embarazo. Si algo le parece inusual o le preocupa, hable con su proveedor de servicios de salud.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica una pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nPara revisar si tiene un aborto espontáneo, su proveedor puede realizar lo siguiente:\n• Un examen pélvico para evaluar el cuello uterino\n• Pruebas de sangre para revisar factores como la cantidad de sangre pérdida y para confirmar el embarazo\n• Un ultrasonido para ver la condición del feto\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para una pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nEl tratamiento para una pérdida del embarazo con frecuencia depende del momento de la gestación en el que ocurra. Si sucede en la fase temprana, puede que no requiera tratamiento. Si usted ya tiene 12 semanas o más de embarazo, podría necesitar una inyección para prevenir problemas con el factor Rh en el futuro.\nEn algunos casos, queda tejido en el útero. Si usted no tiene síntomas de infección, su proveedor puede recomendar esperar hasta que el tejido sea expulsado naturalmente. En caso de necesitar tratamiento para remover el tejido, éste puede incluir:\n• Medicinas\n• Un procedimiento llamado dilatación y curetaje o aspirado\nSin importar cuándo ocurra, un aborto espontáneo puede ser difícil. La asesoría psicológica puede serle de ayuda para enfrentar el duelo. Más adelante, si decide intentar embarazarse de nuevo, converse con su proveedor de atención médica para entender los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que tienen abortos espontáneos pueden tener embarazos saludables en el futuro.\n¿Se puede prevenir la pérdida del embarazo o aborto espontáneo?\nLas pérdidas del embarazo pueden afectar a cualquiera y con frecuencia no pueden prevenirse. Se recomienda concentrarse en el cuidado personal y comenzar las visitas prenatales temprano.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0425","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"induced-abortion-incomplete-with-other-or-unspecified-complications","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/induced-abortion-incomplete-with-other-or-unspecified-complications","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O04","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Avort la cerere (medical)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإجهاض الطبي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Umělé přerušení těhotenství","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schwangerschaftsabbruch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεχνητή διακοπή κύησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aborto inducido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Interruption volontaire de grossesse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चिकित्सीय गर्भपात","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Művi terhességmegszakítás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Interruzione volontaria di gravidanza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"人工妊娠中絶","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인공 임신중절","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przerwanie ciąży","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Interrupção voluntária da gravidez","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Медицинский аборт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Umelé prerušenie tehotenstva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İsteğe bağlı gebelik sonlandırma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Медичний аборт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"人工流产","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Medical abortion","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Abortion","text":"An induced abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It can be done two different ways:\n• Medication abortion (also called medical abortion)\n• Procedural abortion\nAn induced abortion is different from a spontaneous abortion. That is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy. It is more commonly known as a miscarriage.\nIf you are thinking of having an induced abortion, talk with your health care provider. Your provider can explain how the procedures are done, as well as the risks and benefits of each.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Aborto","text":"Un aborto inducido es un procedimiento para terminar un embarazo. Se puede hacer de dos maneras diferentes:\n• Aborto con medicamentos\n• Aborto quirúrgico\nUn aborto inducido es diferente de un aborto espontáneo. Es la pérdida de un embarazo antes de la semana 20 de embarazo. Se le conoce más comúnmente como pérdida del embarazo.\nSi está pensando en hacerse un aborto inducido, hable con su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor puede explicarle cómo se realizan los procedimientos, así como los riesgos y beneficios de cada tipo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0426","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-or-unspecified-failed-attempted-abortion-without-complication","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-or-unspecified-failed-attempted-abortion-without-complication","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O07","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Avort eșuat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"محاولة إجهاض فاشلة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Neúspěšný pokus o potrat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Misslungener Schwangerschaftsabbruch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αποτυχημένη απόπειρα διακοπής κύησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intento fallido de aborto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Échec de tentative d'avortement","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"असफल गर्भपात प्रयास","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Sikertelen terhességmegszakítási kísérlet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tentativo di aborto non riuscito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"中絶不成功","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"실패한 유산 시도","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieudana próba przerwania ciąży","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tentativa de aborto falhada","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неудавшаяся попытка аборта","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Neúspešný pokus o potrat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Başarısız düşük girişimi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Невдала спроба аборту","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"流产失败","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Failed attempted abortion","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Abortion","text":"An induced abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It can be done two different ways:\n• Medication abortion (also called medical abortion)\n• Procedural abortion\nAn induced abortion is different from a spontaneous abortion. That is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy. It is more commonly known as a miscarriage.\nIf you are thinking of having an induced abortion, talk with your health care provider. Your provider can explain how the procedures are done, as well as the risks and benefits of each.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Aborto","text":"Un aborto inducido es un procedimiento para terminar un embarazo. Se puede hacer de dos maneras diferentes:\n• Aborto con medicamentos\n• Aborto quirúrgico\nUn aborto inducido es diferente de un aborto espontáneo. Es la pérdida de un embarazo antes de la semana 20 de embarazo. Se le conoce más comúnmente como pérdida del embarazo.\nSi está pensando en hacerse un aborto inducido, hable con su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor puede explicarle cómo se realizan los procedimientos, así como los riesgos y beneficios de cada tipo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0427","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"complications-after-miscarriage-abortion-ectopic-or-molar-pregnancy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/complications-after-miscarriage-abortion-ectopic-or-molar-pregnancy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O08","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JA05.Z","display":"Complications following abortion, ectopic or molar pregnancy, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1403588899/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1403588899/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Complications after miscarriage, abortion, ectopic or molar pregnancy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Complicații după avort, sarcină ectopică sau molară","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مضاعفات بعد الإجهاض أو الحمل خارج الرحم أو العنقودي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Komplikace po potratu, mimoděložním těhotenství nebo mole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Komplikationen nach Abort, Extrauterin- oder Molenschwangerschaft","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιπλοκές μετά από αποβολή, έκτοπη ή μύλη κύηση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Complicaciones tras aborto, embarazo ectópico o molar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Complications après avortement, grossesse extra-utérine ou molaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गर्भपात, अस्थानिक या मोलर गर्भावस्था के बाद की जटिलताएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vetélés, méhen kívüli terhesség vagy üszögterhesség utáni szövődmények","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Complicanze dopo aborto, gravidanza ectopica o molare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"流産・異所性妊娠・胞状奇胎後の合併症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"유산, 자궁외 임신 또는 포상기태 후 합병증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powikłania po poronieniu, ciąży pozamacicznej lub zaśniadzie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Complicações após aborto, gravidez ectópica ou molar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осложнения после аборта, внематочной беременности или пузырного заноса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Komplikácie po potrate, mimomaternicovom tehotenstve alebo mole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Düşük, dış gebelik veya mol gebelik sonrası komplikasyonlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ускладнення після аборту, позаматкової вагітності або міхурового занеску","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"流产、异位妊娠或葡萄胎后的并发症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Ectopic Pregnancy","text":"What is an ectopic pregnancy?\nThe uterus, or womb, is the place where a fetus grows during pregnancy. In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg grows in the wrong place outside the uterus. It usually occurs in the fallopian tubes. These tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. Sometimes, an ectopic pregnancy can occur in the ovaries, abdominal cavity, or the lower part of the uterus (cervix).\nEctopic pregnancies can't end in a healthy pregnancy because the egg cannot grow. If the pregnancy continues, the fallopian tube can burst. This can cause internal bleeding, which can be a life-threatening emergency that needs immediate surgery.\nWhat increases my risk of an ectopic pregnancy?\nAn ectopic pregnancy often happens because there is a problem with your fallopian tubes. But sometimes it's not clear why an ectopic pregnancy happens.\nFactors that may increase your risk for an ectopic pregnancy can include:\n• Previous ectopic pregnancy\n• Prior pelvic, abdominal, or fallopian tube surgery\n• Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs)\n• Pelvic inflammatory disease\n• Endometriosis\n• Becoming pregnant while using an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control\n• Becoming pregnant after a tubal ligation\nOther factors that may increase your risk can include:\n• Smoking\n• Being older than age 35\n• Infertility treatments\nWhat are the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?\nYou may not notice any symptoms at first. Or you may have some of the usual signs of pregnancy such as a missed period, breast tenderness, or nausea.\nEarly signs of an ectopic pregnancy may be light vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. Ectopic pregnancy can be a medical emergency. Get medical care right away if you have these signs:\n• Abdominal (belly) pain\n• Shoulder pain\n• Vaginal bleeding\n• Feeling dizzy or faint\nHow is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?\nAn ectopic pregnancy can't be diagnosed without blood tests and an ultrasound. Your health care provider will do a pregnancy test to confirm that you're pregnant. They may do a pelvic exam to check for areas of pain, tenderness, or a mass.\nWhat is the treatment for an ectopic pregnancy?\nAn ectopic pregnancy needs treatment to stop any damage to your organs. Your provider will use medicine or surgery to take out the ectopic tissue.\nLosing a pregnancy can be devastating. An ectopic pregnancy is like a miscarriage, but it must be treated to prevent problems. People cope with grief in different ways. It may be helpful to discuss your feelings with your provider or a counselor. Many women who have had ectopic pregnancies go on to have healthy pregnancies later.\nDept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Embarazo ectópico","text":"¿Qué es un embarazo ectópico?\nEl útero, o matriz, es el órgano donde el bebé crece durante el embarazo. En un embarazo ectópico, el óvulo fertilizado crece en un lugar equivocado, fuera del útero. Por lo general ocurre en las trompas de Falopio, que son unos pequeños tubos que movilizan los óvulos de los ovarios hacia el útero. A veces un embarazo ectópico puede alojarse en los ovarios, la cavidad abdominal o en el cuello uterino.\nLos embarazos ectópicos no pueden terminar saludablemente porque el óvulo no puede puede crecer. Si el embarazo continua, la trompa de Falopio puede romperse. Esto causa una hemorragia interna que puede ser una emergencia que puede causar la muerte y requiere cirugía inmediata.\n¿Qué aumenta el riesgo de un embarazo ectópico?\nUsualmente ocurre porque hay problemas en las trompas de Falopio. En otros casos, no hay causas claras de por qué ocurre.\nAlgunos de los factores que podrían aumentar su riesgo de tener un embarazo ectópico incluyen:\n• Haber tenido embarazos ectópicos antes\n• Cirugías abdominales, pélvicas o de las trompas de Falopio previas\n• Algunas enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETI)\n• Tener enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP)\n• Endometriosis\n• Quedar embarazada mientras usa un dispositivo intrauterino (DIU)\n• Quedar embarazada después de una ligadura de trompas\nOtros factores que pueden incrementar su riesgo son:\n• Fumar\n• Tener más de 35 años\n• Tratamientos de infertilidad\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un embarazo ectópico?\nPuede que usted no note síntomas al comienzo. También podría tener las señales comunes del embarazo, como ausencia de la menstruación, sensibilidad en las mamas o nauseas.\nLas señales tempranas de un embarazo ectópico podrían ser un ligero sangrado vaginal y dolor pélvico. Un embarazo ectópico puede ser una emergencia médica. Busque atención médica inmediata si presenta estas señales:\n• Dolor abdominal\n• Dolor en los hombros\n• Sangrado vaginal\n• Sensación de mareo o desmayo\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un embarazo ectópico?\nUn embarazo ectópico no puede diagnosticarse sin realizarle análisis de sangre y una ecografía. Su profesional de la salud le hará una prueba de embarazo para confirmar que está gestando. Es posible que le haga un examen pélvico para detectar zonas de dolor, sensibilidad o alguna masa.\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un embarazo ectópico?\nUn embarazo ectópico necesita tratamiento para detener cualquier daño a sus órganos. Su proveedor usará medicamentos o cirugía para extirpar el tejido ectópico y así no dañar otros órganos.\nLa pérdida de un embarazo puede ser devastadora. Un embarazo ectópico similar a un aborto espontáneo, pero debe tratarse para evitar problemas. Cada persona afronta el duelo de distintas maneras. Puede ser útil hablar de sus sentimientos con su proveedor o con un consejero. Muchas mujeres que han tenido embarazos ectópicos vuelven a tener embarazos sanos más adelante.\nOficina para la Salud de la Mujer del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0428","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"multiple-pregnancy-twins-or-more","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/multiple-pregnancy-twins-or-more","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O30","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JA80.Z","display":"Maternal care related to unspecified multiple gestation","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1520349216/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1520349216/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Multiple pregnancy (twins or more)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarcină multiplă (gemeni sau mai mulți)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمل المتعدد (توائم أو أكثر)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vícečetné těhotenství","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mehrlingsschwangerschaft","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πολύδυμη κύηση (δίδυμα ή περισσότερα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Embarazo múltiple (gemelos o más)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grossesse multiple (jumeaux ou plus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एकाधिक गर्भावस्था (जुड़वां या अधिक)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Többes terhesség (ikrek vagy több)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gravidanza multipla (gemelli o più)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"多胎妊娠","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다태 임신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ciąża mnoga","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gravidez múltipla (gémeos ou mais)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Многоплодная беременность","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Viacpočetné tehotenstvo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çoğul gebelik (ikiz veya daha fazla)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Багатоплідна вагітність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"多胎妊娠","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births","text":"If you are pregnant with more than one baby, you are far from alone. Multiple births are up in the United States. More women are having babies after age 30 and more are taking fertility drugs. Both boost the chance of carrying more than one baby. A family history of twins also makes multiples more likely.\nYears ago, most twins came as a surprise. Now, most women know about a multiple pregnancy early. Women with multiple pregnancies should see their health care providers more often than women who are expecting one baby. Multiple pregnancy babies have a much higher risk of being born prematurely and having a low birth weight. There is also more of a risk of disabilities. Some women have to go on bed rest to delay labor. Finally, they may deliver by C-section, especially if there are three babies or more.\nParenting multiples can be a challenge. Volunteer help and support groups for parents of multiples can help.\nDept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple","text":"Si está embarazada de más de un bebé, dista mucho de estar sola. Los nacimientos múltiples están en ascenso en los Estados Unidos. ¿Por qué? Cada vez más mujeres tienen bebés después de los 30 años y muchas toman medicamentos para la fertilidad. Ambos factores incrementan potencialmente las posibilidades de tener más de un bebé. Los antecedentes familiares de gemelos también aumentan las posibilidades.\nHace años, la mayoría de los gemelos llegaban por sorpresa. Actualmente, la mayoría de las mujeres se entera anticipadamente del embarazo múltiple. Deben ver al médico con más frecuencia que las mujeres que esperan a un solo niño ya que los embarazos múltiples deben controlarse más cuidadosamente. Los bebés de embarazos múltiples tienen mayor riesgo de nacer prematuramente. Algunas mujeres tienen que guardar reposo en cama para demorar el parto. Finalmente, es posible que necesiten cesárea, especialmente si tienen tres bebés o más.\nDespués de que los bebés llegan a su casa, las mamás pueden sentirse agobiadas y exhaustas. La ayuda de voluntarios y los grupos de apoyo para padres de bebés múltiples pueden facilitar la transición.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0429","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"complications-of-multiple-pregnancy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/complications-of-multiple-pregnancy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O31","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JA81.Z","display":"Maternal care related to complications specific to multiple gestation, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1070955958/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1070955958/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Complications of multiple pregnancy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Complicații specifice sarcinii multiple","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مضاعفات الحمل المتعدد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Komplikace vícečetného těhotenství","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Komplikationen bei Mehrlingsschwangerschaft","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιπλοκές πολύδυμης κύησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Complicaciones del embarazo múltiple","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Complications propres à la grossesse multiple","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एकाधिक गर्भावस्था की जटिलताएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A többes terhesség szövődményei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Complicanze della gravidanza multipla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"多胎妊娠に特有の合併症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다태 임신의 합병증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powikłania ciąży mnogiej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Complicações da gravidez múltipla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осложнения многоплодной беременности","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Komplikácie viacpočetného tehotenstva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çoğul gebelik komplikasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ускладнення багатоплідної вагітності","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"多胎妊娠并发症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births","text":"If you are pregnant with more than one baby, you are far from alone. Multiple births are up in the United States. More women are having babies after age 30 and more are taking fertility drugs. Both boost the chance of carrying more than one baby. A family history of twins also makes multiples more likely.\nYears ago, most twins came as a surprise. Now, most women know about a multiple pregnancy early. Women with multiple pregnancies should see their health care providers more often than women who are expecting one baby. Multiple pregnancy babies have a much higher risk of being born prematurely and having a low birth weight. There is also more of a risk of disabilities. Some women have to go on bed rest to delay labor. Finally, they may deliver by C-section, especially if there are three babies or more.\nParenting multiples can be a challenge. Volunteer help and support groups for parents of multiples can help.\nDept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple","text":"Si está embarazada de más de un bebé, dista mucho de estar sola. Los nacimientos múltiples están en ascenso en los Estados Unidos. ¿Por qué? Cada vez más mujeres tienen bebés después de los 30 años y muchas toman medicamentos para la fertilidad. Ambos factores incrementan potencialmente las posibilidades de tener más de un bebé. Los antecedentes familiares de gemelos también aumentan las posibilidades.\nHace años, la mayoría de los gemelos llegaban por sorpresa. Actualmente, la mayoría de las mujeres se entera anticipadamente del embarazo múltiple. Deben ver al médico con más frecuencia que las mujeres que esperan a un solo niño ya que los embarazos múltiples deben controlarse más cuidadosamente. Los bebés de embarazos múltiples tienen mayor riesgo de nacer prematuramente. Algunas mujeres tienen que guardar reposo en cama para demorar el parto. Finalmente, es posible que necesiten cesárea, especialmente si tienen tres bebés o más.\nDespués de que los bebés llegan a su casa, las mamás pueden sentirse agobiadas y exhaustas. La ayuda de voluntarios y los grupos de apoyo para padres de bebés múltiples pueden facilitar la transición.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0430","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"false-labour-braxton-hicks-contractions","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/false-labour-braxton-hicks-contractions","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O47","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JA8D.Z","display":"Maternal care related to false labour, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1432083898/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1432083898/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"False labour (Braxton Hicks contractions)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Travaliu fals (contracții Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"المخاض الكاذب (انقباضات براكستون هيكس)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poslíčkové kontrakce (falešný porod)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Falsche Wehen (Braxton-Hicks-Kontraktionen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ψευδείς ωδίνες (συσπάσεις Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Falso trabajo de parto (contracciones de Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Faux travail (contractions de Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"झूठी प्रसव पीड़ा (ब्रैक्सटन हिक्स संकुचन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Jóslófájások (Braxton Hicks-összehúzódások)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Falso travaglio (contrazioni di Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"偽陣痛（ブラクストン・ヒックス収縮）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"가진통(브랙스턴 힉스 수축)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Skurcze przepowiadające (Braxtona-Hicksa)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Falso trabalho de parto (contrações de Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ложные схватки (Брэкстона-Хикса)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Falošné pôrodné kontrakcie (Braxton-Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yalancı doğum sancısı (Braxton Hicks)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хибні перейми (Брекстона-Гікса)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"假临产（布拉克斯顿-希克斯宫缩）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Childbirth","text":"What is childbirth?\nChildbirth is the process of giving birth to a baby. It includes labor and delivery of the fetus and the placenta. The placenta is the organ that supplies food and oxygen through the umbilical cord to your fetus during pregnancy.\nA full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks. Labor usually begins between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy. It is how your body prepares to give birth to your baby. Preterm labor can start before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It can lead to premature birth. Premature babies may face serious health risks.\nHow do I know if I'm going into labor?\nSigns that you might be going into labor include:\n• Regular contractions start to come closer together\n• Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina\n• Low, dull backache\n• Abdominal (belly) cramps\nThe signs of labor, when labor starts, and the time it takes to deliver your baby can vary with each pregnancy. Call your health care provider if you have any signs of labor, even if it is before your due date.\nWhat are the stages of labor?\nLabor happens in three stages.\n• The first stage begins with contractions. This stage could last for hours or days. It continues until your cervix has become thinner and dilated (stretched) to about 4 inches wide to allow your baby to pass through.\n• The second stage is when you begin to push downward. Crowning is when your baby's scalp comes into view. Shortly afterward, your baby is born.\n• The third stage is when you deliver the placenta, and your provider cuts the umbilical cord.\nSometimes, mothers need to have labor induced. Medicines or other methods are used to start labor. This is usually only done when the due date has passed or if a problem with the pregnancy risks the health of the mother or the fetus.\nMothers and their babies are closely monitored during labor and delivery. Delivery can occur either vaginally through the birth canal, or if there are complications, the delivery may be done surgically by a Cesarean section. This is when the baby is taken out through your abdomen (belly) and uterus.\nWhat are the options for pain relief during childbirth?\nThe amount of pain during childbirth can vary based on the size and position of the baby, your level of comfort with the process, and the strength of your contractions.\nOptions for pain relief during labor and delivery may include:\n• Medicines may reduce the pain, but they don't stop it completely.\n• Natural methods ease pain without taking medicines. A few examples include using relaxation techniques, a birthing ball, massage, or taking a bath or shower.\n• Combination of medicines and natural methods.\nDiscuss your options, risks, and benefits of pain relief during labor and delivery with your provider before your due date.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parto","text":"¿Qué es el parto?\nEl parto es el proceso de dar a luz a un bebé. Incluye el alumbramiento y expulsión del feto y de la placenta. La placenta es el órgano que suministra al feto el alimento y oxígeno durante el embarazo.\nUn embarazo a término dura 40 semanas. El trabajo de parto por lo general comienza entre las semanas 37 y 42 de gestación. Así el cuerpo se prepara para dar a luz al bebé. El trabajo de parto prematuro puede comenzar antes de completar las 37 semanas y puede causar un nacimiento prematuro. Los bebés prematuros pueden enfrentar riesgos graves de salud.\n¿Cómo puedo saber si estoy en trabajo de parto?\nAlgunas señales de que puede estar en trabajo de parto incluyen:\n• Contracciones regulares que comienzan a repetirse más seguido\n• Pérdida de líquido o sangrado de la vagina\n• Dolor de espalda baja sordo\n• Calambres abdominales (de vientre)\nLas señales del parto, el momento en que empieza y el tiempo que tarda en nacer el bebé pueden variar con cada embarazo. Consulte con su proveedor de salud si tiene algún signo de parto, aunque sea antes de la fecha prevista para dar a luz.\n¿Cuáles son las etapas del parto?\nEl parto ocurre en tres etapas:\n• La primera etapa comienza con contracciones. Puede durar horas o días. Continúa hasta que el cuello uterino se vuelve más delgado y dilatado (estirado) hasta tener unas cuatro pulgadas (10 centímetros) de ancho y permitir luego el paso del bebé\n• La segunda etapa es en la que empieza a empujar hacia abajo. La coronación es cuando la cabeza de su bebé se hace visible. Luego de esto nace el bebé\n• La tercera etapa es cuando usted expulsa la placenta y su profesional de la salud corta el cordón umbilical\nAlgunas veces las madres requieren que el parto sea inducido, a través de medicinas u otros métodos usados para iniciar la labor de parto. Esto por general solo se hace cuando la fecha prevista para dar a luz a pasado o si hay problemas con el embarazo que pongan en riesgo la salud de la madre o el feto.\nLas madres y los bebés son monitoreados de cerca durante el parto. El parto puede ocurrir de forma vaginal a través del canal de parto o, en caso de complicaciones, se puede realizar quirúrgicamente mediante una cesárea. En este caso, el bebé se extrae del abdomen (vientre) y del útero.\n¿Cuáles son las opciones para aliviar el dolor durante el parto?\nLa intensidad del dolor durante el parto puede variar de acuerdo al tamaño y la posición del bebé, su nivel de comodidad durante el proceso y lo fuerte que sean sus contracciones\nLas opciones para disminuir el dolor durante el trabajo de parto y alumbramiento incluyen:\n• Medicamentos que reducen el dolor, pero no lo eliminan por completo\n• Métodos naturales para aliviar el dolor sin medicinas. Algunos ejemplos son el uso de técnicas de relajación, una pelota de parto (también llamada pelota suiza), masajes o tomar un baño o ducha\n• La combinación de medicinas y métodos naturales\nAntes de su fecha de parto, converse con su proveedor sobre cuáles son sus opciones, los riesgos y los beneficios del alivio del dolor durante el trabajo de parto y alumbramiento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0431","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"preterm-labour-and-birth","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/preterm-labour-and-birth","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O60","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JB00.Z","display":"Preterm labour or delivery, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1992303076/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1992303076/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Preterm labour and birth","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Travaliu și naștere prematură","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الولادة المبكرة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Předčasný porod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vorzeitige Wehen und Frühgeburt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρόωρος τοκετός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Parto prematuro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Travail et accouchement prématurés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"समय से पहले प्रसव और जन्म","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Koraszülés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Travaglio e parto pretermine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"早産","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"조산","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Poród przedwczesny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trabalho de parto e parto pré-termo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Преждевременные роды","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Predčasný pôrod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Erken doğum eylemi ve doğum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Передчасні пологи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"早产","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Preterm Labor","text":"Preterm labor is labor that starts before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It can lead to premature birth. Premature babies may face serious health risks.\nSymptoms of preterm labor include:\n• Contractions every 10 minutes or more often\n• Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina\n• Feeling of pressure in the pelvis\n• Low, dull backache\n• Cramps that feel like menstrual cramps\n• Abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea\nIf you think you might be having preterm labor, contact your health care provider.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Trabajo de parto prematuro","text":"El trabajo de parto prematuro es el que se inicia antes de completarse las 37 semanas de embarazo. Puede conducir a un parto prematuro. Los bebés prematuros pueden enfrentar serios riesgos de salud.\nLos síntomas de trabajo de parto prematuro incluyen:\n• Contracciones cada 10 minutos o más seguidas\n• Filtración de líquido o sangrado de la vagina\n• Sensación de presión en la pelvis\n• Dolor vago de espalda baja\n• Calambres similares a los calambres menstruales\n• Calambres abdominales con o sin diarrea\nSi usted piensa que entró en trabajo de parto prematuro, póngase en contacto con su proveedor de atención médica.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0432","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"normal-vaginal-delivery-single-baby","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/normal-vaginal-delivery-single-baby","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O80","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JB20.Z","display":"Single spontaneous delivery, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1902649856/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1902649856/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Normal vaginal delivery (single baby)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Naștere naturală unică","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ولادة مهبلية طبيعية لجنين واحد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spontánní porod jednoho plodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Spontangeburt eines Einlings","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αυτόματος τοκετός μονήρους κύησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Parto vaginal espontáneo único","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Accouchement spontané unique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एकल प्राकृतिक प्रसव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyes spontán hüvelyi szülés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Parto spontaneo singolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"単胎自然分娩","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"단태 자연분만","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Poród samoistny pojedynczy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Parto vaginal espontâneo único","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Самопроизвольные одноплодные роды","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spontánny pôrod jedného plodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tekil normal doğum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Самовільні одноплідні пологи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"单胎自然分娩","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Childbirth","text":"What is childbirth?\nChildbirth is the process of giving birth to a baby. It includes labor and delivery of the fetus and the placenta. The placenta is the organ that supplies food and oxygen through the umbilical cord to your fetus during pregnancy.\nA full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks. Labor usually begins between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy. It is how your body prepares to give birth to your baby. Preterm labor can start before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It can lead to premature birth. Premature babies may face serious health risks.\nHow do I know if I'm going into labor?\nSigns that you might be going into labor include:\n• Regular contractions start to come closer together\n• Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina\n• Low, dull backache\n• Abdominal (belly) cramps\nThe signs of labor, when labor starts, and the time it takes to deliver your baby can vary with each pregnancy. Call your health care provider if you have any signs of labor, even if it is before your due date.\nWhat are the stages of labor?\nLabor happens in three stages.\n• The first stage begins with contractions. This stage could last for hours or days. It continues until your cervix has become thinner and dilated (stretched) to about 4 inches wide to allow your baby to pass through.\n• The second stage is when you begin to push downward. Crowning is when your baby's scalp comes into view. Shortly afterward, your baby is born.\n• The third stage is when you deliver the placenta, and your provider cuts the umbilical cord.\nSometimes, mothers need to have labor induced. Medicines or other methods are used to start labor. This is usually only done when the due date has passed or if a problem with the pregnancy risks the health of the mother or the fetus.\nMothers and their babies are closely monitored during labor and delivery. Delivery can occur either vaginally through the birth canal, or if there are complications, the delivery may be done surgically by a Cesarean section. This is when the baby is taken out through your abdomen (belly) and uterus.\nWhat are the options for pain relief during childbirth?\nThe amount of pain during childbirth can vary based on the size and position of the baby, your level of comfort with the process, and the strength of your contractions.\nOptions for pain relief during labor and delivery may include:\n• Medicines may reduce the pain, but they don't stop it completely.\n• Natural methods ease pain without taking medicines. A few examples include using relaxation techniques, a birthing ball, massage, or taking a bath or shower.\n• Combination of medicines and natural methods.\nDiscuss your options, risks, and benefits of pain relief during labor and delivery with your provider before your due date.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parto","text":"¿Qué es el parto?\nEl parto es el proceso de dar a luz a un bebé. Incluye el alumbramiento y expulsión del feto y de la placenta. La placenta es el órgano que suministra al feto el alimento y oxígeno durante el embarazo.\nUn embarazo a término dura 40 semanas. El trabajo de parto por lo general comienza entre las semanas 37 y 42 de gestación. Así el cuerpo se prepara para dar a luz al bebé. El trabajo de parto prematuro puede comenzar antes de completar las 37 semanas y puede causar un nacimiento prematuro. Los bebés prematuros pueden enfrentar riesgos graves de salud.\n¿Cómo puedo saber si estoy en trabajo de parto?\nAlgunas señales de que puede estar en trabajo de parto incluyen:\n• Contracciones regulares que comienzan a repetirse más seguido\n• Pérdida de líquido o sangrado de la vagina\n• Dolor de espalda baja sordo\n• Calambres abdominales (de vientre)\nLas señales del parto, el momento en que empieza y el tiempo que tarda en nacer el bebé pueden variar con cada embarazo. Consulte con su proveedor de salud si tiene algún signo de parto, aunque sea antes de la fecha prevista para dar a luz.\n¿Cuáles son las etapas del parto?\nEl parto ocurre en tres etapas:\n• La primera etapa comienza con contracciones. Puede durar horas o días. Continúa hasta que el cuello uterino se vuelve más delgado y dilatado (estirado) hasta tener unas cuatro pulgadas (10 centímetros) de ancho y permitir luego el paso del bebé\n• La segunda etapa es en la que empieza a empujar hacia abajo. La coronación es cuando la cabeza de su bebé se hace visible. Luego de esto nace el bebé\n• La tercera etapa es cuando usted expulsa la placenta y su profesional de la salud corta el cordón umbilical\nAlgunas veces las madres requieren que el parto sea inducido, a través de medicinas u otros métodos usados para iniciar la labor de parto. Esto por general solo se hace cuando la fecha prevista para dar a luz a pasado o si hay problemas con el embarazo que pongan en riesgo la salud de la madre o el feto.\nLas madres y los bebés son monitoreados de cerca durante el parto. El parto puede ocurrir de forma vaginal a través del canal de parto o, en caso de complicaciones, se puede realizar quirúrgicamente mediante una cesárea. En este caso, el bebé se extrae del abdomen (vientre) y del útero.\n¿Cuáles son las opciones para aliviar el dolor durante el parto?\nLa intensidad del dolor durante el parto puede variar de acuerdo al tamaño y la posición del bebé, su nivel de comodidad durante el proceso y lo fuerte que sean sus contracciones\nLas opciones para disminuir el dolor durante el trabajo de parto y alumbramiento incluyen:\n• Medicamentos que reducen el dolor, pero no lo eliminan por completo\n• Métodos naturales para aliviar el dolor sin medicinas. Algunos ejemplos son el uso de técnicas de relajación, una pelota de parto (también llamada pelota suiza), masajes o tomar un baño o ducha\n• La combinación de medicinas y métodos naturales\nAntes de su fecha de parto, converse con su proveedor sobre cuáles son sus opciones, los riesgos y los beneficios del alivio del dolor durante el trabajo de parto y alumbramiento.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0433","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"caesarean-delivery-single-baby","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/caesarean-delivery-single-baby","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"O82","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"JB22.Z","display":"Single delivery by caesarean section, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1619967851/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1619967851/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Caesarean delivery (single baby)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Naștere prin cezariană (făt unic)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ولادة قيصرية لجنين واحد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Porod jednoho plodu císařským řezem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Kaiserschnittgeburt eines Einlings","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καισαρική τομή μονήρους κύησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Parto único por cesárea","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Accouchement unique par césarienne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एकल सिजेरियन प्रसव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyes szülés császármetszéssel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Parto singolo con taglio cesareo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"単胎帝王切開分娩","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"단태 제왕절개 분만","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Poród pojedynczy przez cesarskie cięcie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Parto único por cesariana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Одноплодные роды путём кесарева сечения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pôrod jedného plodu cisárskym rezom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sezaryenle tekil doğum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Одноплідні пологи шляхом кесаревого розтину","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"单胎剖宫产","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cesarean Delivery","text":"What is a cesarean delivery?\nA cesarean delivery, also called a cesarean section or c-section, is surgery to deliver a baby. The baby is taken out through your abdomen (belly). In the United States, almost one in three babies are born this way. Some cesarean deliveries are planned. Others are emergency cesarean deliveries, which are done when unexpected problems happen during delivery.\nWhen is a cesarean delivery needed?\nYou may need a cesarean delivery because:\n• You have health problems, including infection\n• You are carrying more than one baby\n• Your baby is too big\n• Your baby is in the wrong position\n• Your baby's health is in danger\n• Labor is not moving along as it should\n• There are problems with your placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to your baby)\nNot everyone who has had a cesarean delivery before will need another one next time. You may be able to have a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Talk to your health care provider about what is right for you.\nHow is a cesarean delivery done?\nBefore the surgery, you will be given pain medicine. Depending on your circumstances, you might get:\n• An epidural block, which numbs the lower part of the body through an injection in the spine.\n• A spinal block, which numbs the lower part of the body through an injection directly into the spinal fluid.\n• General anesthesia, which makes you unconscious during the surgery. This is often used during emergency cesarean deliveries.\nDuring the surgery, the surgeon will:\n• Make a cut in your abdomen and uterus. The cut is usually horizontal, but in some cases it may be vertical.\n• Open the amniotic sac and take out your baby.\n• Cut the umbilical cord and the placenta.\n• Close the uterus and abdomen with stitches that will later dissolve.\nWhat are the risks of a cesarean delivery?\nA cesarean delivery is relatively safe for you and your baby. But it is still a major surgery, and it carries risks. They may include:\n• Infection\n• Blood loss\n• Blood clots in the legs, pelvic organs, or lungs\n• Injury to surrounding structures, such as the bowel or bladder\n• A reaction to the medicines or anesthesia used\nSome of these risks do also apply to a vaginal birth. But it does take longer to recover from a cesarean delivery than from a vaginal birth. And having a cesarean delivery can raise the risk of having difficulties with future pregnancies. The more cesarean deliveries you have, the more the risk goes up.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cesárea","text":"¿Qué es una cesárea?\nUna cesárea es una cirugía para dar a luz a un bebé. El bebé se saca a través de su abdomen (vientre). Casi uno de cada 3 bebés nace de esta manera en los Estados Unidos. Algunas cesáreas están planificadas. Otras son cesáreas de emergencia, es decir, se realizan cuando ocurren problemas inesperados durante el parto.\n¿Cuándo se necesita una cesárea?\nEs posible que necesite una cesárea porque:\n• Tiene problemas de salud, incluyendo una infección\n• Está embarazada de más de un bebé\n• Su bebé es demasiado grande\n• Su bebé está en la posición incorrecta\n• La salud de su bebé está en peligro\n• El trabajo de parto no avanza como debería\n• Hay problemas con su placenta (el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes a su bebé)\nNo todas las personas que han tenido una cesárea antes necesitarán otra de nuevo. Es posible que pueda tener un parto vaginal después de una cesárea (PVDC). Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre lo que se recomienda para usted.\n¿Cómo se realiza una cesárea?\nAntes de la cirugía, le darán analgésicos. Dependiendo de sus circunstancias, puede recibir:\n• Un bloqueo epidural: Adormece la parte inferior del cuerpo mediante una inyección en la columna\n• Un bloqueo espinal: Aormece la parte inferior del cuerpo a través de una inyección directamente en el líquido cefalorraquídeo\n• Anestesia general: Le deja inconsciente durante la cirugía. Esto se usa a menudo durante las cesáreas de emergencia\nDurante la cirugía, el cirujano:\n• Hace una incisión en su abdomen y útero. El corte suele ser horizontal, pero en algunos casos puede ser vertical\n• Abre el saco amniótico y saca a su bebé\n• Corta el cordón umbilical y la placenta\n• Cierra el útero y el abdomen con puntos que luego se disolverán\n¿Cuáles son los riesgos de una cesárea?\nUna cesárea es relativamente segura para usted y su bebé. Pero sigue siendo una cirugía mayor y conlleva riesgos. Pueden incluir:\n• Infección\n• Pérdida de sangre\n• Coágulos de sangre en las piernas, los órganos pélvicos o los pulmones\n• Lesión a las estructuras cercanas, como el intestino o la vejiga\n• Reacción a los medicamentos o anestesia utilizados\nAlgunos de estos riesgos también se aplican a un parto vaginal. Pero toma más tiempo recuperarse de una cesárea que de un parto vaginal. Además, una cesárea puede aumentar el riesgo de tener dificultades con futuros embarazos. Cuantas más cesáreas tenga, mayor será el riesgo.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0434","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"baby-affected-by-the-mother-s-health-conditions","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/baby-affected-by-the-mother-s-health-conditions","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P00","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Baby affected by the mother's health conditions","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Făt sau nou-născut afectat de afecțiuni ale mamei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"جنين أو وليد متأثر بأمراض الأم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Plod nebo novorozenec postižený nemocemi matky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fetus oder Neugeborenes durch Erkrankungen der Mutter beeinträchtigt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Έμβρυο ή νεογνό επηρεαζόμενο από παθήσεις της μητέρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Feto o recién nacido afectado por enfermedades maternas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fœtus ou nouveau-né affecté par des affections maternelles","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मां की बीमारी से प्रभावित शिशु","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az anya betegségei által érintett magzat vagy újszülött","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Feto o neonato affetto da condizioni materne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"母体の疾患の影響を受けた胎児・新生児","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"모체 질환의 영향을 받은 태아 또는 신생아","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Płód lub noworodek dotknięty chorobami matki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Feto ou recém-nascido afetado por doenças maternas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Плод или новорождённый, пострадавший от болезней матери","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Plod alebo novorodenec postihnutý chorobami matky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Annenin hastalıklarından etkilenen fetüs veya yenidoğan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Плід або новонароджений, уражений хворобами матері","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"受母体疾病影响的胎儿或新生儿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Infant and Newborn Care","text":"Going home with a new baby is exciting, but it can be scary, too. Newborns have many needs, like frequent feedings and diaper changes. Babies can have health issues that are different from older children and adults, like diaper rash and cradle cap.\nYour baby will go through many changes during the first year of life. You may feel uneasy at first. Ask your health care provider for help if you need it.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé","text":"Irse a casa con un nuevo bebé es emocionante, pero también puede causarle ciertos temores. Los recién nacidos tienen muchas necesidades, como alimentarlos y cambiarles frecuentemente el pañal. Los bebés pueden tener problemas de salud distintos a los de los niños de más edad o los adultos, como irritación por los pañales sucios y la costra láctea.\nEl bebé pasará por muchos cambios durante el primer año de vida. Es posible que al principio se sienta incómoda. Si la necesita, pídale ayuda a un profesional de la salud.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0435","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"slow-fetal-growth","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/slow-fetal-growth","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P05","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"KA20.Z","display":"Disorders of newborn related to slow fetal growth or fetal malnutrition, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1705439408/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1705439408/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Slow fetal growth","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Creștere fetală lentă (restricție de creștere)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بطء نمو الجنين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zpomalený růst plodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fetale Wachstumsretardierung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδομήτρια καθυστέρηση της ανάπτυξης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Crecimiento fetal lento (restricción del crecimiento)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Retard de croissance fœtale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"भ्रूण का धीमा विकास","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Méhen belüli növekedési elmaradás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ritardo di crescita fetale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胎児発育不全","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"태아 성장 지연","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wewnątrzmaciczne zahamowanie wzrostu płodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Restrição do crescimento fetal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Задержка роста плода","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spomalený rast plodu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yavaş fetal büyüme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Затримка росту плода","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胎儿生长受限","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Birth Weight","text":"What is birth weight?\nBirth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after being born. A low birth weight means that the baby is less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. A high birth weight means that the baby is more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces.\nWhat can cause low birth weight?\nA baby with a low birth weight can be born too small, too early (premature), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include:\n• Health problems in the pregnant parent\n• Taking certain medicines during pregnancy\n• Substance use during pregnancy\n• Infections during pregnancy\n• Being pregnant with multiple babies\n• Problems with the placenta, the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby\n• Having small parents\n• Genetic conditions in the baby\n• Birth defects\nWhat problems can low birth weight cause?\nBabies with low birth weight may be more at risk of certain health problems. They include immediate problems, such as:\n• Breathing problems\n• Infections\n• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)\n• Jaundice\n• Trouble keeping warm\nThere is also a higher risk of longer-term problems, including:\n• Delayed motor and social development\n• Learning disabilities\n• Certain health conditions as an adult, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity\nWhat can cause high birth weight?\nCauses of high birth weight can include:\n• Having big parents\n• Diabetes in the pregnant parent\n• Certain genetic conditions\n• Too much weight gain during pregnancy\nWhat problems can high birth weight cause?\nHigh birth weight can be a concern because it can make delivery of the baby difficult and raise the risk of birth injuries. The baby is at higher risk of problems with:\n• Blood sugar\n• Breathing problems\n• Jaundice\nCan birth weight problems be prevented?\nYou may be able to prevent some birth weight problems by:\n• Getting regular checkups during pregnancy\n• Getting the right amount of nutrition and calories during pregnancy\n• Controlling your blood sugar if you have diabetes\n• Avoiding substance use during pregnancy","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Peso del bebé al nacer","text":"¿Qué es el peso del bebé al nacer?\nEl peso al nacer es el primer peso del bebé, tomado justo después de nacer. Un bajo peso al nacer significa que el bebé pesa menos de 5 libras y 8 onzas (2.5 kg). Un peso alto al nacer significa que el bebé pesa más de 8 libras y 13 onzas (4 kg).\n¿Qué puede causar un bajo peso al nacer?\nUn bebé con bajo peso al nacer puede nacer demasiado pequeño, demasiado temprano (prematuro) o ambos. Esto puede ocurrir por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:\n• Problemas de salud en persona gestante (embarazada)\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos durante el embarazo\n• Consumir sustancias durante el embarazo\n• Tener infecciones durante el embarazo\n• Estar embarazada de más de un bebé\n• Tener problemas con la placenta, el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé\n• Tener padres pequeños\n• Trastornos genéticos en el bebé\n• Defectos de nacimiento\n¿Qué problemas puede causar el bajo peso al nacer?\nLos bebés con bajo peso al nacer pueden tener más riesgo de sufrir ciertos problemas de salud. Incluyen problemas inmediatos, como:\n• Problemas respiratorios\n• Infecciones\n• Hipoglucemia (bajo nivel de azúcar en la sangre)\n• Ictericia\n• Problemas para mantener su temperatura\nTambién existe un mayor riesgo de problemas a más largo plazo, incluyendo:\n• Retraso en el desarrollo motor y social\n• Problemas del aprendizaje\n• Ciertos problemas de salud en la edad adulta, como enfermedades cardíacas, presión arterial alta, diabetes y obesidad\n¿Qué puede causar el alto peso al nacer?\nLas causas del alto peso al nacer pueden incluir:\n• Tener padres grandes\n• Diabetes durante el embarazo (diabetes gestacional)\n• Ciertas afecciones genéticas\n• Subir demasiado de peso durante el embarazo\n¿Qué problemas puede causar el alto peso al nacer?\nEl alto peso al nacer puede ser una preocupación porque puede dificultar el parto y aumentar el riesgo de lesiones al dar a luz. El bebé tiene un mayor riesgo de tener problemas de:\n• Azúcar en la sangre\n• Respiratorios\n• Ictericia\n¿Se pueden prevenir los problemas de peso al nacer?\nEs posible que pueda prevenir algunos problemas de peso al nacer al:\n• Hacerse chequeos regulares durante el embarazo\n• Obtener la nutrición y calorías recomendadas durante el embarazo\n• Controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre si tiene diabetes\n• Evitar el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0436","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"premature-birth-and-low-birth-weight","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/premature-birth-and-low-birth-weight","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P07","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"KA21.4","display":"Preterm newborn","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1726201225","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1726201225"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Premature birth and low birth weight","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Prematuritate și greutate mică la naștere","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الخداج وانخفاض الوزن عند الولادة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nedonošenost a nízká porodní hmotnost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Frühgeburt und niedriges Geburtsgewicht","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Προωρότητα και χαμηλό βάρος γέννησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prématurité et faible poids de naissance","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"समय से पहले जन्म और कम जन्म वजन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Koraszülöttség és alacsony születési súly","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prematurità e basso peso alla nascita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"早産児・低出生体重","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"미숙아 및 저체중 출생","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wcześniactwo i niska masa urodzeniowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Недоношенность и низкий вес при рождении","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nedonosenosť a nízka pôrodná hmotnosť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Erken doğum ve düşük doğum ağırlığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Недоношеність і низька вага при народженні","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"早产和低出生体重","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Birth Weight","text":"What is birth weight?\nBirth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after being born. A low birth weight means that the baby is less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. A high birth weight means that the baby is more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces.\nWhat can cause low birth weight?\nA baby with a low birth weight can be born too small, too early (premature), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include:\n• Health problems in the pregnant parent\n• Taking certain medicines during pregnancy\n• Substance use during pregnancy\n• Infections during pregnancy\n• Being pregnant with multiple babies\n• Problems with the placenta, the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby\n• Having small parents\n• Genetic conditions in the baby\n• Birth defects\nWhat problems can low birth weight cause?\nBabies with low birth weight may be more at risk of certain health problems. They include immediate problems, such as:\n• Breathing problems\n• Infections\n• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)\n• Jaundice\n• Trouble keeping warm\nThere is also a higher risk of longer-term problems, including:\n• Delayed motor and social development\n• Learning disabilities\n• Certain health conditions as an adult, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity\nWhat can cause high birth weight?\nCauses of high birth weight can include:\n• Having big parents\n• Diabetes in the pregnant parent\n• Certain genetic conditions\n• Too much weight gain during pregnancy\nWhat problems can high birth weight cause?\nHigh birth weight can be a concern because it can make delivery of the baby difficult and raise the risk of birth injuries. The baby is at higher risk of problems with:\n• Blood sugar\n• Breathing problems\n• Jaundice\nCan birth weight problems be prevented?\nYou may be able to prevent some birth weight problems by:\n• Getting regular checkups during pregnancy\n• Getting the right amount of nutrition and calories during pregnancy\n• Controlling your blood sugar if you have diabetes\n• Avoiding substance use during pregnancy","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Peso del bebé al nacer","text":"¿Qué es el peso del bebé al nacer?\nEl peso al nacer es el primer peso del bebé, tomado justo después de nacer. Un bajo peso al nacer significa que el bebé pesa menos de 5 libras y 8 onzas (2.5 kg). Un peso alto al nacer significa que el bebé pesa más de 8 libras y 13 onzas (4 kg).\n¿Qué puede causar un bajo peso al nacer?\nUn bebé con bajo peso al nacer puede nacer demasiado pequeño, demasiado temprano (prematuro) o ambos. Esto puede ocurrir por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:\n• Problemas de salud en persona gestante (embarazada)\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos durante el embarazo\n• Consumir sustancias durante el embarazo\n• Tener infecciones durante el embarazo\n• Estar embarazada de más de un bebé\n• Tener problemas con la placenta, el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé\n• Tener padres pequeños\n• Trastornos genéticos en el bebé\n• Defectos de nacimiento\n¿Qué problemas puede causar el bajo peso al nacer?\nLos bebés con bajo peso al nacer pueden tener más riesgo de sufrir ciertos problemas de salud. Incluyen problemas inmediatos, como:\n• Problemas respiratorios\n• Infecciones\n• Hipoglucemia (bajo nivel de azúcar en la sangre)\n• Ictericia\n• Problemas para mantener su temperatura\nTambién existe un mayor riesgo de problemas a más largo plazo, incluyendo:\n• Retraso en el desarrollo motor y social\n• Problemas del aprendizaje\n• Ciertos problemas de salud en la edad adulta, como enfermedades cardíacas, presión arterial alta, diabetes y obesidad\n¿Qué puede causar el alto peso al nacer?\nLas causas del alto peso al nacer pueden incluir:\n• Tener padres grandes\n• Diabetes durante el embarazo (diabetes gestacional)\n• Ciertas afecciones genéticas\n• Subir demasiado de peso durante el embarazo\n¿Qué problemas puede causar el alto peso al nacer?\nEl alto peso al nacer puede ser una preocupación porque puede dificultar el parto y aumentar el riesgo de lesiones al dar a luz. El bebé tiene un mayor riesgo de tener problemas de:\n• Azúcar en la sangre\n• Respiratorios\n• Ictericia\n¿Se pueden prevenir los problemas de peso al nacer?\nEs posible que pueda prevenir algunos problemas de peso al nacer al:\n• Hacerse chequeos regulares durante el embarazo\n• Obtener la nutrición y calorías recomendadas durante el embarazo\n• Controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre si tiene diabetes\n• Evitar el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0437","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"prolonged-pregnancy-and-high-birth-weight","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/prolonged-pregnancy-and-high-birth-weight","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P08","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Prolonged pregnancy and high birth weight","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarcină prelungită și greutate mare la naștere","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحمل المطول وزيادة الوزن عند الولادة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Přenášené těhotenství a vysoká porodní hmotnost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Übertragung und hohes Geburtsgewicht","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παρατεταμένη κύηση και υψηλό βάρος γέννησης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Embarazo prolongado y peso elevado al nacer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Grossesse prolongée et poids de naissance élevé","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लंबी गर्भावस्था और अधिक जन्म वजन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Túlhordás és magas születési súly","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gravidanza protratta e peso elevato alla nascita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"過期妊娠・高出生体重","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"과숙 임신 및 거대아","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ciąża przenoszona i duża masa urodzeniowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gravidez prolongada e peso elevado ao nascer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Переношенная беременность и крупный плод","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Prenášané tehotenstvo a vysoká pôrodná hmotnosť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Uzamış gebelik ve yüksek doğum ağırlığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Переношена вагітність і великий плід","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"过期妊娠和巨大儿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Birth Weight","text":"What is birth weight?\nBirth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after being born. A low birth weight means that the baby is less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. A high birth weight means that the baby is more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces.\nWhat can cause low birth weight?\nA baby with a low birth weight can be born too small, too early (premature), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include:\n• Health problems in the pregnant parent\n• Taking certain medicines during pregnancy\n• Substance use during pregnancy\n• Infections during pregnancy\n• Being pregnant with multiple babies\n• Problems with the placenta, the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby\n• Having small parents\n• Genetic conditions in the baby\n• Birth defects\nWhat problems can low birth weight cause?\nBabies with low birth weight may be more at risk of certain health problems. They include immediate problems, such as:\n• Breathing problems\n• Infections\n• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)\n• Jaundice\n• Trouble keeping warm\nThere is also a higher risk of longer-term problems, including:\n• Delayed motor and social development\n• Learning disabilities\n• Certain health conditions as an adult, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity\nWhat can cause high birth weight?\nCauses of high birth weight can include:\n• Having big parents\n• Diabetes in the pregnant parent\n• Certain genetic conditions\n• Too much weight gain during pregnancy\nWhat problems can high birth weight cause?\nHigh birth weight can be a concern because it can make delivery of the baby difficult and raise the risk of birth injuries. The baby is at higher risk of problems with:\n• Blood sugar\n• Breathing problems\n• Jaundice\nCan birth weight problems be prevented?\nYou may be able to prevent some birth weight problems by:\n• Getting regular checkups during pregnancy\n• Getting the right amount of nutrition and calories during pregnancy\n• Controlling your blood sugar if you have diabetes\n• Avoiding substance use during pregnancy","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Peso del bebé al nacer","text":"¿Qué es el peso del bebé al nacer?\nEl peso al nacer es el primer peso del bebé, tomado justo después de nacer. Un bajo peso al nacer significa que el bebé pesa menos de 5 libras y 8 onzas (2.5 kg). Un peso alto al nacer significa que el bebé pesa más de 8 libras y 13 onzas (4 kg).\n¿Qué puede causar un bajo peso al nacer?\nUn bebé con bajo peso al nacer puede nacer demasiado pequeño, demasiado temprano (prematuro) o ambos. Esto puede ocurrir por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:\n• Problemas de salud en persona gestante (embarazada)\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos durante el embarazo\n• Consumir sustancias durante el embarazo\n• Tener infecciones durante el embarazo\n• Estar embarazada de más de un bebé\n• Tener problemas con la placenta, el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé\n• Tener padres pequeños\n• Trastornos genéticos en el bebé\n• Defectos de nacimiento\n¿Qué problemas puede causar el bajo peso al nacer?\nLos bebés con bajo peso al nacer pueden tener más riesgo de sufrir ciertos problemas de salud. Incluyen problemas inmediatos, como:\n• Problemas respiratorios\n• Infecciones\n• Hipoglucemia (bajo nivel de azúcar en la sangre)\n• Ictericia\n• Problemas para mantener su temperatura\nTambién existe un mayor riesgo de problemas a más largo plazo, incluyendo:\n• Retraso en el desarrollo motor y social\n• Problemas del aprendizaje\n• Ciertos problemas de salud en la edad adulta, como enfermedades cardíacas, presión arterial alta, diabetes y obesidad\n¿Qué puede causar el alto peso al nacer?\nLas causas del alto peso al nacer pueden incluir:\n• Tener padres grandes\n• Diabetes durante el embarazo (diabetes gestacional)\n• Ciertas afecciones genéticas\n• Subir demasiado de peso durante el embarazo\n¿Qué problemas puede causar el alto peso al nacer?\nEl alto peso al nacer puede ser una preocupación porque puede dificultar el parto y aumentar el riesgo de lesiones al dar a luz. El bebé tiene un mayor riesgo de tener problemas de:\n• Azúcar en la sangre\n• Respiratorios\n• Ictericia\n¿Se pueden prevenir los problemas de peso al nacer?\nEs posible que pueda prevenir algunos problemas de peso al nacer al:\n• Hacerse chequeos regulares durante el embarazo\n• Obtener la nutrición y calorías recomendadas durante el embarazo\n• Controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre si tiene diabetes\n• Evitar el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0438","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"temporary-electrolyte-and-metabolic-problems-in-newborns","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/temporary-electrolyte-and-metabolic-problems-in-newborns","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P74","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"KB6Z","display":"Transitory endocrine or metabolic disorders specific to fetus or newborn, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1004987305/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1004987305/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Temporary electrolyte and metabolic problems in newborns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tulburări metabolice și electrolitice tranzitorii la nou-născut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطرابات كهرلية واستقلابية عابرة لدى الوليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Přechodné elektrolytové a metabolické poruchy novorozence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vorübergehende Elektrolyt- und Stoffwechselstörungen beim Neugeborenen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παροδικές ηλεκτρολυτικές και μεταβολικές διαταραχές του νεογνού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastornos electrolíticos y metabólicos transitorios del recién nacido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles électrolytiques et métaboliques transitoires du nouveau-né","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नवजात शिशुओं में अस्थायी इलेक्ट्रोलाइट और चयापचय समस्याएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Újszülöttkori átmeneti elektrolit- és anyagcserezavarok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbi elettrolitici e metabolici transitori del neonato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"新生児の一過性電解質・代謝障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신생아의 일과성 전해질 및 대사 장애","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przemijające zaburzenia elektrolitowe i metaboliczne noworodka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbios eletrolíticos e metabólicos transitórios do recém-nascido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Транзиторные электролитные и метаболические нарушения у новорождённых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Prechodné elektrolytové a metabolické poruchy novorodenca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yenidoğanda geçici elektrolit ve metabolik bozukluklar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Транзиторні електролітні та метаболічні порушення в новонароджених","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"新生儿暂时性电解质和代谢紊乱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fluid and Electrolyte Balance","text":"What are electrolytes?\nElectrolytes are minerals that have an electric charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids, including blood. The electric charge can be positive or negative. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine (pee), tissues, and other body fluids.\nElectrolytes are important because they help:\n• Balance the amount of water in your body\n• Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level\n• Move nutrients into your cells\n• Move wastes out of your cells\n• Support your muscle and nerve function\n• Keep your heart rate and rhythm steady\n• Keep your blood pressure stable\n• Keep your bones and teeth healthy\nWhat are the different types of electrolytes in your body?\nThe main electrolytes in your body include:\n• Bicarbonate, which helps maintain the body's acid and base balance (pH). It also plays an important role in moving carbon dioxide through the bloodstream.\n• Calcium, which helps make and keep bones and teeth strong.\n• Chloride, which also helps control the amount of fluid in the body. In addition, it helps maintain healthy blood volume and blood pressure.\n• Magnesium, which helps your muscles, nerves, and heart work properly. It also helps control blood pressure and blood glucose (blood sugar).\n• Phosphate, which works together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth.\n• Potassium, which helps your cells, heart, and muscles work properly.\n• Sodium, which helps control the amount of fluid in the body. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.\nYou get these electrolytes from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink.\nWhat is an electrolyte imbalance?\nAn electrolyte imbalance means that the level of one or more electrolytes in your body is too low or too high. It can happen when the amount of water in your body changes. The amount of water that you take in should equal the amount you lose. If something upsets this balance, you may have too little water (dehydration) or too much water (overhydration). Some of the more common reasons why you might have an imbalance of the water in your body include:\n• Certain medicines\n• Severe vomiting and/or diarrhea\n• Heavy sweating\n• Heart, liver or kidney problems\n• Not drinking enough fluids, especially when doing intense exercise or when the weather is very hot\n• Drinking too much water\nWhat are the different types of electrolyte imbalances?\nThe names of the different types of electrolyte imbalances are:\nElectrolyte\nToo low\nToo high\nBicarbonate\nAcidosis\nAlkalosis\nCalcium\nHypocalcemia\nHypercalcemia\nChloride\nHypochloremia\nHyperchloremia\nMagnesium\nHypomagnesemia\nHypermagnesemia\nPhosphate\nHypophosphatemia\nHyperphosphatemia\nPotassium\nHypokalemia\nHyperkalemia\nSodium\nHyponatremia\nHypernatremia\nHow are electrolyte imbalances diagnosed?\nA test called an electrolyte panel can check the levels of your body's main electrolytes. A related test, the anion gap blood test, checks whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough.\nWhat are the treatments for electrolyte imbalances?\nThe treatment for an electrolyte imbalance depends on which electrolytes are out of balance, if there is too little or too many, and what is causing the imbalance. In minor cases, you may just need to make some changes to your diet. In other cases, you may need other treatments. For example:\n• If you don't have enough of an electrolyte, you may get electrolyte replacement therapy. This involves giving you more of that electrolyte. It could be a medicine or supplement that you swallow or drink, or it may be given intravenously (by IV).\n• If you have too much of an electrolyte, your provider may give you medicines or fluids (by mouth or by IV) to help remove that electrolyte from your body. In severe cases, you may need dialysis to filter out the electrolyte.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico","text":"¿Qué son los electrolitos?\nLos electrolitos son minerales que tienen carga eléctrica cuando se disuelven en agua o fluidos corporales, incluida la sangre. La carga eléctrica puede ser positiva o negativa. Usted tiene electrolitos en la sangre, la orina, los tejidos y otros fluidos corporales.\nSon importantes porque ayudan a:\n• Equilibrar la cantidad de agua en el cuerpo\n• Equilibrar el nivel ácido-base (pH) de su cuerpo\n• Llevar nutrientes a sus células\n• Eliminar los desechos de sus células\n• Apoyar el funcionamiento de sus músculos y nervios\n• Mantener su frecuencia y ritmo cardíacos estable\n• Manter estable su presión arterial\n• Mantener sus huesos y dientes sanos\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de electrolitos en su cuerpo?\nLos principales electrolitos de su cuerpo incluyen:\n• Bicarbonato: Ayuda a mantener el equilibrio ácido-base del cuerpo y cumple una función importante en la circulación de dióxido de carbono por el torrente sanguíneo\n• Calcio: Ayuda a fortalecer y mantener los huesos y los dientes\n• Cloruro: También ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido en el cuerpo. Además, ayuda a mantener un volumen de sangre y una presión arterial saludables\n• Magnesio: Ayuda a que los músculos, los nervios y el corazón funcionen bien. También ayuda a controlar la presión arterial y los niveles de glucosa (azúcar) en sangre\n• Fosfato: Trabaja junto con el mineral calcio para formar huesos y dientes fuertes\n• Potasio: Ayuda a que el corazón y los músculos funcionen bien\n• Sodio: Ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido que hay en el cuerpo. También contribuye a que los nervios y los músculos funcionen bien\nLos electrolitos se obtienen de los alimentos que consume y de los líquidos que bebe.\n¿Qué es un desequilibrio electrolítico?\nUn desequilibrio electrolítico significa que el nivel de uno o más electrolitos en su cuerpo es demasiado bajo o demasiado alto. Puede ocurrir cuando cambia la cantidad de agua en su cuerpo. La cantidad de agua que ingiere debe ser igual a la cantidad que elimina. Si algo altera este equilibrio, es posible que tenga muy poca agua (deshidratación) o demasiada agua (sobrehidratación). Algunas de las razones más comunes por las que podría tener un desequilibrio del agua en su cuerpo incluyen:\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Vómito y/o diarrea intenso\n• Sudoración intensa\n• Problemas cardíacos, hepáticos o renales\n• No beber suficientes líquidos, especialmente cuando se hace ejercicio intenso o cuando hace mucho calor\n• Beber demasiada agua\n¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nLos nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos son:\nElectrolito\nDemasiado bajo\nDemasiado alto\nBicarbonato\nAcidosis\nAlcalosis\nCalcio\nHipocalcemia\nHipercalcemia\nCloruro\nHipocloremia\nHipercloremia\nMagnesio\nHipomagnesemia\nHipermagnesemia\nFosfato\nHipofosfatemia\nHiperfosfatemia\nPotasio\nHipocalemia\nHipercalemia\nSodio\nHiponatremia\nHipernatremia\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nUna prueba llamada panel de electrolitos\npuede verificar los niveles de los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo. Una prueba relacionada, el análisis de sangre de la brecha aniónica, verifica si sus electrolitos están desequilibrados o si su sangre es demasiado ácida o no lo suficientemente ácida.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los desequilibrios electrolíticos?\nEl tratamiento para un desequilibrio electrolítico depende de qué electrolitos están desequilibrados, si hay muy pocos o demasiados y qué está causando el desequilibrio. En casos menores, es posible que simplemente deba realizar algunos cambios en su dieta. En otros casos, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos. Por ejemplo:\n• Si no tiene suficientes electrolitos, puede recibir una terapia de reemplazo de electrolitos. Esto implica darle más de ese electrolito. Puede ser un medicamento o suplemento que se traga o bebe, o se puede administrar por vía intravenosa\n• Si tiene demasiado electrolito, su profesional de la salud puede darle medicamentos o líquidos (por vía oral o intravenosa) para ayudar a eliminar ese electrolito de su cuerpo. En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis para filtrar el electrolito","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0439","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"bowel-obstruction-in-newborns","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/bowel-obstruction-in-newborns","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P76","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bowel obstruction in newborns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ocluzie intestinală la nou-născut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انسداد الأمعاء لدى الوليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Střevní neprůchodnost novorozence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Darmverschluss beim Neugeborenen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εντερική απόφραξη του νεογνού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Obstrucción intestinal del recién nacido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Occlusion intestinale du nouveau-né","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नवजात शिशुओं में आंत की रुकावट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Újszülöttkori bélelzáródás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Occlusione intestinale del neonato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"新生児の腸閉塞","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신생아 장폐색","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niedrożność jelit u noworodka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Obstrução intestinal do recém-nascido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кишечная непроходимость у новорождённых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Črevná nepriechodnosť novorodenca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yenidoğanda bağırsak tıkanıklığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кишкова непрохідність у новонароджених","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"新生儿肠梗阻","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Intestinal Obstruction","text":"An intestinal obstruction occurs when food or stool cannot move through the intestines. The obstruction can be complete or partial. There are many causes. The most common are adhesions, hernias, cancers, and certain medicines.\nSymptoms include:\n• Severe abdominal pain or cramping\n• Vomiting\n• Bloating\n• Loud bowel sounds\n• Swelling of the abdomen\n• Inability to pass gas\n• Constipation\nA complete intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency. It often requires surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Obstrucción intestinal","text":"Una obstrucción intestinal ocurre cuando la comida o las heces no pueden salir del intestino. La obstrucción puede ser completa o parcial. Hay muchas causas. Las más comunes son adherencias, hernias, cánceres y algunas medicinas.\nLos síntomas incluyen:\n• Dolor abdominal severo o retorcijones\n• Vómitos\n• Inflamación\n• Gases fuertes\n• Hinchazón del vientre\n• Incapacidad para eliminar gases\n• Estreñimiento\nUna obstrucción intestinal completa es una emergencia médica. En general, se necesita cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0440","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"necrotising-enterocolitis-in-newborns","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/necrotising-enterocolitis-in-newborns","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P77","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Necrotising enterocolitis in newborns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Enterocolită ulceronecrotică a nou-născutului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الأمعاء والقولون الناخر لدى الوليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nekrotizující enterokolitida novorozence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nekrotisierende Enterokolitis des Neugeborenen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νεκρωτική εντεροκολίτιδα του νεογνού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enterocolitis necrosante del recién nacido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Entérocolite ulcéronécrosante du nouveau-né","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नवजात शिशुओं में नेक्रोटाइज़िंग एंटरोकोलाइटिस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Újszülöttkori nekrotizáló enterocolitis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Enterocolite necrotizzante del neonato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"新生児壊死性腸炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신생아 괴사성 장염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Martwicze zapalenie jelit noworodków","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enterocolite necrosante do recém-nascido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Некротизирующий энтероколит новорождённых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nekrotizujúca enterokolitída novorodenca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yenidoğanın nekrotizan enterokoliti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Некротизуючий ентероколіт новонароджених","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Premature Babies","text":"Almost 1 of every 10 infants born in the United States are premature, or preemies. A premature birth is when a baby is born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.\nImportant growth and development happen throughout pregnancy - especially in the final months and weeks. Because they are born too early, preemies weigh much less than full-term babies. They may have health problems because their organs did not have enough time to develop. Problems that a baby born too early may have include:\n• Breathing problems\n• Feeding difficulties\n• Cerebral palsy\n• Developmental delay\n• Vision problems\n• Hearing problems\nPreemies need special medical care in a neonatal intensive care unit, or NICU. They stay there until their organ systems can work on their own.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Bebé prematuro","text":"Uno de cada 10 recién nacidos en los Estados Unidos es prematuro. Un nacimiento prematuro es cuando un bebé nace antes de completar 37 semanas de embarazo. Un embarazo a término es de 40 semanas.\nUn crecimiento y desarrollo importante del bebé ocurre durante el embarazo, sobre todo en los últimos meses y semanas. Debido a que nacen muy pronto, los prematuros pesan mucho menos que los bebés que completaron su gestación. Pueden tener problemas de salud ya que sus órganos no tuvieron el tiempo suficiente para desarrollarse. Algunos bebés prematuros pueden tener:\n• Problemas respiratorios\n• Dificultades para alimentarse\n• Parálisis cerebral\n• Atraso del desarrollo\n• Problemas de la visión\n• Problemas de audición\nLos prematuros necesitan atención médica especial en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. Deben permanecer ahí hasta que sus sistemas y órganos puedan funcionar sin ayuda.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0441","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"seizures-in-newborns","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/seizures-in-newborns","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P90","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Seizures in newborns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Convulsii la nou-născut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التشنجات لدى الوليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Křeče novorozence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krampfanfälle beim Neugeborenen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σπασμοί του νεογνού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Convulsiones del recién nacido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Convulsions du nouveau-né","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नवजात शिशुओं में दौरे","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Újszülöttkori görcsök","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Convulsioni del neonato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"新生児けいれん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신생아 경련","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Drgawki noworodkowe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Convulsões do recém-nascido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Судороги у новорождённых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kŕče novorodenca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yenidoğan nöbetleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Судоми в новонароджених","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"新生儿惊厥","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Seizures","text":"Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal\nelectrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often think of convulsions in which a person's body\nshakes rapidly and uncontrollably. Not all seizures cause convulsions. There are many types\nof seizures and some have mild symptoms. Seizures fall into two main groups. Focal\nseizures, also called partial seizures, happen in just one part of the brain. Generalized\nseizures are a result of abnormal activity on both sides of the brain.\nMost seizures last from 30 seconds to 2 minutes and do not cause lasting harm. However,\nit is a medical emergency if seizures last longer than 5 minutes or if a person has many\nseizures and does not wake up between them. Seizures can have many causes, including\nmedicines, high fevers, head injuries and certain diseases. People who have recurring\nseizures due to a brain disorder have epilepsy.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Convulsiones","text":"Las convulsiones son síntomas de un problema cerebral. Ocurren por la aparición súbita de una actividad eléctrica anormal en el cerebro. Cuando las personas piensan en convulsiones, suelen imaginarse el cuerpo de una persona que se sacude rápida y sin control. No todas las convulsiones provocan estas sacudidas. Existen muchos tipos de convulsiones y algunos tienen síntomas leves. Las convulsiones se dividen en dos grupos principales. Las convulsiones focales, también llamadas convulsiones parciales, ocurren en una parte del cerebro. Las convulsiones generalizadas son el resultado de actividades anormales en ambos lados del cerebro.\nLa mayoría de las convulsiones duran de 30 segundos a dos minutos y no causan daños duraderos. Sin embargo, es una emergencia médica si las convulsiones duran más de cinco minutos o si una persona tiene muchas convulsiones y no se despierta entre éstas. Las convulsiones pueden tener muchas causas, entre las que se incluyen medicinas, fiebre alta, lesiones en la cabeza y ciertas enfermedades. Las personas que tienen convulsiones recurrentes debido a un trastorno cerebral tienen epilepsia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0442","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"feeding-problems-in-newborns","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/feeding-problems-in-newborns","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P92","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"KD32.Z","display":"Feeding problems of newborn, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1842061002/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1842061002/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Feeding problems in newborns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Probleme de alimentație la nou-născut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مشكلات التغذية لدى الوليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Problémy s krmením novorozence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ernährungsprobleme beim Neugeborenen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Προβλήματα σίτισης του νεογνού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Problemas de alimentación del recién nacido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Problèmes d'alimentation du nouveau-né","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नवजात शिशुओं में दूध पिलाने की समस्याएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Újszülöttkori táplálási problémák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Problemi di alimentazione del neonato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"新生児の哺乳障害","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"신생아 수유 문제","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Problemy z karmieniem noworodka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Problemas de alimentação do recém-nascido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Проблемы вскармливания новорождённых","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Problémy s kŕmením novorodenca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yenidoğanda beslenme sorunları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Проблеми годування новонароджених","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"新生儿喂养问题","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Common Infant and Newborn Problems","text":"It is hard when your baby is sick. Common health problems in babies include colds, coughs, fevers, and vomiting. Babies also commonly have skin problems, like diaper rash or cradle cap.\nMany of these problems are not serious. It is important to know how to help your sick baby, and to know the warning signs for more serious problems. Trust your intuition - if you are worried about your baby, call your health care provider right away.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos","text":"Es un momento difícil cuando su bebé está enfermo. Los problemas de salud más comunes en los bebés incluyen resfríos, tos, fiebre y vómitos. Los bebes también puede tener problemas de piel, como sarpullido del pañal o costra láctea.\nMuchos de estos problemas no son serios. Es importante saber cómo ayudar a su bebé enfermo y cómo reconocer las señales de aviso de problemas más serios. Confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0443","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"stillbirth-cause-not-specified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/stillbirth-cause-not-specified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P95","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Stillbirth (cause not specified)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Moarte fetală (cauză nespecificată)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"وفاة الجنين (سبب غير محدد)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Úmrtí plodu (příčina neurčena)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fetaler Tod (Ursache nicht näher bezeichnet)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδομήτριος θάνατος (μη καθορισμένη αιτία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Muerte fetal (causa no especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mort fœtale (cause non précisée)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मृत जन्म (कारण अनिर्दिष्ट)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Magzati halál (ok nem meghatározott)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Morte fetale (causa non specificata)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"死産（原因不明）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"사산(원인 미상)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zgon płodu (przyczyna nieokreślona)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Morte fetal (causa não especificada)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гибель плода (причина не уточнена)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Úmrtie plodu (príčina neurčená)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ölü doğum (nedeni belirtilmemiş)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Загибель плода (причина не уточнена)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"死胎（原因未特指）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Stillbirth","text":"What is a stillbirth?\nIf you lose a fetus at or after the 20th week of pregnancy, it's called a stillbirth. A stillbirth can occur before or during delivery and may be considered as:\n• Early. The loss of a fetus between 20 and 27 weeks of pregnancy.\n• Late. The loss of a fetus between 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy.\n• Term. The loss of a fetus at 37 or more weeks of pregnancy.\nWhat are the risk factors for stillbirth?\nStillbirth can happen in any pregnancy. Some factors may increase the chance that one can occur. Risk factors can include if you:\n• Are age 35 years or older\n• Are of low socioeconomic status\n• Smoke during pregnancy\n• Have certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure\n• Are a non-Hispanic Black woman\n• Previously had a stillbirth\n• Are pregnant with more than one baby (twins or triplets)\nWhat are the possible causes of stillbirth?\nIn many cases, the cause remains unknown. Some causes may be preventable, but most are not.\nCauses for a stillbirth may include:\n• Problems with the placenta, the organ that carries oxygen and nutrients to the fetus\n• Genetic problems with the fetus\n• Fetal infections\n• Other physical problems in the fetus\n• Problems with the umbilical cord during labor and delivery\nHow is a stillbirth diagnosed?\nBefore delivery, the only way to diagnose a stillbirth is to check if the fetus's heart is beating. Your health care provider may use an ultrasound to look for the fetal heartbeat.\nDuring your pregnancy, your provider may recommend keeping track of fetal movements. However, if you don't notice movement, it doesn't always mean a stillbirth occurred. Sometimes, especially if it's your first pregnancy, it might be difficult to notice movement. If you're pregnant and something seems unusual or is worrying you, talk to your provider.\nAfter labor and delivery, your provider will check the baby for signs of life. These can include breathing, heartbeat, voluntary movements, and pulsations in the umbilical cord. If one or more signs of life are not present, then life-saving measures are taken. If these measures are unsuccessful, a stillbirth may be diagnosed.\nHow do health care providers manage a stillbirth?\nCare after a stillbirth depends on when it occurs. If it happens before delivery, your provider may induce (start) labor or use surgery to deliver the fetus (cesarean delivery). If it happens during labor and delivery, the placenta will still need to be removed or delivered.\nNo matter when it occurs, losing a pregnancy can be difficult. Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you decide to try to get pregnant again, work closely with your provider to understand any risks. Many women who have a stillbirth go on to have healthy babies.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Parto de feto muerto","text":"¿Qué es el parto de un feto muerto?\nSi usted pierde un feto en la semana 20 del embarazo o después, a esto se le llama parto de un feto muerto. El parto de un feto muerto puede ocurrir antes o durante el parto y puede considerarse como:\n• Precoz: La pérdida de un feto entre las semanas 20 y 27 de embarazo\n• Tardío: La pérdida de un feto entre las semanas 28 y 36 de embarazo\n• A término: La pérdida de un feto a las 37 semanas o más de embarazo\n¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo del parto de un feto muerto?\nEl parto de un feto muerto puede ocurrir en cualquier embarazo. Algunos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de que ocurra. Los factores de riesgo pueden incluir:\n• Tener 35 años o más\n• Tener un nivel socioeconómico bajo\n• Fumar durante el embarazo\n• Tener ciertas afecciones médicas, como diabetes o presión arterial alta\n• Ser una mujer negra no hispana\n• Haber tenido un parto de un feto muerto previamente\n• Estar embarazada de más de un bebé (gemelos o trillizos)\n¿Cuáles son las posibles causas del parto de un feto muerto?\nEn muchos casos, la causa se desconoce. Algunas causas pueden prevenirse, pero la mayoría no.\nLas causas del parto de un feto muerto pueden incluir:\n• Problemas con la placenta, el órgano que transporta oxígeno y nutrientes al feto\n• Problemas genéticos del feto\n• Infecciones del feto\n• Otros problemas físicos del feto\n• Problemas con el cordón umbilical durante el parto\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el parto de un feto muerto?\nAntes del parto, la única manera de diagnosticar una muerte fetal es comprobar si el corazón del feto late. Su profesional de la salud podría usar una ecografía para detectar los latidos del corazón del feto.\nDurante el embarazo, su profesional de la salud podría recomendarle que haga un seguimiento de los movimientos fetales. Sin embargo, si no nota ningún movimiento, no siempre significa que se haya producido una muerte fetal. A veces, especialmente si es su primer embarazo, puede ser difícil notar el movimiento. Si está embarazada y algo parece inusual o le preocupa, consulte con su profesional de la salud.\nDespués del parto, su profesional de la salud revisará al bebé para detectar signos de vida. Estos pueden incluir respiración, latidos cardíacos, movimientos voluntarios y pulsaciones en el cordón umbilical. Si uno o más signos de vida no están presentes, se tomarán medidas para salvarle la vida. Si estas medidas no tienen éxito, se podría diagnosticar el parto de un feto muerto.\n¿Cómo tratan los profesionales de la salud el parto de un feto muerto?\nLa atención después de una muerte fetal depende de cuándo ocurra. Si ocurre antes del parto, su profesional de la salud puede inducir (iniciar) el parto o recurrir a una cirugía para extraer el feto (cesárea). Si ocurre durante el parto, será necesario extraer o expulsar la placenta.\nIndependientemente de cuándo ocurra, perder un embarazo puede ser difícil. La asesoría puede ayudarle a sobrellevar el dolor. Más adelante, si usted desea intentarlo de nuevo, trabaje de cerca con su profesional de la salud para disminuir los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que experimentan una muerte fetal tienen bebés sanos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0444","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-conditions-starting-around-birth","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-conditions-starting-around-birth","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"P96","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"KD3Y","display":"Other specified disorders originating in the perinatal period","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/861066692/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#861066692/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other conditions starting around birth","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte afecțiuni cu originea în perioada perinatală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حالات أخرى تنشأ في الفترة المحيطة بالولادة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné stavy vzniklé v perinatálním období","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Zustände mit Ursprung in der Perinatalperiode","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες καταστάσεις της περιγεννητικής περιόδου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras afecciones originadas en el período perinatal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres affections d'origine périnatale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"जन्म के आसपास शुरू होने वाली अन्य स्थितियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb perinatális eredetű állapotok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre condizioni di origine perinatale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の周産期に発生した病態","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 주산기 기원 병태","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne stany rozpoczynające się w okresie okołoporodowym","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras afeções originadas no período perinatal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие состояния перинатального периода","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné stavy vzniknuté v perinatálnom období","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Perinatal dönemde başlayan diğer durumlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші стани перинатального періоду","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"起源于围生期的其他情况","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Common Infant and Newborn Problems","text":"It is hard when your baby is sick. Common health problems in babies include colds, coughs, fevers, and vomiting. Babies also commonly have skin problems, like diaper rash or cradle cap.\nMany of these problems are not serious. It is important to know how to help your sick baby, and to know the warning signs for more serious problems. Trust your intuition - if you are worried about your baby, call your health care provider right away.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos","text":"Es un momento difícil cuando su bebé está enfermo. Los problemas de salud más comunes en los bebés incluyen resfríos, tos, fiebre y vómitos. Los bebes también puede tener problemas de piel, como sarpullido del pañal o costra láctea.\nMuchos de estos problemas no son serios. Es importante saber cómo ayudar a su bebé enfermo y cómo reconocer las señales de aviso de problemas más serios. Confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0445","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"anencephaly","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/anencephaly","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q00","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LA00.Z","display":"Anencephaly or similar anomalies, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/458634958/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#458634958/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Anencephaly","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anencefalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انعدام الدماغ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Anencefalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Anenzephalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανεγκεφαλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Anencefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anencéphalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एनेनसेफली","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Anencephalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anencefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"無脳症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"무뇌증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bezmózgowie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Anencefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Анэнцефалия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Anencefália","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anensefali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аненцефалія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"无脑畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Neural Tube Defects","text":"Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. In spina bifida, the fetal spinal column doesn't close completely. There is usually nerve damage that causes at least some paralysis of the legs. In anencephaly, most of the brain and skull do not develop. Babies with anencephaly are usually either stillborn or die shortly after birth. Another type of defect, Chiari malformation, causes the brain tissue to extend into the spinal canal.\nThe exact causes of neural tube defects aren't known. You're at greater risk of having an infant with a neural tube defect if you:\n• Have obesity\n• Have poorly controlled diabetes\n• Take certain antiseizure medicines\nGetting enough folic acid, a type of B vitamin, before and during pregnancy prevents most neural tube defects.\nNeural tube defects are usually diagnosed before the infant is born, through lab or imaging tests. There is no cure for neural tube defects. The nerve damage and loss of function that are present at birth are usually permanent. However, a variety of treatments can sometimes prevent further damage and help with complications.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Defectos del tubo neural","text":"Los defectos del tubo neural son defectos congénitos del cerebro, la columna vertebral y la médula espinal. Se producen en el primer mes de embarazo, muchas veces antes que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. Los dos defectos más comunes son la espina bífida y la anencefalia. En la espina bífida, la columna vertebral del feto no llega a cerrarse del todo. Suele haber un daño a los nervios que causa parálisis leve en las piernas. En la anencefalia, gran parte del cerebro y cráneo no se desarrolla. Generalmente, los bebés con anencefalia nacen sin vida o mueren poco tiempo después de nacer. Otro tipo de defecto del tubo neural son las malformaciones de Chiari, que causa que el tejido cerebral se extienda al canal espinal.\nNo se conocen las causas de los defectos del tubo neural. Existen mayores riesgos de que un feto los desarrolle si la madre:\n• Tiene obesidad\n• Sufre de diabetes y no está bien controlada\n• Toma ciertos medicamentos para las convulsiones\nTomar suficiente ácido fólico, un tipo de vitamina B, antes y durante el embarazo, previene la mayoría de los defectos del tubo neural.\nEn general, los defectos del tubo neural se diagnostican antes de que el niño nazca a través de exámenes de laboratorio o de imagen. No existe una cura para estas afecciones. El daño a los nervios y la pérdida de las funciones, muchas veces son permanentes. Sin embargo, una variedad de tratamientos pueden, a veces, prevenir daños futuros y ayudar con las complicaciones.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0446","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cephalocele","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cephalocele","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q01","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Encefalocel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"القيلة الدماغية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Encefalokéla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Enzephalozele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εγκεφαλοκήλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Encefalocele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Encéphalocèle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एन्सेफैलोसील","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Encephalokele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Encefalocele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脳瘤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"뇌류","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Przepuklina mózgowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Encefalocele","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Энцефалоцеле","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Encefalokéla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ensefalosel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Енцефалоцеле","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脑膨出","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Encephalocele","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Neural Tube Defects","text":"Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. In spina bifida, the fetal spinal column doesn't close completely. There is usually nerve damage that causes at least some paralysis of the legs. In anencephaly, most of the brain and skull do not develop. Babies with anencephaly are usually either stillborn or die shortly after birth. Another type of defect, Chiari malformation, causes the brain tissue to extend into the spinal canal.\nThe exact causes of neural tube defects aren't known. You're at greater risk of having an infant with a neural tube defect if you:\n• Have obesity\n• Have poorly controlled diabetes\n• Take certain antiseizure medicines\nGetting enough folic acid, a type of B vitamin, before and during pregnancy prevents most neural tube defects.\nNeural tube defects are usually diagnosed before the infant is born, through lab or imaging tests. There is no cure for neural tube defects. The nerve damage and loss of function that are present at birth are usually permanent. However, a variety of treatments can sometimes prevent further damage and help with complications.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Defectos del tubo neural","text":"Los defectos del tubo neural son defectos congénitos del cerebro, la columna vertebral y la médula espinal. Se producen en el primer mes de embarazo, muchas veces antes que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. Los dos defectos más comunes son la espina bífida y la anencefalia. En la espina bífida, la columna vertebral del feto no llega a cerrarse del todo. Suele haber un daño a los nervios que causa parálisis leve en las piernas. En la anencefalia, gran parte del cerebro y cráneo no se desarrolla. Generalmente, los bebés con anencefalia nacen sin vida o mueren poco tiempo después de nacer. Otro tipo de defecto del tubo neural son las malformaciones de Chiari, que causa que el tejido cerebral se extienda al canal espinal.\nNo se conocen las causas de los defectos del tubo neural. Existen mayores riesgos de que un feto los desarrolle si la madre:\n• Tiene obesidad\n• Sufre de diabetes y no está bien controlada\n• Toma ciertos medicamentos para las convulsiones\nTomar suficiente ácido fólico, un tipo de vitamina B, antes y durante el embarazo, previene la mayoría de los defectos del tubo neural.\nEn general, los defectos del tubo neural se diagnostican antes de que el niño nazca a través de exámenes de laboratorio o de imagen. No existe una cura para estas afecciones. El daño a los nervios y la pérdida de las funciones, muchas veces son permanentes. Sin embargo, una variedad de tratamientos pueden, a veces, prevenir daños futuros y ayudar con las complicaciones.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0447","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"microcephaly","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/microcephaly","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q02","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LA05.0","display":"Microcephaly","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/179350437","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#179350437"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Microcephaly","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Microcefalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صغر الرأس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mikrocefalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mikrozephalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μικροκεφαλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Microcefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Microcéphalie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"माइक्रोसेफली","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mikrokefália","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Microcefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"小頭症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"소두증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Małogłowie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Microcefalia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Микроцефалия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mikrocefália","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mikrosefali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мікроцефалія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"小头畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Brain Malformations","text":"Most brain malformations begin long before a baby is born. Something damages the developing nervous system or causes it to develop abnormally. Sometimes it's a genetic problem. In other cases, exposure to certain medicines, infections, or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Parts of the brain may be missing, abnormally small or large, or not fully developed.\nTreatment depends upon the problem. In many cases, treatment only helps with symptoms. It may include antiseizure medicines, shunts to drain fluid from the brain, and physical therapy.\nThere are head malformations that do not involve the brain. Craniofacial disorders are the result of abnormal growth of soft tissue and bones in the face and head. It's common for new babies to have slightly uneven heads, but parents should watch the shape of their baby's head for possible problems.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Malformaciones del cerebro","text":"La mayoría de las malformaciones cerebrales comienza mucho antes del nacimiento de un bebé. Algo daña el sistema nervioso en desarrollo o provoca un desarrollo anormal. A veces el problema es genético. En otras, la exposición a ciertas medicinas, infecciones o radiación durante el embarazo interfiere con el desarrollo del cerebro. Partes del cerebro pueden estar ausentes, ser anormalmente grandes o pequeñas, o no desarrollarse en su totalidad.\nEl tratamiento depende del problema. En muchos casos, el tratamiento sólo ayuda con los síntomas. Puede incluir medicamentos anticonvulsivos, válvulas para drenar líquido del cerebro y terapia física.\nExisten malformaciones de la cabeza que no involucran al cerebro. Las anomalías craneofaciales son resultado del crecimiento anormal del tejido blando y los huesos de la cara y la cabeza. Es común que los bebés recién nacidos tengan la cabeza ligeramente torcida, pero los padres deben vigilar la forma de la cabeza del niño para detectar posibles problemas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0448","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"congenital-hydrocephalus-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/congenital-hydrocephalus-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q03","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hidrocefalie congenitală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"استسقاء الرأس الخلقي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vrozený hydrocefalus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Angeborener Hydrozephalus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συγγενής υδροκέφαλος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hidrocefalia congénita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hydrocéphalie congénitale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"जन्मजात हाइड्रोसेफलस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Veleszületett vízfejűség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Idrocefalo congenito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"先天性水頭症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"선천성 수두증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wrodzone wodogłowie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hidrocefalia congénita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Врождённая гидроцефалия","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vrodený hydrocefalus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Doğuştan hidrosefali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вроджена гідроцефалія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"先天性脑积水","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Congenital hydrocephalus","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hydrocephalus","text":"Hydrocephalus is the buildup of too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Normally, this fluid cushions your brain. When you have too much, though, it puts harmful pressure on your brain.\nHydrocephalus can be congenital, or present at birth. Causes include genetic problems and problems with how the fetus develops. An unusually large head is the main sign of congenital hydrocephalus.\nHydrocephalus can also happen after birth. This is called acquired hydrocephalus. It can occur at any age. Causes can include head injuries, strokes, infections, tumors, and bleeding in the brain. Symptoms include:\n• Headache\n• Vomiting and nausea\n• Blurry vision\n• Balance problems\n• Bladder control problems\n• Thinking and memory problems\nHydrocephalus can permanently damage the brain, causing problems with physical and mental development. If untreated, it is usually fatal. With treatment, many people lead normal lives with few limitations. Treatment usually involves surgery to insert a shunt. A shunt is a flexible but sturdy plastic tube. The shunt moves the cerebrospinal fluid to another area of the body where it can be absorbed. Medicine and rehabilitation therapy can also help.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hidrocefalia","text":"La hidrocefalia es la acumulación de una cantidad excesiva de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el cerebro. Normalmente, este fluido protege y amortigua el cerebro. Sin embargo, demasiado líquido ejerce una presión dañina para el cerebro.\nLa hidrocefalia puede ser congénita, que se presenta al nacer. Sus causas incluyen problemas genéticos y problemas que se desarrollan en el feto durante el embarazo. El principal signo de la hidrocefalia congénita es una cabeza con un tamaño fuera de lo normal.\nLa hidrocefalia también puede presentarse después de nacer. Esto se llama hidrocefalia adquirida. Puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Las causas pueden incluir traumatismos en la cabeza, derrames cerebrales, infecciones, tumores y hemorragia cerebral.\nLos síntomas de la hidrocefalia pueden incluir:\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Vómitos y náusea\n• Visión borrosa\n• Problemas de equilibrio\n• Problemas para controlar la vejiga\n• Problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria\nLa hidrocefalia puede causar daños permanentes en el cerebro y provocar problemas con el desarrollo físico y mental. Cuando no se trata, suele ser mortal. Con tratamiento, muchas personas llevan una vida normal, con ciertas limitaciones. El tratamiento suele incluir una cirugía para implantar una derivación. Una derivación es un tubo flexible pero robusto. Este desvía el flujo del líquido cefalorraquídeo a otra zona del cuerpo donde pueda ser absorbido. Las medicinas y la rehabilitación también pueden ayudar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0449","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-congenital-brain-malformations","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-congenital-brain-malformations","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q04","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other congenital brain malformations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte malformații congenitale ale creierului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات خلقية أخرى في الدماغ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné vrozené vady mozku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere angeborene Fehlbildungen des Gehirns","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες συγγενείς δυσπλασίες του εγκεφάλου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras malformaciones congénitas del cerebro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres malformations congénitales du cerveau","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्तिष्क की अन्य जन्मजात विकृतियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az agy egyéb veleszületett rendellenességei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malformazioni congenite del cervello","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の脳の先天奇形","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 뇌의 선천 기형","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne wrodzone wady mózgu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras malformações congénitas do cérebro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие врождённые пороки мозга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné vrodené chyby mozgu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer doğuştan beyin malformasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші вроджені вади мозку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他先天性脑畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Brain Malformations","text":"Most brain malformations begin long before a baby is born. Something damages the developing nervous system or causes it to develop abnormally. Sometimes it's a genetic problem. In other cases, exposure to certain medicines, infections, or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Parts of the brain may be missing, abnormally small or large, or not fully developed.\nTreatment depends upon the problem. In many cases, treatment only helps with symptoms. It may include antiseizure medicines, shunts to drain fluid from the brain, and physical therapy.\nThere are head malformations that do not involve the brain. Craniofacial disorders are the result of abnormal growth of soft tissue and bones in the face and head. It's common for new babies to have slightly uneven heads, but parents should watch the shape of their baby's head for possible problems.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Malformaciones del cerebro","text":"La mayoría de las malformaciones cerebrales comienza mucho antes del nacimiento de un bebé. Algo daña el sistema nervioso en desarrollo o provoca un desarrollo anormal. A veces el problema es genético. En otras, la exposición a ciertas medicinas, infecciones o radiación durante el embarazo interfiere con el desarrollo del cerebro. Partes del cerebro pueden estar ausentes, ser anormalmente grandes o pequeñas, o no desarrollarse en su totalidad.\nEl tratamiento depende del problema. En muchos casos, el tratamiento sólo ayuda con los síntomas. Puede incluir medicamentos anticonvulsivos, válvulas para drenar líquido del cerebro y terapia física.\nExisten malformaciones de la cabeza que no involucran al cerebro. Las anomalías craneofaciales son resultado del crecimiento anormal del tejido blando y los huesos de la cara y la cabeza. Es común que los bebés recién nacidos tengan la cabeza ligeramente torcida, pero los padres deben vigilar la forma de la cabeza del niño para detectar posibles problemas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0450","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"spina-bifida","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/spina-bifida","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q05","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LA02.Z","display":"Spina bifida, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2036217905/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2036217905/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Spina Bifida","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Espina bífida","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Spina bifida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"السنسنة المشقوقة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozštěp páteře","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Spina bifida (offener Rücken)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δισχιδής ράχη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Spina bifida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्पाइना बिफिडा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nyitott gerinc (spina bifida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Spina bifida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"二分脊椎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이분척추","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozszczep kręgosłupa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Espinha bífida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расщепление позвоночника (spina bifida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rázštep chrbtice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Spina bifida (açık omurga)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розщеплення хребта (spina bifida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脊柱裂","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cleft spine"},{"lang":"en","text":"Open spine"},{"lang":"en","text":"Myelomeningocele"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Spina Bifida","text":"Spina bifida is a neural tube defect - a type of birth defect of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. It happens if the spinal column of the fetus doesn't close completely during the first month of pregnancy. This can damage the nerves and spinal cord. Screening tests during pregnancy can check for spina bifida. Sometimes it is discovered only after the baby is born.\nThe symptoms of spina bifida vary from person to person. Most people with spina bifida are of normal intelligence. Some people need assistive devices such as braces, crutches, or wheelchairs. They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems, or hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain.\nThe exact cause of spina bifida is unknown. It seems to run in families. Taking folic acid can reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. It's in most multivitamins. Women who could become pregnant should take it daily.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Espina bífida","text":"La espina bífida es un defecto del tubo neural, un tipo de defecto congénito del cerebro, la columna vertebral o de la médula espinal. Ocurre si la columna vertebral del feto no se cierra completamente durante el primer mes de embarazo. Esto puede dañar los nervios y la médula espinal. Pruebas de detección durante el embarazo pueden diagnosticar espina bífida. A veces se descubre sólo después del nacimiento del bebé.\nLos síntomas de la espina bífida varían de persona a persona. La mayoría de las personas con espina bífida poseen una inteligencia normal. Otras necesitan dispositivos de asistencia, como aparatos ortopédicos, muletas o sillas de ruedas. También pueden presentar dificultades de aprendizaje, problemas urinarios e intestinales o hidrocefalia, una acumulación de líquido en el cerebro.\nSe desconoce la causa exacta de la espina bífida, aunque parece presentarse en familias. Tomar ácido fólico puede reducir el riesgo de tener un bebé con espina bífida, y éste se encuentra en la mayoría de los suplementos multivitamínicos. Las mujeres que pueden quedar embarazadas deben tomarlo a diario.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0451","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-congenital-spinal-cord-malformations","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-congenital-spinal-cord-malformations","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q06","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LA07.Z","display":"Structural developmental anomalies of the neurenteric canal, spinal cord or vertebral column, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/725439990/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#725439990/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other congenital spinal cord malformations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte malformații congenitale ale măduvei spinării","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات خلقية أخرى في الحبل الشوكي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné vrozené vady míchy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere angeborene Fehlbildungen des Rückenmarks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες συγγενείς δυσπλασίες του νωτιαίου μυελού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras malformaciones congénitas de la médula espinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres malformations congénitales de la moelle épinière","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रीढ़ की हड्डी की अन्य जन्मजात विकृतियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A gerincvelő egyéb veleszületett rendellenességei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malformazioni congenite del midollo spinale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の脊髄の先天奇形","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 척수의 선천 기형","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne wrodzone wady rdzenia kręgowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras malformações congénitas da medula espinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие врождённые пороки спинного мозга","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné vrodené chyby miechy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer doğuştan omurilik malformasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші вроджені вади спинного мозку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他先天性脊髓畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Neural Tube Defects","text":"Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. In spina bifida, the fetal spinal column doesn't close completely. There is usually nerve damage that causes at least some paralysis of the legs. In anencephaly, most of the brain and skull do not develop. Babies with anencephaly are usually either stillborn or die shortly after birth. Another type of defect, Chiari malformation, causes the brain tissue to extend into the spinal canal.\nThe exact causes of neural tube defects aren't known. You're at greater risk of having an infant with a neural tube defect if you:\n• Have obesity\n• Have poorly controlled diabetes\n• Take certain antiseizure medicines\nGetting enough folic acid, a type of B vitamin, before and during pregnancy prevents most neural tube defects.\nNeural tube defects are usually diagnosed before the infant is born, through lab or imaging tests. There is no cure for neural tube defects. The nerve damage and loss of function that are present at birth are usually permanent. However, a variety of treatments can sometimes prevent further damage and help with complications.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Defectos del tubo neural","text":"Los defectos del tubo neural son defectos congénitos del cerebro, la columna vertebral y la médula espinal. Se producen en el primer mes de embarazo, muchas veces antes que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. Los dos defectos más comunes son la espina bífida y la anencefalia. En la espina bífida, la columna vertebral del feto no llega a cerrarse del todo. Suele haber un daño a los nervios que causa parálisis leve en las piernas. En la anencefalia, gran parte del cerebro y cráneo no se desarrolla. Generalmente, los bebés con anencefalia nacen sin vida o mueren poco tiempo después de nacer. Otro tipo de defecto del tubo neural son las malformaciones de Chiari, que causa que el tejido cerebral se extienda al canal espinal.\nNo se conocen las causas de los defectos del tubo neural. Existen mayores riesgos de que un feto los desarrolle si la madre:\n• Tiene obesidad\n• Sufre de diabetes y no está bien controlada\n• Toma ciertos medicamentos para las convulsiones\nTomar suficiente ácido fólico, un tipo de vitamina B, antes y durante el embarazo, previene la mayoría de los defectos del tubo neural.\nEn general, los defectos del tubo neural se diagnostican antes de que el niño nazca a través de exámenes de laboratorio o de imagen. No existe una cura para estas afecciones. El daño a los nervios y la pérdida de las funciones, muchas veces son permanentes. Sin embargo, una variedad de tratamientos pueden, a veces, prevenir daños futuros y ayudar con las complicaciones.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0452","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-congenital-nervous-system-malformations","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-congenital-nervous-system-malformations","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q07","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other congenital nervous system malformations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte malformații congenitale ale sistemului nervos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات خلقية أخرى في الجهاز العصبي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné vrozené vady nervového systému","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere angeborene Fehlbildungen des Nervensystems","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες συγγενείς δυσπλασίες του νευρικού συστήματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras malformaciones congénitas del sistema nervioso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres malformations congénitales du système nerveux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तंत्रिका तंत्र की अन्य जन्मजात विकृतियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az idegrendszer egyéb veleszületett rendellenességei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malformazioni congenite del sistema nervoso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の神経系の先天奇形","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 신경계의 선천 기형","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne wrodzone wady układu nerwowego","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras malformações congénitas do sistema nervoso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие врождённые пороки нервной системы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné vrodené chyby nervového systému","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer doğuştan sinir sistemi malformasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші вроджені вади нервової системи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他先天性神经系统畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Brain Malformations","text":"Most brain malformations begin long before a baby is born. Something damages the developing nervous system or causes it to develop abnormally. Sometimes it's a genetic problem. In other cases, exposure to certain medicines, infections, or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Parts of the brain may be missing, abnormally small or large, or not fully developed.\nTreatment depends upon the problem. In many cases, treatment only helps with symptoms. It may include antiseizure medicines, shunts to drain fluid from the brain, and physical therapy.\nThere are head malformations that do not involve the brain. Craniofacial disorders are the result of abnormal growth of soft tissue and bones in the face and head. It's common for new babies to have slightly uneven heads, but parents should watch the shape of their baby's head for possible problems.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Malformaciones del cerebro","text":"La mayoría de las malformaciones cerebrales comienza mucho antes del nacimiento de un bebé. Algo daña el sistema nervioso en desarrollo o provoca un desarrollo anormal. A veces el problema es genético. En otras, la exposición a ciertas medicinas, infecciones o radiación durante el embarazo interfiere con el desarrollo del cerebro. Partes del cerebro pueden estar ausentes, ser anormalmente grandes o pequeñas, o no desarrollarse en su totalidad.\nEl tratamiento depende del problema. En muchos casos, el tratamiento sólo ayuda con los síntomas. Puede incluir medicamentos anticonvulsivos, válvulas para drenar líquido del cerebro y terapia física.\nExisten malformaciones de la cabeza que no involucran al cerebro. Las anomalías craneofaciales son resultado del crecimiento anormal del tejido blando y los huesos de la cara y la cabeza. Es común que los bebés recién nacidos tengan la cabeza ligeramente torcida, pero los padres deben vigilar la forma de la cabeza del niño para detectar posibles problemas.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0453","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-congenital-face-and-neck-malformations","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-congenital-face-and-neck-malformations","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q18","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LD0Z","display":"Structural developmental anomalies primarily affecting one body system, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/258484393/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#258484393/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other congenital face and neck malformations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte malformații congenitale ale feței și gâtului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات خلقية أخرى في الوجه والرقبة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné vrozené vady obličeje a krku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere angeborene Fehlbildungen von Gesicht und Hals","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες συγγενείς δυσπλασίες προσώπου και τραχήλου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras malformaciones congénitas de cara y cuello","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres malformations congénitales de la face et du cou","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चेहरे और गर्दन की अन्य जन्मजात विकृतियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az arc és a nyak egyéb veleszületett rendellenességei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malformazioni congenite di viso e collo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の顔面・頸部の先天奇形","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 얼굴 및 목의 선천 기형","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne wrodzone wady twarzy i szyi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras malformações congénitas da face e pescoço","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие врождённые пороки лица и шеи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné vrodené chyby tváre a krku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer doğuştan yüz ve boyun malformasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші вроджені вади обличчя та шиї","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他先天性面颈部畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Craniofacial Abnormalities","text":"Craniofacial is a medical term that relates to the bones of the skull and face. Craniofacial abnormalities are birth defects of the face or head. Some, like cleft lip and palate, are among the most common of all birth defects. Others are very rare. Most of them affect how a person's face or head looks. These conditions may also affect other parts of the body.\nTreatment depends on the type of problem. Plastic and reconstructive surgery may help the person's appearance.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Anomalías craneofaciales","text":"La palabra craneofacial es un término médico que está relacionado con los huesos del cráneo y de la cara. Las anomalías craneofaciales son defectos de nacimiento de la cara o de la cabeza. Algunos defectos, como el labio y paladar leporino, son los más comunes de todos los defectos congénitos. Otros son muy raros. La mayoría de estas anomalías afectan el aspecto de la cara o de la cabeza. Estos problemas pueden afectar otras partes del cuerpo.\nEl tratamiento depende del tipo de problema. La cirugía plástica y reconstructiva puede cambiar la apariencia de una persona.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0454","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cleft-palate-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cleft-palate-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q35","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Palatoschizis (despicătură de palat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الحنك المشقوق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozštěp patra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gaumenspalte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λυκόστομα (σχιστία υπερώας)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paladar hendido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fente palatine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तालु का कटा होना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szájpadhasadék","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Palatoschisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口蓋裂","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구개열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozszczep podniebienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fenda palatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расщелина нёба","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rázštep podnebia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Damak yarığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розщелина піднебіння","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腭裂","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cleft palate","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cleft Lip and Palate","text":"Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects that occur when a baby's lip or mouth do not form properly. They happen early during pregnancy. A baby can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both.\nA cleft lip happens if the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. This causes an opening in the upper lip. The opening can be a small slit or a large opening that goes through the lip into the nose. It can be on one or both sides of the lip or, rarely, in the middle of the lip.\nChildren with a cleft lip also can have a cleft palate. The roof of the mouth is called the \"palate.\" With a cleft palate, the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join correctly. Babies may have both the front and back parts of the palate open, or they may have only one part open.\nChildren with a cleft lip or a cleft palate often have problems with feeding and talking. They also might have ear infections, hearing loss, and problems with their teeth.\nOften, surgery can close the lip and palate. Cleft lip surgery is usually done before age 12 months, and cleft palate surgery is done before 18 months. Many children have other complications. They may need additional surgeries, dental and orthodontic care, and speech therapy as they get older. With treatment, most children with clefts do well and lead a healthy life.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Labio leporino y paladar hendido","text":"El paladar hendido y el labio leporino son defectos congénitos. Ocurre cuando el labio superior y el paladar no se desarrollan correctamente. Esto sucede en los primeros meses de embarazo. Un bebé puede tener paladar hendido o labio leporino o ambos.\nEl labio leporino ocurre cuando el tejido que forma el paladar y el labio superior no se unen antes del nacimiento. Esto causa una abertura en el labio superior. Esta abertura puede ser pequeña o puede ser una grande que va desde el labio hasta la nariz. Puede ser en un lado u otro del labio, o con menor frecuencia, en el medio del labio.\nAlgunos niños con labio leporino pueden tener el paladar hendido. Esto sucede cuando el tejido que forma el paladar no se une correctamente. Algunos bebés pueden tener estas hendiduras en la parte de adelante o atrás del paladar. Otros solo tienen una parte del paladar hendida.\nLos niños con esta afección pueden tener problemas para comer o hablar. También pueden tener infecciones de oídos, pérdida de audición y problemas con sus dientes.\nA menudo, una cirugía puede cerrar el labio y el paladar. La cirugía para el labio leporino se hace, generalmente, antes de los 12 meses de edad. La cirugía para el paladar hendido se realiza antes de los 18 meses. Muchos niños pueden tener otras complicaciones. Pueden necesitar otras cirugías, cuidado dental y ortodoncia y terapia del habla cuando crezcan.\nCon tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con hendiduras orofaciales tienen buenos resultados y una vida saludable.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0455","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cleft-lip-unspecified","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cleft-lip-unspecified","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q36","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cheiloschizis (buză de iepure)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشفة المشقوقة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozštěp rtu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lippenspalte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λαγόχειλο (σχιστία χείλους)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Labio leporino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fente labiale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"होंठ का कटा होना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ajakhasadék","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Labbro leporino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口唇裂","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구순열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozszczep wargi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lábio leporino (fenda labial)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расщелина губы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rázštep pery","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dudak yarığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розщелина губи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"唇裂","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cleft lip","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cleft Lip and Palate","text":"Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects that occur when a baby's lip or mouth do not form properly. They happen early during pregnancy. A baby can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both.\nA cleft lip happens if the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. This causes an opening in the upper lip. The opening can be a small slit or a large opening that goes through the lip into the nose. It can be on one or both sides of the lip or, rarely, in the middle of the lip.\nChildren with a cleft lip also can have a cleft palate. The roof of the mouth is called the \"palate.\" With a cleft palate, the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join correctly. Babies may have both the front and back parts of the palate open, or they may have only one part open.\nChildren with a cleft lip or a cleft palate often have problems with feeding and talking. They also might have ear infections, hearing loss, and problems with their teeth.\nOften, surgery can close the lip and palate. Cleft lip surgery is usually done before age 12 months, and cleft palate surgery is done before 18 months. Many children have other complications. They may need additional surgeries, dental and orthodontic care, and speech therapy as they get older. With treatment, most children with clefts do well and lead a healthy life.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Labio leporino y paladar hendido","text":"El paladar hendido y el labio leporino son defectos congénitos. Ocurre cuando el labio superior y el paladar no se desarrollan correctamente. Esto sucede en los primeros meses de embarazo. Un bebé puede tener paladar hendido o labio leporino o ambos.\nEl labio leporino ocurre cuando el tejido que forma el paladar y el labio superior no se unen antes del nacimiento. Esto causa una abertura en el labio superior. Esta abertura puede ser pequeña o puede ser una grande que va desde el labio hasta la nariz. Puede ser en un lado u otro del labio, o con menor frecuencia, en el medio del labio.\nAlgunos niños con labio leporino pueden tener el paladar hendido. Esto sucede cuando el tejido que forma el paladar no se une correctamente. Algunos bebés pueden tener estas hendiduras en la parte de adelante o atrás del paladar. Otros solo tienen una parte del paladar hendida.\nLos niños con esta afección pueden tener problemas para comer o hablar. También pueden tener infecciones de oídos, pérdida de audición y problemas con sus dientes.\nA menudo, una cirugía puede cerrar el labio y el paladar. La cirugía para el labio leporino se hace, generalmente, antes de los 12 meses de edad. La cirugía para el paladar hendido se realiza antes de los 18 meses. Muchos niños pueden tener otras complicaciones. Pueden necesitar otras cirugías, cuidado dental y ortodoncia y terapia del habla cuando crezcan.\nCon tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con hendiduras orofaciales tienen buenos resultados y una vida saludable.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0456","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"cleft-lip-and-palate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/cleft-lip-and-palate","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q37","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LA4Z","display":"Clefts of lip, alveolus or palate, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1481115868/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1481115868/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cleft lip and palate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cheilopalatoschizis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الشفة والحنك المشقوقان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozštěp rtu a patra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λαγόχειλο με λυκόστομα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Labio leporino con paladar hendido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fente labio-palatine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कटा होंठ और तालु","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ajak- és szájpadhasadék","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Labiopalatoschisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口唇口蓋裂","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구순구개열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozszczep wargi i podniebienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fenda labiopalatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Расщелина губы и нёба","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rázštep pery a podnebia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dudak ve damak yarığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розщелина губи та піднебіння","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"唇腭裂","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cleft Lip and Palate","text":"Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects that occur when a baby's lip or mouth do not form properly. They happen early during pregnancy. A baby can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both.\nA cleft lip happens if the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. This causes an opening in the upper lip. The opening can be a small slit or a large opening that goes through the lip into the nose. It can be on one or both sides of the lip or, rarely, in the middle of the lip.\nChildren with a cleft lip also can have a cleft palate. The roof of the mouth is called the \"palate.\" With a cleft palate, the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join correctly. Babies may have both the front and back parts of the palate open, or they may have only one part open.\nChildren with a cleft lip or a cleft palate often have problems with feeding and talking. They also might have ear infections, hearing loss, and problems with their teeth.\nOften, surgery can close the lip and palate. Cleft lip surgery is usually done before age 12 months, and cleft palate surgery is done before 18 months. Many children have other complications. They may need additional surgeries, dental and orthodontic care, and speech therapy as they get older. With treatment, most children with clefts do well and lead a healthy life.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Labio leporino y paladar hendido","text":"El paladar hendido y el labio leporino son defectos congénitos. Ocurre cuando el labio superior y el paladar no se desarrollan correctamente. Esto sucede en los primeros meses de embarazo. Un bebé puede tener paladar hendido o labio leporino o ambos.\nEl labio leporino ocurre cuando el tejido que forma el paladar y el labio superior no se unen antes del nacimiento. Esto causa una abertura en el labio superior. Esta abertura puede ser pequeña o puede ser una grande que va desde el labio hasta la nariz. Puede ser en un lado u otro del labio, o con menor frecuencia, en el medio del labio.\nAlgunos niños con labio leporino pueden tener el paladar hendido. Esto sucede cuando el tejido que forma el paladar no se une correctamente. Algunos bebés pueden tener estas hendiduras en la parte de adelante o atrás del paladar. Otros solo tienen una parte del paladar hendida.\nLos niños con esta afección pueden tener problemas para comer o hablar. También pueden tener infecciones de oídos, pérdida de audición y problemas con sus dientes.\nA menudo, una cirugía puede cerrar el labio y el paladar. La cirugía para el labio leporino se hace, generalmente, antes de los 12 meses de edad. La cirugía para el paladar hendido se realiza antes de los 18 meses. Muchos niños pueden tener otras complicaciones. Pueden necesitar otras cirugías, cuidado dental y ortodoncia y terapia del habla cuando crezcan.\nCon tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con hendiduras orofaciales tienen buenos resultados y una vida saludable.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0457","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"polycystic-and-cystic-kidney-disease","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/polycystic-and-cystic-kidney-disease","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q61","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Polycystic and cystic kidney disease","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Boală renală chistică (inclusiv polichistică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مرض الكلى الكيسي (بما في ذلك الكلى متعددة الكيسات)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cystické onemocnění ledvin (včetně polycystózy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zystische Nierenkrankheit (einschließlich Zystennieren)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κυστική νεφρική νόσος (περιλαμβάνεται η πολυκυστική)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfermedad renal quística (incluida la poliquistosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maladie kystique des reins (dont polykystose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गुर्दे का सिस्टिक रोग (पॉलीसिस्टिक सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cisztás vesebetegség (policisztás vese is)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Malattia cistica renale (incluso il rene policistico)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"嚢胞性腎疾患（多発性嚢胞腎を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"낭성 신장질환(다낭신 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Torbielowatość nerek (w tym wielotorbielowatość)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doença renal quística (incluindo rins policísticos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кистозная болезнь почек (включая поликистоз)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cystické ochorenie obličiek (vrátane polycystózy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kistik böbrek hastalığı (polikistik dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кістозна хвороба нирок (включно з полікістозом)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"囊性肾病（包括多囊肾）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Kidney Cysts","text":"A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. You may get simple kidney cysts as you age; they are usually harmless. There are also some diseases which cause kidney cysts. One type is polycystic kidney disease (PKD). It runs in families. In PKD, many cysts grow in the kidneys. This can enlarge the kidneys and make them work poorly. About half of people with the most common type of PKD end up with kidney failure. PKD also causes cysts in other parts of the body, such as the liver.\nOften, there are no symptoms at first. Later, symptoms include:\n• Pain in the back and lower sides\n• Headaches\n• Blood in the urine\nDoctors diagnose PKD with imaging tests and family history. There is no cure. Treatments can help with symptoms and complications. They include medicines and lifestyle changes, and if there is kidney failure, dialysis or kidney transplants.\nAcquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) happens in people who have chronic kidney disease, especially if they are on dialysis. Unlike PKD, the kidneys are normal sized, and cysts do not form in other parts of the body. ACKD often has no symptoms. Usually, the cysts are harmless and do not need treatment. If they do cause complications, treatments include medicines, draining the cysts, or surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Quistes renales","text":"Un quiste es un saco lleno de líquido. Existen dos tipos de quistes renales. Usted puede tener quistes renales simples a medida que envejece, los que usualmente son benignos (no cancerosos). También hay algunas enfermedades que causan quistes renales. Un tipo es la poliquistosis renal, que es hereditaria. En ésta, varios quistes crecen en los riñones. Estos pueden agrandar los riñones y hacer que funcionen mal. Cerca de la mitad de las personas con poliquistosis renal termina con una insuficiencia renal. También causa quistes en otras partes del cuerpo, como en el hígado.\nEn general, no se presentan síntomas al principio. Luego, los síntomas incluyen:\n• Dolor de espalda y a los costados bajos de la espalda\n• Dolores de cabeza\n• Sangre en la orina\nLos médicos diagnostican la poliquistosis renal con pruebas de imágenes y su historia familiar. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas y las complicaciones. Estos incluyen medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y, cuando las personas con riñones poliquísticos desarrollan insuficiencia renal, diálisis o un trasplante de riñón.\nLa enfermedad renal quística adquirida ocurre en personas que tienen enfermedad renal crónica, especialmente si están en diálisis. A diferencia de la poliquistosis renal, los riñones son de tamaño normal y no se forman quistes en otras partes del cuerpo. Esta enfermedad no tiene síntomas. En general, los quistes son inofensivos y no necesitan tratamiento. Si estos causan complicaciones, el tratamiento incluye medicinas, drenar los quistes o cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0458","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-congenital-skull-and-face-bone-malformations","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-congenital-skull-and-face-bone-malformations","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q75","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LB9Z","display":"Structural developmental anomalies of the skeleton, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/894625870/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#894625870/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other congenital skull and face bone malformations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte malformații congenitale ale oaselor craniului și feței","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوهات خلقية أخرى في عظام الجمجمة والوجه","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiné vrozené vady lebečních a obličejových kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere angeborene Fehlbildungen der Schädel- und Gesichtsknochen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες συγγενείς δυσπλασίες των οστών κρανίου και προσώπου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras malformaciones congénitas de los huesos del cráneo y la cara","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres malformations congénitales des os du crâne et de la face","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खोपड़ी और चेहरे की हड्डियों की अन्य जन्मजात विकृतियाँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A koponya- és arccsontok egyéb veleszületett rendellenességei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre malformazioni congenite delle ossa del cranio e del viso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の頭蓋骨・顔面骨の先天奇形","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 두개골 및 안면골의 선천 기형","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne wrodzone wady kości czaszki i twarzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras malformações congénitas dos ossos do crânio e face","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие врождённые пороки костей черепа и лица","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné vrodené chyby lebečných a tvárových kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer doğuştan kafatası ve yüz kemiği malformasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші вроджені вади кісток черепа та обличчя","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他先天性颅骨和面骨畸形","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Craniofacial Abnormalities","text":"Craniofacial is a medical term that relates to the bones of the skull and face. Craniofacial abnormalities are birth defects of the face or head. Some, like cleft lip and palate, are among the most common of all birth defects. Others are very rare. Most of them affect how a person's face or head looks. These conditions may also affect other parts of the body.\nTreatment depends on the type of problem. Plastic and reconstructive surgery may help the person's appearance.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Anomalías craneofaciales","text":"La palabra craneofacial es un término médico que está relacionado con los huesos del cráneo y de la cara. Las anomalías craneofaciales son defectos de nacimiento de la cara o de la cabeza. Algunos defectos, como el labio y paladar leporino, son los más comunes de todos los defectos congénitos. Otros son muy raros. La mayoría de estas anomalías afectan el aspecto de la cara o de la cabeza. Estos problemas pueden afectar otras partes del cuerpo.\nEl tratamiento depende del tipo de problema. La cirugía plástica y reconstructiva puede cambiar la apariencia de una persona.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0459","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"down-syndrome","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/down-syndrome","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q90","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Down Syndrome","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de Down","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindrom Down","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة داون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Downův syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Down-Syndrom (Trisomie 21)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο Down","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trisomie 21 (syndrome de Down)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डाउन सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Down-szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome di Down","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ダウン症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다운 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół Downa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de Down","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Синдром Дауна","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Downov syndróm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Down sendromu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Синдром Дауна","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"唐氏综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Trisomy 21"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Down Syndrome","text":"What is Down syndrome?\nDown syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome or an extra piece of a chromosome. This extra copy changes how a baby's body and brain develop. It can cause both mental and physical challenges during their lifetime. Even though people with Down syndrome might act and look similar, each person has different abilities.\nWhat causes Down syndrome?\nChromosomes are tiny \"packages\" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21. In some cases, they may have an extra copy of part of the chromosome. Having an extra copy of a chromosome is called trisomy. So sometimes Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21.\nDown syndrome is usually not inherited. It happens by chance, as an error when cells are dividing during early development of the fetus. It is not known for sure why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a role.\nOne factor that increases the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is the age of the mother. Women ages 35 and older are more likely to have a baby with Down syndrome.\nWhat are the symptoms of Down syndrome?\nThe symptoms of Down syndrome are different in each person. And people with Down syndrome may have different problems at different times of their lives. They usually have mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Their development is often delayed. For example, they may start talking later than other children.\nSome of the common physical signs of Down syndrome include:\n• A flat face\n• Eyes that slant up\n• A short neck\n• Small hands and feet\n• Poor muscle tone\n• Loose joints\nWhat other problems does Down syndrome cause?\nMany people with Down syndrome have the common physical signs and have healthy lives. But some people with Down syndrome might have one or more birth defects or other health problems. Some of the more common ones include:\n• Hearing loss\n• Sleep apnea (a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep)\n• Ear infections\n• Eye diseases\n• Congenital heart defects (heart defects that are present at birth)\n• Digestive problems\n• Problems with the upper part of the spine\n• Obesity\nHow is Down syndrome diagnosed?\nHealth care providers can check for Down syndrome during pregnancy or after a child is born.\nThere are two basic types of tests that help find Down syndrome during pregnancy:\n• Prenatal screening tests can show whether your unborn baby has a higher or lower chance of having Down syndrome. If a screening test shows that your baby could have Down syndrome, you'll need another test to find out for sure.\n• Prenatal diagnostic tests can diagnose or rule out Down syndrome by checking the chromosomes in a sample of cells. These tests have a small risk of causing a miscarriage, so they're often done after a screening test shows that an unborn baby could have Down syndrome.\nAfter a baby is born, the provider may make an initial diagnosis of Down syndrome based on the physical signs of the syndrome. The provider can use a karyotype genetic test to confirm the diagnosis. The test can check for extra chromosomes in a sample of the baby's blood.\nWhat are the treatments for Down syndrome?\nThere is no single, standard treatment for Down syndrome. Treatments are based on each person's physical and intellectual needs, strengths, and limitations.\nServices early in life focus on helping children with Down syndrome develop to their full potential. These services include speech, occupational, and physical therapies. They are typically offered through early intervention programs in each state. Children with Down syndrome may also need extra help or attention in school, although many children are included in regular classes.\nSince people with Down syndrome can have birth defects and other health problems, they will need regular medical care. They may need to have certain extra health screenings to check for problems that happen more often in people with Down syndrome.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Síndrome de Down","text":"¿Qué es el síndrome de Down?\nEl síndrome de Down es una afección en la que una persona tiene un cromosoma adicional o una parte adicional de un cromosoma. Esta copia adicional cambia la forma en que se desarrollan el cuerpo y el cerebro de un bebé. Esto puede causar desafíos tanto mentales como físicos durante la vida. Aunque las personas con síndrome de Down pueden actuar y verse de manera similar, cada persona tiene habilidades diferentes.\n¿Qué causa el síndrome de Down?\nLos cromosomas son pequeños \"paquetes\" en las células que contienen sus genes. Los genes contienen información, llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. Las personas con síndrome de Down tienen una copia extra del cromosoma 21. En algunos casos, pueden tener una copia extra de parte del cromosoma. Tener una copia extra de un cromosoma se llama trisomía. Por ello, en ocasiones el síndrome de Down también se conoce como trisomía 21.\nEn general, el síndrome de Down no se hereda. Ocurre por casualidad, como un error al dividirse las células durante el desarrollo temprano del feto. No se sabe con certeza por qué ocurre el síndrome de Down o cuántos factores diferentes juegan un papel.\nUn factor que aumenta el riesgo de tener un bebé con síndrome de Down es la edad de la madre. Las mujeres mayores de 35 años tienen más probabilidades de tener un bebé con síndrome de Down.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Down?\nLos síntomas del síndrome de Down son diferentes en cada persona, y quienes tienen síndrome de Down pueden tener distintos problemas en varios momentos de sus vidas. Suelen tener discapacidades intelectuales de leves a moderadas. A menudo, el desarrollo se retrasa. Por ejemplo, pueden comenzar a hablar más tarde que otros niños.\nAlgunos de los signos físicos comunes del síndrome de Down incluyen:\n• Rostro plano\n• Ojos que se inclinan hacia arriba\n• Cuello corto\n• Manos y pies pequeños\n• Débil tono muscular\n• Articulaciones sueltas\n¿Qué otros problemas causa el síndrome de Down?\nMuchas personas con síndrome de Down presentan los signos físicos comunes y tienen una vida saludable. Pero algunas personas con síndrome de Down pueden tener uno o más defectos de nacimiento u otros problemas de salud. Algunos de los más comunes incluyen:\n• Pérdida de la audición\n• Apnea del sueño (trastorno que provoca que deje de respirar repetidamente durante al dormir)\n• Infecciones de oído\n• Enfermedades de los ojos\n• Defectos cardíacos congénitos (presentes al nacer)\n• Problemas digestivos\n• Problemas con la parte superior de la columna\n• Obesidad\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Down?\nLos profesionales de la salud pueden detectar el síndrome de Down durante el embarazo o después del nacimiento de un niño.\nHay dos tipos básicos de pruebas que ayudan a detectar el síndrome de Down durante el embarazo:\n• Las pruebas de detección prenatales pueden mostrar si su bebé por nacer tiene una probabilidad mayor o menor de tener síndrome de Down. Si una prueba de detección muestra que su bebé podría tener síndrome de Down, necesitará otra prueba para confirmarlo\n• Las pruebas de diagnóstico prenatal pueden diagnosticar o descartar el síndrome de Down mediante la verificación de los cromosomas en una muestra de células. Estas pruebas tienen un pequeño riesgo de causar un aborto espontáneo, por lo que a menudo se realizan después de que una prueba de detección muestra que un bebé por nacer podría tener síndrome de Down\nDespués de que nace un bebé, el profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Down basado en los signos físicos de la afección. El proveedor puede usar una prueba genética de cariotipo para confirmar el diagnóstico. La prueba puede detectar cromosomas adicionales en una muestra de sangre del bebé.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Down?\nNo existe un tratamiento único y estándar para el síndrome de Down. Los tratamientos se basan en las necesidades, fortalezas y limitaciones físicas e intelectuales de cada persona.\nLos servicios tempranos en la vida se enfocan en ayudar a los niños con síndrome de Down a desarrollar todo su potencial. Estos servicios incluyen terapias del habla, ocupacionales y físicas. En general, se ofrecen a través de programas de intervención temprana en cada estado del país. Los niños con síndrome de Down también pueden necesitar ayuda o atención adicional en la escuela, aunque muchos niños asisten a clases regulares.\nDado que las personas con síndrome de Down pueden tener defectos de nacimiento y otros problemas de salud, necesitan atención médica constante. Es posible que deban someterse a ciertos exámenes de salud adicionales para detectar problemas que ocurren con más frecuencia en personas con síndrome de Down.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0460","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"turner-syndrome","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/turner-syndrome","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"Q96","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"LD50","display":"Number anomalies of chromosome X","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1293378897","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1293378897"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Turner Syndrome","review":"source"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de Turner","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindrom Turner","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمة تيرنر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Turnerův syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Turner-Syndrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομο Turner","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndrome de Turner","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टर्नर सिंड्रोम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Turner-szindróma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindrome di Turner","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ターナー症候群","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"터너 증후군","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespół Turnera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndrome de Turner","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Синдром Шерешевского-Тёрнера","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Turnerov syndróm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Turner sendromu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Синдром Шерешевського-Тернера","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"特纳综合征","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Turner Syndrome","text":"What is Turner syndrome?\nTurner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects a girl's development and appearance. It can also cause health problems such as infertility and heart problems.\nWhat causes Turner syndrome?\nTurner syndrome happens because of a problem with a chromosome. Chromosomes are tiny \"packages\" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. Normally, girls receive one X chromosome from each parent. Turner syndrome happens when one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing.\nWhat are the symptoms of Turner syndrome?\nTurner syndrome can cause many different symptoms. The symptoms may be mild for some people. But for others, Turner syndrome can cause serious health problems.\nSome of the symptoms of Turner syndrome affect a person's appearance. Most people with Turner syndrome are shorter than average. They may also have physical features such as:\n• A neck that is short and has extra skin (a \"webbed\" neck)\n• A low hairline in the back\n• Low-set ears\n• Swollen hands and feet\nPeople with Turner syndrome may be born with heart and kidney defects. They usually don't have typical sexual development and are infertile. They are also at risk for other health problems such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and thyroid problems.\nHow is Turner syndrome diagnosed?\nHealth care providers diagnose Turner syndrome based on symptoms and a genetic blood test called a karyotype test. Sometimes it is found in prenatal testing.\nWhat are the treatments for Turner syndrome?\nThere is no cure for Turner syndrome, but there are treatments for some of the symptoms:\n• If they are started in early childhood, hormone injections can often increase adult height by a few inches\n• Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) can help start sexual development. It also protects against bone loss\n• Assisted reproduction technologies can help some women with Turner syndrome get pregnant\nPeople who have Turner syndrome need regular health checks. It's also important for them to have a care team that includes specialists who can treat the health problems caused by Turner syndrome.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Síndrome de Turner","text":"¿Qué es el síndrome de Turner?\nEl síndrome de Turner es un trastorno genético que afecta el\ndesarrollo y la apariencia de una niña. También puede causar\nproblemas de salud como infertilidad y problemas del corazón.\n¿Qué causa el síndrome de Turner?\nEl síndrome de Turner ocurre debido a un problema con un\ncromosoma. Los cromosomas son pequeños \"paquetes\" en sus\ncélulas que contienen sus genes. Los genes tienen información,\nllamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo.\nNormalmente, las niñas reciben un cromosoma X de cada padre. El\nsíndrome de Turner ocurre cuando falta parcial o completamente\nuno de los cromosomas X.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Turner?\nEl síndrome de Turner puede causar muchos síntomas\ndiferentes. Los síntomas pueden ser leves para algunas personas.\nPero para otras, el síndrome de Turner puede provocar serios\nproblemas de salud.\nAlgunos de los síntomas del síndrome de Turner afectan la\napariencia de una persona. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome\nde Turner son más bajas que el promedio. También pueden tener\ncaracterísticas físicas como:\n• Un cuello corto y con piel adicional (cuello con pliegues o\n\"palmeado\")\n• Una línea de nacimiento de cabello baja en la espalda\n• Orejas con una posición baja\n• Manos y pies hinchados\nLas personas con síndrome de Turner pueden nacer con defectos cardíacos y renales. En general, no tienen un desarrollo sexual típico\ny son infértiles. También corren el riesgo de tener otras afecciones\nde salud, como presión arterial alta, diabetes tipo 2, osteoporosis y problemas de tiroides.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Turner?\nLos profesionales de la salud diagnostican el síndrome de\nTurner según los síntomas y un análisis de sangre genético llamado\nprueba de cariotipo. A veces, se encuentra en las pruebas prenatales.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Turner?\nNo existe una cura para el síndrome de Turner, pero existen\ntratamientos para algunos de los síntomas:\n• Si se inician en la infancia temprana, a menudo\ninyecciones de hormonas pueden aumentar la\nestatura adulta en unas pocas pulgadas\n• La terapia de reemplazo de estrógeno\n(ERT) puede ayudar a iniciar el desarrollo sexual. También protege\ncontra la pérdida ósea\n• Las tecnologías de reproducción asistida\npueden ayudar a algunas mujeres con síndrome de Turner a quedar\nembarazadas\nLas personas que tienen síndrome de Turner necesitan controles\nde salud regulares. También es importante que cuenten con un\nequipo de atención que incluya especialistas que puedan tratar los\nproblemas de salud causados por esta afección.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_treatment","target":"TRT-0315","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Turner Syndrome — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0461","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"skull-and-facial-bone-fractures","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/skull-and-facial-bone-fractures","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S02","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Skull and facial bone fractures","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fractură a craniului și a oaselor feței","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كسر الجمجمة وعظام الوجه","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zlomenina lebky a obličejových kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fraktur des Schädels und der Gesichtsknochen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάταγμα κρανίου και οστών του προσώπου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fractura de cráneo y huesos faciales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fracture du crâne et des os de la face","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खोपड़ी और चेहरे की हड्डियों का फ्रैक्चर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Koponya- és arccsonttörés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Frattura del cranio e delle ossa facciali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"頭蓋骨・顔面骨骨折","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"두개골 및 안면골 골절","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Złamanie kości czaszki i twarzy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fratura do crânio e ossos da face","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Перелом костей черепа и лица","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zlomenina lebky a tvárových kostí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kafatası ve yüz kemiği kırıkları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Перелом кісток черепа та обличчя","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"颅骨和面骨骨折","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Facial Injuries and Disorders","text":"Face injuries and disorders can cause pain and affect how you look. In severe cases, they can affect sight, speech, breathing and your ability to swallow. Fractures (broken bones), especially in the bones of your nose, cheekbone and jaw, are common facial injuries.\nCertain diseases also lead to facial disorders. For example, nerve diseases like trigeminal neuralgia or Bell's palsy sometimes cause facial pain, spasms and trouble with eye or facial movement. Birth defects can also affect the face. They can cause underdeveloped or unusually prominent facial features or a lack of facial expression. Cleft lip and palate are a common facial birth defect.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara","text":"Las lesiones y las enfermedades en la cara pueden causar dolor y alterar su aspecto. En casos severos, pueden afectar la vista, el habla, la respiración y la capacidad de tragar. Las fracturas óseas, especialmente de los huesos de la nariz, las mejillas y la mandíbula son lesiones faciales comunes.\nAlgunas enfermedades también conducen a enfermedades en la cara. Por ejemplo, las enfermedades de los nervios, como la neuralgia del trigémino o la parálisis de Bell a veces causan dolor facial, espasmos y problemas con los movimientos del ojo o faciales. Los defectos congénitos también pueden afectar la cara. Pueden causar su mal desarrollo y características raramente prominentes o falta de expresión facial. El labio leporino y el paladar hendido son defectos congénitos faciales comunes.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/facialinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0462","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"brain-injury-including-concussion","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/brain-injury-including-concussion","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S06","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NA07.Z","display":"Intracranial injury, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/277610609/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#277610609/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Brain injury (including concussion)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune intracraniană (inclusiv comoție cerebrală)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة داخل الجمجمة (بما في ذلك الارتجاج)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nitrolební poranění (včetně otřesu mozku)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Intrakranielle Verletzung (einschließlich Gehirnerschütterung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενδοκρανιακή κάκωση (περιλαμβάνεται η διάσειση)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión intracraneal (incluida la conmoción cerebral)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion intracrânienne (dont commotion cérébrale)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मस्तिष्क की चोट (कंकशन सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Koponyaűri sérülés (agyrázkódással)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione intracranica (inclusa la commozione cerebrale)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"頭蓋内損傷（脳振盪を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"두개내 손상(뇌진탕 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz śródczaszkowy (w tym wstrząśnienie mózgu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão intracraniana (incluindo concussão)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Внутричерепная травма (включая сотрясение мозга)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vnútrolebkové poranenie (vrátane otrasu mozgu)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kafa içi yaralanma (beyin sarsıntısı dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Внутрішньочерепна травма (включно зі струсом мозку)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"颅内损伤（包括脑震荡）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Traumatic Brain Injury","text":"What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?\nTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury that causes damage to the brain. It may happen when there is a blow, bump, or jolt to the head. This is a closed head injury. A TBI can also happen when an object penetrates the skull. This is a penetrating injury.\nSymptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe. Concussions are a type of mild TBI. The effects of a concussion can sometimes be serious, but most people completely recover in time. More severe TBI can lead to serious physical and psychological symptoms, coma, and even death.\nWhat causes traumatic brain injury (TBI)?\nThe main causes of TBI depend on the type of head injury:\n• Some of the common causes of a closed head injury include\n• Falls. This is the most common cause in adults age 65 and older.\n• Motor vehicle crashes. This is the most common cause in young adults.\n• Sports injuries\n• Being struck by an object\n• Child abuse. This is the most common cause in children under age 4.\n• Blast injuries due to explosions\n• Some of the common causes of a penetrating injury include\n• Being hit by a bullet or shrapnel\n• Being hit by a weapon such as a hammer, knife, or baseball bat\n• A head injury that causes a bone fragment to penetrate the skull\nSome accidents such as explosions, natural disasters, or other extreme events can cause both closed and penetrating TBI in the same person.\nWho is at risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?\nCertain groups are at higher risk of TBI:\n• Men are more likely to get a TBI than women. They are also more likely to have serious TBI.\n• Adults aged 65 and older are at the greatest risk for being hospitalized and dying from a TBI\nWhat are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?\nThe symptoms of TBI depend on the type of injury and how serious the brain damage is.\nThe symptoms of mild TBI can include:\n• A brief loss of consciousness in some cases. However, many people with mild TBI remain conscious after the injury.\n• Headache\n• Confusion\n• Lightheadedness\n• Dizziness\n• Blurred vision or tired eyes\n• Ringing in the ears\n• Bad taste in the mouth\n• Fatigue or lethargy\n• A change in sleep patterns\n• Behavioral or mood changes\n• Trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking\nIf you have a moderate or severe TBI, you may have those same symptoms. You may also have other symptoms such as:\n• A headache that gets worse or does not go away\n• Repeated vomiting or nausea\n• Convulsions or seizures\n• Not being able to wake up from sleep\n• Larger than normal pupil (dark center) of one or both eyes. This is called dilation of the pupil.\n• Slurred speech\n• Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs\n• Loss of coordination\n• Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation\nHow is traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosed?\nIf you have a head injury or other trauma that may have caused a TBI, you need to get medical care as soon as possible. To make a diagnosis, your health care provider:\n• Will ask about your symptoms and the details of your injury\n• Will do a neurologic exam\n• May do imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI\n• May use a tool such as the Glasgow coma scale to determine how severe the TBI is. This scale measures your ability to open your eyes, speak, and move.\n• May do neuropsychological tests to check how your brain is functioning\nWhat are the treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?\nThe treatments for TBI depend on many factors, including the size, severity, and location of the brain injury.\nFor mild TBI, the main treatment is rest. If you have a headache, you can try taking over-the-counter pain relievers. It is important to follow your health care provider's instructions for complete rest and a gradual return to your normal activities. If you start doing too much too soon, it may take longer to recover. Contact your provider if your symptoms are not getting better or if you have new symptoms.\nFor moderate to severe TBI, the first thing health care providers will do is stabilize you to prevent further injury. They will manage your blood pressure, check the pressure inside your skull, and make sure that there is enough blood and oxygen getting to your brain.\nOnce you are stable, the treatments may include:\n• Surgery to reduce additional damage to your brain, for example to\n• Remove hematomas (clotted blood)\n• Get rid of damaged or dead brain tissue\n• Repair skull fractures\n• Relieve pressure in the skull\n• Medicines to treat the symptoms of TBI and to lower some of the risks associated with it, such as\n• Anti-anxiety medication to lessen feelings of nervousness and fear\n• Anticoagulants to prevent blood clots\n• Anticonvulsants to prevent seizures\n• Antidepressants to treat symptoms of depression and mood instability\n• Muscle relaxants to reduce muscle spasms\n• Stimulants to increase alertness and attention\n• Rehabilitation therapies, which can include therapies for physical, emotional, and cognitive difficulties:\n• Physical therapy, to build physical strength, coordination, and flexibility\n• Occupational therapy, to help you learn or relearn how to perform daily tasks, such as getting dressed, cooking, and bathing\n• Speech therapy, to help you to with speech and other communication skills and treat swallowing disorders\n• Psychological counseling, to help you learn coping skills, work on relationships, and improve your emotional well-being\n• Vocational counseling, which focuses on your ability to return to work and deal with workplace challenges\n• Cognitive therapy, to improve your memory, attention, perception, learning, planning, and judgment\nSome people with TBI may have permanent disabilities. A TBI can also put you at risk for other health problems such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Treating these problems can improve your quality of life.\nCan traumatic brain injury (TBI) be prevented?\nThere are steps you can take to prevent head injuries and TBIs:\n• Always wear your seatbelt and use car seats and booster seats for children\n• Never drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol\n• Wear a properly fitting helmet when riding a bicycle, skateboarding, and playing sports like hockey and football\n• Prevent falls by\n• Making your house safer. For example, you can install railings on the stairs and grab bars in the tub, get rid of tripping hazards, and use window guards and stair safety gates for young children.\n• Improving your balance and strength with regular physical activity","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesión cerebral traumática","text":"¿Qué es una lesión cerebral traumática?\nLa lesión cerebral traumática es una lesión repentina que causa daño al cerebro. Puede ocurrir por un golpe, impacto o sacudida en la cabeza. Esta es una lesión cerrada de la cabeza. También puede ocurrir cuando un objeto entra al cráneo, lo que se conoce como lesión penetrante.\nLos síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática pueden ser leves, moderados o graves. Las conmociones cerebrales son un tipo de lesión cerebral traumática leve. En ocasiones, los efectos de una conmoción cerebral pueden ser graves, pero la mayoría de las personas se recupera por completo. Una lesión cerebral traumática más grave puede provocar síntomas físicos y psicológicos graves, coma e incluso la muerte.\n¿Qué causa la lesión cerebral traumática?\nLas principales causas de lesión cerebral traumática dependen del tipo de lesión en la cabeza:\n• Algunas de las causas comunes de una lesión cerrada de cabeza incluyen:\n• Caídas: Esta es la causa más común en adultos mayores de 65 años\n• Accidentes automovilísticos: Esta es la causa más común en adultos jóvenes\n• Lesiones deportivas\n• Ser golpeado por un objeto\n• Maltrato infantil: Esta es la causa más común en niños menores de 4 años\n• Lesiones por explosiones\n• Algunas de las causas comunes de lesiones penetrantes incluyen:\n• Sufrir heridas por balas o metralla\n• Ser golpeado por un objeto como un martillo, un cuchillo o un bate de béisbol\n• Penetración de fragmento de hueso al cráneo por una lesión en la cabeza\nAlgunos accidentes, como explosiones, desastres naturales u otros eventos extremos, pueden causar lesiones cerebrales traumáticas cerradas y penetrantes en la misma persona.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de sufrir una lesión cerebral traumática?\nCiertos grupos tienen un mayor riesgo de lesión cerebral traumática:\n• Los hombres tienen más probabilidades de sufrir una lesión cerebral traumática que las mujeres. También tienen más probabilidades de tener una lesión cerebral traumática grave\n• Los adultos mayores de 65 años tienen un mayor riesgo de ser hospitalizados y morir de una lesión cerebral traumática\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI)?\nLos síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática dependen del tipo de lesión y de la gravedad del daño cerebral.\nLos síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática leve pueden incluir:\n• Breve pérdida de conciencia en algunos casos. Sin embargo, muchas personas con una lesión cerebral traumática leve permanecen conscientes después de la lesión\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Confusión\n• Aturdimiento\n• Mareos\n• Visión borrosa u ojos cansados\n• Zumbido en los oídos\n• Mal sabor en la boca\n• Fatiga o letargo\n• Cambio en los patrones de sueño\n• Cambios de comportamiento o de estado de ánimo\n• Problemas con la memoria, la concentración, la atención o el pensamiento\nSi sufre una lesión cerebral traumática moderada o grave, puede tener los mismos síntomas. Pero también puede tener otros como:\n• Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no desaparece\n• Vómitos o náuseas repetidos\n• Convulsiones o espasmos\n• No poder despertarse del sueño\n• Pupilas más dilatadas de lo normal en uno o ambos ojos\n• Problemas para hablar\n• Debilidad o entumecimiento en brazos y piernas\n• Pérdida de coordinación\n• Aumento de la confusión, inquietud o agitación\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI)?\nSi tiene una lesión en la cabeza u otro trauma que pueda haber causado una lesión cerebral traumática, debe obtener atención médica lo antes posible. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud:\n• Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y los detalles de su lesión\n• Hará un examen neurológico\n• Puede realizar pruebas de imagen, como una tomografía computarizada o una resonancia magnética\n• Puede usar una herramienta como la escala de coma de Glasgow para determinar qué tan grave es la lesión cerebral traumática. Esta escala mide su capacidad para abrir los ojos, hablar y moverse\n• Puede realizar pruebas neuropsicológicas para verificar qué tan bien funciona su cerebro\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la lesión cerebral traumática?\nLos tratamientos para la lesión cerebral traumática dependen de muchos factores, incluyendo el tamaño, la gravedad y la ubicación de la lesión cerebral.\nPara una lesión cerebral traumática leve, el tratamiento principal es el descanso. Si le duele la cabeza, puede tomar analgésicos de venta libre. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud para obtener un descanso completo y un regreso gradual a sus actividades normales. Si comienza a hacer demasiadas actividades muy pronto, puede demorar más en recuperarse. Póngase en contacto con su médico si sus síntomas no mejoran o si aparecen síntomas nuevos.\nPara una lesión cerebral traumática moderada a severa, lo primero que hará el profesional de la salud es estabilizarlo para evitar más lesiones. Controlará su presión arterial, la presión dentro de su cráneo y se asegurará de que llegue suficiente sangre y oxígeno a su cerebro.\nUna vez que esté estable, los tratamientos pueden incluir:\n• Cirugía para reducir el daño adicional a su cerebro, por ejemplo para:\n• Eliminar hematomas (sangre coagulada)\n• Eliminar el tejido cerebral dañado o muerto\n• Reparar fracturas de cráneo\n• Aliviar la presión en el cráneo\n• Medicamentos para tratar los síntomas de lesión cerebral traumática y reducir algunos de los riesgos asociados, como:\n• Medicamentos contra la ansiedad para disminuir los sentimientos de nerviosismo y miedo\n• Anticoagulantes para prevenir la formación de coágulos sanguíneos\n• Anticonvulsivos para prevenir las convulsiones\n• Antidepresivos para tratar los síntomas de depresión y problemas del estado de ánimo\n• Relajantes musculares para reducir los espasmos musculares\n• Estimulantes para aumentar el estado de alerta y la atención\n• Terapias de rehabilitación: Pueden incluir terapias para problemas físicos, emocionales y cognitivos:\n• Terapia física: Para desarrollar fuerza física, coordinación y flexibilidad\n• Terapia ocupacional, para ayudarle a realizar tareas diarias como vestirse, cocinar y bañarse\n• Terapia del habla: Para ayudarle con el habla y otras habilidades de comunicación y tratar los problemas para tragar\n• Consejería psicológica: Para ayudarle a aprender habilidades de afrontamiento, trabajar en sus relaciones interpersonales y mejorar su bienestar emocional\n• Orientación vocacional: Se centra en su capacidad para volver al trabajo y enfrentar los desafíos laborales\n• Terapia cognitiva: Para mejorar su memoria, atención, percepción, aprendizaje, planificación y juicio\nAlgunas personas con lesión cerebral traumática pueden tener discapacidades permanentes. También puede ponerle en riesgo de otros problemas de salud como ansiedad, depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático. El tratamiento de estos problemas puede mejorar su calidad de vida.\n¿Se puede prevenir la lesión cerebral traumática?\nExisten pasos que puede tomar para prevenir lesiones en la cabeza y lesiones cerebrales traumáticas:\n• Siempre use el cinturón de seguridad y use asientos para el automóvil y asientos elevados para niños\n• Nunca conduzca bajo la influencia de drogas o alcohol\n• Use un casco al andar en bicicleta, andar en patineta y practicar deportes como hockey y fútbol. Asegúrese que le quede bien ajustado a su cabeza\n• Prevenga caídas al:\n• Hacer su casa más segura. Por ejemplo, puede instalar barandas en las escaleras y barras para sujetarse en la bañera, elimine los peligros de tropiezos y use protectores de ventanas y puertas de seguridad para niños pequeños\n• Mejore su equilibrio y fuerza al hacer actividad física regular","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0463","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"crush-injury-of-the-head","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/crush-injury-of-the-head","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S07","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Crush injury of the head","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune prin strivire a capului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة سحق الرأس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozdrcení hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zerquetschung des Kopfes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συνθλιπτική κάκωση της κεφαλής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión por aplastamiento de la cabeza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Écrasement de la tête","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिर की कुचलने वाली चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A fej zúzódásos sérülése","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione da schiacciamento della testa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"頭部の挫滅損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"머리의 압궤 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz zmiażdżeniowy głowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão por esmagamento da cabeça","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Размозжение головы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rozdrvenie hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Başın ezilme yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розчавлення голови","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"头部挤压伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Head Injuries","text":"Chances are you've bumped your head before. Often, the injury is minor because your skull is hard and it protects your brain. But other head injuries can be more severe, such as a skull fracture, concussion, or traumatic brain injury.\nHead injuries can be open or closed. A closed injury does not break through the skull. With an open, or penetrating, injury, an object pierces the skull and enters the brain. Closed injuries are not always less severe than open injuries.\nSome common causes of head injuries are falls, motor vehicle accidents, violence, and sports injuries.\nIt is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury. Get help immediately if the injured person has:\n• A headache that gets worse or does not go away\n• Repeated vomiting or nausea\n• Convulsions or seizures\n• An inability to wake up\n• Dilated (enlarged) pupil in one or both eyes\n• Slurred speech\n• Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs\n• Loss of coordination\n• Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation\nDoctors use a neurologic exam and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the type of injury and how severe it is.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones en la cabeza","text":"Es probable que usted se haya golpeado la cabeza alguna vez. En general, la lesión es menor ya que el cráneo es duro y protege su cerebro. Pero otras lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser más graves, como una fractura, conmoción cerebral o traumatismo cerebral.\nLas lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser abiertas o cerradas. Una lesión cerrada no rompe el cráneo. En una lesión abierta, un objeto penetra el cráneo y entra al cerebro. Las lesiones cerradas no siempre son menos graves que las abiertas.\nAlgunas causas comunes de lesiones en la cabeza son las caídas, accidentes de tránsito, violencia o deportes.\nEs importante conocer las señales de advertencia de las lesiones moderadas a graves. Busque ayuda de inmediato si la persona tiene:\n• Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no mejora\n• Vómitos o nauseas reiteradas\n• Convulsiones\n• Incapacidad para levantarse\n• Pupilas dilatadas en uno o ambos ojos\n• Dificultad para hablar\n• Debilidad o entumecimiento de los brazos o piernas\n• Falta de coordinación\n• Creciente confusión, inquietud o agitación\nLos médicos usan un examen neurológico y pruebas de imagen para realizar un diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión y qué tan grave es.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0464","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"traumatic-amputation-of-part-of-the-head","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/traumatic-amputation-of-part-of-the-head","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S08","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Traumatic amputation of part of the head","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amputație traumatică a unei părți a capului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بتر رضحي لجزء من الرأس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Traumatická amputace části hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Traumatische Amputation von Teilen des Kopfes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραυματικός ακρωτηριασμός τμήματος της κεφαλής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amputación traumática de parte de la cabeza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amputation traumatique d'une partie de la tête","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिर के हिस्से का चोट से कटना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A fej egy részének sérüléses amputációja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amputazione traumatica di parte della testa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"頭部の一部の外傷性切断","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"머리 일부의 외상성 절단","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Urazowa amputacja części głowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amputação traumática de parte da cabeça","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травматическая ампутация части головы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Traumatická amputácia časti hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Başın bir bölümünün travmatik amputasyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травматична ампутація частини голови","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"头部部分创伤性切断","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Head Injuries","text":"Chances are you've bumped your head before. Often, the injury is minor because your skull is hard and it protects your brain. But other head injuries can be more severe, such as a skull fracture, concussion, or traumatic brain injury.\nHead injuries can be open or closed. A closed injury does not break through the skull. With an open, or penetrating, injury, an object pierces the skull and enters the brain. Closed injuries are not always less severe than open injuries.\nSome common causes of head injuries are falls, motor vehicle accidents, violence, and sports injuries.\nIt is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury. Get help immediately if the injured person has:\n• A headache that gets worse or does not go away\n• Repeated vomiting or nausea\n• Convulsions or seizures\n• An inability to wake up\n• Dilated (enlarged) pupil in one or both eyes\n• Slurred speech\n• Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs\n• Loss of coordination\n• Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation\nDoctors use a neurologic exam and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the type of injury and how severe it is.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones en la cabeza","text":"Es probable que usted se haya golpeado la cabeza alguna vez. En general, la lesión es menor ya que el cráneo es duro y protege su cerebro. Pero otras lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser más graves, como una fractura, conmoción cerebral o traumatismo cerebral.\nLas lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser abiertas o cerradas. Una lesión cerrada no rompe el cráneo. En una lesión abierta, un objeto penetra el cráneo y entra al cerebro. Las lesiones cerradas no siempre son menos graves que las abiertas.\nAlgunas causas comunes de lesiones en la cabeza son las caídas, accidentes de tránsito, violencia o deportes.\nEs importante conocer las señales de advertencia de las lesiones moderadas a graves. Busque ayuda de inmediato si la persona tiene:\n• Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no mejora\n• Vómitos o nauseas reiteradas\n• Convulsiones\n• Incapacidad para levantarse\n• Pupilas dilatadas en uno o ambos ojos\n• Dificultad para hablar\n• Debilidad o entumecimiento de los brazos o piernas\n• Falta de coordinación\n• Creciente confusión, inquietud o agitación\nLos médicos usan un examen neurológico y pruebas de imagen para realizar un diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión y qué tan grave es.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0465","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-head-injuries","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-head-injuries","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S09","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NA0A.Y","display":"Other specified injuries of head","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1843729715/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1843729715/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other head injuries","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte leziuni ale capului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابات أخرى في الرأس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná poranění hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Verletzungen des Kopfes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες κακώσεις της κεφαλής","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras lesiones de la cabeza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres lésions traumatiques de la tête","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिर की अन्य चोटें","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A fej egyéb sérülései","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre lesioni della testa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の頭部損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 머리 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne urazy głowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras lesões da cabeça","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие травмы головы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poranenia hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer baş yaralanmaları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші травми голови","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他头部损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Head Injuries","text":"Chances are you've bumped your head before. Often, the injury is minor because your skull is hard and it protects your brain. But other head injuries can be more severe, such as a skull fracture, concussion, or traumatic brain injury.\nHead injuries can be open or closed. A closed injury does not break through the skull. With an open, or penetrating, injury, an object pierces the skull and enters the brain. Closed injuries are not always less severe than open injuries.\nSome common causes of head injuries are falls, motor vehicle accidents, violence, and sports injuries.\nIt is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury. Get help immediately if the injured person has:\n• A headache that gets worse or does not go away\n• Repeated vomiting or nausea\n• Convulsions or seizures\n• An inability to wake up\n• Dilated (enlarged) pupil in one or both eyes\n• Slurred speech\n• Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs\n• Loss of coordination\n• Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation\nDoctors use a neurologic exam and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the type of injury and how severe it is.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones en la cabeza","text":"Es probable que usted se haya golpeado la cabeza alguna vez. En general, la lesión es menor ya que el cráneo es duro y protege su cerebro. Pero otras lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser más graves, como una fractura, conmoción cerebral o traumatismo cerebral.\nLas lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser abiertas o cerradas. Una lesión cerrada no rompe el cráneo. En una lesión abierta, un objeto penetra el cráneo y entra al cerebro. Las lesiones cerradas no siempre son menos graves que las abiertas.\nAlgunas causas comunes de lesiones en la cabeza son las caídas, accidentes de tránsito, violencia o deportes.\nEs importante conocer las señales de advertencia de las lesiones moderadas a graves. Busque ayuda de inmediato si la persona tiene:\n• Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no mejora\n• Vómitos o nauseas reiteradas\n• Convulsiones\n• Incapacidad para levantarse\n• Pupilas dilatadas en uno o ambos ojos\n• Dificultad para hablar\n• Debilidad o entumecimiento de los brazos o piernas\n• Falta de coordinación\n• Creciente confusión, inquietud o agitación\nLos médicos usan un examen neurológico y pruebas de imagen para realizar un diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión y qué tan grave es.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0466","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"spinal-cord-and-nerve-injury-at-chest-level","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/spinal-cord-and-nerve-injury-at-chest-level","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S24","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NB2Z","display":"Injury of nerves or spinal cord at thorax level, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1361048280/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1361048280/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Spinal cord and nerve injury at chest level","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune a nervilor și măduvei spinării la nivel toracic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة الأعصاب والحبل الشوكي على مستوى الصدر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poranění nervů a míchy v úrovni hrudníku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verletzung der Nerven und des Rückenmarks in Thoraxhöhe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάκωση νεύρων και νωτιαίου μυελού στο ύψος του θώρακα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión de nervios y médula espinal a nivel del tórax","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion des nerfs et de la moelle épinière au niveau du thorax","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"छाती के स्तर पर रीढ़ की हड्डी और तंत्रिका की चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ideg- és gerincvelősérülés mellkasi szinten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione di nervi e midollo spinale a livello del torace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胸部の神経・脊髄損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"흉부 수준의 신경 및 척수 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz nerwów i rdzenia kręgowego na poziomie klatki piersiowej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão de nervos e medula espinal ao nível do tórax","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травма нервов и спинного мозга на уровне грудной клетки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poranenie nervov a miechy v úrovni hrudníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Göğüs düzeyinde sinir ve omurilik yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травма нервів і спинного мозку на рівні грудної клітки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胸部水平的神经和脊髓损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Spinal Cord Injuries","text":"Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. A spinal cord injury disrupts the signals. Spinal cord injuries usually begin with a blow that fractures (breaks) or dislocates your vertebrae, the bone disks that make up your spine. Most injuries don't cut through your spinal cord. Instead, they cause damage when pieces of vertebrae tear into cord tissue or press down on the nerve parts that carry signals.\nSpinal cord injuries can be complete or incomplete. With a complete spinal cord injury, the cord can't send signals below the level of the injury. As a result, you are paralyzed below the injury. With an incomplete injury, you have some movement and sensation below the injury.\nA spinal cord injury is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can reduce long-term effects. Treatments may include medicines, braces or traction to stabilize the spine, and surgery. Later treatment usually includes medicines and rehabilitation therapy. Mobility aids and assistive devices may help you to get around and do some daily tasks.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Traumatismo de la médula espinal","text":"Su médula espinal es un conjunto de nervios que se extiende por el centro de su espalda. Transmite señales desde y hacia su cuerpo y su cerebro. Un traumatismo de la médula espinal interrumpe estas señales. En general, las lesiones de la médula espinal comienzan con un golpe que fractura (rompe) o disloca las vértebras, los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. La mayoría de las lesiones no cortan la médula espinal. En cambio, causan daño cuando partes de vértebras rompen el tejido medular o presionan las partes nerviosas que transmiten las señales.\nLas lesiones de la médula espinal pueden ser completas o incompletas. En una lesión completa de médula espinal, la médula no puede transmitir mensajes por debajo del nivel de la lesión. Como consecuencia, el paciente queda paralizado por debajo del nivel del traumatismo. En un traumatismo incompleto, se conservan ciertos movimientos y sensaciones por debajo de la lesión.\nUna lesión de la médula espinal es una emergencia médica. El tratamiento inmediato puede reducir los efectos a largo plazo. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, aparatos ortopédicos o tracción para estabilizar la columna vertebral; y cirugía. En general, el tratamiento posterior incluye medicamentos y terapia de rehabilitación. Las ayudas para la movilidad y los dispositivos de asistencia pueden ayudarle a moverse y realizar algunas tareas diarias.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0467","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"spinal-cord-and-nerve-injury-at-lower-back-and-pelvis-level","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/spinal-cord-and-nerve-injury-at-lower-back-and-pelvis-level","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S34","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Spinal cord and nerve injury at lower back and pelvis level","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune a nervilor și măduvei lombare la nivelul abdomenului, spatelui și pelvisului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة الأعصاب والحبل الشوكي القطني على مستوى البطن وأسفل الظهر والحوض","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poranění nervů a bederní míchy v úrovni břicha, dolní části zad a pánve","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verletzung der Nerven und des lumbalen Rückenmarks in Höhe von Bauch, unterem Rücken und Becken","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάκωση νεύρων και οσφυϊκού νωτιαίου μυελού στο ύψος κοιλιάς, οσφύος και λεκάνης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión de nervios y médula lumbar a nivel del abdomen, zona lumbar y pelvis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion des nerfs et de la moelle lombaire au niveau de l'abdomen, du bas du dos et du bassin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पीठ के निचले हिस्से और श्रोणि के स्तर पर रीढ़ और तंत्रिका की चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ideg- és ágyéki gerincvelősérülés a has, a derék és a medence szintjén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione di nervi e midollo lombare a livello di addome, zona lombare e bacino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腹部・腰部・骨盤部の神経・腰髄損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"복부·허리·골반 수준의 신경 및 요수 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz nerwów i lędźwiowego odcinka rdzenia na poziomie brzucha, dolnej części pleców i miednicy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão de nervos e medula lombar ao nível do abdómen, lombar e pelve","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травма нервов и поясничного отдела спинного мозга на уровне живота, поясницы и таза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poranenie nervov a driekovej miechy v úrovni brucha, krížov a panvy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karın, bel ve pelvis düzeyinde sinir ve lomber omurilik yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травма нервів і поперекового відділу спинного мозку на рівні живота, попереку та таза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腹部、下背和骨盆水平的神经和腰髓损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Spinal Cord Injuries","text":"Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. A spinal cord injury disrupts the signals. Spinal cord injuries usually begin with a blow that fractures (breaks) or dislocates your vertebrae, the bone disks that make up your spine. Most injuries don't cut through your spinal cord. Instead, they cause damage when pieces of vertebrae tear into cord tissue or press down on the nerve parts that carry signals.\nSpinal cord injuries can be complete or incomplete. With a complete spinal cord injury, the cord can't send signals below the level of the injury. As a result, you are paralyzed below the injury. With an incomplete injury, you have some movement and sensation below the injury.\nA spinal cord injury is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can reduce long-term effects. Treatments may include medicines, braces or traction to stabilize the spine, and surgery. Later treatment usually includes medicines and rehabilitation therapy. Mobility aids and assistive devices may help you to get around and do some daily tasks.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Traumatismo de la médula espinal","text":"Su médula espinal es un conjunto de nervios que se extiende por el centro de su espalda. Transmite señales desde y hacia su cuerpo y su cerebro. Un traumatismo de la médula espinal interrumpe estas señales. En general, las lesiones de la médula espinal comienzan con un golpe que fractura (rompe) o disloca las vértebras, los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. La mayoría de las lesiones no cortan la médula espinal. En cambio, causan daño cuando partes de vértebras rompen el tejido medular o presionan las partes nerviosas que transmiten las señales.\nLas lesiones de la médula espinal pueden ser completas o incompletas. En una lesión completa de médula espinal, la médula no puede transmitir mensajes por debajo del nivel de la lesión. Como consecuencia, el paciente queda paralizado por debajo del nivel del traumatismo. En un traumatismo incompleto, se conservan ciertos movimientos y sensaciones por debajo de la lesión.\nUna lesión de la médula espinal es una emergencia médica. El tratamiento inmediato puede reducir los efectos a largo plazo. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, aparatos ortopédicos o tracción para estabilizar la columna vertebral; y cirugía. En general, el tratamiento posterior incluye medicamentos y terapia de rehabilitación. Las ayudas para la movilidad y los dispositivos de asistencia pueden ayudarle a moverse y realizar algunas tareas diarias.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0468","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"shoulder-dislocation-sprain-and-strain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/shoulder-dislocation-sprain-and-strain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S43","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NC13.Z","display":"Dislocation or strain or sprain of joints or ligaments of shoulder girdle, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/153081685/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#153081685/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Shoulder dislocation, sprain and strain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Luxație, entorsă și întindere a articulațiilor umărului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خلع الكتف والتواؤه وإجهاده","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vykloubení, podvrtnutí a natažení ramenního pletence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Luxation, Verstauchung und Zerrung des Schultergürtels","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εξάρθρημα, διάστρεμμα και θλάση του ώμου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Luxación, esguince y distensión del hombro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Luxation, entorse et foulure de l'épaule","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कंधे का उतरना, मोच और खिंचाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A vállöv ficama, rándulása és húzódása","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lussazione, distorsione e stiramento della spalla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肩関節の脱臼・捻挫・挫傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"어깨 탈구, 염좌 및 긴장","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zwichnięcie, skręcenie i naderwanie stawów barku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Luxação, entorse e distensão do ombro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вывих, растяжение и перенапряжение плечевого пояса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vykĺbenie, vyvrtnutie a natiahnutie ramenného pletenca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Omuz çıkığı, burkulması ve gerilmesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вивих, розтягнення та перенапруження плечового пояса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肩部脱位、扭伤和劳损","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Dislocated Shoulder","text":"What is a dislocated shoulder?\nYour shoulder joint is made up of three bones: your collarbone, your shoulder blade, and your upper arm bone. The top of your upper arm bone is shaped like a ball. This ball fits into a cuplike socket in your shoulder blade. A shoulder dislocation is an injury that happens when the ball pops out of your socket. A dislocation may be partial, where the ball is only partially out of the socket. It can also be a full dislocation, where the ball is completely out of the socket.\nWhat causes a dislocated shoulder?\nYour shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They are also the most commonly dislocated joints.\nThe most common causes of shoulder dislocations are:\n• Sports injuries\n• Accidents, including traffic accidents\n• Falling on your shoulder or outstretched arm\n• Seizures and electric shocks, which can cause muscle contractions that pull the arm out of place\nWho is at risk for a dislocated shoulder?\nA dislocated shoulder can happen to anyone, but they are more common in young men, who are more often involved in sports and other physical activities. Older adults, especially women, are also at higher risk because they are more likely to fall.\nWhat are the symptoms of a dislocated shoulder?\nThe symptoms of a dislocated shoulder include:\n• Severe shoulder pain\n• Swelling and bruising of your shoulder or upper arm\n• Numbness and/or weakness in your arm, neck, hand, or fingers\n• Trouble moving your arm\n• Your arm seems to be out of place\n• Muscle spasms in your shoulder\nIf you are having these symptoms, get medical treatment right away.\nHow is a dislocated shoulder diagnosed?\nTo make a diagnosis, your health care provider will take a medical history and examine your shoulder. Your provider may also ask you to get an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis.\nWhat are the treatments for a dislocated shoulder?\nThe treatment for dislocated shoulder usually involves three steps:\n• The first step is a closed reduction, a procedure in which your health care provider puts the ball of your upper arm back into the socket. You may first get medicine to relieve the pain and relax your shoulder muscles. Once the joint is back in place, the severe pain should end.\n• The second step is wearing a sling or other device to keep your shoulder in place. You will wear it for a few days to several weeks.\n• The third step is rehabilitation, once the pain and swelling have improved. You will do exercises to improve your range of motion and strengthen your muscles.\nYou may need surgery if you injure the tissues or nerves around the shoulder or if you get repeated dislocations.\nA dislocation can make your shoulder unstable. When that happens, it takes less force to dislocate it. This means that there is a higher risk of it happening again. Your health care provider may ask you to continue doing some exercises to prevent another dislocation.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hombro dislocado","text":"¿Qué es un hombro dislocado?\nLa articulación del hombro está formada por tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero (el hueso superior del brazo). La parte superior del húmero tiene forma de bola. Esta bola va adentro del hueco que forma el omóplato. Una dislocación del hombro es una lesión que ocurre cuando la bola se sale de su sitio. Una dislocación puede ser parcial, cuando la bola sale en parte fuera de la cavidad; o puede ser una dislocación total, cuando la bola sale completamente de su sitio.\n¿Qué causa un hombro dislocado?\nSu hombro es la articulación con el mayor rango de movimiento de su cuerpo. También es la articulación que sufre más dislocaciones.\nLas causas más comunes de dislocaciones del hombro son:\n• Lesiones deportivas\n• Accidentes, incluidos los accidentes de tráfico\n• Caerse sobre su hombro o brazo extendido\n• Convulsiones y descargas eléctricas, que pueden causar contracciones musculares que sacan el brazo de su lugar\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un hombro dislocado?\nCualquiera puede sufrir una dislocación del hombro, pero son más comunes en hombres jóvenes, en quienes hacen más deportes o realizan otras actividades físicas. Las personas mayores, especialmente las mujeres, también corren un mayor riesgo porque es más probable que sufran caídas.\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un hombro dislocado?\nLos síntomas de la dislocación del hombro incluyen:\n• Dolor severo de hombro\n• Hinchazón y moretones en el hombro o la parte superior del brazo\n• Entumecimiento y/o debilidad en su brazo, cuello, mano o dedos\n• Problemas para mover su brazo\n• Su brazo parece estar fuera de lugar\n• Espasmos musculares en su hombro\nSi tiene estos síntomas, busque tratamiento médico de inmediato.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica un hombro dislocado?\nPara hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica le preguntará su historia médica y examinará su hombro. Su proveedor también puede pedirle que se haga una radiografía para confirmar el diagnóstico.\n¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un hombro dislocado?\nEn general, el tratamiento para la dislocación del hombro incluye tres pasos:\n• El primer paso es una reducción cerrada, en donde su proveedor de atención médica vuelve a colocar la bola de su brazo superior en la cavidad del hombro. Antes de este procedimiento, le pueden dar medicamentos para aliviar el dolor y relajar los músculos del hombro. Una vez que la articulación está nuevamente en su lugar, el dolor fuerte debe terminar\n• El segundo paso es usar un cabestrillo u otro dispositivo para mantener el hombro en su lugar. Lo usará durante algunos días o varias semanas\n• El tercer paso es la rehabilitación, una vez que el dolor y la inflamación terminen. Le darán ejercicios para mejorar su rango de movimiento y fortalecer los músculos\nPuede necesitar cirugía si lesiona los tejidos o los nervios alrededor del hombro o si tiene luxaciones repetidas.\nUna dislocación puede hacer que su hombro sea inestable. Cuando es así, pude dislocarse más fácilmente. Esto significa que hay un mayor riesgo de que vuelva a ocurrir. Su proveedor de atención médica puede pedirle que continúe haciendo algunos ejercicios para evitar otra dislocación.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0469","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-shoulder-and-upper-arm-injuries","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-shoulder-and-upper-arm-injuries","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S49","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NC1Y","display":"Other specified injuries to the shoulder or upper arm","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1416283029/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1416283029/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other shoulder and upper arm injuries","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte leziuni ale umărului și brațului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابات أخرى في الكتف وأعلى الذراع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná poranění ramene a paže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Verletzungen der Schulter und des Oberarms","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες κακώσεις του ώμου και του βραχίονα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras lesiones del hombro y el brazo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres lésions de l'épaule et du bras","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कंधे और ऊपरी बांह की अन्य चोटें","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A váll és a felkar egyéb sérülései","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre lesioni della spalla e del braccio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の肩・上腕の損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 어깨 및 위팔 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne urazy barku i ramienia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras lesões do ombro e braço","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие травмы плеча и плечевого пояса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poranenia ramena a ramena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer omuz ve üst kol yaralanmaları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші травми плеча та плечового пояса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他肩和上臂损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Shoulder Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone). Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They can also be unstable because the ball of the upper arm is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it. To remain in a stable or normal position, the shoulder must be anchored by muscles, tendons, and ligaments.\nBecause your shoulder can be unstable, it can be easily injured. Common problems include:\n• Sprains and strains\n• Dislocations\n• Separations\n• Tendinitis\n• Bursitis\n• Torn rotator cuffs\n• Frozen shoulder\n• Fractures (broken bones)\n• Arthritis\nHealth care providers diagnose shoulder problems by using your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests.\nOften, the first treatment for shoulder problems is RICE. This stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Other treatments include exercise and medicines to reduce pain and swelling. If those don't work, you may need surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro","text":"La articulación del hombro se compone de tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero. Sus hombros son las articulaciones más móviles de su cuerpo. También puede ser inestable debido a que la bola de la parte superior del brazo es más grande que la cavidad del hombro que la sujeta. Para permanecer en una posición estable o normal, el hombro debe estar anclado por músculos, tendones y ligamentos.\nDebido a que su hombro puede ser inestable, puede lesionarse fácilmente. Los problemas comunes incluyen:\n• Torceduras y distensiones\n• Dislocaciones\n• Separaciones\n• Tendinitis\n• Bursitis\n• Ruptura del manguito rotador\n• Hombro congelado\n• Fracturas (huesos rotos)\n• Artritis\nPara diagnosticar los problemas del hombro, los profesionales de la salud usan su historia clínica, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen.\nA menudo, el primer tratamiento para los problemas del hombro es el reposo, hielo, compresión y elevación (método RICE, en inglés). Otros tratamientos incluyen ejercicio y medicamentos para reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. Si eso no funciona, es posible que necesite cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0470","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"nerve-injury-at-wrist-and-hand-level","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/nerve-injury-at-wrist-and-hand-level","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S64","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NC55.Z","display":"Injury of unspecified nerve at wrist or hand level","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/713304845/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#713304845/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nerve injury at wrist and hand level","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune a nervilor la nivelul pumnului și mâinii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة الأعصاب على مستوى الرسغ واليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poranění nervů v úrovni zápěstí a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verletzung von Nerven in Höhe des Handgelenks und der Hand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάκωση νεύρων στο ύψος του καρπού και του χεριού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión de nervios a nivel de muñeca y mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion des nerfs au niveau du poignet et de la main","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कलाई और हाथ के स्तर पर तंत्रिका की चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Idegsérülés a csukló és a kéz szintjén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione dei nervi a livello di polso e mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"手関節・手の神経損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"손목 및 손 수준의 신경 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz nerwów na poziomie nadgarstka i ręki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão de nervos ao nível do punho e mão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травма нервов на уровне запястья и кисти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poranenie nervov v úrovni zápästia a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"El bileği ve el düzeyinde sinir yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травма нервів на рівні зап'ястка та кисті","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腕和手水平的神经损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hand Injuries and Disorders","text":"No matter how old you are or what you do for a living, you are always using your hands.\nWhen there is something wrong with them, you may not be able to do your regular activities.\nHand problems include :\n• Carpal tunnel syndrome - compression of a nerve as it\ngoes through the wrist, often making your fingers feel numb\n• Injuries that result in fractures (broken bones), ruptured ligaments\nand dislocations\n• Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis, which can\nalso cause deformity\n• Tendinitis - irritation of the tendons\n• Disorders and injuries of your fingers and thumb","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano","text":"Independientemente de su edad o de lo que haga para ganarse la vida, usted está siempre utilizando las manos. Cuando tiene algún problema con ellas, es posible que no pueda realizar sus actividades habituales.\nLos problemas en las manos incluyen:\n• Síndrome del túnel carpiano: compresión de un nervio en su paso a través de la muñeca que provoca entumecimiento frecuente de los dedos\n• Lesiones que resultan en fracturas (huesos rotos), ruptura de ligamentos y dislocaciones\n• Osteoartritis: artritis por desgaste, que también puede causar deformidad\n• Tendinitis: irritación de los tendones\n• Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0471","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"blood-vessel-injury-at-wrist-and-hand-level","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/blood-vessel-injury-at-wrist-and-hand-level","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S65","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Blood vessel injury at wrist and hand level","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune a vaselor de sânge la nivelul pumnului și mâinii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة الأوعية الدموية على مستوى الرسغ واليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poranění cév v úrovni zápěstí a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verletzung von Blutgefäßen in Höhe des Handgelenks und der Hand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάκωση αιμοφόρων αγγείων στο ύψος του καρπού και του χεριού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión de vasos sanguíneos a nivel de muñeca y mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion des vaisseaux sanguins au niveau du poignet et de la main","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कलाई और हाथ के स्तर पर रक्त वाहिका की चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Érsérülés a csukló és a kéz szintjén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione dei vasi sanguigni a livello di polso e mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"手関節・手の血管損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"손목 및 손 수준의 혈관 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz naczyń krwionośnych na poziomie nadgarstka i ręki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão de vasos sanguíneos ao nível do punho e mão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травма кровеносных сосудов на уровне запястья и кисти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poranenie ciev v úrovni zápästia a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"El bileği ve el düzeyinde kan damarı yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травма кровоносних судин на рівні зап'ястка та кисті","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腕和手水平的血管损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hand Injuries and Disorders","text":"No matter how old you are or what you do for a living, you are always using your hands.\nWhen there is something wrong with them, you may not be able to do your regular activities.\nHand problems include :\n• Carpal tunnel syndrome - compression of a nerve as it\ngoes through the wrist, often making your fingers feel numb\n• Injuries that result in fractures (broken bones), ruptured ligaments\nand dislocations\n• Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis, which can\nalso cause deformity\n• Tendinitis - irritation of the tendons\n• Disorders and injuries of your fingers and thumb","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano","text":"Independientemente de su edad o de lo que haga para ganarse la vida, usted está siempre utilizando las manos. Cuando tiene algún problema con ellas, es posible que no pueda realizar sus actividades habituales.\nLos problemas en las manos incluyen:\n• Síndrome del túnel carpiano: compresión de un nervio en su paso a través de la muñeca que provoca entumecimiento frecuente de los dedos\n• Lesiones que resultan en fracturas (huesos rotos), ruptura de ligamentos y dislocaciones\n• Osteoartritis: artritis por desgaste, que también puede causar deformidad\n• Tendinitis: irritación de los tendones\n• Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0472","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"muscle-and-tendon-injury-at-wrist-and-hand-level","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/muscle-and-tendon-injury-at-wrist-and-hand-level","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S66","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NC57.Z","display":"Injury of unspecified muscle, fascia or tendon at wrist or hand level","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/996324968/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#996324968/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Muscle and tendon injury at wrist and hand level","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune a mușchilor și tendoanelor la nivelul pumnului și mâinii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة العضلات والأوتار على مستوى الرسغ واليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poranění svalů a šlach v úrovni zápěstí a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verletzung von Muskeln und Sehnen in Höhe des Handgelenks und der Hand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάκωση μυών και τενόντων στο ύψος του καρπού και του χεριού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión de músculos y tendones a nivel de muñeca y mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion des muscles et tendons au niveau du poignet et de la main","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कलाई और हाथ के स्तर पर मांसपेशी और कंडरा की चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Izom- és ínsérülés a csukló és a kéz szintjén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione di muscoli e tendini a livello di polso e mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"手関節・手の筋・腱損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"손목 및 손 수준의 근육 및 힘줄 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz mięśni i ścięgien na poziomie nadgarstka i ręki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão de músculos e tendões ao nível do punho e mão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травма мышц и сухожилий на уровне запястья и кисти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poranenie svalov a šliach v úrovni zápästia a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"El bileği ve el düzeyinde kas ve tendon yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травма м'язів і сухожиль на рівні зап'ястка та кисті","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腕和手水平的肌肉和肌腱损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hand Injuries and Disorders","text":"No matter how old you are or what you do for a living, you are always using your hands.\nWhen there is something wrong with them, you may not be able to do your regular activities.\nHand problems include :\n• Carpal tunnel syndrome - compression of a nerve as it\ngoes through the wrist, often making your fingers feel numb\n• Injuries that result in fractures (broken bones), ruptured ligaments\nand dislocations\n• Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis, which can\nalso cause deformity\n• Tendinitis - irritation of the tendons\n• Disorders and injuries of your fingers and thumb","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano","text":"Independientemente de su edad o de lo que haga para ganarse la vida, usted está siempre utilizando las manos. Cuando tiene algún problema con ellas, es posible que no pueda realizar sus actividades habituales.\nLos problemas en las manos incluyen:\n• Síndrome del túnel carpiano: compresión de un nervio en su paso a través de la muñeca que provoca entumecimiento frecuente de los dedos\n• Lesiones que resultan en fracturas (huesos rotos), ruptura de ligamentos y dislocaciones\n• Osteoartritis: artritis por desgaste, que también puede causar deformidad\n• Tendinitis: irritación de los tendones\n• Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0473","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"crush-injury-of-the-wrist-and-hand","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/crush-injury-of-the-wrist-and-hand","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S67","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Crush injury of the wrist and hand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune prin strivire a pumnului și mâinii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة سحق الرسغ واليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozdrcení zápěstí a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zerquetschung des Handgelenks und der Hand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Συνθλιπτική κάκωση καρπού και χεριού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión por aplastamiento de muñeca y mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Écrasement du poignet et de la main","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कलाई और हाथ की कुचलने वाली चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A csukló és a kéz zúzódásos sérülése","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione da schiacciamento di polso e mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"手関節・手の挫滅損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"손목 및 손의 압궤 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz zmiażdżeniowy nadgarstka i ręki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão por esmagamento do punho e mão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Размозжение запястья и кисти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rozdrvenie zápästia a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"El bileği ve elin ezilme yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розчавлення зап'ястка та кисті","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腕和手挤压伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Finger Injuries and Disorders","text":"You use your fingers and thumbs to do everything from grasping objects to playing musical instruments to typing. When there is something wrong with them, it can make life difficult. Common problems include:\n• Injuries that result in fractures (broken bones), ruptured ligaments and dislocations\n• Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis. It can also cause deformity.\n• Tendinitis - irritation of the tendons\n• Dupuytren's contracture - a hereditary thickening of the tough tissue that lies just below the skin of your palm. It causes the fingers to stiffen and bend.\n• Trigger finger - an irritation of the sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons. It can cause the tendon to catch and release like a trigger.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos","text":"Usted utiliza sus dedos y pulgares para hacer de todo, desde tomar objetos y tocar instrumentos hasta escribir en la computadora. Cuando no funcionan bien, puede hacerle la vida difícil. Los problemas más comunes incluyen:\n• Lesiones que producen fracturas ruptura de ligamentos y luxaciones\n• Osteoartritis: desgaste que también puede causar deformidad\n• Tendinitis: irritación de los tendones\n• Contractura de Dupuytren: una afección hereditaria que produce un engrosamiento del tejido por debajo de la piel de su mano, lo que causa contractura y curvatura en sus dedos\n• Dedo en gatillo: una irritación del revestimiento de los tendones flexores, lo que a veces causa que el tendón se flexione en forma de gatillo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0474","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"other-wrist-and-hand-injuries","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/other-wrist-and-hand-injuries","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S69","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Other wrist and hand injuries","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alte leziuni ale pumnului și mâinii","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابات أخرى في الرسغ واليد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jiná poranění zápěstí a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Andere Verletzungen des Handgelenks und der Hand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άλλες κακώσεις καρπού και χεριού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Otras lesiones de muñeca y mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Autres lésions du poignet et de la main","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कलाई और हाथ की अन्य चोटें","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A csukló és a kéz egyéb sérülései","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Altre lesioni di polso e mano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の手関節・手の損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 손목 및 손 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inne urazy nadgarstka i ręki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Outras lesões do punho e mão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Другие травмы запястья и кисти","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Iné poranenia zápästia a ruky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer el bileği ve el yaralanmaları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інші травми зап'ястка та кисті","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他腕和手损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Finger Injuries and Disorders","text":"You use your fingers and thumbs to do everything from grasping objects to playing musical instruments to typing. When there is something wrong with them, it can make life difficult. Common problems include:\n• Injuries that result in fractures (broken bones), ruptured ligaments and dislocations\n• Osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis. It can also cause deformity.\n• Tendinitis - irritation of the tendons\n• Dupuytren's contracture - a hereditary thickening of the tough tissue that lies just below the skin of your palm. It causes the fingers to stiffen and bend.\n• Trigger finger - an irritation of the sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons. It can cause the tendon to catch and release like a trigger.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos","text":"Usted utiliza sus dedos y pulgares para hacer de todo, desde tomar objetos y tocar instrumentos hasta escribir en la computadora. Cuando no funcionan bien, puede hacerle la vida difícil. Los problemas más comunes incluyen:\n• Lesiones que producen fracturas ruptura de ligamentos y luxaciones\n• Osteoartritis: desgaste que también puede causar deformidad\n• Tendinitis: irritación de los tendones\n• Contractura de Dupuytren: una afección hereditaria que produce un engrosamiento del tejido por debajo de la piel de su mano, lo que causa contractura y curvatura en sus dedos\n• Dedo en gatillo: una irritación del revestimiento de los tendones flexores, lo que a veces causa que el tendón se flexione en forma de gatillo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0475","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"open-wound-of-the-lower-leg","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/open-wound-of-the-lower-leg","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S81","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NC91.Z","display":"Open wound of knee or lower leg, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1327769104/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1327769104/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Open wound of the lower leg","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Plagă deschisă a gambei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"جرح مفتوح في أسفل الساق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otevřená rána bérce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Offene Wunde des Unterschenkels","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανοικτό τραύμα της κνήμης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Herida abierta de la pierna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Plaie ouverte de la jambe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"निचले पैर का खुला घाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A lábszár nyílt sebe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ferita aperta della gamba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"下腿の開放創","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"종아리의 열린 상처","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rana otwarta podudzia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ferida aberta da perna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Открытая рана голени","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Otvorená rana predkolenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alt bacakta açık yara","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Відкрита рана гомілки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"小腿开放性伤口","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Knee Injuries and Disorders","text":"Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty walking.\nKnee problems are very common, and they occur in people of all ages. Knee problems can interfere with many things, from participation in sports to simply getting up from a chair and walking. This can have a big impact on your life.\nThe most common disease affecting the knee is osteoarthritis. The cartilage in the knee gradually wears away, causing pain and swelling.\nInjuries to ligaments and tendons also cause knee problems. A common injury is to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). You usually injure your ACL by a sudden twisting motion. ACL and other knee injuries are common sports injuries.\nTreatment of knee problems depends on the cause. In some cases your doctor may recommend knee replacement.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla","text":"La articulación de la rodilla se compone de hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que la rodilla se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen problemas. Los problemas en las rodillas pueden provocar dolor y dificultades para caminar.\nLos problemas en las rodillas son muy comunes y pueden ocurrir a cualquier edad. Pueden interferir con muchas actividades, desde la práctica de deportes hasta poder levantarse de una silla y caminar. Pueden tener un gran impacto en su vida.\nLa enfermedad más común que afecta los huesos de las rodillas es la artritis. El cartílago de la rodilla se desgasta gradualmente y provoca dolor e inflamación.\nLas lesiones en los ligamentos y tendones también causan problemas con la rodilla. Una lesión común se produce en el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Estas lesiones frecuentemente suelen ocurrir por un movimiento de torsión repentino. Las lesiones del LCA y otras son lesiones deportivas comunes.\nEl tratamiento de los problemas con la rodilla depende de la causa. En algunos casos, el médico puede recomendar un reemplazo de rodilla.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0476","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"foot-fracture-not-ankle","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/foot-fracture-not-ankle","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S92","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ND13.Z","display":"Fracture of foot, except ankle, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1816936182/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1816936182/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Foot fracture (not ankle)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fractură a piciorului (exclusiv glezna)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كسر القدم (باستثناء الكاحل)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zlomenina nohy (kromě kotníku)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fraktur des Fußes (ohne Sprunggelenk)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάταγμα άκρου ποδός (εκτός αστραγάλου)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fractura del pie (excepto el tobillo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fracture du pied (sauf la cheville)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैर का फ्रैक्चर (टखने को छोड़कर)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lábtörés (a boka kivételével)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Frattura del piede (esclusa la caviglia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"足の骨折（足関節を除く）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"발 골절(발목 제외)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Złamanie stopy (z wyjątkiem stawu skokowego)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fratura do pé (exceto tornozelo)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Перелом стопы (кроме голеностопного сустава)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zlomenina chodidla (okrem členka)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ayak kırığı (ayak bileği hariç)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Перелом стопи (крім гомілковостопного суглоба)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"足部骨折（踝除外）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Foot Injuries and Disorders","text":"Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments. No wonder a lot of things can go wrong. Here are a few common problems:\n• Bunions - hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint\n• Corns and calluses - thickened skin from friction or pressure\n• Plantar warts - warts on the soles of your feet\n• Fallen arches - also called flat feet\nIll-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging and being overweight also increase your chances of having foot problems.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades del pie","text":"Cada uno de sus pies tiene 26 huesos, 33 articulaciones y más de 100 tendones, músculos y ligamentos. Por ello pueden afectarle muchos problemas de salud. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:\n• Juanetes: Masa dura y dolorosa en la articulación del dedo gordo del pie\n• Callos y durezas: Engrosamiento de la piel por la fricción o la presión\n• Verrugas plantares: Verrugas en la planta del pie\n• Caída del arco: También conocido como pie plano\nEl uso de zapatos inadecuados suele causar estos problemas. La edad y el sobrepeso también aumentan las posibilidades de tener problemas en los pies.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0477","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"muscle-and-tendon-injury-at-ankle-and-foot-level","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/muscle-and-tendon-injury-at-ankle-and-foot-level","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S96","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ND17.Z","display":"Injury of unspecified muscle, fascia or tendon at ankle or foot level","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1796210077/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1796210077/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Muscle and tendon injury at ankle and foot level","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leziune a mușchilor și tendoanelor la nivelul gleznei și piciorului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إصابة العضلات والأوتار على مستوى الكاحل والقدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poranění svalů a šlach v úrovni kotníku a nohy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verletzung von Muskeln und Sehnen in Höhe des Sprunggelenks und des Fußes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κάκωση μυών και τενόντων στο ύψος του αστραγάλου και του ποδιού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lesión de músculos y tendones a nivel de tobillo y pie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lésion des muscles et tendons au niveau de la cheville et du pied","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टखने और पैर के स्तर पर मांसपेशी और कंडरा की चोट","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Izom- és ínsérülés a boka és a láb szintjén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lesione di muscoli e tendini a livello di caviglia e piede","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"足関節・足の筋・腱損傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"발목 및 발 수준의 근육 및 힘줄 손상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uraz mięśni i ścięgien na poziomie stawu skokowego i stopy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lesão de músculos e tendões ao nível do tornozelo e pé","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травма мышц и сухожилий на уровне голеностопного сустава и стопы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poranenie svalov a šliach v úrovni členka a chodidla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ayak bileği ve ayak düzeyinde kas ve tendon yaralanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травма м'язів і сухожиль на рівні гомілковостопного суглоба та стопи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"踝和足水平的肌肉和肌腱损伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Foot Injuries and Disorders","text":"Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments. No wonder a lot of things can go wrong. Here are a few common problems:\n• Bunions - hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint\n• Corns and calluses - thickened skin from friction or pressure\n• Plantar warts - warts on the soles of your feet\n• Fallen arches - also called flat feet\nIll-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging and being overweight also increase your chances of having foot problems.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades del pie","text":"Cada uno de sus pies tiene 26 huesos, 33 articulaciones y más de 100 tendones, músculos y ligamentos. Por ello pueden afectarle muchos problemas de salud. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:\n• Juanetes: Masa dura y dolorosa en la articulación del dedo gordo del pie\n• Callos y durezas: Engrosamiento de la piel por la fricción o la presión\n• Verrugas plantares: Verrugas en la planta del pie\n• Caída del arco: También conocido como pie plano\nEl uso de zapatos inadecuados suele causar estos problemas. La edad y el sobrepeso también aumentan las posibilidades de tener problemas en los pies.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0478","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"traumatic-amputation-of-the-ankle-and-foot","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/traumatic-amputation-of-the-ankle-and-foot","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"S98","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Traumatic amputation of the ankle and foot","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amputație traumatică a gleznei și piciorului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"البتر الرضحي للكاحل والقدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Traumatická amputace kotníku a nohy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Traumatische Amputation an Knöchel und Fuß","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραυματικός ακρωτηριασμός αστραγάλου και ποδιού","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amputación traumática de tobillo y pie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amputation traumatique de la cheville et du pied","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टखने और पैर का चोट से कटना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A boka és a láb sérüléses amputációja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amputazione traumatica di caviglia e piede","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"足関節・足の外傷性切断","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"발목 및 발의 외상성 절단","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Urazowa amputacja stawu skokowego i stopy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amputação traumática do tornozelo e pé","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Травматическая ампутация на уровне голеностопного сустава и стопы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Traumatická amputácia členka a chodidla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ayak bileği ve ayağın travmatik amputasyonu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Травматична ампутація на рівні гомілковостопного суглоба та стопи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"踝和足创伤性切断","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Foot Injuries and Disorders","text":"Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments. No wonder a lot of things can go wrong. Here are a few common problems:\n• Bunions - hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint\n• Corns and calluses - thickened skin from friction or pressure\n• Plantar warts - warts on the soles of your feet\n• Fallen arches - also called flat feet\nIll-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging and being overweight also increase your chances of having foot problems.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones y enfermedades del pie","text":"Cada uno de sus pies tiene 26 huesos, 33 articulaciones y más de 100 tendones, músculos y ligamentos. Por ello pueden afectarle muchos problemas de salud. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:\n• Juanetes: Masa dura y dolorosa en la articulación del dedo gordo del pie\n• Callos y durezas: Engrosamiento de la piel por la fricción o la presión\n• Verrugas plantares: Verrugas en la planta del pie\n• Caída del arco: También conocido como pie plano\nEl uso de zapatos inadecuados suele causar estos problemas. La edad y el sobrepeso también aumentan las posibilidades de tener problemas en los pies.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0479","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"foreign-body-in-the-eye","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/foreign-body-in-the-eye","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T15","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Foreign body in the eye","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Corp străin pe suprafața ochiului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"جسم غريب في العين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cizí těleso v oku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fremdkörper im äußeren Auge","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ξένο σώμα στο μάτι","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cuerpo extraño en el ojo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Corps étranger de l'œil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आंख में बाहरी कण","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Idegen test a szemben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Corpo estraneo nell'occhio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"眼の異物","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"눈의 이물","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ciało obce w oku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Corpo estranho no olho","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инородное тело глаза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cudzie teleso v oku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gözde yabancı cisim","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Стороннє тіло ока","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"眼异物","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Eye Injuries","text":"The structure of your face helps protect your eyes from injury. Still, injuries can damage your eye, sometimes severely enough that you could lose your vision. Most eye injuries are preventable. If you play sports or work in certain jobs, you may need protection.\nThe most common type of injury happens when something irritates the outer surface of your eye. Certain jobs such as industrial jobs or hobbies such as carpentry make this type of injury more likely. It's also more likely if you wear contact lenses.\nChemicals or heat can burn your eyes. With chemicals, the pain may cause you to close your eyes. This traps the irritant next to the eye and may cause more damage. You should wash out your eye right away while you wait for medical help.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Lesiones del ojo","text":"La estructura de su cara ayuda a proteger sus ojos contra las lesiones. Aún así, las lesiones pueden dañar su ojo y algunas veces son suficientemente severas como para provocar la pérdida de la vista. La mayoría de las lesiones oculares puede prevenirse. Si practica algún deporte o se dedica a determinados trabajos, es posible que necesite protegérselos.\nEl tipo más común de lesión ocurre cuando algo irrita la superficie externa del ojo. Ciertos trabajos como los empleos en la industria o algunos pasatiempos como la carpintería, aumentan las posibilidades de presentar estas lesiones. También son más probables si utiliza lentes de contacto.\nLas sustancias químicas o el calor pueden quemarle los ojos. En el caso de las sustancias químicas, el dolor puede hacerle cerrar los ojos. Eso mantiene el irritante en contacto con su ojo y puede causarle más daños. Es necesario lavarse el ojo de inmediato mientras espera ayuda médica.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0480","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"poisoning-by-antibiotics","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/poisoning-by-antibiotics","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T36","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE60","display":"Harmful effects of drugs, medicaments or biological substances, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1868408442","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1868408442"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Poisoning by antibiotics","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicație cu antibiotice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التسمم بالمضادات الحيوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otrava antibiotiky","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergiftung durch Antibiotika","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δηλητηρίαση από αντιβιοτικά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicación por antibióticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Intoxication par antibiotiques","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एंटीबायोटिक से विषाक्तता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Antibiotikum-mérgezés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Avvelenamento da antibiotici","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"抗生物質による中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"항생제 중독","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrucie antybiotykami","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicação por antibióticos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отравление антибиотиками","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Otrava antibiotikami","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Antibiyotik zehirlenmesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Отруєння антибіотиками","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"抗生素中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Antibiotics","text":"What are antibiotics?\nAntibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.\nAntibiotics can be taken in different ways:\n• Orally (by mouth). This could be pills, capsules, or liquids.\n• Topically. This might be a cream, spray, or ointment that you put on your skin. It could also be eye ointment, eye drops, or ear drops.\n• Through an injection or intravenously (IV). This is usually for more serious infections.\nWhat do antibiotics treat?\nAntibiotics only treat certain bacterial infections, such as strep throat, urinary tract infections, and E. coli.\nYou may not need to take antibiotics for some bacterial infections. For example, you might not need them for many sinus infections or some ear infections. Taking antibiotics when they're not needed won't help you, and they can have side effects. Your health care provider can decide the best treatment for you when you're sick. Don't ask your provider to prescribe an antibiotic for you.\nDo antibiotics treat viral infections?\nAntibiotics do not work on viral infections. For example, you shouldn't take antibiotics for:\n• Colds and runny noses, even if the mucus is thick, yellow, or green\n• Most sore throats (except strep throat)\n• Flu\n• Most cases of bronchitis\nWhat are the side effects of antibiotics?\nThe side effects of antibiotics range from minor to very severe. Some of the common side effects include:\n• Rash\n• Nausea\n• Diarrhea\n• Yeast infections\nMore serious side effects can include:\n• C. diff infections, which cause diarrhea that can lead to severe colon damage and sometimes even death\n• Severe and life-threatening allergic reactions\n• Antibiotic resistance infections\nCall your health care provider if you develop any side effects while taking your antibiotic.\nWhy is it important to take antibiotics only when they're needed?\nYou should only take antibiotics when they are needed because they can cause side effects and can contribute to Antibiotic resistance infections. Antibiotic resistance happens when the bacteria change and become able to resist the effects of an antibiotic. This means that the bacteria continue to grow.\nHow do I use antibiotics correctly?\nWhen you take antibiotics, it is important that you take them responsibly:\n• Always follow the directions carefully. Finish your medicine even if you feel better. If you stop taking them too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect you.\n• Don't save your antibiotics for later.\n• Don't share your antibiotic with others.\n• Don't take antibiotics prescribed for someone else. This may delay the best treatment for you, make you even sicker, or cause side effects.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Antibióticos","text":"¿Qué son los antibióticos?\nLos antibióticos son medicamentos que combaten las infecciones bacterianas en personas y animales. Funcionan matando las bacterias o dificultando su crecimiento y multiplicación.\nLos antibióticos se pueden tomar de diferentes maneras:\n• Por vía oral (por la boca): Pueden ser pastillas, cápsulas o líquidos\n• Tópicamente: Puede aplicarse en crema, aerosol o ungüento que se ponga en la piel. También podría ser un ungüento para los ojos, gotas para los ojos o gotas para los oídos\n• A través de una inyección o por vía intravenosa: Esto suele utilizarse para infecciones más graves\n¿Qué tratan los antibióticos?\nLos antibióticos solo tratan ciertas infecciones bacterianas, como amigdalitis estreptocócica, infecciones de las vías urinarias y E. coli.\nEs posible que no necesite tomar antibióticos para algunas infecciones bacterianas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no los necesite para muchas infecciones sinusales o algunas infecciones del oído. Tomar antibióticos cuando no es necesario no lo ayudará, y pueden tener efectos secundarios. Su profesional de la salud puede determinar el mejor tratamiento para usted cuando esté enfermo. No le pida a su profesional de la salud que le de antibióticos.\n¿Tratan las infecciones virales los antibióticos?\nLos antibióticos no funcionan para las infecciones virales. Por ejemplo, no debe tomar antibióticos para:\n• Resfriados y secreción nasal, incluso si la mucosidad es espesa, amarilla o verde\n• La mayoría de los dolores de garganta (excepto la amigdalitis estreptocócica)\n• Gripe\n• La mayoría de los casos de bronquitis\n¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los antibióticos?\nLos efectos secundarios de los antibióticos varían de leves a muy severos. Algunos de los efectos secundarios comunes incluyen:\n• Sarpullido\n• Náuseas\n• Diarrea\n• Infecciones por cándida\nLos efectos secundarios más graves pueden incluir:\n• Infecciones por Clostridium difficile, las que causan diarrea que puede provocar daños graves en el colon y, a veces, incluso la muerte\n• Reacciones alérgicas graves y potencialmente mortales\n• Infecciones resistentes a los antibióticos\nConsulte con su profesional de la salud si presenta algún efecto secundario mientras toma antibióticos.\n¿Por qué es importante tomar antibióticos solo cuando es necesario?\nSolo debe tomar antibióticos cuando sea necesario porque pueden causar efectos secundarios y pueden contribuir a la resistencia a los antibióticos. Esta ocurre cuando la bacteria cambia y puede resistir los efectos de un antibiótico, es decir, las bacterias continúan creciendo.\n¿Cómo usar los antibióticos correctamente?\nCuando tome antibióticos, es importante que sea de manera responsable:\n• Siempre siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente: Termine su tratamiento incluso si se siente mejor. Si deja de tomarlos demasiado pronto, algunas bacterias pueden sobrevivir y volver a infectarle\n• No guarde sus antibióticos para después\n• No comparta antibióticos con otras personas\n• No tome antibióticos recetados para otra persona: Esto puede retrasar el mejor tratamiento para usted, enfermarlo aún más o causar efectos secundarios\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0481","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"toxic-effects-of-alcohol-alcohol-poisoning","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/toxic-effects-of-alcohol-alcohol-poisoning","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T51","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE61","display":"Harmful effects of or exposure to noxious substances, chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1119330136","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1119330136"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Toxic effects of alcohol (alcohol poisoning)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efecte toxice ale alcoolului (intoxicație alcoolică)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التأثير السام للكحول (التسمم الكحولي)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinek alkoholu (otrava alkoholem)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Toxische Wirkung von Alkohol (Alkoholvergiftung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοξική δράση του αλκοόλ (δηλητηρίαση από αλκοόλ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos tóxicos del alcohol (intoxicación alcohólica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets toxiques de l'alcool (intoxication alcoolique)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"शराब का विषैला प्रभाव (शराब विषाक्तता)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Az alkohol toxikus hatása (alkoholmérgezés)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti tossici dell'alcol (intossicazione alcolica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アルコールの毒作用（急性アルコール中毒）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"알코올의 독성 효과(알코올 중독)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toksyczne działanie alkoholu (zatrucie alkoholowe)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos tóxicos do álcool (intoxicação alcoólica)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Токсическое действие алкоголя (алкогольное отравление)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinok alkoholu (otrava alkoholom)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alkolün toksik etkisi (alkol zehirlenmesi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Токсична дія алкоголю (алкогольне отруєння)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"酒精的毒性作用（酒精中毒）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Alcohol","text":"Many Americans drink alcohol at least occasionally. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans say that adults of legal drinking age should either not drink or drink in moderation. Drinking less is better for your health than drinking more. Also, there are some people who should not drink at all.\nIf you are going to drink, it's important to know how alcohol affects you and how much is too much.\nHow does alcohol affect the body?\nAlcohol is a central nervous system depressant. This means that it is a drug that slows down brain activity. It can change your mood, behavior, and self-control. It can cause problems with memory and thinking clearly. Alcohol can also affect your coordination and physical control.\nAlcohol also has effects on the other organs in your body. For example, it can raise your blood pressure and heart rate. If you drink too much at once, it could make you throw up.\nWhy are the effects of alcohol different from person to person?\nAlcohol's effects vary from person to person, depending on a variety of factors, including:\n• How much you drink\n• How often you drink\n• Your age\n• Your sex\n• Your genetics\n• Your overall health\n• Whether or not you have a family history of alcohol problems\nWhat is moderate drinking?\n• For most women, moderate drinking is no more than 1 standard drink a day\n• For most men, moderate drinking is no more than 2 standard drinks a day\nEven though moderate drinking may be safe for many people, there are still risks. Moderate drinking can raise the risk of death from certain cancers and heart diseases.\nWhat is a standard drink?\nIn the United States, a standard drink is one that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol, which is found in:\n• 12 ounces of regular beer (5% alcohol content)\n• 5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol content)\n• 1.5 ounces or a \"shot\" of distilled spirits or liquor (40% alcohol content)\nWho should not drink alcohol?\nSome people should not drink alcohol at all, including those who:\n• Are in recovery from an alcohol use disorder (AUD)\n• Are unable to control the amount they drink\n• Are under age 21\n• Are pregnant or trying to become pregnant\n• Are taking medicines that can interact with alcohol\n• Have medical conditions that can get worse if you drink alcohol\n• Are planning on driving\n• Will be operating machinery or doing activities that require skill, coordination, and alertness\nIf you have questions about whether it is safe for you to drink, talk with your health care provider.\nWhat is excessive drinking?\nExcessive drinking includes binge drinking and heavy alcohol use:\n• Binge drinking is drinking so much at once that your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level is 0.08% or more:\n• For men, this usually happens after having 5 or more drinks within a few hours.\n• For women, it is usually after about 4 or more drinks within a few hours.\n• Heavy alcohol use means:\n• For men, having more than 5 drinks on any day or more than 15 drinks per week.\n• For women, having more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 8 drinks per week.\nBinge drinking raises your risk of injuries, car crashes, and alcohol overdose. It also puts you at risk of becoming violent or being the victim of violence.\nHeavy alcohol use over a long period of time may cause health problems such as:\n• Alcohol use disorder (AUD)\n• Liver diseases, including cirrhosis and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD)\n• Heart diseases\n• Increased risk of certain cancers\n• Increased risk of injuries\nHeavy alcohol use can also cause problems at home, at work, and with friends. But treatment can help.\nNIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Alcohol","text":"Muchos estadounidenses beben alcohol al menos ocasionalmente. Las Guías Alimentarias para Estadounidenses establecen que los adultos que tienen la edad legal para beber no deben beber o deben hacerlo con moderación. Beber menos es más saludable que beber más. Además, hay personas que no deberían beber en absoluto.\nSi va a beber, es importante conocer cómo puede afectarle el alcohol y cuánto es demasiado.\n¿Cómo el alcohol afecta al cuerpo?\nEl alcohol es un depresor del sistema nervioso central, es decir, es una droga que hace más lenta la actividad cerebral. Puede cambiar su estado de ánimo, comportamiento y autocontrol. Puede causar problemas de memoria y dificultar el pensamiento claro. También puede afectar su coordinación y control físico.\nAdemás, el alcohol también afecta otros órganos del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, puede elevar la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca. Si bebe demasiado de una sola vez, puede causarle vómitos.\n¿Por qué los efectos del alcohol son diferentes de persona a persona?\nLos efectos del alcohol varían de persona a persona, dependiendo de una variedad de factores, incluyendo:\n• Cuánto bebe\n• Cuán seguido bebe\n• La cantidad de comida que consumió antes de beber\n• Su edad\n• Su sexo\n• Su genética\n• Su estado de salud\n• Si tiene o no antecedentes familiares de problemas con el alcohol\n¿Qué es el consumo moderado de alcohol?\n• Para la mayoría de las mujeres, beber moderadamente significa no más de un trago estándar al día\n• Para la mayoría de los hombres, significa no más de dos tragos estándar al día\nSi bien beber moderadamente puede ser seguro para muchas personas, hay ciertos riesgos. Beber en forma moderada puede aumentar el riesgo de muerte por ciertos tipos de cáncer y enfermedades del corazón.\n¿Qué es un trago o bebida estándar?\nEn los Estados Unidos, un trago estándar (conocido también como unidad de bebida estándar) es aquella que contiene alrededor de 14 gramos de alcohol puro, que se encuentra en:\n• 12 onzas de cerveza normal (5% de contenido de alcohol)\n• 5 onzas de vino (12% de contenido de alcohol)\n• 1.5 onzas o un \"trago\" de alcohol destilado o licor (40% de contenido de alcohol)\n¿Quién no debería beber alcohol?\nAlgunas personas no deberían beber en absoluto, por ejemplo:\n• Personas que se encuentran en rehabilitación por trastorno por consumo de alcohol\n• Personas que no pueden controlar la cantidad que beben\n• Menores de 21 años\n• Mujeres embarazadas o que están tratando de quedar embarazadas\n• Personas que están tomando medicamentos que pueden interactuar con el alcohol\n• Personas con problemas médicos que pueden empeorar si beben alcohol\n• Personas que vayan a conducir\n• Personas que vayan a operar maquinaria o realizarán actividades que requieran habilidad, coordinación y estado de alerta\nSi tiene preguntas sobre si es seguro beber, hable con su profesional de la salud.\n¿Qué es el consumo excesivo de alcohol?\nEl consumo excesivo de alcohol incluye los atracones de alcohol y consumir alcohol en exceso:\n• El atracón de alcohol es beber tanto de una vez que su nivel de concentración de alcohol en la sangre (BAC) es del 0,08 % o más:\n• En el caso de los hombres, esto suele ocurrir después de tomar 5 o más tragos en pocas horas\n• En el caso de las mujeres, suele ser después de unos 4 tragos o más en pocas horas\n• Consumo excesivo de alcohol significa:\n• Para hombres, tomar más de 5 tragos en cualquier día o más de 15 tragos por semana\n• Para mujeres, tomar más de 4 tragos en cualquier día o más de 8 tragos por semana\nLos atracones de alcohol aumentan el riesgo de lesiones, accidentes automovilísticos o sobredosis. También puede ponerle en riesgo de volverle violento o ser víctima de violencia.\nConsumir alcohol en exceso durante demasiado tiempo puede causar problemas de salud como:\n• Trastorno por consumo de alcohol\n• Enfermedades del hígado, incluyendo cirrosis y enfermedad del enfermedad hepática asociada al alcohol (ALD)\n• Enfermedades cardíacas\n• Mayor riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer\n• Mayor riesgo de lesiones\nConsumir alcohol en exceso también puede causar problemas en el hogar, en el trabajo y con los amigos. Sin embargo, el tratamiento puede ayudar.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0482","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"toxic-effects-of-soaps-and-detergents","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/toxic-effects-of-soaps-and-detergents","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T55","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE61","display":"Harmful effects of or exposure to noxious substances, chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1119330136","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1119330136"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Toxic effects of soaps and detergents","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efecte toxice ale săpunurilor și detergenților","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التأثير السام للصابون والمنظفات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinek mýdel a čisticích prostředků","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Toxische Wirkung von Seifen und Waschmitteln","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοξική δράση σαπουνιών και απορρυπαντικών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos tóxicos de jabones y detergentes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets toxiques des savons et détergents","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"साबुन और डिटर्जेंट का विषैला प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szappanok és mosószerek toxikus hatása","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti tossici di saponi e detersivi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"石けん・洗剤の毒作用","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비누 및 세제의 독성 효과","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toksyczne działanie mydeł i detergentów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos tóxicos de sabões e detergentes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Токсическое действие мыла и моющих средств","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinok mydiel a čistiacich prostriedkov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sabun ve deterjanların toksik etkisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Токсична дія мила та миючих засобів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肥皂和洗涤剂的毒性作用","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Household Products","text":"The products you use for cleaning, carpentry, auto repair, gardening, and many other household uses can contain ingredients that can harm you, your family, and the environment. These include :\n• Oven and drain cleaners\n• Cleaning and disinfecting products, including bleach and antibacterial cleaners\n• Laundry powder\n• Floor polish\n• Paint thinners, strippers, and removers\n• Pesticides\n• Grease and rust removers\n• Motor oil and fuel additives\n• Arts and crafts supplies\nToxic substances in these products can cause harm if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. People respond to toxic substances in different ways. At high doses, a toxic substance might cause birth defects or other serious problems, including brain damage or death.\nTo avoid problems, keep products in the containers they come in and use them exactly as the label says. Follow label directions or get medical help if you swallow or inhale them or get them on your skin.\nEnvironmental Protection Agency","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Envenenamiento con productos del hogar","text":"Los productos que utiliza para la limpieza, carpintería, reparación de automóviles, jardinería y muchos otros usos domésticos pueden contener ingredientes que pueden dañar su salud, la de su familia y el medio ambiente. Éstos incluyen:\n• Limpiadores de hornos y de drenaje\n• Productos de limpieza y desinfección, incluyendo cloro y limpiadores antibacterianos\n• Detergente en polvo\n• Ceras para el piso\n• Disolventes, decapantes y removedores de pintura\n• Pesticidas\n• Removedores de grasa y óxido\n• Aceite de motor y aditivos de combustible\n• Materiales para el arte y manualidades\nLas sustancias tóxicas en estos productos pueden causar daño si se inhalan, se ingieren o absorben a través de la piel. La gente es afectada por sustancias tóxicas en diferentes maneras. Altas dosis de una sustancia tóxica pueden causar defectos de nacimiento u otros problemas graves, como daño cerebral o la muerte.\nPara evitar problemas, mantenga los productos en sus contenedores originales y utilícelos como lo indica la etiqueta. Siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta o busque ayuda médica si usted los traga, inhala o su piel absorbe estos productos.\nAgencia de Protección Ambiental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0483","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"carbon-monoxide-poisoning","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/carbon-monoxide-poisoning","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T58","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE60","display":"Harmful effects of drugs, medicaments or biological substances, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1868408442","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1868408442"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Carbon monoxide poisoning","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicație cu monoxid de carbon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التسمم بأول أكسيد الكربون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otrava oxidem uhelnatým","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δηλητηρίαση από μονοξείδιο του άνθρακα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Intoxication au monoxyde de carbone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड विषाक्तता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szén-monoxid-mérgezés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Avvelenamento da monossido di carbonio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"一酸化炭素中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"일산화탄소 중독","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrucie tlenkiem węgla (czadem)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicação por monóxido de carbono","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отравление угарным газом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Otrava oxidom uhoľnatým","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Отруєння чадним газом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"一氧化碳中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning","text":"Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas that has no odor or color. But it is very dangerous. It can cause sudden illness and death. CO is found in combustion fumes, such as those made by cars and trucks, lanterns, stoves, gas ranges and heating systems. CO from these fumes can build up in places that don't have a good flow of fresh air. You can be poisoned by breathing them in. The most common symptoms of CO poisoning are:\n• Headache\n• Dizziness\n• Weakness\n• Nausea\n• Vomiting\n• Chest pain\n• Confusion\nIt is often hard to tell if someone has CO poisoning, because the symptoms may be like those of other illnesses. People who are sleeping or intoxicated can die from CO poisoning before they have symptoms. A CO detector can warn you if you have high levels of CO in your home.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono","text":"El monóxido de carbono (CO) es un gas sin olor ni color pero muy peligroso. Puede causar súbitamente una enfermedad y la muerte. El CO se encuentra en el humo de la combustión, como lo es el expulsado por automóviles y camiones, candelabros, estufas, fogones de gas y sistemas de calefacción. El CO proveniente de estos humos puede acumularse en lugares que no tienen una buena circulación de aire fresco. Una persona puede envenenarse al respirarlos. Los síntomas más comunes de envenenamiento por CO son:\n• Dolor de cabeza\n• Mareos\n• Debilidad\n• Náusea\n• Vómitos\n• Dolor en el pecho\n• Confusión\nSuele ser difícil decir si alguien está envenenado con CO, ya que los síntomas pueden parecerse a los de otras enfermedades. Las personas que están dormidas o intoxicadas pueden morir de envenenamiento por CO antes de presentar síntomas. Un detector de CO puede advertirle si tiene altos niveles de CO en su hogar.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0484","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"toxic-effects-of-other-gases-fumes-and-vapours","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/toxic-effects-of-other-gases-fumes-and-vapours","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T59","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE61","display":"Harmful effects of or exposure to noxious substances, chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1119330136","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1119330136"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Toxic effects of other gases, fumes and vapours","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efecte toxice ale altor gaze, fumuri și vapori","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التأثير السام لغازات وأدخنة وأبخرة أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinek jiných plynů, dýmů a par","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Toxische Wirkung anderer Gase, Dämpfe und Rauch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοξική δράση άλλων αερίων, καπνών και ατμών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos tóxicos de otros gases, humos y vapores","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets toxiques d'autres gaz, fumées et vapeurs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य गैसों, धुएं और वाष्प का विषैला प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb gázok, füstök és gőzök toxikus hatása","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti tossici di altri gas, fumi e vapori","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他のガス・煙・蒸気の毒作用","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 가스·연기·증기의 독성 효과","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toksyczne działanie innych gazów, dymów i oparów","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos tóxicos de outros gases, fumos e vapores","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Токсическое действие других газов, дымов и паров","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinok iných plynov, dymov a pár","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer gaz, duman ve buharların toksik etkisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Токсична дія інших газів, димів і парів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他气体、烟雾和蒸气的毒性作用","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Poisoning","text":"A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. You might swallow it, inhale it, inject it, or absorb it through your skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much is taken. Poisons can include:\n• Prescription or over-the-counter medicines taken in doses that are too high\n• Overdoses of illegal drugs\n• Carbon monoxide from gas appliances\n• Household products, such as laundry powder or furniture polish\n• Pesticides\n• Indoor or outdoor plants\n• Metals such as lead and mercury\nThe effects of poisoning range from short-term illness to brain damage, coma, and death. To prevent poisoning it is important to use and store products exactly as their labels say. Keep dangerous products where children can't get to them. Treatment for poisoning depends on the type of poison. If you suspect someone has been poisoned, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 right away.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Envenenamiento","text":"Un veneno o toxina es cualquier sustancia peligrosa para el cuerpo. Es posible tragarlo, inhalarlo, inyectarlo o absorberlo a través de la piel. Cualquier sustancia puede ser un veneno si se ingiere demasiado de ella. Entre los venenos se encuentran:\n• Medicinas a la venta con y sin receta médica en dosis demasiado altas\n• Sobredosis de drogas ilegales\n• Monóxido de carbono de quemadores de gas en el hogar\n• Productos de uso en el hogar, tales como el jabón en polvo para lavar la ropa o lustre para muebles\n• Pesticidas\n• Plantas para interiores y exteriores\n• Metales como el plomo y el mercurio\nLos efectos del envenenamiento o la intoxicación varían de enfermedades de corta duración hasta lesión cerebral, coma y muerte. Para prevenir los envenenamientos es importante usar y guardar los productos exactamente como lo indican las etiquetas. Mantenga los productos alejados del alcance de los niños. El tratamiento de un envenenamiento depende del tipo de veneno. Si sospecha que alguien ha sido envenenado llame al centro de control de envenenamientos local al 1-800-222-1222 de inmediato.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0485","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"pesticide-poisoning","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/pesticide-poisoning","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T60","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE60","display":"Harmful effects of drugs, medicaments or biological substances, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1868408442","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1868408442"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pesticide poisoning","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicație cu pesticide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التسمم بالمبيدات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otrava pesticidy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergiftung durch Pestizide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δηλητηρίαση από φυτοφάρμακα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicación por plaguicidas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Intoxication par pesticides","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कीटनाशक विषाक्तता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Növényvédőszer-mérgezés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Avvelenamento da pesticidi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"農薬中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"농약 중독","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrucie pestycydami","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicação por pesticidas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отравление пестицидами","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Otrava pesticídmi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pestisit zehirlenmesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Отруєння пестицидами","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"农药中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pesticides","text":"Pests live where they are not wanted or cause harm to crops, people, or animals. Pesticides can help get rid of them. Pesticides are not just insect killers. They also include chemicals to control weeds, rodents, mildew, germs, and more. Many household products contain pesticides.\nPesticides can protect your health by killing germs, animals, or plants that could hurt you. However, they can also be harmful to people or pets. You might want to try non-chemical methods first. If you do need a pesticide, use it correctly. Be especially careful around children and pets. Proper disposal of pesticides is also important - it can help protect the environment.\nBiologically-based pesticides are becoming more popular. They often are safer than traditional pesticides.\nEnvironmental Protection Agency","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Pesticidas","text":"Las plagas viven donde no son bienvenidas o causan daños a los cultivos, las personas o los animales. Los pesticidas pueden ayudar a librarse de ellas. Los pesticidas no solo sirven para matar insectos, también incluyen sustancias químicas para el control de hierbas, roedores, moho, gérmenes y otros. Muchos productos domésticos contienen pesticidas.\nLos pesticidas pueden proteger su salud al matar los gérmenes, los animales o las plantas que pueden causarle daño. Sin embargo, estos también pueden ser dañinos para las personas o las mascotas. Es posible que prefiera intentar primero métodos no químicos. Si necesita un pesticida, utilícelo correctamente. Tenga especial cuidado alrededor de niños y mascotas. También es importante desechar los pesticidas correctamente, puede ayudar a proteger el medio ambiente.\nLos pesticidas con base biológica están haciéndose más populares. Frecuentemente, son más seguros que los tradicionales.\nAgencia de Protección Ambiental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0486","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"seafood-poisoning","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/seafood-poisoning","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T61","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Seafood poisoning","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicație cu fructe de mare sau pește","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التسمم بالمأكولات البحرية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otrava mořskými plody","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergiftung durch Meeresfrüchte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δηλητηρίαση από θαλασσινά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicación por mariscos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Intoxication par les fruits de mer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"समुद्री भोजन से विषाक्तता","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tenger gyümölcsei okozta mérgezés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Intossicazione da frutti di mare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"魚介類中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"해산물 중독","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrucie owocami morza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicação por marisco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отравление морепродуктами","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Otrava morskými plodmi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Deniz ürünü zehirlenmesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Отруєння морепродуктами","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"海产品中毒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Foodborne Illness","text":"Each year, around 48 million people in the United States get sick from contaminated food. Common causes include bacteria and viruses. Less often, the cause may be a parasite or a harmful chemical, such as a high amount of pesticides. Symptoms of foodborne illness depend on the cause. They can be mild or serious. They usually include:\n• Upset stomach\n• Abdominal cramps\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Diarrhea\n• Fever\n• Dehydration\nMost foodborne illnesses are acute. This means that they happen suddenly and last a short time.\nIt takes several steps to get food from the farm or fishery to your dining table. Contamination can happen during any of these steps. For example, it can happen to:\n• Raw meat during slaughter\n• Fruits and vegetables when they are growing or when they are processed\n• Refrigerated foods when they are left on a loading dock in warm weather\nBut it can also happen in your kitchen if you leave food out for more than 2 hours at room temperature. Handling food safely can help prevent foodborne illnesses.\nMost people with foodborne illness get better on their own. It is important to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. If your health care provider can diagnose the specific cause, you may get medicines such as antibiotics to treat it. For more serious illness, you may need treatment at a hospital.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos","text":"Cada año, unas 48 millones de personas en los Estados Unidos se enferman por consumir alimentos contaminados. Las causas comunes incluyen bacterias y virus. Con menos frecuencia, la causa puede ser un parásito o un químico dañino, como una gran cantidad de pesticidas. Los síntomas de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos dependen de la causa. Pueden ser leves o severas. Por lo general incluyen:\n• Malestar estomacal\n• Cólicos abdominales\n• Náusea y vómitos\n• Diarrea\n• Fiebre\n• Deshidratación\nLa mayoría de las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos son agudas. Esto significa que ocurren de repente y duran poco tiempo.\nSe requieren varios pasos para llevar la comida de la granja o pesquería a su mesa. La contaminación puede ocurrir durante cualquiera de estos pasos. Por ejemplo, puede sucederle a:\n• Carne cruda mientras matan al animal\n• Frutas y verduras mientras crecen o se procesan\n• Alimentos refrigerados cuando se dejan en un muelle de carga cuando hace calor\nPero también puede ocurrir en la cocina, si deja los alimentos a temperatura ambiente más de dos horas. Manipular los alimentos con cuidado puede prevenir estas enfermedades.\nLa mayoría de las personas con enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos mejoran por sí mismas. Es importante reemplazar los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Si su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la causa específica, los medicamentos como antibióticos pueden tratarla. Para una enfermedad más grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un hospital.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0487","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"poisoning-from-other-harmful-foods-such-as-mushrooms","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/poisoning-from-other-harmful-foods-such-as-mushrooms","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T62","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE61","display":"Harmful effects of or exposure to noxious substances, chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1119330136","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1119330136"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Poisoning from other harmful foods (such as mushrooms)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicație cu alte alimente nocive (de exemplu ciuperci)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التسمم بأطعمة ضارة أخرى (مثل الفطر)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otrava jinými škodlivými potravinami (např. houbami)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergiftung durch andere schädliche Nahrungsmittel (z. B. Pilze)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δηλητηρίαση από άλλες επιβλαβείς τροφές (π.χ. μανιτάρια)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicación por otros alimentos nocivos (p. ej., setas)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Intoxication par d'autres aliments toxiques (p. ex. champignons)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य हानिकारक खाद्य पदार्थों से विषाक्तता (जैसे मशरूम)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb ártalmas ételek okozta mérgezés (pl. gomba)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Avvelenamento da altri alimenti nocivi (es. funghi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の有害食物による中毒（キノコなど）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 유해 식품 중독(버섯 등)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrucie innymi szkodliwymi pokarmami (np. grzybami)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Intoxicação por outros alimentos nocivos (ex. cogumelos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отравление другими вредными продуктами (например грибами)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Otrava inými škodlivými potravinami (napr. hubami)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer zararlı yiyeceklerle zehirlenme (ör. mantar)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Отруєння іншими шкідливими продуктами (наприклад грибами)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他有害食物中毒（如蘑菇）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Foodborne Illness","text":"Each year, around 48 million people in the United States get sick from contaminated food. Common causes include bacteria and viruses. Less often, the cause may be a parasite or a harmful chemical, such as a high amount of pesticides. Symptoms of foodborne illness depend on the cause. They can be mild or serious. They usually include:\n• Upset stomach\n• Abdominal cramps\n• Nausea and vomiting\n• Diarrhea\n• Fever\n• Dehydration\nMost foodborne illnesses are acute. This means that they happen suddenly and last a short time.\nIt takes several steps to get food from the farm or fishery to your dining table. Contamination can happen during any of these steps. For example, it can happen to:\n• Raw meat during slaughter\n• Fruits and vegetables when they are growing or when they are processed\n• Refrigerated foods when they are left on a loading dock in warm weather\nBut it can also happen in your kitchen if you leave food out for more than 2 hours at room temperature. Handling food safely can help prevent foodborne illnesses.\nMost people with foodborne illness get better on their own. It is important to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. If your health care provider can diagnose the specific cause, you may get medicines such as antibiotics to treat it. For more serious illness, you may need treatment at a hospital.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos","text":"Cada año, unas 48 millones de personas en los Estados Unidos se enferman por consumir alimentos contaminados. Las causas comunes incluyen bacterias y virus. Con menos frecuencia, la causa puede ser un parásito o un químico dañino, como una gran cantidad de pesticidas. Los síntomas de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos dependen de la causa. Pueden ser leves o severas. Por lo general incluyen:\n• Malestar estomacal\n• Cólicos abdominales\n• Náusea y vómitos\n• Diarrea\n• Fiebre\n• Deshidratación\nLa mayoría de las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos son agudas. Esto significa que ocurren de repente y duran poco tiempo.\nSe requieren varios pasos para llevar la comida de la granja o pesquería a su mesa. La contaminación puede ocurrir durante cualquiera de estos pasos. Por ejemplo, puede sucederle a:\n• Carne cruda mientras matan al animal\n• Frutas y verduras mientras crecen o se procesan\n• Alimentos refrigerados cuando se dejan en un muelle de carga cuando hace calor\nPero también puede ocurrir en la cocina, si deja los alimentos a temperatura ambiente más de dos horas. Manipular los alimentos con cuidado puede prevenir estas enfermedades.\nLa mayoría de las personas con enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos mejoran por sí mismas. Es importante reemplazar los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Si su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la causa específica, los medicamentos como antibióticos pueden tratarla. Para una enfermedad más grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un hospital.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0488","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"venomous-bites-and-stings","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/venomous-bites-and-stings","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T63","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE60","display":"Harmful effects of drugs, medicaments or biological substances, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1868408442","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1868408442"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Venomous bites and stings","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mușcături și înțepături veninoase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اللدغات واللسعات السامة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Jedovatá kousnutí a bodnutí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Giftige Bisse und Stiche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δηλητηριώδη δαγκώματα και τσιμπήματα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mordeduras y picaduras venenosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Morsures et piqûres venimeuses","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ज़हरीले जानवरों का काटना और डंक","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mérges harapások és csípések","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Morsi e punture velenosi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"有毒動物による咬傷・刺傷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"독성 동물의 물림 및 쏘임","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ukąszenia i użądlenia jadowite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mordeduras e picadas venenosas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Укусы и ужаления ядовитыми животными","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Jedovaté uhryznutia a bodnutia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zehirli ısırık ve sokmalar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Укуси та ужалення отруйними тваринами","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"有毒动物咬伤和蜇伤","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Animal Bites","text":"Wild animals usually avoid people. They might attack, however, if they feel threatened, are sick, or are protecting their young or territory. Attacks by pets are more common. Animal bites rarely are life-threatening, but if they become infected, you can develop serious medical problems.\nTo prevent animal bites and complications from bites:\n• Never pet, handle, or feed unknown animals\n• Leave snakes alone\n• Watch your children closely around animals\n• Vaccinate your cats, ferrets, and dogs against rabies\n• Spay or neuter your dog to make it less aggressive\n• Get a tetanus booster if you have not had one recently\n• Wear boots and long pants when you are in areas with venomous snakes\nIf an animal bites you, clean the wound with soap and water as soon as possible. Get medical attention if necessary.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mordeduras de animales","text":"Los animales salvajes suelen huir de las personas. Sin embargo, pueden atacar si se sienten amenazados, si están enfermos, si protegen a sus crías o su territorio. Los ataques de mascotas son los más comunes. Las mordeduras de animales rara vez ponen en peligro la vida, pero si se infectan pueden surgir problemas médicos graves.\nPara evitar las mordeduras de animales y sus complicaciones:\n• Nunca acaricie, manipule o alimente animales desconocidos\n• No moleste a las serpientes\n• Vigile cuidadosamente a sus hijos cuando haya animales cerca\n• Vacune a sus gatos, hurones y perros contra la rabia\n• Esterilice o castre a su perro para que sea menos agresivo\n• Vacúnese con un refuerzo de la vacuna contra el tétanos si no ha recibido uno recientemente\n• Use botas y pantalones largos cuando vaya a regiones con serpientes venenosas\nSi un animal lo muerde, limpie la herida con agua y jabón lo más pronto posible. De ser necesario, obtenga atención médica.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0489","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"aflatoxin-and-other-mould-toxins-in-food","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/aflatoxin-and-other-mould-toxins-in-food","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T64","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NE61","display":"Harmful effects of or exposure to noxious substances, chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1119330136","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1119330136"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxin and other mould toxins in food","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxine și alte micotoxine din alimente","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الأفلاتوكسين وسموم فطرية أخرى في الطعام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxiny a jiné mykotoxiny v potravinách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxin und andere Schimmelpilzgifte in Lebensmitteln","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αφλατοξίνες και άλλες μυκοτοξίνες στα τρόφιμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxinas y otras micotoxinas en los alimentos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxines et autres mycotoxines alimentaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"भोजन में एफ्लाटॉक्सिन और अन्य फफूंद विष","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxin és egyéb penészgomba-méreg az élelmiszerben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aflatossine e altre micotossine negli alimenti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"食品中のアフラトキシンその他のかび毒","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"식품 중 아플라톡신 및 기타 곰팡이 독소","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoksyny i inne mykotoksyny w żywności","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxinas e outras micotoxinas nos alimentos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Афлатоксины и другие микотоксины в пище","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aflatoxíny a iné mykotoxíny v potravinách","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gıdalarda aflatoksin ve diğer küf toksinleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Афлатоксини та інші мікотоксини в їжі","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"食物中的黄曲霉毒素和其他霉菌毒素","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Molds","text":"Molds are fungi that can be found both outdoors and indoors. They grow best in warm, damp and humid conditions. If you have damp or wet spots in your house, you will probably get mold.\nMolds can cause health problems. Inhaling or touching mold or mold spores may cause allergic reactions or asthma attacks in sensitive people. Molds can cause fungal infections. In addition, mold exposure may irritate your eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Moho","text":"El moho está formado por hongos que pueden encontrarse en exteriores o interiores. Crecen mejor en condiciones cálidas, mojadas y húmedas. Si tiene lugares mojados o húmedos en su casa, probablemente tendrá hongos.\nEl moho puede causarle problemas de salud. Inhalar o tocar moho o esporas de moho puede causar reacciones alérgicas\no crisis de asma en personas sensibles. También puede causar infecciones micóticas. Además, la exposición al moho puede irritarle los ojos, la piel, la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones.\nCentros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0490","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"toxic-effects-of-other-substances","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/toxic-effects-of-other-substances","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T65","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Toxic effects of other substances","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efecte toxice ale altor substanțe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التأثير السام لمواد أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinek jiných látek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Toxische Wirkung anderer Substanzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοξική δράση άλλων ουσιών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos tóxicos de otras sustancias","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets toxiques d'autres substances","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य पदार्थों का विषैला प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb anyagok toxikus hatása","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti tossici di altre sostanze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の物質の毒作用","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 물질의 독성 효과","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toksyczne działanie innych substancji","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos tóxicos de outras substâncias","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Токсическое действие других веществ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Toxický účinok iných látok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer maddelerin toksik etkisi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Токсична дія інших речовин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他物质的毒性作用","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Poisoning","text":"A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. You might swallow it, inhale it, inject it, or absorb it through your skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much is taken. Poisons can include:\n• Prescription or over-the-counter medicines taken in doses that are too high\n• Overdoses of illegal drugs\n• Carbon monoxide from gas appliances\n• Household products, such as laundry powder or furniture polish\n• Pesticides\n• Indoor or outdoor plants\n• Metals such as lead and mercury\nThe effects of poisoning range from short-term illness to brain damage, coma, and death. To prevent poisoning it is important to use and store products exactly as their labels say. Keep dangerous products where children can't get to them. Treatment for poisoning depends on the type of poison. If you suspect someone has been poisoned, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 right away.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Envenenamiento","text":"Un veneno o toxina es cualquier sustancia peligrosa para el cuerpo. Es posible tragarlo, inhalarlo, inyectarlo o absorberlo a través de la piel. Cualquier sustancia puede ser un veneno si se ingiere demasiado de ella. Entre los venenos se encuentran:\n• Medicinas a la venta con y sin receta médica en dosis demasiado altas\n• Sobredosis de drogas ilegales\n• Monóxido de carbono de quemadores de gas en el hogar\n• Productos de uso en el hogar, tales como el jabón en polvo para lavar la ropa o lustre para muebles\n• Pesticidas\n• Plantas para interiores y exteriores\n• Metales como el plomo y el mercurio\nLos efectos del envenenamiento o la intoxicación varían de enfermedades de corta duración hasta lesión cerebral, coma y muerte. Para prevenir los envenenamientos es importante usar y guardar los productos exactamente como lo indican las etiquetas. Mantenga los productos alejados del alcance de los niños. El tratamiento de un envenenamiento depende del tipo de veneno. Si sospecha que alguien ha sido envenenado llame al centro de control de envenenamientos local al 1-800-222-1222 de inmediato.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0491","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"effects-of-radiation","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/effects-of-radiation","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T66","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Effects of radiation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efectele radiațiilor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"آثار الإشعاع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Účinky záření","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Strahlenschäden","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιδράσεις της ακτινοβολίας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos de la radiación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets des rayonnements","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"विकिरण के प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A sugárzás hatásai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti delle radiazioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"放射線の影響","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"방사선의 영향","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Skutki promieniowania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos da radiação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Воздействие излучения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Účinky žiarenia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Radyasyon etkileri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вплив випромінювання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"辐射效应","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0492","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"effects-of-air-or-water-pressure-including-altitude-and-diving-sickness","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/effects-of-air-or-water-pressure-including-altitude-and-diving-sickness","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T70","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Effects of air or water pressure (including altitude and diving sickness)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efectele presiunii aerului sau apei (inclusiv rău de altitudine și boala de decompresie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"آثار ضغط الهواء أو الماء (بما في ذلك داء المرتفعات وداء الغواصين)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Účinky tlaku vzduchu nebo vody (včetně výškové a dekompresní nemoci)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Folgen von Luft- oder Wasserdruck (einschließlich Höhen- und Taucherkrankheit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιδράσεις της πίεσης αέρα ή νερού (περιλαμβάνονται η νόσος του υψομέτρου και των δυτών)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos de la presión del aire o del agua (incluido el mal de altura y la enfermedad por descompresión)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets de la pression de l'air ou de l'eau (dont mal des montagnes et maladie de décompression)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हवा या पानी के दबाव के प्रभाव (ऊंचाई और गोताखोरी रोग सहित)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A lég- vagy víznyomás hatásai (magassági és keszonbetegséggel)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti della pressione dell'aria o dell'acqua (inclusi mal di montagna e malattia da decompressione)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"気圧・水圧の影響（高山病・減圧症を含む）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기압 또는 수압의 영향(고산병 및 잠수병 포함)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Skutki ciśnienia powietrza lub wody (w tym choroba wysokościowa i dekompresyjna)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos da pressão do ar ou da água (incluindo mal de altitude e doença de descompressão)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Воздействие давления воздуха или воды (включая горную и декомпрессионную болезнь)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Účinky tlaku vzduchu alebo vody (vrátane výškovej a dekompresnej choroby)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hava veya su basıncının etkileri (yükseklik ve vurgun dahil)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вплив тиску повітря або води (включно з гірською та декомпресійною хворобою)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"气压或水压效应（包括高原病和减压病）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Barotrauma","text":"Barotrauma means injury to your body because of changes in barometric (air) or water pressure. One common type happens to your ear. A change in altitude may cause your ears to hurt. This can happen if you are flying in an airplane, driving in the mountains, or scuba diving. Divers can also get decompression sickness, which affects the whole body.\nCommon symptoms of ear barotrauma include:\n• Pain\n• A feeling that your ears are stuffed\n• Hearing loss\n• Dizziness\nTreatments for ear barotrauma include chewing gum and yawning to relieve the pressure. Medications such as decongestants may also help.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Barotrauma","text":"El barotrauma es el daño al cuerpo provocado por cambios barométricos, es decir, de la presión del aire o del agua. Un tipo común de barotrauma es el de oído que es producido por un cambio de altitud y puede provocar dolor. Esto puede suceder cuando viaja en avión, va en coche por las montañas o bucea. Los buceadores también pueden sufrir de enfermedad por descompresión que afecta todo el cuerpo.\nLos síntomas más comunes del barotrauma incluyen:\n• Dolor\n• Sensación de taponamiento de los oídos\n• Pérdida de la audición\n• Mareo\nEl tratamiento para el barotrauma de oído incluye masticar goma de mascar y bostezar. Algunos medicamentos, como los descongestionantes, pueden ayudar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0493","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"maltreatment-syndromes-abuse-and-neglect","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/maltreatment-syndromes-abuse-and-neglect","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T74","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Maltreatment syndromes (abuse and neglect)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sindroame de maltratare (abuz și neglijare)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"متلازمات سوء المعاملة (الإساءة والإهمال)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Syndromy týrání (zneužívání a zanedbávání)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Misshandlungssyndrome (Missbrauch und Vernachlässigung)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύνδρομα κακοποίησης (κακοποίηση και παραμέληση)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Síndromes de maltrato (abuso y abandono)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Syndromes de maltraitance (abus et négligence)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दुर्व्यवहार सिंड्रोम (शोषण और उपेक्षा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bántalmazási szindrómák (bántalmazás és elhanyagolás)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sindromi da maltrattamento (abuso e trascuratezza)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"虐待症候群（虐待・ネグレクト）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"학대 증후군(학대 및 방임)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zespoły maltretowania (przemoc i zaniedbanie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Síndromes de maus-tratos (abuso e negligência)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Синдромы жестокого обращения (насилие и пренебрежение)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Syndrómy týrania (zneužívanie a zanedbávanie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kötü muamele sendromları (istismar ve ihmal)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Синдроми жорстокого поводження (насильство та нехтування)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"虐待综合征（虐待和忽视）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Child Abuse","text":"Child abuse is doing something or failing to do something that results in harm to a\nchild or puts a child at risk of harm. Child abuse can be physical, sexual or emotional. Neglect, or not providing for a child's needs, is also a\nform of abuse.\nMost abused children suffer greater emotional than physical damage. An abused child may\nbecome depressed. He or she may withdraw, think of suicide or become violent. An older\nchild may use drugs or alcohol, try to run away or abuse others.\nChild abuse is a serious problem. If you suspect a child is being abused or neglected,\ncall the police or your local child welfare agency.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Maltrato al menor","text":"Maltratar a un menor es hacer algo, o dejar de hacer algo, que resulte en un daño para un niño o lo ponga en riesgo de lastimarse. El maltrato al menor puede ser físico, sexual o emocional. La negligencia, o el no cubrir las necesidades de un niño, también es una forma de abuso.\nLa mayoría de los niños maltratados sufren más daños emocionales que físicos. Un niño maltratado puede deprimirse. Puede retraerse, pensar en suicidarse o tornarse violento. Los niños más grandes pueden consumir drogas o alcohol, intentar huir o abusar de otros.\nEl maltrato al menor es un problema serio. Si sospecha que algún niño sufre maltratos o negligencia, llame a la policía o a la agencia local para el bienestar infantil.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0494","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"effects-of-other-external-causes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/effects-of-other-external-causes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T76","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"NF0Z","display":"Unspecified effects of external causes","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/609351978/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#609351978/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Unspecified effects of external causes","review":"source"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Effects of other external causes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efectele altor cauze externe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"آثار أسباب خارجية أخرى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Účinky jiných vnějších příčin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schäden durch andere äußere Ursachen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιδράσεις άλλων εξωτερικών αιτίων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efectos de otras causas externas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Effets d'autres causes externes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अन्य बाहरी कारणों के प्रभाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Egyéb külső okok hatásai","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Effetti di altre cause esterne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"その他の外因の影響","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기타 외인의 영향","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Skutki innych przyczyn zewnętrznych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efeitos de outras causas externas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Воздействие других внешних причин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Účinky iných vonkajších príčin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diğer dış nedenlerin etkileri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вплив інших зовнішніх причин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"其他外因效应","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019)."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"CON-0495","type":"condition","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/condition","slug":"complications-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-implants","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/condition/complications-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-implants","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"T82","display":null},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"PK91.2Y","display":"Other specified cardiovascular devices associated with injury or harm, prosthetic or other implants, materials or accessory devices","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1486586685/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1486586685/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Complications of heart and blood vessel implants","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Complicații ale protezelor, implanturilor și grefelor cardiace și vasculare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"مضاعفات الأجهزة التعويضية والغرسات والطعوم القلبية والوعائية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Komplikace srdečních a cévních protéz, implantátů a štěpů","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Komplikationen durch Prothesen, Implantate oder Transplantate im Herzen und in den Gefäßen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιπλοκές καρδιακών και αγγειακών προθέσεων, εμφυτευμάτων και μοσχευμάτων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Complicaciones de prótesis, implantes e injertos cardíacos y vasculares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Complications des prothèses, implants et greffes cardiaques et vasculaires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय और रक्त वाहिका प्रत्यारोपण की जटिलताएँ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szív- és érprotézisek, implantátumok és graftok szövődményei","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Complicanze di protesi, impianti e innesti cardiaci e vascolari","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心臓・血管の人工物・インプラント・移植片の合併症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심장 및 혈관 인공삽입물·이식물의 합병증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powikłania protez, wszczepów i przeszczepów sercowo-naczyniowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Complicações de próteses, implantes e enxertos cardíacos e vasculares","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осложнения сердечных и сосудистых протезов, имплантатов и трансплантатов","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Komplikácie srdcových a cievnych protéz, implantátov a štepov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp ve damar protezleri, implantları ve greftlerinin komplikasyonları","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ускладнення серцевих і судинних протезів, імплантатів і трансплантатів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心脏和血管假体、植入物及移植物并发症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Heart Surgery","text":"What is heart surgery?\nHeart surgery can correct certain heart problems when other treatments haven't worked or can't be used.\nIn some cases, heart surgery may be a medical emergency. For example, surgery for a severe heart attack may need to be done right away. In other cases, you can plan heart surgery ahead of time. Some heart surgeries are major operations, such as heart bypass surgery for blocked arteries in the heart. Other surgeries are more minor heart procedures, such as putting in a pacemaker.\nWhat conditions does heart surgery treat?\nThere are different types of heart surgery that can help treat many heart conditions:\nWhat conditions does heart surgery treat?\nWhat does the heart surgery do?\nCoronary artery disease (CAD) - when a sticky substance called plaque narrows or blocks the arteries that supply blood to your heart muscle.\nMakes a new path for blood to flow around the blocked part of an artery in the heart. This is called a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or heart bypass. It's the most common heart surgery in adults.\nHeart valve diseases - problems with the valves that control the flow of blood through your heart.\nRepairs heart valves.Replaces heart valves with a mechanical valve or a biologic valve made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue.\nArrhythmia - problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. They are caused by changes in the electrical signals that control your heartbeat.\nPlaces a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in the chest to correct your heartbeat.Treats atrial fibrillation with small cuts in the heart muscle. The cuts form scars that make a path for the heart's electrical signals (Maze surgery).\nHeart failure - when your heart is too weak or stiff to pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your body's needs.\nPlaces a device in the chest which may include:• An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to help prevent sudden cardiac arrest.\n• A biventricular pacemaker to coordinate the heart's pumping action so it's more powerful.\n• A ventricular assist device to help the heart pump blood.\n• A total artificial heart to pump blood for the heart.\nReplaces a seriously diseased heart with a heathy heart (heart transplantation).\nHeart aneurysm - a balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery. It can be life-threatening if the aneurysm tears or bursts.\nRepairs or replaces the weak part of a heart artery using a patch or a tube made of fabric.\nAngina - chest pain from coronary artery disease.\nUses a laser to make small channels through part of the heart muscle (transmyocardial laser revascularization).\nDamaged and abnormal heart structures, including congenital heart defects - heart structure problems that you're born with.\nRepairs heart damage or problems with how the heart and blood vessels are formed. Repairs depend on the type of defect or damage.\nWhat approaches do surgeons use to do heart surgery?\nThe approach a surgeon uses to do heart surgery depends on your heart problem, your general health, and other factors. Approaches to heart surgery include:\n• Open-heart surgery (also called traditional heart surgery) is when the surgeon cuts the chest open to reach the heart. Because it's difficult to operate on a beating heart, medicines are used to stop the heart. A heart-lung bypass machine keeps oxygen-rich blood pumping through the body during the surgery.\n• Off-pump heart surgery is open-heart surgery on a beating heart without using a heart-lung bypass machine. The surgeon holds the heart steady with a device. Surgeons may use off-pump heart surgery to do coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), but only in certain cases.\n• Minimally invasive heart surgery uses small cuts between the ribs. The cuts may be as small as 2 to 3 inches. The surgeon inserts tools into the chest through the cuts. This type of heart surgery may or may not use a heart-lung bypass machine.\n• Robotic-assisted surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery. The surgeon uses a computer to control tools on the arms of a robot. This allows the surgeon to be very accurate when doing difficult operations.\nWhat are the risks of heart surgery?\nLike all surgery, heart surgery has risks even though the results are often excellent. The risks include:\n• Bleeding\n• Infection, fever, and swelling\n• A problem from anesthesia (medicine that makes you sleep during surgery)\n• Arrhythmia\n• Damage to the heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs\n• Stroke\nThe risks of heart surgery tend to be higher if:\n• The surgery is an emergency.\n• You have other medical conditions, including:\n• Diabetes\n• Kidney diseases\n• Lung diseases\n• Peripheral artery disease (PAD)\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Cirugías de corazón","text":"¿Qué es la cirugía cardíaca?\nLa cirugía cardíaca puede corregir ciertos problemas cardíacos cuando otros tratamientos no han funcionado o no se pueden usar.\nEn algunos casos, la cirugía cardíaca puede ser una emergencia médica. Por ejemplo, es posible que se deba realizar de inmediato una cirugía para un ataque cardíaco grave. En otros casos, puede planificar la cirugía cardíaca con anticipación. Algunas cirugías cardíacas son operaciones importantes, como la cirugía de derivación cardíaca para arterias bloqueadas en el corazón. Otras cirugías son procedimientos cardíacos menores, como la colocación de un marcapasos.\n¿Qué afecciones trata la cirugía cardíaca?\nHay diferentes tipos de cirugía cardíaca que pueden ayudar a tratar muchas afecciones cardíacas:\n¿Qué afecciones trata la cirugía cardíaca? ¿Qué hace la cirugía del corazón? Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: Ocurre cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada placa estrecha o bloquea las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco. Crea un nuevo camino para que la sangre fluya alrededor de la parte bloqueada de una arteria en el corazón. Esto se llama injerto de derivación de arteria coronaria, o derivación cardíaca. Es la cirugía cardíaca más común en adultos. Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón: Problemas con las válvulas que controlan el flujo de sangre a través del corazón. Repara las válvulas del corazón.Reemplaza las válvulas cardíacas con una válvula mecánica o una válvula biológica hecha de tejido cardíaco de cerdo, vaca o humano. Arritmia: Problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón. Son causados por cambios en las señales eléctricas que controlan los latidos del corazón. Coloca un marcapasos o un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable en el pecho para corregir los latidos del corazón.Trata la fibrilación auricular con pequeños cortes en el músculo cardíaco. Los cortes forman cicatrices que abren un camino para las señales eléctricas del corazón (cirugía de laberinto). Insuficiencia cardíaca: Cuando su corazón está demasiado débil o rígido para bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo. Coloca un dispositivo en el pecho que puede incluir:• Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable para ayudar a prevenir un paro cardíaco repentino\n• Un marcapasos biventricular para coordinar la acción de bombeo del corazón para que sea más potente\n• Un dispositivo de asistencia ventricular para ayudar al corazón a bombear sangre\n• Un corazón artificial total para bombear sangre para el corazón\nReemplaza un corazón gravemente enfermo por un corazón sano (trasplante de corazón). Aneurisma cardíaco: Protuberancia similar a un globo en la pared de una arteria. Puede poner en peligro la vida si el aneurisma se desgarra o revienta. Repara o reemplaza la parte débil de una arteria del corazón utilizando un parche o un tubo de tela. Angina: Dolor en el pecho por enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Utiliza un láser para crear pequeños canales a través de una parte del músculo cardíaco (revascularización transmiocárdica con láser). Estructuras cardíacas dañadas y anormales, incluidos defectos cardíacos congénitos: Problemas de la estructura cardíaca desde el nacimiento. Repara daños en el corazón o problemas con la forma en que se forman el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Las reparaciones dependen del tipo de defecto o daño.\n¿Qué enfoques utilizan los cirujanos para realizar una cirugía cardíaca?\nEl enfoque que utiliza un cirujano para realizar una cirugía cardíaca depende del problema cardíaco, la salud general y otros factores. Los enfoques de la cirugía cardíaca incluyen:\n• Cirugía a corazón abierto (también llamada cirugía cardíaca tradicional): Ocurre cuando el cirujano abre el tórax para llegar al corazón. Debido a que es difícil operar con un corazón que late, se usan medicamentos para detener el corazón. Una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo mantiene la sangre rica en oxígeno bombeando a través del cuerpo durante la cirugía\n• Cirugía cardíaca sin circulación extracorpórea: Cirugía a corazón abierto en un corazón que late sin usar una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo. El cirujano mantiene constante al corazón con un dispositivo. Los cirujanos pueden usar la cirugía cardíaca sin circulación extracorpórea para realizar injertos de derivación de la arteria coronaria, pero solo en ciertos casos\n• Cirugía cardíaca mínimamente invasiva: Utiliza pequeños cortes entre las costillas. Los cortes pueden ser tan pequeños como de 2 a 3 pulgadas. El cirujano inserta instrumentos en el tórax a través de los cortes. Este tipo de cirugía cardíaca puede o no usar una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo (extracorpórea)\n• Cirugía asistida por robot: Tipo de cirugía mínimamente invasiva. El cirujano usa una computadora para controlar herramientas en los brazos de un robot. Esto permite que el cirujano sea muy preciso al realizar operaciones difíciles\n¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la cirugía cardíaca?\nComo toda cirugía, la cirugía cardíaca tiene riesgos, aunque los resultados suelen ser excelentes. Los riesgos incluyen:\n• Sangrado\n• Infección, fiebre e hinchazón\n• Problemas por la anestesia (medicamento que lo hace dormir durante la cirugía)\n• Arritmia\n• Daño al corazón, los riñones, el hígado y los pulmones\n• Accidente cerebrovascular\nLos riesgos de la cirugía cardíaca tienden a ser mayores si:\n• La cirugía es una emergencia\n• Tiene otras afecciones médicas, incluyendo:\n• Diabetes\n• Enfermedades de los riñones\n• Enfermedades de los pulmones\n• Enfermedad arterial periférica\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"}},{"concept_id":"SYM-0001","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"palpitations-r00","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/palpitations-r00","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R00","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC81","display":"Abnormalities of heart beat","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abnormalities of heart beat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Anomalii ale bătăilor inimii (palpitații; puls rapid sau lent)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Palpitations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herzklopfen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Palpitations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Palpitaciones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Palpitazioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Palpitações","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kołatanie serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bušení srdce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Búšenie srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívdobogás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αίσθημα παλμών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ощущение сердцебиения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Відчуття серцебиття","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çarpıntı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خفقان القلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दिल की धड़कन असामान्य लगना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"動悸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"두근거림","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心悸","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"bataile inimii"},{"lang":"ro","text":"inima bate"},{"lang":"ro","text":"palpitat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"palpitatii"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tahicard"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tahicardie"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0002","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"heart-murmur","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/heart-murmur","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R01","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC83","display":"Cardiac murmurs or other cardiac sounds","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cardiac murmurs or other cardiac sounds","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Sufluri și alte zgomote cardiace","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Heart murmur","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herzgeräusch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Souffle cardiaque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Soplo cardíaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Soffio cardiaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sopro cardíaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Szmer serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Srdeční šelest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Srdcový šelest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívzörej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρδιακό φύσημα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Шум в сердце","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Шум у серці","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp üfürümü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نفخة قلبية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय में मर्मर ध्वनि","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"心雑音","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심잡음","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心脏杂音","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0003","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"gangrene","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/gangrene","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R02","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC85","display":"Gangrene","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/188156827","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#188156827"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Gangrene","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Gangrenă neclasificată altundeva","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Gangrene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gangrän","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gangrène","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gangrena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cancrena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gangrena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zgorzel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Gangréna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Gangréna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Üszkösödés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γάγγραινα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гангрена","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гангрена","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kangren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"غرغرينا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गैंग्रीन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"壊疽","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"괴저","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"坏疽","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gangrene","text":"Gangrene is the death of tissues in your body. It happens when a part of your body loses its blood supply. Gangrene can happen on the surface of the body, such as on the skin, or inside the body, in muscles or organs. Causes include:\n• Serious injuries\n• Problems with blood circulation, such as atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease\n• Diabetes\nSkin symptoms may include a blue or black color, pain, numbness, and sores that produce a foul-smelling discharge. If the gangrene is internal, you may run a fever and feel unwell, and the area may be swollen and painful.\nGangrene is a serious condition. It needs immediate attention. Treatment includes surgery, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy. In severe cases an amputation may be necessary.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gangrena","text":"La gangrena es la muerte de los tejidos en su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando el suministro de sangre no llega a una parte de su cuerpo. La gangrena puede ocurrir en la superficie del cuerpo, como la piel o al interior del cuerpo, como en los músculos o los órganos. Las causas incluyen:\n• Lesiones graves\n• Problemas con la circulación de la sangre, como la aterosclerosis y la enfermedad arterial periférica\n• Diabetes\nLos síntomas en la piel pueden incluir manchas de un color azul o negro, dolor, entumecimiento y úlceras que producen una secreción con mal olor. Si la gangrena es interna, es posible que tenga fiebre, malestar y la zona pueda estar hinchada y ser dolorosa.\nLa gangrena es un problema serio. Necesita atención de urgencia. El tratamiento incluye cirugía, antibióticos y terapia de oxígeno. En los casos graves, una amputación puede ser necesaria.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0004","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"abnormal-blood-pressure-reading","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/abnormal-blood-pressure-reading","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R03","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC80","display":"Abnormal blood-pressure reading, without diagnosis","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abnormal blood-pressure reading, without diagnosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Valori anormale ale tensiunii arteriale (fără diagnostic)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Abnormal blood pressure reading","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Auffälliger Blutdruckwert","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tension artérielle anormale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Presión arterial anormal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pressione arteriosa anomala","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pressão arterial anormal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieprawidłowe ciśnienie tętnicze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Abnormální krevní tlak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Abnormálny krvný tlak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kóros vérnyomásérték","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μη φυσιολογική αρτηριακή πίεση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отклонение артериального давления","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Відхилення артеріального тиску","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anormal tansiyon değeri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قراءة غير طبيعية لضغط الدم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"असामान्य रक्तचाप","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"血圧の異常値","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비정상적인 혈압 수치","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"血压读数异常","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0005","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"bleeding-from-the-nose-or-airways","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/bleeding-from-the-nose-or-airways","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R04","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD2Z","display":"Haemorrhage from respiratory passages, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/496129435/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#496129435/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Sângerare din căile respiratorii (nas; gât; tuse cu sânge)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bleeding from the nose or airways","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Blutung aus Nase oder Atemwegen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Saignement du nez ou des voies respiratoires","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sangrado de la nariz o las vías respiratorias","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sanguinamento dal naso o dalle vie respiratorie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sangramento do nariz ou das vias respiratórias","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krwawienie z nosa lub dróg oddechowych","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Krvácení z nosu nebo dýchacích cest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Krvácanie z nosa alebo dýchacích ciest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vérzés az orrból vagy a légutakból","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αιμορραγία από τη μύτη ή τους αεραγωγούς","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кровотечение из носа или дыхательных путей","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кровотеча з носа або дихальних шляхів","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Burun veya solunum yollarından kanama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نزيف من الأنف أو المجاري التنفسية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"नाक या श्वसन मार्ग से रक्तस्राव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鼻または気道からの出血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"코 또는 기도 출혈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼻或呼吸道出血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0006","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"cough","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/cough","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R05","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD12","display":"Cough","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2027526159","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2027526159"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cough","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Tuse","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Cough","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Husten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Toux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tosse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tosse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kaszel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kašel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kašeľ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Köhögés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βήχας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кашель","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кашель","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Öksürük","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سعال","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खांसी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"咳","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"기침","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"咳嗽","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"tus"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tuse"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tusesc"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Cough","text":"Coughing is a reflex that keeps your throat and airways clear. Although it can be annoying, coughing helps your body heal or protect itself. Coughs can be either acute or chronic. Acute coughs begin suddenly and usually last no more than 2 to 3 weeks. Acute coughs are the kind you most often get with a cold, flu, or acute bronchitis. Chronic coughs last longer than 2 to 3 weeks. Causes of chronic cough include:\n• Chronic bronchitis\n• Asthma\n• Allergies\n• COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)\n• GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)\n• Smoking\n• Throat disorders, such as croup in young children\n• Some medicines\nWater can help ease your cough - whether you drink it or add it to the air with a steamy shower or vaporizer. If you have a cold or the flu, antihistamines may work better than non-prescription cough medicines. Children under four should not have cough medicine. For children over four, use caution and read labels carefully.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tos","text":"La tos es un reflejo que mantiene despejada la garganta y las vías respiratorias. Aunque puede ser molesta, la tos ayuda al cuerpo a curarse o protegerse. La tos puede ser aguda o crónica. La tos aguda comienza súbitamente y no suele durar más de 2 o 3 semanas. Los cuadros agudos de tos son los que se adquieren frecuentemente con un resfrío, una gripe o bronquitis aguda. La tos crónica dura más de 2 o 3 semanas. Las causas de la tos crónica incluyen:\n• Bronquitis crónica\n• Asma\n• Alergias\n• Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)\n• Fumar\n• Reflujo gastroesofágico\n• Enfermedades de la garganta, tal como el crup en niños\n• Algunas medicinas\nEl agua puede ayudar a mejorar la tos - ya sea que la ingiera o que la agregue al ambiente con un inyector de vapor o un vaporizador. Si tiene un refrío o la gripe, los antihistamínicos pueden dar mejores resultados que los medicamentos para la tos sin receta médica. Niños menores de 4 años no deben recibir medicamentos para la tos. Para niños mayores de 4 años, sea precavido y lea cuidadosamente las indicaciones.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"CON-0014","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Cough\" as a related topic of \"Whooping Cough\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"CON-0278","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Croup\" as a related topic of \"Cough\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"CON-0285","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Acute Bronchitis\" as a related topic of \"Cough\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0007","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"breathing-difficulty","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/breathing-difficulty","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R06","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD11","display":"Abnormalities of breathing","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abnormalities of breathing","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Respirație anormală (dificultate; respirație șuierătoare; sughiț)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Breathing difficulty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atembeschwerden","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à respirer","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dificultad para respirar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difficoltà a respirare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dificuldade para respirar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trudności w oddychaniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dýchací obtíže","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ťažkosti s dýchaním","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Légzési nehézség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκολία στην αναπνοή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Затруднённое дыхание","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Утруднене дихання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nefes almada güçlük","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة في التنفس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सांस लेने में कठिनाई","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"呼吸困難","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"호흡 곤란","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"呼吸困难","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"dificultate de respiratie"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dificultati de respiratie"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dispnee"},{"lang":"ro","text":"lipsa de aer"},{"lang":"ro","text":"respir greu"},{"lang":"ro","text":"sufoc"},{"lang":"ro","text":"sufocare"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Breathing Problems","text":"When you're short of breath, it's hard or uncomfortable for you to take in the oxygen your body needs. You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.\nMany conditions can make you feel short of breath:\n• Lung conditions such as asthma, emphysema, or pneumonia\n• Problems with your trachea or bronchi, which are part of your airway system\n• Heart disease can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body\n• Anxiety and panic attacks\n• Allergies\nIf you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas respiratorios","text":"Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, le cuesta o es incómodo obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Puede sentir que no está obteniendo el suficiente aire. A veces puede tener problemas respiratorios leves por una congestión nasal o hacer ejercicio muy intensamente. Pero la falta de aire también puede ser señal de una enfermedad seria.\nMuchas condiciones pueden hacer sentir que le falta el aire:\n• Problemas de los pulmones como asma, enfisema o neumonía\n• Problemas de su tráquea o en los bronquios, que son parte de su sistema respiratorio\n• Las enfermedades cardíacas pueden provocar falta de aire si su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suministrarle oxígeno al cuerpo\n• Ansiedad o ataque de pánico\n• Alergias\nSi usted tiene problemas para respirar en forma frecuente, es importante encontrar la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Shortness of breath.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"The major symptoms of a heart attack are:","quote":"If you notice the symptoms of a heart attack in yourself or someone else, call 9-1-1 immediately.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html","version":"Page dated Oct. 24, 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0008","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"throat-or-chest-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/throat-or-chest-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R07","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD30","display":"Pain in throat or chest","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pain in throat or chest","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere în gât sau în piept","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Throat or chest pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hals- oder Brustschmerzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur à la gorge ou à la poitrine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor de garganta o de pecho","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore alla gola o al petto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor na garganta ou no peito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból gardła lub w klatce piersiowej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest v krku nebo na hrudi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť hrdla alebo hrudníka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Torok- vagy mellkasi fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος στον λαιμό ή στο στήθος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в горле или в груди","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у горлі або в грудях","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Boğaz veya göğüs ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم في الحلق أو الصدر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गले या छाती में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"喉または胸の痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"목 또는 가슴 통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"喉咙或胸部疼痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"durere in gat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere in piept"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere toracica"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dureri in piept"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chest Pain","text":"Having a pain in your chest can be scary. It does not always mean that you are having a heart attack. There can be many other causes, including:\n• Other heart problems, such as angina\n• Panic attacks\n• Digestive problems, such as heartburn or esophagus disorders\n• Sore muscles\n• Lung diseases, such as pneumonia, pleurisy, or pulmonary embolism\n• Costochondritis - an inflammation of joints in your chest\nSome of these problems can be serious. Get immediate medical care if you have chest pain that does not go away, crushing pain or pressure in the chest, or chest pain along with nausea, sweating, dizziness or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the cause of the pain.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor de pecho","text":"Tener dolor en el pecho puede asustarlo. Pero no significa que usted esté sufriendo un ataque al corazón. Hay muchas otras razones:\n• Otros problemas del corazón como la angina\n• Ataques de pánico\n• Problemas digestivos como acidez o enfermedades del esófago\n• Músculos adoloridos\n• Enfermedades de los pulmones, como neumonía, pleuresía o embolismo pulmonar\n• Costocondritis: una inflamación de las articulaciones del pecho\nAlgunos de estos problemas pueden ser serios. Solicite atención médica urgente si el dolor de pecho no se va, si siente presión o compresión o si el dolor de pecho viene acompañado de náusea, sudor, mareo o falta de aire. El tratamiento del dolor de pecho dependerá de la causa del dolor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Chest pain or discomfort.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"The major symptoms of a heart attack are:","quote":"If you notice the symptoms of a heart attack in yourself or someone else, call 9-1-1 immediately.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html","version":"Page dated Oct. 24, 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0009","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"blocked-nose-or-abnormal-phlegm","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/blocked-nose-or-abnormal-phlegm","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R09","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD3Y","display":"Other specified symptoms or signs involving the respiratory system","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1758207185/other","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1758207185/other"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Alte simptome ale aparatului circulator și respirator (nas înfundat; spută anormală)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Blocked nose or abnormal phlegm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verstopfte Nase oder auffälliger Auswurf","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nez bouché ou crachats anormaux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Nariz tapada o esputo anormal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Naso chiuso o espettorato anomalo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Nariz entupido ou expetoração anormal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatkany nos lub nieprawidłowa plwocina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ucpaný nos nebo neobvyklý hlen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Upchatý nos alebo nezvyčajný hlien","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eldugult orr vagy kóros köpet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βουλωμένη μύτη ή μη φυσιολογικά πτύελα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Заложенный нос или необычная мокрота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Закладений ніс або незвичне мокротиння","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Burun tıkanıklığı veya anormal balgam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انسداد الأنف أو بلغم غير طبيعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बंद नाक या असामान्य बलगम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"鼻づまりまたは痰の異常","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"코막힘 또는 가래 이상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼻塞或痰液异常","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"infundat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"nas infundat"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Breathing Problems","text":"When you're short of breath, it's hard or uncomfortable for you to take in the oxygen your body needs. You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.\nMany conditions can make you feel short of breath:\n• Lung conditions such as asthma, emphysema, or pneumonia\n• Problems with your trachea or bronchi, which are part of your airway system\n• Heart disease can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body\n• Anxiety and panic attacks\n• Allergies\nIf you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas respiratorios","text":"Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, le cuesta o es incómodo obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Puede sentir que no está obteniendo el suficiente aire. A veces puede tener problemas respiratorios leves por una congestión nasal o hacer ejercicio muy intensamente. Pero la falta de aire también puede ser señal de una enfermedad seria.\nMuchas condiciones pueden hacer sentir que le falta el aire:\n• Problemas de los pulmones como asma, enfisema o neumonía\n• Problemas de su tráquea o en los bronquios, que son parte de su sistema respiratorio\n• Las enfermedades cardíacas pueden provocar falta de aire si su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suministrarle oxígeno al cuerpo\n• Ansiedad o ataque de pánico\n• Alergias\nSi usted tiene problemas para respirar en forma frecuente, es importante encontrar la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0010","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"abdominal-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/abdominal-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R10","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD81","display":"Abdominal or pelvic pain","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abdominal or pelvic pain","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere abdominală sau pelviană","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Abdominal pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bauchschmerzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur abdominale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor abdominal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore addominale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor abdominal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból brzucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest břicha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť brucha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hasi fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κοιλιακός πόνος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в животе","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у животі","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karın ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم في البطن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腹痛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"복통","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腹痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"crampe abdominale"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere abdominala"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere de burta"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere de stomac"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dureri abdominale"},{"lang":"ro","text":"ma doare burta"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Abdominal Pain","text":"Your abdomen extends from below your chest to your groin. Some people call it the stomach, but your abdomen contains many other important organs. Pain in the abdomen can come from any one of them. The pain may start somewhere else, such as your chest. Severe pain doesn't always mean a serious problem. Nor does mild pain mean a problem is not serious.\nCall your health care provider if mild pain lasts a week or more or if you have pain with other symptoms. Get medical help immediately if:\n• You have abdominal pain that is sudden and sharp\n• You also have pain in your chest, neck or shoulder\n• You're vomiting blood or have blood in your stool\n• Your abdomen is stiff, hard and tender to touch\n• You can't move your bowels, especially if you're also vomiting","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor abdominal","text":"El abdomen se extiende desde abajo del pecho hasta la ingle. Algunas personas lo llaman estómago, pero el abdomen contiene muchos otros órganos importantes. El dolor abdominal puede provenir de cualquiera de ellos. El dolor puede comenzar en algún otro lugar como, por ejemplo, el pecho. Un dolor severo no siempre indica un problema grave, y un dolor leve no significa que el problema no es serio.\nSi el dolor leve persiste por una semana o más, o si se acompaña de otros síntomas, llame a un profesional de la salud. Obtenga ayuda médica inmediata si:\n• Tiene un dolor abdominal repentino e intenso\n• También tiene dolor en el pecho, el cuello o el hombro\n• Vomita sangre u observa sangre en las evacuaciones\n• Tiene el abdomen rígido, duro y sensible al tacto\n• No puede evacuar (mover el intestino), especialmente si además tiene vómitos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0011","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"nausea-and-vomiting","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/nausea-and-vomiting","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R11","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD90","display":"Nausea or vomiting","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nausea or vomiting","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Greață și vărsături","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Nausea and vomiting","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Übelkeit und Erbrechen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nausées et vomissements","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Náuseas y vómitos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nausea e vomito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Náuseas e vómitos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nudności i wymioty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nevolnost a zvracení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nevoľnosť a vracanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hányinger és hányás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ναυτία και έμετος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тошнота и рвота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нудота і блювання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bulantı ve kusma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"غثيان وقيء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मतली और उल्टी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"吐き気と嘔吐","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"메스꺼움과 구토","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"恶心和呕吐","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"greata"},{"lang":"ro","text":"greturi"},{"lang":"ro","text":"varsat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"varsaturi"},{"lang":"ro","text":"voma"},{"lang":"ro","text":"vomit"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Nausea and Vomiting","text":"What are nausea and vomiting?\nNausea is when you feel sick to your stomach, as if you are going to throw up. Vomiting is when you throw up.\nWhat causes nausea and vomiting?\nNausea and vomiting can be symptoms of many different conditions, including:\n• Morning sickness during pregnancy\n• Gastroenteritis (infection of your intestines) and other infections\n• Migraines\n• Motion sickness\n• Food poisoning\n• Medicines, including those for cancer chemotherapy\n• GERD (reflux) and ulcers\n• Intestinal obstruction\nWhen do I need to see a health care provider for nausea and vomiting?\nNausea and vomiting are common. They are usually not serious. However, you should contact your health care provider immediately if you have:\n• A reason to think that your vomiting is from poisoning\n• Vomited for longer than 24 hours\n• Blood in the vomit\n• Severe abdominal pain\n• Severe headache and stiff neck\n• Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, infrequent urination or dark urine\nHow is the cause of nausea and vomiting diagnosed?\nYour health care provider will take your medical history, ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. The provider will look for signs of dehydration. You may have some tests, including blood and urine tests. Women may also have a pregnancy test.\nWhat are the treatments for nausea and vomiting?\nTreatments for nausea and vomiting depend on the cause. You may get treatment for the underlying problem. There are some medicines that can treatment nausea and vomiting. For severe cases of vomiting, you may need extra fluids through an IV (intravenous).\nThere are things that you can do to feel better:\n• Get enough fluids, to avoid dehydration. If you are having trouble keeping liquids down, drink small amounts of clear liquids often.\n• Eat bland foods; stay away from spicy, fatty, or salty foods\n• Eat smaller meals more often\n• Avoid strong smells, since they can sometimes trigger nausea and vomiting\n• If you are pregnant and have morning sickness, eat crackers before you get out of bed in the morning","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Náusea y vómitos","text":"¿Qué son las náuseas y los vómitos?\nLa náusea es cuando se siente mal del estómago, como si fuera a vomitar. Vomitar es cuando devuelve el contenido del estómago por la boca.\n¿Cuál es la causa de las náuseas y los vómitos?\nLas náuseas y los vómitos pueden ser síntomas de muchas afecciones diferentes, incluyendo:\n• Náuseas matutinas durante el embarazo\n• Gastroenteritis (infección de sus intestinos) y otras infecciones\n• Migrañas\n• Mareo (cinetosis)\n• Intoxicación alimentaria\n• Medicamentos, incluidos los de quimioterapia para el cáncer\n• Reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) y úlceras\n• Obstrucción intestinal\n¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por náuseas y vómitos?\nLas náuseas y vómitos son comunes. Por lo general, no son serios. Sin embargo, debe comunicarse con su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato si:\n• Cree que su vómito es por envenenamiento\n• Ha vomitado por más de 24 horas\n• Presenta sangre en el vómito\n• Tiene dolor abdominal severo\n• Dolor de cabeza severo y rigidez en el cuello\n• Presenta signos de deshidratación, como boca seca, micción poco frecuente u orina oscura\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de las náuseas y vómitos?\nSu proveedor de atención médica tomará su historia clínica, le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y le realizará un examen físico. El proveedor buscará signos de deshidratación. Es posible que deban hacerle algunas pruebas, incluyendo pruebas de sangre y orina. Las mujeres también pueden tener una prueba de embarazo.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las náuseas y vómitos?\nLos tratamientos dependen de la causa. A usted pueden tratarle el problema que provoca las náuseas o vómitos. Existen algunos medicamentos que pueden tratar las náuseas y los vómitos. Para casos severos de vómitos, es posible que necesite líquidos adicionales por vía intravenosa (intravenosa).\nHay cosas que puede hacer para sentirse mejor:\n• Tome suficientes líquidos para evitar la deshidratación: Si tiene problemas para retener líquidos, tome pequeñas cantidades de líquidos claros con frecuencia\n• Coma alimentos blandos: No consuma comidas picantes, grasas o saladas\n• Coma comidas más pequeñas con más frecuencia\n• Evite los olores fuertes, ya que a veces pueden provocar náuseas y vómitos\n• Si está embarazada y tiene náuseas matutinas, coma galletas saladas antes de levantarse por la mañana","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0012","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"heartburn","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/heartburn","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R12","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD95","display":"Heartburn","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1559380866","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1559380866"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Heartburn","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Arsuri la stomac (pirozis)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Heartburn","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sodbrennen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Brûlures d'estomac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Acidez de estómago","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bruciore di stomaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Azia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zgaga","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pálení žáhy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pálenie záhy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gyomorégés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καούρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Изжога","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Печія","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mide yanması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حرقة المعدة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सीने में जलन","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胸やけ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"속쓰림","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"烧心","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Heartburn","text":"Heartburn is a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat. It happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach.\nIf you have heartburn more than twice a week, you may have GERD. But you can have GERD without having heartburn.\nPregnancy, certain foods, alcohol, and some medications can bring on heartburn. Treating heartburn is important because over time reflux can damage the esophagus.\nOver-the-counter medicines may help. If the heartburn continues, you may need prescription medicines or surgery.\nIf you have other symptoms such as crushing chest pain, it could be a heart attack. Get help immediately.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Acidez estomacal","text":"La acidez es una sensación de ardor dolorosa en el pecho o la garganta. Ocurre cuando el ácido del estómago regresa hacia el esófago, el tubo que transporta la comida desde la boca hacia el estómago.\nSi tiene acidez más de dos veces por semana, es posible que tenga enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), aunque es posible que sufra de ERGE aún sin tener acidez estomacal.\nEl embarazo, algunos alimentos, las bebidas alcohólicas y algunas medicinas pueden provocar acidez. El tratamiento de la acidez es importante porque con el transcurso del tiempo, el reflujo puede dañar el esófago. Las medicinas sin receta médica pueden ayudar. Si la acidez persiste, es posible que necesite medicinas con receta médica o una cirugía.\nSi usted, además, tiene otros síntomas, como un dolor opresivo en el pecho, podría tratarse de un infarto (ataque al corazón). Busque ayuda de inmediato.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"CON-0311","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Heartburn\" as a related topic of \"GERD\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0013","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"difficulty-swallowing","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/difficulty-swallowing","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R13","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD93","display":"Dysphagia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/968461848","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#968461848"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dysphagia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Dificultate la înghițire","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Difficulty swallowing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schluckbeschwerden","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à avaler","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dificultad para tragar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difficoltà a deglutire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dificuldade para engolir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trudności w połykaniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Obtížné polykání","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ťažkosti s prehĺtaním","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nyelési nehézség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκολία στην κατάποση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Затруднённое глотание","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Утруднене ковтання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yutma güçlüğü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة في البلع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"निगलने में कठिनाई","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"飲み込みにくさ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"삼키기 어려움","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"吞咽困难","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0014","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"bloating-and-gas","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/bloating-and-gas","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R14","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME08","display":"Flatulence and related conditions","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1247223172","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1247223172"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Flatulence and related conditions","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Balonare; gaze; eructații","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bloating and gas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Blähungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ballonnements et gaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hinchazón y gases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gonfiore e gas intestinali","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Inchaço e gases","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wzdęcia i gazy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nadýmání a plynatost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nadúvanie a plynatosť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Puffadás és gázok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φούσκωμα και αέρια","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вздутие и газы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Здуття і гази","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şişkinlik ve gaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"انتفاخ وغازات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट फूलना और गैस","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腹部膨満とガス","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"복부 팽만과 가스","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腹胀和排气","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"balonare"},{"lang":"ro","text":"gaze"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Gas","text":"Everyone has gas. Most people pass gas 13 to 21 times a day. Passing gas through the mouth is called belching or burping. Passing gas through the anus is called flatulence. Most of the time gas does not have an odor. The odor comes from bacteria in the large intestine that release small amounts of gases that contain sulfur.\nGas in the digestive tract comes from two sources: air that you swallow and the breakdown of undigested food by bacteria in the large intestine. Certain foods may cause gas. Foods that produce gas in one person may not cause gas in another.\nYou can reduce the amount of gas you have by:\n• Drinking lots of water and non-fizzy drinks\n• Eating more slowly so you swallow less air when you eat\n• Avoiding milk products if you have lactose intolerance\nMedicines can help reduce gas or the pain and bloating caused by gas. If your symptoms still bother you, see your health care provider.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Gas","text":"Todas las personas tienen gases. La mayoría de las personas expulsa gases entre 13 y 21 veces al día. Los gases eliminados por la boca se llaman eructos. La eliminación a través del recto se llama flatulencia. La mayoría de las veces el gas no tiene olor. El olor proviene de las bacterias en el intestino grueso que liberan pequeñas cantidades de gases que contienen sulfuro.\nEl gas en las vías intestinales tiene dos orígenes: El aire que se traga y la descomposición de la comida no digerida por las bacterias en el intestino grueso. Ciertos alimentos pueden causar gases. Las comidas que producen gases en una persona pueden no causarlos en otra.\nPara disminuir la cantidad de gases que se expulsa al día, usted puede:\n• Tomar mucha agua y bebidas sin gas\n• Comer más despacio, así no traga tanto aire al comer\n• Evitar productos lácteos si usted tiene intolerancia a la lactosa\nAlgunos medicamentos pueden ayudar a reducir la cantidad de gas o de dolor e hinchazón que causa el gas. Si los síntomas todavía son molestos, consulte con su proveedor de cuidados de salud.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0015","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"faecal-incontinence","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/faecal-incontinence","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R15","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME07","display":"Faecal incontinence","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Faecal incontinence","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Incontinență fecală","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Faecal incontinence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Stuhlinkontinenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Incontinence fécale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Incontinencia fecal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Incontinenza fecale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Incontinência fecal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nietrzymanie stolca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inkontinence stolice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inkontinencia stolice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Székletinkontinencia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ακράτεια κοπράνων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Недержание кала","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нетримання калу","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dışkı kaçırma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سلس البراز","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मल पर नियंत्रण न रहना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"便失禁","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"변실금","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"大便失禁","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0016","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"enlarged-liver-or-spleen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/enlarged-liver-or-spleen","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R16","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME10.0","display":"Hepatomegaly or splenomegaly","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hepatomegaly or splenomegaly","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Ficat sau splină mărite","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Enlarged liver or spleen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergrößerte Leber oder Milz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Foie ou rate augmentés de volume","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hígado o bazo agrandados","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fegato o milza ingrossati","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fígado ou baço aumentados","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powiększona wątroba lub śledziona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zvětšená játra nebo slezina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zväčšená pečeň alebo slezina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Megnagyobbodott máj vagy lép","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διογκωμένο ήπαρ ή σπλήνας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Увеличение печени или селезёнки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Збільшення печінки або селезінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karaciğer veya dalak büyümesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تضخم الكبد أو الطحال","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बढ़ा हुआ यकृत या प्लीहा","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肝臓または脾臓の腫れ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"간 또는 비장 비대","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肝或脾肿大","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0017","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"jaundice","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/jaundice","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R17","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME10.1","display":"Unspecified jaundice","equivalence":"narrower","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1056591229","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1056591229"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Icter (îngălbenirea pielii sau a ochilor)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Jaundice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gelbsucht","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Jaunisse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ictericia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ittero","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Icterícia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Żółtaczka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Žloutenka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Žltačka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Sárgaság","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ίκτερος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Желтуха","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Жовтяниця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sarılık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"يرقان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पीलिया","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"黄疸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"황달","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"黄疸","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Jaundice","text":"Jaundice causes your skin and the whites of your eyes to turn yellow. Too much bilirubin causes jaundice. Bilirubin is a yellow chemical in hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in your red blood cells. As red blood cells break down, your body builds new cells to replace them. The old ones are processed by the liver. If the liver cannot handle the blood cells as they break down, bilirubin builds up in the body and your skin may look yellow.\nMany healthy babies have some jaundice during the first week of life. It usually goes away. However, jaundice can happen at any age and may be a sign of a problem. Jaundice can happen for many reasons, such as:\n• Blood diseases\n• Genetic syndromes\n• Liver diseases, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis\n• Blockage of bile ducts\n• Infections\n• Medicines","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ictericia","text":"La ictericia hace que la piel y las partes blancas de los ojos se pongan amarillas. El exceso de bilirrubina causa la ictericia. La bilirrubina es una sustancia química color amarillo que contiene la hemoglobina, sustancia que transporta el oxígeno en los glóbulos rojos. A medida que los glóbulos rojos se degradan, el cuerpo desarrolla nuevas células para sustituirlos. Las células degradadas se procesan en el hígado. Si el hígado no puede manejar las células sanguíneas a medida que se degradan, se acumula bilirrubina en el organismo y la piel puede verse amarilla.\nMuchos bebés sanos tienen un poco de ictericia en la primera semana de vida. Por lo general, desaparece espontáneamente. Sin embargo, la ictericia puede ocurrir a cualquier edad y ser un signo de que existe un problema. La ictericia puede presentarse por varios motivos, tales como:\n• Enfermedades de la sangre\n• Síndromes genéticos\n• Enfermedades hepáticas, tales como la hepatitis o la cirrosis\n• Obstrucción de los conductos biliares\n• Infecciones\n• Medicamentos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0018","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"fluid-in-the-abdomen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/fluid-in-the-abdomen","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R18","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME04","display":"Ascites","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ascites","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Lichid în abdomen (ascită)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fluid in the abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Flüssigkeit im Bauch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Liquide dans l'abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Líquido en el abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Liquido nell'addome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Líquido no abdómen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Płyn w jamie brzusznej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tekutina v břiše","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tekutina v bruchu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Folyadék a hasüregben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υγρό στην κοιλιά","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Жидкость в животе","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рідина в животі","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karında sıvı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سوائل في البطن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट में तरल","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腹水","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"복수","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腹水","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0019","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"diarrhoea-or-changes-in-bowel-habits","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/diarrhoea-or-changes-in-bowel-habits","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R19","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME05","display":"Change in bowel habit","equivalence":"wider"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Alte simptome digestive (diaree; schimbări ale tranzitului; scaune anormale; umflătură în abdomen)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Diarrhoea or changes in bowel habits","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Durchfall oder veränderte Stuhlgewohnheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Diarrhée ou troubles du transit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Diarrea o cambios en el ritmo intestinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Diarrea o alterazioni dell'alvo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Diarreia ou alterações do trânsito intestinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Biegunka lub zmiana rytmu wypróżnień","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Průjem nebo změny vyprazdňování","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hnačka alebo zmeny vyprázdňovania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hasmenés vagy a székelési szokások változása","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διάρροια ή αλλαγές στις κενώσεις","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Диарея или изменения стула","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Діарея або зміни випорожнень","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İshal veya bağırsak alışkanlığında değişiklik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إسهال أو تغيرات في التبرز","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दस्त या मल त्याग में बदलाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"下痢・便通の変化","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"설사 또는 배변 변화","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"腹泻或排便习惯改变","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"diaree"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"change in mental state, such as irritability or lack of energy","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"Talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult or child in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"frequent vomiting","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"Talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult or child in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"severe pain in the abdomen or rectum","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"Talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult or child in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"stools that are black and tarry or contain red blood or pus","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"Talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult or child in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"symptoms of dehydration","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"Talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult or child in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"diarrhea lasting more than 2 days","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"high fever","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"six or more loose stools per day","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if you or an adult in your care has symptoms such as","applies_to":"adults","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"diarrhea lasting more than a day","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if an infant or child has symptoms such as","applies_to":"infants and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"any fever in infants or high fever in older children","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if an infant or child has symptoms such as","applies_to":"infants and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"refusing to eat or drink anything for longer than a few hours in infants","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if an infant or child has symptoms such as","applies_to":"infants and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"frequent loose stools","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"When should I seek a doctor’s help?","quote":"You should also talk with a doctor right away if an infant or child has symptoms such as","applies_to":"infants and children","source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Diarrhea","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed September 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0020","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"numbness-or-tingling","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/numbness-or-tingling","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R20","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME65","display":"Disturbances of skin sensation of unspecified aetiology","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Disturbances of skin sensation of unspecified aetiology","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Tulburări ale sensibilității pielii (amorțeală; furnicături; arsură)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Numbness or tingling","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Taubheit oder Kribbeln","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Engourdissement ou fourmillements","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Entumecimiento u hormigueo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Intorpidimento o formicolio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dormência ou formigueiro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Drętwienie lub mrowienie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Necitlivost nebo brnění","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Necitlivosť alebo mravčenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zsibbadás vagy bizsergés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μούδιασμα ή μυρμήγκιασμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Онемение или покалывание","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Оніміння або поколювання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Uyuşma veya karıncalanma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خدر أو وخز","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सुन्नता या झुनझुनी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"しびれまたはピリピリ感","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"저림 또는 따끔거림","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"麻木或刺痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"amort"},{"lang":"ro","text":"amorteala"},{"lang":"ro","text":"furnic"},{"lang":"ro","text":"furnicaturi"},{"lang":"ro","text":"intepatur"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"What are the signs of stroke in men and women?","quote":"Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Signs and Symptoms of Stroke","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html","version":"Page dated May 19, 2026","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. 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Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0028","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"painful-urination-r30","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/painful-urination-r30","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R30","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MF50.7","display":"Dysuria","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/781372207","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#781372207"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dysuria","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere sau usturime la urinare","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Painful urination","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schmerzen beim Wasserlassen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur en urinant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor al orinar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore durante la minzione","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor ao urinar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból przy oddawaniu moczu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest při močení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť pri močení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fájdalmas vizelés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος κατά την ούρηση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль при мочеиспускании","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль під час сечовипускання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İdrar yaparken ağrı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم عند التبول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेशाब करते समय दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"排尿時の痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"배뇨 시 통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"排尿疼痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"usturime"},{"lang":"ro","text":"usturime la urinat"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0029","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"blood-in-urine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/blood-in-urine","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R31","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MF50.4","display":"Haematuria","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Haematuria","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Sânge în urină","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Blood in urine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Blut im Urin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sang dans les urines","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sangre en la orina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sangue nelle urine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sangue na urina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krew w moczu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Krev v moči","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Krv v moči","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vér a vizeletben","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αίμα στα ούρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кровь в моче","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кров у сечі","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İdrarda kan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دم في البول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेशाब में खून","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"血尿","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"혈뇨","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"尿中带血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0030","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"urinary-incontinence","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/urinary-incontinence","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R32","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MF50.2","display":"Urinary incontinence","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Urinary incontinence","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Incontinență urinară","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Urinary incontinence","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Harninkontinenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Incontinence urinaire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Incontinencia urinaria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Incontinenza urinaria","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Incontinência urinária","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nietrzymanie moczu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inkontinence moči","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inkontinencia moču","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vizelettartási zavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ακράτεια ούρων","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Недержание мочи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нетримання сечі","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İdrar kaçırma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سلس البول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेशाब पर नियंत्रण न रहना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"尿失禁","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"요실금","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"尿失禁","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Urinary Incontinence","text":"What is urinary incontinence (UI)?\nUrinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, or being unable to control urination. It is a common condition. It can range from being a minor problem to something that greatly affects your daily life. In any case, it can get better with proper treatment.\nWhat are the types of urinary incontinence (UI)?\nThere are several different types of UI. Each type has different symptoms and causes:\n• Stress incontinence happens when stress or pressure on your bladder causes you to leak urine. This could be due to coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting something heavy, or physical activity. Causes include weak pelvic floor muscles and the bladder being out of its normal position.\n• Urge, or urgency, incontinence happens when you have a strong urge (need) to urinate, and some urine leaks out before you can make it to the toilet. It is often related to an overactive bladder. Urge incontinence is most common in older people. It can sometimes be a sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI). It can also happen in some neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries.\n• Overflow incontinence happens when your bladder doesn't empty all the way. This causes too much urine to stay in your bladder. Your bladder gets too full, and you leak urine. This form of UI is most common in men. Some of the causes include tumors, kidney stones, diabetes, and certain medicines.\n• Functional incontinence happens when a physical or mental disability, trouble speaking, or some other problem keeps you from getting to the toilet in time. For example, someone with arthritis may have trouble unbuttoning his or her pants, or a person with Alzheimer's disease may not realize they need to plan to use the toilet.\n• Mixed incontinence means that you have more than one type of incontinence. It's usually a combination of stress and urge incontinence.\n• Transient incontinence is urine leakage that is caused by a temporary (transient) situation such as an infection or new medicine. Once the cause is removed, the incontinence goes away.\n• Bedwetting refers to urine leakage during sleep. This is most common in children, but adults can also have it.\n• Bedwetting is normal for many children. It is more common in boys. Bedwetting is often not considered a health problem, especially when it runs in the family. But if it still happens often at age 5 and older, it may be because of a bladder control problem. This problem could be caused by slow physical development, an illness, making too much urine at night, or another problem. Sometimes there is more than one cause.\n• In adults, the causes include some medicines, caffeine, and alcohol. It can also be caused by certain health problems, such as diabetes insipidus, a urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, enlarged prostate (BPH), and sleep apnea.\nWho is at risk for urinary incontinence (UI)?\nIn adults, you are at higher risk of developing UI if you:\n• Are female, especially after going through pregnancy, childbirth, and/or menopause\n• Are older. As you age, your urinary tract muscles weaken, making it harder to hold in urine.\n• Are a man with prostate problems\n• Have certain health problems, such as diabetes, obesity, or long-lasting constipation\n• Are a smoker\n• Have a birth defect that affects the structure of your urinary tract\nIn children, bedwetting is more common in younger children, boys, and those whose parents wet the bed when they were children.\nHow is urinary incontinence (UI) diagnosed?\nYour health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:\n• A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. Your provider may ask you to keep a bladder diary for a few days before your appointment. The bladder diary includes how much and when you drink liquids, when and how much you urinate, and whether you leak urine.\n• A physical exam, which can include a rectal exam. Women may also get a pelvic exam.\n• Urine and/or blood tests\n• Bladder function tests\n• Imaging tests\nWhat are the treatments for urinary incontinence (UI)?\nTreatment depends on the type and cause of your UI. You may need a combination of treatments. Your provider may first suggest self-care treatments, including:\n• Lifestyle changes to reduce leaks:\n• Drinking the right amount of liquid at the right time\n• Being physically active\n• Staying at a healthy weigh\n• Avoiding constipation\n• Not smoking\n• Bladder training. This involves urinating according to a schedule. Your provider makes a schedule from you, based on information from your bladder diary. After you adjust to the schedule, you gradually wait a little longer between trips to the bathroom. This can help stretch your bladder so it can hold more urine.\n• Doing exercises to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. Strong pelvic floor muscles hold in urine better than weak muscles. The strengthening exercises are called Kegel exercises. They involve tightening and relaxing the muscles that control urine flow.\nIf these treatments do not work, your provider may suggest other options such as:\n• Medicines, which can be used to\n• Relax the bladder muscles, to help prevent bladder spasms\n• Block nerve signals that cause urinary frequency and urgency\n• In men, shrink the prostate and improve urine flow\n• Medical devices, including\n• A catheter, which is a tube to carry urine out of the body. You might use one a few times a day or all the time.\n• For women, a ring or a tampon-like device inserted into the vagina. The devices pushes up against your urethra to help decrease leaks.\n• Bulking agents, which are injected into the bladder neck and urethra tissues to thicken them. This helps close your bladder opening so you have less leaking.\n• Electrical nerve stimulation, which involves changing your bladder's reflexes using pulses of electricity\n• Surgery to support the bladder in its normal position. This may be done with a sling that is attached to the pubic bone.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Incontinencia urinaria","text":"¿Qué es la incontinencia urinaria?\nLa incontinencia urinaria es la pérdida del control de la vejiga o la incapacidad de controlar la micción (orinar). Es una afección común. Puede variar desde un problema menor hasta algo que afecta en gran medida su vida diaria. En cualquier caso, puede mejorar con un tratamiento adecuado.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de incontinencia urinaria?\nHay varios tipos diferentes de incontinencia urinaria. Cada tipo tiene diferentes síntomas y causas:\n• Incontinencia de esfuerzo: Ocurre cuando el estrés o la presión sobre la vejiga le hacen perder orina. Esto puede pasar al toser, estornudar, reír, levantar algo pesado o realizar actividad física. Sus causas incluyen debilidad de los músculos del piso pélvico y una vejiga fuera de su posición normal\n• Incontinencia de urgencia: Ocurre cuando tiene una fuerte necesidad (urgencia) de orinar y algo de orina se escapa antes de que pueda llegar al baño. A menudo se relaciona con una vejiga hiperactiva. La incontinencia de urgencia es más común en personas mayores. A veces, puede ser un signo de una infección de las vías urinarias. También puede ocurrir en algunas afecciones neurológicas, como esclerosis múltiple y lesiones de la médula espinal\n• Incontinencia por rebosamiento: Ocurre cuando la vejiga no se vacía por completo. Esto hace que quede demasiada orina en la vejiga. Su vejiga se llena demasiado y pierde orina. Esta forma de incontinencia urinaria es más común en los hombres. Algunas de sus causas incluyen tumores, cálculos renales, diabetes y ciertos medicamentos\n• Incontinencia funcional: Ocurre cuando una discapacidad física o mental, problemas para hablar o algún otro problema le impide llegar al baño a tiempo. Por ejemplo, una persona con artritis puede tener problemas para desabrocharse los pantalones, o una persona con Alzheimer puede no darse cuenta su necesidad de programar sus visitas al baño\n• Incontinencia mixta: Significa que tiene más de un tipo de incontinencia. En general, es una combinación de incontinencia de esfuerzo y de urgencia\n• Incontinencia transitoria: Es una pérdida de orina causada por una situación temporal (transitoria) como una infección o un nuevo medicamento. Una vez que se elimina la causa, la incontinencia desaparece\n• Mojar la cama: Es la pérdida de orina durante el sueño. Esto es más común en niños, pero a los adultos también les puede ocurrir\n• Mojar la cama es normal para muchos niños. Es más común en varones. A menudo, mojar la cama no se considera un problema de salud, especialmente cuando es hereditario. Pero si aún ocurre con frecuencia a los 5 años o más, puede deberse a un problema de control de la vejiga. Esto podría deberse a un desarrollo físico lento, una enfermedad, la producción de demasiada orina por la noche u otro problema. A veces hay más de una causa\n• En los adultos, las causas incluyen algunos medicamentos, cafeína y Aacohol. También puede ser causada por ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes insípida, una infección del tracto urinario, cálculos renales, agrandamiento de la próstata y apnea del sueño\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener incontinencia urinaria?\nEn los adultos, tiene un mayor riesgo de presentar incontinencia urinaria si usted:\n• Es mujer, especialmente después de pasar por un embarazo, un parto o la menopausia\n• Es adulto mayor. A medida que envejece, los músculos del tracto urinario se debilitan, lo que dificulta la retención de orina\n• Es un hombre con problemas de próstata\n• Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes, obesidad o estreñimiento prolongado\n• Es fumador\n• Tiene un defecto de nacimiento que afecta la estructura de su tracto urinario\nEn los niños, la enuresis es más común en los niños más pequeños, los varones y aquellos cuyos padres mojaron la cama cuando eran niños.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la incontinencia urinaria?\nSu profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para hacer un diagnóstico:\n• Historia clínica: Incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas. Su proveedor puede pedirle que lleve un diario sobre su control de vejiga durante unos días antes de su cita. Este registro incluye cuánto y cuándo bebe líquidos, cuándo y cuánto orina y si tiene pérdida de orina\n• Examen físico: Puede incluir un examen rectal. Las mujeres también pueden hacerse un examen pélvico\n• Análisis de sangre y / o orina\n• Pruebas de función de la vejiga\n• Pruebas de imagen\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la incontinencia urinaria?\nEl tratamiento depende del tipo y la causa de su incontinencia urinaria. Es posible que necesite una combinación de tratamientos. Al principio, su proveedor puede sugerir tratamientos de cuidado personal, incluyendo:\n• Cambios en el estilo de vida para reducir las fugas:\n• Beber una cantidad adecuada de líquido en el momento adecuado\n• Estar físicamente activo\n• Mantener un peso saludable\n• Evitar el estreñimiento\n• No fumar\n• Entrenamiento de la vejiga: Esto implica orinar según un horario. Su proveedor elabora un horario a partir de la información de su diario de vejiga. Una vez que se ha adaptado a este horario, en forma gradual espera un poco más entre sus visitas al baño. Esto puede ayudar a estirar la vejiga para que pueda contener más orina\n• Hacer ejercicios para fortalecer los músculos del piso pélvico: Unos músculos fuertes del piso pélvico retienen la orina mejor que músculos débiles. También llamados ejercicios de Kegel, estos ejercicios de fortalecimiento implican tensar y relajar los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina\nSi estos tratamientos no funcionan, su proveedor puede sugerir otras opciones, como:\n• Medicamentos, que pueden usarse para:\n• Relajar los músculos de la vejiga para ayudar a prevenir espasmos\n• Bloquear las señales nerviosas que causan frecuencia y urgencia urinaria\n• En los hombres, encoger la próstata y mejorar el flujo de orina\n• Dispositivos médicos, incluyendo:\n• Un catéter, que es un tubo para sacar la orina del cuerpo. Puede usar uno varias veces al día o todo el tiempo\n• Para las mujeres, un pesario o un dispositivo similar a un tampón que se coloca en la vagina. El dispositivo empuja su uretra para ayudar a disminuir las fugas\n• Aumentadores de volumen, que se inyectan en el cuello de la vejiga y los tejidos de la uretra para engrosarlos. Esto ayuda a cerrar la abertura de la vejiga para que tenga menos fugas\n• Estimulación nerviosa eléctrica, que implica cambiar los reflejos de la vejiga usando pulsos de electricidad\n• Cirugía para mantener la vejiga en su posición normal. Esto se puede hacer con un cabestrillo que se fija al hueso púbico\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. 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You may also have nausea, vomiting, sweating, trouble walking, or ringing in your ears.\nWhat causes dizziness and vertigo?\nDizziness and vertigo can happen to anyone, but they are more common as you get older. As people age, they may have more health conditions and take more medicines, which increases the chance of dizziness.\nCommon causes of dizziness and vertigo may include:\n• A sudden drop in blood pressure\n• Dehydration\n• Getting up too quickly\n• Certain medicines\n• Inner ear problems, such as Meniere's disease, or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common cause of vertigo\n• Motion sickness\n• Migraines\n• A head injury or ear surgery\nSometimes dizziness or vertigo is a symptom of another condition.\nHow is the cause of dizziness and vertigo diagnosed?\nYour provider will ask about your medicines and symptoms and may do a physical exam. They may check your hearing, balance, and how you walk.\nYou may need an imaging test if your provider thinks you may have had a stroke or if you've had a head injury.\nWhat are the treatments for dizziness and vertigo?\nDizziness often gets better on its own, but if it keeps happening, your provider can help you find the cause and the right treatment. Treatment depends on the cause and may include balance exercises and medicines.\nGet emergency help right away if you have sudden or severe dizziness or vertigo along with vision problems, slurred speech or weakness. These may be signs of a more serious condition.\nNIH: National Institutes of Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mareo y vértigo","text":"¿Qué son el mareo y el vértigo?\nEl mareo y el vértigo no son lo mismo, aunque a menudo se confunden.\n• El mareo puede hacer que se sienta aturdido, mareado o inestable al caminar\n• El vértigo es la sensación de que usted o la habitación dan vueltas, incluso cuando nada se mueve\nEstas sensaciones pueden empeorar al caminar, ponerse de pie o mover la cabeza, y pueden hacerle perder el equilibrio. También puede experimentar náuseas, vómitos, sudoración, dificultad para caminar o zumbidos en los oídos.\n¿Qué causa el mareo y el vértigo?\nCualquier persona puede sufrir mareo y vértigo, pero son más frecuentes con la edad. A medida que las personas envejecen, es más probable que tengan más problemas de salud y tomen más medicamentos, lo que aumenta las posibilidades de sufrir mareos.\nLas causas comunes de mareo y vértigo pueden incluir:\n• Una caída repentina de la presión arterial\n• Deshidratación\n• Levantarse demasiado rápido\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Problemas del oído interno, como la enfermedad de Ménière o el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB), que es la causa más común del vértigo\n• Mareo por movimiento\n• Migrañas\n• Una lesión en la cabeza o una cirugía del oído\nA veces, el mareo o el vértigo son síntomas de otra afección.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa del mareo y el vértigo?\nSu proveedor de atención médica le preguntará sobre sus medicamentos y síntomas, y es posible que le realice un examen físico. También podría evaluar su audición, su equilibrio y su forma de caminar.\nEs posible que necesite una prueba de diagnóstico por imágenes si su proveedor sospecha que usted ha sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular o si ha tenido una lesión en la cabeza.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el mareo y el vértigo?\nEl mareo suele desaparecer por sí solo, pero si persiste, su proveedor puede ayudarle a encontrar la causa y el tratamiento adecuado. El tratamiento depende de la causa y puede incluir ejercicios de equilibrio y medicamentos.\nBusque atención de emergencia de inmediato si experimenta mareos o vértigo repentinos o intensos acompañados de problemas de visión, dificultad para hablar o debilidad. Estos podrían ser signos de una afección más grave.\nNIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"What are the signs of stroke in men and women?","quote":"Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Signs and Symptoms of Stroke","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html","version":"Page dated May 19, 2026","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0039","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"smell-or-taste-problems","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/smell-or-taste-problems","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R43","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB41","display":"Disturbances of smell or taste","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Disturbances of smell or taste","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Tulburări ale mirosului sau gustului","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Smell or taste problems","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Geruchs- oder Geschmacksstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Troubles de l'odorat ou du goût","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Alteraciones del olfato o del gusto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Alterazioni dell'olfatto o del gusto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alterações do olfato ou do paladar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia węchu lub smaku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy čichu nebo chuti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Poruchy čuchu alebo chuti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szaglás- vagy ízérzészavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχές όσφρησης ή γεύσης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушение обоняния или вкуса","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення нюху або смаку","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Koku veya tat bozukluğu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اضطراب الشم أو التذوق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गंध या स्वाद में गड़बड़ी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"嗅覚や味覚の異常","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"후각 또는 미각 이상","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"嗅觉或味觉障碍","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0040","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"hallucinations","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/hallucinations","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R44","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB27.2","display":"Hallucinations","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hallucinations","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Alte tulburări de percepție (halucinații)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hallucinations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Halluzinationen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hallucinations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Alucinaciones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Allucinazioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alucinações","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Omamy (halucynacje)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Halucinace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Halucinácie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hallucinációk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ψευδαισθήσεις","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Галлюцинации","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Галюцинації","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Halüsinasyonlar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"هلوسات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मतिभ्रम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"幻覚","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"환각","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"幻觉","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0041","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"anxiety-nervousness-or-low-mood","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/anxiety-nervousness-or-low-mood","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R45","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB24","display":"Symptoms or signs involving mood or affect","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Symptoms or signs involving mood or affect","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Simptome ale stării emoționale (neliniște; nervozitate; tristețe; iritabilitate)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Anxiety, nervousness or low mood","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Angst, Nervosität oder Niedergeschlagenheit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anxiété, nervosité ou humeur triste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ansiedad, nerviosismo o ánimo bajo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ansia, nervosismo o umore basso","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ansiedade, nervosismo ou tristeza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lęk, nerwowość lub obniżony nastrój","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Úzkost, nervozita nebo skleslost","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Úzkosť, nervozita alebo skleslosť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szorongás, idegesség vagy lehangoltság","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Άγχος, νευρικότητα ή πεσμένη διάθεση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тревога, нервозность или подавленность","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тривога, нервовість або пригнічений настрій","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kaygı, sinirlilik veya keyifsizlik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"قلق أو عصبية أو مزاج منخفض","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"चिंता, घबराहट या उदासी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"不安・神経過敏・気分の落ち込み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"불안, 초조 또는 우울한 기분","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"焦虑、紧张或情绪低落","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"anxietate"},{"lang":"ro","text":"atac de panica"},{"lang":"ro","text":"neliniste"},{"lang":"ro","text":"nervos"},{"lang":"ro","text":"panica"},{"lang":"ro","text":"trist"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0042","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"behaviour-changes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/behaviour-changes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R46","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB23","display":"Symptoms or signs involving appearance or behaviour","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Symptoms or signs involving appearance or behaviour","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Simptome ale comportamentului","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Behaviour changes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verhaltensänderungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Changements de comportement","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cambios de comportamiento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cambiamenti del comportamento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alterações do comportamento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zmiany zachowania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Změny chování","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zmeny správania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Viselkedésváltozás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλλαγές συμπεριφοράς","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Изменения поведения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зміни поведінки","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Davranış değişiklikleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تغيرات في السلوك","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"व्यवहार में बदलाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"行動の変化","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"행동 변화","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"行为改变","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0043","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"speech-difficulty","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/speech-difficulty","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R47","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA80","display":"Speech or language disturbances","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Speech or language disturbances","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Tulburări de vorbire","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Speech difficulty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sprechstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à parler","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dificultad para hablar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difficoltà a parlare","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dificuldade em falar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trudności w mówieniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Potíže s mluvením","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ťažkosti s rečou","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Beszédzavar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκολία στην ομιλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушение речи","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення мовлення","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Konuşma güçlüğü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة في الكلام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बोलने में कठिनाई","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"話しにくさ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"말하기 어려움","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"说话困难","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Speech and Communication Disorders","text":"Many disorders can affect our ability to speak and communicate. They range from saying sounds incorrectly to being completely unable to speak or understand speech. Causes include:\n• Hearing disorders and deafness\n• Voice problems, such as dysphonia or those caused by cleft lip or palate\n• Speech problems like stuttering\n• Developmental disabilities\n• Learning disabilities\n• Autism spectrum disorder\n• Brain injury\n• Stroke\nSome speech and communication problems may be genetic. Often, no one knows the causes. By first grade, about 5% of children have noticeable speech disorders. Speech and language therapy can help.\nNIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del habla y de la comunicación","text":"Muchos problemas pueden afectar nuestra capacidad para hablar y comunicarnos. Varían desde decir las palabras de manera incorrecta hasta la incapacidad total para hablar o entender el habla. Entre las causas se incluyen:\n• Problemas auditivos y sordera\n• Problemas con la voz, como la disfonía o los problemas causados por el labio leporino o paladar hendido\n• Problemas del habla, como el tartamudeo\n• Discapacidades del desarrollo\n• Problemas de aprendizaje\n• Trastorno del espectro autista\n• Lesión cerebral\nAlgunos problemas del habla y la comunicación pueden ser genéticos. Frecuentemente, se desconocen las causas. En el primer grado de enseñanza, aproximadamente 5% de los niños tienen problemas del habla notorios. La terapia del habla y del lenguaje puede serles útil.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"What are the signs of stroke in men and women?","quote":"Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Signs and Symptoms of Stroke","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html","version":"Page dated May 19, 2026","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0044","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"reading-or-writing-difficulty","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/reading-or-writing-difficulty","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R48","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB4B","display":"Symbolic dysfunctions","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Symbolic dysfunctions","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Tulburări de citit; scris sau înțelegere a simbolurilor","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Reading or writing difficulty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lese- oder Schreibstörungen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à lire ou à écrire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dificultad para leer o escribir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difficoltà a leggere o scrivere","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dificuldade em ler ou escrever","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trudności w czytaniu lub pisaniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Potíže se čtením nebo psaním","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ťažkosti s čítaním alebo písaním","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Olvasási vagy írási nehézség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκολία στην ανάγνωση ή τη γραφή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трудности с чтением или письмом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Труднощі з читанням або письмом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Okuma veya yazma güçlüğü","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة في القراءة أو الكتابة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पढ़ने या लिखने में कठिनाई","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"読み書きの困難","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"읽기 또는 쓰기 어려움","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阅读或书写困难","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0045","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"hoarseness","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/hoarseness","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R49","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA82","display":"Voice disturbances","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Voice disturbances","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Tulburări ale vocii (răgușeală)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hoarseness","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Heiserkeit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Enrouement","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ronquera","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Raucedine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rouquidão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Chrypka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chrapot","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zachrípnutie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rekedtség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βραχνάδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Охриплость","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Захриплість","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ses kısıklığı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بحة في الصوت","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आवाज़ बैठना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"声がれ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"쉰 목소리","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"声音嘶哑","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0046","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"fever","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/fever","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R50","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG26","display":"Fever of other or unknown origin","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/915343154","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#915343154"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fever of other or unknown origin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Febră","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fever","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fieber","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fièvre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gorączka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Horečka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Horúčka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Láz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πυρετός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Повышенная температура (лихорадка)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Підвищена температура (гарячка)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ateş","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حمى","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बुखार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"発熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"발열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"发热","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"febr"},{"lang":"ro","text":"febra"},{"lang":"ro","text":"temperatur"},{"lang":"ro","text":"temperatura"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fever","text":"A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 °F (37 °C). A fever is not a disease. It is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection.\nInfections cause most fevers. You get a fever because your body is trying to kill the virus or bacteria that caused the infection. Most of those bacteria and viruses do well when your body is at your normal temperature. But if you have a fever, it is harder for them to survive. Fever also activates your body's immune system.\nOther causes of fevers include:\n• Medicines, including some antibiotics, blood pressure medicines, and anti-seizure medicines\n• Heat illness\n• Cancers\n• Autoimmune diseases\n• Some childhood vaccines\nTreatment depends on the cause of your fever. If the fever is very high, your health care provider may recommend taking an over-the-counter medicine such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Adults can also take aspirin, but children with fevers should not take aspirin. It is also important to drink enough liquids, to prevent dehydration.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fiebre","text":"La fiebre es una temperatura del cuerpo más elevada de lo normal. Una temperatura normal puede variar de persona a persona, pero generalmente es alrededor de 98.6 ºF o 37 ºC. La fiebre no es una enfermedad. Por lo general, es una señal de que su cuerpo está tratando de combatir una enfermedad o infección.\nLas infecciones causan la mayoría de las fiebres. Tiene fiebre porque su cuerpo está tratando de matar el virus o las bacterias que causaron la infección. La mayoría de estas bacterias y virus sobreviven bien cuando su cuerpo está a su temperatura normal. Pero si tiene fiebre, es más difícil para ellos sobrevivir. La fiebre también activa el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo.\nOtras causas de la fiebre incluyen:\n• Medicinas, incluyendo antibióticos, medicinas para la presión arterial y medicinas anticonvulsivas\n• Enfermedades por el calor\n• Cánceres\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes\n• Algunas vacunas para niños\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa de la fiebre. Si la fiebre es muy alta, su profesional de la salud puede recomendarle tomar medicinas de venta libre como el acetaminofén o el ibuprofén. Los adultos también pueden tomar aspirina, pero los niños con fiebre no deben tomar aspirina. También es importante beber suficientes líquidos para prevenir la deshidratación.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0047","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"headache","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/headache","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R51","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB4D","display":"Headache, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Headache, not elsewhere classified","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere de cap (cefalee)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Headache","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Kopfschmerzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mal de tête","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor de cabeza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mal di testa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor de cabeça","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból głowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť hlavy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fejfájás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πονοκέφαλος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Головная боль","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Головний біль","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Baş ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صداع","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिरदर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"頭痛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"두통","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"头痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"cefale"},{"lang":"ro","text":"cefalee"},{"lang":"ro","text":"doare capul"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere de cap"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dureri de cap"},{"lang":"ro","text":"ma doare capul"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Headache","text":"Almost everyone has had a headache. Headache is the most common form of pain. It's a major reason people miss days at work or school or visit the doctor.\nThe most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals, or use alcohol.\nOther common types of headaches include migraines, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches. Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking pain relievers.\nNot all headaches require a doctor's attention. But sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness, or pain in the eye or ear.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor de cabeza","text":"Casi todas las personas han tenido un dolor de cabeza alguna vez. El dolor de cabeza es la forma más común de dolor, y una de las razones principales por las que las personas se toman días de trabajo o de escuela y acuden al médico.\nEl tipo más común de dolor de cabeza es el tensional. Estos ocurren por la tensión que usted hace en los músculos de los hombros, del cuello, del cuero cabelludo y de la mandíbula. Suele relacionarse con el estrés, la depresión o la ansiedad. Usted podría tener una tendencia a tener este tipo de dolor de cabeza si trabaja demasiado, no duerme lo suficiente, se salta comidas o bebe bebidas alcohólicas.\nOtros tipos comunes de dolor de cabeza incluyen migrañas, cefaleas en racimos y cefaleas por sinusitis. La mayoría de las personas puede sentirse mucho mejor si hace cambios en su estilo de vida, aprende maneras para relajarse y toma analgésicos.\nNo todos los dolores de cabeza necesitan atención médica. Pero a veces el dolor de cabeza puede indicar un trastorno más grave. Infórmele a su proveedor de salud si tiene dolores de cabeza repentinos y severos. Consiga ayuda médica de inmediato si tiene dolor de cabeza después de un golpe o si se presenta con rigidez en el cuello, fiebre, confusión, pérdida de la conciencia o dolor en los ojos o los oídos.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[{"relation":"may_be_associated_with","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"MedlinePlus lists \"Headache\" as a related topic of \"Migraine\".","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Sudden severe headache with no known cause.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"What are the signs of stroke in men and women?","quote":"Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Signs and Symptoms of Stroke","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html","version":"Page dated May 19, 2026","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0048","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R52","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG3Z","display":"Pain, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/661232217/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#661232217/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere generalizată sau nelocalizată","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schmerzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağrı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"疼痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"doare"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dureri"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pain","text":"What is pain?\nPain is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Each person feels pain differently, even if the reason for the pain is the same. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may be mild or severe. Pain may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel pain in one area of your body, such as your back, abdomen, chest, or pelvis, or you may feel it all over.\nPain can help alert you that there is a problem. If you never felt pain, you might seriously hurt yourself without knowing it, or you might not realize you have a medical problem that needs treatment. Finding out what's causing your pain will help your health care provider determine the best way to manage or treat it.\nWhat are the types of pain?\nPatterns and types of pain are named based on how long and how often you have pain. These include:\n• Acute pain usually happens suddenly because of a disease, injury, or inflammation (irritation, redness, and/or swelling). This type of pain is often sharp and acts as a warning that something is wrong. It usually goes away when the cause is treated or healed, though sometimes it can turn into chronic pain. Some examples of causes of acute pain include broken bones or dental issues.\n• Chronic pain lasts for longer than three months or the time in which you should have healed. It can affect all aspects of daily life, including your mood and relationships. Some conditions that might cause chronic pain include arthritis or back problems.\n• Episodic pain can happen from time to time and may occur with long-term medical conditions. Some conditions that might cause episodic pain include sickle cell disease or chronic migraines.\nPain may also be categorized by what is likely to be the cause of the pain. Pain may be described as nociceptive (caused by tissue damage or inflammation), neuropathic (caused by nerve damage), or nociplastic (caused by changes in how your nervous system processes pain).\nWhat causes pain?\nUnderstanding what causes pain and why people feel it differently may be difficult. Often, it's easier to find the cause of acute pain due to an injury than the cause of chronic pain, or you may have an ongoing cause of pain, such as cancer.\nIn some cases, there is no clear cause. Environmental factors and psychological factors such as stress and beliefs about pain may affect the way you feel pain and respond to treatment.\nHow is pain diagnosed?\nYou are the only one who knows how your pain feels. Your provider can best measure your pain by how you report it. They may ask you:\n• Where is the pain in your body?\n• How long have you had the pain?\n• How does the pain feel, such as stinging, burning, or sharp?\n• How often do you have pain?\n• When do you feel pain, such as in the morning, evening, or all the time?\n• What relieves the pain?\n• How does pain affect your daily life?\n• Is the pain mild, moderate, or severe?\n• To rate the pain on a scale.\nIf the cause of your pain is unknown, your provider may also do a physical exam and order blood tests or other medical tests to help find the cause.\nWhat are the treatments for pain?\nPain is not always curable, but there are many ways to manage and treat it. Treatment depends on the cause and type of pain. Treatments may include medicines, such as pain relievers. There are also non-drug treatments, such as acupuncture, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.\nDepending on the cause of your pain and your symptoms, your provider may recommend lifestyle changes. These may include suggestions for:\n• Eating a healthy diet\n• Adding exercise\n• Losing weight\n• Managing stress\n• Improving mental health\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor","text":"¿Qué es el dolor?\nEl dolor es una señal que envía el sistema nervioso para indicar que algo no está bien. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, un hormigueo, una punzada, una quemadura o molestia. Cada persona siente el dolor de forma diferente, aunque la causa sea la misma. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo, leve o intenso, intermitente o constante. Es posible que sienta dolor en una zona del cuerpo, como la espalda, el abdomen, el pecho o la pelvis, o que lo sienta en todo el cuerpo.\nEl dolor puede ayudarle a saber que hay un problema. Si nunca sintiera dolor, es posible que se haga hecho daño grave sin saberlo o que no sepa que tiene un problema médico que necesita tratamiento. Averiguar qué está causando su dolor ayudará a su profesional de la salud a determinar la mejor manera de controlarlo o tratarlo.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de dolor?\nLos patrones y tipos de dolor se nombran según la duración y la frecuencia con la que se presenta. Estos incluyen:\n• El dolor agudo suele aparecer de repente debido a una enfermedad, lesión o inflamación (irritación, enrojecimiento o hinchazón). Este tipo de dolor suele ser agudo y actúa como una advertencia de que algo no está bien. Por lo general, desaparece cuando se trata o se cura la causa, aunque a veces puede convertirse en dolor crónico. Algunos ejemplos de causas de dolor agudo incluyen huesos rotos o problemas dentales.\n• El dolor crónico dura más de tres meses o el tiempo en el que debería haberse curado. Puede afectar todos los aspectos de la vida diaria, incluido el estado de ánimo y las relaciones. Algunas afecciones que pueden causar dolor crónico incluyen artritis o problemas de espalda.\n• El dolor episódico puede aparecer de vez en cuando y puede presentarse con afecciones médicas a largo plazo. Algunas afecciones que pueden causar dolor episódico incluyen la enfermedad de células falciformes o las migrañas crónicas.\nEl dolor también puede clasificarse según su posible causa. El dolor puede describirse como nociceptivo (causado por daño en el tejido o inflamación), neuropático (causado por daño en los nervios) o nociplástico (causado por cambios en la forma en que el sistema nervioso procesa el dolor).\n¿Qué causa el dolor?\nEntender qué causa el dolor y por qué las personas lo sienten de manera diferente puede ser difícil. A menudo, es más fácil encontrar la causa del dolor agudo debido a una lesión que la causa del dolor crónico, o puede haber una causa continua del dolor, como el cáncer.\nEn algunos casos, no hay una causa clara. Los factores ambientales y psicológicos, como el estrés y las creencias sobre el dolor, pueden afectar la forma en que siente el dolor y responde al tratamiento.\n¿Cómo se diagnostica el dolor?\nUsted es el único que sabe cómo se siente su dolor. Su profesional de la salud puede medir mejor su dolor según la forma en que lo informe. Es posible que le pregunte:\n• ¿En qué parte del cuerpo siente el dolor?\n• ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva sintiendo el dolor?\n• ¿Cómo se siente el dolor? ¿Es punzante, ardiente o agudo?\n• ¿Con qué frecuencia siente dolor?\n• ¿Cuándo siente dolor? ¿Por la mañana, por la noche o todo el tiempo?\n• ¿Qué alivia el dolor?\n• H¿Cómo afecta el dolor a su vida diaria?\n• ¿El dolor es leve, moderado o intenso?\n• Califique el dolor en una escala.\nSi se desconoce la causa de su dolor, su profesional de la salud también puede realizarle un examen físico y solicitar análisis de sangre u otras pruebas médicas para ayudar a encontrar la causa.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el dolor?\nEl dolor no siempre es curable, pero hay muchas maneras de controlarlo y tratarlo. El tratamiento depende de la causa y el tipo de dolor. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, como analgésicos. También hay tratamientos no farmacológicos, como acupuntura, fisioterapia y, a veces, cirugía.\nDependiendo de la causa de su dolor y sus síntomas, su profesional de la salud puede recomendar cambios en el estilo de vida. Estos pueden incluir sugerencias para:\n• Comer una dieta saludable\n• Hacer ejercicio\n• Bajar de peso\n• Controlar el estrés\n• Mejorar la salud mental\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0049","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"fatigue","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/fatigue","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R53","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG22","display":"Fatigue","equivalence":"narrower"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Oboseală; slăbiciune; stare de rău","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fatigue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Müdigkeit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fatigue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cansancio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Stanchezza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cansaço","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zmęczenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Únava","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Únava","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fáradtság","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κόπωση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Усталость","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Втома","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yorgunluk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تعب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"थकान","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"疲労感","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"피로","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"疲劳","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"astenie"},{"lang":"ro","text":"epuizare"},{"lang":"ro","text":"oboseala"},{"lang":"ro","text":"obosit"},{"lang":"ro","text":"obosita"},{"lang":"ro","text":"slabiciune"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fatigue","text":"What is fatigue?\nFatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. It can interfere with your usual daily activities. Fatigue can be a normal response to physical activity, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep. But sometimes it can be a sign of a mental or physical condition. If you have been feeling tired for weeks, contact your health care provider. They can help you find out what's causing your fatigue and recommend ways to relieve it.\nWhat causes fatigue?\nFatigue itself is not a disease; it's a symptom. It can have many different causes, including pregnancy and various medical problems, treatments, and lifestyle habits such as:\n• Medical problems:\n• Chronic (long-lasting) diseases such as diabetes, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and heart, liver, kidney and thyroid diseases\n• Untreated pain and diseases like fibromyalgia\n• Anemia\n• Infections\n• Parkinson's disease\n• Sleep apnea and other sleep disorders\n• Recent stroke\n• Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety\n• Treatments:\n• Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and bone marrow transplants\n• Recovering from major surgery\n• Taking certain medicines, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and medicines for nausea and pain\n• Lifestyle habits:\n• Not getting enough sleep\n• Staying up too late\n• Drinking too much alcohol\n• Substance use\n• Having too much caffeine (which can keep you from getting a good night's sleep)\n• Getting too little or too much exercise\nOverwhelming fatigue is part of a disorder called myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The fatigue caused by this disorder is different from a tired feeling that goes away after you rest. Instead, the fatigue in ME/CFS lasts a long time, does not get better with rest, and limits your ability to do ordinary daily activities.\nWhat can I do to manage fatigue?\nIf you've had fatigue that does not get better after several weeks, call your provider. They will ask questions about your sleep, daily activities, appetite, and exercise. They will likely do a physical exam and order lab tests. Once they decide on a diagnosis, they can tell you what treatments might help.\nYou can also make some lifestyle changes to feel less tired:\n• Get regular physical activity\n• Improve your sleep habits\n• Stop smoking (if you smoke), since smoking is linked to many diseases that can cause fatigue\n• Manage stress\n• Eat a healthy diet and avoid alcohol\nIt also may be helpful for you to keep a fatigue diary. This can help you find patterns throughout the day, such as when you feel more tired and when you have more energy. It can also help you plan for activities that may give you more energy.\nNIH: National Institute on Aging","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fatiga","text":"¿Qué es la fatiga?\nLa fatiga es una sensación de cansancio, agotamiento o falta de energía. Puede interferir con sus actividades diarias habituales. La fatiga puede ser una respuesta normal a la actividad física, el estrés emocional, el aburrimiento o la falta de sueño. Pero a veces puede ser un signo de un problema físico o mental. Si se siente cansado durante semanas, hable con su profesional de la salud. Éste puede ayudarle a encontrar la causa de su fatiga y recomendarle formas de aliviarla.\n¿Qué causa la fatiga?\nLa fatiga en sí misma no es una enfermedad, es un síntoma. Puede tener muchas causas diferentes, incluyendo el embarazo y diversos problemas médicos, tratamientos y hábitos de estilo de vida como:\n• Problemas médicos:\n• Enfermedades crónicas (de larga duración) como diabetes, EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) y enfermedades del corazón, hígado, riñón y tiroides\n• Dolor no tratado y enfermedades como la fibromialgia\n• Anemia\n• Infecciones\n• Enfermedad de Parkinson\n• Apnea del sueño y otros trastornos del sueño\n• Accidente cerebrovascular reciente\n• Trastornos mentales como depresión y ansiedad\n• Tratamientos:\n• Tratamientos contra el cáncer como quimioterapia, radioterapia y trasplantes de médula ósea\n• Recuperación tras una cirugía mayor\n• Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como antidepresivos, antihistamínicos y medicamentos para las náuseas y el dolor\n• Hábitos de estilo de vida:\n• No dormir lo suficiente\n• Quedarse despierto hasta tarde\n• Beber demasiado alcohol\n• Consumo de sustancias\n• Tomar demasiada cafeína (lo que puede impedir que obtenga el descanso necesario durante la noche)\n• Hacer muy poco o demasiado ejercicio\nLa fatiga extrema es parte de un trastorno llamado encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC). La fatiga causada por este trastorno es diferente a una sensación de cansancio que desaparece después de descansar. En cambio, la fatiga en EM/SFC dura mucho tiempo, no mejora con el descanso y limita su capacidad para realizar sus actividades diarias habituales.\n¿Qué puedo hacer para controlar la fatiga?\nSi ha tenido fatiga que no mejora después de varias semanas, hable con su profesional de la salud. El proveedor le hará preguntas sobre su sueño, actividades diarias, apetito y ejercicio. Probablemente le hará un examen físico y solicitará pruebas de laboratorio. Una vez que establezca un diagnóstico, podrá indicarle qué tratamientos pueden ayudar.\nTambién puede hacer algunos cambios en su estilo de vida para sentirse menos cansado:\n• Haga actividad física regular\n• Mejore sus hábitos de sueño\n• Deje de fumar (si fuma), ya que fumar está relacionado con muchas enfermedades que pueden provocar fatiga\n• Controle el estrés\n• Consuma una dieta saludable y evite el alcohol\nTambién puede resultarle útil llevar un diario de fatiga. Esto puede ayudar a encontrar patrones a lo largo del día, como cuando se siente más cansado y cuando tiene más energía. También puede ayudarle a planificar actividades que puedan brindarle más energía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0050","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"age-related-weakness","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/age-related-weakness","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R54","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG2A","display":"Ageing associated decline in intrinsic capacity","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/835503193","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#835503193"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ageing associated decline in intrinsic capacity","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Slăbiciune legată de vârstă","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Age-related weakness","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Altersbedingte Schwäche","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Faiblesse liée à l'âge","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Debilidad por la edad","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Debolezza legata all'età","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fraqueza ligada à idade","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Osłabienie związane z wiekiem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Slabost ve stáří","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Slabosť v starobe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Időskori gyengeség","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αδυναμία λόγω ηλικίας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Возрастная слабость","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вікова слабкість","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Yaşa bağlı güçsüzlük","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ضعف مرتبط بالعمر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"उम्र से जुड़ी कमज़ोरी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"加齢による衰弱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"노화로 인한 쇠약","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"年老体弱","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0051","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"fainting","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/fainting","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R55","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG45","display":"Syncope or collapse","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Syncope or collapse","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Leșin (sincopă)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fainting","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ohnmacht","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Évanouissement","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Desmayo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Svenimento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Desmaio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Omdlenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mdloba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mdloba","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ájulás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λιποθυμία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Обморок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Непритомність","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bayılma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إغماء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बेहोश होना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"失神","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"실신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"晕厥","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"am lesinat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"lesin"},{"lang":"ro","text":"lesinat"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fainting","text":"Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness. If you're about to faint, you'll feel dizzy, lightheaded, or nauseous. Your field of vision may \"white out\" or \"black out.\" Your skin may be cold and clammy. You lose muscle control at the same time, and may fall down.\nFainting usually happens when your blood pressure drops suddenly, causing a decrease in blood flow to your brain. It is more common in older people. Some causes of fainting include:\n• Heat or dehydration\n• Emotional distress\n• Standing up too quickly\n• Certain medicines\n• Drop in blood sugar\n• Heart problems\nWhen someone faints, make sure that the airway is clear and check for breathing. The person should stay lying down for 10-15 minutes. Most people recover completely. Fainting is usually nothing to worry about, but it can sometimes be a sign of a serious problem. If you faint, it's important to see your health care provider and find out why it happened.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Desmayo","text":"El desmayo (o síncope) es una pérdida temporal de la conciencia. Si se esta por desmayar, usted se sentirá mareado, con vértigo o con nauseas. Puede que vea \"todo blanco\" o \"todo negro\". Su piel puede sentirse fría y húmeda. Puede perder el control de sus músculos y caerse.\nEl desmayo suele ocurrir cuando la presión sanguínea baja de repente y causa que el flujo de la sangre al cerebro disminuya. Esto es más común en las personas mayores. Entre las causas del desmayo se incluyen:\n• Calor o deshidratación\n• Angustia\n• Ponerse de pie demasiado rápido\n• Algunas medicinas\n• Descenso del nivel de azúcar en la sangre\n• Problemas del corazón\nSi alguien se desmaya, asegúrese que las vías respiratorias estén despejadas para que pueda respirar sin problemas. La persona debe quedarse acostada unos 10 a 15 minutos. La mayoría de la gente se recupera por completo. Por lo general, los desmayos no son nada de qué preocuparse, pero a veces, pueden ser una señal de algún problema serio. Si se desmayó, es importante que vea a un médico y descubra por qué ocurrió.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"The major symptoms of a heart attack are:","quote":"If you notice the symptoms of a heart attack in yourself or someone else, call 9-1-1 immediately.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html","version":"Page dated Oct. 24, 2024","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0052","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"seizures","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/seizures","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R56","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"8A68.Z","display":"Type of seizure, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/539646260/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#539646260/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Convulsii","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Seizures","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Krampfanfälle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Convulsions","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Convulsiones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Convulsioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Convulsões","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Drgawki","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Záchvaty křečí","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Záchvaty kŕčov","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Görcsroham","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σπασμοί","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Судорожные приступы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Судомні напади","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nöbet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نوبات تشنج","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दौरे","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"けいれん","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"경련","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"抽搐","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Seizures","text":"Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal\nelectrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often think of convulsions in which a person's body\nshakes rapidly and uncontrollably. Not all seizures cause convulsions. There are many types\nof seizures and some have mild symptoms. Seizures fall into two main groups. Focal\nseizures, also called partial seizures, happen in just one part of the brain. Generalized\nseizures are a result of abnormal activity on both sides of the brain.\nMost seizures last from 30 seconds to 2 minutes and do not cause lasting harm. However,\nit is a medical emergency if seizures last longer than 5 minutes or if a person has many\nseizures and does not wake up between them. Seizures can have many causes, including\nmedicines, high fevers, head injuries and certain diseases. People who have recurring\nseizures due to a brain disorder have epilepsy.\nNIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Convulsiones","text":"Las convulsiones son síntomas de un problema cerebral. Ocurren por la aparición súbita de una actividad eléctrica anormal en el cerebro. Cuando las personas piensan en convulsiones, suelen imaginarse el cuerpo de una persona que se sacude rápida y sin control. No todas las convulsiones provocan estas sacudidas. Existen muchos tipos de convulsiones y algunos tienen síntomas leves. Las convulsiones se dividen en dos grupos principales. Las convulsiones focales, también llamadas convulsiones parciales, ocurren en una parte del cerebro. Las convulsiones generalizadas son el resultado de actividades anormales en ambos lados del cerebro.\nLa mayoría de las convulsiones duran de 30 segundos a dos minutos y no causan daños duraderos. Sin embargo, es una emergencia médica si las convulsiones duran más de cinco minutos o si una persona tiene muchas convulsiones y no se despierta entre éstas. Las convulsiones pueden tener muchas causas, entre las que se incluyen medicinas, fiebre alta, lesiones en la cabeza y ciertas enfermedades. Las personas que tienen convulsiones recurrentes debido a un trastorno cerebral tienen epilepsia.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0053","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"shock","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/shock","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R57","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG40","display":"Shock","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Shock","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Șoc","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Shock","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schock","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Choc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Shock","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Shock","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Choque","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wstrząs","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Šok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Šok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Sokk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καταπληξία (σοκ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Шок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Шок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صدمة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"शॉक","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ショック","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"쇼크","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"休克","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Shock","text":"Shock happens when not enough blood and oxygen can get to your organs and tissues. It causes very low blood pressure and may be life-threatening. It often happens along with a serious injury.\nThere are several kinds of shock. Hypovolemic shock happens when you lose a lot of blood or fluids. Causes include internal or external bleeding, dehydration, burns, and severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. Septic shock is caused by infections in the bloodstream. A severe allergic reaction can cause anaphylactic shock. An insect bite or sting might cause it. Cardiogenic shock happens when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This may happen after a heart attack. Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system.\nSymptoms of shock include:\n• Confusion or lack of alertness\n• Loss of consciousness\n• Sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat\n• Sweating\n• Pale skin\n• A weak pulse\n• Rapid breathing\n• Decreased or no urine output\n• Cool hands and feet\nShock is a life-threatening medical emergency and it is important to get help right away. Treatment of shock depends on the cause.\nNIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Shock","text":"El shock ocurre cuando no hay suficiente suministro de sangre y oxígeno a sus órganos y tejidos. Puede causar baja presión y ser un peligro para la vida. El shock suele suceder con una lesión grave.\nExisten muchos tipos de shocks: El shock hipovolémico que se da cuando la persona pierde mucha sangre o líquidos y causa sangrado interno o externo, deshidratación, quemaduras y diarrea y vómitos severos. El shock séptico que es causado por infecciones en el torrente sanguíneo. El shock anafiláctico, causado por una reacción alérgica grave y puede ser causado, por ejemplo, por una picadura de insecto en una persona que es alérgica a él. El shock cardiogénico, causado por la incapacidad del corazón de bombear sangre de manera eficiente y puede causar un ataque al corazón. El shock neurogénico que es causado por daño al sistema nervioso.\nLos síntomas incluyen :\n• Confusión o falta de lucidez mental\n• Pérdida de la conciencia\n• Latidos del corazón rápidos y de forma repentina\n• Transpiración\n• Palidez\n• Pulso débil\n• Respiración acelerada\n• Reducción del flujo o detención total de orina\n• Pies y manos frías\nUn shock es una emergencia médica que puede poner en peligro la vida y por ello es importante obtener ayuda médica de manera inmediata. El tratamiento del shock depende de la causa.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0054","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"bleeding","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/bleeding","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R58","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG27","display":"Haemorrhage, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/940081636","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#940081636"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Haemorrhage, not elsewhere classified","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Sângerare neclasificată altundeva","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bleeding","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Blutung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Saignement","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sangrado","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sanguinamento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sangramento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Krwawienie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Krvácení","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Krvácanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vérzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αιμορραγία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кровотечение","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кровотеча","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kanama","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نزيف","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रक्तस्राव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"出血","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"출혈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"出血","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"sangerare"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bleeding","text":"Bleeding is the loss of blood. It can be external, or outside the body, like when you get a cut or wound. It can also be internal, or inside the body, like when you have an injury to an internal organ. Some bleeding, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, coughing up blood, or vaginal bleeding, can be a symptom of a disease.\nNormally, when you are injured and start bleeding, a blood clot forms to stop the bleeding quickly. Afterwards, the clot dissolves naturally. To be able to make a clot, your blood needs blood proteins called clotting factors and a type of blood cell called platelets. Some people have a problem with clotting, due to another medical condition or an inherited disease. There are two types of problems:\n• Your blood may not form clots normally, known as a bleeding disorder. This happens when your body does not make enough platelets or clotting factors, or they don't work the way they should.\n• Your blood may make too many clots, or the clots may not dissolve properly\nSometimes bleeding can cause other problems. A bruise is bleeding under the skin. Some strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain. Severe bleeding may require first aid or a trip to the emergency room.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hemorragia","text":"El sangrado o hemorragia es la pérdida de sangre. Puede ser externo o dentro del cuerpo. Usted puede sangrar al hacerse un corte o una herida. También puede ocurrir cuando sufre una lesión en un órgano interno. Algunos tipos de sangrado, como la hemorragia gastrointestinal, toser con sangre o el sangrado vaginal, pueden ser un síntoma de una enfermedad.\nUsualmente, cuando tiene una herida y comienza a sangrar, se forma un coágulo sanguíneo para detener la hemorragia rápidamente. Luego, el coágulo se disuelve naturalmente. Para poder formar un coágulo, su sangre necesita proteínas sanguíneas llamadas factores de coagulación y un tipo de glóbulo llamado plaqueta. Algunas personas tienen problemas con la coagulación debido a otra afección médica o una enfermedad hereditaria. Existen dos tipos de estos problemas:\n• Es posible que su sangre no forme coágulos normalmente, lo que se conoce como trastorno de la coagulación. Esto sucede cuando su cuerpo no produce suficientes plaquetas o factores de coagulación, o no funcionan bien\n• Su sangre puede formar demasiados coágulos, o los coágulos pueden no disolverse adecuadamente\nEn ocasiones, la hemorragia puede causar otros problemas. Un hematoma es sangrado debajo de la piel. Algunos accidentes cerebrovasculares son causados por sangrado en el cerebro. Ciertas hemorragias pueden requerir primeros auxilios o ir a la sala de emergencias.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0055","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"swollen-lymph-nodes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/swollen-lymph-nodes","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R59","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA01","display":"Enlarged lymph nodes","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Enlarged lymph nodes","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Ganglioni măriți","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Swollen lymph nodes","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Geschwollene Lymphknoten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ganglions gonflés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ganglios inflamados","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linfonodi ingrossati","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gânglios inchados","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powiększone węzły chłonne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zduřelé mízní uzliny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zväčšené lymfatické uzliny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Duzzadt nyirokcsomók","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διογκωμένοι λεμφαδένες","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Увеличенные лимфоузлы","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Збільшені лімфовузли","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şişmiş lenf bezleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تضخم العقد اللمفاوية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सूजी हुई लसीका ग्रंथियां","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リンパ節の腫れ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"림프절 부기","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"淋巴结肿大","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0056","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"swelling-oedema","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/swelling-oedema","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R60","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG29","display":"Oedema","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Oedema","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Edem (umflare prin acumulare de lichid)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Swelling (oedema)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schwellung (Ödem)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gonflement (œdème)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hinchazón (edema)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gonfiore (edema)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Inchaço (edema)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Obrzęk","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Otok (edém)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Opuch (edém)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Duzzanat (ödéma)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρήξιμο (οίδημα)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Отёк","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Набряк","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Şişlik (ödem)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تورم (وذمة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सूजन (एडिमा)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"むくみ(浮腫)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부종","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"水肿","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"edem"},{"lang":"ro","text":"picioare umflate"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Edema","text":"Edema means swelling caused by fluid in your body's tissues. It usually occurs in the feet, ankles and legs, but it can involve your entire body.\nCauses of edema include:\n• Eating too much salt\n• Sunburn\n• Heart failure\n• Kidney disease\n• Liver problems from cirrhosis\n• Pregnancy\n• Problems with lymph nodes, especially after mastectomy\n• Some medicines\n• Standing or walking a lot when the weather is warm\nTo keep swelling down, your health care provider may recommend keeping your legs raised when sitting, wearing support stockings, limiting how much salt you eat, or taking a medicine called a diuretic - also called a water pill.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Edema","text":"Edema significa hinchazón causada por la acumulación de líquido en los tejidos del cuerpo. Suele ocurrir en los pies, los tobillos y las piernas, pero puede afectar todo el cuerpo.\nLas causas de edema incluyen:\n• Consumir demasiada sal\n• Quemaduras de sol\n• Insuficiencia cardíaca\n• Enfermedades de los riñones\n• Problemas hepáticos por cirrosis\n• Embarazo\n• Problemas con los ganglios linfáticos, especialmente después de una mastectomía\n• Algunas medicinas\n• Permanecer mucho tiempo de pie o sentado cuando hace calor\nPara disminuir el edema, el médico puede recomendarle mantener sus piernas elevadas cuando se siente, usar medias elásticas, limitar el consumo de sal o tomar medicamentos llamados diuréticos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0080","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"back-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/back-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"M54","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME84","display":"Spinal pain","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Spinal pain","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere de spate","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Back pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rückenschmerzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mal de dos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor de espalda","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mal di schiena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor nas costas","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból pleców","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest zad","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť chrbta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hátfájás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος στην πλάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в спине","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у спині","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sırt ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم الظهر","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पीठ दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"腰背部痛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"등 통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"背痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"durere de spate"},{"lang":"ro","text":"durere lombara"},{"lang":"ro","text":"dureri de spate"},{"lang":"ro","text":"ma doare spatele"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Back Pain","text":"If you've ever groaned, \"Oh, my aching back!\", you are not alone. Back pain is one of the most common medical problems, affecting 8 out of 10 people at some point during their lives. Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain.\nAcute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts from a few days to a few weeks. Back pain is called chronic if it lasts for more than three months.\nMost back pain goes away on its own, though it may take awhile. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers and resting can help. However, staying in bed for more than 1 or 2 days can make it worse.\nIf your back pain is severe or doesn't improve after three days, you should call your health care provider. You should also get medical attention if you have back pain following an injury.\nTreatment for back pain depends on what kind of pain you have, and what is causing it. It may include hot or cold packs, exercise, medicines, injections, complementary treatments, and sometimes surgery.\nNIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor de espalda","text":"Si alguna vez dijo \"¡Ay, qué dolor de espalda!\", usted no está solo. El dolor de espalda es uno de los problemas médicos más comunes y afecta a ocho de cada 10 personas en algún momento de sus vidas. El dolor de espalda puede variar desde un dolor sordo, constante, hasta un dolor súbito e intenso. El dolor de espalda agudo aparece repentinamente y suele durar algunos días o semanas. El dolor de espalda es crónico cuando dura más de tres meses.\nLa mayoría de los dolores de espalda desaparecen espontáneamente, aunque pueden demorar algún tiempo. Los analgésicos de venta libre y el reposo pueden ayudar. Sin embargo, permanecer en cama por más de uno o dos días puede empeorarlo.\nSi el dolor de espalda es severo o no mejora al cabo de tres días, debe llamar a un profesional de la salud. También debe buscar atención médica si presenta dolor de espalda después de una lesión.\nEl tratamiento para el dolor de espalda depende de qué lo esté causando y qué tipo de dolor usted tenga. Puede incluir compresas frías o calientes, ejercicio, medicamentos, inyecciones, tratamientos complementarios y, a veces, cirugía.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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Sleep is a natural process that helps your body restore energy, supports learning and memory, and keeps you healthy.\nIt's not just the number of hours of sleep you get that matters. The quality of your sleep is also important. During the night, your brain cycles through different stages of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. If your sleep is often interrupted, you may not get enough time in certain stages of sleep. Poor-quality sleep does more than make you feel tired. It can affect your physical and mental health, thinking, and daily functioning.\nWhat are sleep disorders?\nSleep disorders are conditions that disturb your normal sleep patterns. There are many types of sleep disorders. Some general types include:\n• Insomnia, which is trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.\n• Sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea, a condition in which you stop breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep.\n• Sleep-related movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome (RLS), which involves tingling or prickling sensations in your legs, and a strong urge to move them.\n• Hypersomnia, which is extreme daytime sleepiness. This includes narcolepsy.\n• Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, which are problems falling asleep or waking up at the right times. This may be due to shift work or jet lag.\n• Parasomnia, which is unusual behaviors during sleep or while falling asleep or waking up. This may include sleepwalking, talking, or eating during sleep.\nSome people who feel tired during the day have a true sleep disorder, while others simply don't get enough sleep. The amount of sleep you need depends on your age, lifestyle, health, and sleep patterns. Most adults need about 7-9 hours each night.\nWhat causes sleep disorders?\nThere are different causes for different sleep disorders. They may include:\n• Other health conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, nerve disorders, or pain\n• Mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety\n• Medicines\n• Genetics\nSometimes the cause is unknown.\nOther factors that may contribute to sleep problems include:\n• Using caffeine or alcohol\n• Having an irregular schedule, such as working the night shift\n• Aging, since older adults may sleep less, spend less time in deep sleep, and wake easily\nWhat are the symptoms of sleep disorders?\nThe symptoms of sleep disorders depend on the specific disorder. Some signs that you may have a sleep disorder include that:\n• You regularly take more than 30 minutes to fall asleep.\n• You regularly wake up several times and then have trouble falling back to sleep, or you wake up too early in the morning.\n• You often feel sleepy during the day, take frequent naps, or fall asleep at the wrong times during the day.\n• Your bed partner says that when you sleep, you snore loudly, snort, gasp, make choking sounds, or stop breathing for short periods.\n• You have creeping or tingling sensations in your legs or arms that are relieved by moving or massaging them, especially in the evening and when trying to fall asleep.\n• Your bed partner notices that your legs or arms jerk often during sleep.\n• You have vivid, dreamlike experiences while falling asleep or dozing.\n• You have episodes of sudden muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions.\n• You feel as though you cannot move or speak for a brief time when you first wake up.\nHow are sleep disorders diagnosed?\nTo diagnose a sleep disorder, your health care provider will review your medical and sleep history and do a physical exam. You may also have a sleep study (polysomnogram). Most sleep studies monitor and record data about your body during a full night of sleep. The data includes:\n• Brain wave activity\n• Eye movements\n• Breathing rate\n• Blood pressure\n• Heart rate and electrical activity in the heart and other muscles\nOther types of sleep studies may check how quickly you fall asleep during daytime naps or how well you can stay awake during the day.\nWhat are the treatments for sleep disorders?\nTreatments for sleep disorders depend on which disorder you have. They may include:\n• Practicing good sleep habits and other lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise\n• Reducing anxiety about sleep with cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques\n• Using a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine for sleep apnea\n• Using bright light therapy (in the morning)\n• Taking sleep aid medicines, or natural products such as melatonin\nAlways check with your provider before taking any medicine or supplement. Most sleep aid medicines are generally for short-term use.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del sueño","text":"¿Qué es el sueño?\nMientras usted duerme, las funciones de su cerebro y cuerpo siguen activas. El sueño es un proceso natural que ayuda al cuerpo a recuperar energía, favorece el aprendizaje y la memoria y lo mantiene saludable.\nNo solo es importante la cantidad de horas que usted duerme. La calidad de su sueño también lo es. Durante la noche, su cerebro pasa por diferentes etapas de sueño sin movimientos oculares rápidos (no REM) y sueño con movimientos oculares rápidos (REM). Si su sueño se interrumpe con frecuencia, es posible que no duerma lo suficiente en ciertas etapas. El sueño de poca calidad no solo causa cansancio, sino que también puede afectar su salud física y mental, su pensamiento y su vida diaria.\n¿Qué son los trastornos del sueño?\nLos trastornos del sueño son afecciones que alteran sus patrones normales de sueño. Existen muchos tipos de trastornos del sueño. Algunos tipos generales incluyen:\n• Insomnio: Es la dificultad para dormirse o permanecer dormido\n• Trastornos respiratorios relacionados con el sueño (apnea del sueño): Una afección en la cual la respiración se detiene por 10 segundos o más mientras duerme\n• Trastornos del movimiento relacionados con el sueño (síndrome de piernas inquietas): Una sensación de hormigueo o punzadas en las piernas junto a una fuerte necesidad de moverlas\n• Hipersomnia: Es somnolencia diurna extrema. Esto incluye la narcolepsia\n• Trastornos del ritmo circadiano sueño-vigilia: Problemas para dormirse o despertarse cuando corresponde. Esto puede deberse al trabajo por turnos o al jet lag\n• Parasomnia: Conducta inusual al quedarse dormido, durante el sueño o al despertarse. Esto puede incluir sonambulismo, hablar o comer mientras duerme\nAlgunas personas que se sienten cansadas durante el día tienen un verdadero trastorno del sueño, mientras que otras simplemente no duermen lo suficiente. La cantidad de sueño que usted necesite depende de su edad, estilo de vida, estado de salud y patrones de sueño. La mayoría de los adultos necesitan entre 7 y 9 horas cada noche.\n¿Qué causa los trastornos del sueño?\nExisten diferentes causas de los trastornos del sueño. Pueden incluir:\n• Otras condiciones de salud, como enfermedades del corazón, enfermedades de los pulmones, de los nervios o dolor\n• Enfermedades mentales, incluyendo depresión y ansiedad\n• Medicinas\n• Genes\nA veces, no se conoce la causa.\nOtros factores que pueden contribuir a problemas del sueño incluyen:\n• Usar cafeína o alcohol\n• Tener un horario irregular, como trabajar el turno de noche\n• El envejecimiento, ya que los adultos mayores pueden dormir menos, pasar menos tiempo en el estado de sueño profundo y despertarse más fácilmente\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos del sueño?\nLos síntomas de los problemas del sueño dependen del problema específico. Algunos signos de que usted puede tener alguno de estos problemas incluyen:\n• Tarda regularmente más de 30 minutos cada noche para quedarse dormido\n• Se despierta varias veces cada noche y luego tiene problemas para volver a dormir o se despierta demasiado temprano en la mañana\n• A menudo se siente somnoliento durante el día, toma siestas frecuentes o se duerme en los momentos no apropiados durante el día\n• Su compañero de cama dice que cuando duerme ronca fuerte, resopla, jadea, hace ruidos de ahogo o deja de respirar por períodos cortos\n• Tiene sensaciones de hormigueo o pinchadas en sus piernas o brazos, que se alivian al moverlos o masajearlos, especialmente por la noche y cuando trata de quedarse dormido\n• Su compañero de cama nota que sus piernas o brazos se sacuden con frecuencia durante el sueño\n• Tiene experiencias vívidas y oníricas mientras se duerme o está dormido\n• Tiene episodios de debilidad muscular repentina provocados por emociones fuertes\n• Siente que no puede moverse ni hablar por un breve tiempo cuando se levanta por primera vez\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del sueño?\nPara diagnosticar un problema del sueño, su profesional de la salud revisará su historia clínica y de sueño y le realizará un examen físico. También puede realizar un estudio del sueño (polisomnograma). La mayoría de los estudios del sueño monitorean y registran datos de su cuerpo durante una noche completa de sueño. Los datos incluyen:\n• Actividad de las ondas cerebrales\n• Movimientos de los ojos\n• Frecuencia respiratoria\n• Presión sanguínea\n• Frecuencia cardíaca y actividad eléctrica en el corazón y otros músculos\nOtros tipos de estudios del sueño pueden determinar la rapidez con la que se duerme en las siestas del día o qué tan bien usted puede permanecer despierto y alerta durante el día.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del sueño?\nLos tratamientos para los trastornos del sueño dependen del problema que tenga. Pueden incluir:\n• Practicar buenos hábitos de sueño y otros cambios en el estilo de vida, como comer una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio con regularidad\n• Reducir la ansiedad sobre el sueño con terapia cognitiva conductual o técnicas de relajación\n• Usar máquina de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea para la apnea del sueño (CPAP)\n• Usar terapia de luz brillante (por la mañana)\n• Tomar medicamentos para dormir o productos naturales como melatonina\nConsulte siempre con su proveedor antes de tomar cualquier medicamento o suplemento. La mayoría de los medicamentos para dormir suelen ser para uso a corto plazo.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0082","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"constipation","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/constipation","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"K59.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME05.0","display":"Constipation","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Constipation","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Constipație","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Constipation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verstopfung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Constipation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Estreñimiento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Stitichezza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prisão de ventre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaparcie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zácpa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápcha","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Székrekedés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκοιλιότητα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Запор","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Закреп","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kabızlık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إمساك","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कब्ज़","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"便秘","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"변비","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"便秘","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"constipat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"constipata"},{"lang":"ro","text":"constipatie"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Constipation","text":"Constipation means having fewer than three bowel movements a week. The stool (poop) can be hard and dry. Sometimes it is painful to pass. At one time or another, almost everyone gets constipated. In most cases, it lasts a short time and is not serious.\nThere are many things you can do to prevent constipation. They include:\n• Eating more fruits, vegetables and grains, which are high in fiber\n• Drinking plenty of water and other liquids\n• Getting enough exercise\n• Taking time to have a bowel movement when you need to\n• Using laxatives only if your health care provider says you should\n• Asking your provider if medicines you take may cause constipation\nIt's not important that you have a bowel movement every day. If your bowel habits change, however, check with your provider.\nNIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Estreñimiento","text":"Estreñimiento significa tener menos de tres evacuaciones en una semana. Las heces pueden ser duras y secas. Algunas veces la evacuación es dolorosa. Todas las personas tienen estreñimiento alguna vez. La mayoría de los casos dura poco tiempo y no es serio.\nExisten muchas cosas que puede hacer para prevenir el estreñimiento. Incluyendo:\n• Comer más frutas, verduras y granos, que son ricos en fibra\n• Beber abundante agua y otros líquidos\n• Hacer suficiente ejercicio\n• Tomarse el tiempo para evacuar cuando lo necesite\n• Consumir laxantes solamente si su profesional de la salud se lo indica\n• Preguntarle a su profesional si las medicinas que toma pueden causar el estreñimiento\nNo es importante tener movimientos intestinales todos los días. Si observa cambios en sus hábitos intestinales consulte a su proveedor de servicios de salud.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"bleeding from your rectum","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"blood in your stool","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"constant pain in your abdomen","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"inability to pass gas","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"vomiting","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"fever","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"lower back pain","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."},{"sign":"losing weight without trying","urgency":"same_day","lang":"en","context":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","quote":"You should see a doctor right away if you have constipation and any of the following symptoms","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH","title":"Symptoms & Causes of Constipation","url":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/symptoms-causes","version":"Last reviewed May 2018","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Copyright free, reproduced without changes with acknowledgement (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/copyright)","attribution":"Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0083","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"ringing-in-the-ears-tinnitus","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/ringing-in-the-ears-tinnitus","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H93.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC41","display":"Tinnitus","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1089305710","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1089305710"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tinnitus","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Țiuit în urechi (tinitus)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ohrgeräusche (Tinnitus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bourdonnements d'oreilles (acouphènes)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Zumbido en los oídos (acúfenos)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ronzio nelle orecchie (acufene)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Zumbido nos ouvidos (acufeno)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Szumy uszne","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Šelest v uších (tinnitus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Šum v ušiach (tinitus)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fülzúgás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βουητό στα αυτιά (εμβοές)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Шум в ушах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Шум у вухах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kulak çınlaması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"طنين الأذن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कानों में आवाज़ आना (टिनिटस)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"耳鳴り","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이명","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"耳鸣","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"imi tiuie urechile"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tinitus"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tiuie"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tiuit"},{"lang":"ro","text":"tiuit in urechi"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Tinnitus","text":"Tinnitus is often described as a ringing in the ears. It also can sound like roaring, clicking, hissing, or buzzing. It may be soft or loud, high pitched or low pitched. You might hear it in either one or both ears.\nMillions of Americans have tinnitus. People with severe tinnitus may have trouble hearing, working or even sleeping.\nCauses of tinnitus include:\n• Hearing loss in older people\n• Exposure to loud noises\n• Ear and sinus infections\n• Heart or blood vessel problems\n• Meniere's disease\n• Brain tumors\n• Hormonal changes in women\n• Thyroid problems\n• Certain medicines\nTreatment depends on the cause. Treatments may include hearing aids, sound-masking devices, medicines, and ways to learn how to cope with the noise.\nNIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Tinnitus","text":"El tinnitus se describe a menudo como un zumbido en los oídos. También puede sonar como rumor, un cliqueo, silbido o zumbido. Puede ser suave o fuerte, agudo o bajo. Usted puede escucharlo en uno o ambos oídos.\nMillones de estadounidenses tienen tinnitus. Las personas con tinnitus severo pueden tener dificultad para oír, trabajar o incluso dormir.\nLas causas de tinnitus incluyen:\n• Pérdida de la audición en las personas mayores\n• Exposición a ruidos fuertes\n• Infecciones del oído y los senos paranasales\n• Problemas cardiacos o vasculares\n• Enfermedad de Ménière\n• Tumores cerebrales\n• Cambios hormonales en las mujeres\n• Problemas de tiroides\n• Ciertos medicamentos\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa. Puede incluir el uso de audífonos, dispositivos que enmascaran los ruidos, medicinas y aprender maneras para lidiar con el ruido.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0084","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"blurred-vision","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/blurred-vision","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H53.8","display":null,"equivalence":"broader"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9D7Z","display":"Impairment of visual functions, unspecified","equivalence":"wider","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1611601779/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1611601779/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Blurred vision","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Vedere încețoșată","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Blurred vision","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verschwommenes Sehen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vision floue","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Visión borrosa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vista offuscata","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Visão turva","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niewyraźne widzenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozmazané vidění","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rozmazané videnie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Homályos látás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Θολή όραση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нечёткое зрение","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нечіткий зір","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bulanık görme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوش الرؤية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"धुंधला दिखना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"かすみ目","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시야 흐림","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"视物模糊","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"incetosat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"vad incetosat"},{"lang":"ro","text":"vedere incetosata"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Sudden trouble seeing.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"What are the signs of stroke in men and women?","quote":"Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Signs and Symptoms of Stroke","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html","version":"Page dated May 19, 2026","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0085","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"double-vision","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/double-vision","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"H53.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"9D46","display":"Impairment of binocular functions","equivalence":"wider","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/296599996","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#296599996"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Vedere dublă (diplopie)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Double vision","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Doppeltsehen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vision double","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Visión doble","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Visione doppia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Visão dupla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Podwójne widzenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dvojité vidění","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dvojité videnie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kettőslátás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διπλή όραση (διπλωπία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Двоение в глазах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Двоїння в очах","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çift görme","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ازدواج الرؤية","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दोहरा दिखना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"物が二重に見える(複視)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"물체가 두 개로 보임(복시)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"复视","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"vad dublu"},{"lang":"ro","text":"vedere dubla"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[{"sign":"Sudden trouble seeing.","urgency":"emergency","lang":"en","context":"What are the signs of stroke in men and women?","quote":"Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.","applies_to":null,"source":{"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","title":"Signs and Symptoms of Stroke","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html","version":"Page dated May 19, 2026","retrieved_at":"2026-10-15","licence":"Public domain (US federal government work; https://www.cdc.gov/other/agencymaterials.html)","attribution":"Source: CDC. Available free at https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/index.html. Use does not imply endorsement by CDC or HHS."},"review":"source_quoted","reviewed_at":"2026-10-15","note":"Quoted word for word from the cited source and checked against it; not reviewed by a clinician. Not a diagnosis. 9-1-1 is the US emergency number: in Europe call 112."}]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0086","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"itching","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/itching","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"L29.9","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME65.1","display":"Itching of skin","equivalence":"equivalent"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Itching of skin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Mâncărime (prurit)","review":"in_use"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Itching","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Juckreiz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Démangeaisons","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Picor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prurito","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Comichão","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Swędzenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Svědění","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Svrbenie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Viszketés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φαγούρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Зуд","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Свербіж","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kaşıntı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حكة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"खुजली","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"かゆみ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"가려움","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"瘙痒","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"ro","text":"mancarim"},{"lang":"ro","text":"mancarime"},{"lang":"ro","text":"mancarimi"},{"lang":"ro","text":"prurit"}],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Itching","text":"What is itching?\nItching is an irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch your skin. Sometimes it can feel like pain, but it is different. Often, you feel itchy in one area in your body, but sometimes you may feel itching all over. Along with the itching, you may also have a rash or hives.\nWhat causes itching?\nItching is a symptom of many health conditions. Some common causes are:\n• Allergic reactions to food, insect bites, pollen, and medicines\n• Skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and dry skin\n• Irritating chemicals, cosmetics, and other substances\n• Parasites such as pinworms, scabies, head and body lice\n• Pregnancy\n• Liver, kidney, or thyroid diseases\n• Certain cancers or cancer treatments\n• Diseases that can affect the nervous system, such as diabetes and shingles\nWhat are the treatments for itching?\nMost itching is not serious. To feel better, you could try:\n• Applying cold compresses\n• Using moisturizing lotions\n• Taking lukewarm or oatmeal baths\n• Using over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream or antihistamines\n• Avoiding scratching, wearing irritating fabrics, and exposure to high heat and humidity\nContact your health care provider if your itching is severe, does not go away after a few weeks, or does not have an apparent cause. You may need other treatments, such as medicines or light therapy. If you have an underlying disease that is causing the itching, treating that disease may help.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Picazón","text":"¿Qué es la picazón?\nLa picazón es una sensación irritante que despierta la necesidad de rascarse la piel. A veces puede sentirse como algo parecido al dolor, pero es diferente. A menudo, siente que le pica una parte del cuerpo, pero a veces puede sentir comezón en todo su cuerpo. Junto con la picazón, también puede tener sarpullido o urticaria.\n¿Qué causa picazón?\nLa picazón es un síntoma de muchas afecciones de salud. Algunas causas comunes son:\n• Reacciones alérgicas a alimentos, picaduras de insectos, polen y medicamentos\n• Enfermedades de la piel como eccema, psoriasis y piel seca\n• Productos químicos irritantes, cosméticos y otras sustancias\n• Parásitos como oxiuros, sarna, piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo\n• El embarazo\n• Enfermedades del hígado, riñón o tiroides\n• Ciertos tipos de cáncer o tratamientos contra el cáncer\n• Enfermedades que pueden afectar el sistema nervioso, como la diabetes y la culebrilla (herpes zóster)\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la picazón?\nLa mayoría de las picazones no son serias. Para sentirse mejor, puede intentar:\n• Aplicar compresas frías\n• Usar lociones humectantes\n• Tomar baños tibios o de avena\n• Usar crema de hidrocortisona o antihistamínicos sin receta\n• Evitar los arañazos, el uso de telas irritantes y la exposición a altas temperaturas y humedad\nHable con su proveedor de atención médica si su picazón es severa, no desaparece después de algunas semanas o no tiene una causa aparente. Es posible que necesite otros tratamientos, como medicamentos o fototerapia. Si tiene una enfermedad subyacente que está causando la picazón, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0087","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"palpitations-r00-2","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/palpitations-r00-2","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R00.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC81.2","display":"Palpitations","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/257569559","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#257569559"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Palpitations","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Palpitații","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Palpitations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Herzklopfen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Palpitations","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Palpitaciones","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Palpitazioni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Palpitações","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kołatanie serca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bušení srdce","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Búšenie srdca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szívdobogásérzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αίσθημα παλμών","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сердцебиение","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Серцебиття","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Çarpıntı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خفقان القلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"धड़कन तेज़ होना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"動悸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"두근거림","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心悸","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.\nMany conditions can make you feel short of breath:\n• Lung conditions such as asthma, emphysema, or pneumonia\n• Problems with your trachea or bronchi, which are part of your airway system\n• Heart disease can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body\n• Anxiety and panic attacks\n• Allergies\nIf you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas respiratorios","text":"Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, le cuesta o es incómodo obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Puede sentir que no está obteniendo el suficiente aire. A veces puede tener problemas respiratorios leves por una congestión nasal o hacer ejercicio muy intensamente. Pero la falta de aire también puede ser señal de una enfermedad seria.\nMuchas condiciones pueden hacer sentir que le falta el aire:\n• Problemas de los pulmones como asma, enfisema o neumonía\n• Problemas de su tráquea o en los bronquios, que son parte de su sistema respiratorio\n• Las enfermedades cardíacas pueden provocar falta de aire si su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suministrarle oxígeno al cuerpo\n• Ansiedad o ataque de pánico\n• Alergias\nSi usted tiene problemas para respirar en forma frecuente, es importante encontrar la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0100","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"hyperventilation","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/hyperventilation","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R06.4","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD11.7","display":"Hyperventilation","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1048499416","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1048499416"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hyperventilation","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Hiperventilație","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hyperventilation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hyperventilation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hyperventilation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hiperventilación","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Iperventilazione","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hiperventilação","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hiperwentylacja","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hyperventilace","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hyperventilácia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hiperventiláció","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπεραερισμός","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гипервентиляция","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гіпервентиляція","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hiperventilasyon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فرط التنفس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अतिश्वसन (हाइपरवेंटिलेशन)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"過換気","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"과호흡","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"过度换气","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0101","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"mouth-breathing","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/mouth-breathing","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R06.5","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD11.8Z","display":"Mouth breathing, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1530206530/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1530206530/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Respirație pe gură","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Mouth breathing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mundatmung","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Respiration buccale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Respiración bucal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Respirazione orale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Respiração pela boca","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Oddychanie przez usta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dýchání ústy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dýchanie ústami","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szájlégzés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Στοματική αναπνοή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дыхание ртом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дихання ротом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağızdan nefes alma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التنفس من الفم","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मुंह से सांस लेना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口呼吸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"구강 호흡","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"张口呼吸","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Breathing Problems","text":"When you're short of breath, it's hard or uncomfortable for you to take in the oxygen your body needs. You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.\nMany conditions can make you feel short of breath:\n• Lung conditions such as asthma, emphysema, or pneumonia\n• Problems with your trachea or bronchi, which are part of your airway system\n• Heart disease can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body\n• Anxiety and panic attacks\n• Allergies\nIf you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas respiratorios","text":"Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, le cuesta o es incómodo obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Puede sentir que no está obteniendo el suficiente aire. A veces puede tener problemas respiratorios leves por una congestión nasal o hacer ejercicio muy intensamente. Pero la falta de aire también puede ser señal de una enfermedad seria.\nMuchas condiciones pueden hacer sentir que le falta el aire:\n• Problemas de los pulmones como asma, enfisema o neumonía\n• Problemas de su tráquea o en los bronquios, que son parte de su sistema respiratorio\n• Las enfermedades cardíacas pueden provocar falta de aire si su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suministrarle oxígeno al cuerpo\n• Ansiedad o ataque de pánico\n• Alergias\nSi usted tiene problemas para respirar en forma frecuente, es importante encontrar la causa.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0102","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"hiccups","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/hiccups","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R06.6","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD11.6","display":"Hiccough","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/798509501","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#798509501"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hiccough","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Sughiț","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hiccups","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schluckauf","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hoquet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hipo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Singhiozzo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Soluço","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Czkawka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Škytavka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Štikútka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Csuklás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λόξυγκας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Икота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гикавка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hıçkırık","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الفواق (الحازوقة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हिचकी","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"しゃっくり","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"딸꾹질","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"打嗝（呃逆）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Hiccups","text":"What are hiccups?\nHave you ever wondered what is happening when you hiccup? There are two parts to a hiccup. The first is an involuntary movement of your diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle at the base of your lungs. It is the main muscle used for breathing. The second part of a hiccup is a quick closing of your vocal cords. This is what causes the \"hic\" sound you make.\nWhat causes hiccups?\nHiccups can start and stop for no obvious reason. But they often happen when something irritates your diaphragm, such as:\n• Eating too quickly\n• Eating too much\n• Eating hot or spicy foods\n• Drinking alcohol\n• Drinking carbonated drinks\n• Diseases that irritate the nerves that control the diaphragm\n• Feeling nervous or excited\n• A bloated stomach\n• Certain medicines\n• Abdominal surgery\n• Metabolic disorders\n• Central nervous system disorders\nHow can I get rid of hiccups?\nHiccups usually go away on their own after a few minutes. You have probably heard different suggestions about how to cure hiccups. There is no proof that they work, but they are not harmful, so you could try them. They include:\n• Breathing into a paper bag\n• Drinking or sipping a glass of cold water\n• Holding your breath\n• Gargling with ice water\nWhat are the treatments for chronic hiccups?\nSome people have chronic hiccups. This means that the hiccups last more than a few days or keep coming back. Chronic hiccups can interfere with your sleep, eating, drinking, and talking. If you have chronic hiccups, contact your health care provider. If you have a condition that is causing the hiccups, treating that condition may help. Otherwise, treatment options include medicines, surgery, and other procedures.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/hiccups.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Hipo","text":"¿Qué es el hipo?\n¿Se ha preguntado alguna vez qué pasa cuando tiene hipo? El hipo consiste de dos partes. La primera es un movimiento involuntario de su diafragma, el músculo que se encuentra debajo de los pulmones. Es el principal músculo que se utiliza para respirar. La segunda parte del hipo consiste en un cierre rápido de sus cuerdas vocales. Esto es lo que causa el sonido \"hip\" del hipo.\n¿Qué causa el hipo?\nEl hipo puede comenzar y terminar sin una causa aparente. Pero a menudo ocurre cuando algo irrita su diafragma, como:\n• Comer demasiado rápido\n• Comer demasiado\n• Comer alimentos calientes o picantes\n• Beber alcohol\n• Tomar bebidas carbonatadas\n• Enfermedades que irritan los nervios que controlan el diafragma\n• Sentirse nervioso o emocionado\n• Hinchazón del estómago\n• Ciertos medicamentos\n• Cirugía abdominal\n• Trastornos metabólicos\n• Trastornos del sistema nervioso central\n¿Cómo puedo dejar de tener hipo?\nEl hipo suele desaparecer por sí solo después de unos minutos. Es probable que haya escuchado algunas sugerencias sobre cómo curar el hipo. No hay pruebas de que funcionen, pero no son dañinas, por lo que puede probarlas. Estas incluyen:\n• Respirar dentro de una bolsa de papel\n• Tomar o sorber agua fría de un vaso\n• Aguantar la respiración\n• Hacer gárgaras con agua helada\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipo?\nAlgunas personas tienen hipo crónico. Esto significa que el hipo dura más de unos días o puede volver. El hipo crónico puede interferir con el sueño, comer, beber y hablar. Si tiene hipo crónico, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Si tiene una afección que está causando el hipo, el tratamiento puede ayudar. De lo contrario, las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otros procedimientos.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiccups.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0103","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"sneezing","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/sneezing","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R06.7","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD11.A","display":"Sneezing","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1255375913","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1255375913"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sneezing","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Strănut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sneezing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Niesen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Éternuements","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Estornudos","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Starnuti","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Espirros","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kichanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kýchání","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kýchanie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tüsszögés","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φτάρνισμα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Чихание","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Чхання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hapşırma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"العطس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"छींक आना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"くしゃみ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"재채기","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"打喷嚏","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0104","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"sore-throat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/sore-throat","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R07.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD36.0","display":"Pain in throat","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/633724732","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#633724732"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pain in throat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere în gât","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Sore throat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Halsschmerzen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mal de gorge","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor de garganta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mal di gola","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor de garganta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból gardła","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest v krku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť hrdla","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Torokfájás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πονόλαιμος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в горле","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у горлі","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Boğaz ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم الحلق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"गले में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"のどの痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인후통(목 통증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"咽喉痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Sore Throat","text":"Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx (also called the voice box). The technical name for the throat is pharynx.\nYou can have a sore throat for many reasons. Often, colds and flu cause sore throats. Other causes can include:\n• Allergies\n• Mononucleosis\n• Smoking\n• Strep throat\n• Tonsillitis\nTreatment depends on the cause. Sucking on lozenges, drinking lots of liquids, and gargling may ease the pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help, but children should not take aspirin.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor de garganta","text":"Su garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida al esófago y el aire a su laringe, donde se encuentran las cuerdas vocales. Técnicamente, a la garganta se le llama faringe.\nSe puede tener dolor de garganta por varias razones. A menudo, la causa es un resfrío y una gripe. Otras causas incluyen:\n• Alergias\n• Mononucleosis\n• Fumar\n• Inflamación estreptocócica\n• Amigdalitis\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa. Chupar caramelos, tomar mucho líquido y hacer gárgaras puede aliviar el dolor. Analgésicos de venta libre pueden también ayudar, pero los niños no deben tomar aspirina.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0105","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"chest-pain-when-breathing","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/chest-pain-when-breathing","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R07.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD30.0","display":"Chest pain on breathing","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1083052714","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1083052714"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Chest pain on breathing","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere în piept la respirație","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Chest pain when breathing","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brustschmerzen beim Atmen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur thoracique à la respiration","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor torácico al respirar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore toracico durante la respirazione","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor no peito ao respirar","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból w klatce piersiowej przy oddychaniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest na hrudi při dýchání","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť na hrudi pri dýchaní","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Légzéskor jelentkező mellkasi fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος στο στήθος κατά την αναπνοή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в груди при дыхании","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у грудях під час дихання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nefes alırken göğüs ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم في الصدر عند التنفس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सांस लेते समय सीने में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"呼吸時の胸痛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"숨 쉴 때 가슴 통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"呼吸时胸痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0106","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"pain-over-the-heart-precordial-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/pain-over-the-heart-precordial-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R07.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MC86","display":"Precordial pain","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/874725975","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#874725975"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Precordial pain","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere în zona inimii (durere precordială)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pain over the heart (precordial pain)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schmerzen in der Herzgegend","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur précordiale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor precordial","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore precordiale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor precordial","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból w okolicy serca (przedsercowy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest v oblasti srdce (prekordiální)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť v oblasti srdca (prekordiálna)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szív tájéki fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Προκάρδιο άλγος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в области сердца","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у ділянці серця","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kalp bölgesinde ağrı (prekordiyal ağrı)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم في منطقة القلب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"हृदय क्षेत्र में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"前胸部痛（心臓部の痛み）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심장 부위 통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"心前区疼痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Chest Pain","text":"Having a pain in your chest can be scary. It does not always mean that you are having a heart attack. There can be many other causes, including:\n• Other heart problems, such as angina\n• Panic attacks\n• Digestive problems, such as heartburn or esophagus disorders\n• Sore muscles\n• Lung diseases, such as pneumonia, pleurisy, or pulmonary embolism\n• Costochondritis - an inflammation of joints in your chest\nSome of these problems can be serious. Get immediate medical care if you have chest pain that does not go away, crushing pain or pressure in the chest, or chest pain along with nausea, sweating, dizziness or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the cause of the pain.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor de pecho","text":"Tener dolor en el pecho puede asustarlo. Pero no significa que usted esté sufriendo un ataque al corazón. Hay muchas otras razones:\n• Otros problemas del corazón como la angina\n• Ataques de pánico\n• Problemas digestivos como acidez o enfermedades del esófago\n• Músculos adoloridos\n• Enfermedades de los pulmones, como neumonía, pleuresía o embolismo pulmonar\n• Costocondritis: una inflamación de las articulaciones del pecho\nAlgunos de estos problemas pueden ser serios. Solicite atención médica urgente si el dolor de pecho no se va, si siente presión o compresión o si el dolor de pecho viene acompañado de náusea, sudor, mareo o falta de aire. El tratamiento del dolor de pecho dependerá de la causa del dolor.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0107","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"asphyxia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/asphyxia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R09.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD11.1","display":"Asphyxia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2008663041","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2008663041"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Asphyxia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Asfixie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Asphyxia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erstickung (Asphyxie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Asphyxie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Asfixia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Asfissia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Asfixia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Uduszenie (asfiksja)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dušení (asfyxie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dusenie (asfyxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fulladás (asphyxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ασφυξία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Асфиксия (удушье)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Асфіксія (задуха)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Boğulma (asfiksi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"اختناق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्वासावरोध (दम घुटना)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"窒息","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"질식","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"窒息","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0108","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"pleurisy","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/pleurisy","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R09.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD31","display":"Pleurisy","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/317852053","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#317852053"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pleurisy","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Pleurezie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pleurisy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rippenfellentzündung (Pleuritis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pleurésie","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pleuresía","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pleurite","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pleurisia","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zapalenie opłucnej","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zánět pohrudnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápal pohrudnice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mellhártyagyulladás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πλευρίτιδα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Плеврит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Плеврит","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Plörezi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"التهاب الجنبة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फुफ्फुसावरण शोथ (प्लूरिसी)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"胸膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"흉막염","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胸膜炎","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0109","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"respiratory-arrest","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/respiratory-arrest","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R09.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD33","display":"Respiratory arrest","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1717524844","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1717524844"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Respiratory arrest","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Stop respirator","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Respiratory arrest","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atemstillstand","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Arrêt respiratoire","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paro respiratorio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Arresto respiratorio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Parada respiratória","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zatrzymanie oddechu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zástava dechu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zastavenie dýchania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Légzésleállás","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αναπνευστική ανακοπή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Остановка дыхания","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зупинка дихання","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Solunum durması","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"توقف التنفس","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्वसन रुकना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"呼吸停止","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"호흡 정지","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"呼吸停止","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0110","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"abnormal-sputum-phlegm","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/abnormal-sputum-phlegm","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R09.3","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD10","display":"Abnormal sputum","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/51680510","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#51680510"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abnormal sputum","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Spută anormală (flegmă)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Abnormal sputum (phlegm)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Auffälliger Auswurf","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Expectorations anormales","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Esputo anormal (flema)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Espettorato anomalo (catarro)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Expetoração anormal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieprawidłowa plwocina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Abnormální hlen (sputum)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Abnormálny hlien (spútum)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kóros köpet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παθολογικά πτύελα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Патологическая мокрота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Патологічне мокротиння","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anormal balgam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بلغم غير طبيعي","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"असामान्य बलगम","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"異常な痰","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비정상적인 가래","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"异常痰液","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0111","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"acute-abdomen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/acute-abdomen","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R10.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD81.3","display":"Acute abdomen","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/245796173","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#245796173"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acute abdomen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Abdomen acut","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Acute abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Akutes Abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Abdomen aigu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Abdomen agudo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Addome acuto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Abdome agudo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ostry brzuch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Náhlá příhoda břišní","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Akútne brucho","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Akut has","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οξεία κοιλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Острый живот","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гострий живіт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Akut karın","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"البطن الحاد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"तीव्र उदर","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"急性腹症","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"급성 복증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"急腹症","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Abdominal Pain","text":"Your abdomen extends from below your chest to your groin. Some people call it the stomach, but your abdomen contains many other important organs. Pain in the abdomen can come from any one of them. The pain may start somewhere else, such as your chest. Severe pain doesn't always mean a serious problem. Nor does mild pain mean a problem is not serious.\nCall your health care provider if mild pain lasts a week or more or if you have pain with other symptoms. Get medical help immediately if:\n• You have abdominal pain that is sudden and sharp\n• You also have pain in your chest, neck or shoulder\n• You're vomiting blood or have blood in your stool\n• Your abdomen is stiff, hard and tender to touch\n• You can't move your bowels, especially if you're also vomiting","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor abdominal","text":"El abdomen se extiende desde abajo del pecho hasta la ingle. Algunas personas lo llaman estómago, pero el abdomen contiene muchos otros órganos importantes. El dolor abdominal puede provenir de cualquiera de ellos. El dolor puede comenzar en algún otro lugar como, por ejemplo, el pecho. Un dolor severo no siempre indica un problema grave, y un dolor leve no significa que el problema no es serio.\nSi el dolor leve persiste por una semana o más, o si se acompaña de otros síntomas, llame a un profesional de la salud. Obtenga ayuda médica inmediata si:\n• Tiene un dolor abdominal repentino e intenso\n• También tiene dolor en el pecho, el cuello o el hombro\n• Vomita sangre u observa sangre en las evacuaciones\n• Tiene el abdomen rígido, duro y sensible al tacto\n• No puede evacuar (mover el intestino), especialmente si además tiene vómitos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0112","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"upper-abdominal-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/upper-abdominal-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R10.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD81.10","display":"Pain localised to upper abdomen","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1810710745","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1810710745"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pain localised to upper abdomen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere în partea de sus a abdomenului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Upper abdominal pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schmerzen im Oberbauch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur dans le haut du ventre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor en la parte superior del abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore nella parte alta dell'addome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor na parte superior do abdome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból w nadbrzuszu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest v nadbřišku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť v nadbrušku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Felhasi fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος στην άνω κοιλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в верхней части живота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у верхній частині живота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Üst karın ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم في أعلى البطن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट के ऊपरी हिस्से में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"上腹部の痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"윗배 통증(상복부 통증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"上腹痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Abdominal Pain","text":"Your abdomen extends from below your chest to your groin. Some people call it the stomach, but your abdomen contains many other important organs. Pain in the abdomen can come from any one of them. The pain may start somewhere else, such as your chest. Severe pain doesn't always mean a serious problem. Nor does mild pain mean a problem is not serious.\nCall your health care provider if mild pain lasts a week or more or if you have pain with other symptoms. Get medical help immediately if:\n• You have abdominal pain that is sudden and sharp\n• You also have pain in your chest, neck or shoulder\n• You're vomiting blood or have blood in your stool\n• Your abdomen is stiff, hard and tender to touch\n• You can't move your bowels, especially if you're also vomiting","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor abdominal","text":"El abdomen se extiende desde abajo del pecho hasta la ingle. Algunas personas lo llaman estómago, pero el abdomen contiene muchos otros órganos importantes. El dolor abdominal puede provenir de cualquiera de ellos. El dolor puede comenzar en algún otro lugar como, por ejemplo, el pecho. Un dolor severo no siempre indica un problema grave, y un dolor leve no significa que el problema no es serio.\nSi el dolor leve persiste por una semana o más, o si se acompaña de otros síntomas, llame a un profesional de la salud. Obtenga ayuda médica inmediata si:\n• Tiene un dolor abdominal repentino e intenso\n• También tiene dolor en el pecho, el cuello o el hombro\n• Vomita sangre u observa sangre en las evacuaciones\n• Tiene el abdomen rígido, duro y sensible al tacto\n• No puede evacuar (mover el intestino), especialmente si además tiene vómitos","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0113","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"pelvic-and-perineal-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/pelvic-and-perineal-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R10.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD81.11","display":"Pelvic or perineal pain","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/524292134","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#524292134"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere pelviană și perineală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Pelvic and perineal pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schmerzen im Becken und Damm","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur pelvienne et périnéale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor pélvico y perineal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore pelvico e perineale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor pélvica e perineal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból miednicy i krocza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest pánve a hráze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť panvy a hrádze","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kismedencei és gáttájéki fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πυελικός και περινεϊκός πόνος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль в области таза и промежности","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль у ділянці таза та промежини","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pelvik ve perine ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم الحوض والعجان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"श्रोणि और मूलाधार क्षेत्र में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"骨盤部・会陰部の痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"골반 및 회음부 통증","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"盆腔和会阴痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pelvic Pain","text":"Pelvic pain occurs mostly in the lower abdomen area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. It can be a sharp and stabbing pain in a specific spot, or a dull pain that is spread out. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of your daily activities.\nIf you're a woman, you might feel pain during your period. It could also happen when you have sex. Pelvic pain can be a sign that there is a problem with one of the organs in your pelvic area, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, or vagina. If you're a man, the cause could be a problem with the prostate. In men and women, it could be a symptom of infection, or a problem with the urinary tract, lower intestines, rectum, muscle, or bone. Some women have more than one cause of pelvic pain at the same time.\nYou might have to have lab, imaging, or other medical tests to find the cause of the pain. The treatment will depend on the cause, how bad the pain is, and how often it occurs.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor pélvico","text":"El dolor pélvico ocurre principalmente en la parte baja del abdomen. El dolor puede ser constante o aparecer y desaparecer. Puede ser un dolor intenso y punzante en un lugar específico, o una molestia tenue en un área amplia de la pelvis. Si el dolor es fuerte, puede interferir con las actividades cotidianas.\nSi usted es mujer, puede sentir dolor durante el período menstrual. También puede ocurrir cuando tiene relaciones sexuales. El dolor pélvico puede ser un signo de que existe un problema con uno de los órganos de la región pélvica, como el útero, los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio, el cuello uterino o la vagina. Si es hombre, puede deberse a un problema de la próstata. En hombres y mujeres, puede ser un síntoma de infección o de problemas en las vías urinarias, el intestino, el recto, los músculos o los huesos. Algunas mujeres pueden presentar más de una causa de dolor pélvico al mismo tiempo.\nQuizá deba someterse a exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen u otras pruebas médicas para encontrar la causa del dolor. El tratamiento dependerá de la causa, la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0114","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"lower-abdominal-pain","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/lower-abdominal-pain","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R10.3","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD81.12","display":"Pain localised to other parts of lower abdomen","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/2047598004","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#2047598004"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pain localised to other parts of lower abdomen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Durere în partea de jos a abdomenului","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Lower abdominal pain","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Schmerzen im Unterbauch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Douleur dans le bas du ventre","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolore nella parte bassa dell'addome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dor na parte inferior do abdome","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ból w podbrzuszu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bolest v podbřišku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bolesť v podbrušku","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alhasi fájdalom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πόνος στην κάτω κοιλία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Боль внизу живота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біль унизу живота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alt karın ağrısı","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ألم في أسفل البطن","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेट के निचले हिस्से में दर्द","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"下腹部の痛み","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아랫배 통증(하복부 통증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"下腹痛","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Pelvic Pain","text":"Pelvic pain occurs mostly in the lower abdomen area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. It can be a sharp and stabbing pain in a specific spot, or a dull pain that is spread out. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of your daily activities.\nIf you're a woman, you might feel pain during your period. It could also happen when you have sex. Pelvic pain can be a sign that there is a problem with one of the organs in your pelvic area, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, or vagina. If you're a man, the cause could be a problem with the prostate. In men and women, it could be a symptom of infection, or a problem with the urinary tract, lower intestines, rectum, muscle, or bone. Some women have more than one cause of pelvic pain at the same time.\nYou might have to have lab, imaging, or other medical tests to find the cause of the pain. The treatment will depend on the cause, how bad the pain is, and how often it occurs.\nNIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Dolor pélvico","text":"El dolor pélvico ocurre principalmente en la parte baja del abdomen. El dolor puede ser constante o aparecer y desaparecer. Puede ser un dolor intenso y punzante en un lugar específico, o una molestia tenue en un área amplia de la pelvis. Si el dolor es fuerte, puede interferir con las actividades cotidianas.\nSi usted es mujer, puede sentir dolor durante el período menstrual. También puede ocurrir cuando tiene relaciones sexuales. El dolor pélvico puede ser un signo de que existe un problema con uno de los órganos de la región pélvica, como el útero, los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio, el cuello uterino o la vagina. Si es hombre, puede deberse a un problema de la próstata. En hombres y mujeres, puede ser un síntoma de infección o de problemas en las vías urinarias, el intestino, el recto, los músculos o los huesos. Algunas mujeres pueden presentar más de una causa de dolor pélvico al mismo tiempo.\nQuizá deba someterse a exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen u otras pruebas médicas para encontrar la causa del dolor. El tratamiento dependerá de la causa, la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0115","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"enlarged-liver-hepatomegaly","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/enlarged-liver-hepatomegaly","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R16.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME10.00","display":"Hepatomegaly, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/690435214","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#690435214"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hepatomegaly, not elsewhere classified","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Ficat mărit (hepatomegalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergrößerte Leber (Hepatomegalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Foie augmenté de volume (hépatomégalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hígado agrandado (hepatomegalia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fegato ingrossato (epatomegalia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fígado aumentado (hepatomegalia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powiększenie wątroby","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zvětšená játra (hepatomegalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zväčšená pečeň (hepatomegália)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Megnagyobbodott máj","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διόγκωση ήπατος (ηπατομεγαλία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Увеличение печени (гепатомегалия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Збільшення печінки (гепатомегалія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karaciğer büyümesi (hepatomegali)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تضخم الكبد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बढ़ा हुआ यकृत (हेपेटोमेगाली)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"肝腫大","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"간비대","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"肝肿大","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0116","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R16.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME10.01","display":"Splenomegaly, not elsewhere classified","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1282210072","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1282210072"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Splenomegaly, not elsewhere classified","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Splină mărită (splenomegalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vergrößerte Milz (Splenomegalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rate augmentée de volume (splénomégalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bazo agrandado (esplenomegalia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Milza ingrossata (splenomegalia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Baço aumentado (esplenomegalia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Powiększenie śledziony","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zvětšená slezina (splenomegalie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zväčšená slezina (splenomegália)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Megnagyobbodott lép","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διόγκωση σπλήνα (σπληνομεγαλία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Увеличение селезёнки (спленомегалия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Збільшення селезінки (спленомегалія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dalak büyümesi (splenomegali)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تضخم الطحال","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बढ़ी हुई तिल्ली (स्प्लेनोमेगाली)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"脾腫","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비장비대","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"脾肿大","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0124","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"change-in-bowel-habits","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/change-in-bowel-habits","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R19.4","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"ME05.Z","display":"Change in bowel habit, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1625302107/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1625302107/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Schimbarea tranzitului intestinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Change in bowel habits","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Veränderte Stuhlgewohnheiten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Modification du transit intestinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cambio en el hábito intestinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Alterazione dell'alvo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alteração do hábito intestinal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zmiana rytmu wypróżnień","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Změna vyprazdňování","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zmena vyprázdňovania","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Megváltozott székelési szokások","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλλαγή στις συνήθειες του εντέρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Изменение характера стула","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зміна характеру випорожнень","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bağırsak alışkanlığında değişiklik","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تغير في عادات التبرز","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मल त्याग की आदत में बदलाव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"便通の変化","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"배변 습관의 변화","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"排便习惯改变","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0125","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"bad-breath-halitosis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/bad-breath-halitosis","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R19.6","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MD94","display":"Halitosis","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1896266034","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1896266034"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Halitosis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Respirație urât mirositoare (halitoză)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Bad breath (halitosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mundgeruch","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mauvaise haleine (halitose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mal aliento (halitosis)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Alito cattivo (alitosi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mau hálito (halitose)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nieświeży oddech","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zápach z úst","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zápach z úst","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rossz lehelet","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κακοσμία του στόματος","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неприятный запах изо рта","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Неприємний запах з рота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ağız kokusu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"رائحة الفم الكريهة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सांसों की बदबू","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"口臭","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"입 냄새(구취)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"口臭","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Bad Breath","text":"There are many reasons why you might have bad breath. You can get it if you don't brush and floss regularly. Bacteria that build up in your mouth and between your teeth produce the bad odor. Other problems in your mouth, such as gum disease, dry mouth, or cavities, may also cause it. Sinusitis or problems with your nose may be to blame. You can also have bad breath if you eat some foods, like raw onions, garlic, or cabbage. And of course smoking causes its own bad smell. Some diseases and medicines can cause a specific breath odor.\nHaving good dental habits, like brushing and flossing regularly, help fight bad breath. Mouthwashes, mints or chewing gum may make your breath fresher. If you have a disease that causes the bad breath, treating the disease may help give you fresher breath.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Mal aliento","text":"Hay muchas razones por las cuales usted puede tener mal aliento. Puede ser porque no se cepilla o no usa el hilo dental frecuentemente. La bacteria que se acumula en su boca y entre los dientes produce mal olor. Otras causas pueden ser enfermedades de las encías, boca seca o caries, sinusitis u otros problemas con su nariz. Algunos alimentos también pueden causar mal aliento (o halitosis) como cebollas crudas, ajo o repollo. Por supuesto, fumar produce su propio mal olor. Así mismo, algunos medicamentos y enfermedades pueden causar un mal aliento característico.\nTener buenos hábitos dentales, como el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental, ayuda a combatir el mal aliento. Los enjuagues bucales, caramelos de menta o goma de mascar pueden refrescar su aliento. Si usted tiene una enfermedad que causa halitosis, tratarla puede mejorar su aliento.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0164","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"distorted-sense-of-taste-parageusia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/distorted-sense-of-taste-parageusia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R43.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB41.2","display":"Dysgeusia","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1320493037","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1320493037"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Gust distorsionat (parageuzie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Distorted sense of taste (parageusia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verzerrter Geschmackssinn (Parageusie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Goût déformé (paragueusie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gusto distorsionado (parageusia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gusto alterato (parageusia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paladar distorcido (parageusia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia smaku (parageuzja)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zkreslená chuť (parageuzie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Skreslená chuť (parageúzia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Torzult ízérzés (parageusia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαστρεβλωμένη γεύση (παραγευσία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Искажённый вкус (парагевзия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Спотворений смак (парагевзія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bozuk tat alma (parageuzi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تشوه حاسة التذوق","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्वाद का विकृत अनुभव","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"味の感じ方の異常（異味症）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"미각 착오(이상미각)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"味觉倒错","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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It might cause you to sweat, feel restless and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat. It can be a normal reaction to stress. For example, you might feel anxious when faced with a difficult problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an important decision. It can help you to cope. The anxiety may give you a boost of energy or help you focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, the fear is not temporary and can be overwhelming.\nWhat are anxiety disorders?\nAnxiety disorders are conditions in which you have anxiety that does not go away and can get worse over time. The symptoms can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships.\nWhat are the types of anxiety disorders?\nThere are several types of anxiety disorders, including:\n• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). People with GAD worry about ordinary issues such as health, money, work, and family. But their worries are excessive, and they have them almost every day for at least 6 months.\n• Panic disorder. People with panic disorder have panic attacks. These are sudden, repeated periods of intense fear when there is no danger. The attacks come on quickly and can last several minutes or more.\n• Phobias. People with phobias have an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. Their fear may be about spiders, flying, going to crowded places, or being in social situations (known as social anxiety).\nWhat causes anxiety disorders?\nThe cause of anxiety is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, stress, and your environment may play a role.\nWho is at risk for anxiety disorders?\nThe risk factors for the different types of anxiety disorders can vary. For example, GAD and phobias are more common in women, but social anxiety affects men and women equally. There are some general risk factors for all types of anxiety disorders, including:\n• Certain personality traits, such as being shy or withdrawn when you are in new situations or meeting new people\n• Traumatic events in early childhood or adulthood\n• Family history of anxiety or other mental disorders\n• Some physical health conditions, such as thyroid problems or arrhythmia\nWhat are the symptoms of anxiety disorders?\nThe different types of anxiety disorders can have different symptoms. But they all have a combination of:\n• Anxious thoughts or beliefs that are hard to control. They make you feel restless and tense and interfere with your daily life. They do not go away and can get worse over time.\n• Physical symptoms, such as a pounding or rapid heartbeat, unexplained aches and pains, dizziness, and shortness of breath\n• Changes in behavior, such as avoiding everyday activities you used to do\nUsing caffeine, other substances, and certain medicines can make your symptoms worse.\nHow are anxiety disorders diagnosed?\nTo diagnose anxiety disorders, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may also have a physical exam and lab tests to make sure that a different health problem is not the cause of your symptoms.\nIf you don't have another health problem, you will get a psychological evaluation. Your provider may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one.\nWhat are the treatments for anxiety disorders?\nThe main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy (talk therapy), medicines, or both:\n• Psychotherapy can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. To be effective, it should focus on your specific anxieties and needs. There are many types; some of the types used for anxiety disorders include:\n• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which teaches you different ways of thinking and behaving. It can help you change how you react to the things that cause you to feel fear and anxiety. It may include exposure therapy. This therapy focuses on having you confront your fears so that you will be able to do the things that you had been avoiding.\n• Acceptance and commitment therapy may help with some anxiety disorders. It uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce discomfort and anxiety.\n• Medicines to treat anxiety disorders include anti-anxiety medicines and certain antidepressants. Some types of medicines may work better for specific types of anxiety disorders. You should work closely with your provider to identify which medicine is best for you. You may need to try more than one medicine before you can find the right one.\nSupport groups and stress management techniques may also be helpful.\nNIH: National Institute of Mental Health","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Ansiedad","text":"¿Qué es la ansiedad?\nLa ansiedad es un sentimiento de miedo, temor e inquietud. Puede hacer que sude, se sienta inquieto y tenso, y tener palpitaciones. Puede ser una reacción normal al estrés. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse ansioso cuando se enfrenta a un problema difícil en el trabajo, antes de tomar un examen o antes de tomar una decisión importante. Si bien la ansiedad puede ayudar a enfrentar una situación, además de darle un impulso de energía o ayudarle a concentrarse, para las personas con trastornos de ansiedad el miedo no es temporal y puede ser abrumadora.\n¿Qué son los trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos trastornos de ansiedad son afecciones en las que la ansiedad no desaparece y puede empeorar con el tiempo. Los síntomas pueden interferir con las actividades diarias, como el desempeño en el trabajo, la escuela y las relaciones entre personas.\n¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad?\nExisten varios tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:\n• Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada: Las personas con este trastorno se preocupan por problemas comunes como la salud, el dinero, el trabajo y la familia. Pero sus preocupaciones son excesivas y las tienen casi todos los días durante al menos 6 meses\n• Trastorno de pánico: Las personas con trastorno de pánico sufren de ataques de pánico. Estos son repentinos y repetidos momentos de miedo intenso sin haber un peligro aparente. Los ataques se producen rápidamente y pueden durar varios minutos o más\n• Fobias: Las personas con fobias tienen un miedo intenso a algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. Su miedo puede ser por arañas, volar, ir a lugares concurridos o estar en situaciones sociales (conocida como ansiedad social)\n¿Qué causa los trastornos de ansiedad?\nNo se conoce la causa de la ansiedad. Factores como la genética, la biología y química del cerebro, el estrés y su entorno pueden tener un rol.\n¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos factores de riesgo para los diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden variar. Por ejemplo, el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y las fobias son más comunes en las mujeres, pero la ansiedad social afecta a hombres y mujeres por igual. Existen algunos factores de riesgo generales para todos los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:\n• Ciertos rasgos de personalidad, como ser tímido o retraído cuando está en situaciones nuevas o conoce personas nuevas\n• Eventos traumáticos en la primera infancia o la edad adulta\n• Antecedentes familiares de ansiedad u otros trastornos mentales\n• Algunas afecciones de salud física, como problemas de tiroides o arritmia\n¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden tener síntomas diferentes. Pero todos muestran una combinación de:\n• Pensamientos o creencias ansiosos difíciles de controlar: Le hacen sentir inquieto y tenso e interfieren con su vida diaria. No desaparecen y pueden empeorar con el tiempo\n• Síntomas físicos, como latidos cardíacos fuertes o rápidos, dolores y molestias inexplicables, mareos y falta de aire\n• Cambios en el comportamiento, como evitar las actividades cotidianas que solía hacer\nEl uso de cafeína, otras sustancias y ciertos medicamentos pueden empeorar sus síntomas.\n¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de ansiedad?\nPara diagnosticar los trastornos de ansiedad, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historial médico. También es posible que le hagan un examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio para verificar que otro problema de salud no sea la causa de sus síntomas.\nSi no tiene otro problema de salud, recibirá una evaluación psicológica. Su proveedor puede hacerlo, o puede ser derivado a un profesional de salud mental para ello.\n¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad?\nLos principales tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad son psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), medicamentos o ambos:\n• Psicoterapia: Puede ayudar a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y conductas preocupantes. Para que sea eficaz, debe centrarse en sus ansiedades y necesidades específicas. Hay muchos tipos; Algunos de los tipos utilizados para los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen:\n• Terapia cognitivo-conductual: Enseña diferentes formas de pensar y comportarse. Puede ayudarle a cambiar su forma de reaccionar ante las cosas que le provocan miedo y ansiedad. Puede incluir terapia de exposición, la que se enfoca en hacer que usted enfrente sus miedos para que pueda hacer las cosas que había estado evitando\n• Terapia de aceptación y compromiso: Puede ayudar con algunos trastornos de ansiedad. Utiliza estrategias como la atención plena y el establecimiento de objetivos para reducir el malestar y la ansiedad\n• Los medicamentos para tratar los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen medicamentos contra la ansiedad y ciertos antidepresivos. Algunos tipos de medicamentos pueden funcionar mejor para tipos específicos de trastornos de ansiedad. Debe comunicarse bien con su profesional de la salud para identificar qué medicamento es mejor para usted. Es posible que deba probar más de un medicamento antes de encontrar el correcto\nLos grupos de apoyo y las técnicas de manejo del estrés también pueden resultar útiles.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0181","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"talking-at-length-with-detail-that-hides-the-reason-for-the-visit","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/talking-at-length-with-detail-that-hides-the-reason-for-the-visit","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R46.7","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB25.00","display":"Circumstantiality","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/180029677","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#180029677"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Vorbire excesivă, cu detalii care ascund motivul consultației","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Talking at length with detail that hides the reason for the visit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Weitschweifigkeit, die den Grund des Besuchs verdeckt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prolixité masquant le motif de la consultation","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Verborrea y detalles que ocultan el motivo de la consulta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prolissità che nasconde il motivo della visita","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prolixidade que esconde o motivo da consulta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozwlekłość ukrywająca powód wizyty","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozvláčnost zastírající důvod návštěvy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rozvláčnosť zakrývajúca dôvod návštevy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"A látogatás okát elfedő szószátyárság","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πολυλογία που συσκοτίζει τον λόγο της επίσκεψης","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Многословность, скрывающая причину обращения","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Багатослівність, що приховує причину звернення","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Başvuru nedenini gizleyen aşırı ayrıntılı konuşma","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"الإسهاب والتفاصيل التي تخفي سبب الزيارة","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अत्यधिक बोलना जिससे आने का कारण छिप जाए","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"受診理由がわからなくなる冗長な話し方","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"방문 이유를 흐리는 장황한 말","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"言语冗长掩盖就诊原因","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0182","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"difficulty-using-or-understanding-language-dysphasia-aphasia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/difficulty-using-or-understanding-language-dysphasia-aphasia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R47.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA80.Z","display":"Speech or language disturbances, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/312794303/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#312794303/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Dificultate de a folosi sau înțelege limbajul (disfazie, afazie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Difficulty using or understanding language (dysphasia, aphasia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sprachstörung (Dysphasie, Aphasie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trouble du langage (dysphasie, aphasie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastorno del lenguaje (disfasia, afasia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Disturbo del linguaggio (disfasia, afasia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Distúrbio da linguagem (disfasia, afasia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zaburzenia mowy (dysfazja, afazja)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Porucha řeči (dysfázie, afázie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Porucha reči (dysfázia, afázia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Beszédzavar (diszfázia, afázia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαταραχή λόγου (δυσφασία, αφασία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушение речи (дисфазия, афазия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення мовлення (дисфазія, афазія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dil kullanma veya anlamada güçlük (disfazi, afazi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة في استخدام اللغة أو فهمها (حبسة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"भाषा बोलने या समझने में कठिनाई (वाचाघात)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"言葉を使う・理解することの障害（失語）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"언어 사용·이해 장애(실어증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"言语使用或理解困难（失语）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0183","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"slurred-or-unclear-speech-dysarthria","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/slurred-or-unclear-speech-dysarthria","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R47.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA80.2Z","display":"Dysarthria, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/15113838/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#15113838/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Vorbire neclară sau greoaie (dizartrie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Slurred or unclear speech (dysarthria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Verwaschene Sprache (Dysarthrie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à articuler (dysarthrie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Habla arrastrada o poco clara (disartria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linguaggio impastato (disartria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fala arrastada ou pouco clara (disartria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niewyraźna mowa (dyzartria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nezřetelná řeč (dysartrie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nezreteľná reč (dyzartria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Elmosódott beszéd (dizartria)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσαρθρία (ασαφής ομιλία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Невнятная речь (дизартрия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нечітке мовлення (дизартрія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Peltek veya anlaşılmaz konuşma (dizartri)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تلعثم أو عدم وضوح الكلام (عسر التلفظ)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"अस्पष्ट या लड़खड़ाती बोली","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ろれつが回らない（構音障害）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"불분명한 발음(구음장애)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"口齿不清（构音障碍）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Speech and Communication Disorders","text":"Many disorders can affect our ability to speak and communicate. They range from saying sounds incorrectly to being completely unable to speak or understand speech. Causes include:\n• Hearing disorders and deafness\n• Voice problems, such as dysphonia or those caused by cleft lip or palate\n• Speech problems like stuttering\n• Developmental disabilities\n• Learning disabilities\n• Autism spectrum disorder\n• Brain injury\n• Stroke\nSome speech and communication problems may be genetic. Often, no one knows the causes. By first grade, about 5% of children have noticeable speech disorders. Speech and language therapy can help.\nNIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Problemas del habla y de la comunicación","text":"Muchos problemas pueden afectar nuestra capacidad para hablar y comunicarnos. Varían desde decir las palabras de manera incorrecta hasta la incapacidad total para hablar o entender el habla. Entre las causas se incluyen:\n• Problemas auditivos y sordera\n• Problemas con la voz, como la disfonía o los problemas causados por el labio leporino o paladar hendido\n• Problemas del habla, como el tartamudeo\n• Discapacidades del desarrollo\n• Problemas de aprendizaje\n• Trastorno del espectro autista\n• Lesión cerebral\nAlgunos problemas del habla y la comunicación pueden ser genéticos. Frecuentemente, se desconocen las causas. En el primer grado de enseñanza, aproximadamente 5% de los niños tienen problemas del habla notorios. La terapia del habla y del lenguaje puede serles útil.\nNIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0184","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"difficulty-reading-dyslexia-alexia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/difficulty-reading-dyslexia-alexia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R48.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB4B.0","display":"Dyslexia and alexia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/724140102","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#724140102"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dyslexia and alexia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Dificultate la citire (dislexie, alexie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Difficulty reading (dyslexia, alexia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lesestörung (Dyslexie, Alexie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à lire (dyslexie, alexie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dificultad para leer (dislexia, alexia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difficoltà nella lettura (dislessia, alessia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dificuldade de leitura (dislexia, alexia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trudności w czytaniu (dysleksja, aleksja)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Potíže se čtením (dyslexie, alexie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ťažkosti s čítaním (dyslexia, alexia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Olvasási nehézség (diszlexia, alexia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκολία στην ανάγνωση (δυσλεξία, αλεξία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нарушение чтения (дислексия, алексия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Порушення читання (дислексія, алексія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Okuma güçlüğü (disleksi, aleksi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة القراءة (عسر القراءة)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पढ़ने में कठिनाई (डिस्लेक्सिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"読むことの障害（失読）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"읽기 장애(난독증, 실독증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阅读困难（诵读困难、失读）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0185","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"inability-to-recognise-objects-or-people-agnosia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/inability-to-recognise-objects-or-people-agnosia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R48.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB4B.1","display":"Agnosia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1315065296","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1315065296"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Agnosia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Incapacitatea de a recunoaște obiecte sau persoane (agnozie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Inability to recognise objects or people (agnosia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Unfähigkeit, Dinge oder Personen zu erkennen (Agnosie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Incapacité à reconnaître objets ou personnes (agnosie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Incapacidad para reconocer objetos o personas (agnosia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Incapacità di riconoscere oggetti o persone (agnosia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Incapacidade de reconhecer objetos ou pessoas (agnosia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niezdolność rozpoznawania przedmiotów lub osób (agnozja)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Neschopnost poznávat předměty nebo osoby (agnozie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Neschopnosť rozpoznávať predmety alebo osoby (agnózia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tárgyak vagy személyek felismerésének zavara (agnózia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αδυναμία αναγνώρισης αντικειμένων ή προσώπων (αγνωσία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неспособность узнавать предметы или людей (агнозия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нездатність упізнавати предмети або людей (агнозія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nesneleri veya kişileri tanıyamama (agnozi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"عدم القدرة على التعرف على الأشياء أو الأشخاص (العمه)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वस्तुओं या लोगों को पहचान न पाना (एग्नोसिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"物や人を認識できない（失認）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"사물이나 사람을 알아보지 못함(실인증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"不能认出物体或人（失认）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0186","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"difficulty-carrying-out-learned-movements-apraxia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/difficulty-carrying-out-learned-movements-apraxia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R48.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MB4A","display":"Apraxia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/986651951","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#986651951"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Apraxia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Dificultate în a efectua mișcări învățate (apraxie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Difficulty carrying out learned movements (apraxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Unfähigkeit, erlernte Bewegungen auszuführen (Apraxie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Difficulté à exécuter des gestes appris (apraxie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dificultad para realizar movimientos aprendidos (apraxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Difficoltà a eseguire movimenti appresi (aprassia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dificuldade em realizar movimentos aprendidos (apraxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trudność w wykonywaniu wyuczonych ruchów (apraksja)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Neschopnost provádět naučené pohyby (apraxie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Neschopnosť vykonávať naučené pohyby (apraxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tanult mozdulatok végrehajtásának zavara (apraxia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δυσκολία εκτέλεσης μαθημένων κινήσεων (απραξία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Неспособность выполнять заученные движения (апраксия)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нездатність виконувати завчені рухи (апраксія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Öğrenilmiş hareketleri yapmada güçlük (apraksi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"صعوبة أداء الحركات المكتسبة (اللاأدائية)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सीखी हुई गतिविधियाँ करने में कठिनाई (अप्रैक्सिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"習得した動作ができない（失行）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"익숙한 동작 수행 장애(실행증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"难以完成习得的动作（失用）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0187","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"hoarse-or-strained-voice-dysphonia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/hoarse-or-strained-voice-dysphonia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R49.0","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA82.1Z","display":"Dysphonia, unspecified","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/936462533/unspecified","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#936462533/unspecified"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Răgușeală sau voce forțată (disfonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Hoarse or strained voice (dysphonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Heiserkeit (Dysphonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Enrouement (dysphonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ronquera (disfonía)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Raucedine (disfonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rouquidão (disfonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Chrypka (dysfonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Chrapot (dysfonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zachrípnutie (dysfónia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rekedtség (diszfónia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βραχνάδα (δυσφωνία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осиплость голоса (дисфония)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Захриплість голосу (дисфонія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ses kısıklığı (disfoni)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بحة الصوت","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आवाज़ बैठना (डिस्फ़ोनिया)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"声がれ（発声障害）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"쉰 목소리(발성장애)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"声音嘶哑（发声困难）","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0188","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"loss-of-voice-aphonia","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/loss-of-voice-aphonia","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R49.1","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA82.0","display":"Aphonia","equivalence":"equivalent","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/1385858385","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1385858385"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aphonia","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Pierderea vocii (afonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Loss of voice (aphonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Stimmverlust (Aphonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Perte de la voix (aphonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pérdida de la voz (afonía)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Perdita della voce (afonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Perda da voz (afonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Utrata głosu (afonia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ztráta hlasu (afonie)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Strata hlasu (afónia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hangvesztés (afónia)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απώλεια φωνής (αφωνία)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Потеря голоса (афония)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Втрата голосу (афонія)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ses kaybı (afoni)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فقدان الصوت","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आवाज़ चली जाना","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"声が出ない（失声）","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"목소리 상실(실성증)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"失声","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0189","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"too-much-or-too-little-nasal-sound-in-the-voice","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/too-much-or-too-little-nasal-sound-in-the-voice","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R49.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MA82.2","display":"Nasality","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/641193392","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#641193392"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Voce prea nazală sau prea puțin nazală","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Too much or too little nasal sound in the voice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Offenes oder geschlossenes Näseln","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Voix trop ou pas assez nasale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Voz demasiado o poco nasal","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Voce troppo o poco nasale","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Voz nasal em excesso ou em falta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nosowanie otwarte lub zamknięte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Huhňavost otevřená nebo zavřená","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fňukavosť otvorená alebo zatvorená","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Orrhangzós vagy orrhang nélküli beszéd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υπερρινική ή υπορρινική φωνή","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Открытая или закрытая гнусавость","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Відкрита або закрита гугнявість","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sesin aşırı ya da az genizden gelmesi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"خنة زائدة أو ناقصة في الصوت","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आवाज़ में बहुत अधिक या बहुत कम नासिका ध्वनि","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"開鼻声・閉鼻声","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"과비음 또는 과소비음","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"鼻音过重或过轻","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. Source: WHO, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (2019).","ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"kind":"symptom","warning_signs":[]},{"concept_id":"SYM-0190","type":"symptom","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/symptom","slug":"fever-caused-by-a-medicine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/symptom/fever-caused-by-a-medicine","codes":[{"system":"http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-10","code":"R50.2","display":null,"equivalence":"equivalent"},{"system":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/mms","code":"MG26","display":"Fever of other or unknown origin","equivalence":"inexact","uri":"http://id.who.int/icd/release/11/2025-01/mms/915343154","url":"https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#915343154"}],"names":[{"lang":"ro","use":"preferred","text":"Febră provocată de un medicament","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"en","use":"lay","text":"Fever caused by a medicine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Medikamentenfieber","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fièvre médicamenteuse","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fiebre causada por un medicamento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febbre da farmaci","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febre causada por medicamento","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gorączka polekowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Horečka způsobená lékem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Horúčka spôsobená liekom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gyógyszer okozta láz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πυρετός από φάρμακο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лекарственная лихорадка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Медикаментозна гарячка","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İlaca bağlı ateş","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حمى ناتجة عن دواء","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"दवा से होने वाला बुखार","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"薬剤熱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"약물열","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"药物热","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[{"lang":"en","topic":"Fever","text":"A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 °F (37 °C). A fever is not a disease. It is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection.\nInfections cause most fevers. You get a fever because your body is trying to kill the virus or bacteria that caused the infection. Most of those bacteria and viruses do well when your body is at your normal temperature. But if you have a fever, it is harder for them to survive. Fever also activates your body's immune system.\nOther causes of fevers include:\n• Medicines, including some antibiotics, blood pressure medicines, and anti-seizure medicines\n• Heat illness\n• Cancers\n• Autoimmune diseases\n• Some childhood vaccines\nTreatment depends on the cause of your fever. If the fever is very high, your health care provider may recommend taking an over-the-counter medicine such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Adults can also take aspirin, but children with fevers should not take aspirin. It is also important to drink enough liquids, to prevent dehydration.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"},{"lang":"es","topic":"Fiebre","text":"La fiebre es una temperatura del cuerpo más elevada de lo normal. Una temperatura normal puede variar de persona a persona, pero generalmente es alrededor de 98.6 ºF o 37 ºC. La fiebre no es una enfermedad. Por lo general, es una señal de que su cuerpo está tratando de combatir una enfermedad o infección.\nLas infecciones causan la mayoría de las fiebres. Tiene fiebre porque su cuerpo está tratando de matar el virus o las bacterias que causaron la infección. La mayoría de estas bacterias y virus sobreviven bien cuando su cuerpo está a su temperatura normal. Pero si tiene fiebre, es más difícil para ellos sobrevivir. La fiebre también activa el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo.\nOtras causas de la fiebre incluyen:\n• Medicinas, incluyendo antibióticos, medicinas para la presión arterial y medicinas anticonvulsivas\n• Enfermedades por el calor\n• Cánceres\n• Enfermedades autoinmunes\n• Algunas vacunas para niños\nEl tratamiento depende de la causa de la fiebre. Si la fiebre es muy alta, su profesional de la salud puede recomendarle tomar medicinas de venta libre como el acetaminofén o el ibuprofén. Los adultos también pueden tomar aspirina, pero los niños con fiebre no deben tomar aspirina. También es importante beber suficientes líquidos para prevenir la deshidratación.","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html","source_id":"medlineplus-topics","review":"source_quoted"}],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.","ICD-10 codes and titles © World Health Organization. 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In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, TYMLOS reduces the risk of vertebral fractures and nonvertebral fractures. 1.2 Treatment to Increase Bone Density in Men with Osteoporosis at High Risk for Fracture TYMLOS is indicated to increase bone density in men with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture (defined as a history of osteoporotic fracture or multiple risk factors for fracture), or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=712143d9-e21e-4013-bb3b-3426a21060a8","document_date":"20260811","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0003","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"abatacept","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/abatacept","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"614391","display":"abatacept"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000701","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abatacept","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Abatacept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Abatasept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμπατασέπτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Абатацепт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Абатацепт","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Orencia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"abatacept","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Orencia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000701","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis Orencia, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for:  the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult patients who responded inadequately to previous therapy with one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate (MTX) or a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor. the treatment of highly active and progressive disease in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis not previously treated with methotrexate.  A reduction in the progression of joint damage and improvement of physical function have been demonstrated during combination treatment with abatacept and methotrexate. Psoriatic arthritis Orencia, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy including MTX has been inadequate, and for whom additional systemic therapy for psoriatic skin lesions is not required.  Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Orencia in combination with methotrexate is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in paediatric patients 2 years of age and older who have had an inadequate response to previous DMARD therapy. Orencia can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or when treatment with methotrexate is inappropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/orencia","document_date":"11/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Orencia — EPAR, 11/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ORENCIA","product_id":"0836c6ac-ee37-5640-2fed-a3185a0b16eb","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ORENCIA is a selective T cell costimulation modulator indicated for: • the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (1.1) • the treatment of patients 2 years of age and older with moderately to severely active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). (1.2) • the treatment of patients 2 years of age and older with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). (1.3) • the prophylaxis of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD), in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor and methotrexate, in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched or 1 allele-mismatched unrelated donor. (1.4) Limitations of Use: Concomitant use of ORENCIA with other immunosuppressives [e.g., biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDS), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors] is not recommended. ( 1.5 , 5.1) 1.1 Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis ORENCIA ® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1.2 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ORENCIA is indicated for the treatment of patients 2 years of age and older with moderately to severely active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). 1.3 Psoriatic Arthritis ORENCIA is indicated for the treatment of patients 2 years of age and older with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). 1.4 Prophylaxis for Acute Graft versus Host Disease ORENCIA is indicated for the prophylaxis of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD), in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor and methotrexate, in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched or 1 allele-mismatched unrelated-donor. 1.5 Limitations of Use The concomitant use of ORENCIA with other potent immunosuppressants [e.g., biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors] is not recommended.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0836c6ac-ee37-5640-2fed-a3185a0b16eb","document_date":"20251113","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0004","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"abemaciclib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/abemaciclib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1946825","display":"abemaciclib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004302","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abemaciclib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Abémaciclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Abemacyklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Abemaciklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Abemasiklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμπεμασικλίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Абемациклиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Абемацикліб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Verzenios"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"abemaciclib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Verzenios","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004302","lang":"en","text":"Early Breast Cancer Verzenios in combination with endocrine therapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative, node positive early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence (see section 5.1). In pre or perimenopausal women, aromatase inhibitor endocrine therapy should be combined with a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Verzenios is indicated for the treatment of women with hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant as initial endocrine-based therapy, or in women who have received prior endocrine therapy. In pre- or perimenopausal women, the endocrine therapy should be combined with a LHRH agonist.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/verzenios","document_date":"25/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Verzenios — EPAR, 25/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0005","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"abiraterone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/abiraterone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1100072","display":"abiraterone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002321","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005408","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005649","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005368","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Abiraterone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Abirateronă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Abirateron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Abiratérone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Abiraterona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Abiraterone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Abiraterona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Abirateron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Abirateron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Abiraterón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Abirateron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Abirateron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμπιρατερόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Абиратерон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Абіратерон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"abiraterone acetate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zytiga"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abiraterone Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abiraterone Krka"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abiraterone Mylan"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"abiraterone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zytiga","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002321","lang":"en","text":"Zytiga is indicated with prednisone or prednisolone for:  the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer in adult men who are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic after failure of androgen deprivation therapy in whom chemotherapy is not yet clinically indicated the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer in adult men whose disease has progressed on or after a docetaxel based chemotherapy regimen.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zytiga","document_date":"18/10/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zytiga — EPAR, 18/10/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ABIRATERONE ACETATE","product_id":"c1200e4e-c4f7-9067-e053-2a95a90af509","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Abiraterone acetate tablets are indicated in combination with prednisone for the treatment of patients with Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) Abiraterone acetate tablets are a CYP17 inhibitor indicated in combination with prednisone for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c1200e4e-c4f7-9067-e053-2a95a90af509","document_date":"20260811","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0006","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"aclidinium","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/aclidinium","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002211","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002706","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aclidinium","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aclidiniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aclidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aclidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aclidinio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aclidinio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aclidínio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aklidynium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aklidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aklidínium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aklidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aklidinyum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ακλιδίνιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аклидиний","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аклідиній","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"aclidinium bromide"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eklira Genuair"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bretaris Genuair"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tudorza Pressair"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"aclidinium","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Bretaris Genuair","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002706","lang":"en","text":"Bretaris Genuair is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/bretaris-genuair","document_date":"25/02/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Bretaris Genuair — EPAR, 25/02/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Eklira Genuair","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002211","lang":"en","text":"Eklira Genuair is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/eklira-genuair","document_date":"29/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Eklira Genuair — EPAR, 29/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tudorza Pressair","product_id":"6f92cceb-a63f-4470-99b6-56179d98f10f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TUDORZA® PRESSAIR® (aclidinium bromide inhalation powder) is indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TUDORZA PRESSAIR is an anticholinergic indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6f92cceb-a63f-4470-99b6-56179d98f10f","document_date":"20220801","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0007","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"adalimumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/adalimumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"327361","display":"adalimumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000481","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004212","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004279","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004865","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004320","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004429","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004475","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004879","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005188","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005947","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005548","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Adalimumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Adalimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αδαλιμουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Адалимумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Адалімумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アダリムマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아달리무맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿达木单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أداليموماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एडालिमुमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Humira"},{"lang":"en","text":"Amgevita"},{"lang":"en","text":"Imraldi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Hefiya"},{"lang":"en","text":"Hyrimoz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Hulio"},{"lang":"en","text":"Idacio"},{"lang":"en","text":"Amsparity"},{"lang":"en","text":"Yuflyma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Libmyris"},{"lang":"en","text":"Hukyndra"},{"lang":"en","text":"Adalimumab-aacf"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"adalimumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Humira","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000481","lang":"en","text":"Please refer to the product information document.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/humira","document_date":"14/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Humira — EPAR, 14/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Adalimumab-aacf","product_id":"2488b0bc-7b8f-4cc8-91ea-48e7ea5e8915","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Adalimumab-aacf is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ( 1.1 ): reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with moderately to severely active RA. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) ( 1.2 ): reducing signs and symptoms of moderately to severely active polyarticular JIA in patients 2 years of age and older. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) ( 1.3 ): reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with active PsA. Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) ( 1.4 ): reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with active AS. Crohn's Disease (CD) ( 1.5 ): treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) ( 1.6 ): treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients. Limitations of Use: Effectiveness has not been established in patients who have lost response to or were intolerant to TNF blockers. Plaque Psoriasis (Ps) ( 1.7 ): treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy, and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate. Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) ( 1.8 ): treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in adult patients. Uveitis (UV) ( 1.9 ): treatment of non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adult patients. 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. Adalimumab-aacf can be used alone or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). 1.2 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms of moderately to severely active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients 2 years of age and older. Adalimumab-aacf can be used alone or in combination with methotrexate. 1.3 Psoriatic Arthritis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis. Adalimumab-aacf can be used alone or in combination with non-biologic DMARDs. 1.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. 1.5 Crohn's Disease Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. 1.6 Ulcerative Colitis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients. Limitations of Use The effectiveness of adalimumab products has not been established in patients who have lost response to or were intolerant to TNF blockers [see Clinical Studies ( 14.7 )] . 1.7 Plaque Psoriasis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy, and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate. Adalimumab-aacf should only be administered to patients who will be closely monitored and have regular follow-up visits with a physician [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5 )] . 1.8 Hidradenitis Suppurativa Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in adult patients. 1.9 Uveitis Adalimumab-aacf is indicated for the treatment of non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adult patients.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2488b0bc-7b8f-4cc8-91ea-48e7ea5e8915","document_date":"20260108","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0008","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"aflibercept","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/aflibercept","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1232150","display":"aflibercept"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002392","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002532","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006339","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006022","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006056","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006150","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006607","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005980","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005899","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006745","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006192","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006761","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006438","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006282","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aflibercept","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aflibercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aflibersept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αφλιμπερσέπτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Афлиберцепт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Афліберцепт","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Eylea"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zaltrap"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pavblu"},{"lang":"en","text":"Yesafili"},{"lang":"en","text":"Opuviz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Afqlir"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ahzantive"},{"lang":"en","text":"Baiama"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eydenzelt"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eiyzey"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vgenfli"},{"lang":"en","text":"Afiveg"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mynzepli"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eyluxvi"},{"lang":"en","text":"EYLEA HD"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"aflibercept","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Eylea","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002392","lang":"en","text":"Eylea 114.3 mg/ml solution for injection and Eylea 114.3 mg/ml solution for injection in pre-filled syringe Eylea is indicated for adults for the treatment of  neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) visual impairment due to diabetic macular oedema (DME) visual impairment due to macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (branch, central and hemiretinal RVO)  Eylea 40 mg/mL solution for injection in pre-filled syringe Eylea is indicated for adults for the treatment of  neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) visual impairment due to macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (branch RVO or central RVO) visual impairment due to diabetic macular oedema (DME) visual impairment due to myopic choroidal neovascularisation (myopic CNV)  Eylea is indicated in preterm infants for the treatment of  retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with zone I (stage 1+, 2+, 3 or 3+), zone II (stage 2+ or 3+) or AP-ROP (aggressive posterior ROP) disease  Eylea 40 mg/mL solution for injection in a vial Eylea is indicated for adults for the treatment of  neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) visual impairment due to macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (branch RVO or central RVO) visual impairment due to diabetic macular oedema (DME) visual impairment due to myopic choroidal neovascularisation (myopic CNV)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/eylea","document_date":"21/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Eylea — EPAR, 21/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zaltrap","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002532","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zaltrap","document_date":"29/08/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zaltrap — EPAR, 29/08/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"EYLEA","product_id":"f96cfd69-da34-41ee-90a9-610a4655cd1c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE EYLEA is indicated for the treatment of: EYLEA is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with: Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) ( 1.1 ) Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) ( 1.2 ) Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) ( 1.3 ) Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) ( 1.4 ) Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) ( 1.5 ) 1.1 Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) 1.2 Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) 1.3 Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) 1.4 Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) 1.5 Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f96cfd69-da34-41ee-90a9-610a4655cd1c","document_date":"20260707","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0009","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"alemtuzumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/alemtuzumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"117055","display":"alemtuzumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003718","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alemtuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλεμτουζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Алемтузумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Алемтузумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Lemtrada"},{"lang":"en","text":"Campath"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"alemtuzumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lemtrada","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003718","lang":"en","text":"Lemtrada is indicated for adult patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with active disease defined by clinical or imaging features.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lemtrada","document_date":"27/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lemtrada — EPAR, 27/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Campath","product_id":"4f5f7255-7abc-4328-bd1a-ceaf139ef3e0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CAMPATH is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). CAMPATH is a CD52-directed cytolytic antibody indicated as a single agent for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4f5f7255-7abc-4328-bd1a-ceaf139ef3e0","document_date":"20251105","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0010","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"aliskiren","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/aliskiren","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"325646","display":"aliskiren"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000780","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aliskiren","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aliskireno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alisquireno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aliskirén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aliszkirén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aliskiren","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλισκιρένη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Алискирен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аліскірен","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rasilez"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"aliskiren","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rasilez","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000780","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of essential hypertension.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rasilez","document_date":"02/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rasilez — EPAR, 02/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ALISKIREN","product_id":"f3fd2503-25ef-4660-a29a-f62c491e28fb","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Aliskiren tablets are a renin inhibitor (RI) indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and in pediatric patients weighing 50 kg or greater who are at least 6 years of age, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. 1.1 Hypertension Aliskiren tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and in pediatric patients weighing 50 kg or greater who are at least 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes. There are no controlled trials demonstrating risk reduction with aliskiren tablets. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality have also been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (e.g., patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f3fd2503-25ef-4660-a29a-f62c491e28fb","document_date":"20221230","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0011","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"alogliptin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/alogliptin","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002182","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Alogliptin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alogliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλογλιπτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Алоглиптин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Алогліптин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"alogliptin benzoate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vipidia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"alogliptin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vipidia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002182","lang":"en","text":"Vipidia is indicated in adults aged 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control in combination with other glucose lowering medicinal products including insulin, when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vipidia","document_date":"21/07/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vipidia — EPAR, 21/07/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0012","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"alpelisib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/alpelisib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2169285","display":"alpelisib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004804","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006539","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Alpelisib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Alpélisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Alpelizib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Alpelisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αλπελισίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Алпелисиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Алпелісиб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Piqray"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vijoice"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"alpelisib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Piqray","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004804","lang":"en","text":"Piqray is indicated in combination with fulvestrant for the treatment of postmenopausal women, and men, with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with a PIK3CA mutation after disease progression following an endocrine-based regimen (see section 5.1 and for biomarker-based patient selection see section 4.2).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/piqray","document_date":"16/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Piqray — EPAR, 16/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vijoice","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006539","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adult and paediatric patients aged 2 years and older with severe or life-threatening manifestations of PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vijoice","document_date":"26/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vijoice — EPAR, 26/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PIQRAY","product_id":"b20b4e18-7a4b-4500-a08f-06c6dab0ee5b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PIQRAY is indicated in combination with fulvestrant for the treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer as detected by an FDA-approved test following progression on or after an endocrine-based regimen. PIQRAY is a kinase inhibitor indicated in combination with fulvestrant for the treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer as detected by an FDA-approved test following progression on or after an endocrine-based regimen.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b20b4e18-7a4b-4500-a08f-06c6dab0ee5b","document_date":"20251215","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0013","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"amifampridine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/amifampridine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2106338","display":"amifampridine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001032","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005839","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Amifampridine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Amifamprydyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amifampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμιφαμπριδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Амифампридин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аміфампридин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Firdapse (previously Zenas)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Amifampridine SERB"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"amifampridine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Firdapse (previously Zenas)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001032","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/firdapse","document_date":"18/12/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Firdapse (previously Zenas) — EPAR, 18/12/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0014","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"anakinra","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/anakinra","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"72435","display":"anakinra"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000363","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Anakinra","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Anacinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anakinra","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανακίνρα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Анакинра","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Анакінра","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kineret"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"anakinra","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kineret","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000363","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Kineret is indicated in adults for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of RA in combination with methotrexate, with an inadequate response to methotrexate alone. COVID-19 Kineret is indicated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adult patients with pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen (low- or high-flow oxygen) who are at risk of progressing to severe respiratory failure determined by plasma concentration of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) ? 6 ng/ml. Periodic fever syndromes Kineret is indicated for the treatment of the following autoinflammatory periodic fever syndromes in adults, adolescents, children and infants aged 8 months and older with a body weight of 10 kg or above: Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) Kineret is indicated for the treatment of CAPS, including:  Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID) / Chronic Infantile Neurological, Cutaneous, Articular Syndrome (CINCA) Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS) Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS)  Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Kineret is indicated for the treatment of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Kineret should be given in combination with colchicine, if appropriate. Still’s Disease Kineret is indicated in adults, adolescents, children and infants aged 8 months and older with a body weight of 10 kg or above for the treatment of Still’s disease, including Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) and Adult-Onset Still’s Disease (AOSD), with active systemic features of moderate to high disease activity, or in patients with continued disease activity after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or glucocorticoids. Kineret can be given as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kineret","document_date":"09/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kineret — EPAR, 09/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Kineret","product_id":"d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE KINERET is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist indicated for: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Reduction in signs and symptoms and slowing the progression of structural damage in moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis, in patients 18 years of age or older who have failed 1 or more disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ( 1.1 ) Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) Treatment of Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID) ( 1.2 ) Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) Treatment of Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Active Rheumatoid Arthritis KINERET is indicated for the reduction in signs and symptoms and slowing the progression of structural damage in moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in patients 18 years of age or older who have failed 1 or more disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). KINERET can be used alone or in combination with DMARDs other than Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) blocking agents [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. 1.2 Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) KINERET is indicated for the treatment of Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID). 1.3 Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) KINERET is indicated for the treatment of Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de","document_date":"20260403","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0015","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"angiotensin-ii","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/angiotensin-ii","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1999003","display":"angiotensin II"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004930","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Angiotensin II","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensină II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensin II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensine II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensina II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensina II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensina II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Angiotensyna II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Angiotenzin II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Angiotenzín II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Angiotenzin II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anjiyotensin II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αγγειοτασίνη ΙΙ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ангиотензин II","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ангіотензин II","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Giapreza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0272","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hypotension — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"angiotensin II","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Giapreza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004930","lang":"en","text":"Giapreza is indicated for the treatment of refractory hypotension in adults with septic or other distributive shock who remain hypotensive despite adequate volume restitution and application of catecholamines and other available vasopressor therapies.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/giapreza","document_date":"09/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Giapreza — EPAR, 09/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Giapreza","product_id":"c265d69a-3efe-4107-9a9e-e6fd3d531c48","lang":"en","text":"1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE GIAPREZA increases blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock [see Clinical Studies (14)] . GIAPREZA is a vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c265d69a-3efe-4107-9a9e-e6fd3d531c48","document_date":"20260722","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0016","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"anidulafungin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/anidulafungin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"341018","display":"anidulafungin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000788","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Anidulafungin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anidulafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανιδουλαφουγκίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Анидулафунгин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Анідулафунгін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ecalta"},{"lang":"en","text":"ERAXIS"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0043","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"anidulafungin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ecalta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000788","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of invasive candidiasis in adults and paediatric patients aged 1 month to < 18 years.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ecalta","document_date":"09/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ecalta — EPAR, 09/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ERAXIS","product_id":"a88d9010-55fb-4a02-baff-042cd27688ea","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ERAXIS is an echinocandin antifungal indicated for the treatment of the following infections: • Candidemia and other forms of Candida infections (intra-abdominal abscess and peritonitis) in adults and pediatric patients (1 month of age and older) ( 1.1 ) • Esophageal candidiasis in adults ( 1.2 ) Limitations of use • ERAXIS has not been studied in adult and pediatric patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis due to Candida or in sufficient numbers of neutropenic patients. The dosage of ERAXIS for the treatment of Candida dissemination into the CNS and the eye has not been established. ( 1.3 , 5.3 , 8.4 ) • ERAXIS is associated with high relapse rates in esophageal candidiasis. ( 1.3 , 14.2 ) 1.1 Candidemia and Other Forms of Candida Infections (Intra-abdominal Abscess and Peritonitis) ERAXIS is indicated for the treatment of candidemia and the following Candida infections: intra-abdominal abscess and peritonitis in adults and pediatric patients 1 month of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1) and Microbiology (12.4) ] . 1.2 Esophageal Candidiasis ERAXIS is indicated for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in adults [see Indications and Usage (1.3) , Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . 1.3 Limitations of Use • ERAXIS has not been studied in adult and pediatric patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis due to Candida , and has not been studied in sufficient numbers of neutropenic patients to determine efficacy in this group. The dosage of ERAXIS for the treatment of Candida dissemination into the CNS and the eye has not been established [see Warning and Precautions (5.3) , Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ] . • ERAXIS is associated with high relapse rates in esophageal candidiasis [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . 1.4 Usage Specimens for fungal culture and other relevant laboratory studies (including histopathology) should be obtained prior to therapy to isolate and identify causative organism(s). Therapy may be instituted before the results of the cultures and other laboratory studies are known. However, once these results become available, antifungal therapy should be adjusted accordingly.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a88d9010-55fb-4a02-baff-042cd27688ea","document_date":"20250819","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0017","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"anifrolumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/anifrolumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2565265","display":"anifrolumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004975","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Anifrolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανιφρολουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Анифролумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аніфролумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Saphnelo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"anifrolumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Saphnelo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004975","lang":"en","text":"Saphnelo is indicated as an add-on therapy for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe, active autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite standard therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/saphnelo","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Saphnelo — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0018","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"apalutamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/apalutamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1999574","display":"apalutamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004452","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Apalutamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Apalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απαλουταμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Апалутамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Апалутамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Erleada"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"apalutamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Erleada","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004452","lang":"en","text":"Erleada is indicated:  in adult men for the treatment of non metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) who are at high risk of developing metastatic disease. in adult men for the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/erleada","document_date":"22/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Erleada — EPAR, 22/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ERLEADA","product_id":"d1cda4f7-cb33-46ea-b9ac-431f6452b1a5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ERLEADA is indicated for the treatment of patients with Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) ERLEADA is an androgen receptor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. ( 1 ) non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d1cda4f7-cb33-46ea-b9ac-431f6452b1a5","document_date":"20260702","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0019","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"apremilast","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/apremilast","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1492727","display":"apremilast"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003746","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006208","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Apremilast","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aprémilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Apremilaste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Apremilaszt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Apremilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απρεμιλάστη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Апремиласт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Апреміласт","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Otezla"},{"lang":"en","text":"Apremilast Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"apremilast","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Otezla","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003746","lang":"en","text":"Psoriatic arthritisOtezla, alone or in combination with Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adult patients who have had an inadequate response or who have been intolerant to a prior DMARD therapy. PsoriasisOtezla is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis (PSOR) in adult patients who failed to respond to or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapy including cyclosporine, methotrexate or psoralen and ultraviolet-A light (PUVA). Paediatric psoriasisOtezla is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from the age of 6 years and weighing at least 20 kg who are candidates for systemic therapy.Behçet’s diseaseOtezla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with oral ulcers associated with Behçet’s disease (BD) who are candidates for systemic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/otezla","document_date":"04/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Otezla — EPAR, 04/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Otezla","product_id":"f6b1f516-4972-4d82-bced-113e47b41cc5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE OTEZLA/OTEZLA XR, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), is indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with: Active psoriatic arthritis ( 1.1 ) Plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy ( 1.2 ) Oral ulcers associated with Behçet's Disease ( 1.3 ) Pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with: Active psoriatic arthritis ( 1.1 ) Moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy ( 1.2 ) In the pediatric population, OTEZLA is indicated for patients weighing at least 20 kg, and OTEZLA XR is indicated for patients weighing at least 50 kg. 1.1 Psoriatic Arthritis OTEZLA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older and weighing at least 20 kg with active psoriatic arthritis. OTEZLA XR is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older and weighing at least 50 kg with active psoriatic arthritis. 1.2 Plaque Psoriasis OTEZLA/OTEZLA XR is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. OTEZLA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 6 years of age and older and weighing at least 20 kg with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. OTEZLA XR is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 6 years of age and older and weighing at least 50 kg with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. 1.3 Oral Ulcers Associated with Behçet's Disease OTEZLA/OTEZLA XR is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with oral ulcers associated with Behçet's Disease.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f6b1f516-4972-4d82-bced-113e47b41cc5","document_date":"20260902","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0020","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"aprocitentan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/aprocitentan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2679059","display":"aprocitentan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006080","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aprocytentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aprocitentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aprositentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απροσιτεντάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Апроцитентан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Апроцитентан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Jeraygo"},{"lang":"en","text":"TRYVIO"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"aprocitentan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jeraygo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006080","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of resistant hypertension","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jeraygo","document_date":"27/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jeraygo — EPAR, 27/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TRYVIO","product_id":"dfe7a2ee-612c-4aba-834a-d68e6b59a0a6","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TRYVIO, in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure (BP) in adult patients who are not adequately controlled on other drugs. Lowering BP reduces the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes. There are no controlled trials demonstrating reduction of risk of these events with TRYVIO. Control of high BP should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve BP goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is BP reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher BPs, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from BP reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower BP goal. TRYVIO is an endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of hypertension in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, to lower blood pressure in adult patients who are not adequately controlled on other drugs. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dfe7a2ee-612c-4aba-834a-d68e6b59a0a6","document_date":"20260814","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0021","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"aripiprazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/aripiprazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"89013","display":"aripiprazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000471","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002755","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003899","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003803","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004008","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004021","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aripiprazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Arypiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aripiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αριπιπραζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Арипипразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Арипіпразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アリピプラゾール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아리피프라졸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿立哌唑","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أريبيبرازول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एरिपिप्राज़ोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Abilify"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abilify Maintena"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aripiprazole Zentiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aripiprazole Mylan Pharma (previously Aripiprazole Pharmathen)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aripiprazole Sandoz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aripiprazole Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"aripiprazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Abilify","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000471","lang":"en","text":"Abilify is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and in adolescents aged 15 years and older. Abilify is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes in Bipolar I Disorder and for the prevention of a new manic episode in adults who experienced predominantly manic episodes and whose manic episodes responded to aripiprazole treatment. Abilify is indicated for the treatment up to 12 weeks of moderate to severe manic episodes in Bipolar I Disorder in adolescents aged 13 years and older.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/abilify","document_date":"12/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Abilify — EPAR, 12/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Abilify Maintena","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002755","lang":"en","text":"Maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients stabilised with oral aripiprazole.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/abilify-maintena","document_date":"28/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Abilify Maintena — EPAR, 28/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"aripiprazole","product_id":"14910dae-da81-3d73-d0a4-e98d13917c69","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Aripiprazole Oral Solution is indicated for the treatment of: Schizophrenia [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] Acute Treatment of Manic and Mixed Episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder [see Clinical Studies (14.2)] Adjunctive Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] Irritability Associated with Autistic Disorder [see Clinical Studies (14.4) ] Treatment of Tourette’s Disorder [see Clinical Studies ( 14.5 )] Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic. The oral formulations are indicated for: Schizophrenia (14.1) Acute Treatment of Manic and Mixed Episodes associated with Bipolar I (14.2) Adjunctive Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (14.3) Irritability Associated with Autistic Disorder (14.4) Treatment of Tourette's disorder (14.5)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=14910dae-da81-3d73-d0a4-e98d13917c69","document_date":"20260903","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0022","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"asenapine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/asenapine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"784649","display":"asenapine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001177","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Asenapine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Asenapină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Asenapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Asénapine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Asenapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Asenapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Asenapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Asenapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Asenapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Asenapín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aszenapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Asenapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ασεναπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Азенапин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Азенапін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Sycrest"},{"lang":"en","text":"SECUADO"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"asenapine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Sycrest","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001177","lang":"en","text":"Sycrest is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/sycrest","document_date":"25/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Sycrest — EPAR, 25/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ASENAPINE","product_id":"3512687b-d1c7-45c4-8822-3a2ad53575a5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Asenapine sublingual tablet(s) is indicated for: Bipolar I disorder [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] Adjunctive treatment to lithium or valproate in adults Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for ( 1 ): Bipolar I disorder Adjunctive treatment to lithium or valproate in adults","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3512687b-d1c7-45c4-8822-3a2ad53575a5","document_date":"20251125","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0023","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"atazanavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/atazanavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"343047","display":"atazanavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000494","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004048","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Atazanavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Atazanawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Atazanavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αταζαναβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Атазанавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Атазанавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"atazanavir sulfate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Reyataz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Atazanavir Viatris (previously Atazanavir Mylan)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"atazanavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Reyataz","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000494","lang":"en","text":"Reyataz capsules, co-administered with low dose ritonavir, are indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infected adults and paediatric patients 6 years of age and older in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products (see section 4.2). Based on available virological and clinical data from adult patients, no benefit is expected in patients with strains resistant to multiple protease inhibitors (? 4 PI mutations). The choice of Reyataz in treatment experienced adult and paediatric patients should be based on individual viral resistance testing and the patient’s treatment history (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Reyataz oral powder, co-administered with low dose ritonavir, is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV-1 infected paediatric patients at least 3 months of age and weighing at least 5 kg (see section 4.2). Based on available virological and clinical data from adult patients, no benefit is expected in patients with strains resistant to multiple protease inhibitors (? 4 PI mutations). The choice of Reyataz in treatment experienced adult and paediatric patients should be based on individual viral resistance testing and the patient’s treatment history (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/reyataz","document_date":"29/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Reyataz — EPAR, 29/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Atazanavir Sulfate","product_id":"7fbea274-d6b5-4faa-bbf0-05fefab42114","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Atazanavir capsule is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients 6 years and older weighing at least 15 kg. Limitations of Use: Atazanavir capsules are not recommended for use in pediatric patients below the age of 3 months due to the risk of kernicterus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. Use of atazanavir capsules with ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients should be guided by the number of baseline primary protease inhibitor resistance substitutions [see Microbiology (12.4) ] . Atazanavir capsule is a protease inhibitor indicated for use in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients 6 years and older weighing at least 15 kg. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7fbea274-d6b5-4faa-bbf0-05fefab42114","document_date":"20250806","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0024","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"atezolizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/atezolizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1792776","display":"atezolizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004143","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atézolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Atezolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ατεζολιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Атезолизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Атезолізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tecentriq"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"atezolizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tecentriq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004143","lang":"en","text":"Urothelial carcinoma Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC):  after prior platinum containing chemotherapy, or who are considered cisplatin ineligible, and whose tumours have a PD-L1 expression ≥ 5% (see section 5.1).  Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated as adjuvant treatment following complete resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with NSCLC with a high risk of recurrence whose tumours have PD-L1 expression on ≥ 50% of tumour cells (TC) and who do not have EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC (see section 5.1 for selection criteria). Advanced NSCLC  Tecentriq, in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-squamous non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with EGFR mutant or ALK-positive NSCLC, Tecentriq, in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin, is indicated only after failure of appropriate targeted therapies (see section 5.1).Tecentriq, in combination with nab paclitaxel and carboplatin, is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC who do not have EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC (see section 5.1).Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumours have a PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% tumour cells (TC) or ≥ 10% tumour-infiltrating immune cells (IC) and who do not have EGFR mutant or ALK-positive NSCLC (see section 5.1).Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced NSCLC who are ineligible for platinum-based therapy (see section 5.1 for selection criteria).Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after prior chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC should also have received targeted therapies before receiving Tecentriq (see section 5.1).Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)Tecentriq, in combination with carboplatin and etoposide, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) (see section 5.1). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Tecentriq in combination with nab-paclitaxel is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC whose tumours have PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% and who have not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease.Hepatocellular carcinomaTecentriq, in combination with bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have not received prior systemic therapy (see section 5.1). Urothelial carcinoma (UC) Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC:  after prior platinum containing chemotherapy, or who are considered cisplatin ineligible, and whose tumours have a PD-L1 expression ≥ 5% (see section 5.1).  Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated as adjuvant treatment following complete resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with NSCLC with a high risk of recurrence whose tumours have PD-L1 expression on ≥ 50% of tumour cells (TC) and who do not have EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC (see section 5.1 for selection criteria). Advanced NSCLC  Tecentriq, in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC. In patients with EGFR mutant or ALK-positive NSCLC, Tecentriq, in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin, is indicated only after failure of appropriate targeted therapies (see section 5.1).Tecentriq, in combination with nab paclitaxel and carboplatin, is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC who do not have EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC (see section 5.1).Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumours have a PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% TC or ≥ 10% tumour-infiltrating immune cells (IC) and who do not have EGFR mutant or ALK-positive NSCLC (see section 5.1).Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced NSCLC who are ineligible for platinum-based therapy (see section 5.1 for selection criteria).Tecentriq as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after prior chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC should also have received targeted therapies before receiving Tecentriq (see section 5.1).Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) Tecentriq, in combination with carboplatin and etoposide, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) (see section 5.1). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Tecentriq in combination with nab-paclitaxel is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC whose tumours have PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% and who have not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)Tecentriq, in combination with bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or unresectable HCC who have not received prior systemic therapy (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tecentriq","document_date":"21/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tecentriq — EPAR, 21/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0025","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"atogepant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/atogepant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2571813","display":"atogepant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005871","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Atogepant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atogépant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Atogepante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Atogepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ατογκεπάντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Атогепант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Атогепант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aquipta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Qulipta"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"atogepant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aquipta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005871","lang":"en","text":"Aquipta is indicated for: - acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults - prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month. ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aquipta","document_date":"25/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aquipta — EPAR, 25/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Qulipta","product_id":"8c8ab8f4-32bd-497a-befa-70c8a51d8d52","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE QULIPTA is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. QULIPTA is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8c8ab8f4-32bd-497a-befa-70c8a51d8d52","document_date":"20250930","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0026","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"atosiban","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/atosiban","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"59639","display":"atosiban"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000253","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002329","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Atosiban","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atosiban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atosiban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atosiban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Atosibán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atosiban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Atosibano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Atozyban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Atosiban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Atosibán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Atoszibán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Atosiban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ατοσιμπάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Атозибан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Атозибан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tractocile"},{"lang":"en","text":"Atosiban SUN"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"atosiban","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tractocile","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000253","lang":"en","text":"Tractotile is indicated to delay imminent pre-term birth in pregnant adult women with:  regular uterine contractions of at least 30 seconds duration at a rate of ? 4 per 30 minutes; a cervical dilation of 1 to 3 cm (0-3 for nulliparas) and effacement of ? 50%; a gestational age from 24 until 33 completed weeks; a normal foetal heart rate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tractocile","document_date":"30/03/2022","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tractocile — EPAR, 30/03/2022. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0027","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"azacitidine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/azacitidine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1251","display":"azacitidine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000978","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004761","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005147","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005075","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004984","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006154","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Azacitidine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Azacytydyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Azacitidin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Azasitidin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αζακιτιδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Азацитидин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Азацитидин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vidaza"},{"lang":"en","text":"Onureg"},{"lang":"en","text":"Azacitidine Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Azacitidine betapharm"},{"lang":"en","text":"Azacitidine Mylan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Azacitidine Kabi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0117","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"azacitidine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Onureg","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004761","lang":"en","text":"Onureg is indicated as maintenance therapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who achieved complete remission (CR) or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) following induction therapy with or without consolidation treatment and who are not candidates for, including those who choose not to proceed to, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/onureg","document_date":"03/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Onureg — EPAR, 03/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vidaza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000978","lang":"en","text":"Vidaza is indicated for the treatment of adult patients who are not eligible for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with:   intermediate 2 and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) with 10 29 % marrow blasts without myeloproliferative disorder, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with 20 30 % blasts and multi-lineage dysplasia, according to World Health Organisation (WHO) classification.  Vidaza is indicated for the treatment of adult patients aged 65 years or older who are not eligible for HSCT with AML with >30% marrow blasts according to the WHO classification.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vidaza","document_date":"05/11/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vidaza — EPAR, 05/11/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Azacitidine","product_id":"a6a5ca37-37e8-ab65-bc0b-9c0682ab52f7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Azacitidine for injection is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with the following FAB myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subtypes: Refractory anemia (RA) or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (if accompanied by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or requiring transfusions), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). ( 1.1 ) 1.1 Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Azacitidine for injection is indicated for treatment of adult patients with the following French-American-British (FAB) myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes: refractory anemia (RA) or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (if accompanied by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or requiring transfusions), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). Pediatric use information is approved for Celgene Corporation’s Vidaza (azacitidine for injection). However, due to Celgene Corporation’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a6a5ca37-37e8-ab65-bc0b-9c0682ab52f7","document_date":"20260908","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0028","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"azilsartan-medoxomil","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/azilsartan-medoxomil","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002293","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Azilsartan medoxomil","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartan medoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartanmedoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartan médoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartán medoxomilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartan medoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartana medoxomilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Azylsartan medoksomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartan medoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartán medoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Azilszartán-medoxomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Azilsartan medoksomil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αζιλσαρτάνη μεδοξομίλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Азилсартана медоксомил","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Азилсартану медоксоміл","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Edarbi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"azilsartan medoxomil","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Edarbi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002293","lang":"en","text":"Edarbi is indicated for the treatment of essential hypertension in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/edarbi","document_date":"29/01/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Edarbi — EPAR, 29/01/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Azilsartan medoxomil","product_id":"b1c8de43-3b26-408f-8c7e-6c7d76348199","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Azilsartan medoxomil tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes, including the class to which this drug principally belongs. There are no controlled trials demonstrating risk reduction with azilsartan medoxomil tablets. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia) and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Azilsartan medoxomil tablets may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Azilsartan medoxomil tablet is an angiotensin II receptor blocker indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. Azilsartan medoxomil tablets may be used either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents ( 1 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b1c8de43-3b26-408f-8c7e-6c7d76348199","document_date":"20260513","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0029","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"aztreonam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/aztreonam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1272","display":"aztreonam"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000996","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Aztreonam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Aztréonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Aztreonam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αζτρεονάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Азтреонам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Азтреонам","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cayston"},{"lang":"en","text":"AZACTAM"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0159","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"aztreonam","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cayston","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000996","lang":"en","text":"Cayston is indicated for the suppressive therapy of chronic pulmonary infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 6 years and older. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cayston","document_date":"09/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cayston — EPAR, 09/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"AZACTAM","product_id":"9a105eaf-ee77-4016-beeb-d425a5565db2","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of AZACTAM (aztreonam for injection, USP) and other antibacterial drugs, AZACTAM should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. AZACTAM is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible Gram-negative microorganisms: Urinary Tract Infections (complicated and uncomplicated), including pyelonephritis and cystitis (initial and recurrent) caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter cloacae , Klebsiella oxytoca *, Citrobacter species*, and Serratia marcescens *. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections , including pneumonia and bronchitis caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Haemophilus influenzae , Proteus mirabilis , Enterobacter species, and Serratia marcescens *. Septicemia caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis *, Serratia marcescens *, and Enterobacter species. Skin and Skin-Structure Infections , including those associated with postoperative wounds, ulcers, and burns, caused by Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Serratia marcescens , Enterobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Citrobacter species*. Intra-abdominal Infections , including peritonitis caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella species including K. pneumoniae , Enterobacter species including E. cloacae *, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Citrobacter species* including C. freundii *, and Serratia species* including S. marcescens *. Gynecologic Infections , including endometritis and pelvic cellulitis caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae *, Enterobacter species* including E. cloacae *, and Proteus mirabilis *. AZACTAM is indicated for adjunctive therapy to surgery in the management of infections caused by susceptible organisms, including abscesses, infections complicating hollow viscus perforations, cutaneous infections, and infections of serous surfaces. AZACTAM is effective against most of the commonly encountered Gram-negative aerobic pathogens seen in general surgery. ------------------------------- * Efficacy for this organism in this organ system was studied in fewer than 10 infections. Concurrent Therapy Concurrent initial therapy with other antimicrobial agents and AZACTAM is recommended before the causative organism(s) is known in seriously ill patients who are also at risk of having an infection due to Gram-positive aerobic pathogens. If anaerobic organisms are also suspected as etiologic agents, therapy should be initiated using an anti-anaerobic agent concurrently with AZACTAM (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Certain antibiotics (eg, cefoxitin, imipenem) may induce high levels of beta-lactamase in vitro in some Gram-negative aerobes such as Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species, resulting in antagonism to many beta-lactam antibiotics including aztreonam. These in vitro findings suggest that such beta-lactamase-inducing antibiotics not be used concurrently with aztreonam. Following identification and susceptibility testing of the causative organism(s), appropriate antibiotic therapy should be continued.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9a105eaf-ee77-4016-beeb-d425a5565db2","document_date":"20251215","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0030","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"baloxavir-marboxil","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/baloxavir-marboxil","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2099995","display":"baloxavir marboxil"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004974","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Baloxavir marboxil","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavirmarboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir marboxilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Baloksawir marboksyl","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir-marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Baloxavir-marboxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Baloksavir marboksil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπαλοξαβίρη μαρβοξίλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Балоксавир марбоксил","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Балоксавір марбоксил","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xofluza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"baloxavir marboxil","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xofluza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004974","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of influenza Xofluza is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 1 year and above. Post exposure prophylaxis of influenza Xofluza is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in individuals aged 1 year and above. Xofluza should be used in accordance with official recommendations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xofluza","document_date":"02/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xofluza — EPAR, 02/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Xofluza","product_id":"b58b2899-4d22-41e1-8f0c-bdead8917694","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XOFLUZA is an influenza virus polymerase acidic (PA) endonuclease inhibitor indicated for: Treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 5 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours and who are otherwise healthy or at high risk of developing influenza-related complications . ( 1.1 ) Post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in patients 5 years of age and older following contact with an individual who has influenza. ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use Influenza viruses change over time, and factors such as the virus type or subtype, emergence of resistance, or changes in viral virulence could diminish the clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Consider available information on drug susceptibility patterns for circulating influenza virus strains when deciding whether to use XOFLUZA. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Treatment of Influenza XOFLUZA is indicated for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 5 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours and who are otherwise healthy or at high risk of developing influenza-related complications 1 [see Clinical Studies (14.1 , 14.2 , and 14.3 ]. 1.2 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Influenza XOFLUZA is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in persons 5 years of age and older following contact with an individual who has influenza [see Clinical Studies (14.4) ]. 1.3 Limitations of Use Influenza viruses change over time, and factors such as the virus type or subtype, emergence of resistance, or changes in viral virulence could diminish the clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Consider available information on drug susceptibility patterns for circulating influenza virus strains when deciding whether to use XOFLUZA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Microbiology (12.4) and Clinical Studies (14) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b58b2899-4d22-41e1-8f0c-bdead8917694","document_date":"20260424","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0031","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"baricitinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/baricitinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2047232","display":"baricitinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004085","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Baricitinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Barycytynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Baricitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Barisitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπαρισιτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Барицитиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Барицитиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Olumiant"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"baricitinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Olumiant","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004085","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis  Baricitinib is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Olumiant may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.  Atopic Dermatitis  Olumiant is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adult and paediatric patients 2 years of age and older who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Alopecia areata  Baricitinib is indicated for the treatment of severe alopecia areata in adult and adolescent patients 12 years of age and older.   Juvenile idiopathic arthritis  Baricitinib is indicated for the treatment of active juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients 2 years of age and older who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more prior conventional synthetic or biologic DMARDs:  Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (polyarticular rheumatoid factor positive [RF+] or negative [RF-], extended oligoarticular), Enthesitis related arthritis, and Juvenile psoriatic arthritis.    Baricitinib may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/olumiant","document_date":"13/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Olumiant — EPAR, 13/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0032","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"belimumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/belimumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1092437","display":"belimumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002015","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Belimumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bélimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Belimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπελιμουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Белимумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Белімумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Benlysta"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"belimumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Benlysta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002015","lang":"en","text":"Benlysta is indicated as add-on therapy in patients aged 5 years and older with active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high degree of disease activity (e.g., positive anti‑dsDNA and low complement) despite standard therapy. Benlysta is indicated in combination with background immunosuppressive therapies for the treatment of adult patients with active lupus nephritis. Benlysta is indicated as add-on therapy in adult patients with active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high degree of disease activity (e.g., positive anti dsDNA and low complement) despite standard therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/benlysta","document_date":"08/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Benlysta — EPAR, 08/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"BENLYSTA","product_id":"2fa3c528-1777-4628-8a55-a69dae2381a3","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BENLYSTA is indicated for the treatment of patients 5 years of age and older with: • Active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are receiving standard therapy, and • Active lupus nephritis who are receiving standard therapy. Limitations of Use The efficacy of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated in patients with severe active central nervous system (CNS) lupus. Use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in this situation. BENLYSTA is a B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)-specific inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients 5 years of age and older with: • Active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are receiving standard therapy; ( 1 ) • Active lupus nephritis who are receiving standard therapy. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: The efficacy of BENLYSTA has not been evaluated in patients with severe active central nervous system lupus. Use of BENLYSTA is not recommended in this situation. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2fa3c528-1777-4628-8a55-a69dae2381a3","document_date":"20260821","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0033","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"benralizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/benralizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1989100","display":"benralizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004433","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Benralizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Benralizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπενραλιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бенрализумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бенралізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Fasenra"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"benralizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fasenra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004433","lang":"en","text":"AsthmaFasenra is indicated as an add on maintenance treatment in adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma inadequately controlled despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long acting β agonists (see section 5.1).Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) Fasenra is indicated as an add-on treatment for adult patients with relapsing or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.  Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) Fasenra is indicated as an add on treatment for adult and adolescent patients aged 12 years and older weighing at least 35 kg with inadequately controlled hypereosinophilic syndrome without an identifiable non-haematologic secondary cause.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fasenra","document_date":"14/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fasenra — EPAR, 14/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"FASENRA","product_id":"da6aca1a-19ed-44a4-abb7-696c7d58b784","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE FASENRA is an interleukin-5 receptor alpha-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody (IgG1, kappa) indicated for: • add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with severe asthma, and with an eosinophilic phenotype. ( 1.1 ) • treatment of adult patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). ( 1.2 ) • treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) without an identifiable non-hematologic secondary cause. ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use : Not for relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. (1.1) 1.1 Asthma FASENRA is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with severe asthma, and with an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use: • FASENRA is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. 1.2 Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis FASENRA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). 1.3 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome FASENRA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) without an identifiable non-hematologic secondary cause.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=da6aca1a-19ed-44a4-abb7-696c7d58b784","document_date":"20260513","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0034","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"bevacizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/bevacizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"253337","display":"bevacizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000582","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005723","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004728","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004697","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005106","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005286","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005556","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005327","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005534","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005574","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bévacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bewacyzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bevacizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bevasizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπεβασιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бевацизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бевацизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ベバシズマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"베바시주맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"贝伐珠单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بيفاسيزوماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बेवासिज़ुमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Avastin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lytenava"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mvasi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zirabev"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aybintio"},{"lang":"en","text":"Alymsys"},{"lang":"en","text":"Oyavas"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abevmy"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vegzelma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Avzivi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"bevacizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Avastin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000582","lang":"en","text":"Bevacizumab in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy is indicated for treatment of adult patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. Bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel is indicated for first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic breast cancer. For further information as to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine is indicated for first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic breast cancer in whom treatment with other chemotherapy options including taxanes or anthracyclines is not considered appropriate. Patients who have received taxane and anthracycline-containing regimens in the adjuvant setting within the last 12 months should be excluded from treatment with Avastin in combination with capecitabine. For further information as to HER2 status. Bevacizumab, in addition to platinum-based chemotherapy, is indicated for first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology. Bevacizumab, in combination with erlotinib, is indicated for first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, metastatic or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activating mutations. Bevacizumab in combination with interferon alfa-2a is indicated for first line treatment of adult patients with advanced and/or metastatic renal cell cancer. Bevacizumab, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel is indicated for the front-line treatment of adult patients with advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages III B, III C and IV) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.Bevacizumab, in combination with carboplatin and gemcitabine, is indicated for treatment of adult patients with first recurrence of platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who have not received prior therapy with bevacizumab or other VEGF inhibitors or VEGF receptor–targeted agents. Bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel, topotecan, or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who received no more than two prior chemotherapy regimens and who have not received prior therapy with bevacizumab or other VEGF inhibitors or VEGF receptor–targeted agents. Bevacizumab, in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin or, alternatively, paclitaxel and topotecan in patients who cannot receive platinum therapy, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic carcinoma of the cervix.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/avastin","document_date":"27/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Avastin — EPAR, 27/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Lytenava","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005723","lang":"en","text":"Lytenava is indicated in adults for treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lytenava","document_date":"03/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lytenava — EPAR, 03/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Avastin","product_id":"939b5d1f-9fb2-4499-80ef-0607aa6b114e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Avastin is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of: Metastatic colorectal cancer, in combination with intravenous fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for first- or second-line treatment. ( 1.1 ) Metastatic colorectal cancer, in combination with fluoropyrimidine-irinotecan- or fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for second-line treatment in patients who have progressed on a first-line bevacizumab product-containing regimen. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use : Avastin is not indicated for adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. ( 1.1 ) Unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for first-line treatment. ( 1.2 ) Recurrent glioblastoma in adults. ( 1.3 ) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in combination with interferon alfa. ( 1.4 ) Persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer, in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin, or paclitaxel and topotecan. ( 1.5 ) Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer: in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by Avastin as a single agent, for stage III or IV disease following initial surgical resection ( 1.6 ) in combination with paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, or topotecan for platinum-resistant recurrent disease who received no more than 2 prior chemotherapy regimens ( 1.6 ) in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel or carboplatin and gemcitabine, followed by Avastin as a single agent, for platinum-sensitive recurrent disease ( 1.6 ) Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in combination with atezolizumab for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC who have not received prior systemic therapy ( 1.7 ) 1.1 Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Avastin, in combination with intravenous fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-or second-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Avastin, in combination with fluoropyrimidine-irinotecan- or fluoropyrimidine-oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, is indicated for the second-line treatment of patients with mCRC who have progressed on a first-line bevacizumab product-containing regimen. Limitations of Use : Avastin is not indicated for adjuvant treatment of colon cancer [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. 1.2 First-Line Non-Squamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Avastin, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic non–squamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 1.3 Recurrent Glioblastoma Avastin is indicated for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) in adults. 1.4 Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Avastin, in combination with interferon alfa, is indicated for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). 1.5 Persistent, Recurrent, or Metastatic Cervical Cancer Avastin, in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin or paclitaxel and topotecan, is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. 1.6 Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer Avastin, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by Avastin as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with stage III or IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer following initial surgical resection. Avastin, in combination with paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, or topotecan, is indicated for the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who received no more than 2 prior chemotherapy regimens. Avastin, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, or with carboplatin and gemcitabine, followed by Avastin as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. 1.7 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Avastin, in combination with atezolizumab, is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have not received prior systemic therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=939b5d1f-9fb2-4499-80ef-0607aa6b114e","document_date":"20250106","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0035","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"bimekizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/bimekizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2668041","display":"bimekizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005316","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bimékizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bimequizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bimekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπιμεκιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бимекизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бімекізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Bimzelx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"bimekizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Bimzelx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005316","lang":"en","text":"Plaque psoriasis Bimzelx is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Bimzelx, alone or in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adults who have had an inadequate response or who have been intolerant to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Axial spondyloarthritis Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) Bimzelx is indicated for the treatment of adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who have responded inadequately or are intolerant to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ankylosing spondylitis (AS, radiographic axial spondyloarthritis) Bimzelx is indicated for the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis who have responded inadequately or are intolerant to conventional therapy. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)Bimzelx is indicated for the treatment of active moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) in adults with an inadequate response to conventional systemic HS therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/bimzelx","document_date":"08/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Bimzelx — EPAR, 08/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Bimzelx","product_id":"26b88358-871f-4c80-9d80-b2fb16477f81","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BIMZELX is a humanized interleukin-17A and F antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PSO) in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. ( 1.1 ) Adults with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) . ( 1.2 ) Adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis ( nr-axSpA ) with objective signs of inflammation. ( 1.3 ) Adults with active ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ). ( 1.4 ) Adults with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) . ( 1.5 ) 1.1 Plaque Psoriasis BIMZELX is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis BIMZELX is indicated for the treatment of adults with active psoriatic arthritis. 1.3 Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis BIMZELX is indicated for the treatment of adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation. 1.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis BIMZELX is indicated for the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis. 1.5 Hidradenitis Suppurativa BIMZELX is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=26b88358-871f-4c80-9d80-b2fb16477f81","document_date":"20250616","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0036","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"binimetinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/binimetinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2049122","display":"binimetinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004579","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Binimetinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Binimétinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Binimetynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Binimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπινιμετινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Биниметиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Біниметиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Mektovi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"binimetinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mektovi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004579","lang":"en","text":"MelanomaBinimetinib in combination with encorafenib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Binimetinib in combination with encorafenib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mektovi","document_date":"05/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mektovi — EPAR, 05/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"MEKTOVI","product_id":"6c3408ac-d401-4925-8a03-26591afbc240","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE MEKTOVI is a kinase inhibitor indicated: • in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) • in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) 1.1 BRAF V600E or V600K Mutation-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma MEKTOVI is indicated, in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.2 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) MEKTOVI is indicated, in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test. [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6c3408ac-d401-4925-8a03-26591afbc240","document_date":"20250320","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0037","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"bosentan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/bosentan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"75207","display":"bosentan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000401","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002644","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Bosentan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bosentán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bosentano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bozentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bozentán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bosentan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μποσεντάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бозентан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бозентан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"bosentan monohydrate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tracleer"},{"lang":"en","text":"Stayveer"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0386","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Scleroderma, Systemic — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"bosentan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Stayveer","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002644","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to improve exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) functional class III. Efficacy has been shown in:  primary (idiopathic and familial) PAH; PAH secondary to scleroderma without significant interstitial pulmonary disease; PAH associated with congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts and Eisenmenger’s physiology.  Some improvements have also been shown in patients with PAH WHO functional class II. Stayveer is also indicated to reduce the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis and ongoing digital-ulcer disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/stayveer","document_date":"24/10/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Stayveer — EPAR, 24/10/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Tracleer","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000401","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to improve exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with WHO functional class III.Efficacy has been shown in:  Primary (idiopathic and familial) PAH; PAH secondary to scleroderma without significant interstitial pulmonary disease; PAH associated with congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts and Eisenmenger's physiology.  Some improvements have also been shown in patients with PAH WHO functional class II. Tracleer is also indicated to reduce the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis and ongoing digital ulcer disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tracleer","document_date":"25/10/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tracleer — EPAR, 25/10/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Bosentan","product_id":"8444da17-6c31-492b-8842-93740f083d9d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Bosentan tablets are indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1): in adults to improve exercise ability and to decrease clinical worsening. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with WHO Functional Class II-IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (60%), PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (21%), and PAH associated with congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunts (18%) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . in pediatric patients aged 3 years and older with idiopathic or congenital PAH to improve pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which is expected to result in an improvement in exercise ability. Bosentan tablets are an endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1): in adults to improve exercise ability and to decrease clinical worsening. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominantly patients with WHO Functional Class II-IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (60%), PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (21%), and PAH associated with congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunts (18%) ( 1 ). in pediatric patients aged 3 years and older with idiopathic or congenital PAH to improve pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which is expected to result in an improvement in exercise ability ( 1 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8444da17-6c31-492b-8842-93740f083d9d","document_date":"20260602","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0038","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"brentuximab-vedotin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/brentuximab-vedotin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1147320","display":"brentuximab vedotin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002455","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Brentuximab vedotin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab Vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab védotine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Brentuksymab wedotyny","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Brentuximab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Brentuksimab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπρεντουξιμάμπη βεδοτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Брентуксимаб ведотин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Брентуксимаб ведотин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Adcetris"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0099","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"brentuximab vedotin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Adcetris","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002455","lang":"en","text":"Hodgkin lymphomaAdcetris is indicated for adult patients with previously untreated CD30+ Stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (AVD).Adcetris is indicated for adult patients with previously untreated CD30+ Stage IIB with risk factors, Stage III or Stage IV HL in combination with etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dacarbazine, dexamethasone (BrECADD).Adcetris is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with CD30+ HL at increased risk of relapse or progression following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).Adcetris is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory CD30+ Hodgkin lymphoma (HL):- following ASCT, or- following at least two prior therapies when ASCT or multi-agent chemotherapy is not a treatment option.Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomaAdcetris in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (CHP) is indicated for adult patients with previously untreated systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL). Adcetris is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory sALCL.Cutaneous T-cell lymphomaAdcetris is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) after at least 1 prior systemic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/adcetris","document_date":"20/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Adcetris — EPAR, 20/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ADCETRIS","product_id":"3904f8dd-1aef-3490-e48f-bd55f32ed67f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ADCETRIS is a CD30-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate indicated for treatment of: • Adult patients with previously untreated Stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine ( 1.1 ). • Pediatric patients 2 years and older with previously untreated high risk classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), in combination with doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide ( 1.2 ). • Adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) at high risk of relapse or progression as post-autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) consolidation ( 1.3 ). • Adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) after failure of auto-HSCT or after failure of at least two prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimens in patients who are not auto-HSCT candidates ( 1.4 ). • Adult patients with previously untreated systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) or other CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone ( 1.5 ). • Adult patients with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) after failure of at least one prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimen ( 1.6 ). • Adult patients with primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) or CD30-expressing mycosis fungoides (MF) who have received prior systemic therapy ( 1.7 ). • Adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) NOS, DLBCL arising from indolent lymphoma, or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), after two or more lines of systemic therapy who are not eligible for auto-HSCT or CAR T-cell therapy, in combination with lenalidomide and a rituximab product ( 1.8 ). 1.1 Previously Untreated Stage III or IV Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), in Combination with Chemotherapy ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated Stage III or IV cHL, in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. 1.2 Previously Untreated High Risk Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), in Combination with Chemotherapy ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 2 years and older with previously untreated high risk cHL, in combination with doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide. 1.3 Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) Consolidation ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with cHL at high risk of relapse or progression as post-autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) consolidation. 1.4 Relapsed Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with cHL after failure of auto-HSCT or after failure of at least two prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimens in patients who are not auto-HSCT candidates. 1.5 Previously Untreated Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (sALCL) or Other CD30-Expressing Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas (PTCL), in Combination with Chemotherapy ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated sALCL or other CD30-expressing PTCL, including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone. 1.6 Relapsed Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (sALCL) ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with sALCL after failure of at least one prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimen. 1.7 Relapsed Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (pcALCL) or CD30-Expressing Mycosis Fungoides (MF) ADCETRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with pcALCL or CD30-expressing MF who have received prior systemic therapy. 1.8 Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL) ADCETRIS in combination with lenalidomide and a rituximab product is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory LBCL, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) NOS, DLBCL arising from indolent lymphoma, or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), after two or more lines of systemic therapy who are not eligible for auto-HSCT or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3904f8dd-1aef-3490-e48f-bd55f32ed67f","document_date":"20251111","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0039","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"brexpiprazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/brexpiprazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1658314","display":"brexpiprazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003841","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Brexpiprazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Breksypiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Brexpiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Breksipiprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπρεξπιπραζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Брекспипразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Брекспіпразол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rxulti"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rexulti"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"brexpiprazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rxulti","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003841","lang":"en","text":"Rxulti is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adult and adolescents aged 13 years and older.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rxulti","document_date":"29/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rxulti — EPAR, 29/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rexulti","product_id":"6991c065-0f6e-433a-8f4f-796e0ece327f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE REXULTI is indicated for: Adjunctive treatment to antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults Treatment of schizophrenia in adults and pediatric patients ages 13 years and older Treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease Limitations of Use: REXULTI is not indicated as an as needed (\"prn\") treatment for agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . REXULTI is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: Use as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults ( 1 , 14.1 ) Treatment of schizophrenia in adults and pediatric patients ages 13 years and older ( 1 , 14.2 ) Treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease ( 1 , 14.3 ) Limitations of Use : REXULTI is not indicated as an as needed (\"prn\") treatment for agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6991c065-0f6e-433a-8f4f-796e0ece327f","document_date":"20260602","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0040","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"brivaracetam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/brivaracetam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1739745","display":"brivaracetam"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003898","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracétam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Briwaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Brivaracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Brivarasetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπριβαρασετάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бриварацетам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бриварацетам","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Briviact (in Italy: Nubriveo)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Brivaracetam Oral Solution"},{"lang":"en","text":"Briviact"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"brivaracetam","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Briviact (in Italy: Nubriveo)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003898","lang":"en","text":"Briviact is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adult and adolescent patients from 16 years of age with epilepsy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/briviact-italy-nubriveo","document_date":"27/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Briviact (in Italy: Nubriveo) — EPAR, 27/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Briviact","product_id":"3cf2f439-0e97-443e-8e33-25ecef616f6c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BRIVIACT is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older. BRIVIACT is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3cf2f439-0e97-443e-8e33-25ecef616f6c","document_date":"20260820","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0041","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"brodalumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/brodalumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1872251","display":"brodalumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003959","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Brodalumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Brodalumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μπροδαλουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бродалумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бродалумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kyntheum"},{"lang":"en","text":"Siliq"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"brodalumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kyntheum","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003959","lang":"en","text":"Kyntheum is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for systemic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kyntheum","document_date":"27/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kyntheum — EPAR, 27/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Siliq","product_id":"1a550c33-456a-4833-814e-8591aea7c688","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SILIQ ® (brodalumab) is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy and have failed to respond or have lost response to other systemic therapies. SILIQ is a human interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) antagonist indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy and have failed to respond or have lost response to other systemic therapies. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1a550c33-456a-4833-814e-8591aea7c688","document_date":"20260528","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0042","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"buprenorphine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/buprenorphine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1819","display":"buprenorphine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004651","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006188","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Buprenorphine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorphin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Buprénorphine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Buprenorfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βουπρενορφίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бупренорфин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бупренорфін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Buvidal"},{"lang":"en","text":"Buprenorphine Neuraxpharm"},{"lang":"en","text":"BRIXADI"},{"lang":"en","text":"Butrans"},{"lang":"en","text":"SUBLOCADE"},{"lang":"en","text":"buprenorphine transdermal system"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0170","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Opioid-Related Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"buprenorphine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Buprenorphine Neuraxpharm","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006188","lang":"en","text":"Substitution treatment of opioid drug dependence, within a comprehensive therapeutic monitoring framework of medical, social and psychological treatment. Treatment is intended for use in adults and adolescents 15 years of age and older, who have agreed to be treated for addiction.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/buprenorphine-neuraxpharm","document_date":"16/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Buprenorphine Neuraxpharm — EPAR, 16/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Buvidal","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004651","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of opioid dependence within a framework of medical, social and psychological treatment. Treatment is intended for use in adults and adolescents aged 16 years or over.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/buvidal","document_date":"21/03/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Buvidal — EPAR, 21/03/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SUBLOCADE","product_id":"6189fb21-9432-45f8-8481-0bfaf3ccde95","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SUBLOCADE is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe opioid use disorder in patients who have initiated treatment with a single dose of a transmucosal buprenorphine product or who are already being treated with buprenorphine. SUBLOCADE should be used as part of a complete treatment plan that includes counseling and psychosocial support. SUBLOCADE contains buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, and is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe opioid use disorder in patients who have initiated treatment with a single dose of a transmucosal buprenorphine product or who are already being treated with buprenorphine. ( 1 ) SUBLOCADE should be used as part of a complete treatment program that includes counseling and psychosocial support. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6189fb21-9432-45f8-8481-0bfaf3ccde95","document_date":"20260727","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0043","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cabazitaxel","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cabazitaxel","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"996051","display":"cabazitaxel"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002018","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005178","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kabazytaksel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kabazitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kabazitaksel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καμπαζιταξέλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кабазитаксел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кабазитаксел","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Jevtana"},{"lang":"en","text":"Cabazitaxel Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cabazitaxel","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jevtana","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002018","lang":"en","text":"Jevtana in combination with prednisone or prednisolone is indicated for the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jevtana","document_date":"30/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jevtana — EPAR, 30/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Jevtana","product_id":"de3d9c26-572b-4ea4-9b2d-dd58a2b3e8fa","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE JEVTANA ® is indicated in combination with prednisone for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing treatment regimen. JEVTANA is a microtubule inhibitor indicated in combination with prednisone for treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with a docetaxel-containing treatment regimen. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=de3d9c26-572b-4ea4-9b2d-dd58a2b3e8fa","document_date":"20251007","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0044","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cabotegravir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cabotegravir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2475077","display":"cabotegravir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004976","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005756","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cabotegravir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cabotégravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kabotegrawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kabotegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καμποτεγκραβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Каботегравир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Каботегравір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vocabria"},{"lang":"en","text":"Apretude"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cabotegravir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Apretude","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005756","lang":"en","text":"Apretude is indicated in combination with safer sex practices for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in high-risk adults and adolescents, weighing at least 35 kg (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/apretude","document_date":"19/02/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Apretude — EPAR, 19/02/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vocabria","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004976","lang":"en","text":"Vocabria tablets are indicated in combination with rilpivirine tablets for the short-term treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and adolescents (at least 12 years of age and weighing at least 35 kg) who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen without present or past evidence of viral resistance to, and no prior virological failure with agents of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and integrase inhibitor (INI) class for:  Oral lead in to assess tolerability of Vocabria and rilpivirine prior to administration of long acting cabotegravir injection plus long acting rilpivirine injection. Oral therapy for adults and adolescents who will miss planned dosing with cabotegravir injection plus rilpivirine injection.  Vocabria injection is indicated, in combination with rilpivirine injection, for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and adolescents (at least 12 years of age and weighing at least 35 kg) who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen without present or past evidence of viral resistance to, and no prior virological failure with agents of the non-nucleoside reverse trascriptase.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vocabria","document_date":"30/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vocabria — EPAR, 30/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Apretude","product_id":"4338428e-43d4-4e02-ac9d-bd98e738a7da","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE APRETUDE is indicated for pre‑exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg who are at risk for HIV-1 acquisition. Individuals must have a negative HIV-1 test prior to initiating APRETUDE (with or without an oral lead-in with oral cabotegravir) for HIV-1 PrEP [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 , 2.4 ), Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . APRETUDE is an HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) indicated for PrEP to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg who are at risk for HIV-1 acquisition. Individuals must have a negative HIV-1 test prior to initiating APRETUDE (with or without an oral lead-in with oral cabotegravir) for HIV-1 PrEP. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4338428e-43d4-4e02-ac9d-bd98e738a7da","document_date":"20250411","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0045","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cabozantinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cabozantinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1363268","display":"cabozantinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002640","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004163","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kabozantynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kabozantinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καβοζαντινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кабозантиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кабозантиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cometriq"},{"lang":"en","text":"Cabometyx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0097","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cabozantinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cabometyx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004163","lang":"en","text":"Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Cabometyx is indicated as monotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma  as first-line treatment of adult patients with intermediate or poor risk, in adults following prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy.  Cabometyx, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma in adults. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)Cabometyx is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults who have previously been treated with sorafenib.Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC)Cabometyx is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), refractory or not eligible to radioactive iodine (RAI) who have progressed during or after prior systemic therapy.Neuroendocrine Tumours (NET)Cabometyx is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic, well differentiated extra-pancreatic (epNET) and pancreatic (pNET) neuroendocrine tumours who have progressed following at least one prior systemic therapy other than somatostatin analogues.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cabometyx","document_date":"15/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cabometyx — EPAR, 15/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Cometriq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002640","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adult patients with progressive, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cometriq","document_date":"13/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cometriq — EPAR, 13/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CABOMETYX","product_id":"3850cce2-6137-42e5-a792-d318c4a4b3b5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CABOMETYX is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). ( 1.1 ) patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, as a first-line treatment in combination with nivolumab ( 1.1 ) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib ( 1.2 ) adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that has progressed following prior VEGFR-targeted therapy and who are radioactive iodine-refractory or ineligible ( 1.3 ) adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). ( 1.4 ) adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated extra-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (epNET). ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Renal Cell Carcinoma CABOMETYX is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). CABOMETYX, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced RCC. 1.2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma CABOMETYX is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. 1.3 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer CABOMETYX is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that has progressed following prior VEGFR-targeted therapy and who are radioactive iodine-refractory or ineligible. 1.4 Neuroendocrine Tumors CABOMETYX is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). CABOMETYX is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated extra-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (epNET).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3850cce2-6137-42e5-a792-d318c4a4b3b5","document_date":"20251019","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0046","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"camizestrant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/camizestrant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2752682","display":"camizestrant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006494","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Camizestrant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Camizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Camizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Camizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Camizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Camizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Camizestranto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kamizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kamizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kamizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kamizesztrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kamizestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καμιζεστράντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Камизестрант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Камізестрант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Etcamah"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"camizestrant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Etcamah","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006494","lang":"en","text":"Etcamah in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib, ribociclib, or abemaciclib) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer upon detection of ESR1‑mutation and without disease progression during first-line endocrine therapy in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor (for biomarker based patient-selection, see section 4.2 and 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/etcamah","document_date":"09/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Etcamah — EPAR, 09/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ETCAMAH","product_id":"c54223d3-f3c7-4186-afa0-429d84805826","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ETCAMAH in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor (abemaciclib, palbociclib, or ribociclib) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer upon detection of ESR1 mutation during aromatase inhibitor and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy, based on an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] . This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on progression-free survival as measured from detection of ESR1 mutation [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s). ETCAMAH is an estrogen receptor antagonist indicated: • in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor (abemaciclib, palbociclib, or ribociclib) for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer upon detection of ESR1 mutation during aromatase inhibitor and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy, based on an FDA authorized test. ( 1 , 2.1 ) This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on progression-free survival as measured from detection of ESR1 mutation. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c54223d3-f3c7-4186-afa0-429d84805826","document_date":"20260904","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0047","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"canagliflozin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/canagliflozin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1373458","display":"canagliflozin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002649","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Canagliflozin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Canagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Canagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Canagliflozine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Canagliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Canagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Canagliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kanagliflozyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kanagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kanagliflozín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kanagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kanagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καναγλιφλοζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Канаглифлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Канагліфлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Invokana"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"canagliflozin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Invokana","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002649","lang":"en","text":"Invokana is indicated for the treatment of adults and children aged 10 years and older with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise:   as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.  For study results with respect to combination of therapies, effects on glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/invokana","document_date":"18/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Invokana — EPAR, 18/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"INVOKANA","product_id":"b9057d3b-b104-4f09-8a61-c61ef9d4a3f3","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE INVOKANA (canagliflozin) is indicated: as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). to reduce the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), doubling of serum creatinine, cardiovascular (CV) death, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria greater than 300 mg/day. INVOKANA is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated: As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease ( 1 ). To reduce the risk of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria ( 1 ). Limitations of Use: Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ( 1 ). Limitations of Use INVOKANA is not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . INVOKANA is not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . INVOKANA is likely to be ineffective in this setting based upon its mechanism of action.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b9057d3b-b104-4f09-8a61-c61ef9d4a3f3","document_date":"20260611","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0048","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"capecitabine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/capecitabine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"194000","display":"capecitabine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000316","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002362","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002605","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002386","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002568","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Capecitabine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Capecitabină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Capecitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Capécitabine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Capecitabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Capecitabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Capecitabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kapecytabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kapecitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kapecitabín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kapecitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kapesitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καπεσιταβίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Капецитабин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Капецитабін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xeloda"},{"lang":"en","text":"Capecitabine Teva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ecansya (previously Capecitabine Krka)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Capecitabine Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Capecitabine Medac"},{"lang":"en","text":"Capecitabine 150mg"},{"lang":"en","text":"Capecitabine 500mg"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0057","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"capecitabine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xeloda","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000316","lang":"en","text":"Xeloda is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients following surgery of stage III (Dukes' stage C) colon cancer. Xeloda is indicated for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Xeloda is indicated for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer in combination with a platinum-based regimen. Xeloda in combination with docetaxel is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Previous therapy should have included an anthracycline. Xeloda is also indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of taxanes and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen or for whom further anthracycline therapy is not indicated.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xeloda","document_date":"02/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xeloda — EPAR, 02/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"capecitabine","product_id":"0b59e98c-5b34-4b93-90f6-20526f4d4f88","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Capecitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for: Colorectal Cancer • adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.1 ) • perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy. ( 1.1 ) • treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.1 ) Breast Cancer • treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline-or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated. ( 1.2 ) • treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. ( 1.2 ) Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer • treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.3 ) • treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen. ( 1.3 ) Pancreatic Cancer • adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Colorectal Cancer Capecitabine tablet is indicated for the: • adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. • perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy. • treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. 1.2 Breast Cancer Capecitabine tablet is indicated for the: • treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline-or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated. • treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. 1.3 Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer Capecitabine tablet is indicated for the: • treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. • treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen. 1.4 Pancreatic Cancer Capecitabine tablet is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0b59e98c-5b34-4b93-90f6-20526f4d4f88","document_date":"20260721","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0049","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"capivasertib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/capivasertib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2669967","display":"capivasertib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006017","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Capivasertib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Capivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Capivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Capivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Capivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Capivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Capivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kapiwasertyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kapivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kapivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kapivaszertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kapivasertib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καπιβασερτίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Капивасертиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Капівасертиб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Truqap"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"capivasertib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Truqap","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006017","lang":"en","text":"Truqap is indicated in combination with fulvestrant for the treatment of adult patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with one or more PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-alterations following recurrence or progression on or after an endocrine-based regimen. In pre- or perimenopausal women, Truqap plus fulvestrant should be combined with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. For men, administration of LHRH agonist according to current clinical practice standards should be considered.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/truqap","document_date":"06/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Truqap — EPAR, 06/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0050","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"carglumic-acid","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/carglumic-acid","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"401713","display":"carglumic acid"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000461","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004019","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Carglumic acid","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Acid carglumic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Carglumsäure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Acide carglumique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ácido carglúmico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Acido carglumico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ácido carglúmico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kwas karglumowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kyselina karglumová","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kyselina karglumová","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Karglumsav","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karglumik asit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καργλουμικό οξύ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Карглумовая кислота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карглумова кислота","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Carbaglu"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ucedane"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"carglumic acid","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Carbaglu","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000461","lang":"en","text":"Carbaglu is indicated in treatment of:  hyperammonaemia due to N-acetylglutamate-synthase primary deficiency; hyperammonaemia due to isovaleric acidaemia; hyperammonaemia due to methymalonic acidaemia; hyperammonaemia due to propionic acidaemia.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/carbaglu","document_date":"09/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Carbaglu — EPAR, 09/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Carglumic Acid","product_id":"591f95ca-3d99-4fb6-a402-e5a383a746d0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS & USAGE Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension is a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS 1) activator indicated in pediatric and adult patients as: Adjunctive therapy to standard of care for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency. (1.1) Maintenance therapy for the treatment of chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency. (1.1) 1.1 Acute and Chronic Hyperammonemia due to N-acetylglutamate Synthase (NAGS) Deficiency Carglumic acid tablets for oral suspension are indicated in adult and pediatric patients as: Adjunctive therapy to standard of care for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency. Maintenance therapy for the treatment of chronic hyperammonemia due to NAGS deficiency.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=591f95ca-3d99-4fb6-a402-e5a383a746d0","document_date":"20260303","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0051","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cariprazine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cariprazine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1667655","display":"cariprazine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002770","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cariprazine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cariprazină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cariprazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cariprazine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cariprazina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cariprazina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cariprazina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kariprazyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kariprazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kariprazín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kariprazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kariprazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καριπραζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Карипразин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Карипразин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Reagila"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vraylar"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cariprazine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Reagila","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002770","lang":"en","text":"Reagila is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/reagila","document_date":"08/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Reagila — EPAR, 08/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Vraylar","product_id":"4b5f7c65-aa2d-452a-b3db-bc85c06ff12f","lang":"en","text":"1 . INDICATIONS AND USAGE VRAYLAR ® is indicated for: • Treatment of schizophrenia in adult and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] • Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adult and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] • Treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (bipolar depression) in adult patients [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )] • Adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adult patients [see Clinical Studies ( 14.4 )] VRAYLAR is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: Treatment of schizophrenia in adults and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older ( 1 ) Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older ( 1 ) Treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (bipolar depression) in adults ( 1 ) Adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4b5f7c65-aa2d-452a-b3db-bc85c06ff12f","document_date":"20251218","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0052","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"carmustine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/carmustine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2105","display":"carmustine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004326","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Carmustine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Carmustină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Carmustin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Carmustine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Carmustina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Carmustina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Carmustina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Karmustyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Karmustin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Karmustín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Karmusztin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Karmustin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Καρμουστίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кармустин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кармустин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Carmustine medac (previously Carmustine Obvius)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Gliadel"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0099","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"carmustine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Carmustine medac (previously Carmustine Obvius)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004326","lang":"en","text":"Carmustine is indicated n adults in the following malignant neoplasms as a single agent or in combination with other antineoplastic agents and/or other therapeutic measures (radiotherapy, surgery):  Brain tumours (glioblastoma, brain-stem gliomas, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma and ependymoma), brain metastases Secondary therapy in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease as conditioning treatment prior to autologous haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) in malignant haematological diseases (Hodgkin’s disease / Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/carmustine-medac","document_date":"03/09/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Carmustine medac (previously Carmustine Obvius) — EPAR, 03/09/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CARMUSTINE","product_id":"b9b47082-32ee-4abb-a7b2-52292894d3f8","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Carmustine for Injection, USP is a nitrosourea indicated as palliative therapy as a single agent or in established combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in the following: Brain tumors glioblastoma, brainstem glioma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, ependymoma, and metastatic brain tumors ( 1 ) Multiple myeloma-in combination with prednisone ( 1 ) Relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma in combination with other approved drugs ( 1 ) Relapsed or refractory Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in combination with other approved drugs ( 1 ) Carmustine for Injection, USP is indicated as palliative therapy as a single agent or in established combination therapy in the following: Brain tumors glioblastoma, brainstem glioma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, ependymoma, and metastatic brain tumors. Multiple myeloma in combination with prednisone. Relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma in combination with other approved drugs. Relapsed or refractory Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in combination with other approved drugs.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b9b47082-32ee-4abb-a7b2-52292894d3f8","document_date":"20260409","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0053","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"caspofungin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/caspofungin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"140108","display":"caspofungin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000379","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Caspofungin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Caspofungină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Caspofungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Caspofungine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Caspofungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Caspofungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Caspofungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kaspofungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kaspofungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kaspofungín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kaszpofungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kaspofungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κασποφουγκίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Каспофунгин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Каспофунгін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cancidas (previously Caspofungin MSD)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0043","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0046","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"caspofungin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cancidas (previously Caspofungin MSD)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000379","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of invasive candidiasis in adult or paediatric patients; treatment of invasive aspergillosis in adult or paediatric patients who are refractory to or intolerant of amphotericin B, lipid formulations of amphotericin B and / or itraconazole. Refractoriness is defined as progression of infection or failure to improve after a minimum of seven days of prior therapeutic doses of effective antifungal therapy; empirical therapy for presumed fungal infections (such as Candida or Aspergillus) in febrile, neutropaenic adult or paediatric patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cancidas","document_date":"08/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cancidas (previously Caspofungin MSD) — EPAR, 08/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0054","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ceftaroline-fosamil","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ceftaroline-fosamil","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1040004","display":"ceftaroline fosamil"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002252","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ceftaroline fosamil","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolină fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolinfosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ceftaroline fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolina fosamilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolina fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolina fosamilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolina fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolin-fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolín fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ceftarolin-fozamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Seftarolin fosamil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κεφταρολίνη φοσαμίλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Цефтаролина фосамил","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цефтароліну фосаміл","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zinforo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Teflaro"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ceftaroline fosamil","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zinforo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002252","lang":"en","text":"Zinforo is indicated for the treatment of the following infections in neonates, infants, children, adolescents and adults:  Complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTI) Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)  Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zinforo","document_date":"09/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zinforo — EPAR, 09/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Ceftaroline Fosamil","product_id":"3cee3c08-ed60-06c5-ac49-103b7ad2ef5f","lang":"en","text":"1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ceftaroline fosamil for injection is a cephalosporin antibacterial indicated in adult and pediatric patients for the treatment of the following infection caused by designated susceptible bacteria: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) in adult and pediatric patients (at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age) ( 1.1 ) Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adult and pediatric patients 2 months of age and older ( 1.2 ) To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection and other antibacterial drugs, ceftaroline fosamil for injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Ceftaroline fosamil for injection is indicated in adult and pediatric patients (at least 34 weeks gestational age and 12 days postnatal age) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) caused by susceptible isolates of the following Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus agalactiae , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella oxytoca [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )]. 1.2 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Ceftaroline fosamil for injection is indicated in adult and pediatric patients 2 months of age and older for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) caused by susceptible isolates of the following Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae (including cases with concurrent bacteremia), Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible isolates only), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli. 1.3 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ceftaroline fosamil for injection and other antibacterial drugs, ceftaroline fosamil for injection should be used to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. Appropriate specimens for microbiological examination should be obtained in order to isolate and identify the causative pathogens and to determine their susceptibility to ceftaroline. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3cee3c08-ed60-06c5-ac49-103b7ad2ef5f","document_date":"20260529","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0055","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cenobamate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cenobamate","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2265690","display":"cenobamate"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005377","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cenobamate","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cénobamate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cenobamát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Senobamat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κενοβαμάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ценобамат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ценобамат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ontozry"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xcopri"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xcopri Maintenance Pack"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xcopri Titration Pack"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cenobamate","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ontozry","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005377","lang":"en","text":"Adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adult patients with epilepsy who have not been adequately controlled despite a history of treatment with at least 2 anti-epileptic medicinal products.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ontozry","document_date":"01/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ontozry — EPAR, 01/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Xcopri","product_id":"565c2126-57ae-4e29-b443-723bbe7e2072","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XCOPRI is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adult patients. XCOPRI is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adult patients. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=565c2126-57ae-4e29-b443-723bbe7e2072","document_date":"20250825","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0056","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"certolizumab-pegol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/certolizumab-pegol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"709271","display":"certolizumab pegol"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001037","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pégol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Certolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sertolizumab pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σερτολιζουμάμπη πεγόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Цертолизумаб пэгол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цертолізумаб пегол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cimzia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"certolizumab pegol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cimzia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001037","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis Cimzia, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for:  the treatment of moderate to severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult patients when the response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including MTX, has been inadequate. Cimzia can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or when continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate the treatment of severe, active and progressive RA in adults not previously treated with MTX or other DMARDs.  Cimzia has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X ray and to improve physical function, when given in combination with MTX. Axial spondyloarthritis  Cimzia is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with severe active axial spondyloarthritis, comprising: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) Adults with severe active ankylosing spondylitis who have had an inadequate response to, or are intolerant to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Axial spondyloarthritis without radiographic evidence of AS Adults with severe active axial spondyloarthritis without radiographic evidence of AS but with objective signs of inflammation by elevated C reactive protein (CRP) and /or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), who have had an inadequate response to, or are intolerant to NSAIDs. Psoriatic arthritis  Cimzia, in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adults when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Cimzia can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or when continued treatment with methotrexate is inappropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cimzia","document_date":"19/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cimzia — EPAR, 19/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Cimzia","product_id":"b4c2c9dc-a0bb-4d64-a667-a67ebe88392d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CIMZIA is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for: Reducing signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease and maintaining clinical response in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis ( 1.2 ) Treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older ( 1.3 ) Treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis. ( 1.4 ) Treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis ( 1.5 ) Treatment of adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation ( 1.6 ) Treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy ( 1.7 ) 1.1 Crohn's Disease CIMZIA is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease and maintaining clinical response in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. 1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis CIMZIA is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1.3 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis CIMZIA is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older. 1.4 Psoriatic Arthritis CIMZIA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). 1.5 Ankylosing Spondylitis CIMZIA is indicated for the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] 1.6 Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis CIMZIA is indicated for the treatment of adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) with objective signs of inflammation [see Clinical Studies (14.6) ]. 1.7 Plaque Psoriasis CIMZIA is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy [see Clinical Studies (14.7) ]","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b4c2c9dc-a0bb-4d64-a667-a67ebe88392d","document_date":"20260224","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0057","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cetuximab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cetuximab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"318341","display":"cetuximab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000558","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cetuximab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cétuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cetuksymab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Setuksimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σετουξιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Цетуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цетуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Erbitux"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cetuximab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Erbitux","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000558","lang":"en","text":"Erbitux is indicated for the treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing, RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer:  in combination with irinotecan-based chemotherapy; in first-line in combination with FOLFOX; as a single agent in patients who have failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based therapy and who are intolerant to irinotecan.  For details, see section 5.1. Erbitux is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer:   in combination with encorafenib and FOLFOX for the first line treatment; in combination with encorafenib in patients who have received prior systemic therapy.   For details, see section 5.1, for biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2.  Erbitux is indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck:  in combination with radiation therapy for locally advanced disease; in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy for recurrent and/or metastatic disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/erbitux","document_date":"15/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Erbitux — EPAR, 15/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ERBITUX","product_id":"8bc6397e-4bd8-4d37-a007-a327e4da34d9","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ERBITUX ® is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist indicated for treatment of: Head and Neck Cancer Locally or regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in combination with radiation therapy. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) Recurrent locoregional disease or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in combination with platinum-based therapy with fluorouracil. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) Recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck progressing after platinum-based therapy. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) Colorectal Cancer K-Ras wild-type, EGFR-expressing, metastatic colorectal cancer as determined by an FDA-approved test in combination with FOLFIRI for first-line treatment, in combination with irinotecan in patients who are refractory to irinotecan-based chemotherapy, as a single-agent in patients who have failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy or who are intolerant to irinotecan. ( 1.2 , 5.7 , 12.1 , 14.2 ) Limitations of Use: ERBITUX is not indicated for treatment of Ras-mutant colorectal cancer or when the results of the Ras mutation tests are unknown. ( 5.7 ) BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, after prior therapy. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) ERBITUX ® is indicated: in combination with radiation therapy for the initial treatment of locally or regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). in combination with platinum-based therapy with fluorouracil for the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent locoregional disease or metastatic SCCHN. as a single-agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN for whom prior platinum-based therapy has failed. 1.2 K-Ras Wild-type, EGFR-expressing Colorectal Cancer (CRC) ERBITUX is indicated for the treatment of K-Ras wild-type, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as determined by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 )] : in combination with FOLFIRI (irinotecan, fluorouracil, leucovorin) for first-line treatment, in combination with irinotecan in patients who are refractory to irinotecan-based chemotherapy, as a single-agent in patients who have failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy or who are intolerant to irinotecan. Limitations of Use: ERBITUX is not indicated for treatment of Ras-mutant colorectal cancer or when the results of the Ras mutation tests are unknown [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . 1.3 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC) ERBITUX is indicated, in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, after prior therapy [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8bc6397e-4bd8-4d37-a007-a327e4da34d9","document_date":"20260416","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0058","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"choriogonadotropin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/choriogonadotropin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000320","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Choriogonadotropin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Coriogonadotropină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Choriogonadotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Choriogonadotropine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Coriogonadotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Coriogonadotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Coriogonadotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Choriogonadotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Choriogonadotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Choriogonadotropín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Koriogonadotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Koriyogonadotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χοριογοναδοτροπίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Хориогонадотропин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Хоріогонадотропін альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ovitrelle"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ovidrel"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0420","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"choriogonadotropin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ovitrelle","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000320","lang":"en","text":"Ovitrelle is indicated in the treatment of:  women undergoing superovulation prior to assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF): Ovitrelle is administered to trigger final follicular maturation and luteinisation after stimulation of follicular growth; anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory women: Ovitrelle is administered to trigger ovulation and luteinisation in anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory patients after stimulation of follicular growth.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ovitrelle","document_date":"23/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ovitrelle — EPAR, 23/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Pregnyl","product_id":"1e94155f-19be-4944-b197-be4edbb4faf9","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE HCG HAS NOT BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE EFFECTIVE ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY. THERE IS NO SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE THAT IT INCREASES WEIGHT LOSS BEYOND THAT RESULTING FROM CALORIC RESTRICTION, THAT IT CAUSES A MORE ATTRACTIVE OR “NORMAL” DISTRIBUTION OF FAT, OR THAT IT DECREASES THE HUNGER AND DISCOMFORT ASSOCIATED WITH CALORIE-RESTRICTED DIETS. Prepubertal cryptorchidism not due to anatomical obstruction. In general, hCG is thought to induce testicular descent in situations when descent would have occurred at puberty. hCG thus may help predict whether or not orchiopexy will be needed in the future. Although, in some cases, descent following hCG administration is permanent, in most cases, the response is temporary. Therapy is usually instituted in children between the ages of 4 and 9. Selected cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hypogonadism secondary to a pituitary deficiency) in males. Induction of ovulation and pregnancy in the anovulatory, infertile woman in whom the cause of anovulation is secondary and not due to primary ovarian failure, and who has been appropriately treated with human gonadotropins.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1e94155f-19be-4944-b197-be4edbb4faf9","document_date":"20251202","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0059","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ciclosporin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ciclosporin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"3008","display":"cyclosporine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002066","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004411","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006250","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ciclosporin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ciclosporină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ciclosporin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ciclosporine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ciclosporina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ciclosporina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ciclosporina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cyklosporyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cyklosporin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cyklosporín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ciklosporin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Siklosporin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κυκλοσπορίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Циклоспорин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Циклоспорин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ikervis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Verkazia"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vevizye"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ciclosporin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ikervis","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002066","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of severe keratitis in adult patients with dry eye disease, which has not improved despite treatment with tear substitutes.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ikervis","document_date":"23/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ikervis — EPAR, 23/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Verkazia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004411","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in children from 4 years of age and adolescents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/verkazia","document_date":"15/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Verkazia — EPAR, 15/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vevizye","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006250","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of moderate to severe dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in adult patients, which has not improved despite treatment with tear substitutes.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vevizye","document_date":"24/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vevizye — EPAR, 24/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0060","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cladribine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cladribine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"44157","display":"cladribine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000504","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004230","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cladribine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cladribină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cladribin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cladribine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cladribina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cladribina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cladribina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kladrybina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kladribin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kladribín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kladribin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kladribin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κλαδριβίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кладрибин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кладрибін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Litak"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mavenclad"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cladribine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Litak","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000504","lang":"en","text":"Litak is indicated for the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/litak","document_date":"03/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Litak — EPAR, 03/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Mavenclad","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004230","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adult patients with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) as defined by clinical or imaging features.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mavenclad","document_date":"13/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mavenclad — EPAR, 13/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Cladribine","product_id":"e0b363cb-db83-44d6-89d0-1f7176be7459","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Cladribine is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include relapsing-remitting disease and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. Because of its safety profile, use of cladribine is generally recommended for patients who have had an inadequate response to, or are unable to tolerate, an alternate drug indicated for the treatment of MS [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ]. Cladribine is a purine antimetabolite indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include relapsing-remitting disease and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. Because of its safety profile, use of cladribine is generally recommended for patients who have had an inadequate response to, or are unable to tolerate, an alternate drug indicated for the treatment of MS. ( 1 , 5 ) Limitations of Use Cladribine is not recommended for use in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) because of its safety profile . ( 1 , 5 ) Limitations of Use Cladribine is not recommended for use in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) because of its safety profile [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e0b363cb-db83-44d6-89d0-1f7176be7459","document_date":"20260619","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0061","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"clascoterone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/clascoterone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2474340","display":"clascoterone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006138","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Clascoterone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Clascoteronă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Clascoteron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Clascotérone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Clascoterona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Clascoterone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Clascoterona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Klaskoteron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Klaskoteron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Klaskoterón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Klaszkoteron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Klaskoteron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κλασκοτερόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Класкотерон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Класкотерон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Winlevi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0364","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Acne Vulgaris — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"clascoterone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Winlevi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006138","lang":"en","text":"Adults Winlevi is indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Adolescents (from 12 to < 18 years of age) Winlevi is indicated for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/winlevi","document_date":"10/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Winlevi — EPAR, 10/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Winlevi","product_id":"1673a84b-7f5c-47ab-a99c-1e3db21a6a09","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE WINLEVI (clascoterone) cream is an androgen receptor inhibitor indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older. WINLEVI (clascoterone) cream is an androgen receptor inhibitor indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1673a84b-7f5c-47ab-a99c-1e3db21a6a09","document_date":"20250102","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0062","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"clopidogrel","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/clopidogrel","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"32968","display":"clopidogrel"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000175","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000174","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000975","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001059","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001053","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001137","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001134","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001138","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001056","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001136","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001058","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001189","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002255","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004006","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Clopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Klopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Klopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Klopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Klopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Klopidogrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κλοπιδογρέλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Клопидогрел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Клопідогрель","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"クロピドグレル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"클로피도그렐","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"氯吡格雷","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كلوبيدوغريل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"क्लोपिडोग्रेल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Iscover"},{"lang":"en","text":"Plavix"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel Zentiva (previously Clopidogrel Winthrop)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Grepid"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel Teva (hydrogen sulphate)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel Krka d.d. (previously Zopya)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel Taw Pharma (previously Clopidogrel Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel BGR (previously Zylagren)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel Krka"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel TAD"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zyllt"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel Viatris (previously Clopidogrel Taw Pharma)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel HCS"},{"lang":"en","text":"Clopidogrel ratiopharm"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"clopidogrel","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Clopidogrel Zentiva (previously Clopidogrel Winthrop)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000975","lang":"en","text":"Secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events Clopidogrel is indicated in:  adult patients suffering from myocardial infarction (from a few days until less than 35 days), ischaemic stroke (from seven days until less than six months) or established peripheral arterial disease; adult patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome:  non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction), including patients undergoing a stent placement following percutaneous coronary intervention, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction, in combination with ASA in medically treated patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy.    Prevention of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation In adult patients with atrial fibrillation who have at least one risk factor for vascular events, are not suitable for treatment with vitamin-K antagonists and who have a low bleeding risk, clopidogrel is indicated in combination with ASA for the prevention of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events, including stroke. For further information please refer to section 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/clopidogrel-zentiva","document_date":"03/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Clopidogrel Zentiva (previously Clopidogrel Winthrop) — EPAR, 03/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Iscover","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000175","lang":"en","text":"Secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events Clopidogrel is indicated in:  Adult patients suffering from myocardial infarction (from a few days until less than 35 days), ischaemic stroke (from 7 days until less than 6 months) or established peripheral arterial disease. Adult patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome:  Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction), including patients undergoing a stent placement following percutaneous coronary intervention, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, in combination with ASA in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (including patients undergoing a stent placement) or medically treated patients eligible for thrombolytic/fibrinolytic therapy.    In patients with moderate to high-risk Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or minor Ischemic Stroke (IS)Clopidogrel in combination with ASA is indicated in:  Adult patients with moderate to high-risk TIA (ABCD2  score ?4) or minor IS (NIHSS  ?3) within 24 hours of either the TIA or IS event.  Prevention of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation In adult patients with atrial fibrillation who have at least one risk factor for vascular events, are not suitable for treatment with Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and who have a low bleeding risk, clopidogrel is indicated in combination with ASA for the prevention of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events, including stroke.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/iscover","document_date":"26/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Iscover — EPAR, 26/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Plavix","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000174","lang":"en","text":"Secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events Clopidogrel is indicated in:  adult patients suffering from myocardial infarction (from a few days until less than 35 days), ischaemic stroke (from seven days until less than six months) or established peripheral arterial disease; adult patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome:  non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction), including patients undergoing a stent placement following percutaneous coronary intervention, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction, in combination with ASA in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (including patients undergoing a stent replacement) or medically treated patients eligible for thrombolytic/fibrinolytic therapy. In patients with moderate to high-risk Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or minor Ischemic Stroke (IS) \t\tClopidogrel in combination with ASA is indicated in:  Adult patients with moderate to high-risk TIA (ABCD2  score ?4) or minor IS (NIHSS  ?3) within 24 hours of either the TIA or IS event.      Prevention of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation In adult patients with atrial fibrillation who have at least one risk factor for vascular events, are not suitable for treatment with vitamin-K antagonists and who have a low bleeding risk, clopidogrel is indicated in combination with ASA for the prevention of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events, including stroke.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/plavix","document_date":"14/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Plavix — EPAR, 14/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Clopidogrel","product_id":"55731d95-0c99-ff61-e063-6394a90a1ab5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS & USAGE Clopidogrel is a P2Y 12 platelet inhibitor indicated for: • Acute coronary syndrome - For patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS (unstable angina [UA]/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the rate of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. ( 1.1 ) - For patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the rate of MI and stroke. ( 1.1 ) • Recent MI, recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease. Clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the rate of MI and stroke. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) • Clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the rate of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS (unstable angina [UA]/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), including patients who are to be managed medically and those who are to be managed with coronary revascularization. Clopidogrel should be administered in conjunction with aspirin. • Clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the rate of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are to be managed medically. Clopidogrel should be administered in conjunction with aspirin. 1.2 Recent MI, Recent Stroke, or Established Peripheral Arterial Disease In patients with established peripheral arterial disease or with a history of recent myocardial infarction (MI) or recent stroke clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the rate of MI and stroke.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=55731d95-0c99-ff61-e063-6394a90a1ab5","document_date":"20260630","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0063","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cobicistat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cobicistat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1306284","display":"cobicistat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002572","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cobicistat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cobicistate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kobicystat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kobicistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kobicisztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kobisistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κομπισιστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кобицистат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кобіцистат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tybost"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cobicistat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tybost","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002572","lang":"en","text":"Tybost is indicated as a pharmacokinetic enhancer of atazanavir 300 mg once daily or darunavir 800 mg once daily as part of antiretroviral combination therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older:  weighing at least 35 kg co?administered with atazanavir or weighing at least 40 kg co?administered with darunavir.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tybost","document_date":"14/02/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tybost — EPAR, 14/02/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tybost","product_id":"3784c35c-e87f-410c-900b-8fd6313c6010","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TYBOST is a CYP3A inhibitor indicated to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients weighing at least 14 kg. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use : TYBOST is not interchangeable with ritonavir to increase systemic exposure of darunavir 600 mg twice daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, or tipranavir due to lack of exposure data. The use of TYBOST is not recommended with darunavir 600 mg twice daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, or tipranavir. ( 1.2 , 5.4 ) Complex or unknown mechanisms of drug interactions preclude extrapolation of ritonavir drug interactions to certain TYBOST interactions. TYBOST and ritonavir when administered with either atazanavir or darunavir may result in different drug interactions when used with concomitant medications. ( 1.2 , 5.3 , 7 , 12.3 ) 1.1 Indications Adult Patients: TYBOST is a CYP3A inhibitor indicated to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. Pediatric Patients: TYBOST is a CYP3A inhibitor indicated to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in pediatric patients weighing at least 14 kg [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) , and Drug Interactions (7.3) ]. 1.2 Limitations of Use TYBOST is not interchangeable with ritonavir to increase systemic exposure of darunavir 600 mg twice daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, or tipranavir due to lack of exposure data. The use of TYBOST is not recommended with darunavir 600 mg twice daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, or tipranavir [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. Complex or unknown mechanisms of drug interactions preclude extrapolation of ritonavir drug interactions to certain TYBOST interactions. TYBOST and ritonavir when administered with either atazanavir or darunavir may result in different drug interactions when used with concomitant medications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) , Drug Interactions (7) , and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3784c35c-e87f-410c-900b-8fd6313c6010","document_date":"20260210","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0064","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cobimetinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cobimetinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1722365","display":"cobimetinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003960","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cobimetinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cobimétinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kobimetynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kobimetinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κομπιμετινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кобиметиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кобіметиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cotellic"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cobimetinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cotellic","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003960","lang":"en","text":"Cotellic is indicated for use in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cotellic","document_date":"24/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cotellic — EPAR, 24/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Cotellic","product_id":"c387579e-cee0-4334-bd1e-73f93ac1bde6","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE COTELLIC ® is a kinase inhibitor indicated: For the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, in combination with vemurafenib. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) As a single agent for the treatment of adult patients with histiocytic neoplasms. ( 1.2 , 14.2 ) 1.1 Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma COTELLIC ® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, in combination with vemurafenib. 1.2 Histiocytic Neoplasms COTELLIC®, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with histiocytic neoplasms.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c387579e-cee0-4334-bd1e-73f93ac1bde6","document_date":"20260729","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0065","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"colchicine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/colchicine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2683","display":"colchicine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006653","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Colchicine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Colchicină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Colchicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Colchicine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Colchicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colchicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Colchicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kolchicyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kolchicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kolchicín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kolchicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kolşisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κολχικίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Колхицин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Колхіцин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"コルヒチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"콜히친","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"秋水仙碱","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كولشيسين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कोल्चिसिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Colchicine Agepha Pharma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Gloperba"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"colchicine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Colchicine Agepha Pharma","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006653","lang":"en","text":"Colchicine AGEPHA Pharma is indicated for secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with coronary disease stable for at least 6 months.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/colchicine-agepha-pharma","document_date":"09/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Colchicine Agepha Pharma — EPAR, 09/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Colchicine","product_id":"5a0b4246-e7dd-29e5-e063-6294a90a2871","lang":"en","text":"1.1 Gout Flares Colchicine tablets are indicated for prophylaxis and the treatment of acute gout flares. • Prophylaxis of Gout Flares: Colchicine tablets are indicated for prophylaxis of gout flares. • Treatment of Gout Flares: Colchicine tablets are indicated for treatment of acute gout flares when taken at the first sign of a flare. 1.2 Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Colchicine tablets are indicated in adults and children four years or older for treatment of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5a0b4246-e7dd-29e5-e063-6294a90a2871","document_date":"20260827","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0066","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"colistimethate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/colistimethate","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001225","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Colistimethate","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Colistimetat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Colistimethat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Colistiméthate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Colistimetato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Colistimetato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Colistimetato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kolistymetat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kolistimethát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kolistimetát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Kolisztimetát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Kolistimetat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κολιστιμεθάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Колистиметат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Колістиметат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"colistimethate sodium"},{"lang":"en","text":"Colobreathe"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0159","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"colistimethate","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Colobreathe","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001225","lang":"en","text":"Colobreathe is indicated for the management of chronic pulmonary infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged six years and older. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/colobreathe","document_date":"20/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Colobreathe — EPAR, 20/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Colistimethate","product_id":"8ec7dc90-825c-422e-9f4b-c8ace9d93af5","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Colistimethate for Injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli. It is particularly indicated when the infection is caused by sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . This antibiotic is not indicated for infections due to Proteus or Neisseria . Colistimethate for Injection, USP has proven clinically effective in treatment of infections due to the following gram-negative organisms: Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistimethate for Injection, USP may be used to initiate therapy in serious infections that are suspected to be due to gram-negative organisms and in the treatment of infections due to susceptible gram-negative pathogenic bacilli. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Colistimethate for Injection, USP and other antibacterial drugs, Colistimethate for Injection, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8ec7dc90-825c-422e-9f4b-c8ace9d93af5","document_date":"20260326","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0067","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"concizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/concizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2708333","display":"concizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005938","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Concizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Concizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Concizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Concizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Concizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Concizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Concizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Koncyzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Koncizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Koncizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Koncizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Konsizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κονσιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Концизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Концизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Alhemo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"concizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Alhemo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005938","lang":"en","text":"Alhemo is indicated for routine prophylaxis of bleeding in patients 12 years of age or more with: •    haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) with FVIII inhibitors.•    severe haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency, FVIII < 1%) without FVIII inhibitors.•    haemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency) with FIX inhibitors.•    moderate/severe haemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency, FIX ≤ 2%) without FIX inhibitors.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/alhemo","document_date":"25/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Alhemo — EPAR, 25/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Alhemo","product_id":"156f6404-1f6f-417f-bcf8-f07a27a82cc1","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Alhemo is indicated for routine prophylaxis to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with: • hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) with or without FVIII inhibitors • hemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency) with or without FIX inhibitors Alhemo is a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antagonist indicated for routine prophylaxis to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with: • hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) with or without FVIII inhibitors • hemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency) with or without FIX inhibitors ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=156f6404-1f6f-417f-bcf8-f07a27a82cc1","document_date":"20250701","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0068","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"corifollitropin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/corifollitropin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001106","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Corifollitropin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Corifolitropină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Corifollitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Corifollitropine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Corifolitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Corifollitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Corifolitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Koryfolitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Korifolitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Korifolitropín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Korifollitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Korifollitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κοριφολλιτροπίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Корифоллитропин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Корифолітропін альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Elonva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"corifollitropin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Elonva","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001106","lang":"en","text":"Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) in combination with a GnRH antagonist for the development of multiple follicles in women participating in an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) program. Elonva is indicated for the treatment of adolescent males (14 to less than 18 years and older) with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in combination with human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/elonva","document_date":"30/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Elonva — EPAR, 30/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0069","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dabrafenib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dabrafenib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1424911","display":"dabrafenib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002604","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005885","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafénib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dabrafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νταμπραφενίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дабрафениб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дабрафеніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tafinlar"},{"lang":"en","text":"Finlee"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dabrafenib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Finlee","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005885","lang":"en","text":"Low-grade glioma Finlee in combination with trametinib is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and older with low-grade glioma (LGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy. High-grade glioma Finlee in combination with trametinib is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and older with high-grade glioma (HGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who have received at least one prior radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/finlee","document_date":"30/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Finlee — EPAR, 30/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Tafinlar","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002604","lang":"en","text":"Melanoma Dabrafenib as monotherapy or in combination with trametinib is indicated for the treatment of adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Adjuvant treatment of melanoma Dabrafenib in combination with trametinib is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older with Stage III melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation, following complete resection. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Dabrafenib in combination with trametinib is indicated for the treatment of adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with a BRAF V600 mutation. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) Dabrafenib in combination with trametinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation, refractory to or not eligible for radioactive iodine (RAI) who have progressed during or after prior systemic therapy (for biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tafinlar","document_date":"19/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tafinlar — EPAR, 19/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tafinlar","product_id":"fee1e6b1-e1a5-4254-9f2e-a70e0f8dbdea","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TAFINLAR is a kinase inhibitor indicated as a single agent for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib , for: the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and involvement of lymph node(s), following complete resection. ( 1.3 , 2.1 ) the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.4 , 2.1 ) the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options. ( 1.5 , 2.1 ) the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with BRAF V600E mutation who have progressed following prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR). Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s). ( 1.6 , 2.1 ) the treatment of pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with low-grade glioma (LGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy. ( 1.7 , 2.1 ) Limitations of Use : TAFINLAR is not indicated for treatment of patients with colorectal cancer because of known intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibition. ( 1.8 , 12.1 ) TAFINLAR is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF solid tumors. ( 5.2 ) 1.1 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma TAFINLAR ® is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. 1.2 BRAF V600E or V600K Mutation-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.3 Adjuvant Treatment of BRAF V600E or V600K Mutation-Positive Melanoma TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and involvement of lymph node(s), following complete resection [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.4 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic NSCLC TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.5 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.6 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with BRAF V600E mutation who have progressed following prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) [see Clinical Studies (14.6)] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s). 1.7 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Low-Grade Glioma TAFINLAR is indicated, in combination with trametinib, for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with low-grade glioma (LGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.8 Limitations of Use TAFINLAR is not indicated for treatment of patients with colorectal cancer because of known intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibition [see Indications and Usage (1.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] . TAFINLAR is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF solid tumors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fee1e6b1-e1a5-4254-9f2e-a70e0f8dbdea","document_date":"20260520","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0070","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"damoctocog-alfa-pegol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/damoctocog-alfa-pegol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2055655","display":"damoctocog alfa pegol"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004054","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Damoctocog alfa pegol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Damoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Damoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Damoctocog alfa pégol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Damoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Damoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Damoctocogue alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Damoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Damoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Damoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Damoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Damoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νταμοκτοκόγη άλφα πεγόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дамоктоког альфа пэгол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дамоктоког альфа пегол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Jivi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"damoctocog alfa pegol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jivi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004054","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in previously treated patients (PTPs) ≥ 7 years of age with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jivi","document_date":"04/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jivi — EPAR, 04/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0071","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dapagliflozin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dapagliflozin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1488564","display":"dapagliflozin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002322","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004161","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006006","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dapagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νταπαγλιφλοζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дапаглифлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дапагліфлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ダパグリフロジン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"다파글리플로진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"达格列净","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"داباغليفلوزين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डैपाग्लिफ्लोज़िन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Forxiga"},{"lang":"en","text":"Edistride"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dapagliflozin Viatris"},{"lang":"en","text":"FARXIGA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dapagliflozin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Edistride","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004161","lang":"en","text":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus Edistride is indicated in adults and children aged 10 years and above for the treatment of insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance. in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  For study results with respect to combination of therapies, effects on glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1. Heart failure Edistride is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure. Chronic kidney disease Edistride is indicated in adults for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/edistride","document_date":"11/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Edistride — EPAR, 11/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Forxiga","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002322","lang":"en","text":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus Forxiga is indicated in adults and children aged 10 years and above for the treatment of insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance. in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  For study results with respect to combination of therapies, effects on glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1. Heart failure Forxiga is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure. Chronic kidney disease Forxiga is indicated in adults for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/forxiga","document_date":"11/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Forxiga — EPAR, 11/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"DAPAGLIFLOZIN","product_id":"05c3cf00-8c2a-4227-958a-fa5db34512b0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dapagliflozin tablets are indicated: To reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and either established cardiovascular (CV) disease or multiple CV risk factors. As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use Dapagliflozin tablets are not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Dapagliflozin tablets are not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Dapagliflozin tablets are likely to be ineffective in this setting based upon its mechanism of action. Pediatric use information is approved for AstraZeneca AB’s Farxiga ® (dapagliflozin) Tablets. However, due to AstraZeneca AB’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. Dapagliflozin tablets is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and either established cardiovascular (CV) disease or multiple CV risk factors. ( 1 ) As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Limitations of use: Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Dapagliflozin tablets are likely to be ineffective in this setting based upon its mechanism of action. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=05c3cf00-8c2a-4227-958a-fa5db34512b0","document_date":"20260908","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0072","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"darbepoetin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/darbepoetin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"283838","display":"darbepoetin alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000332","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Darbepoetin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Darbépoétine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetyna alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Darbepoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νταρμπεποετίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дарбэпоэтин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дарбепоетин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aranesp"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"darbepoetin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aranesp","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000332","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in adults and paediatric patients. Treatment of symptomatic anaemia in adult cancer patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aranesp","document_date":"13/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aranesp — EPAR, 13/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ARANESP","product_id":"0fd36cb9-c4f6-4167-93c9-8530865db3f9","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Aranesp is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) indicated for the treatment of anemia due to: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis ( 1.1 ). The effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy ( 1.2 ). Limitations of Use Aranesp has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being ( 1.3 ). Aranesp is not indicated for use: In patients with cancer receiving hormonal agents, biologic products, or radiotherapy, unless also receiving concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy ( 1.3 ). In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy when the anticipated outcome is cure ( 1.3 ). In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy in whom the anemia can be managed by transfusion ( 1.3 ). As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia ( 1.3 ). 1.1 Anemia Due to Chronic Kidney Disease Aranesp is indicated for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD), including patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis. 1.2 Anemia Due to Chemotherapy in Patients with Cancer Aranesp is indicated for the treatment of anemia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies where anemia is due to the effect of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy. 1.3 Limitations of Use Aranesp has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being. Aranesp is not indicated for use: • In patients with cancer receiving hormonal agents, biologic products, or radiotherapy, unless also receiving concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy. • In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy when the anticipated outcome is cure. • In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy in whom the anemia can be managed by transfusion. • As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0fd36cb9-c4f6-4167-93c9-8530865db3f9","document_date":"20260707","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0073","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"darunavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/darunavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"460132","display":"darunavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000707","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004068","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004273","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Darunavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Darunawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Darunavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νταρουναβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дарунавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дарунавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Prezista"},{"lang":"en","text":"Darunavir Viatris (previously Darunavir Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Darunavir Krka"},{"lang":"en","text":"Darunavir 600 and 800 mg"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"darunavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Prezista","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000707","lang":"en","text":"PREZISTA, co administered with low dose ritonavir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) infection in adult and paediatric patients from the age of 3 years and at least 15 kg body weight. PREZISTA, co administered with cobicistat is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) infection in adults and adolescents (aged 12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg). In deciding to initiate treatment with PREZISTA co administered with cobicistat or low dose ritonavir, careful consideration should be given to the treatment history of the individual patient and the patterns of mutations associated with different agents. Genotypic or phenotypic testing (when available) and treatment history should guide the use of PREZISTA. PREZISTA, co administered with low dose ritonavir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) infection. PREZISTA 75 mg, 150 mg, and 600 mg tablets may be used to provide suitable dose regimens:  For the treatment of HIV 1 infection in antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adult patients, including those that have been highly pre treated. For the treatment of HIV 1 infection in paediatric patients from the age of 3 years and at least 15 kg body weight.  In deciding to initiate treatment with PREZISTA co administered with low dose ritonavir, careful consideration should be given to the treatment history of the individual patient and the patterns of mutations associated with different agents. Genotypic or phenotypic testing (when available) and treatment history should guide the use of PREZISTA. PREZISTA, co administered with low dose ritonavir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) infection. PREZISTA, co administered with cobicistat is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) infection in adults and adolescents (aged 12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg). PREZISTA 400 mg and 800 mg tablets may be used to provide suitable dose regimens for the treatment of HIV 1 infection in adult and paediatric patients from the age of 3 years and at least 40 kg body weight who are:  antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve. ART experienced with no darunavir resistance associated mutations (DRV RAMs) and who have plasma HIV 1 RNA < 100,000 copies/ml and CD4+ cell count ? 100 cells x 106/L. In deciding to initiate treatment with PREZISTA in such ART experienced patients, genotypic testing should guide the use of PREZISTA.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/prezista","document_date":"26/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Prezista — EPAR, 26/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Darunavir","product_id":"e80e44f8-1987-4b78-a63d-a4e4d5122ddb","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Darunavir tablets, co-administered with ritonavir (darunavir/ritonavir), in combination with other antiretroviral agents, is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in adult and pediatric patients 3 years of age and older [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14)] . Darunavir tablets are a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) protease inhibitor indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult and pediatric patients 3 years of age and older. Darunavir tablets must be co-administered with ritonavir (darunavir/ritonavir) and with other antiretroviral agents. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e80e44f8-1987-4b78-a63d-a4e4d5122ddb","document_date":"20260311","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0074","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dasiglucagon","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dasiglucagon","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2535233","display":"dasiglucagon"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006214","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dasiglucagon","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglucagón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglucagone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dazyglukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglukagón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Daziglukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dasiglukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νταζιγλουκαγόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дазиглюкагон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дазиглюкагон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zegalogue"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dasiglucagon","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zegalogue","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006214","lang":"en","text":"Zegalogue is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycaemia in adults, adolescents, and children aged 6 years and over with diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zegalogue","document_date":"03/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zegalogue — EPAR, 03/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Zegalogue","product_id":"14704879-872c-4967-8779-04a3bbdfb4e6","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ZEGALOGUE ® is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes aged 6 years and above. ZEGALOGUE is an antihypoglycemic agent indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes aged 6 years and above. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=14704879-872c-4967-8779-04a3bbdfb4e6","document_date":"20230101","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0075","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"datopotamab-deruxtecan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/datopotamab-deruxtecan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2703033","display":"datopotamab deruxtecan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006547","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Datopotamab deruxtecan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruxtecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab Deruxtecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab déruxtécan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruxtecán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruxtecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruxtecano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab derukstekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruxtekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruxtekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab-deruxtekán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Datopotamab deruksteken","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντατοποταμάμπη ντερουξτεκάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Датопотамаб дерукстекан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Датопотамаб дерукстекан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Datroway"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"datopotamab deruxtecan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Datroway","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006547","lang":"en","text":"Breast cancer Datroway as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who have received endocrine therapy and at least one line of chemotherapy in the advanced setting.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/datroway","document_date":"30/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Datroway — EPAR, 30/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"DATROWAY","product_id":"2950227c-6230-4ca4-a135-46e44d9424a0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE DATROWAY is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate indicated for the treatment of: adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have received prior EGFR-directed therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. ( 1.1 ) This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on objective response rate and duration of response [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trial. adult patients with unresectable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . ( 1.2 ) adult patients with unresectable or metastatic, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (IHC 0, IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH-) breast cancer who have received prior endocrine-based therapy and chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic disease. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Locally Advanced or Metastatic EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) DATROWAY is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have received prior EGFR-directed therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on objective response rate and duration of response [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trial. 1.2 Unresectable or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) DATROWAY is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. 1.3 Unresectable or Metastatic, HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer DATROWAY is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (IHC 0, IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH-) breast cancer who have received prior endocrine-based therapy and chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic disease.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2950227c-6230-4ca4-a135-46e44d9424a0","document_date":"20260527","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0076","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"degarelix","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/degarelix","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"475230","display":"degarelix"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000986","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006048","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Degarelix","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dégarélix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Degareliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Degarelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Degareliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντεγκαρελίξη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дегареликс","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дегарелікс","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Firmagon"},{"lang":"en","text":"Degarelix Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"degarelix","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Firmagon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000986","lang":"en","text":"FIRMAGON is a gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist indicated: - for treatment of adult male patients with advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer. - for treatment of high-risk localised and locally advanced hormone dependent prostate cancer in combination with radiotherapy. - as neo-adjuvant treatment prior to radiotherapy in patients with high-risk localised or locally advanced hormone dependent prostate cancer.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/firmagon","document_date":"04/10/2022","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Firmagon — EPAR, 04/10/2022. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"FIRMAGON","product_id":"ab11dd8a-0fd9-4013-89ab-e114557c7e4b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE FIRMAGON ® is indicated for treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. FIRMAGON is a GnRH receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ab11dd8a-0fd9-4013-89ab-e114557c7e4b","document_date":"20240130","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0077","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"delgocitinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/delgocitinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2721163","display":"delgocitinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006109","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Delgocytynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Delgocitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Delgositinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντελγκοσιτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Делгоцитиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Делгоцитиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Anzupgo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"delgocitinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Anzupgo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006109","lang":"en","text":"Anzupgo is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (CHE)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/anzupgo","document_date":"17/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Anzupgo — EPAR, 17/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Anzupgo","product_id":"a59bf36e-6f04-4b47-b385-8040c95f040c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ANZUPGO is indicated for the topical treatment of moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) in adults who have had an inadequate response to, or for whom topical corticosteroids are not advisable. Limitations of Use Use of ANZUPGO in combination with other JAK inhibitors or potent immunosuppressants is not recommended. ANZUPGO is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor indicated for the topical treatment of moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) in adults who have had an inadequate response to, or for whom topical corticosteroids are not advisable. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Use of ANZUPGO in combination with other JAK inhibitors or potent immunosuppressants is not recommended. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a59bf36e-6f04-4b47-b385-8040c95f040c","document_date":"20260710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0078","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"denosumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/denosumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"993449","display":"denosumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001120","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002173","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005964","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006378","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006468","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006424","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006157","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006156","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006398","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006399","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006437","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006436","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006534","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006199","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006376","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006377","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006152","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006526","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006269","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006507","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006268","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006435","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006434","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006239","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006722","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006490","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006734","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006238","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006552","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006492","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006626","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Denosumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dénosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Denoszumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Denosumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντενοσουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Деносумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Деносумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"デノスマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"데노수맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"地舒单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دينوسوماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डेनोसुमैब","review":"ai_review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Ascend"},{"lang":"en","text":"OSPOMYV"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"denosumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Prolia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001120","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fractures. In postmenopausal women Prolia significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, non vertebral and hip fractures. Treatment of bone loss associated with hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer at increased risk of fractures. In men with prostate cancer receiving hormone ablation, Prolia significantly reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/prolia","document_date":"19/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Prolia — EPAR, 19/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Xgeva","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002173","lang":"en","text":"Prevention of skeletal related events (pathological fracture, radiation to bone, spinal cord compression or surgery to bone) in adults with advanced malignancies involving bone (see section 5.1). Treatment of adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumour of bone that is unresectable or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity.  ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xgeva","document_date":"30/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xgeva — EPAR, 30/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Bilprevda","product_id":"b1f0590e-f5bb-44ac-99a0-4aa4596c7e54","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Bilprevda is a RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor indicated for: Prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with multiple myeloma and in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumor of bone that is unresectable or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity. ( 1.2 , 14.3 ) Treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy refractory to bisphosphonate therapy. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Multiple Myeloma and Bone Metastasis from Solid Tumors Bilprevda is indicated for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with multiple myeloma and in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. 1.2 Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Bilprevda is indicated for the treatment of adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumor of bone that is unresectable or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity [see Clinical Trials ( 14.2 )] . 1.3 Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Bilprevda is indicated for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy refractory to bisphosphonate therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b1f0590e-f5bb-44ac-99a0-4aa4596c7e54","document_date":"20260818","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0079","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"depemokimab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/depemokimab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2729265","display":"depemokimab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006446","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Depemokimab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dépémokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Depemoquimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Depemokimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντεπεμοκιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Депемокимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Депемокімаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Exdensur"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"depemokimab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Exdensur","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006446","lang":"en","text":"Asthma  Exdensur is indicated as add-on maintenance treatment for severe asthma with type 2 inflammation characterised by blood eosinophil count in adults and adolescents 12 years and older who are inadequately controlled despite high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus another asthma controller (see section 5.1). Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)  Exdensur is indicated as an add-on therapy with intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of adult patients with severe CRSwNP for whom therapy with systemic corticosteroids and/or surgery do not provide adequate disease control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/exdensur","document_date":"13/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Exdensur — EPAR, 13/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Exdensur","product_id":"30332b20-2ac0-42ad-a775-d3ca7f5fe29f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE EXDENSUR is indicated for the add‑on maintenance treatment of severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Limitations of Use EXDENSUR is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . EXDENSUR is an interleukin‑5 (IL‑5) antagonist, a monoclonal antibody (humanized immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] kappa) indicated for add‑on maintenance treatment of severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use : Not for relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=30332b20-2ac0-42ad-a775-d3ca7f5fe29f","document_date":"20260610","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0080","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"deucravacitinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/deucravacitinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2612087","display":"deucravacitinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005755","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Deucravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Deukrawacytynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Deukravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Deukravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Deukravacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Deukravasitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντευκραβασιτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Деукравацитиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Деукравацитиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Sotyktu"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"deucravacitinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Sotyktu","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005755","lang":"en","text":"Plaque psoriasis Sotyktu is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Sotyktu, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adults who have had an inadequate response or who have been intolerant to a prior disease-modifying antirheumatic (DMARD) therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/sotyktu","document_date":"03/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Sotyktu — EPAR, 03/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SOTYKTU","product_id":"ff4d7258-5068-4cdf-9692-8cae04c3198e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SOTYKTU is a tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor indicated for: • the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use : Not recommended for use in combination with other potent immunosuppressants. • the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adults. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Plaque Psoriasis SOTYKTU is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. Limitations of Use : SOTYKTU is not recommended for use in combination with other potent immunosuppressants. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis SOTYKTU is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adults.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ff4d7258-5068-4cdf-9692-8cae04c3198e","document_date":"20260630","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0081","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dimethyl-fumarate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dimethyl-fumarate","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1373478","display":"dimethyl fumarate"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002601","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002157","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006471","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006397","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006500","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dimethyl fumarate","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dimetil fumarat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dimethylfumarat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fumarate de diméthyle","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dimetilfumarato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dimetilfumarato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fumarato de dimetilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fumaran dimetylu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dimethyl-fumarát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dimetylfumarát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dimetil-fumarát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dimetil fumarat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φουμαρικός διμεθυλεστέρας","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Диметилфумарат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Диметилфумарат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"フマル酸ジメチル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"디메틸푸마레이트","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"富马酸二甲酯","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فومارات ثنائي الميثيل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डाइमिथाइल फ्यूमरेट","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tecfidera"},{"lang":"en","text":"Skilarence"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dimethyl fumarate Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dimethyl fumarate Mylan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dimethyl fumarate Neuraxpharm"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dimethyl fumarate","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Skilarence","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002157","lang":"en","text":"Skilarence is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults in need of systemic medicinal therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/skilarence","document_date":"17/03/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Skilarence — EPAR, 17/03/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Tecfidera","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002601","lang":"en","text":"Tecfidera is indicated for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients aged 13 years and older with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tecfidera","document_date":"11/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tecfidera — EPAR, 11/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Dimethyl Fumarate","product_id":"5361d5c6-c3eb-88e6-e063-6294a90ac08c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dimethyl fumarate delayed-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. Dimethyl fumarate delayed-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5361d5c6-c3eb-88e6-e063-6294a90ac08c","document_date":"20260603","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0082","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"docetaxel","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/docetaxel","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"72962","display":"docetaxel"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000073","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002325","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002539","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Docetaxel","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Docétaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Docetaksel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Docetaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dosetaksel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντοσεταξέλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Доцетаксел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Доцетаксел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ドセタキセル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"도세탁셀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"多西他赛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دوسيتاكسيل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डोसेटैक्सेल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Taxotere"},{"lang":"en","text":"Docetaxel Kabi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Docetaxel Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"BEIZRAY"},{"lang":"en","text":"DOCIVYX"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0057","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"docetaxel","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Taxotere","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000073","lang":"en","text":"Breast cancer Taxotere in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with:  operable node-positive breast cancer; operable node-negative breast cancer.  For patients with operable node-negative breast cancer, adjuvant treatment should be restricted to patients eligible to receive chemotherapy according to internationally established criteria for primary therapy of early breast cancer. Taxotere in combination with doxorubicin is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have not previously received cytotoxic therapy for this condition. Taxotere monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced ormetastatic breast cancer after failure of cytotoxic therapy. Previous chemotherapy should have included an anthracycline or an alkylating agent. Taxotere in combination with trastuzumab is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer whose tumours overexpress HER2 and who previously have not received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Taxotere in combination with capecitabine is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Previous therapy should have included an anthracycline. Non-small-cell lung cancer Taxotere is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer after failure of prior chemotherapy. Taxotere in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, in patients who have not previously received chemotherapy for this condition. Prostate cancer Taxotere in combination with prednisone or prednisolone is indicated for the treatment of patients with hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Gastric adenocarcinoma Taxotere in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, including adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, who have not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Head and neck cancer Taxotere in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil is indicated for the induction treatment of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/taxotere","document_date":"31/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Taxotere — EPAR, 31/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Docetaxel","product_id":"81686d37-a13f-46e2-b439-a84eb1433634","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Docetaxel Injection is a microtubule inhibitor indicated for: Br e a st Cancer (BC) : single agent for locally advanced or metastatic BC after chemotherapy failure; and with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as adjuvant treatment of operable node-positive BC (1.1) N o n- small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) : single agent for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after platinum therapy failure; and with cisplatin for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic untreated NSCLC (1.2) C a stration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) : with prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (1.3) Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GC) : with cisplatin and fluorouracil for untreated, advanced GC, including the gastroesophageal junction (1.4) Squ a m o u s Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) : with cisplatin and fluorouracil for induction treatment of locally advanced SCCHN (1.5) 1.1 Breast Cancer Docetaxel Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior chemotherapy. Docetaxel Injection in combination with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with operable node-positive breast cancer. 1.2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Docetaxel Injection as a single agent is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Docetaxel Injection in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who have not previously received chemotherapy for this condition. 1.3 Prostate Cancer Docetaxel Injection in combination with prednisone is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. 1.4 Gastric Adenocarcinoma Docetaxel Injection in combination with cisplatin and fluorouracil is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, including adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, who have not received prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. 1.5 Head and Neck Cancer Docetaxel Injection in combination with cisplatin and fluorouracil is indicated for the induction treatment of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=81686d37-a13f-46e2-b439-a84eb1433634","document_date":"20260319","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0083","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dolutegravir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dolutegravir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1433868","display":"dolutegravir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002753","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dolutégravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegrawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dolutegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντολουτεγκραβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Долутегравир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Долутегравір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tivicay"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dolutegravir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tivicay","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002753","lang":"en","text":"Tivicay is indicated in combination with other anti-retroviral medicinal products for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected adults, adolescents and children of at least 6 years of age or older and weighing at least 14 kg. Tivicay is indicated in combination with other anti-retroviral medicinal products for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected adults, adolescents and children of at least 4 weeks of age or older and weighing at least 3 kg.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tivicay","document_date":"14/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tivicay — EPAR, 14/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0084","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"donanemab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/donanemab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2687966","display":"donanemab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006024","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Donanemab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Donanémab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Donanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντονανεμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Донанемаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Донанемаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kisunla"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0206","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"donanemab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kisunla","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006024","lang":"en","text":"Donanemab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (Early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease) who are apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) heterozygotes or non-carriers with confirmed amyloid pathology (see section 4.4). ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kisunla","document_date":"26/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kisunla — EPAR, 26/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0085","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dopamine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dopamine","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006044","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dopamine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dopamină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dopamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dopamine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dopamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dopamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dopamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dopamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dopamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dopamín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dopamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dopamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντοπαμίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Допамин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Допамін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"dopamine hydrochloride"},{"lang":"en","text":"Neoatricon"},{"lang":"en","text":"DOPAMINE PHENOLIC"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dopamine Hydrochloride and Dextrose"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0272","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hypotension — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dopamine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Neoatricon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006044","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of hypotension in haemodynamically unstable neonates, infants and children < 18 years","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/neoatricon","document_date":"04/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Neoatricon — EPAR, 04/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"DOPamine Hydrochloride","product_id":"1f306ad2-3606-4525-5a8a-ce78f426c1a2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dopamine HCl Injection is indicated to improve hemodynamic status in patients in distributive shock or shock due to reduced cardiac output. Dopamine HCl Injection is a catecholamine indicated to improve hemodynamic status in patients in shock. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1f306ad2-3606-4525-5a8a-ce78f426c1a2","document_date":"20260513","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0086","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"doravirine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/doravirine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2055755","display":"doravirine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004747","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Doravirine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Doravirină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Doravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Doravirine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Doravirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Doravirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doravirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dorawiryna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Doravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Doravirín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Doravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Doravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντοραβιρίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Доравирин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Доравірин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Pifeltro"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"doravirine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Pifeltro","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004747","lang":"en","text":"Pifeltro is indicated, in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products, for the treatment of adults, and adolescents aged 12 years and older weighing at least 35 kg infected with HIV 1 without past or present evidence of resistance to the NNRTI class.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/pifeltro","document_date":"11/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Pifeltro — EPAR, 11/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PIFELTRO","product_id":"ff06e5cc-f47a-4779-816b-0e5b13e88a25","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PIFELTRO ® is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg: with no prior antiretroviral treatment history; OR to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically-suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to doravirine [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . PIFELTRO, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg: with no prior antiretroviral treatment history, OR to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically-suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies per mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to doravirine. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ff06e5cc-f47a-4779-816b-0e5b13e88a25","document_date":"20260709","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0087","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"doxorubicin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/doxorubicin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"3639","display":"doxorubicin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000089","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000297","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005320","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Doxorubicin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Doxorrubicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Doxorrubicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Doksorubicyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Doxorubicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Doksorubisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δοξορουβικίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Доксорубицин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Доксорубіцин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Caelyx pegylated liposomal"},{"lang":"en","text":"Myocet liposomal (previously Myocet)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zolsketil pegylated liposomal"},{"lang":"en","text":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0077","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Sarcoma, Kaposi — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"doxorubicin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Caelyx pegylated liposomal","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000089","lang":"en","text":"Caelyx pegylated liposomal is indicated:  as monotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer, where there is an increased cardiac risk; for treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in women who have failed a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regimen; in combination with bortezomib for the treatment of progressive multiple myeloma in patients who have received at least one prior therapy and who have already undergone or are unsuitable for bone marrow transplant; for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in patients with low CD4 counts (<200 CD4 lymphocytes/mm3) and extensive mucocutaneous or visceral disease.  Caelyx pegylated liposomal may be used as first-line systemic chemotherapy, or as second line chemotherapy in AIDS-KS patients with disease that has progressed with, or in patients intolerant to, prior combination systemic chemotherapy comprising at least two of the following agents: a vinca alkaloid, bleomycin and standarddoxorubicin (or other anthracycline).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/caelyx-pegylated-liposomal","document_date":"24/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Caelyx pegylated liposomal — EPAR, 24/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Myocet liposomal (previously Myocet)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000297","lang":"en","text":"Myocet liposomal, in combination with cyclophosphamide, is indicated for the first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer in adult women.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/myocet-liposomal","document_date":"06/06/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Myocet liposomal (previously Myocet) — EPAR, 06/06/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zolsketil pegylated liposomal","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005320","lang":"en","text":"Zolsketil pegylated liposomal is a medicine used to treat the following types of cancer in adults: • breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body in patients at risk of heart problems. Zolsketil pegylated liposomal is used on its own for this disease; • advanced ovarian cancer in women whose previous treatment including a platinum-based cancer medicine has stopped working; • multiple myeloma (a cancer of the white blood cells in the bone marrow), in patients with progressive disease who have received at least one other treatment in the past and have already had, or are unsuitable for, a bone marrow transplantation. Zolsketil pegylated liposomal is used in combination with bortezomib (another cancer medicine); • Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with AIDS who have a very damaged immune system. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a cancer that causes abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, on moist body surfaces or on internal organs. Zolsketil pegylated liposomal contains the active substance doxorubicin and is a ‘hybrid medicine’. This means that it is similar to a ‘reference medicine’ containing the same active substance called Adriamycin. However, in Zolsketil pegylated liposomal the active substance is enclosed in tiny fatty spheres called liposomes, whereas this is not the case for Adriamycin.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zolsketil-pegylated-liposomal","document_date":"16/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zolsketil pegylated liposomal — EPAR, 16/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride","product_id":"d928625e-c1ef-4f25-8d25-764c8c6aab67","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Doxorubicin hydrochloride for injection is an anthracycline topoisomerase inhibitor indicated: as a component of multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of women with axillary lymph node involvement following resection of primary breast cancer ( 1.1 ). for the treatment of: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metastatic breast cancer, metastatic Wilms’ tumor, metastatic neuroblastoma, metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, metastatic bone sarcomas, metastatic ovarian carcinoma, metastatic transitional cell bladder carcinoma, metastatic thyroid carcinoma, metastatic gastric carcinoma, metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma ( 1.2 ). 1.1 Adjuvant Breast Cancer Doxorubicin hydrochloride for injection is indicated as a component of multi-agent adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of women with axillary lymph node involvement following resection of primary breast cancer. 1.2 Other Cancers Doxorubicin hydrochloride for injection is indicated for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloblastic leukemia Hodgkin lymphoma non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) metastatic breast cancer metastatic Wilms’ tumor metastatic neuroblastoma metastatic soft tissue sarcoma metastatic bone sarcoma metastatic ovarian carcinoma metastatic transitional cell bladder carcinoma metastatic thyroid carcinoma metastatic gastric carcinoma metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d928625e-c1ef-4f25-8d25-764c8c6aab67","document_date":"20240529","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0088","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dulaglutide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dulaglutide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1551291","display":"dulaglutide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002825","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dulaglutide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dulaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντουλαγλουτίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дулаглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дулаглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"デュラグルチド","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"둘라글루타이드","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"度拉糖肽","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دولاغلوتايد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ड्यूलाग्लूटाइड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Trulicity"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dulaglutide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Trulicity","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002825","lang":"en","text":"Trulicity is indicated for the treatment of patients 10 years and above with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.  For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/trulicity","document_date":"30/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Trulicity — EPAR, 30/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Trulicity","product_id":"463050bd-2b1c-40f5-b3c3-0a04bb433309","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TRULICITY ® is indicated: As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. TRULICITY ® is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated ( 1 ): As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=463050bd-2b1c-40f5-b3c3-0a04bb433309","document_date":"20260616","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0089","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"duloxetine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/duloxetine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"72625","display":"duloxetine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000545","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000572","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004000","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003981","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003935","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Duloxetine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Duloxétine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Duloksetyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Duloxetin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Duloksetin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντουλοξετίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дулоксетин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дулоксетин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"デュロキセチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"둘록세틴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"度洛西汀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دولوكستين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ड्यूलोक्सेटीन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Yentreve"},{"lang":"en","text":"Cymbalta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Duloxetine Lilly"},{"lang":"en","text":"Duloxetine Viatris (previously Duloxetine Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Duloxetine Zentiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"duloxetine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cymbalta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000572","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of major depressive disorder. Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. Cymbalta is indicated in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cymbalta","document_date":"09/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cymbalta — EPAR, 09/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Duloxetine Lilly","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004000","lang":"en","text":"Duloxetine Lilly is indicated in adults for:  Treatment of major depressive disorder Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain Treatment of generalised anxiety disorder  Duloxetine Lilly is indicated in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/duloxetine-lilly","document_date":"09/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Duloxetine Lilly — EPAR, 09/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Yentreve","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000545","lang":"en","text":"Yentreve is indicated for women for the treatment of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/yentreve","document_date":"09/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Yentreve — EPAR, 09/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Duloxetine","product_id":"1d3a45f3-3854-4d0c-9241-770aa24063fd","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Duloxetine delayed-release capsule is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for the treatment of the following conditions: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults ( 1 ) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults and pediatric patients 7 years of age and older ( 1 ) Diabetic peripheral neuropathic Pain (DPNP) in adults ( 1 ) Fibromyalgia (FM) in adults and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older ( 1 ) Chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults ( 1 ) Duloxetine delayed-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of: Major depressive disorder in adults Generalized anxiety disorder in adults and pediatric patients 7 years of age and older Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in adults Fibromyalgia in adults and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older Chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1d3a45f3-3854-4d0c-9241-770aa24063fd","document_date":"20260710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0090","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"dupilumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/dupilumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1876376","display":"dupilumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004390","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Dupilumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Dupilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ντουπιλουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Дупилумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Дупілумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"デュピルマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"두필루맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"度普利尤单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"دوبيلوماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ड्यूपिलुमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Dupixent"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"dupilumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Dupixent","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004390","lang":"en","text":"Atopic dermatitis Adults and adolescents  Dupixent is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents 12 years and older who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Children 6 months to 11 years of age  Dupixent is indicated for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in children 6 months to 11 years old who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Asthma Adults and adolescents  Dupixent is indicated in adults and adolescents 12 years and older as add-on maintenance treatment for severe asthma with type 2 inflammation characterised by raised blood eosinophils and/or raised fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), see section 5.1, who are inadequately controlled with high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus another medicinal product for maintenance treatment.  Children 6 to 11 years of age  Dupixent is indicated in children 6 to 11 years old as add-on maintenance treatment for severe asthma with type 2 inflammation characterised by raised blood eosinophils and/or raised fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), who are inadequately controlled with medium to high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus another medicinal product for maintenance treatment.  Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP)  Dupixent is indicated as an add-on therapy with intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of adults with severe CRSwNP for whom therapy with systemic corticosteroids and/or surgery do not provide adequate disease control.  Prurigo Nodularis (PN)  Dupixent is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe prurigo nodularis (PN) who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)  Dupixent is indicated for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults, adolescents and children aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, who are inadequately controlled by, are intolerant to, or who are not candidates for conventional medicinal therapy.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)  Dupixent is indicated in adults as add-on maintenance treatment for uncontrolled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterised by raised blood eosinophils on a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA), and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), or on a combination of a LABA and a LAMA if ICS is not appropriate.  Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU)  Dupixent is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic spontaneous urticaria in adults, adolescents and children (2 years and above) patients with inadequate response to H1 antihistamines and who are naive to anti-IgE therapy for CSU.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/dupixent","document_date":"18/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Dupixent — EPAR, 18/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Dupixent","product_id":"595f437d-2729-40bb-9c62-c8ece1f82780","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE DUPIXENT is an interleukin-4 receptor alpha antagonist indicated: Atopic Dermatitis for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe AD whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids. ( 1.1 ) Asthma as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use: Not for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. ( 1.2 ) Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). ( 1.3 ) Eosinophilic Esophagitis for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). ( 1.4 ) Prurigo Nodularis for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN). ( 1.5 ) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. ( 1.6 ) Limitations of Use: Not for the relief of acute bronchospasm. ( 1.6 ) Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. ( 1.7 ) Limitations of Use: Not indicated for other forms of urticaria. ( 1.7 ) Bullous Pemphigoid for the treatment of adult patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP). ( 1.8 ) Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) who have a history of sino-nasal surgery. ( 1.9 ) 1.1 Atopic Dermatitis DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids. 1.2 Asthma DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. Limitations of Use DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. 1.3 Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). 1.4 Eosinophilic Esophagitis DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). 1.5 Prurigo Nodularis DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN). 1.6 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm. 1.7 Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for treatment of other forms of urticaria. 1.8 Bullous Pemphigoid DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP). 1.9 Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) who have a history of sino-nasal surgery.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=595f437d-2729-40bb-9c62-c8ece1f82780","document_date":"20260422","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0091","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"efanesoctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/efanesoctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2631084","display":"antihemophilic factor (recombinant), Fc-VWF-XTEN fusion protein"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005968","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Efanesoctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Éfanésoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Efaneszoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Efanesoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εφανεσοκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эфанезоктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ефанезоктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Altuvoct"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"efanesoctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Altuvoct","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005968","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency). Altuvoct can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/altuvoct","document_date":"12/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Altuvoct — EPAR, 12/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0092","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"efavirenz","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/efavirenz","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"195085","display":"efavirenz"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002352","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Efavirenz","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Éfavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Efawirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Efavirenz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εφαβιρένζη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эфавиренз","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ефавіренз","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Efavirenz Teva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"efavirenz","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Efavirenz Teva","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002352","lang":"en","text":"Efavirenz is indicated in antiviral combination treatment of human-immunodeficiency-virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected adults, adolescents and children 3 years of age and older. Efavirenz has not been adequately studied in patients with advanced HIV disease, namely in patients with CD4 counts < 50 cells/mm3, or after failure of protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimens. Although cross-resistance of efavirenz with protease inhibitors (PIs) has not been documented, there are at present insufficient data on the efficacy of subsequent use of PI-based combination therapy after failure of regimens containing efavirenz.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/efavirenz-teva","document_date":"03/03/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Efavirenz Teva — EPAR, 03/03/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Efavirenz","product_id":"13ca3456-e5bf-4bb1-af95-b1378658a358","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS & USAGE Efavirenz in combination with other antiretroviral agents is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and in pediatric patients at least 3 months old and weighing at least 3.5 kg. Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients at least 3 months old and weighing at least 3.5 kg.( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=13ca3456-e5bf-4bb1-af95-b1378658a358","document_date":"20240628","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0093","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"efgartigimod-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/efgartigimod-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2587717","display":"efgartigimod alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005849","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Efgartygimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Efgartigimod alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εφγκαρτιγκιμόδη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эфгартигимод альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ефгартигімод альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vyvgart"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0212","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"efgartigimod alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vyvgart","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005849","lang":"en","text":"Vyvgart is indicated as- an add-on to standard therapy for the treatment of adult patients with generalised Myasthenia Gravis (gMG) who are antiacetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive.- monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with progressive or relapsing active chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) after prior treatment with corticosteroids or immunoglobulins.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vyvgart","document_date":"23/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vyvgart — EPAR, 23/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"VYVGART","product_id":"8aefc8e3-26d6-4ff6-aab9-a7542927e084","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VYVGART is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). VYVGART is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker indicated for the treatment of adult patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8aefc8e3-26d6-4ff6-aab9-a7542927e084","document_date":"20260513","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0094","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"efmoroctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/efmoroctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1543095","display":"efmoroctocog alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003964","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Efmoroctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Efmoroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εφμοροκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эфмороктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ефмороктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Elocta"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"efmoroctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Elocta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003964","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency). 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ORSERDU is an estrogen receptor antagonist indicated for: treatment of postmenopausal women or adult men, with ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1 -mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by an FDA-authorized test, with disease progression following at least one line of endocrine therapy ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=aa66ae5c-2bd2-4444-8178-b55651e054ef","document_date":"20260624","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0096","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eladocagene-exuparvovec","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eladocagene-exuparvovec","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2698762","display":"eladocagene exuparvovec"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005352","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eladocagene exuparvovec","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eladocagen exuparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eladocagen exuparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Éladocagène exuparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eladocagén exuparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eladocagene exuparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eladocageno exuparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eladokagen eksuparwowek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eladokagen exuparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eladokagén exuparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eladokagén exuparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eladokajen eksuparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ελαδοκαγένη εξουπαρβοβέκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эладокаген эксупарвовек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Еладокаген ексупарвовек","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Upstaza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eladocagene exuparvovec","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Upstaza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005352","lang":"en","text":"Upstaza is indicated for the treatment of patients aged 18 months and older with a clinical, molecular, and genetically confirmed diagnosis of aromatic L amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency with a severe phenotype (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/upstaza","document_date":"10/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Upstaza — EPAR, 10/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0097","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"elinzanetant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/elinzanetant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2725511","display":"elinzanetant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006298","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Élinzanétant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Elinzanetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ελινζανετάντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Элинзанетант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Елінзанетант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Lynkuet"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0418","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Menopause — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"elinzanetant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lynkuet","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006298","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lynkuet","document_date":"11/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lynkuet — EPAR, 11/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"LYNKUET","product_id":"f42884ff-7dff-419c-8a0c-affe2ed73818","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE LYNKUET is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) due to menopause. LYNKUET is a neurokinin 1 (NK1) and neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f42884ff-7dff-419c-8a0c-affe2ed73818","document_date":"20260616","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0098","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eltrombopag","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eltrombopag","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"711942","display":"eltrombopag"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001110","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006417","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006459","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopague","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eltrombopag","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ελτρομβοπάγη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Элтромбопаг","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Елтромбопаг","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Revolade"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eltrombopag Viatris"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eltrombopag Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"ALVAIZ"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eltrombopag Olamine"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eltrombopag","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Revolade","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001110","lang":"en","text":"Revolade is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who are refractory to other treatments (e.g. corticosteroids, immunoglobulins) (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). Revolade is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and above with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) lasting 6 months or longer from diagnosis and who are refractory to other treatments (e.g. corticosteroids, immunoglobulins) (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). Revolade is indicated in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for the treatment of thrombocytopenia, where the degree of thrombocytopenia is the main factor preventing the initiation or limiting the ability to maintain optimal interferon-based therapy (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Revolade is indicated in adult patients with acquired severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) who were either refractory to prior immunosuppressive therapy or heavily pretreated and are unsuitable for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/revolade","document_date":"26/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Revolade — EPAR, 26/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ELTROMBOPAG","product_id":"9af1e314-91ca-4ebc-ac12-f9fddc6d7902","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Eltrombopag tablet is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist indicated: • for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in adult and pediatric patients 1 year and older with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy. Eltrombopag tablets should be used only in patients with ITP whose degree of thrombocytopenia and clinical condition increase the risk for bleeding. (1.1) • for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C to allow the initiation and maintenance of interferon-based therapy. Eltrombopag tablets should be used only in patients with chronic hepatitis C whose degree of thrombocytopenia prevents the initiation of interferon-based therapy or limits the ability to maintain interferon-based therapy. (1.2) • in combination with standard immunosuppressive therapy for the first-line treatment of adult and pediatric patients 2 years and older with severe aplastic anemia. (1.3) • for the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia who have had an insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy. (1.3) Limitations of Use: • Eltrombopag tablets are not indicated for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). (1.4) • Safety and efficacy have not been established in combination with direct-acting antiviral agents used without interferon for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. (1.4) 1.1 Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Patients With Persistent or Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia Eltrombopag tablets are indicated for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in adult and pediatric patients 1 year and older with persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy. Eltrombopag tablets should be used only in patients with ITP whose degree of thrombocytopenia and clinical condition increase the risk for bleeding. 1.2 Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Patients With Hepatitis C Infection Eltrombopag tablets are indicated for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C to allow the initiation and maintenance of interferon-based therapy. Eltrombopag tablets should be used only in patients with chronic hepatitis C whose degree of thrombocytopenia prevents the initiation of interferon-based therapy or limits the ability to maintain interferon-based therapy. 1.3 Treatment of Severe Aplastic Anemia • Eltrombopag tablets are indicated in combination with standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for the first-line treatment of adult and pediatric patients 2 years and older with severe aplastic anemia. • Eltrombopag tablets are indicated for the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia who have had an insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy. 1.4 Limitations of Use • Eltrombopag tablets are not indicated for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . • Safety and efficacy have not been established in combination with direct-acting antiviral agents used without interferon for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9af1e314-91ca-4ebc-ac12-f9fddc6d7902","document_date":"20260702","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0099","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"emicizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/emicizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1989794","display":"emicizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004406","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Emicizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Émicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Emicyzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Emicizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Emisizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εμισιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эмицизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Еміцизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hemlibra"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"emicizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Hemlibra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004406","lang":"en","text":"Hemlibra is indicated for routine prophylaxis of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency):  with factor VIII inhibitors without factor VIII inhibitors who have:  severe disease (FVIII < 1%) moderate disease (FVIII ? 1% and ? 5%) with severe bleeding phenotype.    Hemlibra can be used in all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/hemlibra","document_date":"10/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Hemlibra — EPAR, 10/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Hemlibra","product_id":"2483adba-fab6-4d1b-96c5-c195577ed071","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE HEMLIBRA is indicated for routine prophylaxis to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients ages newborn and older with hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) with or without factor VIII inhibitors. HEMLIBRA is a bispecific factor IXa- and factor X-directed antibody indicated for routine prophylaxis to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients ages newborn and older with hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency) with or without factor VIII inhibitors. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2483adba-fab6-4d1b-96c5-c195577ed071","document_date":"20250711","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0100","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"empagliflozin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/empagliflozin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1545653","display":"empagliflozin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002677","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Empagliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εμπαγλιφλοζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эмпаглифлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Емпагліфлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"エンパグリフロジン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"엠파글리플로진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"恩格列净","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إمباغليفلوزين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एम्पाग्लिफ्लोज़िन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Jardiance"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"empagliflozin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jardiance","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002677","lang":"en","text":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus Jardiance is indicated in adults and children aged 10 years and above for the treatment of insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes  For study results with respect to combination of therapies, effects on glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1. Heart failure Jardiance is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure.  Chronic kidney disease Jardiance is indicated in adults for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jardiance","document_date":"24/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jardiance — EPAR, 24/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Jardiance","product_id":"59ed43d9-b4e0-72a2-e063-6394a90a327d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE JARDIANCE is indicated: to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with heart failure. to reduce the risk of sustained decline in eGFR, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization in adults with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression. to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JARDIANCE is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with heart failure. ( 1 ) To reduce the risk of sustained decline in eGFR, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization in adults with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression. ( 1 ) To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. ( 1 ) As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It may increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in these patients. ( 1 ) Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . ( 1 ) Not recommended for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in patients with polycystic kidney disease or patients requiring or with a recent history of intravenous immunosuppressive therapy or greater than 45 mg of prednisone or equivalent for kidney disease. JARDIANCE is not expected to be effective in these populations. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use JARDIANCE is not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It may increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in these patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . JARDIANCE is not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . JARDIANCE is likely to be ineffective in this setting based upon its mechanism of action. JARDIANCE is not recommended for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in patients with polycystic kidney disease or patients requiring or with a recent history of intravenous immunosuppressive therapy or greater than 45 mg of prednisone or equivalent for kidney disease [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] . JARDIANCE is not expected to be effective in these populations.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=59ed43d9-b4e0-72a2-e063-6394a90a327d","document_date":"20260826","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0101","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"emtricitabine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/emtricitabine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"276237","display":"emtricitabine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000533","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Emtricitabine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Emtrycytabina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Emtricitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Emtrisitabin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εμτρισιταβίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эмтрицитабин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Емтрицитабін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Emtriva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"emtricitabine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Emtriva","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000533","lang":"en","text":"Emtriva is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infected adults and children in combination with other antiretroviral agents. This indication is based on studies in treatment-naive patients and treatment-experienced patients with stable virological control. There is no experience of the use of Emtriva in patients who are failing their current regimen or who have failed multiple regimens. When deciding on a new regimen for patients who have failed an antiretroviral regimen, careful consideration should be given to the patterns of mutations associated with different medicinal products and the treatment history of the individual patient. Where available, resistance testing may be appropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/emtriva","document_date":"18/04/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Emtriva — EPAR, 18/04/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"emtricitabine","product_id":"a229c922-58eb-4795-9219-6cebb1779e35","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Emtricitabine is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Emtricitabine, a nucleoside analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a229c922-58eb-4795-9219-6cebb1779e35","document_date":"20260818","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0102","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"enalapril","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/enalapril","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005731","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Enalapril","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Énalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Enalapryl","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Enalapril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εναλαπρίλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эналаприл","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Еналаприл","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"エナラプリル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"에날라프릴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"依那普利","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنالابريل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एनालाप्रिल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"enalapril maleate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aqumeldi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"enalapril","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aqumeldi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005731","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of heart failure.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aqumeldi","document_date":"21/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aqumeldi — EPAR, 21/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Enalapril Maleate","product_id":"e81a8aca-0e7c-4a02-b596-09e4ac22c70e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Enalapril maleate oral solution is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor indicated for: treatment of hypertension in adults and children older than one month, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) treatment of symptomatic heart failure. ( 1.2 ) treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, to decrease the rate of development of overt heart failure and reduce hospitalization for heart failure. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Hypertension Enalapril maleate oral solution is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure in adults and children older than one month [see Pediatric Use (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14) ] . Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in Black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Enalapril maleate oral solution is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate oral solution and thiazides are approximately additive. 1.2 Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients, enalapril maleate increases survival and decreases the frequency of hospitalization. 1.3 Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e81a8aca-0e7c-4a02-b596-09e4ac22c70e","document_date":"20190329","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0103","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"encorafenib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/encorafenib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2049106","display":"encorafenib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004580","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Encorafenib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Encorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Encorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Encorafénib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Encorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Encorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Encorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Enkorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Enkorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Enkorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Enkorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Enkorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενκοραφενίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Энкорафениб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Енкорафеніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Braftovi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"encorafenib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Braftovi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004580","lang":"en","text":"MelanomaEncorafenib in combination with binimetinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation.Colorectal cancer (CRC)Encorafenib in combination with cetuximab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC)  with a BRAF V600E mutation, who have received prior systemic therapy. Encorafenib in combination with cetuximab and FOLFOX is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation.  Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Encorafenib in combination with binimetinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/braftovi","document_date":"22/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Braftovi — EPAR, 22/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"BRAFTOVI","product_id":"235dfc38-0f0b-4037-b501-7a9f4294740c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BRAFTOVI is a kinase inhibitor indicated: Melanoma • in combination with binimetinib, for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) Colorectal Cancer (CRC) • in combination with cetuximab and fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA‑authorized test. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) • in combination with cetuximab, for the treatment of adult patients with mCRC with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-authorized test, after prior therapy. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) • in combination with binimetinib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.3 , 2.1 ) Limitations of Use BRAFTOVI is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma, wild-type BRAF CRC, or wild-type BRAF NSCLC. ( 1.4 , 5.2 ) 1.1 BRAF V600E or V600K Mutation–Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma BRAFTOVI is indicated, in combination with binimetinib, for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation, as detected by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.2 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) • BRAFTOVI is indicated, in combination with cetuximab and fluorouracil-based chemotherapy , for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA- authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. • BRAFTOVI is indicated, in combination with cetuximab, for the treatment of adult patients with mCRC with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA- authorized test, after prior therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. 1.3 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) BRAFTOVI is indicated, in combination with binimetinib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.4 Limitations of Use BRAFTOVI is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma, wild-type BRAF CRC, or wild-type BRAF NSCLC [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=235dfc38-0f0b-4037-b501-7a9f4294740c","document_date":"20260226","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0104","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"enfuvirtide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/enfuvirtide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"139896","display":"enfuvirtide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000514","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Enfuvirtide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Enfuwirtyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Enfuvirtid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενφουβιρτίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Энфувиртид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Енфувіртид","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Fuzeon"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"enfuvirtide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fuzeon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000514","lang":"en","text":"Fuzeon is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients who have received treatment with and failed on regimens containing at least one medicinal product from each of the following antiretroviral classes: protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, or who have intolerance to previous antiretroviral regimens. In deciding on a new regimen for patients who have failed an antiretroviral regimen, careful consideration should be given to the treatment history of the individual patient and the patterns of mutations associated with different medicinal products. Where available, resistance testing may be appropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fuzeon","document_date":"23/02/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fuzeon — EPAR, 23/02/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0105","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"entacapone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/entacapone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"60307","display":"entacapone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000170","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000171","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002440","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002075","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Entacapone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Entacaponă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Entacapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Entacapone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Entacapona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Entacapone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Entacapona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Entakapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Entakapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Entakapón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Entakapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Entakapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εντακαπόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Энтакапон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ентакапон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Comtess"},{"lang":"en","text":"Comtan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Entacapone Orion"},{"lang":"en","text":"Entacapone Teva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"entacapone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Comtan","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000171","lang":"en","text":"Entacapone is indicated as an adjunct to standard preparations of levodopa / benserazide or levodopa / carbidopa for use in adult patients with Parkinson's disease and end-of-dose motor fluctuations, who cannot be stabilised on those combinations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/comtan","document_date":"07/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Comtan — EPAR, 07/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Comtess","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000170","lang":"en","text":"Entacapone is indicated as an adjunct to standard preparations of levodopa / benserazide or levodopa / carbidopa for use in patients with Parkinson's disease and end-of-dose motor fluctuations, who cannot be stabilised on those combinations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/comtess","document_date":"18/09/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Comtess — EPAR, 18/09/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Entacapone Orion","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002440","lang":"en","text":"Entacapone is indicated as an adjunct to standard preparations of levodopa / benserazide or levodopa / carbidopa for use in adult patients with Parkinson's disease and end-of-dose motor fluctuations, who cannot be stabilised on those combinations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/entacapone-orion","document_date":"24/09/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Entacapone Orion — EPAR, 24/09/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Entacapone","product_id":"56327e32-3b06-4144-91a0-bb1908842e33","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS Entacapone tablets are indicated as an adjunct to levodopa and carbidopa to treat end-of-dose “wearing-off” in patients with Parkinson’s disease (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies). Entacapone tablets effectiveness has not been systematically evaluated in patients with Parkinson’s disease who do not experience end-of-dose “wearing-off”.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=56327e32-3b06-4144-91a0-bb1908842e33","document_date":"20260513","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0106","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"entecavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/entecavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"306266","display":"entecavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000623","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004377","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004458","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Entecavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Entecavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Entecavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Entécavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Entecavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Entecavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Entecavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Entekawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Entekavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Entekavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Entekavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Entekavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εντεκαβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Энтекавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ентекавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Baraclude"},{"lang":"en","text":"Entecavir Viatris (previously Entecavir Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Entecavir Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"entecavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Baraclude","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000623","lang":"en","text":"Baraclude is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults with:  compensated liver disease and evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis; decompensated liver disease.  For both compensated and decompensated liver disease, this indication is based on clinical trial data in nucleoside naive patients with HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative HBV infection. With respect to patients with lamivudine-refractory hepatitis B.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/baraclude","document_date":"03/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Baraclude — EPAR, 03/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ENTECAVIR","product_id":"73dea2a4-a596-477f-b66d-5a80dd019837","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Entecavir is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease Entecavir is a hepatitis B virus nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults and children at least 2 years of age with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=73dea2a4-a596-477f-b66d-5a80dd019837","document_date":"20260707","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0107","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"enzalutamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/enzalutamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1307298","display":"enzalutamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002639","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006612","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006299","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Enzalutamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Enzalutamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ενζαλουταμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Энзалутамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ензалутамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xtandi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Enzalutamide Accordpharma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Enzalutamide Viatris"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"enzalutamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xtandi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002639","lang":"en","text":"Xtandi is indicated for:  as monotherapy or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of adult men with high risk biochemical recurrent (BCR) non-metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC) who are unsuitable for salvage radiotherapy (see section 5.1). the treatment of adult men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (see section 5.1). the treatment of adult men with high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (see section 5.1). the treatment of adult men with metastatic CRPC who are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic after failure of androgen deprivation therapy in whom chemotherapy is not yet clinically indicated (see section 5.1). the treatment of adult men with metastatic CRPC whose disease has progressed on or after docetaxel therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xtandi","document_date":"29/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xtandi — EPAR, 29/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Xtandi","product_id":"b129fdc9-1d8e-425c-a5a9-8a2ed36dfbdf","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XTANDI ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with: • castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) • metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) • non‑metastatic castration‑sensitive prostate cancer (nmCSPC) with biochemical recurrence at high risk for metastasis (high-risk BCR) XTANDI is an androgen receptor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with: • castration-resistant prostate cancer. ( 1 ) • metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. ( 1 ) • non‑metastatic castration‑sensitive prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence at high risk for metastasis. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b129fdc9-1d8e-425c-a5a9-8a2ed36dfbdf","document_date":"20260728","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0108","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"epoetin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/epoetin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"105694","display":"epoetin alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000726","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000727","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000725","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Epoetin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Epoetină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Époétine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Epoetyna alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Epoetín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εποετίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпоэтин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епоетин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Epoetin Alfa Hexal"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abseamed"},{"lang":"en","text":"Binocrit"},{"lang":"en","text":"EPOGEN"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0117","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"epoetin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Epoetin Alfa Hexal","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000726","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in adult and paediatric patients:  treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in paediatric and adult patients on haemodialysis and adult patients on peritoneal dialysis; Treatment of severe anaemia of renal origin accompanied by clinical symptoms in adult patients with renal insufficiency not yet undergoing dialysis.  Treatment of anaemia and reduction of transfusion requirements in adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumours, malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and at risk of transfusion as assessed by the patient's general status (e.g. cardiovascular status, pre-existing anaemia at the start of chemotherapy).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/epoetin-alfa-hexal","document_date":"11/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Epoetin Alfa Hexal — EPAR, 11/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"EPOGEN","product_id":"1f2d0b28-9cc5-4523-80b8-637fdaf3f7a5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Epogen is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) indicated for: Treatment of anemia due to: - Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients on dialysis and not on dialysis ( 1.1 ). - Zidovudine in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection ( 1.2 ). - The effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy ( 1.3 ). Reduction of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in patients undergoing elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery ( 1.4 ). Limitations of Use Epogen has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being ( 1.5 ). Epogen is not indicated for use: In patients with cancer receiving hormonal agents, biologic products, or radiotherapy, unless also receiving concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy ( 1.5 ). In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy when the anticipated outcome is cure ( 1.5 ). In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy in whom the anemia can be managed by transfusion ( 1.5 ). In patients scheduled for surgery who are willing to donate autologous blood ( 1.5 ). In patients undergoing cardiac or vascular surgery ( 1.5 ). As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia ( 1.5 ). 1.1 Anemia Due to Chronic Kidney Disease Epogen is indicated for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD), including patients on dialysis and not on dialysis to decrease the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. 1.2 Anemia Due to Zidovudine in Patients with HIV Infection Epogen is indicated for the treatment of anemia due to zidovudine administered at ≤ 4200 mg/week in patients with HIV infection with endogenous serum erythropoietin levels of ≤ 500 mUnits/mL. 1.3 Anemia Due to Chemotherapy in Patients with Cancer Epogen is indicated for the treatment of anemia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies where anemia is due to the effect of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy. 1.4 Reduction of Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Patients Undergoing Elective, Noncardiac, Nonvascular Surgery Epogen is indicated to reduce the need for allogeneic RBC transfusions among patients with perioperative hemoglobin > 10 to ≤ 13 g/dL who are at high risk for perioperative blood loss from elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Epogen is not indicated for patients who are willing to donate autologous blood pre-operatively. 1.5 Limitations of Use Epogen has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being. Epogen is not indicated for use: In patients with cancer receiving hormonal agents, biologic products, or radiotherapy, unless also receiving concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy. In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy when the anticipated outcome is cure. In patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy in whom the anemia can be managed by transfusion. In patients scheduled for surgery who are willing to donate autologous blood. In patients undergoing cardiac or vascular surgery. As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1f2d0b28-9cc5-4523-80b8-637fdaf3f7a5","document_date":"20260623","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0109","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"epoetin-beta","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/epoetin-beta","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"105695","display":"epoetin beta"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000116","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Epoetin beta","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Epoetină beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Époétine bêta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Epoetyna beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Epoetín beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin béta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εποετίνη βήτα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпоэтин бета","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епоетин бета","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"NeoRecormon"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"epoetin beta","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"NeoRecormon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000116","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in adult and paediatric patients; treatment of symptomatic anaemia in adult patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy; increasing the yield of autologous blood from patients in a pre-donation programme. Its use in this indication must be balanced against the reported increased risk of thromboembolic events. Treatment should only be given to patients with moderate anaemia (Hb 10 - 13 g/dl [6.21 - 8.07 mmol/l], no iron deficiency) if blood conserving procedures are not available or insufficient when the scheduled major elective surgery requires a large volume of blood (4 or more units of blood for females or 5 or more units for males).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/neorecormon","document_date":"03/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NeoRecormon — EPAR, 03/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0110","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"epoetin-theta","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/epoetin-theta","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001036","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001033","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Epoetin theta","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Epoetină teta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin theta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Époétine thêta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina theta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina theta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina teta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Epoetyna theta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin theta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Epoetín théta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin téta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin teta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εποετίνη θήτα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпоэтин тета","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епоетин тета","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Biopoin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eporatio"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"epoetin theta","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Biopoin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001036","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult patients. Treatment of symptomatic anaemia in adult cancer patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/biopoin","document_date":"27/09/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Biopoin — EPAR, 27/09/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Eporatio","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001033","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult patients. Treatment of symptomatic anaemia in adult cancer patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/eporatio","document_date":"27/09/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Eporatio — EPAR, 27/09/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0111","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"epoetin-zeta","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/epoetin-zeta","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000760","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000872","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Epoetin zeta","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Epoetină zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Époétine zêta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Epoetina zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Epoetyna zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Epoetín zéta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin zéta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Epoetin zeta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εποετίνη ζήτα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эпоэтин зета","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Епоетин зета","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Silapo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Retacrit"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"epoetin zeta","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Silapo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000760","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in adult and paediatric patients   Treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure in adult and paediatric patients on haemodialysis and adult patients on peritoneal dialysis.   Treatment of severe anaemia of renal origin accompanied by clinical symptoms in adult patients with renal insufficiency not yet undergoing dialysis.     Treatment of anaemia and reduction of transfusion requirements in adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumours, malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and at risk of transfusion as assessed by the patient's general status (e.g. cardiovascular status, pre?existing anaemia at the start of chemotherapy).   Silapo can be used to increase the yield of autologous blood from patients in a predonation programme. Its use in this indication must be balanced against the reported risk of thromboembolic events. Treatment should only be given to patients with moderate anaemia (no iron deficiency), if blood saving procedures are not available or insufficient when the scheduled major elective surgery requires a large volume of blood (4 or more units of blood for females or 5 or more units for males).   Silapo is indicated for non-iron deficient adults prior to major elective orthopaedic surgery having a high perceived risk for transfusion complications to reduce exposure to allogeneic blood transfusions. Use should be restricted to patients with moderate anaemia (e.g. haemoglobin concentration range between 10 to 13 g/dl) who do not have an autologous predonation programme available and with expected moderate blood loss (900 to 1 800 ml).   Silapo can be used to increase haemoglobin concentration in symptomatic anaemia (haemoglobin concentration of ?10 g/dl) in adults with low- or intermediate-1-risk primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who have low serum erythropoietin (<200 mU/ml).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/silapo","document_date":"04/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Silapo — EPAR, 04/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0112","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eptacog-alfa-activated","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eptacog-alfa-activated","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000074","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eptacog alfa (activated)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog alfa (activat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog alfa (aktiviert)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog alfa (activé)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog alfa (activado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog alfa (attivato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog alfa (ativado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog alfa (aktywowany)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog alfa (aktivovaný)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog alfa (aktivovaný)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog alfa (aktivált)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog alfa (aktive)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επτακόγη άλφα (ενεργοποιημένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эптаког альфа (активированный)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ептаког альфа (активований)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"NovoSeven"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eptacog alfa (activated)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"NovoSeven","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000074","lang":"en","text":"NovoSeven is indicated for the treatment of bleeding episodes and for the prevention of bleeding in those undergoing surgery or invasive procedures in the following patient groups:  in patients with congenital haemophilia with inhibitors to coagulation factors VIII or IX > 5 Bethesda units (BU); in patients with congenital haemophilia who are expected to have a high anamnestic response to factor-VIII or factor-IX administration; in patients with acquired haemophilia; in patients with congenital factor-VII deficiency; in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia with antibodies to platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa and / or human leucocyte antigens (HLA), and with past or present refractoriness to platelet transfusions. in patients with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia with past or present refractoriness to platelet transfusions, or where platelets are not readily available.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/novoseven","document_date":"27/02/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NovoSeven — EPAR, 27/02/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0113","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eptacog-beta-activated","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eptacog-beta-activated","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005655","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eptacog beta (activated)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog beta (activat)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog beta (aktiviert)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog bêta (activé)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog beta (activado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog beta (attivato)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eptacog beta (ativado)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog beta (aktywowany)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog beta (aktivovaný)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog beta (aktivovaný)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog béta (aktivált)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eptakog beta (aktive)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επτακόγη βήτα (ενεργοποιημένη)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эптаког бета (активированный)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ептаког бета (активований)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cevenfacta"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eptacog beta (activated)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cevenfacta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005655","lang":"en","text":"CEVENFACTA is indicated in adults and adolescents (12 years of age and older) for the treatment of bleeding episodes and for the prevention of bleeding in those undergoing surgery or invasive procedures in the following patient groups:  in patients with congenital haemophilia with high-responding inhibitors to coagulation factors VIII or IX (i.e. ?5 Bethesda Units (BU));  in patients with congenital haemophilia with low titre inhibitors (BU <5), but expected to have a high anamnestic response to factor VIII or factor IX administration or expected to be refractory to increased dosing of FVIII or FIX.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cevenfacta","document_date":"29/11/2022","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cevenfacta — EPAR, 29/11/2022. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0114","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eptifibatide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eptifibatide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"75635","display":"eptifibatide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004104","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eptifibatide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eptyfibatyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eptifibatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επτιφιμπατίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эптифибатид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ептифібатид","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Eptifibatide Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eptifibatide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Eptifibatide Accord","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004104","lang":"en","text":"Eptifibatide Accord is intended for use with acetylsalicylic acid and unfractionated heparin. Eptifibatide Accord is indicated for the prevention of early myocardial infarction in adults presenting with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, with the last episode of chest pain occurring within 24 hours and with electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and/or elevated cardiac enzymes. Patients most likely to benefit from Eptifibatide Accord treatment are those at high risk of developing myocardial infarction within the first 3-4 days after onset of acute angina symptoms including for instance those that are likely to undergo an early PTCA (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/eptifibatide-accord","document_date":"02/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Eptifibatide Accord — EPAR, 02/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Eptifibatide","product_id":"2ab98ecd-c578-4032-a3d5-ae14d58d86a7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Eptifibatide injection is a platelet aggregation inhibitor indicated for: Treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) managed medically or with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). ( 1.1 ) Treatment of patients undergoing PCI (including intracoronary stenting) ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Eptifibatide injection is indicated to decrease the rate of a combined endpoint of death or new myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with ACS (unstable angina [UA]/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), including patients who are to be managed medically and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 1.2 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Eptifibatide injection is indicated to decrease the rate of a combined endpoint of death, new MI, or need for urgent intervention in patients undergoing PCI, including those undergoing intracoronary stenting [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 , 14.2 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2ab98ecd-c578-4032-a3d5-ae14d58d86a7","document_date":"20260209","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0115","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eptinezumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eptinezumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2282660","display":"eptinezumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005287","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Eptinézumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eptynezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eptinezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επτινεζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эптинезумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ептинезумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vyepti"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eptinezumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vyepti","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005287","lang":"en","text":"Vyepti is indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vyepti","document_date":"29/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vyepti — EPAR, 29/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0116","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"erenumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/erenumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2045613","display":"erenumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004447","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Erenumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Érénumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Erenumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ερενουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эренумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Еренумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aimovig"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"erenumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aimovig","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004447","lang":"en","text":"Aimovig is indicated for prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month when initiating treatment with Aimovig.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aimovig","document_date":"05/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aimovig — EPAR, 05/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0117","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eribulin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eribulin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1045453","display":"eribulin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002084","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006134","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006191","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eribulin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eribulină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eribulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Éribuline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eribulina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eribulina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eribulina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Erybulina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eribulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eribulín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eribulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eribulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εριβουλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эрибулин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ерибулін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Halaven"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mevlyq"},{"lang":"en","text":"Eribulin Baxter"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eribulin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Halaven","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002084","lang":"en","text":"Halaven monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed after at least one chemotherapeutic regimens for advanced disease (see section 5.1). Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane unless patients were not suitable for these treatments. Halaven is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable liposarcoma who have received prior anthracycline containing therapy (unless unsuitable) for advanced or metastatic disease (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/halaven","document_date":"11/10/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Halaven — EPAR, 11/10/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0118","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"erlotinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/erlotinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"337525","display":"erlotinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000618","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Erlotinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Erlotynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Erlotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ερλοτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эрлотиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ерлотиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tarceva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0066","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"erlotinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tarceva","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000618","lang":"en","text":"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Tarceva is also indicated for switch maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR activating mutations and stable disease after first-line chemotherapy. Tarceva is also indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. In patients with tumours without EGFR activating mutations, Tarceva is indicated when other treatment options are not considered suitable. When prescribing Tarceva, factors associated with prolonged survival should be taken into account. No survival benefit or other clinically relevant effects of the treatment have been demonstrated in patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-IHC - negative tumours. Pancreatic cancer Tarceva in combination with gemcitabine is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. When prescribing Tarceva, factors associated with prolonged survival should be taken into account.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tarceva","document_date":"05/03/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tarceva — EPAR, 05/03/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ERLOTINIB","product_id":"a3b2d622-b4d5-4819-862b-f8fd3adcec6f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Erlotinib tablets are a kinase inhibitor indicated for: • The treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test receiving first-line, maintenance, or second or greater line treatment after progression following at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. ( 1.1 ) • First-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine. ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use: • Safety and efficacy of erlotinib tablets have not been established in patients with NSCLC whose tumors have other EGFR mutations. ( 1.1 ) • Erlotinib tablets are not recommended for use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. ( 1.1 ) 1.1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Erlotinib tablets are indicated for: • The treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test receiving first-line, maintenance, or second or greater line treatment after progression following at least one prior chemotherapy regimen [see Clinical Studies (14.1 , 14.3) ] . Limitations of use: • Safety and efficacy of erlotinib tablets have not been established in patients with NSCLC whose tumors have other EGFR mutations [see Clinical Studies (14.1 , 14.2) ] . • Erlotinib tablets are not recommended for use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy [see Clinical Studies (14.4) ] . 1.2 Pancreatic Cancer Erlotinib tablet in combination with gemcitabine is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a3b2d622-b4d5-4819-862b-f8fd3adcec6f","document_date":"20240626","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0119","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ertapenem","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ertapenem","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"325642","display":"ertapenem"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000389","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005815","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ertapenem","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ertapénem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ertapeném","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ertapenem","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ερταπενέμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эртапенем","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ертапенем","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Invanz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ertapenem SUN"},{"lang":"en","text":"ERTAPENEM SODIUM"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ertapenem","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Invanz","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000389","lang":"en","text":"Treatment Treatment of the following infections when caused by bacteria known or very likely to be susceptible to ertapenem and when parenteral therapy is required:  intra-abdominal infections; community-acquired pneumonia; acute gynaecological infections; diabetic foot infections of the skin and soft tissue.  Prevention Invanz is indicated in adults for the prophylaxis of surgical site infection following elective colorectal surgery. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/invanz","document_date":"21/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Invanz — EPAR, 21/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ERTAPENEM SODIUM","product_id":"2398d418-6efc-b4d2-3265-936001df9b8b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ertapenem for injection is a penem antibacterial indicated in adult patients and pediatric patients (3 months of age and older) for the treatment of the following moderate to severe infections caused by susceptible bacteria: Complicated intra-abdominal infections. ( 1.1 ) Complicated skin and skin structure infections, including diabetic foot infections without osteomyelitis. ( 1.2 ) Community-acquired pneumonia. ( 1.3 ) Complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis. ( 1.4 ) Acute pelvic infections including postpartum endomyometritis, septic abortion and post surgical gynecologic infections. ( 1.5 ) Ertapenem for injection is indicated in adults for the prophylaxis of surgical site infection following elective colorectal surgery. ( 1.6 ) To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Ertapenem for injection and other antibacterial drugs, Ertapenem for injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. (1.7) 1.1 Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections Ertapenem for injection is indicated for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections due to Escherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme, Eubacterium lentum, Peptostreptococcus species, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, or Bacteroides uniformis . 1.2 Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections, Including Diabetic Foot Infections without Osteomyelitis Ertapenem for injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients (3 months of age and older) with complicated skin and skin structure infections, including diabetic foot infections without osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin susceptible isolates only), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus species, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, or Prevotella bivia . Ertapenem for injection has not been studied in diabetic foot infections with concomitant osteomyelitis [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )]. 1.3 Community Acquired Pneumonia Ertapenem for injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients (3 months of age and older) with community acquired pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin susceptible isolates only) including cases with concurrent bacteremia, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative isolates only), or Moraxella catarrhalis. 1.4 Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Including Pyelonephritis Ertapenem for injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients (3 months of age and older) with complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli, including cases with concurrent bacteremia, or Klebsiella pneumoniae. 1.5 Acute Pelvic Infections Including Postpartum Endomyometritis, Septic Abortion and Post Surgical Gynecologic Infections Ertapenem for injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients (3 months of age and older) with acute pelvic infections including postpartum endomyometritis, septic abortion and post surgical gynecological infections due to Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus species, or Prevotella bivia. 1.6 Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infection Following Elective Colorectal Surgery Ertapenem for injection is in adults indicated for the prevention of surgical site infection following elective colorectal surgery. 1.7 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Ertapenem for injection and other antibacterial drugs, Ertapenem for injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2398d418-6efc-b4d2-3265-936001df9b8b","document_date":"20251224","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0120","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ertugliflozin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ertugliflozin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1992672","display":"ertugliflozin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004315","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ertugliflozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ερτουγλιφλοζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эртуглифлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ертугліфлозин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Steglatro"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ertugliflozin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Steglatro","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004315","lang":"en","text":"Steglatro is indicated in adults aged 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control:  as monotherapy in patients for whom the use of metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications. in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/steglatro","document_date":"11/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Steglatro — EPAR, 11/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"STEGLATRO","product_id":"e6f3e718-bb99-48f1-ab94-b9f0af05fed6","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE STEGLATRO ® is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. STEGLATRO is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use Not recommended for use to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e6f3e718-bb99-48f1-ab94-b9f0af05fed6","document_date":"20260603","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0121","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"eslicarbazepine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/eslicarbazepine","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000988","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Eslicarbazepine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Eslicarbazepină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eslicarbazepin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Eslicarbazépine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Eslicarbazepina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Eslicarbazepina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Eslicarbazepina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eslikarbazepina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Eslikarbazepin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Eslikarbazepín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Eszlikarbazepin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eslikarbazepin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εσλικαρβαζεπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эсликарбазепин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Есликарбазепін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"eslicarbazepine acetate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zebinix"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aptiom"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"eslicarbazepine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zebinix","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000988","lang":"en","text":"Zebinix is indicated as adjunctive therapy in adults, adolescents and children aged above 6 years, with partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zebinix","document_date":"11/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zebinix — EPAR, 11/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE","product_id":"2067fb77-9657-44da-b430-02e8a4efacb5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Eslicarbazepine acetate tablets are indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 4 years of age and older. Eslicarbazepine acetate tablets are indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 4 years of age and older. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2067fb77-9657-44da-b430-02e8a4efacb5","document_date":"20260807","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0122","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"esomeprazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/esomeprazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"283742","display":"esomeprazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002618","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Esomeprazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ésoméprazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ezomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ezomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Esomeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εσομεπραζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эзомепразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Езомепразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"エソメプラゾール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"에소메프라졸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"埃索美拉唑","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إيزوميبرازول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एसोमेप्राज़ोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Nexium Control"},{"lang":"en","text":"Basic Care Esomeprazole Magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"DG Health Esomeprazole Magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"Esomeprazole Magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"Exchange Select Esomeprazole Magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"Foster and Thrive Acid Reducer"},{"lang":"en","text":"Good Sense Esomeprazole Magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"berkley and jensen heartburn treatment"},{"lang":"en","text":"careone esomeprazole magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"kirkland signature esomeprazole magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"signature care esomeprazole magnesium"},{"lang":"en","text":"up and up esomeprazole magnesium"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0311","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Gastroesophageal Reflux — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"esomeprazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Nexium Control","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002618","lang":"en","text":"Nexium Control is indicated for the short-term treatment of reflux symptoms (e.g. heartburn and acid regurgitation) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nexium-control","document_date":"13/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Nexium Control — EPAR, 13/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"esomeprazole magnesium","product_id":"4ba317eb-e007-4c97-b382-2b7cac0f6845","lang":"en","text":"Uses • treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) • not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4ba317eb-e007-4c97-b382-2b7cac0f6845","document_date":"20260813","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0123","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"estetrol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/estetrol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2539031","display":"estetrol"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006213","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Estetrol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Estétrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Estetrolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Esztetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Estetrol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εστετρόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эстетрол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Естетрол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Fylrevy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0418","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Menopause — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"estetrol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fylrevy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006213","lang":"en","text":"Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for oestrogen deficiency symptoms in hysterectomised postmenopausal womenHormone replacement therapy (HRT) for oestrogen deficiency symptoms in non-hysterectomised postmenopausal women with at least 12 months since last menses.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fylrevy","document_date":"09/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fylrevy — EPAR, 09/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0124","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"etanercept","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/etanercept","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"214555","display":"etanercept"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000262","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004007","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004192","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004711","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006738","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Etanercept","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Étanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Etanercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Etanersept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ετανερσέπτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Этанерцепт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Етанерцепт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"エタネルセプト","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"에타너셉트","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"依那西普","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إيتانيرسيبت","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एटानरसेप्ट","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Enbrel"},{"lang":"en","text":"Benepali"},{"lang":"en","text":"Erelzi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nepexto"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fubelv"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0378","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"etanercept","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Enbrel","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000262","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis Enbrel in combination with methotrexate is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis in adults when the response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including methotrexate (unless contraindicated), has been inadequate. Enbrel can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or when continued treatment with methotrexate is inappropriate. Enbrel is also indicated in the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis in adults not previously treated with methotrexate. Enbrel, alone or in combination with methotrexate, has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X-ray and to improve physical function. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Treatment of polyarthritis (rheumatoid-factor-positive or -negative) and extended oligoarthritis in children and adolescents from the age of two years who have had an inadequate response to, or who have proved intolerant of, methotrexate. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis in adolescents from the age of 12 years who have had an inadequate response to, or who have proved intolerant of, methotrexate. Treatment of enthesitis-related arthritis in adolescents from the age of 12 years who have had an inadequate response to, or who have proved intolerant of, conventional therapy. Enbrel has not been studied in children aged less than two years. Psoriatic arthritis Treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adults when the response to previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy has been inadequate. Enbrel has been shown to improve physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis, and to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X-ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease. Axial spondyloarthritis Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) Treatment of adults with severe active ankylosing spondylitis who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis Treatment of adults with severe non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence, who have had an inadequate response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).  Plaque psoriasis  Treatment of adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapy, including ciclosporin, methotrexate or psoralen and ultraviolet-A light (PUVA). Paediatric plaque psoriasis  Treatment of chronic severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from the age of six years who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/enbrel","document_date":"13/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Enbrel — EPAR, 13/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ENBREL","product_id":"a002b40c-097d-47a5-957f-7a7b1807af7f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Enbrel is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ( 1.1 ) Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) ( 1.3 ) Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) ( 1.4 ) Plaque Psoriasis (PsO) ( 1.5 ) Pediatric patients with: Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA), 2 years of age or older ( 1.2 ) Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis, 2 years of age or older (JPsA) ( 1.6 ) Plaque Psoriasis, 4 years of age or older ( 1.5 ) 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Enbrel can be initiated in combination with methotrexate (MTX) or used alone. 1.2 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms of moderately to severely active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older. 1.3 Psoriatic Arthritis Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage of active arthritis, and improving physical function in adult patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Enbrel can be used with or without methotrexate. 1.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis Enbrel is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). 1.5 Plaque Psoriasis Enbrel is indicated for the treatment of patients 4 years or older with chronic moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. 1.6 Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis Enbrel is indicated for the treatment of active juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a002b40c-097d-47a5-957f-7a7b1807af7f","document_date":"20260511","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0125","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"etrasimod","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/etrasimod","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2668045","display":"etrasimod"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006007","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Etrasimod","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Étrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Etrazymod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Etraszimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Etrasimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ετρασιμόδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Этрасимод","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Етрасимод","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Velsipity"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"etrasimod","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Velsipity","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006007","lang":"en","text":"Velsipity is indicated for the treatment of patients 16 years of age and older with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who have had an inadequate response, lost response, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy, or a biological agent.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/velsipity","document_date":"03/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Velsipity — EPAR, 03/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Velsipity","product_id":"65171e4a-d136-4abc-b08c-c40c1b486ff6","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VELSIPITY is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults. VELSIPITY is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=65171e4a-d136-4abc-b08c-c40c1b486ff6","document_date":"20250818","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0126","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"etravirine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/etravirine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"475969","display":"etravirine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000900","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Etravirine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Etravirină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Etravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Étravirine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Etravirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Etravirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Etravirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Etrawiryna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Etravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Etravirín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Etravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Etravirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ετραβιρίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Этравирин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Етравірин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Intelence"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"etravirine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Intelence","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000900","lang":"en","text":"Intelence, in combination with a boosted protease inhibitor and other antiretroviral medicinal products, is indicated for the treatment of human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1 (HIV-1) infection in antiretroviral-treatment-experienced adult patients and in antiretroviral-treatment-experienced paediatric patients from six years of age. This indication is based on week-48 analyses from two phase-III trials in highly pretreated patients where Intelence was investigated in combination with an optimised background regimen (OBR) which included darunavir/ritonavir. The indication in paediatric patients is based on 48-week analyses of a single-arm, phase-II trial in antiretroviral-treatment-experienced paediatric patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/intelence","document_date":"13/08/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Intelence — EPAR, 13/08/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"etravirine","product_id":"ea3856f6-fedf-ee88-e053-2a95a90a33ce","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Etravirine tablets, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, are indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in antiretroviral treatment-experienced adult patients and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older [see Microbiology (12.4) and Clinical Studies (14)] . Etravirine is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) indicated for treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-experienced patients 2 years of age and older. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ea3856f6-fedf-ee88-e053-2a95a90a33ce","document_date":"20260113","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0127","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"everolimus","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/everolimus","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"141704","display":"everolimus"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001038","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002311","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Everolimus","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Évérolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ewerolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Everolimusz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Everolimus","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εβερόλιμους","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эверолимус","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Еверолімус","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Afinitor"},{"lang":"en","text":"Votubia"},{"lang":"en","text":"Afinitor Disperz"},{"lang":"en","text":"TORPENZ"},{"lang":"en","text":"Yulithira"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0066","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"everolimus","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Afinitor","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001038","lang":"en","text":"Hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer Afinitor is indicated for the treatment of hormone-receptor-positive, HER2/neu-negative advanced breast cancer, in combination with exemestane, in post-menopausal women without symptomatic visceral disease after recurrence or progression following a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor. Neuroendocrine tumours of pancreatic origin Afinitor is indicated for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic, well or moderately differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of pancreatic origin in adults with progressive disease. Neuroendocrine tumours of gastrointestinal or lung origin Afinitor is indicated for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic, well-differentiated (Grade 1 or Grade 2) non-functional neuroendocrine tumours of gastrointestinal or lung origin in adults with progressive disease. Renal-cell carcinoma Afinitor is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma, whose disease has progressed on or after treatment with VEGF-targeted therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/afinitor","document_date":"20/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Afinitor — EPAR, 20/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Votubia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002311","lang":"en","text":"Renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) Votubia is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who are at risk of complications (based on factors such as tumour size or presence of aneurysm, or presence of multiple or bilateral tumours) but who do not require immediate surgery. The evidence is based on analysis of change in sum of angiomyolipoma volume. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) Votubia is indicated for the treatment of patients with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who require therapeutic intervention but are not amenable to surgery. The evidence is based on analysis of change in SEGA volume. Further clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease?related symptoms, has not been demonstrated.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/votubia","document_date":"20/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Votubia — EPAR, 20/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Everolimus","product_id":"5aaf2fb7-93f6-40d6-941a-9583a3794ce7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Everolimus is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of: • Adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib. ( 1.3 ) • Adults with renal angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), not requiring immediate surgery. ( 1.4 ) 1.3 Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Everolimus is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib. 1.4 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)-Associated Renal Angiomyolipoma Everolimus is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with renal angiomyolipoma and TSC, not requiring immediate surgery.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5aaf2fb7-93f6-40d6-941a-9583a3794ce7","document_date":"20260814","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0128","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"exagamglogene-autotemcel","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/exagamglogene-autotemcel","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2671667","display":"exagamglogene autotemcel"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005763","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Exagamglogene autotemcel","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogen autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogen autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogène autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogén autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogene autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogeno autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Eksagamglogen autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogen autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogén autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Exagamglogén autotemcel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Eksagamglojen ototemsel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εξαγκαμγκλογένη αυτοτεμσέλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Эксагамглоген аутотемцел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ексагамглоген аутотемцел","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Casgevy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0119","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Anemia, Sickle Cell — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"exagamglogene autotemcel","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Casgevy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005763","lang":"en","text":"β thalassemia Casgevy is indicated for the treatment of transfusion dependent β thalassemia (TDT) in patients 12 years of age and older for whom haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is appropriate and a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched related HSC donor is not available. Sickle cell disease Casgevy is indicated for the treatment of severe sickle cell disease (SCD) in patients 12 years of age and older with recurrent vaso occlusive crises (VOCs) for whom haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is appropriate and a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched related HSC donor is not available.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/casgevy","document_date":"12/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Casgevy — EPAR, 12/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CASGEVY","product_id":"7c3e12ad-e2fe-4d3f-a630-ea7364d9e846","lang":"en","text":"1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE CASGEVY is indicated for the treatment of patients aged 2 years and older with: sickle cell disease (SCD) with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises transfusion-dependent β - thalassemia (TDT) CASGEVY is an autologous genome edited hematopoietic stem cell-based gene therapy indicated for the treatment of patients aged 2 years and older with: sickle cell disease (SCD) with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). ( 1 ) transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7c3e12ad-e2fe-4d3f-a630-ea7364d9e846","document_date":"20260707","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0129","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fampridine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fampridine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"897018","display":"dalfampridine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002097","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005359","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fampridine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fampridină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fampridine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fampridina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fampridina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fampridina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fampridyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fampridín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fampridin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φαμπριδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фампридин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фампридин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Fampyra"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fampridine Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fampridine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fampyra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002097","lang":"en","text":"Fampyra is indicated for the improvement of walking in adult patients with multiple sclerosis with walking disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale 4-7).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fampyra","document_date":"21/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fampyra — EPAR, 21/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0130","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"febuxostat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/febuxostat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"73689","display":"febuxostat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000777","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004374","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004773","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Febuxostat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fébuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Febuksostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Febuxostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Febuxosztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Febuksostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φεβουξοστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фебуксостат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фебуксостат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Adenuric"},{"lang":"en","text":"Febuxostat Viatris (previously Febuxostat Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Febuxostat Krka"},{"lang":"en","text":"ULORIC"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0379","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Gout — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"febuxostat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Adenuric","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000777","lang":"en","text":"80 mg strength:  Treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred (including a history, or presence of, tophus and/or gouty arthritis). Adenuric is indicated in adults.  120 mg strength:  Adenuric is indicated for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred (including a history, or presence of, tophus and/or gouty arthritis). Adenuric is indicated for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricaemia in adult patients undergoing chemotherapy for haematologic malignancies at intermediate to high risk of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS). Adenuric is indicated in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/adenuric","document_date":"26/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Adenuric — EPAR, 26/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"FEBUXOSTAT","product_id":"4f1d0452-e041-cda6-e063-6394a90a2aef","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Febuxostat tablet is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. Febuxostat tablet is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor indicated for the chronic management of hyperuricemia in adult patients with gout who have an inadequate response to a maximally titrated dose of allopurinol, who are intolerant to allopurinol, or for whom treatment with allopurinol is not advisable. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use : Febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use : Febuxostat tablets are not recommended for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4f1d0452-e041-cda6-e063-6394a90a2aef","document_date":"20260310","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0131","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ferric-citrate-coordination-complex","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ferric-citrate-coordination-complex","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006402","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ferric citrate coordination complex","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Complex de coordinare citrat feric","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Eisen(III)-citrat-Koordinationskomplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Complexe de coordination du citrate ferrique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Complejo de coordinación de citrato férrico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Complesso di coordinazione del citrato ferrico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Complexo de coordenação de citrato férrico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kompleks koordynacyjny cytrynianu żelaza(III)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Koordinační komplex citrátu železitého","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Koordinačný komplex citrátu železitého","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vas(III)-citrát koordinációs komplex","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ferrik sitrat koordinasyon kompleksi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σύμπλοκο συναρμογής κιτρικού σιδήρου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Координационный комплекс цитрата железа(III)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Координаційний комплекс цитрату заліза(III)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xoanacyl"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ferric citrate coordination complex","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xoanacyl","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006402","lang":"en","text":"Xoanacyl is indicated for the treatment of concomitant elevated serum phosphorous and iron deficiency in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xoanacyl","document_date":"06/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xoanacyl — EPAR, 06/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0132","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fezolinetant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fezolinetant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2637134","display":"fezolinetant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005851","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fézolinétant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetanto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fezolinetant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φεζολινετάντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фезолинетант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фезолінетант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Veoza"},{"lang":"en","text":"VEOZAH"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0418","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Menopause — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fezolinetant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Veoza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005851","lang":"en","text":"Veoza is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/veoza","document_date":"21/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Veoza — EPAR, 21/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"VEOZAH","product_id":"cae9f798-24f9-4580-a4fc-e6c710cbda3c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VEOZAH ® is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause. VEOZAH is a neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=cae9f798-24f9-4580-a4fc-e6c710cbda3c","document_date":"20260226","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0133","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"filgotinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/filgotinib","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005113","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Filgotinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Filgotynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Filgotinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φιλγκοτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Филготиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Філготиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Jyseleca"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"filgotinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jyseleca","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005113","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis Jyseleca is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Jyseleca may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate (MTX). Ulcerative colitis Jyseleca is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic agent.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jyseleca","document_date":"10/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jyseleca — EPAR, 10/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0134","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"finerenone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/finerenone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2562811","display":"finerenone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005200","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Finerenone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Finerenonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Finerenon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Finérénone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Finerenona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Finerenone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Finerenona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Finerenon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Finerenon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Finerenón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Finerenon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Finerenon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φινερενόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Финеренон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фінеренон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kerendia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"finerenone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kerendia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005200","lang":"en","text":"Kerendia is indicated for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (with albuminuria) associated with type 2 diabetes in adults. For study results with respect to renal and cardiovascular events, see section 5.1. Kerendia is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kerendia","document_date":"07/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kerendia — EPAR, 07/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0135","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fingolimod","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fingolimod","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1012892","display":"fingolimod"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002202","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005191","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005661","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fingolimod","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fingolimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φινγκολιμόδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Финголимод","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фінголімод","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Gilenya"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fingolimod Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fingolimod Mylan"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fingolimod","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Gilenya","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002202","lang":"en","text":"Gilenya is indicated as single disease modifying therapy in highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis for the following groups of adult patients and paediatric patients aged 10 years and older:  Patients with highly active disease despite a full and adequate course of treatment with at least one disease modifying therapy (for exceptions and information about washout periods see sections 4.4 and 5.1).  or  Patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis defined by 2 or more disabling relapses in one year, and with 1 or more Gadolinium enhancing lesions on brain MRI or a significant increase in T2 lesion load as compared to a previous recent MRI.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/gilenya","document_date":"29/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Gilenya — EPAR, 29/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Fingolimod","product_id":"bd981e18-1766-4a2d-9a9b-965ec960aa06","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Fingolimod Capsules are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in patients 10 years of age and older. Fingolimod Capsules are sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in patients 10 years of age and older. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=bd981e18-1766-4a2d-9a9b-965ec960aa06","document_date":"20260827","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0136","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"florbetaben-18f","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/florbetaben-18f","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002553","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Florbétaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Florbetabén (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Florbetabeno (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Florbetabén (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Florbetabén (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Florbetaben (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φλορβεταμπένη (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Флорбетабен (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Флорбетабен (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"florbetaben (18f)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Neuraceq"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"florbetaben (18F)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Neuraceq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002553","lang":"en","text":"This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only. Neuraceq is a radiopharmaceutical indicated for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of ? amyloid neuritic plaque density in the brains of adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other causes of cognitive impairment. Neuraceq should be used in conjunction with a clinical evaluation. A negative scan indicates sparse or no plaques, which is not consistent with a diagnosis of AD.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/neuraceq","document_date":"06/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Neuraceq — EPAR, 06/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0137","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fluciclovine-18f","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fluciclovine-18f","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004197","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fluciclovine (18F)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fluciclovină (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fluciclovin (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fluciclovine (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fluciclovina (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fluciclovina (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fluciclovina (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Flucyklowina (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fluciklovin (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fluciklovín (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fluciklovin (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Flusiklovin (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φλουκικλοβίνη (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Флуцикловин (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Флуцикловін (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Axumin"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fluciclovine (18F)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Axumin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004197","lang":"en","text":"This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only. Axumin is indicated for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging to detect recurrence of prostate cancer in adult men with a suspected recurrence based on elevated blood prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels after primary curative treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/axumin","document_date":"26/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Axumin — EPAR, 26/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0138","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"flutemetamol-18f","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/flutemetamol-18f","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002557","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Flutémétamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamolo (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Flutemetamol (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φλουτεμεταμόλη (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Флутеметамол (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Флутеметамол (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vizamyl"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"flutemetamol (18F)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vizamyl","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002557","lang":"en","text":"This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only. Vizamyl is a radiopharmaceutical medicinal product indicated for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of ? amyloid neuritic plaque density in the brains of adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other causes of cognitive impairment. Vizamyl should be used in conjunction with a clinical evaluation. A negative scan indicates sparse or no plaques, which is not consistent with a diagnosis of AD.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vizamyl","document_date":"13/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vizamyl — EPAR, 13/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0139","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"follitropin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/follitropin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"386938","display":"follitropin alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000071","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002608","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002615","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Follitropin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Folitropină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Follitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Follitropine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Folitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Follitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Folitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Folitropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Folitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Folitropín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Follitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Follitropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φολλιτροπίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фоллитропин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фолітропін альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"GONAL-f"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ovaleap"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bemfola"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0420","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"follitropin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"GONAL-f","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000071","lang":"en","text":"Anovulation (including polycystic ovarian disease, PCOD) in women who have been unresponsive to treatment with clomiphene citrate. Stimulation of multifollicular development in patients undergoing superovulation for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT). GONAL-f in association with a luteinising hormone (LH) preparation is recommended for the stimulation of follicular development in women with severe LH and FSH deficiency. In clinical trials these patients were defined by an endogenous serum LH level <1.2 IU/l. GONAL-f is indicated for the stimulation of spermatogenesis in men who have congenital or acquired hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with concomitant human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/gonal-f","document_date":"09/01/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), GONAL-f — EPAR, 09/01/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Gonal-f","product_id":"ae85b9c3-e7eb-4981-a5d9-346050e8f189","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE GONAL-f is indicated for: GONAL-f is a gonadotropin indicated for: Women: Induction of ovulation and pregnancy in oligo-anovulatory infertile women for whom the cause of infertility is functional and not due to primary ovarian failure. ( 1.1 ) Development of multiple follicles in ovulatory infertile women as part of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) cycles. ( 1.2 ) Men: Induction of spermatogenesis in infertile men with primary and secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism for whom the cause of infertility is not due to primary testicular failure. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Induction of ovulation and pregnancy in oligo-anovulatory infertile women for whom the cause of infertility is functional and not due to primary ovarian failure. 1.2 Development of multiple follicles in ovulatory infertile women as part of an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle. 1.3 Induction of spermatogenesis in infertile men with primary and secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism for whom the cause of infertility is not due to primary testicular failure.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ae85b9c3-e7eb-4981-a5d9-346050e8f189","document_date":"20250902","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0140","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fondaparinux","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fondaparinux","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000403","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparynuks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinux","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fondaparinuks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φονδαπαρινούξη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фондапаринукс","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фондапаринукс","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"fondaparinux sodium"},{"lang":"en","text":"Arixtra"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0251","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pulmonary Embolism — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fondaparinux","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Arixtra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000403","lang":"en","text":"1.5-mg/0.3-ml and 2.5-mg/0.5-ml solution for injection Prevention of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in adults undergoing major orthopaedic surgery of the lower limbs such as hip fracture, major knee surgery or hip-replacement surgery. Prevention of VTE in adults undergoing abdominal surgery who are judged to be at high risk of thromboembolic complications, such as patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery. Prevention of VTE in adult medical patients who are judged to be at high risk for VTE and who are immobilised due to acute illness such as cardiac insufficiency and / or acute respiratory disorders, and / or acute infectious or inflammatory disease. Treatment of adults with acute symptomatic spontaneous superficial-vein thrombosis of the lower limbs without concomitant deep-vein thrombosis. 2.5-mg/0.5-ml solution for injection Treatment of unstable angina or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) in adult patients for whom urgent (< 120 mins) invasive management (PCI) is not indicated. infarction (STEMI) in adult patients who are managed with thrombolytics or who initially are to receive no other form of reperfusion therapy. 5-mg/0.4-ml, 7.5-mg/0.6-ml and 10-mg/0.8-ml solution for injection Treatment of adults with acute deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), except in haemodynamically unstable patients or patients who require thrombolysis or pulmonary embolectomy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/arixtra","document_date":"18/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Arixtra — EPAR, 18/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"fondaparinux sodium","product_id":"dffbf7c9-495e-4a33-ac76-57b52f014fc2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Fondaparinux sodium injection is a Factor Xa inhibitor (anticoagulant) indicated for: Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery (including extended prophylaxis), hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, or abdominal surgery. ( 1.1 ) Treatment of DVT or acute pulmonary embolism (PE) when administered in conjunction with warfarin. ( 1.2 , 1.3 ) 1.1 Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE): in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, including extended prophylaxis; in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery; in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery; in patients undergoing abdominal surgery who are at risk for thromboembolic complications. 1.2 Treatment of Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis when administered in conjunction with warfarin sodium. 1.3 Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Fondaparinux sodium injection is indicated for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism when administered in conjunction with warfarin sodium when initial therapy is administered in the hospital.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dffbf7c9-495e-4a33-ac76-57b52f014fc2","document_date":"20251028","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0141","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fostemsavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fostemsavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2380373","display":"fostemsavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005011","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fosztemszavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fostemsavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φοστεμσαβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фостемсавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фостемсавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rukobia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fostemsavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rukobia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005011","lang":"en","text":"Rukobia, in combination with other antiretrovirals, is indicated for the treatment of adults with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti-viral regimen.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rukobia","document_date":"11/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rukobia — EPAR, 11/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0142","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fremanezumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fremanezumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2056691","display":"fremanezumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004833","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Frémanézumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fremanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φρεμανεζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фреманезумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фреманезумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ajovy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fremanezumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ajovy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004833","lang":"en","text":"Ajovy is indicated for prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ajovy","document_date":"04/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ajovy — EPAR, 04/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0143","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fruquintinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fruquintinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2670179","display":"fruquintinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005979","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Frukwintynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fruquintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Frukintinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φρουκουιντινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фрукинтиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фрукінтиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Fruzaqla"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fruquintinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fruzaqla","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005979","lang":"en","text":"Fruzaqla as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who have been previously treated with available standard therapies, including fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan based chemotherapies, anti VEGF agents, and anti EGFR agents, and who have progressed on or are intolerant to treatment with either trifluridine tipiracil or regorafenib.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fruzaqla","document_date":"21/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fruzaqla — EPAR, 21/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Fruzaqla","product_id":"186d786e-dc8a-45f2-b5e1-01ac0201879f","lang":"en","text":"1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE FRUZAQLA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine‑, oxaliplatin‑, and irinotecan‑based chemotherapy, an anti‑VEGF therapy, and, if RAS wild‑type and medically appropriate, an anti-EGFR therapy. FRUZAQLA is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine‑, oxaliplatin‑, and irinotecan‑based chemotherapy, an anti‑VEGF therapy, and, if RAS wild‑type and medically appropriate, an anti-EGFR therapy. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=186d786e-dc8a-45f2-b5e1-01ac0201879f","document_date":"20260731","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0144","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"fulvestrant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/fulvestrant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"282357","display":"fulvestrant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000540","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004649","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Fulwestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Fulvesztrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Fulvestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φουλβεστράντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фулвестрант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фулвестрант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Faslodex"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fulvestrant Mylan"},{"lang":"en","text":"CLIGAVYX"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"fulvestrant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Faslodex","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000540","lang":"en","text":"Faslodex is indicated  as monotherapy for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women:  not previously treated with endocrine therapy, or with disease relapse on or after adjuvant antiestrogen therapy, or disease progression on antiestrogen therapy.   in combination with palbociclib for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in women who have received prior endocrine therapy.  In pre- or perimenopausal women, the combination treatment with palbociclib should be combined with a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/faslodex","document_date":"15/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Faslodex — EPAR, 15/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CLIGAVYX","product_id":"e20d8ca3-8837-4003-8b01-1ebec342062a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Monotherapy CLIGAVYX is indicated for the treatment of: Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women not previously treated with endocrine therapy, or HR-positive advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following endocrine therapy. Combination Therapy CLIGAVYX is indicated for the treatment of: HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women in combination with ribociclib as initial endocrine based therapy or following disease progression on endocrine therapy. HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with palbociclib or abemaciclib in women with disease progression after endocrine therapy. CLIGAVYX is an estrogen receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women not previously treated with endocrine therapy. ( 1 ) HR-positive advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following endocrine therapy. ( 1 ) HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women in combination with ribociclib, as initial endocrine based therapy or following disease progression on endocrine therapy. ( 1 ) HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with palbociclib or abemaciclib in women with disease progression after endocrine therapy. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e20d8ca3-8837-4003-8b01-1ebec342062a","document_date":"20260624","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0145","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"furosemide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/furosemide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"4603","display":"furosemide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006617","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Furosemide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Furosemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Furosemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Furosémide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Furosemida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Furosemide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Furosemida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Furosemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Furosemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Furosemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Furoszemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Furosemid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Φουροσεμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Фуросемид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Фуросемід","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"フロセミド","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"푸로세미드","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"呋塞米","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فوروسيميد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"फ्यूरोसेमाइड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Bopediat"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lasix"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"furosemide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Bopediat","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006617","lang":"en","text":"Bopediat is indicated in children from birth to less than 18 years of age for the treatment of oedema of cardiac or renal origin, oedema of hepatic origin, and hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/bopediat","document_date":"30/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Bopediat — EPAR, 30/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Furosemide","product_id":"2a5bcf50-6d63-463a-915e-a72ea2e5f131","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Edema Furosemide tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide tablets are particularly useful when an agent with greater diuretic potential is desired. Hypertension Oral furosemide may be used in adults for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Hypertensive patients who cannot be adequately controlled with thiazides will probably also not be adequately controlled with furosemide alone.\nEdema Furosemide tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide tablets are particularly useful when an agent with greater diuretic potential is desired.\nHypertension Oral furosemide may be used in adults for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Hypertensive patients who cannot be adequately controlled with thiazides will probably also not be adequately controlled with furosemide alone.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2a5bcf50-6d63-463a-915e-a72ea2e5f131","document_date":"20260618","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0146","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"galcanezumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/galcanezumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2058846","display":"galcanezumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004648","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Galcanezumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Galcanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Galcanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Galcanézumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Galcanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Galcanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Galcanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Galkanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Galkanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Galkanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Galkanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Galkanezumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γκαλκανεζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Галканезумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Галканезумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Emgality"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"galcanezumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Emgality","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004648","lang":"en","text":"Emgality is indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/emgality","document_date":"11/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Emgality — EPAR, 11/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0147","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ganirelix","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ganirelix","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"35825","display":"ganirelix"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000274","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005641","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ganirelix","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ganirélix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ganirrelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ganireliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ganirelix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ganireliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γκανιρελίξη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ганиреликс","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ганірелікс","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Orgalutran"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ganirelix Gedeon Richter"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0420","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ganirelix","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Orgalutran","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000274","lang":"en","text":"The prevention of premature luteinising-hormone surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction techniques. In clinical studies, Orgalutran was used with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone or corifollitropin alfa, the sustained follicle stimulant.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/orgalutran","document_date":"18/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Orgalutran — EPAR, 18/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0148","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"gemtuzumab-ozogamicin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/gemtuzumab-ozogamicin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1294580","display":"gemtuzumab ozogamicin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004204","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamycyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamicín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab-ozogamicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gemtuzumab ozogamisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γεμτουζουμάμπη οζογαμικίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гемтузумаб озогамицин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гемтузумаб озогаміцин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Mylotarg"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"gemtuzumab ozogamicin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mylotarg","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004204","lang":"en","text":"Mylotarg is indicated for combination therapy with daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (AraC) for the treatment of patients age 15 years and above with previously untreated, de novo CD33-positive acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), except acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mylotarg","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mylotarg — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Mylotarg","product_id":"32fd2bb2-1cfa-4250-feb8-d7956c794e05","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE MYLOTARG is a CD33-directed antibody and cytotoxic drug conjugate indicated for: • treatment of newly-diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults and pediatric patients 1 month and older ( 1.1 ). • treatment of relapsed or refractory CD33-positive AML in adults and pediatric patients 2 years and older ( 1.2 ). 1.1 Newly-Diagnosed CD33-positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) MYLOTARG is indicated for the treatment of newly-diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in adults and pediatric patients 1 month and older. 1.2 Relapsed or Refractory CD33-positive AML MYLOTARG is indicated for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in adults and pediatric patients 2 years and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=32fd2bb2-1cfa-4250-feb8-d7956c794e05","document_date":"20251219","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0149","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"gilteritinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/gilteritinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2105806","display":"gilteritinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004752","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Giltéritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Gilterytynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Gilteritinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γκιλτεριτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гилтеритиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гілтеритиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xospata"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"gilteritinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xospata","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004752","lang":"en","text":"Xospata is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients who have relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with a FLT3 mutation.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xospata","document_date":"16/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xospata — EPAR, 16/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0150","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"glasdegib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/glasdegib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2105845","display":"glasdegib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004878","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Glasdegib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Glasdégib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glaszdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Glasdegib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γκλασντεγκίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гласдегиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гласдегіб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Daurismo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"glasdegib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Daurismo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004878","lang":"en","text":"Daurismo is indicated, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly diagnosed de novo or secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in adult patients who are not candidates for standard induction chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/daurismo","document_date":"07/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Daurismo — EPAR, 07/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Daurismo","product_id":"204a6f7e-c9a4-472b-abd2-9527bda64d17","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE DAURISMO is indicated, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adult patients who are ≥75 years old or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. DAURISMO is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor indicated, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adult patients who are ≥75 years old or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=204a6f7e-c9a4-472b-abd2-9527bda64d17","document_date":"20251212","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0151","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"glibenclamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/glibenclamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"4815","display":"glyburide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004379","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Glibenclamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Glibenclamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Glibenclamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Glibenclamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Glibenclamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Glibenclamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Glibenclamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Glibenklamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Glibenklamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Glibenklamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glibenklamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Glibenklamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γλιβενκλαμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Глибенкламид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Глібенкламід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Amglidia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"glibenclamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Amglidia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004379","lang":"en","text":"Amglidia is indicated for the treatment of neonatal diabetes mellitus, for use in newborns, infants and children. Sulphonylureas like Amglidia have been shown to be effective in patients with mutations in the genes coding for the ?-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel and chromosome 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/amglidia","document_date":"11/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amglidia — EPAR, 11/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0152","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"glucagon","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/glucagon","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"4832","display":"glucagon"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003848","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005391","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Glucagon","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Glucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Glukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Glucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Glucagón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Glucagone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Glucagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Glukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Glukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Glukagón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Glukagon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γλυκαγόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Глюкагон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Глюкагон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"グルカゴン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"글루카곤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胰高血糖素","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"غلوكاغون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ग्लूकागॉन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Baqsimi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ogluo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Glucagon 1555"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"glucagon","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Baqsimi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003848","lang":"en","text":"Baqsimi is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycaemia in adults, adolescents, and children aged 4 years and over with diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/baqsimi","document_date":"15/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Baqsimi — EPAR, 15/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Ogluo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005391","lang":"en","text":"Ogluo is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycaemia in adults, adolescents, and children aged 2 years and over with diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ogluo","document_date":"17/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ogluo — EPAR, 17/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Glucagon","product_id":"8cc40354-b5ac-45b6-a211-93b44444f2a3","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE GLUCAGON for Injection is an antihypoglycemic agent and a gastrointestinal motility inhibitor indicated: for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes. ( 1.1 ) as a diagnostic aid for use during radiologic examinations to temporarily inhibit movement of the gastrointestinal tract in adult patients. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Severe Hypoglycemia Glucagon for Injection is indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes mellitus. 1.2 Diagnostic Aid Glucagon for Injection is indicated as a diagnostic aid for use during radiologic examinations to temporarily inhibit movement of the gastrointestinal tract in adult patients.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8cc40354-b5ac-45b6-a211-93b44444f2a3","document_date":"20260811","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0153","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"glycopyrronium","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/glycopyrronium","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1546438","display":"glycopyrronium"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002690","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002430","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003883","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Glycopyrronium","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Glicopironiu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Glycopyrronium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Glycopyrronium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Glicopirronio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Glicopirronio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Glicopirrónio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Glikopironium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Glykopyrronium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Glykopyrónium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glikopirrónium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Glikopironyum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γλυκοπυρρόνιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гликопирроний","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Глікопіроній","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"glycopyrronium bromide"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tovanor Breezhaler"},{"lang":"en","text":"Seebri Breezhaler"},{"lang":"en","text":"Sialanar"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"glycopyrronium","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Seebri Breezhaler","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002430","lang":"en","text":"Seebri Breezhaler is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/seebri-breezhaler","document_date":"26/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Seebri Breezhaler — EPAR, 26/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Sialanar","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003883","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of severe sialorrhoea (chronic pathological drooling) in children and adolescents aged 3 years and older with chronic neurological disorders.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/sialanar","document_date":"02/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Sialanar — EPAR, 02/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Tovanor Breezhaler","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002690","lang":"en","text":"Tovanor Breezhaler is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tovanor-breezhaler","document_date":"26/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tovanor Breezhaler — EPAR, 26/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0154","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"golimumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/golimumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"819300","display":"golimumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000992","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006560","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006621","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Golimumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Golimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γκολιμουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Голимумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Голімумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Simponi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Gobivaz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Gotenfia"},{"lang":"en","text":"SIMPONI ARIA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0378","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"golimumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Simponi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000992","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Simponi, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for:  the treatment of moderate to severe, active rheumatoid arthritis in adults when the response to disease modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy including MTX has been inadequate. the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis in adults not previously treated with MTX.  Simponi, in combination with MTX, has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X ray and to improve physical function. For information regarding the polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis indication, please see the Simponi 50 mg SmPC. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Simponi, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Simponi has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease (see section 5.1) and to improve physical function. Axial spondyloarthritis Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) Simponi is indicated for the treatment of severe, active ankylosing spondylitis in adults who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr Axial SpA) Simponi is indicated for the treatment of adults with severe, active non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence, who have had an inadequate response to, or are intolerant to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ulcerative colitis (UC) Simponi is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6 mercaptopurine (6 MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Ulcerative colitisPaediatric ulcerative colitis (pUC)Simponi is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in paediatric patients 2 years of age and older with a body weight of at least 15  kg, who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy, including corticosteroids and 6‑mercaptopurine (6‑MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) Simponi in combination with methotrexate (MTX) is indicated for the treatment of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with MTX. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Simponi, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for:  the treatment of moderate to severe, active rheumatoid arthritis in adults when the response to disease modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy including MTX has been inadequate. the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis in adults not previously treated with MTX.  Simponi, in combination with MTX, has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X ray and to improve physical function. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) Simponi in combination with MTX is indicated for the treatment of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with MTX. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) Simponi, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Simponi has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease (see section 5.1) and to improve physical function. Axial spondyloarthritis Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) Simponi is indicated for the treatment of severe, active ankylosing spondylitis in adults who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr Axial SpA) Simponi is indicated for the treatment of adults with severe, active non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence, who have had an inadequate response to, or are intolerant to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ulcerative colitis (UC) Simponi is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6 mercaptopurine (6 MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/simponi","document_date":"05/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Simponi — EPAR, 05/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SIMPONI ARIA","product_id":"9e260a47-55af-4c92-8d88-a86ccc767fff","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SIMPONI ARIA is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with moderately to severely active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in combination with methotrexate ( 1.1 ) Active Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) in patients 2 years of age and older ( 1.2 ) Adult patients with active Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) ( 1.3 ) Active polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) SIMPONI ARIA, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) SIMPONI ARIA is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in patients 2 years of age and older. 1.3 Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) SIMPONI ARIA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. 1.4 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA) SIMPONI ARIA is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9e260a47-55af-4c92-8d88-a86ccc767fff","document_date":"20250909","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0155","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"guanfacine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/guanfacine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"40114","display":"guanfacine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003759","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006312","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Guanfacine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Guanfacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Guanfasin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γουανφασίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гуанфацин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гуанфацин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Intuniv"},{"lang":"en","text":"Paxneury"},{"lang":"en","text":"Guanfacine extended-release"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0194","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"guanfacine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Intuniv","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003759","lang":"en","text":"Intuniv is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 6 17 years old for whom stimulants are not suitable, not tolerated or have been shown to be ineffective. Intuniv must be used as a part of a comprehensive ADHD treatment programme, typically including psychological, educational and social measures.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/intuniv","document_date":"13/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Intuniv — EPAR, 13/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Guanfacine","product_id":"04a3bd2d-9a9c-43e8-a0e2-280e02265f16","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Guanfacine tablets, USP are indicated in the management of hypertension. Guanfacine tablets, USP may be given alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=04a3bd2d-9a9c-43e8-a0e2-280e02265f16","document_date":"20260904","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0156","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"guselkumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/guselkumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1928588","display":"guselkumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004271","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Guselkumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Guselcumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Guszelkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Guselkumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Γκουσελκουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гуселькумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гуселькумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tremfya"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"guselkumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tremfya","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004271","lang":"en","text":"Adult plaque psoriasisTremfya is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Paediatric plaque psoriasisTremfya is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from the age of 6 years who are candidates for systemic therapy.   Psoriatic arthritisTremfya, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response or who have been intolerant to a prior disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.Ulcerative colitisTremfya is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response, lost response, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy, or a biologic treatment.Crohn’s diseaseTremfya is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response, lost response, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tremfya","document_date":"23/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tremfya — EPAR, 23/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TREMFYA","product_id":"1e6dc9ae-1c4c-42d9-87aa-c315ecc51b56","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TREMFYA is an interleukin-23 antagonist indicated for the treatment of: adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who also weigh at least 40 kg with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. ( 1.1 ) adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who also weigh at least 40 kg with active psoriatic arthritis. ( 1.2 ) adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. ( 1.3 ) adults with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Plaque Psoriasis TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who also weigh at least 40 kg with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who also weigh at least 40 kg with active psoriatic arthritis. 1.3 Ulcerative Colitis TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. 1.4 Crohn's Disease TREMFYA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1e6dc9ae-1c4c-42d9-87aa-c315ecc51b56","document_date":"20260604","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0157","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"hepatitis-b-surface-antigen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"797752","display":"hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005063","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hepatitis B surface antigen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Antigen de suprafață al hepatitei B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis-B-Oberflächenantigen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Antigène de surface de l'hépatite B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Antigene di superficie dell'epatite B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Antigénio de superfície da hepatite B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Antygen powierzchniowy wirusa zapalenia wątroby typu B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Povrchový antigen hepatitidy B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Povrchový antigén hepatitídy B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis B felszíni antigén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hepatit B yüzey antijeni","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Επιφανειακό αντιγόνο ηπατίτιδας Β","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Поверхностный антиген гепатита B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Поверхневий антиген гепатиту B","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Heplisav B"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"hepatitis B surface antigen","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Heplisav B","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005063","lang":"en","text":"Heplisav B is indicated for the active immunisation against hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) caused by all known subtypes of hepatitis B virus in adults 18 years of age and older. The use of Heplisav B should be in accordance with official recommendations. It can be expected that hepatitis D will also be prevented by immunisation with Heplisav B as hepatitis D (caused by the delta agent) does not occur in the absence of hepatitis B infection.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/heplisav-b","document_date":"28/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Heplisav B — EPAR, 28/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0158","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"hepatitis-b-vaccine-recombinant-dna","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/hepatitis-b-vaccine-recombinant-dna","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000373","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant DNA)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vaccin hepatitic B (ADN recombinant)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis-B-Impfstoff (rekombinante DNA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vaccin contre l'hépatite B (ADN recombinant)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vacuna antihepatitis B (ADN recombinante)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vaccino contro l'epatite B (DNA ricombinante)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vacina contra a hepatite B (ADN recombinante)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Szczepionka przeciw WZW typu B (rekombinowany DNA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vakcína proti hepatitidě B (rekombinantní DNA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vakcína proti hepatitíde B (rekombinantná DNA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis B elleni vakcina (rekombináns DNS)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hepatit B aşısı (rekombinant DNA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Εμβόλιο ηπατίτιδας Β (ανασυνδυασμένο DNA)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вакцина против гепатита B (рекомбинантная ДНК)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вакцина проти гепатиту B (рекомбінантна ДНК)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"HBVaxPro"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant DNA)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"HBVaxPro","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000373","lang":"en","text":"5 micrograms HBVaxPro is indicated for active immunisation against hepatitis-B-virus infection caused by all known subtypes in individuals from birth through 15 years of age considered at risk of exposure to hepatitis-B virus. The specific at-risk categories to be immunised are to be determined on the basis of the official recommendations. It can be expected that hepatitis D will also be prevented by immunisation with HBVaxPro as hepatitis D (caused by the delta agent) does not occur in the absence of hepatitis-B infection. 10 micrograms HBVaxPro is indicated for active immunisation against hepatitis-B-virus infection caused by all known subtypes in individuals 16 years of age or more considered at risk of exposure to hepatitis-B virus. The specific at-risk categories to be immunised are to be determined on the basis of the official recommendations. It can be expected that hepatitis D will also be prevented by immunisation with HBVaxPro as hepatitis D (caused by the delta agent) does not occur in the absence of hepatitis-B infection. 40 micrograms HBVaxPro is indicated for the active immunisation against hepatitis-B-virus infection caused by all known subtypes in predialysis and dialysis adult patients. It can be expected that hepatitis D will also be prevented by immunisation with HBVaxPro as hepatitis D (caused by the delta agent) does not occur in the absence of hepatitis B infection.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/hbvaxpro","document_date":"07/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), HBVaxPro — EPAR, 07/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0159","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"histamine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/histamine","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000796","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Histamine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Histamină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Histamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Histamine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Histamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Istamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Histamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Histamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Histamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Histamín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hisztamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Histamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ισταμίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гистамин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гістамін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"histamine dihydrochloride"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ceplene"},{"lang":"en","text":"2nd CHANCE MOBILITY Pain Relief"},{"lang":"en","text":"AMINO ACTIVE Topical Analgesic Cream"},{"lang":"en","text":"Arthritis Pain Relief Cream"},{"lang":"en","text":"Australian Dream Back Pain"},{"lang":"en","text":"BAKERS BEST Arthritis Pain Relief Cream with Hemp and Lavender"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bakers Best Arthritis Pain Relief"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bakers Best Arthritis Pain Relief with Hemp Seed"},{"lang":"en","text":"Glucosamine Cream EXTRA STRENGTH"},{"lang":"en","text":"Histaminum Hydrochloricum"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pain Relieving Cream"},{"lang":"en","text":"ROPANA Pain Relief Cream"},{"lang":"en","text":"Walgreens Arthritis Pain Relief Cream"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"histamine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ceplene","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000796","lang":"en","text":"Ceplene maintenance therapy is indicated for adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in first remission concomitantly treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2). The efficacy of Ceplene has not been fully demonstrated in patients older than age 60.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ceplene","document_date":"19/04/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ceplene — EPAR, 19/04/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Arthritis Pain Relief Cream","product_id":"523333ee-eccd-bcf7-e063-6394a90aea60","lang":"en","text":"Indications and Usage Section For use by adults and children over 12 years. Apply a thin layer to pain site and massage until thoroughly absorbed into skin. Apply no more than 3 to 4 times daily. Children 12 years or younger consult a physician.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=523333ee-eccd-bcf7-e063-6394a90aea60","document_date":"20260521","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0160","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"human-hepatitis-b-immunoglobulin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/human-hepatitis-b-immunoglobulin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"26744","display":"hepatitis B immune globulin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001089","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Human hepatitis B immunoglobulin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Imunoglobulină umană anti-hepatită B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hepatitis-B-Immunglobulin vom Menschen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Immunoglobuline humaine de l'hépatite B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Inmunoglobulina humana antihepatitis B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Immunoglobulina umana anti-epatite B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Imunoglobulina humana contra a hepatite B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ludzka immunoglobulina przeciw WZW typu B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lidský imunoglobulin proti hepatitidě B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ľudský imunoglobulín proti hepatitíde B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Humán hepatitis B immunglobulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsan hepatit B immünoglobulini","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανθρώπινη ανοσοσφαιρίνη ηπατίτιδας Β","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Иммуноглобулин человека против гепатита B","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Імуноглобулін людини проти гепатиту B","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zutectra"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0037","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hepatitis B — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"human hepatitis B immunoglobulin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zutectra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001089","lang":"en","text":"Prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) re-infection in HBsAg and HBV-DNA negative adult patients at least one week after liver transplantation for hepatitis B induced liver failure. HBV-DNA negative status should be confirmed within the last 3 months prior to OLT. Patients should be HBsAg negative before treatment start. The concomitant use of adequate virostatic agents should be considered as standard of hepatitis B re-infection prophylaxis.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zutectra","document_date":"25/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zutectra — EPAR, 25/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0161","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"hydroxocobalamin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/hydroxocobalamin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"5514","display":"hydroxocobalamin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000806","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Hydroxocobalamin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Hidroxocobalamină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Hydroxocobalamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Hydroxocobalamine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Hidroxocobalamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Idrossocobalamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Hidroxocobalamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Hydroksokobalamina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Hydroxokobalamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Hydroxokobalamín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Hidroxokobalamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Hidroksokobalamin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Υδροξοκοβαλαμίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Гидроксокобаламин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Гідроксокобаламін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cyanokit"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"hydroxocobalamin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cyanokit","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000806","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning. 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the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ibandronic acid","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Bondronat","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000101","lang":"en","text":"Bondronat is indicated for:  prevention of skeletal events (pathological fractures, bone complications requiring radiotherapy or surgery) in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases; treatment of tumour-induced hypercalcaemia with or without metastases.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/bondronat","document_date":"16/09/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Bondronat — EPAR, 16/09/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Bonviva","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000501","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). 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the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"icotrokinra","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Icotyde","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006730","lang":"en","text":"Icotyde is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults, and adolescents 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 40 kg, who are candidates for systemic therapy","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/icotyde","document_date":"22/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Icotyde — EPAR, 22/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0165","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"imetelstat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/imetelstat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2685236","display":"imetelstat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006105","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Imetelstat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Imételstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Imetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Imetelsztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İmetelstat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιμετελστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Иметелстат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Іметелстат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rytelo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0117","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"imetelstat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rytelo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006105","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of transfusion-dependent anaemia in adults with low- to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who have failed to respond or have lost response to or are ineligible for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rytelo","document_date":"15/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rytelo — EPAR, 15/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0166","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"imlunestrant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/imlunestrant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2725912","display":"imlunestrant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006184","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestranto","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Imlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Imlunesztrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İmlunestrant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιμλουνεστράντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Имлунестрант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Імлунестрант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Inluriyo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"imlunestrant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Inluriyo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006184","lang":"en","text":"Inluriyo is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with an activating ESR1-mutation, who have disease progression following prior treatment with an endocrine based regimen (for biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2).In pre- or perimenopausal women, or men, Inluriyo should be combined with a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/inluriyo","document_date":"23/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Inluriyo — EPAR, 23/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0167","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"inavolisib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/inavolisib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2695422","display":"inavolisib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006353","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Inavolisib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inawolisyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Inavolizib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnavolisib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιναβολισίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инаволисиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інаволісиб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Itovebi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; 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Patients previously treated with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor in the (neo)adjuvant setting should have had an interval of at least 12 months between termination of CDK 4/6 inhibitor treatment and the detection of recurrence. 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(EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0169","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"infliximab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/infliximab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"191831","display":"infliximab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000240","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002576","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004020","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004647","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Infliximab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Infliksymab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Infliximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnfliksimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινφλιξιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инфликсимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інфліксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"インフリキシマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인플릭시맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"英夫利西单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنفليكسيماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"इन्फ्लिक्सिमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Remicade"},{"lang":"en","text":"Remsima"},{"lang":"en","text":"Flixabi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zessly"},{"lang":"en","text":"Renflexis"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"infliximab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Remicade","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000240","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis Remicade, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the reduction of signs and symptoms as well as the improvement in physical function in:  adult patients with active disease when the response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, has been inadequate; adult patients with severe, active and progressive disease not previously treated with methotrexate or other DMARDs.  In these patient populations, a reduction in the rate of the progression of joint damage, as measured by X-ray, has been demonstrated. Adult Crohn's disease Remicade is indicated for:  treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn's disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with a corticosteroid and / or an immunosuppressant; or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies; treatment of fistulising, active Crohn's disease, in adult patients who have not responded despite a full and adequate course of therapy with conventional treatment (including antibiotics, drainage and immunosuppressive therapy).  Paediatric Crohn's disease Remicade is indicated for treatment of severe, active Crohn's disease, in children and adolescents aged six to 17 years, who have not responded to conventional therapy including a corticosteroid, an immunomodulator and primary nutrition therapy; or who are intolerant to or have contraindications for such therapies. Remicade has been studied only in combination with conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Ulcerative colitis Remicade is indicated for treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or azathioprine (AZA), or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Paediatric ulcerative colitis Remicade is indicated for treatment of severely active ulcerative colitis, in paediatric patients aged six to 17 years, who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6-MP or AZA, or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. Ankylosing spondylitis Remicade is indicated for treatment of severe, active ankylosing spondylitis, in adult patients who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Remicade is indicated for treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous DMARD therapy has been inadequate. Remicade should be administered:  in combination with methotrexate; or alone in patients who show intolerance to methotrexate or for whom methotrexate is contraindicated.  Remicade has been shown to improve physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis, and to reduce the rate of progression of peripheral joint damage as measured by X-ray in patients with polyarticular symmetrical subtypes of the disease. Psoriasis Remicade is indicated for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapy including cyclosporine, methotrexate or psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/remicade","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Remicade — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Renflexis","product_id":"dbf738c4-3fac-4422-a9d8-51d9c83a8789","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RENFLEXIS is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for: Crohn's Disease: reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. ( 1.1 ) reducing the number of draining enterocutaneous and rectovaginal fistulas and maintaining fistula closure in adult patients with fistulizing disease. ( 1.1 ) Pediatric Crohn's Disease: reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. ( 1.2 ) Ulcerative Colitis: reducing signs and symptoms, inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing, and eliminating corticosteroid use in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. ( 1.3 ) Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. ( 1.4 ) Rheumatoid Arthritis in combination with methotrexate: reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease. ( 1.5 ) Ankylosing Spondylitis: reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with active disease. ( 1.6 ) Psoriatic Arthritis: reducing signs and symptoms of active arthritis, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients. ( 1.7 ) Plaque Psoriasis: treatment of adult patients with chronic severe (i.e., extensive and/or disabling) plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate. ( 1.8 ) 1.1 Crohn's Disease RENFLEXIS is indicated for: reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD) who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. reducing the number of draining enterocutaneous and rectovaginal fistulas and maintaining fistula closure in adult patients with fistulizing CD. 1.2 Pediatric Crohn's Disease RENFLEXIS is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active CD who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. 1.3 Ulcerative Colitis RENFLEXIS is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing, and eliminating corticosteroid use in adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. 1.4 Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis RENFLEXIS is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active UC who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy. 1.5 Rheumatoid Arthritis RENFLEXIS, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1.6 Ankylosing Spondylitis RENFLEXIS is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). 1.7 Psoriatic Arthritis RENFLEXIS is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms of active arthritis, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in adult patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). 1.8 Plaque Psoriasis RENFLEXIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic severe (i.e., extensive and/or disabling) plaque psoriasis (Ps) who are candidates for systemic therapy and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate. RENFLEXIS should only be administered to patients who will be closely monitored and have regular follow-up visits with a physician [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dbf738c4-3fac-4422-a9d8-51d9c83a8789","document_date":"20260828","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0170","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"inotersen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/inotersen","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2099289","display":"inotersen"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004782","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Inotersen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Inotersén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Inotersena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inotersén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Inotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnotersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινοτερσένη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инотерсен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інотерсен","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tegsedi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0160","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Amyloidosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"inotersen","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tegsedi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004782","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of stage 1 or Stage 2 polyneuropathy in adult patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tegsedi","document_date":"04/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tegsedi — EPAR, 04/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0171","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-aspart","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-aspart","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"51428","display":"insulin aspart, human"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000258","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000308","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004046","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005033","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004965","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006187","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin aspart","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline asparte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina asparta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina asparte","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Aszpart inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin aspart","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη ασπάρτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин аспарт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін аспарт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"インスリン アスパルト","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인슐린 아스파트","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"门冬胰岛素","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنسولين أسبارت","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"इंसुलिन एस्पार्ट","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"NovoRapid"},{"lang":"en","text":"NovoMix"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fiasp"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin aspart Sanofi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kirsty (previously Kixelle)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dazparda"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin Aspart Protamine and Insulin Aspart Mix 70/30"},{"lang":"en","text":"NOVOLOG"},{"lang":"en","text":"NovoLog Mix 70/30"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin aspart","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fiasp","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004046","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged 1 year and above.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fiasp","document_date":"23/09/2021","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fiasp — EPAR, 23/09/2021. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"NovoMix","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000308","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/novomix","document_date":"29/08/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NovoMix — EPAR, 29/08/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"NovoRapid","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000258","lang":"en","text":"NovoRapid is indicated for treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged 1 year and above.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/novorapid","document_date":"28/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NovoRapid — EPAR, 28/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"NovoLog Mix 70/30","product_id":"66da64f7-ca50-47d2-95fa-de37005eef85","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE NOVOLOG MIX 70/30 is a mixture of insulin aspart protamine and insulin aspart indicated to improve glycemic control in adult patients with diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use: NOVOLOG MIX 70/30 is not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. The proportions of rapid-acting and long-acting insulins in NOVOLOG MIX 70/30 are fixed and do not allow for basal versus prandial dose adjustments. NOVOLOG MIX 70/30 is a mixture of insulin aspart protamine, an intermediate-acting human insulin analog, and insulin aspart, a rapid-acting human insulin analog, indicated to improve glycemic control in adult patients with diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use: Not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. The proportions of rapid-acting and long-acting insulins are fixed and do not allow for basal versus prandial dose adjustments (1) .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=66da64f7-ca50-47d2-95fa-de37005eef85","document_date":"20260518","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0172","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-degludec","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-degludec","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1670007","display":"insulin degludec"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002498","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin degludec","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină degludec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin degludec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline dégludec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina degludec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina degludec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina degludec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina degludek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin degludek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín degludek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Degludek inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin degludek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη ντεγκλουδέκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин деглудек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін деглудек","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tresiba"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin degludec","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tresiba","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002498","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tresiba","document_date":"27/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tresiba — EPAR, 27/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Insulin Degludec","product_id":"7a4bd8e5-7af4-4573-97c2-9945faf6a7dd","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Insulin Degludec is indicated to improve glycemic control in patients 1 year of age and older with diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use • Not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin Degludec is a long-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in patients 1 year of age and older with diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). Limitations of Use: • Not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7a4bd8e5-7af4-4573-97c2-9945faf6a7dd","document_date":"20240603","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0173","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-detemir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-detemir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"139825","display":"insulin detemir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000528","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin detemir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline détémir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Detemir inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin detemir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη ντετεμίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин детемир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін детемір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Levemir"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin detemir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Levemir","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000528","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged 1 year and above.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/levemir","document_date":"13/07/2021","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Levemir — EPAR, 13/07/2021. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Levemir","product_id":"82192527-99aa-4b53-8ce9-9173668d309c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE LEVEMIR is indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use LEVEMIR is not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. LEVEMIR is a long-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). Limitations of Use: Not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=82192527-99aa-4b53-8ce9-9173668d309c","document_date":"20241009","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0174","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-glargine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-glargine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"274783","display":"insulin glargine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000284","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000309","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002835","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004280","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006136","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin glargine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină glargin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin glargin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline glargine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glargina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glargine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glargina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glargina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin glargin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín glargín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glargin inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin glarjin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη γλαργίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин гларгин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін гларгін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"インスリン グラルギン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인슐린 글라진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甘精胰岛素","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنسولين غلارجين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"इंसुलिन ग्लार्जिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Lantus"},{"lang":"en","text":"Toujeo (previously Optisulin)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Abasaglar (previously Abasria)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Semglee"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ondibta"},{"lang":"en","text":"BASAGLAR KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin glargine U-300"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin glargine U-300 Max"},{"lang":"en","text":"LANTUS SOLOSTAR"},{"lang":"en","text":"TOUJEO"},{"lang":"en","text":"TOUJEO Max"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin glargine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lantus","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000284","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged two years and above","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lantus","document_date":"05/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lantus — EPAR, 05/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Toujeo (previously Optisulin)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000309","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children from the age of 6 years.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/toujeo","document_date":"05/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Toujeo (previously Optisulin) — EPAR, 05/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"BASAGLAR KwikPen","product_id":"0ad21db3-2b1c-4ed9-a687-bdd6a74d0aae","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BASAGLAR ® is indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BASAGLAR ® is a long-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use : Not recommended for treating diabetic ketoacidosis. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use BASAGLAR is not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0ad21db3-2b1c-4ed9-a687-bdd6a74d0aae","document_date":"20260616","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0175","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-glulisine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-glulisine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"400008","display":"insulin glulisine, human"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000557","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin glulisine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină glulizină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin glulisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline glulisine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glulisina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glulisina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glulisina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina glulizynowa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin glulisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín glulizín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Glulizin inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin glulisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη γλουλισίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин глулизин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін глулізин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Apidra"},{"lang":"en","text":"Apidra SoloStar"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin glulisine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Apidra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000557","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adults, adolescents and children, six years or older with diabetes mellitus, where treatment with insulin is required.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/apidra","document_date":"05/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Apidra — EPAR, 05/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Apidra","product_id":"e7af6a7a-8046-4fb4-9979-4ec4230b23aa","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE APIDRA is indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. APIDRA is a rapid-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e7af6a7a-8046-4fb4-9979-4ec4230b23aa","document_date":"20251125","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0176","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-human","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-human","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"253182","display":"insulin, regular, human"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000201","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000427","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000428","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000441","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000442","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000424","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin human","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină umană","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Humaninsulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline humaine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina humana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina umana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina humana","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina ludzka","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lidský inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ľudský inzulín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Humán inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsan insülini","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ανθρώπινη ινσουλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин человеческий","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін людський","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ヒトインスリン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인간 인슐린","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"人胰岛素","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنسولين بشري","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ह्यूमन इंसुलिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"insulin human (rdna)"},{"lang":"en","text":"human insulin (rdna)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insuman"},{"lang":"en","text":"Actraphane"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mixtard"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulatard"},{"lang":"en","text":"Protaphane"},{"lang":"en","text":"Actrapid"},{"lang":"en","text":"AFREZZA"},{"lang":"en","text":"HUMULIN R"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humulin 70/30"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humulin 70/30 KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humulin N"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humulin R U-500 KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"MYXREDLIN"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin human","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Actraphane","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000427","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/actraphane","document_date":"02/02/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Actraphane — EPAR, 02/02/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Actrapid","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000424","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/actrapid","document_date":"21/10/2020","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Actrapid — EPAR, 21/10/2020. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Insulatard","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000441","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/insulatard","document_date":"23/11/2020","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Insulatard — EPAR, 23/11/2020. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Insuman","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000201","lang":"en","text":"Diabetes mellitus where treatment with insulin is required. Insuman Rapid is also suitable for the treatment of hyperglycaemic coma and ketoacidosis, as well as for achieving pre-, intra- and postoperative stabilisation in patients with diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/insuman","document_date":"05/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Insuman — EPAR, 05/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Mixtard","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000428","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mixtard","document_date":"24/01/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mixtard — EPAR, 24/01/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Protaphane","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000442","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/protaphane","document_date":"27/10/2020","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Protaphane — EPAR, 27/10/2020. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Humulin R U-500 KwikPen","product_id":"b60e8dd0-1d48-4dc9-87fd-e14675255e8c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE HUMULIN R U-500 is a concentrated human insulin indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus requiring more than 200 units of insulin per day. HUMULIN ® R U-500 is a concentrated human insulin indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus requiring more than 200 units of insulin per day. ( 1 ) Limitation of Use: The safety and efficacy of HUMULIN R U-500 used in combination with other insulins has not been determined. The safety and efficacy of HUMULIN R U-500 delivered by continuous subcutaneous infusion has not been determined. ( 1.1 ) 1.1 Limitation of Use The safety and efficacy of HUMULIN R U-500 used in combination with other insulins has not been determined. The safety and efficacy of HUMULIN R U-500 delivered by continuous subcutaneous infusion has not been determined.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b60e8dd0-1d48-4dc9-87fd-e14675255e8c","document_date":"20260701","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0177","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-icodec","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-icodec","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2740394","display":"insulin icodec"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005978","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin icodec","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină icodec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin icodec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline icodec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina icodec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina icodec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina icodec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina ikodek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin ikodek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín ikodek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ikodek inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin ikodek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη ικοδέκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин икодек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін ікодек","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Awiqli"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin icodec","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Awiqli","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005978","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/awiqli","document_date":"17/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Awiqli — EPAR, 17/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0178","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"insulin-lispro","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/insulin-lispro","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"86009","display":"insulin lispro"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000088","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000393","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005037","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004303","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006158","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Insulin lispro","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Insulină lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Insulin lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Insuline lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Insulina lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Insulina lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Insulina lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Insulina lizpro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Inzulin lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Inzulín lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lispro inzulin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnsülin lispro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ινσουλίνη λισπρό","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Инсулин лизпро","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інсулін лізпро","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"インスリン リスプロ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"인슐린 리스프로","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"赖脯胰岛素","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إنسولين ليسبرو","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"इंसुलिन लिस्प्रो","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Humalog"},{"lang":"en","text":"Liprolog"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lyumjev (previously Liumjev)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin lispro Sanofi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bysumlog"},{"lang":"en","text":"ADMELOG"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humalog KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humalog Mix50/50 KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humalog Mix75/25"},{"lang":"en","text":"Humalog Mix75/25 KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin Lispro Junior KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin Lispro KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Insulin Lispro Protamine and Insulin Lispro Injectable Suspension Mix75/25 KwikPen"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"insulin lispro","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Humalog","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000088","lang":"en","text":"For the treatment of adults and children with diabetes mellitus who require insulin for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Humalog is also indicated for the initial stabilisation of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/humalog","document_date":"13/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Humalog — EPAR, 13/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Liprolog","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000393","lang":"en","text":"For the treatment of adults and children with diabetes mellitus who require insulin for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Liprolog is also indicated for the initial stabilisation of diabetes mellitus.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/liprolog","document_date":"21/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Liprolog — EPAR, 21/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Lyumjev (previously Liumjev)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005037","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged 1 year and above.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lyumjev","document_date":"13/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lyumjev (previously Liumjev) — EPAR, 13/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ADMELOG","product_id":"12ec9e3f-e2ac-43a1-b334-8b6538cf2bb0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ADMELOG is indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. ADMELOG is a rapid-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adult and pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=12ec9e3f-e2ac-43a1-b334-8b6538cf2bb0","document_date":"20260903","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0179","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"interferon-beta-1a","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/interferon-beta-1a","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"75917","display":"interferon beta-1a"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000102","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000136","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Interferon beta-1a","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Interféron bêta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Interferón beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Interferone beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Interferão beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Interferón beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Interferon béta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnterferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιντερφερόνη βήτα-1α","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Интерферон бета-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інтерферон бета-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Avonex"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rebif"},{"lang":"en","text":"Avonex Pen"},{"lang":"en","text":"REBIF REBIDOSE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"interferon beta-1a","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Avonex","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000102","lang":"en","text":"Avonex is indicated for the treatment of:  patients diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). In clinical trials, this was characterised by two or more acute exacerbations (relapses) in the previous three years without evidence of continuous progression between relapses; Avonex slows the progression of disability and decreases the frequency of relapses; patients with a single demyelinating event with an active inflammatory process, if it is severe enough to warrant treatment with intravenous corticosteroids, if alternative diagnoses have been excluded, and if they are determined to be at high risk of developing clinically definite MS.  Avonex should be discontinued in patients who develop progressive MS.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/avonex","document_date":"26/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Avonex — EPAR, 26/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rebif","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000136","lang":"en","text":"Rebif is indicated for the treatment of:  patients with a single demyelinating event with an active inflammatory process, if alternative diagnoses have been excluded, and if they are determined to be at high risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis; patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. In clinical trials, this was characterised by two or more acute exacerbations in the previous two years.  Efficacy has not been demonstrated in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis without ongoing relapse activity.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rebif","document_date":"02/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rebif — EPAR, 02/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Avonex","product_id":"d70a39cc-de15-4c12-a1ec-8063b69ea0e1","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE AVONEX is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. AVONEX is for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d70a39cc-de15-4c12-a1ec-8063b69ea0e1","document_date":"20251119","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0180","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"interferon-beta-1b","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/interferon-beta-1b","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"72257","display":"interferon beta-1b"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000081","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Interferon beta-1b","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Interféron bêta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Interferón beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Interferone beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Interferão beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Interferon beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Interferón beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Interferon béta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İnterferon beta-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιντερφερόνη βήτα-1β","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Интерферон бета-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Інтерферон бета-1b","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Betaferon"},{"lang":"en","text":"Betaseron"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"interferon beta-1b","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Betaferon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000081","lang":"en","text":"Betaferon is indicated for the treatment of  patients with a single demyelinating event with an active inflammatory process, if it is severe enough to warrant treatment with intravenous corticosteroids, if alternative diagnoses have been excluded, and if they are determined to be at high risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis; patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and two or more relapses within the last two years; patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with active disease, evidenced by relapses.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/betaferon","document_date":"23/11/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Betaferon — EPAR, 23/11/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Betaseron","product_id":"66311f74-0472-4fa3-848a-06002ca0def5","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BETASERON is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. BETASERON is an interferon beta indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=66311f74-0472-4fa3-848a-06002ca0def5","document_date":"20260303","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0181","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ioflupane-123i","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ioflupane-123i","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000266","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004745","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005135","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ioflupane (123I)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupan (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupan (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupane (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupano (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupano (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupano (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupan (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupan (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupán (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ioflupán (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İyoflupan (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιοφλουπάνιο (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Иофлупан (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Іофлупан (123I)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ioflupane (123l)"},{"lang":"en","text":"DaTSCAN"},{"lang":"en","text":"Striascan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Celsunax"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ioflupane (123I)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"DaTSCAN","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000266","lang":"en","text":"This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only. DaTSCAN is indicated for detecting loss of functional dopaminergic neuron terminals in the striatum:  In adult patients with clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndromes, for example those with early symptoms, in order to help differentiate essential tremor from Parkinsonian syndromes related to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. DaTSCAN is unable to discriminate between Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. In adult patients, to help differentiate probable dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer’s disease. DaTSCAN is unable to discriminate between dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/datscan","document_date":"25/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), DaTSCAN — EPAR, 25/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0182","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ipilimumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ipilimumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1094833","display":"ipilimumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002213","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ipilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İpilimumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιπιλιμουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ипилимумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Іпілімумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Yervoy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ipilimumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Yervoy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002213","lang":"en","text":"Melanoma Yervoy as monotherapy or combination with nivolumab is indicated for the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older (see section 4.4).  Yervoy in combination with nivolumab is indicated for the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults. Relative to nivolumab monotherapy, an increase in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the combination of nivolumab with ipilimumab is established only in patients with low tumour PD-L1 expression (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) Yervoy in combination with nivolumab is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with intermediate/poor-risk advanced renal cell carcinoma (see section 5.1). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Yervoy in combination with nivolumab and 2 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumours have no sensitising EGFR mutation or ALK translocation. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) Yervoy in combination with nivolumab is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) Yervoy in combination with nivolumab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mismatch repair deficient or microsatellite instability high colorectal cancer in the following settings:  first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer; treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer after prior fluoropyrimidine based combination chemotherapy (see section 5.1).  Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) Yervoy in combination with nivolumab is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumour cell PD-L1 expression ≥ 1%.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Yervoy in combination with nivolumab is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/yervoy","document_date":"24/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Yervoy — EPAR, 24/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"YERVOY","product_id":"2265ef30-253e-11df-8a39-0800200c9a66","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE YERVOY is a human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-blocking antibody indicated for: Melanoma • Treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older as a single agent or in combination with nivolumab. (1.1) • Adjuvant treatment of adult patients with cutaneous melanoma with pathologic involvement of regional lymph nodes of more than 1 mm who have undergone complete resection, including total lymphadenectomy. (1.2) Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) • Treatment of adult patients with intermediate or poor risk advanced renal cell carcinoma, as first-line treatment in combination with nivolumab. (1.3) Colorectal Cancer • Treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-authorized test in combination with nivolumab. (1.4) Hepatocellular Carcinoma • adult patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as first-line treatment in combination with nivolumab. ( 1.5 ) • in combination with nivolumab in adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib. (1.5) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) • Treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer expressing PD-L1 (≥1%) as determined by an FDA-authorized test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, as first-line treatment in combination with nivolumab. (1.6) • Treatment of adult patients with metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations as first-line treatment, in combination with nivolumab and 2 cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy. (1.6) Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma • Treatment of adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, as first-line treatment in combination with nivolumab. (1.7) Esophageal Cancer • Treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, as first line treatment in combination with nivolumab whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1). (1.8) 1.1 Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma YERVOY, as a single agent or in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. 1.2 Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma YERVOY is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with cutaneous melanoma with pathologic involvement of regional lymph nodes of more than 1 mm who have undergone complete resection, including total lymphadenectomy. 1.3 Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with intermediate or poor risk advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). 1.4 Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer • YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-authorized test . 1.5 Hepatocellular Carcinoma • YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). • YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib. 1.6 Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1%) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab and 2 cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic or recurrent NSCLC, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. 1.7 Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. 1.8 Esophageal Cancer YERVOY, in combination with nivolumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2265ef30-253e-11df-8a39-0800200c9a66","document_date":"20260820","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0183","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"irbesartan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/irbesartan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"83818","display":"irbesartan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000141","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000142","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000785","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000962","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001093","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Irbesartan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Irbésartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Irbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Irbezartán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İrbesartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιρβεσαρτάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ирбесартан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ірбесартан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aprovel"},{"lang":"en","text":"Karvea"},{"lang":"en","text":"Irbesartan Zentiva (previously Irbesartan Winthrop)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ifirmasta (previously Irbesartan Krka)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Irbesartan Teva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"irbesartan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aprovel","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000141","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of essential hypertension. Treatment of renal disease in patients with hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus as part of an antihypertensive medicinal-product regimen.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aprovel","document_date":"19/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aprovel — EPAR, 19/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Irbesartan Zentiva (previously Irbesartan Winthrop)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000785","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of essential hypertension. Treatment of renal disease in patients with hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus as part of an antihypertensive medicinal-product regimen.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/irbesartan-zentiva","document_date":"27/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Irbesartan Zentiva (previously Irbesartan Winthrop) — EPAR, 27/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Karvea","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000142","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of essential hypertension. Treatment of renal disease in patients with hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus as part of an antihypertensive medicinal product regimen.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/karvea","document_date":"16/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Karvea — EPAR, 16/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"IRBESARTAN","product_id":"61ab1b6e-c849-49ca-a3f0-150774db649d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 1.1 Hypertension Irbesartan tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Irbesartan tablets, USP may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. 1.2 Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Irbesartan tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, an elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria (>300 mg/day). In this population, irbesartan tablets, USP reduce the rate of progression of nephropathy as measured by the occurrence of doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease (need for dialysis or renal transplantation) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Irbesartan tablets, USP are, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: Treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) ​ Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, an elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. ( 1.2 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=61ab1b6e-c849-49ca-a3f0-150774db649d","document_date":"20260805","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0184","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"irinotecan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/irinotecan","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004125","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Irinotecan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Irinotecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Irinotecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Irinotécan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Irinotecán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Irinotecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Irinotecano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Irynotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Irinotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Irinotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Irinotekán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İrinotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιρινοτεκάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Иринотекан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Іринотекан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Onivyde pegylated liposomal (previously Onivyde)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0066","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"irinotecan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Onivyde pegylated liposomal (previously Onivyde)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004125","lang":"en","text":"ONIVYDE pegylated liposomal is indicated:- in combination with oxaliplatin, 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) and leucovorin (LV) for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas,- in combination with 5-FU and LV for the treatment of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, in adult patients who have progressed following gemcitabine based therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/onivyde-pegylated-liposomal","document_date":"29/11/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Onivyde pegylated liposomal (previously Onivyde) — EPAR, 29/11/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0185","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"isavuconazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/isavuconazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1720882","display":"isavuconazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002734","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Isavuconazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Isavuconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Isavuconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Isavuconazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Isavuconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Isavuconazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Isavuconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Izawukonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Isavukonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Izavukonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Izavukonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İsavukonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ισαβουκοναζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Изавуконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ізавуконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cresemba"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0046","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"isavuconazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cresemba","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002734","lang":"en","text":"Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion: Cresemba is indicated in patients from 1 year of age and older for the treatment of  invasive aspergillosis mucormycosis in patients for whom amphotericin B is inappropriate (see sections 4.4 and 5.1)  Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antifungal agents. Hard capsules: Cresemba hard capsules are indicated in adults and in paediatric patients from 6 years of age for the treatment of  invasive aspergillosis mucormycosis in patients for whom amphotericin B is inappropriate (see sections 4.4 and 5.1)  Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antifungal agents. Cresemba 40 mg hard capsules are intended to be used for paediatric patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cresemba","document_date":"24/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cresemba — EPAR, 24/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0186","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ivabradine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ivabradine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1649480","display":"ivabradine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000598","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000597","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004187","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004117","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004241","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ivabradine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Iwabradyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ivabradin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İvabradin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιβαμπραδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ивабрадин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Івабрадин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Corlentor"},{"lang":"en","text":"Procoralan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ivabradine Anpharm"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ivabradine Zentiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ivabradine Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Corlanor"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0245","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Angina Pectoris — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ivabradine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Corlentor","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000598","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris Ivabradine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris in coronary artery disease adults with normal sinus rhythm and heart rate ? 70 bpm. Ivabradine is indicated:  in adults unable to tolerate or with a contraindication to the use of beta-blockers or in combination with beta-blockers in patients inadequately controlled with an optimal beta-blocker dose.  Treatment of chronic heart failure Ivabradine is indicated in chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV class with systolic dysfunction, in patients in sinus rhythm and whose heart rate is ? 75 bpm, in combination with standard therapy including beta-blocker therapy or when beta-blocker therapy is contraindicated or not tolerated.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/corlentor","document_date":"17/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Corlentor — EPAR, 17/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Ivabradine Anpharm","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004187","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris Ivabradine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris in coronary artery disease adults with normal sinus rhythm and heart rate ? 70 bpm. Ivabradine is indicated:  in adults unable to tolerate or with a contra-indication to the use of beta-blockers or in combination with beta-blockers in patients inadequately controlled with an optimal betablocker dose.  Treatment of chronic heart failure Ivabradine is indicated in chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV class with systolic dysfunction, in patients in sinus rhythm and whose heart rate is ? 75 bpm, in combination with standard therapy including beta-blocker therapy or when beta-blocker therapy is contraindicated or not tolerated.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ivabradine-anpharm","document_date":"17/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ivabradine Anpharm — EPAR, 17/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Procoralan","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000597","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris  Ivabradine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris in coronary artery disease adults with normal sinus rhythm and heart rate ? 70 bpm. Ivabradine is indicated :  in adults unable to tolerate or with a contraindication to the use of beta-blockers or in combination with beta-blockers in patients inadequately controlled with an optimal beta-blocker dose.  Treatment of chronic heart failure  Ivabradine is indicated in chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV class with systolic dysfunction, in patients in sinus rhythm and whose heart rate is ? 75 bpm, in combination with standard therapy including beta-blocker therapy or when beta-blocker therapy is contraindicated or not tolerated.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/procoralan","document_date":"17/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Procoralan — EPAR, 17/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Ivabradine","product_id":"676907d3-b374-4baa-8422-c04706409540","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ivabradine tablets are a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blocker indicated: To reduce the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure in adult patients with stable, symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. ( 1.1 ) 1.1 Heart Failure in Adult Patients Ivabradine tablets are indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure in adult patients with stable, symptomatic chronic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%, who are in sinus rhythm with resting heart rate ≥ 70 beats per minute and either are on maximally tolerated doses of beta-blockers or have a contraindication to beta-blocker use.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=676907d3-b374-4baa-8422-c04706409540","document_date":"20260820","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0187","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ivacaftor","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ivacaftor","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1243041","display":"ivacaftor"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002494","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ivacaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Iwakaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ivakaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ivakaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ivakaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İvakaftor","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιβακαφτόρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ивакафтор","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Івакафтор","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kalydeco"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0159","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ivacaftor","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kalydeco","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002494","lang":"en","text":"Kalydeco tablets are indicated:  - As monotherapy for the treatment of adults, adolescents, and children aged 6 years and older and weighing 25 kg or more with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have an R117H CFTR mutation or one of the following gating (Class III) mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene: G551D, G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, S1251N, S1255P, S549N or S549R. - In a combination regimen with tezacaftor/ivacaftor tablets for the treatment of adults, adolescents, and children aged 6 years and older with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are homozygous for the F508del mutation or who are heterozygous for the F508del mutation and have one of the following mutations in the CFTR gene: P67L, R117C, L206W, R352Q, A455E, D579G, 711+3A→G, S945L, S977F, R1070W, D1152H, 2789+5G→A, 3272 26A→G, and 3849+10kbC→T. - In a combination regimen with ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexacaftor tablets for the treatment of adults, adolescents, and children aged 6 years and older with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have at least one non-Class I mutation in the CFTR gene. Kalydeco granules are indicated: - As monotherapy for the treatment of infants aged at least 1 month, toddlers and children weighing 3 kg to less than 25 kg with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have an R117H CFTR mutation or one of the following gating (Class III) mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene: G551D, G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, S1251N, S1255P, S549N or S549R. - In a combination regimen with ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexacaftor for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in paediatric patients aged 2 to less than 6 years who have at least one non-Class I mutation in the CFTR gene.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kalydeco","document_date":"04/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kalydeco — EPAR, 04/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Kalydeco","product_id":"0ab0c9f8-3eee-4e0f-9f3f-c1e16aaffe25","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE KALYDECO is indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients aged 1 month and older who have at least one mutation in the CFTR gene that is responsive to ivacaftor potentiation based on clinical and/or in vitro assay data [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Clinical Studies (14) ] . If the patient's genotype is unknown, an FDA-cleared CF mutation test should be used to detect the presence of a CFTR mutation followed by verification with bi-directional sequencing when recommended by the mutation test instructions for use. KALYDECO is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients aged 1 month and older who have at least one mutation in the CFTR gene that is responsive to ivacaftor based on clinical and/or in vitro assay data. ( 12.1 , 14 ) If the patient's genotype is unknown, an FDA-cleared CF mutation test should be used to detect the presence of a CFTR mutation followed by verification with bi-directional sequencing when recommended by the mutation test instructions for use. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0ab0c9f8-3eee-4e0f-9f3f-c1e16aaffe25","document_date":"20260323","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0188","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ivosidenib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ivosidenib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2049873","display":"ivosidenib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005936","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidénib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Iwosydenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ivosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ivoszidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İvosidenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιβοσιδενίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ивосидениб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Івосиденіб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tibsovo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ivosidenib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tibsovo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005936","lang":"en","text":"Tibsovo in combination with azacitidine is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) R132 mutation who are not eligible to receive standard induction chemotherapy (see section 5.1). Tibsovo monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with an IDH1 R132 mutation who were previously treated by at least one prior line of systemic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tibsovo","document_date":"25/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tibsovo — EPAR, 25/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TIBSOVO","product_id":"65d254c0-67ad-42c4-b972-ad463b755b2d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TIBSOVO is an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) inhibitor indicated for patients with a susceptible IDH1 mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test with: Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) In combination with azacitidine or as monotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults 75 years or older, or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy ( 1.1 ). Relapsed or refractory AML For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory AML ( 1.2 ). Relapsed or refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory myelodysplastic syndromes ( 1.3 ). Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma For the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma who have been previously treated ( 1.4 ). 1.1 Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia TIBSOVO is indicated in combination with azacitidine or as monotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a susceptible isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test in adults 75 years or older, or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. 1.2 Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia TIBSOVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a susceptible isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . 1.3 Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes TIBSOVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with a susceptible isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . 1.4 Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma TIBSOVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) , and Clinical Studies (14.4) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=65d254c0-67ad-42c4-b972-ad463b755b2d","document_date":"20251222","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0189","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ixekizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ixekizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1745099","display":"ixekizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003943","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ixékizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ixequizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Iksekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ixekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İksekizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιξεκιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Иксекизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Іксекізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Taltz"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0378","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ixekizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Taltz","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003943","lang":"en","text":"Plaque psoriasisTaltz is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy.Paediatric plaque psoriasisTaltz is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children from the age of 6 years and with a body weight of at least 25 kg and adolescents who are candidates for systemic therapy.Psoriatic arthritisTaltz, alone or in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapies. Axial spondyloarthritis Ankylosing spondylitis (radiographic axial spondyloarthritis)Taltz is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis Taltz is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who have responded inadequately to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)Juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA)Taltz, alone or in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the treatment of active JPsA in patients 6 years of age and older and with a body weight of at least 25 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, conventional therapy.Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA)Taltz, alone or in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the treatment of active ERA in patients 6 years of age and older and with a body weight of at least 25 kg, who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, conventional therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/taltz","document_date":"21/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Taltz — EPAR, 21/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TALTZ","product_id":"ac96658a-d7dc-4c7c-8928-2adcdf4318b2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TALTZ ® is a humanized interleukin-17A antagonist indicated for the treatment of: patients aged 6 years or older with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. ( 1.1 ) adults with active psoriatic arthritis. ( 1.2 ) adults with active ankylosing spondylitis. ( 1.3 ) adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Plaque Psoriasis TALTZ ® is indicated for the treatment of patients 6 years of age and older with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis TALTZ is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis. 1.3 Ankylosing Spondylitis TALTZ is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. 1.4 Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis TALTZ is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) with objective signs of inflammation.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ac96658a-d7dc-4c7c-8928-2adcdf4318b2","document_date":"20260122","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0190","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ketoconazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ketoconazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6135","display":"ketoconazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003906","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ketoconazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ketoconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ketoconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Kétoconazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ketoconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ketoconazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cetoconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ketokonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ketokonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ketokonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ketokonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ketokonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κετοκοναζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Кетоконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Кетоконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ケトコナゾール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"케토코나졸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"酮康唑","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"كيتوكونازول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"कीटोकोनाज़ोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ketoconazole Esteve (previously Ketoconazole HRA)"},{"lang":"en","text":"1% ketoconazole"},{"lang":"en","text":"Gembooxt Ketoconazole 1% Medicated Shampoos"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tagrit Antifungal Treament Ketoconazole 1%"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0137","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cushing Syndrome — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ketoconazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ketoconazole Esteve (previously Ketoconazole HRA)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003906","lang":"en","text":"Ketoconazole Esteve is indicated for the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome in adults and adolescents above the age of 12 years.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ketoconazole-esteve","document_date":"05/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ketoconazole Esteve (previously Ketoconazole HRA) — EPAR, 05/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Gembooxt Ketoconazole 1% Medicated Shampoos","product_id":"49965e91-43c3-65d7-e063-6294a90abaec","lang":"en","text":"Controls flaking, scaling and itching associated with dandruff","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=49965e91-43c3-65d7-e063-6294a90abaec","document_date":"20260827","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0191","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lacosamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lacosamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"623400","display":"lacosamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000863","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005243","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004443","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006047","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lacosamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lacosamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lacosamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lacosamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lacosamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lacosamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lacosamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lakozamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lakosamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lakozamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lakozamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lakozamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λακοσαμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лакосамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лакосамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vimpat"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lacosamide UCB"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lacosamide Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lacosamide Adroiq"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lacosamide Oral Solution"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lacosamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lacosamide UCB","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005243","lang":"en","text":"Lacosamide UCB is indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults, adolescents and children from 4 years of age with epilepsy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lacosamide-ucb","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lacosamide UCB — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vimpat","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000863","lang":"en","text":"Vimpat is indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults, adolescents and children from 4 years of age with epilepsy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vimpat","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vimpat — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"LACOSAMIDE","product_id":"16a9afd2-35a6-44a9-b1d9-ca195c8640d7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Lacosamide is indicated for: Treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older ( 1.1 ) Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 4 years of age and older (1.2) 1.1 Partial-Onset Seizures Lacosamide is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older. 1.2 Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Lacosamide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 4 years of age and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=16a9afd2-35a6-44a9-b1d9-ca195c8640d7","document_date":"20260611","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0192","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lamivudine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lamivudine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"68244","display":"lamivudine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000107","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000242","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001113","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001111","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lamivudine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lamiwudyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lamivudin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λαμιβουδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ламивудин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ламівудин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Epivir"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zeffix"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lamivudine Teva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lamivudine Teva Pharma B.V."}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lamivudine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Epivir","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000107","lang":"en","text":"Epivir is indicated as part of antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV)-infected adults and children.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/epivir","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Epivir — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zeffix","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000242","lang":"en","text":"Zeffix is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with:  compensated liver disease with evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active liver inflammation and / or fibrosis. Initiation of lamivudine treatment should only be considered when the use of an alternative antiviral agent with a higher genetic barrier is not available or appropriate; decompensated liver disease in combination with a second agent without cross-resistance to lamivudine.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zeffix","document_date":"22/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zeffix — EPAR, 22/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Lamivudine","product_id":"6bd6b9da-df69-46db-813e-4e7f3bdecf95","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Lamivudine tablets (HBV) are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 , 14.2 )]. The following points should be considered when initiating therapy with lamivudine tablets (HBV): • Due to high rates of resistance development in treated patients, initiation of treatment with lamivudine tablets (HBV) should only be considered when the use of an alternative antiviral agent with a higher genetic barrier to resistance is not available or appropriate. • Lamivudine tablets (HBV) have not been evaluated in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or hepatitis delta virus. • Lamivudine tablets (HBV) have not been evaluated in liver transplant recipients or in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection with decompensated liver disease. Lamivudine tablets (HBV) are a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6bd6b9da-df69-46db-813e-4e7f3bdecf95","document_date":"20260729","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0193","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lapatinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lapatinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"480167","display":"lapatinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000795","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lapatinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lapatynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lapatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λαπατινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лапатиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лапатиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tyverb"},{"lang":"en","text":"TYKERB"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lapatinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tyverb","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000795","lang":"en","text":"Tyverb is indicated for the treatment of patients with breast cancer, whose tumours overexpress HER2 (ErbB2):  in combination with capecitabine for patients with advanced or metastatic disease with progression following prior therapy, which must have included anthracyclines and taxanes and therapy with trastuzumab in the metastatic setting; in combination with trastuzumab for patients with hormone-receptor-negative metastatic disease that has progressed on prior trastuzumab therapy or therapies in combination with chemotherapy; in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for post-menopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive metastatic disease, not currently intended for chemotherapy. The patients in the registration study had not previously been treated with trastuzumab or an aromatase inhibitor. No data are available on the efficacy of this combination relative to trastuzumab in combination with an aromatase inhibitor in this patient population.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tyverb","document_date":"06/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tyverb — EPAR, 06/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TYKERB","product_id":"eee37f88-ec6a-4c30-b8aa-e2c71f93088c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TYKERB ® is indicated in combination with: capecitabine for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and who have received prior therapy, including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab. Limitations of Use : Patients should have disease progression on trastuzumab prior to initiation of treatment with TYKERB in combination with capecitabine. letrozole for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses the HER2 receptor for whom hormonal therapy is indicated. TYKERB in combination with an aromatase inhibitor has not been compared to a trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. TYKERB is a kinase inhibitor indicated in combination with: ( 1 ) capecitabine for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and who have received prior therapy, including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab. Limitations of Use : Patients should have disease progression on trastuzumab prior to initiation of treatment with TYKERB in combination with capecitabine. letrozole for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses the HER2 receptor for whom hormonal therapy is indicated. TYKERB in combination with an aromatase inhibitor has not been compared to a trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=eee37f88-ec6a-4c30-b8aa-e2c71f93088c","document_date":"20260127","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0194","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lasmiditan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lasmiditan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2256930","display":"lasmiditan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005332","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lasmiditan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λασμιδιτάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ласмидитан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ласмідитан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rayvow"},{"lang":"en","text":"Reyvow"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lasmiditan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rayvow","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005332","lang":"en","text":"RAYVOW is indicated for the acute treatment of the headache phase of migraine attacks, with or without aura in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rayvow","document_date":"06/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rayvow — EPAR, 06/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Reyvow","product_id":"aea3358c-ff41-4490-9e6d-c7bf7b3de13f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE REYVOW ® is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. REYVOW ® is a serotonin (5-HT) 1F receptor agonist indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use REYVOW is not indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use REYVOW is not indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=aea3358c-ff41-4490-9e6d-c7bf7b3de13f","document_date":"20260108","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0195","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lecanemab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lecanemab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2626143","display":"lecanemab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005966","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lecanemab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lecanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lecanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lécanémab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lecanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lecanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lecanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lekanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lekanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lekanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lekanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lekanemab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεκανεμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Леканемаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Леканемаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Leqembi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0206","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lecanemab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Leqembi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005966","lang":"en","text":"Leqembi is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (Early Alzheimer’s disease) who are apolipoprotein E 4 (ApoE ε4) non-carriers or heterozygotes with confirmed amyloid pathology (see section 4.4).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/leqembi","document_date":"05/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Leqembi — EPAR, 05/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0196","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"leflunomide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/leflunomide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"27169","display":"leflunomide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000235","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001129","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001227","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002035","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Leflunomide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Léflunomide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Leflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεφλουνομίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лефлуномид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лефлуномід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Arava"},{"lang":"en","text":"Leflunomide Zentiva (previously Leflunomide Winthrop)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Leflunomide medac"},{"lang":"en","text":"Leflunomide ratiopharm"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"leflunomide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Arava","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000235","lang":"en","text":"Leflunomide is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with:  active rheumatoid arthritis as a 'disease-modifying antirheumatic drug' (DMARD); active psoriatic arthritis.  Recent or concurrent treatment with hepatotoxic or haematotoxic DMARDs (e.g. methotrexate) may result in an increased risk of serious adverse reactions; therefore, the initiation of leflunomide treatment has to be carefully considered regarding these benefit / risk aspects. Moreover, switching from leflunomide to another DMARD without following the washout procedure may also increase the risk of serious adverse reactions even for a long time after the switching.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/arava","document_date":"07/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Arava — EPAR, 07/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Leflunomide Zentiva (previously Leflunomide Winthrop)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001129","lang":"en","text":"Leflunomide is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with:  active rheumatoid arthritis as a 'disease-modifying antirheumatic drug' (DMARD); active psoriatic arthritis.  Recent or concurrent treatment with hepatotoxic or haematotoxic DMARDs (e.g. methotrexate) may result in an increased risk of serious adverse reactions; therefore, the initiation of leflunomide treatment has to be carefully considered regarding these benefit / risk aspects. Moreover, switching from leflunomide to another DMARD without following the washout procedure may also increase the risk of serious adverse reactions even for a long time after the switching.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/leflunomide-zentiva","document_date":"22/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Leflunomide Zentiva (previously Leflunomide Winthrop) — EPAR, 22/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"leflunomide","product_id":"91712aad-d96c-4ef0-97e7-b31ed18ca6d8","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Leflunomide tablets is indicated for the treatment of adults with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Leflunomide tablets are a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adults with active rheumatoid arthritis.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=91712aad-d96c-4ef0-97e7-b31ed18ca6d8","document_date":"20260317","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0197","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lenacapavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lenacapavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2625651","display":"lenacapavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005638","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006658","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lenacapavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lenacapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lenacapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lénacapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lenacapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lenacapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lenacapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lenakapawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lenakapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lenakapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lenakapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenakapavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λενακαπαβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ленакапавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ленакапавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Sunlenca"},{"lang":"en","text":"Yeytuo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lenacapavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Sunlenca","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005638","lang":"en","text":"Sunlenca injection, in combination with other antiretroviral(s), is indicated for the treatment of adults with multidrug resistant HIV 1 infection for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti viral regimen (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). Sunlenca tablet, in combination with other antiretroviral(s), is indicated for the treatment of adults with multidrug resistant HIV 1 infection for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti viral regimen, for oral loading prior to administration of long-acting lenacapavir injection (see sections 4.2 and 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/sunlenca","document_date":"26/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Sunlenca — EPAR, 26/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Yeytuo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006658","lang":"en","text":"Yeytuo tablet is indicated in combination with safer sex practices for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents with increased HIV 1 acquisition risk, weighing at least 35 kg for:  oral loading oral bridging  (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1) ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/yeytuo","document_date":"22/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Yeytuo — EPAR, 22/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0198","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lenalidomide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lenalidomide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"342369","display":"lenalidomide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000717","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004857","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005306","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005348","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005734","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lenalidomide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lénalidomide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenalidomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεναλιδομίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Леналидомид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Леналідомід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Revlimid"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lenalidomide Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lenalidomide Mylan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lenalidomide Krka (previously Lenalidomide Krka d.d. Novo mesto)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lenalidomide Krka d.d. Novo mesto (previously Lenalidomide Krka)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0117","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lenalidomide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Revlimid","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000717","lang":"en","text":"Multiple myeloma Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Revlimid as combination therapy with dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, or melphalan and prednisone (see section 4.2) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are not eligible for transplant. Revlimid in combination with dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma in adult patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Myelodysplastic syndromes Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with an isolated deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality when other therapeutic options are insufficient or inadequate. Mantle cell lymphoma Revlimid as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma Revlimid in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (Grade 1 – 3a).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/revlimid","document_date":"09/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Revlimid — EPAR, 09/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Lenalidomide","product_id":"1b2716cf-24b4-4157-a218-58ede63917bd","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analogue indicated for the treatment of adult patients with: Multiple myeloma (MM), in combination with dexamethasone ( 1.1 ). MM, as maintenance following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) ( 1.1 ). Transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with a deletion 5q abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities ( 1.2 ). Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) whose disease has relapsed or progressed after two prior therapies, one of which included bortezomib ( 1.3 ). Previously treated marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), in combination with a rituximab product ( 1.5 ). Previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL), in combination with a rituximab product ( 1.4 ). Limitations of Use: Lenalidomide capsules are not indicated and are not recommended for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) outside of controlled clinical trials ( 1.6 ). 1.1 Multiple Myeloma Lenalidomide capsules in combination with dexamethasone are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Lenalidomide capsules are indicated as maintenance therapy in adult patients with MM following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). 1.2 Myelodysplastic Syndromes Lenalidomide capsules are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities. 1.3 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Lenalidomide capsules are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) whose disease has relapsed or progressed after two prior therapies, one of which included bortezomib. 1.4 Follicular Lymphoma Lenalidomide capsules in combination with a rituximab product, are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL). 1.5 Marginal Zone Lymphoma Lenalidomide capsules in combination with a rituximab product, are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). 1.6 Limitations of Use Lenalidomide capsules are not indicated and are not recommended for the treatment of patients with CLL outside of controlled clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1b2716cf-24b4-4157-a218-58ede63917bd","document_date":"20260527","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0199","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lenvatinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lenvatinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1603296","display":"lenvatinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003727","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004224","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lenwatynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lenvatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λενβατινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ленватиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ленватиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Lenvima"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kisplyx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0097","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lenvatinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kisplyx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004224","lang":"en","text":"Kisplyx is indicated for the treatment of adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC):  in combination with pembrolizumab, as first-line treatment (see section 5.1). in combination with everolimus, following one prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kisplyx","document_date":"26/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kisplyx — EPAR, 26/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Lenvima","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003727","lang":"en","text":"Lenvima is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with progressive, locally advanced or metastatic, differentiated (papillary/follicular/Hürthle cell) thyroid carcinoma (DTC), refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI). Lenvima is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received no prior systemic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lenvima","document_date":"26/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lenvima — EPAR, 26/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0200","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"letermovir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/letermovir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1988648","display":"letermovir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004536","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Letermovir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Letermowir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Letermovir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λετερμοβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Летермовир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Летермовір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Prevymis"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0039","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cytomegalovirus Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"letermovir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Prevymis","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004536","lang":"en","text":"Prevymis is indicated for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease in adult and paediatric patients weighing at least 5 kg who are CMV-seropositive recipients [R+] of an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).Prevymis is indicated for prophylaxis of CMV disease in CMV-seronegative adult and paediatric patients weighing at least 40 kg who have received a kidney transplant from a CMV-seropositive donor [D+/R-].Prevymis is indicated for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease in adult and paediatric patients weighing at least 15 kg who are CMV-seropositive recipients [R+] of an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antiviral agents. ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/prevymis","document_date":"12/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Prevymis — EPAR, 12/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PREVYMIS","product_id":"1b49df80-be4f-47e0-a0b7-123f3e69395b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PREVYMIS is a CMV DNA terminase complex inhibitor indicated for: Prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in adult and pediatric patients 6 months of age and older and weighing at least 6 kg who are CMV-seropositive recipients [R+] of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). ( 1.1 ) Prophylaxis of CMV disease in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 40 kg who are kidney transplant recipients at high risk (Donor CMV seropositive/Recipient CMV seronegative [D+/R-]). ( 1.2 ) 1.1 CMV Prophylaxis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Recipients PREVYMIS ® is indicated for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in adult and pediatric patients 6 months of age and older and weighing at least 6 kg who are CMV-seropositive recipients [R+] of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). 1.2 CMV Prophylaxis in Kidney Transplant Recipients PREVYMIS is indicated for prophylaxis of CMV disease in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 40 kg who are kidney transplant recipients at high risk (Donor CMV seropositive/Recipient CMV seronegative [D+/R-]).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1b49df80-be4f-47e0-a0b7-123f3e69395b","document_date":"20260114","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0201","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"leuprorelin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/leuprorelin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"42375","display":"leuprolide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005034","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Leuprorelin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Leuproréline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorrelina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Leuprorelin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Löprorelin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λευπρορελίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лейпрорелин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лейпрорелін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Camcevi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"leuprorelin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Camcevi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005034","lang":"en","text":"Camcevi is indicated for the treatment of hormone dependent advanced prostate cancer and for the treatment of high-risk localised and locally advanced hormone dependent prostate cancer in combination with radiotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/camcevi","document_date":"15/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Camcevi — EPAR, 15/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0202","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"levetiracetam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/levetiracetam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"114477","display":"levetiracetam"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000277","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002316","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002244","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002355","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002024","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002290","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002305","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002051","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002783","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lévétiracétam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lewetyracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Levetiracetám","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Levetirasetam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεβετιρακετάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Леветирацетам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Леветирацетам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"レベチラセタム","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"레베티라세탐","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"左乙拉西坦","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ليفيتيراسيتام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लेवेतिरासेटम","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Keppra"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam Teva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam ratiopharm"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam Actavis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Matever"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam Actavis Group"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam Sun"},{"lang":"en","text":"Levetiracetam Hospira"},{"lang":"en","text":"LEVETIRACETAM Extended-release"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"levetiracetam","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Keppra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000277","lang":"en","text":"Keppra is indicated as monotherapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in patients from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Keppra is indicated as adjunctive therapy:  in the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults, children and infants from one month of age with epilepsy; in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; in the treatment of primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with idiopathic generalised epilepsy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/keppra","document_date":"01/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Keppra — EPAR, 01/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Levetiracetam","product_id":"0348fec4-d919-4307-ac90-35360819bc00","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Levetiracetam is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older (1.1) Levetiracetam is indicated for adjunctive therapy for the treatment of: • Myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (1.2) • Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (1.3) 1.1 Partial-Onset Seizures Levetiracetam tablets are indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older. 1.2 Myoclonic Seizures in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Levetiracetam tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. 1.3 Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Levetiracetam tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0348fec4-d919-4307-ac90-35360819bc00","document_date":"20260904","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0203","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"levodopa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/levodopa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6375","display":"levodopa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004786","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Levodopa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lévodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lewodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Levodopa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεβοντόπα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Леводопа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Леводопа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"レボドパ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"레보도파","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"左旋多巴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ليفودوبا","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लेवोडोपा","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Inbrija"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"levodopa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Inbrija","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004786","lang":"en","text":"Inbrija is indicated for the intermittent treatment of episodic motor fluctuations (OFF episodes) in adult patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with a levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/inbrija","document_date":"09/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Inbrija — EPAR, 09/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Inbrija","product_id":"077c0f39-a3a2-4b2b-a184-09131889dcfb","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE INBRIJA is indicated for the intermittent treatment of OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with carbidopa/levodopa. INBRIJA is an aromatic amino acid indicated for the intermittent treatment of OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with carbidopa/levodopa ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=077c0f39-a3a2-4b2b-a184-09131889dcfb","document_date":"20260720","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0204","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"levofloxacin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/levofloxacin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"82122","display":"levofloxacin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002789","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Levofloxacin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lévofloxacine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lewofloksacyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Levofloxacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Levofloksasin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λεβοφλοξασίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Левофлоксацин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Левофлоксацин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"レボフロキサシン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"레보플록사신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"左氧氟沙星","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ليفوفلوكساسين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लेवोफ्लोक्सासिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Quinsair"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0159","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"levofloxacin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Quinsair","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002789","lang":"en","text":"Quinsair is indicated for the management of chronic pulmonary infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/quinsair","document_date":"09/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Quinsair — EPAR, 09/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Levofloxacin","product_id":"2a4e97e0-0709-411b-92e8-6f7d669412e4","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial indicated in adults (18 years of age and older) with infections caused by designated, susceptible bacteria and in pediatric patients where indicated ( 1 , 12.4 ). • Pneumonia: Nosocomial ( 1.1 ) and Community Acquired ( 1.2 , 1.3 ) • Skin and Skin Structure Infections (SSSI): Complicated ( 1.4 ) and Uncomplicated ( 1.5 ) • Chronic bacterial prostatitis ( 1.6 ) • Inhalational Anthrax, Post-Exposure in adult and pediatric patients ( 1.7 ) • Plague in adult and pediatric patients ( 1.8 ) • Urinary Tract Infections (UTI): Complicated ( 1.9 , 1.10 ) and Uncomplicated ( 1.12 ) • Acute Pyelonephritis ( 1.11 ) • Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis ( 1.13 ) • Acute Bacterial Sinusitis ( 1.14 ) Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of levofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs, levofloxacin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria ( 1.15 ). 1.1 Nosocomial Pneumonia Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Adjunctive therapy should be used as clinically indicated. Where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a documented or presumptive pathogen, combination therapy with an anti-pseudomonal β-lactam is recommended [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1) ]. 1.2 Community-Acquired Pneumonia: 7 to 14 day Treatment Regimen Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multi-drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae [MDRSP]), Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 ) and Clinical Studies ( 14.2)]. MDRSP isolates are isolates resistant to two or more of the following antibacterials: penicillin (MIC ≥2 mcg/mL), 2 nd generation cephalosporins, e.g., cefuroxime, macrolides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. 1.3 Community-Acquired Pneumonia: 5-day Treatment Regimen Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (excluding multi-drug-resistant isolates [MDRSP]), Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydophila pneumoniae [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 ) and Clinical Studies ( 14.3)]. 1.4 Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Proteus mirabilis [see Clinical Studies ( 14.5)]. 1.5 Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (mild to moderate) including abscesses, cellulitis, furuncles, impetigo, pyoderma, wound infections, due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes. 1.6 Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis due to Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis [see Clinical Studies ( 14.6 )]. 1.7 Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure) Levofloxacin tablets are indicated for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis in adults and pediatric patients, 6 months of age and older [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2)]. The effectiveness of levofloxacin tablets is based on plasma concentrations achieved in humans, a surrogate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. Levofloxacin tablets have not been tested in humans for the post-exposure prevention of inhalation anthrax. The safety of levofloxacin tablets in adults for durations of therapy beyond 28 days or in pediatric patients for durations of therapy beyond 14 days has not been studied. Prolonged levofloxacin tablets therapy should only be used when the benefit outweighs the risk [see Clinical Studies ( 14.9 )]. 1.8 Plague Levofloxacin tablets are indicated for treatment of plague, including pneumonic and septicemic plague, due to Yersinia pestis ( Y. pestis ) and prophylaxis for plague in adults and pediatric patients, 6 months of age and older [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 )]. Efficacy studies of levofloxacin tablets could not be conducted in humans with plague for ethical and feasibility reasons. Therefore, approval of this indication was based on an efficacy study conducted in animals [see Clinical Studies ( 14.10)]. 1.9 Complicated Urinary Tract Infections: 5-day Treatment Regimen Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis [see Clinical Studies ( 14.7 )]. 1.10 Complicated Urinary Tract Infections: 10-day Treatment Regimen Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (mild to moderate) due to Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa [see Clinical Studies (14.8) ]. 1.11 Acute Pyelonephritis: 5 or 10-day Treatment Regimen Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, including cases with concurrent bacteremia [see Clinical Studies (14.7 , 14.8 )]. 1.12 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (mild to moderate) due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Because fluoroquinolones, including levofloxacin tablets, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 to 5.15 )] and for some patients uncomplicated urinary tract infection is self-limiting, reserve levofloxacin tablets for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in patients who have no alternative treatment options. 1.13 Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ABECB) due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis. Because fluoroquinolones, including levofloxacin tablets, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 to 5.15 )] and for some patients ABECB is self-limiting, reserve levofloxacin tablets for treatment of ABECB in patients who have no alternative treatment options. 1.14 Acute Bacterial Sinusitis: 5-day and 10 to 14 day Treatment Regimens Levofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis [see Clinical Studies ( 14.4)]. Because fluoroquinolones, including levofloxacin tablets, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 to 5.15 )] and for some patients ABS is self-limiting, reserve levofloxacin tablets for treatment of ABS in patients who have no alternative treatment options. 1.15 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of levofloxacin tablets and other antibacterial drugs, levofloxacin tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Culture and susceptibility testing Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing the infection and to determine their susceptibility to levofloxacin [see Microbiology ( 12.4)] . Therapy with levofloxacin tablets may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once results become available, appropriate therapy should be selected. As with other drugs in this class, some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may develop resistance fairly rapidly during treatment with levofloxacin tablets. Culture and susceptibility testing performed periodically during therapy will provide information about the continued susceptibility of the pathogens to the antimicrobial agent and also the possible emergence of bacterial resistance.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2a4e97e0-0709-411b-92e8-6f7d669412e4","document_date":"20260702","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0205","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"linagliptin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/linagliptin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1100699","display":"linagliptin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002110","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Linagliptin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Linagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λιναγλιπτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Линаглиптин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лінагліптин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Trajenta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tradjenta"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"linagliptin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Trajenta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002110","lang":"en","text":"Trajenta is indicated in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control in adults: as monotherapy  in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to intolerance, or contraindicated due to renal impairment.  as combination therapy  in combination with metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control. in combination with a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control. in combination with insulin with or without metformin, when this regimen alone, with diet and exercise, does not provide adequate glycaemic control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/trajenta","document_date":"25/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Trajenta — EPAR, 25/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tradjenta","product_id":"dfe327e8-f6ab-41e5-bdef-d520118cd83a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TRADJENTA is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus . TRADJENTA is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 1 ) Limitations of Use • Not recommended in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus as it would not be effective ( 1 ) • Has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis ( 1 ) Limitations of Use TRADJENTA is not recommended in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus as it would not be effective. TRADJENTA has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. It is unknown whether patients with a history of pancreatitis are at an increased risk for the development of pancreatitis while using TRADJENTA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dfe327e8-f6ab-41e5-bdef-d520118cd83a","document_date":"20250827","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0206","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"linzagolix","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/linzagolix","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005442","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Linzagolix","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Linzagoliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Linzagolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Linzagoliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λινζαγκολίξη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Линзаголикс","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лінзаголікс","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"linzagolix choline"},{"lang":"en","text":"Yselty"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0113","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Leiomyoma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"linzagolix","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Yselty","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005442","lang":"en","text":"Yselty is indicated in adult women of reproductive age for: -           treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids,-           symptomatic treatment of endometriosis in women with a history of previous medical or surgical treatment for their endometriosis (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/yselty","document_date":"21/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Yselty — EPAR, 21/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0207","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"liraglutide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/liraglutide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"475968","display":"liraglutide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001026","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003780","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006620","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006615","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Liraglutide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Liraglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λιραγλουτίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лираглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ліраглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リラグルチド","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"리라글루타이드","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"利拉鲁肽","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ليراغلوتايد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लिराग्लूटाइड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Victoza"},{"lang":"en","text":"Saxenda"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ablymico"},{"lang":"en","text":"Liraglutide STADA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"liraglutide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ablymico","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006620","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of weight management.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ablymico","document_date":"25/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ablymico — EPAR, 25/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Liraglutide STADA","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006615","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adults, adolescents and children aged 10 years and above with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to diet and exercise","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/liraglutide-stada","document_date":"25/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Liraglutide STADA — EPAR, 25/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Saxenda","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003780","lang":"en","text":"Saxenda is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management in adult patients with an initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of • ≥ 30 kg/m² (obese), or• ≥ 27 kg/m² to < 30 kg/m² (overweight) in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbidity such as dysglycaemia (pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus), hypertension, dyslipidaemia or obstructive sleep apnoea. Treatment with Saxenda should be discontinued after 12 weeks on the 3.0 mg/day dose if patients have not lost at least 5% of their initial body weight. Adolescents (≥12 years) Saxenda can be used as an adjunct to a healthy nutrition and increased physical activity for weight management in adolescent patients from the age of 12 years and above with:  obesity (BMI corresponding to ≥30 kg/m2 for adults by international cut-off points)* and body weight above 60 kg. Treatment with Saxenda should be discontinued and re-evaluated if patients have not lost at least 4% of their BMI or BMI z score after 12 weeks on the 3.0 mg/day or maximum tolerated dose.  *IOTF BMI cut-off points for obesity by sex between 12-18 years, in accordance with study design of the Trial 4180, see section 5.1. Children (6 to <12 years)Saxenda is indicated as an adjunct to healthy nutrition and increased physical activity for weight management in children from the age of 6 to <12 years with - obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile)* and- body weight ≥45 kgTreatment with Saxenda should be discontinued and re-evaluated if patients have not lost at least 4% of their BMI or BMI z score after 12 weeks on the 3.0 mg/day or maximum tolerated dose. *CDC BMI cut-off points for obesity (≥95th percentile) by sex between 6 to <12 years, in accordance with study design of the Trial 4392, see section 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/saxenda","document_date":"31/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Saxenda — EPAR, 31/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Victoza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001026","lang":"en","text":"Victoza is indicated for the treatment of adults, adolescents and children aged 10 years and above with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.  For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/victoza","document_date":"16/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Victoza — EPAR, 16/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Liraglutide","product_id":"0efc3a89-211a-4496-baab-e8265e07de2b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Liraglutide Injection is indicated: as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use : Liraglutide Injection contains liraglutide. Coadministration with other liraglutide-containing products is not recommended. Liraglutide Injection is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated: as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 1 ). Limitations of Use : Coadministration with other liraglutide-containing products is not recommended.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0efc3a89-211a-4496-baab-e8265e07de2b","document_date":"20260727","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0208","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lonoctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lonoctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004075","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lonoctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lonoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lonoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lonoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lonoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lonoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lonoctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lonoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lonoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lonoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lonoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lonoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λονοκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лоноктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лоноктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Afstyla"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lonoctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Afstyla","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004075","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency). Afstyla can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/afstyla","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Afstyla — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0209","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"loxapine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/loxapine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6475","display":"loxapine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002400","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Loxapine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Loxapină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Loxapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Loxapine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Loxapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Loxapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Loxapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Loksapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Loxapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Loxapín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Loxapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Loksapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοξαπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Локсапин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Локсапін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Adasuve"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"loxapine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Adasuve","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002400","lang":"en","text":"Adasuve is indicated for the rapid control of mild-to-moderate agitation in adult patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Patients should receive regular treatment immediately after control of acute agitation symptoms.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/adasuve","document_date":"09/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Adasuve — EPAR, 09/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Loxapine","product_id":"ce8c5a31-7600-4525-a0c7-b3adc9ec2977","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Loxapine capsules are indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. The efficacy of loxapine in schizophrenia was established in clinical studies which enrolled newly hospitalized and chronically hospitalized acutely ill schizophrenic patients as subjects.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ce8c5a31-7600-4525-a0c7-b3adc9ec2977","document_date":"20260903","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0210","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lurasidone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lurasidone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1040028","display":"lurasidone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002713","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lurasidone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lurazydon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Luraszidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lurasidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λουρασιδόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Луразидон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Луразидон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Latuda"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lurasidone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Latuda","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002713","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of schizophrenia in adults aged 18 years and over.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/latuda","document_date":"08/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Latuda — EPAR, 08/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0211","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"luspatercept","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/luspatercept","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2262544","display":"luspatercept"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004444","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Luspatercept","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Luspatercept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Luszpaterzept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Luspatersept","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λουσπατερσέπτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Луспатерцепт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Луспатерцепт","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Reblozyl"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0117","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myelodysplastic Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"luspatercept","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Reblozyl","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004444","lang":"en","text":"Reblozyl is indicated in adults for the treatment of transfusion-dependent anaemia due to very low, low and intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Reblozyl is indicated in adults for the treatment of anaemia associated with transfusion dependent and non transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia.  Reblozyl is indicated in adults for the treatment of transfusion-dependent anaemia due to very low, low and intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Reblozyl is indicated in adults for the treatment of anaemia associated with transfusion dependent and non transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia. ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/reblozyl","document_date":"24/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Reblozyl — EPAR, 24/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Reblozyl","product_id":"82f4d266-3f52-41eb-86ba-0abf3cf468e8","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE REBLOZYL is an erythroid maturation agent indicated for the treatment of: • Anemia in adult patients with beta thalassemia who require regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions ( 1.1 ). • Anemia without previous erythropoiesis stimulating agent use (ESA-naïve) in adult patients with very low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who may require regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions ( 1.2 ). • Anemia failing an erythropoiesis stimulating agent and requiring 2 or more RBC units over 8 weeks in adult patients with very low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) or with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) ( 1.3 ). • Limitations of Use: REBLOZYL is not indicated for use as a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia ( 1.4 ). 1.1 Beta Thalassemia REBLOZYL is indicated for the treatment of anemia in adult patients with beta thalassemia who require regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. 1.2 Myelodysplastic Syndromes Associated Anemia REBLOZYL is indicated for the treatment of anemia without previous erythropoiesis stimulating agent use (ESA-naïve) in adult patients with very low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who may require regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. 1.3 Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Ring Sideroblasts or Myelodysplastic/ Myeloproliferative Neoplasm with Ring Sideroblasts and Thrombocytosis Associated Anemia REBLOZYL is indicated for the treatment of anemia failing an erythropoiesis stimulating agent and requiring 2 or more red blood cell units over 8 weeks in adult patients with very low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) or with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T). 1.4 Limitations of Use REBLOZYL is not indicated for use as a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=82f4d266-3f52-41eb-86ba-0abf3cf468e8","document_date":"20260227","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0212","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lutropin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lutropin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"388084","display":"lutropin alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000292","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lutropin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lutropină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lutropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lutropine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lutropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lutropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lutropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lutropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lutropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lutropín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lutropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lutropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λουτροπίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лутропин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лутропін альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Luveris"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0420","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Infertility, Female — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lutropin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Luveris","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000292","lang":"en","text":"Luveris in association with a follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH) preparation is recommended for the stimulation of follicular development in women with severe luteinising-hormone (LH) and FSH deficiency. In clinical trials, these patients were defined by an endogenous serum LH level <1.2 IU/l.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/luveris","document_date":"22/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Luveris — EPAR, 22/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0213","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"mannitol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/mannitol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6628","display":"mannitol"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001252","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Mannitol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Manitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mannitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mannitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Manitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mannitolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Manitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mannitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mannitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Manitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mannit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mannitol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μαννιτόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Маннитол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Манітол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Bronchitol"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aridol Bronchial Challenge Test Kit"},{"lang":"en","text":"Osmitrol"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0159","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"mannitol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Bronchitol","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001252","lang":"en","text":"Bronchitol is indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in adults aged 18 years and above as an add-on therapy to best standard of care.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/bronchitol","document_date":"17/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Bronchitol — EPAR, 17/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Aridol Bronchial Challenge Test Kit","product_id":"5387a4fb-b894-4cba-88a3-a947217d34da","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ARIDOL is indicated for the assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adult and pediatric patients 6 years of age or older who do not have clinically apparent asthma. Limitations of Use: ARIDOL is not a standalone test or a screening test for asthma. Bronchial challenge testing with ARIDOL should be used only as part of a physician's overall assessment of asthma. ARIDOL is a sugar alcohol indicated for the assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adult and pediatric patients 6 years of age or older who do not have clinically apparent asthma. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: ARIDOL is not a standalone test or a screening test for asthma. Bronchial challenge testing with ARIDOL should be used only as part of a physician's overall assessment of asthma.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5387a4fb-b894-4cba-88a3-a947217d34da","document_date":"20260423","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0214","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"maraviroc","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/maraviroc","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"620216","display":"maraviroc"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000811","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Maraviroc","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Maraviroc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Maraviroc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maraviroc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Maraviroc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Maraviroc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Maraviroc","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Marawirok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Maravirok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Maravirok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Maravirok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Maravirok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μαραβιρόκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Маравирок","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Маравірок","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Celsentri"},{"lang":"en","text":"SELZENTRY"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"maraviroc","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Celsentri","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000811","lang":"en","text":"Celsentri, in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products, is indicated for treatment experienced adults, adolescents and children of 2 years of age and older and weighing at least 10 kg infected with only CCR5-tropic HIV-1 detectable","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/celsentri","document_date":"12/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Celsentri — EPAR, 12/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Maraviroc","product_id":"5c4a1da5-a8e1-4038-970d-fb15c189c35e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Maraviroc is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of only CCR5‑tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‑1) infection in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older weighing at least 10 kg. Limitations of Use Maraviroc is not recommended in patients with dual/mixed- or CXCR4-tropic HIV- 1 [see Microbiology (12.4) ] . Maraviroc is a CCR5 co-receptor antagonist indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of only CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older weighing at least 10 kg. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: • Not recommended in patients with dual/mixed- or CXCR4-tropic HIV-1. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5c4a1da5-a8e1-4038-970d-fb15c189c35e","document_date":"20260708","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0215","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"maribavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/maribavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2586068","display":"maribavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005787","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Maribavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Maribawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Maribavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μαριμπαβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Марибавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Марибавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Livtencity"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0039","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cytomegalovirus Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"maribavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Livtencity","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005787","lang":"en","text":"LIVTENCITY is indicated for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and/or disease that are refractory (with or without resistance) to one or more prior therapies, including ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet in adult patients who have undergone a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) or solid organ transplant (SOT). Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antiviral agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/livtencity","document_date":"11/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Livtencity — EPAR, 11/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Livtencity","product_id":"c94fc2c5-e840-4f18-b7d8-d5eacb26d3a0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE LIVTENCITY ® is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older and weighing at least 35 kg) with post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease that is refractory to treatment (with or without genotypic resistance) with ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Studies (14) ] . LIVTENCITY is a cytomegalovirus (CMV) pUL97 kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older and weighing at least 35 kg) with post-transplant CMV infection/disease that is refractory to treatment (with or without genotypic resistance) with ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet. ( 1 , 8.4 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c94fc2c5-e840-4f18-b7d8-d5eacb26d3a0","document_date":"20260127","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0216","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"marstacimab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/marstacimab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2697133","display":"marstacimab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006240","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Marstacimab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Marstacymab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Marstacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Marsztacimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Marstasimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μαρστασιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Марстацимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Марстацимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hympavzi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"marstacimab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Hympavzi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006240","lang":"en","text":"Hympavzi is indicated for routine prophylaxis of bleeding episodes in patients 12 years of age and older, weighing at least 35 kg, with:  Haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency)   without factor VIII inhibitors who have severe disease (FVIII < 1%)   with factor VIII inhibitors    Haemophilia B (congenital factor IX deficiency)   without factor IX inhibitors who have severe disease (FIX < 1%)   with factor IX inhibitors. ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/hympavzi","document_date":"16/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Hympavzi — EPAR, 16/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0217","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"melphalan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/melphalan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6718","display":"melphalan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005173","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Melphalan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Melfalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Melphalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Melphalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Melfalán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Melfalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Melfalano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Melfalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Melfalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Melfalán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Melfalán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Melfalan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μελφαλάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мелфалан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мелфалан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Phelinun"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0099","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"melphalan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Phelinun","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005173","lang":"en","text":"High-dose of Phelinun used alone or in combination with other cytotoxic medicinal products and/or total body irradiation is indicated in the treatment of:  multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, childhood neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, mammary adenocarcinoma.  Phelinun in combination with other cytotoxic medicinal products is indicated as reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) treatment prior to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in malignant haematological diseases in adults. Phelinun in combination with other cytotoxic medicinal products is indicated as conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in haematological diseases in the paediatric population as:  Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) treatment in case of malignant haematological diseases RIC treatment in case of non-malignant haematological diseases.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/phelinun","document_date":"18/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Phelinun — EPAR, 18/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0218","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"memantine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/memantine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6719","display":"memantine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000463","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000378","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002711","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002660","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002680","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002658","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002671","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002766","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Memantine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Memantină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Memantin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mémantine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Memantina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Memantina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Memantina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Memantyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Memantin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Memantín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Memantin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Memantin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεμαντίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мемантин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мемантин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"メマンチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"메만틴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"美金刚","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ميمانتين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेमेंटाइन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"memantine hydrochloride"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ebixa"},{"lang":"en","text":"Axura"},{"lang":"en","text":"Memantine Merz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Memantine Mylan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nemdatine"},{"lang":"en","text":"Marixino (previously Maruxa)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Memantine ratiopharm"},{"lang":"en","text":"Memantine Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0206","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"memantine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Axura","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000378","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/axura","document_date":"20/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Axura — EPAR, 20/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Ebixa","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000463","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ebixa","document_date":"08/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ebixa — EPAR, 08/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Memantine Merz","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002711","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/memantine-merz","document_date":"20/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Memantine Merz — EPAR, 20/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"memantine hydrochloride","product_id":"f73e0df0-4af4-42f1-bde6-3cccb47ca378","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Memantine hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Memantine hydrochloride tablets are an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f73e0df0-4af4-42f1-bde6-3cccb47ca378","document_date":"20251220","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0219","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"mepolizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/mepolizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1720597","display":"mepolizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003860","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mépolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mepolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεπολιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Меполизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Меполізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Nucala"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"mepolizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Nucala","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003860","lang":"en","text":"Severe eosinophilic asthma  Nucala is indicated as an add-on treatment for severe refractory eosinophilic asthma in adults, adolescents and children aged 6 years and older .  Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)  Nucala is indicated as an add-on therapy with intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of adult patients with severe CRSwNP for whom therapy with systemic corticosteroids and/or surgery do not provide adequate control.  Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)  Nucala is indicated as an add-on treatment for patients aged 6 years and older with relapsing-remitting or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).  Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)  Nucala is indicated as an add-on treatment for adult patients with inadequately controlled hypereosinophilic syndrome without an identifiable non-haematologic secondary cause.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nucala","document_date":"18/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Nucala — EPAR, 18/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Nucala","product_id":"fefb887c-e4ac-431e-8893-e9d1a5a63fea","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE NUCALA is an interleukin-5 (IL-5) antagonist monoclonal antibody (IgG1 kappa) indicated for: • Add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with severe asthma and with an eosinophilic phenotype. ( 1.1 ) • Add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients aged 18 years and older with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). ( 1.2 ) • Add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. ( 1.3 ) • The treatment of adult patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). ( 1.4 ) • The treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) for greater than or equal to 6 months without an identifiable non-hematologic secondary cause. ( 1.5 ) Limitations of use: Not for relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. ( 1.1 , 1.3 ) 1.1 Maintenance Treatment of Severe Asthma NUCALA is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with severe asthma and with an eosinophilic phenotype [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 ), Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . Limitations of Use NUCALA is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . 1.2 Maintenance Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps NUCALA is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in adult patients aged 18 years and older with inadequate response to nasal corticosteroids. 1.3 Maintenance Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease NUCALA is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use NUCALA is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. 1.4 Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis NUCALA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). 1.5 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome NUCALA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) for greater than or equal to 6 months without an identifiable non-hematologic secondary cause.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fefb887c-e4ac-431e-8893-e9d1a5a63fea","document_date":"20250806","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0220","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"mercaptopurine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/mercaptopurine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"103","display":"mercaptopurine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002022","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Mercaptopurine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mercaptopurină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mercaptopurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mercaptopurine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mercaptopurina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mercaptopurina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mercaptopurina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Merkaptopuryna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Merkaptopurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Merkaptopurín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Merkaptopurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Merkaptopürin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μερκαπτοπουρίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Меркаптопурин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Меркаптопурин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xaluprine (previously Mercaptopurine Nova Laboratories)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0100","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Leukemia, Lymphoid — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"mercaptopurine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xaluprine (previously Mercaptopurine Nova Laboratories)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002022","lang":"en","text":"Xaluprine is indicated for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in adults, adolescents and children.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xaluprine","document_date":"25/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xaluprine (previously Mercaptopurine Nova Laboratories) — EPAR, 25/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"MERCAPTOPURINE","product_id":"0a366cf3-91f0-4aa4-8f34-a7a27cad8f15","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Mercaptopurine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen. ( 1.1 ) 1.1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mercaptopurine is indicated for the treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0a366cf3-91f0-4aa4-8f34-a7a27cad8f15","document_date":"20260722","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0221","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"methotrexate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/methotrexate","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6851","display":"methotrexate"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003983","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003756","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Methotrexate","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Metotrexat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Methotrexat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Méthotrexate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Metotrexato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metotrexato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Metotrexato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Metotreksat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Methotrexát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metotrexát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metotrexát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metotreksat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεθοτρεξάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метотрексат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метотрексат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"メトトレキサート","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"메토트렉세이트","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"甲氨蝶呤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ميثوتريكسات","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेथोट्रेक्सेट","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Nordimet"},{"lang":"en","text":"Jylamvo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"methotrexate","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jylamvo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003756","lang":"en","text":"In rheumatological and dermatological diseases  Active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients. Polyarthritic forms of active, severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in adolescents and children aged 3 years and over when the response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been inadequate. Severe, treatment-refractory, disabling psoriasis which does not respond sufficiently to other forms of treatment such as phototherapy, psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) therapy and retinoids, and severe psoriatic arthritis in adult patients.  In oncology  Maintenance treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in adults, adolescents and children aged 3 years and over.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jylamvo","document_date":"07/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jylamvo — EPAR, 07/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Nordimet","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003983","lang":"en","text":"Nordimet is indicated for the treatment of:  active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients, polyarthritic forms of severe, active juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), when the response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been inadequate, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy, and severe psoriatic arthritis in adult patients,  induction of remission in moderate steroid-dependent Crohn's disease in adult patients, in combination with corticosteroids and for maintenance of remission, as monotherapy, in patients who have responded to methotrexate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nordimet","document_date":"07/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Nordimet — EPAR, 07/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Methotrexate","product_id":"22e10810-16fb-4c84-bccf-972405b77ef8","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Methotrexate tablets are a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor indicated for the: Treatment of adults and pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with mycosis fungoides ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma as part of a metronomic combination regimen ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with rheumatoid arthritis ( 1.2 ) Treatment of pediatric patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) ( 1.3 ) Treatment of adults with severe psoriasis ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Neoplastic Diseases Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the: treatment of adults and pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen treatment of adults with mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) as a single agent or as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphomas as part of a metronomic combination chemotherapy regimen 1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the treatment of adults with rheumatoid arthritis. 1.3 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA). 1.4 Psoriasis Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the treatment of adults with severe psoriasis.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=22e10810-16fb-4c84-bccf-972405b77ef8","document_date":"20260827","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0222","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"methoxy-polyethylene-glycol-epoetin-beta","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/methoxy-polyethylene-glycol-epoetin-beta","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"729596","display":"methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000739","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Metoxi polietilenglicol-epoetină beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Methoxy-Polyethylenglycol-Epoetin beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Méthoxy polyéthylène glycol-époétine bêta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Metoxi polietilenglicol-epoetina beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metossipolietilenglicole-epoetina beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Metoxipolietilenoglicol-epoetina beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Glikol metoksypolietylenowy epoetyny beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Methoxypolyethylenglykol-epoetin beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metoxypolyetylénglykol-epoetín beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metoxi-polietilénglikol-epoetin béta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metoksi polietilen glikol-epoetin beta","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεθοξυπολυαιθυλενογλυκόλη-εποετίνη βήτα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метоксиполиэтиленгликоль-эпоэтин бета","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метоксиполіетиленгліколь-епоетин бета","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Mircera"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mircera","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000739","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients (see section 5.1). Treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in paediatric patients from 3 months to less than 18 years of age who are converting from another erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) after their haemoglobin level was stabilised with the previous ESA (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mircera","document_date":"09/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mircera — EPAR, 09/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Mircera","product_id":"22c56f2a-f73c-60e7-e054-00144ff88e88","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Mircera is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) indicated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in: • adult patients on dialysis and adult patients not on dialysis ( 1.1 ). • pediatric patients 3 months to 17 years of age on dialysis or not on dialysis who are converting from another ESA after their hemoglobin level was stabilized with an ESA ( 1.1 ). Limitations of Use Mircera is not indicated and is not recommended for use: • In the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy ( 5.2 ). • As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia ( 12.2 ). Mircera has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being. 1.1 Anemia Due to Chronic Kidney Disease Mircera is indicated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in: • adult patients on dialysis and adult patients not on dialysis. • pediatric patients 3 months to 17 years of age on dialysis or not on dialysis who are converting from another ESA after their hemoglobin level was stabilized with an ESA. Limitations of Use Mircera is not indicated and is not recommended: • In the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . • As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] . Mircera has not been shown to improve symptoms, physical functioning, or health-related quality of life.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=22c56f2a-f73c-60e7-e054-00144ff88e88","document_date":"20260814","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0223","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"methylnaltrexone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/methylnaltrexone","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000870","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Methylnaltrexone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Metilnaltrexonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Methylnaltrexon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Méthylnaltrexone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Metilnaltrexona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metilnaltrexone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Metilnaltrexona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Metylonaltrekson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Methylnaltrexon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metylnaltrexón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metilnaltrexon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metilnaltrekson","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεθυλναλτρεξόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метилналтрексон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метилналтрексон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"methylnaltrexone bromide"},{"lang":"en","text":"Relistor"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"methylnaltrexone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Relistor","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000870","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of opioid-induced constipation in advanced-illness patients who are receiving palliative care when response to usual laxative therapy has not been sufficient.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/relistor","document_date":"24/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Relistor — EPAR, 24/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Relistor","product_id":"c488fb7c-0a5b-487c-b452-996809d1cb99","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE • RELISTOR is an opioid antagonist. RELISTOR tablets and RELISTOR injection are indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adults with chronic non-cancer pain, including patients with chronic pain related to prior cancer or its treatment who do not require frequent (e.g., weekly) opioid dosage escalation. ( 1.1 ) • RELISTOR injection is indicated for the treatment of OIC in adults with advanced illness or pain caused by active cancer who require opioid dosage escalation for palliative care. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Opioid-Induced Constipation in Adult Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain RELISTOR tablets and RELISTOR injection are indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain, including patients with chronic pain related to prior cancer or its treatment who do not require frequent (e.g., weekly) opioid dosage escalation. 1.2 Opioid-Induced Constipation in Adult Patients with Advanced Illness RELISTOR injection is indicated for the treatment of OIC in adult patients with advanced illness or pain caused by active cancer who require opioid dosage escalation for palliative care.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c488fb7c-0a5b-487c-b452-996809d1cb99","document_date":"20240501","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0224","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"methylphenidate","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/methylphenidate","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005975","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Methylphenidate","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Metilfenidat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Methylphenidat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Méthylphénidate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Metilfenidato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metilfenidato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Metilfenidato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Metylofenidat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Methylfenidát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metylfenidát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metilfenidát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metilfenidat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μεθυλφαινιδάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метилфенидат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метилфенідат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"methylphenidate hydrochloride"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tuzulby"},{"lang":"en","text":"CONCERTA"},{"lang":"en","text":"METADATE CD"},{"lang":"en","text":"RELEXXII"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0194","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"methylphenidate","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tuzulby","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005975","lang":"en","text":"Tuzulby is indicated as part of a comprehensive treatment programme for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 6-17 years old when remedial measures alone prove insufficient. Treatment must be under the supervision of a specialist in childhood behavioural disorders. Diagnosis should be made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria or the guidelines in International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and should be based on a complete history and evaluation of the patient. Diagnosis cannot be made solely on the presence of one or more symptoms.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tuzulby","document_date":"14/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tuzulby — EPAR, 14/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"METHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE","product_id":"45d33807-88b2-4b42-9c86-e5b05d7adec1","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older are indicated for the treatment of: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Narcolepsy Limitations of Use The use of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets are not recommended in pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age because they had higher plasma exposure and a higher incidence of adverse reactions (e.g., weight loss) than patients 6 years and older at the same dosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ] . Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablet is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older ( 1 ): • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and • Narcolepsy. Limitations of Use The use of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets are not recommended in pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age because they had higher plasma exposure and a higher incidence of adverse reactions (e.g., weight loss) than patients 6 years and older at the same dosage ( 5.7 , 8.4 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=45d33807-88b2-4b42-9c86-e5b05d7adec1","document_date":"20260818","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0225","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"methylthioninium-chloride","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/methylthioninium-chloride","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6878","display":"methylene blue"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002108","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002776","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Methylthioninium chloride","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Clorură de metiltioniniu (albastru de metilen)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Methylthioniniumchlorid (Methylenblau)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Chlorure de méthylthioninium (bleu de méthylène)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cloruro de metiltioninio (azul de metileno)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metiltioninio cloruro (blu di metilene)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cloreto de metiltionínio (azul de metileno)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Chlorek metylotioniny (błękit metylenowy)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Methylthioninium-chlorid (methylenová modř)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metyltionínium-chlorid (metylénová modrá)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metiltioninium-klorid (metilénkék)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metiltiyoninyum klorür (metilen mavisi)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Χλωριούχο μεθυλθειονίνιο (κυανούν του μεθυλενίου)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метилтиониния хлорид (метиленовый синий)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метилтіонінію хлорид (метиленовий синій)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Methylthioninium chloride Proveblue"},{"lang":"en","text":"Lumeblue (previously Methylthioninium chloride Cosmo)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"methylthioninium chloride","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lumeblue (previously Methylthioninium chloride Cosmo)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002776","lang":"en","text":"Lumeblue is indicated as a diagnostic agent enhancing visualisation of colorectal lesions in adult patients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lumeblue","document_date":"17/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lumeblue (previously Methylthioninium chloride Cosmo) — EPAR, 17/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Methylthioninium chloride Proveblue","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002108","lang":"en","text":"Acute symptomatic treatment of medicinal and chemical products- induced methaemoglobinaemia. Methylthioninium chloride Proveblue is indicated in adults, children and adolescents (aged 0 to 17 years old).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/methylthioninium-chloride-proveblue","document_date":"19/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Methylthioninium chloride Proveblue — EPAR, 19/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0226","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"micafungin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/micafungin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"325887","display":"micafungin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000734","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Micafungin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Micafungină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Micafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Micafungine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Micafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Micafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Micafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mikafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mikafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mikafungín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mikafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mikafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μικαφουγκίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Микафунгин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мікафунгін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Mycamine"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0043","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"micafungin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mycamine","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000734","lang":"en","text":"Mycamine is indicated for: Adults, adolescents ≥ 16 years of age and elderly  treatment of invasive candidiasis; treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in patients for whom intravenous therapy is appropriate; prophylaxis of Candida infection in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation or patients who are expected to have neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 500 cells/µl) for 10 or more days.  Children (including neonates) and adolescents < 16 years of age  treatment of invasive candidiasis. prophylaxis of Candida infection in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation or patients who are expected to have neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 500 cells/µl) for 10 or more days.  The decision to use Mycamine should take into account a potential risk for the development of liver tumours. Mycamine should therefore only be used if other antifungals are not appropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mycamine","document_date":"13/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mycamine — EPAR, 13/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Micafungin","product_id":"230fcff4-ad4b-ea25-e063-6394a90a1fab","lang":"en","text":"Micafungin for Injection is indicated for: Treatment of Candidemia, Acute Disseminated Candidiasis, Candida Peritonitis and Abscesses in adult and pediatric patients 4 months of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . Treatment of Candidemia, Acute Disseminated Candidiasis, Candida Peritonitis and Abscesses without meningoencephalitis and/or ocular dissemination in pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis in adult and pediatric patients 4 months of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.2)] . Prophylaxis of Candida Infections in adult and pediatric patients 4 months of age and older undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [see Clinical Studies (14.3)] . Limitations of Use The safety and effectiveness of Micafungin for Injection have not been established for the treatment of candidemia with meningoencephalitis and/or ocular dissemination in pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age as a higher dose may be needed [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . Micafungin for Injection has not been adequately studied in patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis and meningoencephalitis due to Candida . The efficacy of Micafungin for Injection against infections caused by fungi other than Candida has not been established. Micafungin for Injection is an echinocandin indicated in adult and pediatric patients for (1): Treatment of Candidemia, Acute Disseminated Candidiasis, Candida Peritonitis and Abscesses in adult and pediatric patients 4 months of age and older. Treatment of Candidemia, Acute Disseminated Candidiasis, Candida Peritonitis and Abscesses without meningoencephalitis and/or ocular dissemination in pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age. Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis in adult and pediatric patients 4 months of age and older. Prophylaxis of Candida Infections in adult and pediatric patients 4 months of age and older undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Limitations of Use The safety and effectiveness of Micafungin for Injection have not been established for the treatment of candidemia with meningoencephalitis and/or ocular dissemination in pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age as a higher dose may be needed. (1, 2.3, 8.4) Micafungin for Injection has not been adequately studied in patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis or meningoencephalitis due to Candida . (1) The efficacy of Micafungin for Injection against infections caused by fungi other than Candida has not been established. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=230fcff4-ad4b-ea25-e063-6394a90a1fab","document_date":"20260414","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0227","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"midazolam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/midazolam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6960","display":"midazolam"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002267","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Midazolam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Midazolám","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Midazolam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μιδαζολάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мидазолам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мідазолам","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Buccolam"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nayzilam"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"midazolam","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Buccolam","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002267","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of prolonged, acute, convulsive seizures in infants from 3 months to adults.BUCCOLAM must only be used by parents/carers where the patient has been diagnosed to have epilepsy.For infants between 3-6 months of age treatment should be in a hospital setting where monitoring is possible and resuscitation equipment is available. See section 4.2.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/buccolam","document_date":"13/11/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Buccolam — EPAR, 13/11/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Midazolam","product_id":"f0c8b6cd-9efc-4344-9212-fbdd3b8e2f9b","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Midazolam Injection is indicated: intramuscularly or intravenously for preoperative sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia; intravenously as an agent for sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia prior to or during diagnostic, therapeutic or endoscopic procedures, such as bronchoscopy, gastroscopy, cystoscopy, coronary angiography, cardiac catheterization, oncology procedures, radiologic procedures, suture of lacerations and other procedures either alone or in combination with other CNS depressants; intravenously for induction of general anesthesia, before administration of other anesthetic agents. With the use of narcotic premedication, induction of anesthesia can be attained within a relatively narrow dose range and in a short period of time. Intravenous midazolam can also be used as a component of intravenous supplementation of nitrous oxide and oxygen (balanced anesthesia); continuous intravenous infusion for sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients as a component of anesthesia or during treatment in a critical care setting.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f0c8b6cd-9efc-4344-9212-fbdd3b8e2f9b","document_date":"20260619","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0228","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"midostaurin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/midostaurin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1919083","display":"midostaurin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004095","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Midostaurin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Midostauryna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Midosztaurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Midostaurin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μιδοσταυρίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мидостаурин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мідостаурин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rydapt"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"midostaurin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rydapt","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004095","lang":"en","text":"Rydapt is indicated:  in combination with standard daunorubicin and cytarabine induction and high dose cytarabine consolidation chemotherapy, and for patients in complete response followed by Rydapt single agent maintenance therapy, for adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are FLT3 mutation positive (see section 4.2); as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM), systemic mastocytosis with associated haematological neoplasm (SM AHN), or mast cell leukaemia (MCL).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rydapt","document_date":"14/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rydapt — EPAR, 14/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0229","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"mirikizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/mirikizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2668384","display":"mirikizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005122","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Miriquizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mirikizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μιρικιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мирикизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мірикізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Omvoh"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"mirikizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Omvoh","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005122","lang":"en","text":"Omvoh is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/omvoh","document_date":"01/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Omvoh — EPAR, 01/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0230","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"mirvetuximab-soravtansine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/mirvetuximab-soravtansine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2621548","display":"mirvetuximab soravtansine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005036","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtansine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtansină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab Soravtansin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Mirvétuximab soravtansine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtansina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtansina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtansina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Mirwetuksymab sorawtanzyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtansin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab soravtanzín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuximab-szoravtanzin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Mirvetuksimab soravtansin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μιρβετουξιμάμπη σοραβτανσίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мирветуксимаб соравтанзин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мірветуксимаб соравтанзин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Elahere"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"mirvetuximab soravtansine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Elahere","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005036","lang":"en","text":"Elahere as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with folate receptor-alpha (FRα) positive, platinum-resistant high grade serous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have received one to three prior systemic treatment regimens.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/elahere","document_date":"21/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Elahere — EPAR, 21/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ELAHERE","product_id":"00c424b5-6ccd-48ab-9e88-1986451120e2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ELAHERE ® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with folate receptor-alpha (FRα) positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have received one to three prior systemic treatment regimens. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )]. ELAHERE is a folate receptor alpha (FRα)-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate indicated for the treatment of adult patients with FRα positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have received one to three prior systemic treatment regimens. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved test. ( 1 , 2.1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=00c424b5-6ccd-48ab-9e88-1986451120e2","document_date":"20250714","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0231","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"moroctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/moroctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000232","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Moroctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Moroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Moroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Moroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Moroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Moroctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Moroctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Moroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Moroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Moroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Moroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Moroktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μοροκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Мороктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Мороктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ReFacto AF"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"moroctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"ReFacto AF","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000232","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor-VIII deficiency). ReFacto AF is appropriate for use in adults and children of all ages, including newborns. ReFacto AF does not contain von-Willebrand factor, and hence is not indicated in von-Willebrand's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/refacto-af","document_date":"05/03/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), ReFacto AF — EPAR, 05/03/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0232","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"naloxegol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/naloxegol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1551777","display":"naloxegol"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002810","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Naloxegol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Naloxégol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Naloksegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Naloxegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Naloksegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ναλοξεγκόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Налоксегол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Налоксегол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Moventig"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"naloxegol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Moventig","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002810","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to laxative(s).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/moventig","document_date":"10/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Moventig — EPAR, 10/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0233","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"natalizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/natalizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"354770","display":"natalizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000603","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005752","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Natalizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Natalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ναταλιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Натализумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Наталізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tysabri"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tyruko"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"natalizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tysabri","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000603","lang":"en","text":"Tysabri is indicated as single disease modifying therapy in adults with highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis for the following patient groups:  Patients with highly active disease activity despite a full and adequate course of treatment with at least one disease modifying therapy (DMT) (for exceptions and information about washout periods see sections 4.4 and 5.1) or  Patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis defined by 2 or more disabling relapses in one year, and with 1 or more Gadolinium enhancing lesions on brain MRI or a significant increase in T2 lesion load as compared to a previous recent MRI.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tysabri","document_date":"06/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tysabri — EPAR, 06/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0234","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"neratinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/neratinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1940643","display":"neratinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004030","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Neratinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nératinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Neratynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Neratinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νερατινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нератиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нератиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Nerlynx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"neratinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Nerlynx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004030","lang":"en","text":"Nerlynx is indicated for the extended adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early stage hormone receptor positive HER2-overexpressed/amplified breast cancer and who are less than one year from the completion of prior adjuvant trastuzumab based therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nerlynx","document_date":"23/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Nerlynx — EPAR, 23/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Nerlynx","product_id":"d1e41dcf-e82a-47c2-a0ad-6c6eef621834","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE NERLYNX is a kinase inhibitor indicated: As a single agent, for the extended adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, to follow adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy. ( 1.1 ) In combination with capecitabine, for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 based regimens in the metastatic setting. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Extended Adjuvant Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer NERLYNX as a single agent is indicated for the extended adjuvant treatment of adult patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, to follow adjuvant trastuzumab based therapy [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . 1.2 Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer NERLYNX in combination with capecitabine is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2 based regimens in the metastatic setting [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d1e41dcf-e82a-47c2-a0ad-6c6eef621834","document_date":"20260702","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0235","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"nevirapine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/nevirapine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"53654","display":"nevirapine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000183","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nevirapine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Névirapine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Newirapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nevirapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νεβιραπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Невирапин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Невірапін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Viramune"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"nevirapine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Viramune","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000183","lang":"en","text":"Viramune 50 mg/5 mL oral suspension and 200 mg tablets Viramune is indicated in combination with other anti-retroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV-1 infected adults, adolescents, and children of any age.Most of the experience with Viramune is in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The choice of a subsequent therapy after Viramune should be based on clinical experience and resistance testing. Viramune 400 mg prolonged-release tablets Viramune is indicated in combination with other anti-retroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV-1 infected adults, adolescents, and children three years and above and able to swallow tablets (see section 4.2). Prolonged-release tablets are not suitable for the 14-day lead-in phase for patients starting nevirapine. Other nevirapine formulations, such as immediate-release tablets or oral suspension should be used (see section 4.2). Most of the experience with Viramune is in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The choice of a subsequent therapy after Viramune should be based on clinical experience and resistance testing (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/viramune","document_date":"07/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Viramune — EPAR, 07/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Nevirapine","product_id":"c6e93829-7024-48f6-8023-da6ff27dfc0a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Nevirapine is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in adults and pediatric patients 15 days and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1 , 14.2) ]. Limitations of Use: Based on serious and life-threatening hepatotoxicity observed in controlled and uncontrolled trials, nevirapine is not recommended to be initiated, unless the benefit outweighs the risk, in: • adult females with CD4 + cell counts greater than 250 cells/mm 3 or • adult males with CD4 + cell counts greater than 400 cells/mm 3 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . • Nevirapine is an NNRTI indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in adults and pediatric patients 15 days and older. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Based on serious and life-threatening hepatotoxicity observed in controlled and uncontrolled trials, nevirapine is not recommended to be initiated, unless the benefit outweighs the risk, in: • adult females with CD4 + cell counts greater than 250 cells/mm 3 • adult males with CD4 + cell counts greater than 400 cells/mm 3 ( 1 , 5.1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c6e93829-7024-48f6-8023-da6ff27dfc0a","document_date":"20260715","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0236","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"nintedanib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/nintedanib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1592737","display":"nintedanib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002569","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003821","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006179","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006486","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nintedanib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nintédanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nintedanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νιντεντανίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нинтеданиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нінтеданіб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vargatef"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ofev"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nintedanib Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nintedanib Viatris"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nintedanib Capsules, 100 mg and 150 mg"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0386","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Scleroderma, Systemic — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"nintedanib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ofev","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003821","lang":"en","text":"Ofev is indicated in adults for the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ofev","document_date":"12/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ofev — EPAR, 12/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vargatef","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002569","lang":"en","text":"Vargatef is indicated in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced, metastatic or locally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of adenocarcinoma tumour histology after first line chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vargatef","document_date":"10/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vargatef — EPAR, 10/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Nintedanib","product_id":"4ecf7f05-4a95-b98c-e063-6394a90ab896","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Nintedanib Capsules is a kinase inhibitor indicated in adults for: Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ( 1.1 ) Treatment of chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with a progressive phenotype ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Nintedanib Capsules is indicated for the treatment of adults with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). 1.2 Chronic Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases with a Progressive Phenotype Nintedanib Capsules is indicated for the treatment of adults with chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) with a progressive phenotype [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4ecf7f05-4a95-b98c-e063-6394a90ab896","document_date":"20260730","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0237","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"nipocalimab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/nipocalimab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2712693","display":"nipocalimab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006379","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Nipocalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nipokalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nipokalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nipokalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nipokalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nipokalimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νιποκαλιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нипокалимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ніпокалімаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Imaavy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0212","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"nipocalimab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Imaavy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006379","lang":"en","text":"Imaavy is indicated as an add-on to standard therapy for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult and adolescent patients aged 12 years of age and older who are anti‑acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody positive.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/imaavy","document_date":"21/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Imaavy — EPAR, 21/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0238","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"niraparib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/niraparib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1918231","display":"niraparib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004249","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Niraparib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niraparyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Niraparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νιραπαρίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нирапариб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нірапариб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zejula"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"niraparib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zejula","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004249","lang":"en","text":"Zejula is indicated:  as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced epithelial (FIGO Stages III and IV) high-grade ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) following completion of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with platinum sensitive relapsed high grade serous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) to platinum based chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zejula","document_date":"10/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zejula — EPAR, 10/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ZEJULA","product_id":"b7f675e2-159c-490c-b6f4-3f16d9492b7d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ZEJULA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated: • for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and whose cancer is associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive status defined by either: o a deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA mutation, and/or o genomic instability. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA‑authorized companion diagnostic for ZEJULA. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) • for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA‑authorized companion diagnostic for ZEJULA. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) 1.1 First-Line Maintenance Treatment of HRD-Positive Advanced Ovarian Cancer ZEJULA is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and whose cancer is associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive status defined by either: • a deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA mutation, and/or • genomic instability. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA ‑ authorized companion diagnostic for ZEJULA [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] . 1.2 Maintenance Treatment of Recurrent Germline BRCA -Mutated Ovarian Cancer ZEJULA is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated (g BRCA mut) recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA‑authorized companion diagnostic for ZEJULA [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b7f675e2-159c-490c-b6f4-3f16d9492b7d","document_date":"20260728","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0239","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"nitric-oxide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/nitric-oxide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"7442","display":"nitric oxide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000337","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nitric oxide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Oxid nitric","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Stickstoffmonoxid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Monoxyde d'azote","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Óxido nítrico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ossido nitrico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Óxido nítrico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tlenek azotu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Oxid dusnatý","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Oxid dusnatý","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nitrogén-monoxid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nitrik oksit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μονοξείδιο του αζώτου","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Оксид азота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Оксид азоту","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"INOmax"},{"lang":"en","text":"GENOSYL"},{"lang":"en","text":"Noxivent"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"nitric oxide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"INOmax","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000337","lang":"en","text":"INOmax, in conjunction with ventilatory support and other appropriate active substances, is indicated:  for the treatment of newborn infants ?34 weeks gestation with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with clinical or echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension, in order to improve oxygenation and to reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; as part of the treatment of peri- and post-operative pulmonary hypertension in adults and newborn infants, infants and toddlers, children and adolescents, ages 0-17 years in conjunction to heart surgery, in order to selectively decrease pulmonary arterial pressure and improve right ventricular function and oxygenation.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/inomax","document_date":"29/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), INOmax — EPAR, 29/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Noxivent","product_id":"4ff98b29-bcd3-82eb-e063-6394a90abf8c","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Noxivent ™ is a vasodilator indicated to improve oxygenation and reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in term and near-term (>34 weeks gestation) neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with clinical or echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension in conjunction with ventilatory support and other appropriate agents.\n1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE Noxivent™ is indicated to improve oxygenation and reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in term and near-term (>34 weeks gestation) neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with clinical or echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension in conjunction with ventilatory support and other appropriate agents.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4ff98b29-bcd3-82eb-e063-6394a90abf8c","document_date":"20260420","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0240","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"nivolumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/nivolumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1597876","display":"nivolumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003985","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nivolumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Niwolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nivolumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νιβολουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ниволумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ніволумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ニボルマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"니볼루맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"纳武利尤单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"نيفولوماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"निवोलुमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Opdivo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0099","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"nivolumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Opdivo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003985","lang":"en","text":"Melanoma  Opdivo as monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older.Relative to nivolumab monotherapy, an increase in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the combination of nivolumab with ipilimumab is established only in patients with low tumour PD-L1 expression (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).  Adjuvant treatment of melanoma  Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with Stage IIB or IIC melanoma, or melanoma with involvement of lymph nodes or metastatic disease who have undergone complete resection (see section 5.1).  Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)  Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab and 2 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in adults whose tumours have no sensitising EGFR mutation or ALK translocation. Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after prior chemotherapy in adults.  Neoadjuvant treatment of NSCLC  Opdivo in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy is indicated for the neoadjuvant treatment of resectable non-small cell lung cancer at high risk of recurrence in adult patients whose tumours have PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% (see section 5.1 for selection criteria).  Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of NSCLC  Opdivo, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, followed by OPDIVO as monotherapy as adjuvant treatment, is indicated for the treatment of resectable non-small cell lung cancer at high risk of recurrence in adult patients whose tumours have PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% (see section 5.1 for selection criteria).  Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)  Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma.  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)  Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma after prior therapy in adults. Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with intermediate/poor-risk advanced renal cell carcinoma (see section 5.1). Opdivo in combination with cabozantinib is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (see section 5.1).  Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL)  Opdivo in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (AVD) is indicated for adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with previously untreated Stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and treatment with brentuximab vedotin. Opdivo in combination with brentuximab vedotin is indicated for the treatment of children 5 years of age and older, adolescents and adults up to 30 years of age with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma after one prior line of therapy (see section 5.1).  Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN)  Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck in adults progressing on or after platinum-based therapy (see section 5.1).  Urothelial carcinoma  Opdivo in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults after failure of prior platinum-containing therapy.  Adjuvant treatment of urothelial carcinoma  Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults with muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) with tumour cell PD-L1 expression ≥ 1%, who are at high risk of recurrence after undergoing radical resection of MIUC (see section 5.1).  Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC)  Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mismatch repair deficient or microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer in the following settings:- first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer;- treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer after prior fluoropyrimidine-based combination chemotherapy (see section 5.1).  Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)  Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumour cell PD-L1 expression ≥ 1%. Opdivo in combination with fluoropyrimidine‑ and platinum‑based combination chemotherapy is indicated for the first‑line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumour cell PD‑L1 expression ≥ 1%. Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma after prior fluoropyrimidine‑ and platinum‑based combination chemotherapy.  Adjuvant treatment of oesophageal or gastro‑oesophageal junction cancer (OC or GEJC)  Opdivo as monotherapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with oesophageal or gastro‑oesophageal junction cancer who have residual pathologic disease following prior neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (see section 5.1).  Gastric, gastro‑oesophageal junction (GEJ) or oesophageal adenocarcinoma  Opdivo in combination with fluoropyrimidine‑ and platinum‑based combination chemotherapy is indicated for the first‑line treatment of adult patients with HER2‑negative advanced or metastatic gastric, gastro‑oesophageal junction or oesophageal adenocarcinoma whose tumours express PD‑L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 5.  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)  Opdivo in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for the first‑line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/opdivo","document_date":"19/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Opdivo — EPAR, 19/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"OPDIVO","product_id":"f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE OPDIVO is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody indicated for the treatment of: Melanoma • adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, as a single agent or in combination with ipilimumab. (1.1) • for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with completely resected Stage IIB, Stage IIC, Stage III, or Stage IV melanoma. (1.2) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) • adult patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) non-small cell lung cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, in combination with platinum-doublet chemotherapy. (1.3) • adult patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) non-small cell lung cancer and no known EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements, for neoadjuvant treatment, in combination with platinum-doublet chemotherapy, followed by single-agent OPDIVO as adjuvant treatment after surgery. (1.4) • adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer expressing PD‑L1 (≥1%) as determined by an FDA-authorized test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, as first-line treatment in combination with ipilimumab. (1.5) • adult patients with metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations as first-line treatment, in combination with ipilimumab and 2 cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy. (1.5) • adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving OPDIVO. (1.5) Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma • adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, as first-line treatment in combination with ipilimumab. (1.6) Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) • adult patients with intermediate or poor risk advanced renal cell carcinoma, as a first-line treatment in combination with ipilimumab. (1.7) • adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, as a first-line treatment in combination with cabozantinib. (1.7) • adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy. (1.7) Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) • adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with previously untreated, Stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD). (1.8) • adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after: (1.8) • autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and brentuximab vedotin, or • 3 or more lines of systemic therapy that includes autologous HSCT. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) • adult patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with disease progression on or after a platinum-based therapy. (1.9) Urothelial Carcinoma • adjuvant treatment of adult patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) who are at high risk of recurrence after undergoing radical resection of UC. (1.10) • adult patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, as first-line treatment in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine. (1.10) • adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who: • have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy. • have disease progression within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. (1.10) Colorectal Cancer • adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) in combination with ipilimumab. (1.11) • adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. ( 1.11 ) Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) • adult patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a first-line treatment in combination with ipilimumab. (1.12) • in combination with ipilimumab in adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib. ( 1.12 ) Esophageal Cancer • adult patients with completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer with residual pathologic disease, who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). (1.13) • adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as first-line treatment in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum‑containing chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1). (1.13) • adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as first-line treatment in combination with ipilimumab whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1). (1.13) • adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after prior fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-based chemotherapy. (1.13) Gastric Cancer, Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma • adult patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1) in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy. (1.14) 1.1 Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma OPDIVO, as a single agent or in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. 1.2 Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma OPDIVO is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with completely resected Stage IIB, Stage IIC, Stage III, or Stage IV melanoma. 1.3 Neoadjuvant Treatment of Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer OPDIVO, in combination with platinum-doublet chemotherapy, is indicated as neoadjuvant treatment of adult patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 1.4 Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment of Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer OPDIVO, in combination with platinum-doublet chemotherapy, is indicated for the neoadjuvant treatment of adult patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) NSCLC and no known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, followed by single-agent OPDIVO as adjuvant treatment after surgery. 1.5 Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1%) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab and 2 cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic or recurrent NSCLC, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. • OPDIVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving OPDIVO. 1.6 Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. 1.7 Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with intermediate or poor risk advanced RCC. • OPDIVO, in combination with cabozantinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC. • OPDIVO, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy. 1.8 Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma • OPDIVO, in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD), is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with previously untreated, Stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). • OPDIVO, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) that has relapsed or progressed after: • autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and brentuximab vedotin, or • 3 or more lines of systemic therapy that includes autologous HSCT. 1.9 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck OPDIVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) with disease progression on or after platinum-based therapy. 1.10 Urothelial Carcinoma OPDIVO is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) who are at high risk of recurrence after undergoing radical resection of UC [see Clinical Studies (14.10) ] . OPDIVO, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. OPDIVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who: • have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy. • have disease progression within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. 1.11 Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) . • OPDIVO, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) that has progressed following treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. 1.12 Hepatocellular Carcinoma • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC who have been previously treated with sorafenib. 1.13 Esophageal Cancer • OPDIVO is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of completely resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer with residual pathologic disease in adult patients who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). • OPDIVO, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . • OPDIVO, in combination with ipilimumab, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . • OPDIVO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after prior fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-based chemotherapy. 1.14 Gastric Cancer, Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma OPDIVO, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (≥1) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f570b9c4-6846-4de2-abfa-4d0a4ae4e394","document_date":"20260812","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0241","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"nusinersen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/nusinersen","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1863556","display":"nusinersen"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004312","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Nusinersen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersena","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Nuszinerszen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Nusinersen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Νουσινερσένη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Нусинерсен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Нусінерсен","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Spinraza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0201","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Muscular Atrophy, Spinal — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"nusinersen","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Spinraza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004312","lang":"en","text":"Spinraza is indicated for the treatment of 5q Spinal Muscular Atrophy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/spinraza","document_date":"04/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Spinraza — EPAR, 04/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Spinraza","product_id":"dd70cd5f-b0fc-4ba4-a5ea-89a34778bd94","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SPINRAZA is indicated for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in pediatric and adult patients. SPINRAZA is a survival motor neuron-2 (SMN2)-directed antisense oligonucleotide indicated for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in pediatric and adult patients ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dd70cd5f-b0fc-4ba4-a5ea-89a34778bd94","document_date":"20260331","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0242","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ocrelizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ocrelizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1876366","display":"ocrelizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004043","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ocrelizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ocrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ocrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ocrélizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ocrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ocrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ocrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Okrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Okrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Okrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Okrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Okrelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οκρελιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Окрелизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Окрелізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ocrevus"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ocrelizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ocrevus","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004043","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adult patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) with active disease defined by clinical or imaging features. Treatment of adult patients with early primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in terms of disease duration and level of disability, and with imaging features characteristic of inflammatory activity.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ocrevus","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ocrevus — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"OCREVUS","product_id":"9da42362-3bb5-4b83-b4bb-b59fd4e55f0d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE OCREVUS is indicated for the treatment of: Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults Primary progressive MS, in adults Relapsing-remitting MS, in pediatric patients 10 years of age and older who weigh 25 kg or more. OCREVUS is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody indicated for the treatment of: Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults ( 1 ) Primary progressive MS, in adults ( 1 ) Relapsing-remitting MS, in pediatric patients 10 years of age and older who weigh 25 kg or more ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9da42362-3bb5-4b83-b4bb-b59fd4e55f0d","document_date":"20260514","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0243","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"octocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/octocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000520","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003825","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Octocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Octocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Octocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Octocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Octocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Octocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Octocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Oktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Oktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Oktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Oktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Oktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Октоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Октоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Advate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kovaltry"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"octocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Advate","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000520","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor-VIII deficiency). Advate does not contain von Willebrand factor in pharmacologically effective quantities and is therefore not indicated in von Willebrand disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/advate","document_date":"24/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Advate — EPAR, 24/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Kovaltry","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003825","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency). Kovaltry can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kovaltry","document_date":"10/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kovaltry — EPAR, 10/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0244","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"olanzapine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/olanzapine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"61381","display":"olanzapine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000115","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000287","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000890","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000792","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000810","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000961","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001086","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001085","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001088","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001087","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Olanzapine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Olanzapin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ολανζαπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Оланзапин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Оланзапін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"オランザピン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"올란자핀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"奥氮平","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أولانزابين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ओलान्ज़ापाइन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zyprexa"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zyprexa Velotab"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zypadhera"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zalasta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Olanzapine Teva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Olanzapine Viatris (previously Olanzapine Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Olanzapine Glenmark Europe"},{"lang":"en","text":"Olanzapine Glenmark"},{"lang":"en","text":"Olazax Disperzi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Olazax"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"olanzapine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zypadhera","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000890","lang":"en","text":"Maintenance treatment of adult patients with schizophrenia sufficiently stabilised during acute treatment with oral olanzapine.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zypadhera","document_date":"01/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zypadhera — EPAR, 01/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zyprexa","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000115","lang":"en","text":"Coated tablets Adults Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Olanzapine is effective in maintaining the clinical improvement during continuation therapy in patients who have shown an initial treatment response. Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episode. In patients whose manic episode has responded to olanzapine treatment, olanzapine is indicated for the prevention of recurrence in patients with bipolar disorder. Injection Adults Zyprexa powder for solution for injection is indicated for the rapid control of agitation and disturbed behaviours in patients with schizophrenia or manic episode, when oral therapy is not appropriate. Treatment with Zyprexa powder for solution for injection should be discontinued and the use of oral olanzapine should be initiated as soon as clinically appropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zyprexa","document_date":"27/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zyprexa — EPAR, 27/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zyprexa Velotab","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000287","lang":"en","text":"Adults Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Olanzapine is effective in maintaining the clinical improvement during continuation therapy in patients who have shown an initial treatment response. Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episode. In patients whose manic episode has responded to olanzapine treatment, olanzapine is indicated for the prevention of recurrence in patients with bipolar disorder.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zyprexa-velotab","document_date":"18/12/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zyprexa Velotab — EPAR, 18/12/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Olanzapine","product_id":"38a89689-efc2-4931-8f65-868dc0248d6a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated: As oral formulation for the: • Treatment of schizophrenia. ( 1.1 ) • Adults: Efficacy was established in three clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia: two 6-week trials and one maintenance trial. ( 14.1 ) • Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Efficacy was established in one 6week trial in patients with schizophrenia (14.1) . The increased potential (in adolescents compared with adults) for weight gain and dyslipidemia may lead clinicians to consider prescribing other drugs first in adolescents. (1.1) • Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder and maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. ( 1.2 ) • Adults: Efficacy was established in three clinical trials in patients with manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder: two 3- to 4-week trials and one maintenance trial. ( 14.2 ) • Adolescents (ages 13 to 17): Efficacy was established in one 3-week trial in patients with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (14.2) . The increased potential (in adolescents compared with adults) for weight gain and dyslipidemia may lead clinicians to consider prescribing other drugs first in adolescents. (1.2) • Medication therapy for pediatric patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder should be undertaken only after a thorough diagnostic evaluation and with careful consideration of the potential risks. (1.3) • Adjunct to valproate or lithium in the treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. ( 1.2 ) • Efficacy was established in two 6-week clinical trials in adults ( 14.2 ). Maintenance efficacy has not been systematically evaluated. As Olanzapine and Fluoxetine in Combination for the: • Treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.( 1.5 ) • Efficacy was established with Symbyax (olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination); refer to the product label for Symbyax. • Treatment of treatment resistant depression. (1.6) • Efficacy was established with Symbyax (olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination) in adults; refer to the product label for Symbyax. 1.1 Schizophrenia Oral olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Efficacy was established in three clinical trials in adult patients with schizophrenia: two 6-week trials and one maintenance trial. In adolescent patients with schizophrenia (ages 13 to 17), efficacy was established in one 6-week trial [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )]. When deciding among the alternative treatments available for adolescents, clinicians should consider the increased potential (in adolescents as compared with adults) for weight gain and dyslipidemia. Clinicians should consider the potential long-term risks when prescribing to adolescents, and in many cases this may lead them to consider prescribing other drugs first in adolescents [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ]. 1.2 Bipolar I Disorder (Manic or Mixed Episodes) Monotherapy Oral olanzapine is indicated for the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder and maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. Efficacy was established in three clinical trials in adult patients with manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder: two 3- to 4-week trials and one monotherapy maintenance trial. In adolescent patients with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (ages 13 to 17), efficacy was established in one 3-week trial [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 ) ]. When deciding among the alternative treatments available for adolescents, clinicians should consider the increased potential (in adolescents as compared with adults) for weight gain and dyslipidemia. Clinicians should consider the potential long-term risks when prescribing to adolescents, and in many cases this may lead them to consider prescribing other drugs first in adolescents [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ]. Adjunctive Therapy to Lithium or Valproate Oral olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder as an adjunct to lithium or valproate. Efficacy was established in two 6-week clinical trials in adults. The effectiveness of adjunctive therapy for longer-term use has not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. 1.3 Special Considerations in Treating Pediatric Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder Pediatric schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder are serious mental disorders; however, diagnosis can be challenging. For pediatric schizophrenia, symptom profiles can be variable, and for bipolar I disorder, pediatric patients may have variable patterns of periodicity of manic or mixed symptoms. It is recommended that medication therapy for pediatric schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder be initiated only after a thorough diagnostic evaluation has been performed and careful consideration given to the risks associated with medication treatment. Medication treatment for both pediatric schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder should be part of a total treatment program that often includes psychological, educational and social interventions. 1.5 Olanzapine and Fluoxetine in Combination: Depressive Episodes Associated with Bipolar I Disorder Oral olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination is indicated for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, based on clinical studies. When using olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination, refer to the Clinical Studies section of the package insert for Symbyax. Olanzapine monotheraphy is not indicated for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. 1.6 Olanzapine and Fluoxetine in Combination: Treatment Resistant Depression Oral olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination is indicated for the treatment of treatment resistant depression (major depressive disorder in patients who do not respond to 2 separate trials of different antidepressants of adequate dose and duration in the current episode), based on clinical studies in adult patients. When using olanzapine and fluoxetine in combination, refer to the Clinical Studies section of the package insert for Symbyax. Olanzapine monotherapy is not indicated for the treatment of treatment resistant depression.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=38a89689-efc2-4931-8f65-868dc0248d6a","document_date":"20260813","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0245","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"olaparib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/olaparib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1597582","display":"olaparib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003726","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Olaparib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Olaparyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Olaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ολαπαρίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Олапариб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Олапариб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Lynparza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0066","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"olaparib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lynparza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003726","lang":"en","text":"Ovarian cancer Lynparza is indicated as monotherapy for the:  maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced (FIGO stages III and IV) BRCA1/2-mutated (germline and/or somatic) high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) following completion of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. maintenance treatment of adult patients with platinum sensitive relapsed high grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) to platinum based chemotherapy.  Lynparza in combination with bevacizumab is indicated for the:  maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced (FIGO stages III and IV) high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) following completion of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab and whose cancer is associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) positive status defined by either a BRCA1/2 mutation and/or genomic instability (see section 5.1).  Breast cancer Lynparza is indicated as:  monotherapy or in combination with endocrine therapy for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutations who have HER2-negative, high risk early breast cancer previously treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutations, who have HER2 negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Patients should have previously been treated with an anthracycline and a taxane in the (neo)adjuvant or metastatic setting unless patients were not suitable for these treatments (see section 5.1). Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer should also have progressed on or after prior endocrine therapy, or be considered unsuitable for endocrine therapy.  Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas Lynparza is indicated as:  monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with germline BRCA1/2-mutations who have metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and have not progressed after a minimum of 16 weeks of platinum treatment within a first-line chemotherapy regimen.  Prostate cancer Lynparza is indicated as:  monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and BRCA1/2-mutations (germline and/or somatic) who have progressed following prior therapy that included a new hormonal agent. in combination with abiraterone and prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of adult patients with mCRPC in whom chemotherapy is not clinically indicated (see section 5.1).  Endometrial cancer Lynparza in combination with durvalumab is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer that is mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) whose disease has not progressed on first-line treatment with durvalumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lynparza","document_date":"12/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lynparza — EPAR, 12/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Lynparza","product_id":"741ff3e3-dc1a-45a6-84e5-2481b27131aa","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Lynparza is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated: Ovarian cancer • for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA -mutated advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) • in combination with bevacizumab for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and whose cancer is associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive status defined by either: • a deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA mutation, and/or • genomic instability. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) • for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA-mutated recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.3 , 2.1 ) Breast cancer • for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious g BRCA m human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative high risk early breast cancer who have been treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.4 , 2.1 ) • for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCA m, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who have been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic setting. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer should have been treated with a prior endocrine therapy or be considered inappropriate for endocrine therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.5 , 2.1 ) Pancreatic cancer • for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCA m metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma whose disease has not progressed on at least 16 weeks of a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.6 , 2.1 ) Prostate cancer • for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have progressed following prior treatment with enzalutamide or abiraterone. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.7 , 2.1 ) • in combination with abiraterone and prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA -mutated ( BRCA m) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza. ( 1.8 , 2.1 ) 1.1 First-Line Maintenance Treatment of BRCA -mutated Advanced Ovarian Cancer Lynparza is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA -mutated advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.2 First-line Maintenance Treatment of HRD-positive Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Combination with Bevacizumab Lynparza is indicated in combination with bevacizumab for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and whose cancer is associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive status defined by either: • a deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA mutation, and/or • genomic instability. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. 1.3 Maintenance Treatment of BRCA-mutated Recurrent Ovarian Cancer Lynparza is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA-mutated recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. 1.4 Adjuvant Treatment of Germline BRCA -mutated HER2-negative High Risk Early Breast Cancer Lynparza is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCA m human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative high risk early breast cancer who have been treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [ see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. 1.5 Germline BRCA -mutated HER2-negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Lynparza is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCA m, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, who have been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic setting. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer should have been treated with a prior endocrine therapy or be considered inappropriate for endocrine therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.6 First-Line Maintenance Treatment of Germline BRCA -mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Lynparza is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious gBRCA m metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma whose disease has not progressed on at least 16 weeks of a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.7 HRR Gene-mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Lynparza is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have progressed following prior treatment with enzalutamide or abiraterone. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. 1.8 Treatment of BRCA -mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Combination with Abiraterone and Prednisone or Prednisolone Lynparza is indicated in combination with abiraterone and prednisone or prednisolone for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Lynparza [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=741ff3e3-dc1a-45a6-84e5-2481b27131aa","document_date":"20250710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0246","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"omalizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/omalizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"302379","display":"omalizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000606","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005958","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Omalizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Omalizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ομαλιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Омализумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Омалізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xolair"},{"lang":"en","text":"Omlyclo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xolair PFS"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"omalizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xolair","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000606","lang":"en","text":"Allergic asthma Xolair is indicated in adults, adolescents and children (6 to <12 years of age). Xolair treatment should only be considered for patients with convincing IgE (immunoglobulin E) mediated asthma. Adults and adolescents (12 years of age and older) Xolair is indicated as add-on therapy to improve asthma control in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma who have a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen and who have reduced lung function (FEV1 <80%) as well as frequent daytime symptoms or night-time awakenings and who have had multiple documented severe asthma exacerbations despite daily high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, plus a long-acting inhaled beta2-agonist. Children (6 to <12 years of age) Xolair is indicated as add-on therapy to improve asthma control in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma who have a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen and frequent daytime symptoms or night-time awakenings and who have had multiple documented severe asthma exacerbations despite daily high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, plus a long-acting inhaled beta2-agonist. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) Xolair is indicated as an add-on therapy with intranasal corticosteroids (INC) for the treatment of adults (18 years and above) with severe CRSwNP for whom therapy with INC does not provide adequate disease control. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) Xolair is indicated as add-on therapy for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria in adult and adolescent (12 years and above) patients with inadequate response to H1 antihistamine treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xolair","document_date":"08/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xolair — EPAR, 08/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"XOLAIR","product_id":"7f6a2191-adfb-48b9-9bfa-0d9920479f0d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XOLAIR is an anti-IgE antibody indicated for: Moderate to severe persistent asthma in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen and symptoms that are inadequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids ( 1.1 ) Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in adult patients 18 years of age and older with inadequate response to nasal corticosteroids, as add-on maintenance treatment ( 1.2 ) IgE-mediated food allergy in adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older for the reduction of allergic reactions (Type I), including anaphylaxis, that may occur with accidental exposure to one or more foods. To be used in conjunction with food allergen avoidance ( 1.3 ) Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment ( 1.4 ) Limitations of Use : Not indicated for acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. ( 1.1 , 5.3 ) Not indicated for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis ( 1.3 ) Not indicated for other forms of urticaria. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Asthma XOLAIR is indicated for adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderate to severe persistent asthma who have a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen and whose symptoms are inadequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids. Limitations of Use: XOLAIR is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. 1.2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps XOLAIR is indicated for add-on maintenance treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in adult patients 18 years of age and older with inadequate response to nasal corticosteroids. 1.3 IgE-Mediated Food Allergy XOLAIR is indicated for the reduction of allergic reactions (Type I), including anaphylaxis, that may occur with accidental exposure to one or more foods in adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older with IgE-mediated food allergy. XOLAIR is to be used in conjunction with food allergen avoidance. Limitations of Use: XOLAIR is not indicated for the emergency treatment of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. 1.4 Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria XOLAIR is indicated for the treatment of adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. Limitations of Use: XOLAIR is not indicated for treatment of other forms of urticaria.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7f6a2191-adfb-48b9-9bfa-0d9920479f0d","document_date":"20260813","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0247","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"onasemnogene-abeparvovec","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/onasemnogene-abeparvovec","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2170226","display":"onasemnogene abeparvovec"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004750","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006498","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Onasemnogene abeparvovec","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogen abeparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogen abeparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogène abéparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogén abeparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogene abeparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogeno abeparvovec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogen abeparwowek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogen abeparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogén abeparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnogén abeparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Onasemnojen abeparvovek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ονασεμνογένη αμπεπαρβοβέκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Онасемноген абепарвовек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Онасемноген абепарвовек","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zolgensma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Itvisma"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0201","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Muscular Atrophy, Spinal — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"onasemnogene abeparvovec","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Itvisma","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006498","lang":"en","text":"Itvisma is indicated for the treatment of 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene in patients 2 years of age and older.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/itvisma","document_date":"02/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Itvisma — EPAR, 02/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zolgensma","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004750","lang":"en","text":"Zolgensma is indicated for the treatment of:  patients with 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene and a clinical diagnosis of SMA Type 1, or patients with 5q SMA with a bi-allelic mutation in the SMN1 gene and up to 3 copies of the SMN2 gene.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zolgensma","document_date":"21/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zolgensma — EPAR, 21/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0248","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"opicapone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/opicapone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2362167","display":"opicapone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002790","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Opicapone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Opicaponă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Opicapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Opicapone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Opicapona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Opicapone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Opicapona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Opikapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Opikapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Opikapón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Opikapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Opikapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οπικαπόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Опикапон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Опікапон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ongentys"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"opicapone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ongentys","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002790","lang":"en","text":"Ongentys is indicated as adjunctive therapy to preparations of levodopa/ DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors (DDCI) in adult patients with Parkinson’s disease and end-of-dose motor fluctuations who cannot be stabilised on those combinations.Ongentys is indicated as adjunctive therapy to preparations of levodopa/ DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors (DDCI) in adult patients with Parkinson’s disease and end-of-dose motor fluctuations who cannot be stabilised on those combinations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ongentys","document_date":"07/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ongentys — EPAR, 07/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ONGENTYS","product_id":"a511a531-112e-43f8-a43f-5334b0efe979","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ONGENTYS is indicated as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experiencing “off” episodes. ONGENTYS is a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor indicated as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experiencing “off” episodes. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a511a531-112e-43f8-a43f-5334b0efe979","document_date":"20251015","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0249","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"orlistat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/orlistat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"37925","display":"orlistat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000154","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000854","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Orlistat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Orlistate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Orlisztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Orlistat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ορλιστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Орлистат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Орлістат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xenical"},{"lang":"en","text":"Alli (previously Orlistat GSK)"},{"lang":"en","text":"ALLI"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"orlistat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Alli (previously Orlistat GSK)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000854","lang":"en","text":"Alli is indicated for weight loss in adults who are overweight (body mass index, BMI, 28 kg/m2) and should be taken in conjunction with a mildly hypocaloric, lower-fat diet.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/alli","document_date":"05/12/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Alli (previously Orlistat GSK) — EPAR, 05/12/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Xenical","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000154","lang":"en","text":"Xenical is indicated in conjunction with a mildly hypocaloric diet for the treatment of obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater or equal to 30 kg/m2, or overweight patients (BMI > 28 kg/m2) with associated risk factors. Treatment with orlistat should be discontinued after 12 weeks if patients have been unable to lose at least 5% of the body weight as measured at the start of therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xenical","document_date":"10/05/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xenical — EPAR, 10/05/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ALLI","product_id":"a2d3bd73-f3af-4ea5-a57c-66b0004cfe4f","lang":"en","text":"Use for weight loss in overweight adults, 18 years and older, when used along with a reduced-calorie and low-fat diet","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a2d3bd73-f3af-4ea5-a57c-66b0004cfe4f","document_date":"20260318","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0250","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"oseltamivir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/oseltamivir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"260101","display":"oseltamivir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000402","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003717","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamiwir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Oszeltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Oseltamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οσελταμιβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осельтамивир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Осельтамівір","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"オセルタミビル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"오셀타미비르","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"奥司他韦","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أوسيلتاميفير","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ओसेल्टामिविर","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tamiflu"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ebilfumin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Oseltamivir Phosphate"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"oseltamivir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tamiflu","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000402","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of influenza Tamiflu is indicated in adults and children including full term neonates who present with symptoms typical of influenza, when influenza virus is circulating in the community. Efficacy has been demonstrated when treatment is initiated within two days of first onset of symptoms.Prevention of influenza  Post-exposure prevention in individuals one year of age or older following contact with a clinically diagnosed influenza case when influenza virus is circulating in the community. The appropriate use of Tamiflu for prevention of influenza should be determined on a case-by-case basis by the circumstances and the population requiring protection. In exceptional situations (e.g. in case of a mismatch between the circulating and vaccine virus strains, and a pandemic situation) seasonal prevention could be considered in individuals one year of age or older. Tamiflu is indicated for post-exposure prevention of influenza in infants less than 1 year of age during a pandemic-influenza outbreak.  Tamiflu is not a substitute for influenza vaccination. The use of antivirals for the treatment and prevention of influenza should be determined on the basis of official recommendations. Decisions regarding the use of oseltamivir for treatment and prophylaxis should take into consideration what is known about the characteristics of the circulating influenza viruses, available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns for each season and the impact of the disease in different geographical areas and patient populations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tamiflu","document_date":"15/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tamiflu — EPAR, 15/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Oseltamivir Phosphate","product_id":"c61bb5af-558f-4b32-b34d-8fdae480443c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Oseltamivir phosphate capsules are an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) indicated for: Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza A and B in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours. (1.1) Prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older. (1.2) Limitations of Use: Not a substitute for annual influenza vaccination. (1.3) Consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use. (1.3) Not recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease not undergoing dialysis. (1.3) 1.1 Treatment of Influenza Oseltamivir phosphate capsules are indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated illness due to influenza A and B infection in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours. 1.2 Prophylaxis of Influenza Oseltamivir phosphate capsules are indicated for the prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older. 1.3 Limitations of Use Oseltamivir phosphate capsules are not a substitute for early influenza vaccination on an annual basis as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Influenza viruses change over time. Emergence of resistance substitutions could decrease drug effectiveness. Other factors (for example, changes in viral virulence) might also diminish clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Prescribers should consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use oseltamivir phosphate capsules [see Microbiology (12.4) ] . Oseltamivir phosphate capsules are not recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease not undergoing dialysis [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c61bb5af-558f-4b32-b34d-8fdae480443c","document_date":"20260115","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0251","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"osilodrostat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/osilodrostat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2286252","display":"osilodrostat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004821","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostato","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Oszilodrosztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Osilodrostat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οσιλοδροστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Осилодростат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Осилодростат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Isturisa"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0137","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cushing Syndrome — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"osilodrostat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Isturisa","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004821","lang":"en","text":"Isturisa is indicated for the treatment of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/isturisa","document_date":"12/12/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Isturisa — EPAR, 12/12/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Isturisa","product_id":"f3a5ec24-63c3-4d83-b1c0-6c550fbe7ae2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ISTURISA is indicated for the treatment of endogenous hypercortisolemia in adults with Cushing's syndrome for whom surgery is not an option or has not been curative. ISTURISA is a cortisol synthesis inhibitor indicated for the treatment of endogenous hypercortisolemia in adults with Cushing's syndrome for whom surgery is not an option or has not been curative ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f3a5ec24-63c3-4d83-b1c0-6c550fbe7ae2","document_date":"20251118","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0252","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ozanimod","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ozanimod","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2288236","display":"ozanimod"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004835","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ozanimod","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ozanimod","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Οζανιμόδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Озанимод","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Озанімод","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zeposia"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ozanimod","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zeposia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004835","lang":"en","text":"Multiple sclerosis  Zeposia is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with active disease as defined by clinical or imaging features.  Ulcerative colitis  Zeposia is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who have had an inadequate response, lost response, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic agent.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zeposia","document_date":"03/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zeposia — EPAR, 03/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0253","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"paclitaxel","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/paclitaxel","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"56946","display":"paclitaxel"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000778","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004441","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006173","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005997","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paclitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Paklitaksel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Paklitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Paklitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Paklitaxel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Paklitaksel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πακλιταξέλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Паклитаксел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Паклітаксел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"パクリタキセル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"파클리탁셀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"紫杉醇","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"باكليتاكسيل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैक्लिटैक्सेल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Abraxane"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pazenir"},{"lang":"en","text":"Naveruclif"},{"lang":"en","text":"Apexelsin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable suspension (albumin-bound)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0066","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pancreatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"paclitaxel","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Abraxane","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000778","lang":"en","text":"Abraxane monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in adult patients who have failed first-line treatment for metastatic disease and for whom standard, anthracycline containing therapy is not indicated. Abraxane in combination with gemcitabine is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Abraxane in combination with carboplatin is indicated for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in adult patients who are not candidates for potentially curative surgery and/or radiation therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/abraxane","document_date":"21/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Abraxane — EPAR, 21/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Paclitaxel","product_id":"e4be6cbf-72b9-4f7f-9b1b-459b2d35961a","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Paclitaxel Injection USP is indicated as subsequent therapy for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the ovary. As first-line therapy, paclitaxel injection is indicated in combination with cisplatin. Paclitaxel Injection USP is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer administered sequentially to standard doxorubicin-containing combination chemotherapy. In the clinical trial, there was an overall favorable effect on disease-free and overall survival in the total population of patients with receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors, but the benefit has been specifically demonstrated by available data (median follow-up 30 months) only in the patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative tumors (see CLINICAL STUDIES, Breast Carcinoma ). Paclitaxel Injection USP is indicated for the treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease or relapse within 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline unless clinically contraindicated. Paclitaxel Injection USP, in combination with cisplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in patients who are not candidates for potentially curative surgery and/or radiation therapy. Paclitaxel Injection USP is indicated for the second-line treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e4be6cbf-72b9-4f7f-9b1b-459b2d35961a","document_date":"20260909","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0254","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"padeliporfin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/padeliporfin","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004182","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Padeliporfin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Padéliporfine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Padeliporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παδελιπορφίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Паделипорфин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Паделіпорфін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tookad"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"padeliporfin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tookad","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004182","lang":"en","text":"Tookad is indicated as monotherapy for adult patients with previously untreated, unilateral, low risk, adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a life expectancy ? 10 years and:  Clinical stage T1c or T2a; Gleason Score ? 6, based on high-resolution biopsy strategies; PSA ? 10 ng/mL; 3 positive cancer cores with a maximum cancer core length of 5 mm in any one core or 1-2 positive cancer cores with ? 50 % cancer involvement in any one core or a PSA density ? 0.15 ng/mL/cm³.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tookad","document_date":"07/12/2022","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tookad — EPAR, 07/12/2022. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0255","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"palbociclib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/palbociclib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1601374","display":"palbociclib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003853","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006624","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Palbociclib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Palbociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Palbociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Palbociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Palbociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Palbociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Palbociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Palbocyklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Palbociklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Palbociklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Palbociklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Palbosiklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παλμποσικλίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Палбоциклиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Палбоцикліб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ibrance"},{"lang":"en","text":"Palbociclib Viatris"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"palbociclib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ibrance","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003853","lang":"en","text":"Ibrance is indicated for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer:  in combination with an aromatase inhibitor; in combination with fulvestrant in women who have received prior endocrine therapy.  In pre- or perimenopausal women, the endocrine therapy should be combined with a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ibrance","document_date":"19/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ibrance — EPAR, 19/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Ibrance","product_id":"89a142d5-7e61-48bf-9e77-e2cd124c4792","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE IBRANCE is a kinase inhibitor indicated: • for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: o an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy ( 1.1 ); or o fulvestrant in patients with disease progression following endocrine therapy. ( 1.1 ) • in combination with inavolisib and fulvestrant for the treatment of adult patients with endocrine-resistant, PIK3CA -mutated, HR-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by an FDA‑authorized test, following recurrence on or after completing adjuvant endocrine therapy. ( 1.1 ) • in combination with trastuzumab, with or without pertuzumab, and endocrine therapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with HR-positive, HER2‑positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer following induction treatment. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer IBRANCE is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: • an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy; or • fulvestrant in patients with disease progression following endocrine therapy. IBRANCE is indicated in combination with inavolisib and fulvestrant for the treatment of adult patients with endocrine-resistant, PIK3CA -mutated, HR-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, as detected by an FDA- authorized test, following recurrence on or after completing adjuvant endocrine therapy. 1.2 HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer IBRANCE is indicated in combination with trastuzumab, with or without pertuzumab, and endocrine therapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with HR-positive, HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer following induction treatment.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=89a142d5-7e61-48bf-9e77-e2cd124c4792","document_date":"20260706","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0256","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"paliperidone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/paliperidone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"679314","display":"paliperidone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000746","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002105","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004066","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005486","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006185","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Paliperidone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Palipéridone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Paliperydon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Paliperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παλιπεριδόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Палиперидон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Паліперидон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Invega"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xeplion"},{"lang":"en","text":"Trevicta (previously Paliperidone Janssen)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Byannli (previously Paliperidone Janssen-Cilag International)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Niapelf"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"paliperidone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Byannli (previously Paliperidone Janssen-Cilag International)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005486","lang":"en","text":"Byannli (previously Paliperidone Janssen-Cilag International) a 6 monthly injection, is indicated for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients who are clinically stable on 1 monthly or 3 monthly paliperidone palmitate injectable products (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/byannl","document_date":"10/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Byannli (previously Paliperidone Janssen-Cilag International) — EPAR, 10/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Invega","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000746","lang":"en","text":"Invega is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and in adolescents 15 years and older. Invega is indicated for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/invega","document_date":"12/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Invega — EPAR, 12/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Trevicta (previously Paliperidone Janssen)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004066","lang":"en","text":"Trevicta, a 3 monthly injection, is indicated for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients who are clinically stable on 1 monthly paliperidone palmitate injectable product.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/trevicta","document_date":"22/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Trevicta (previously Paliperidone Janssen) — EPAR, 22/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Xeplion","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002105","lang":"en","text":"Xeplion is indicated for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients stabilised with paliperidone or risperidone. In selected adult patients with schizophrenia and previous responsiveness to oral paliperidone or risperidone, Xeplion may be used without prior stabilisation with oral treatment if psychotic symptoms are mild to moderate and a long-acting injectable treatment is needed.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xeplion","document_date":"03/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xeplion — EPAR, 03/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PALIPERIDONE","product_id":"bbbaa057-f587-4eb9-a0d2-463dbcd57661","lang":"en","text":"1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE Paliperidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated for Treatment of schizophrenia ( 1.1 ) Adults: Efficacy was established in three 6-week trials and one maintenance trial. ( 14.1 ) Adolescents (ages 12-17): Efficacy was established in one 6-week trial. ( 14.1 ) Treatment of schizoaffective disorder as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants. ( 1.2 ) Efficacy was established in two 6-week trials in adult patients. ( 14.2 ) 1.1 Schizophrenia Paliperidone extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. The efficacy of paliperidone in schizophrenia was established in three 6-week trials in adults and one 6-week trial in adolescents, as well as one maintenance trial in adults. 1.2 Schizoaffective Disorder Paliperidone extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder as monotherapy and an adjunct to mood stabilizers and/or antidepressant therapy [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. The efficacy of paliperidone in schizoaffective disorder was established in two 6-week trials in adults.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=bbbaa057-f587-4eb9-a0d2-463dbcd57661","document_date":"20260728","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0257","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"panitumumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/panitumumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"263034","display":"panitumumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000741","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Panitumumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Panitumumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πανιτουμουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Панитумумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Панітумумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vectibix"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"panitumumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vectibix","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000741","lang":"en","text":"Vectibix is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC):  in first-line in combination with Folfox or Folfiri. in second-line in combination with Folfiri for patients who have received first-line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy (excluding irinotecan). as monotherapy after failure of fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vectibix","document_date":"07/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vectibix — EPAR, 07/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Vectibix","product_id":"e0fa4bca-f245-4d92-ae29-b0c630a315c2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Vectibix is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with wild-type RAS (defined as wild-type in both KRAS and NRAS as determined by an FDA-approved test) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)*: In combination with FOLFOX for first-line treatment. ( 1 , 14.2 ) As monotherapy following disease progression after prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy. ( 1 , 14.1 ) KRAS G12C-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)* In combination with sotorasib, for the treatment of adult patients with KRAS G12C- mutated mCRC, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have received prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. ( 1 ) *Limitations of Use: Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with RAS -mutant mCRC unless used in combination with sotorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated mCRC. Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with mCRC for whom RAS mutation status is unknown ( 1 , 2.1 , 5.2 , 12.1 , 14.3 ). Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) RAS Wild-Type mCRC Vectibix is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with wild-type RAS (defined as wild-type in both KRAS and NRAS as determined by an FDA-approved test) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] : As first-line therapy in combination with FOLFOX [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . As monotherapy following disease progression after prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . KRAS G12C -mutated mCRC Vectibix, in combination with sotorasib, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with KRAS G12C- mutated mCRC, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have received prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Clinical Studies (14.4) ] . Limitations of Use : Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with RAS -mutant mCRC unless used in combination with sotorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated mCRC. Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with mCRC for whom RAS mutation status is unknown [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Clinical Studies (14.3) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e0fa4bca-f245-4d92-ae29-b0c630a315c2","document_date":"20260623","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0258","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pantoprazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pantoprazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"40790","display":"pantoprazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001013","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001097","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001098","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pantoprazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pantoprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παντοπραζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пантопразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пантопразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"パントプラゾール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"판토프라졸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"泮托拉唑","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بانتوبرازول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैंटोप्राज़ोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Pantozol Control"},{"lang":"en","text":"Controloc Control"},{"lang":"en","text":"Somac Control"},{"lang":"en","text":"PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0311","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Gastroesophageal Reflux — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pantoprazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Controloc Control","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001097","lang":"en","text":"Short-term treatment of reflux symptoms (e.g. heartburn, acid regurgitation) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/controloc-control","document_date":"25/05/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Controloc Control — EPAR, 25/05/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Pantozol Control","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001013","lang":"en","text":"Short-term treatment of reflux symptoms (e.g. heartburn, acid regurgitation) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/pantozol-control","document_date":"25/05/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Pantozol Control — EPAR, 25/05/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Somac Control","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001098","lang":"en","text":"Short-term treatment of reflux symptoms (e.g. heartburn, acid regurgitation) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/somac-control","document_date":"24/05/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Somac Control — EPAR, 24/05/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM","product_id":"59f50bcb-85e5-e3f6-e063-6294a90a11ae","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for: Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablet is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) indicated for the following: • Short-Term Treatment of Erosive Esophagitis Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (1.1) • Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis ( 1.2) • Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions Including Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) Syndrome (1.3 ) 1.1 Short-Term Treatment of Erosive Esophagitis Associated With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients five years of age and older for the short-term treatment (up to 8 weeks) in the healing and symptomatic relief of erosive esophagitis (EE). For those adult patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 8-week course of pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets may be considered. Safety of treatment beyond 8 weeks in pediatric patients has not been established. 1.2 Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for maintenance of healing of EE and reduction in relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms in adult patients with GERD. Controlled studies did not extend beyond 12 months. 1.3 Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions Including Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) Syndrome.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=59f50bcb-85e5-e3f6-e063-6294a90a11ae","document_date":"20260826","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0259","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"peginterferon-beta-1a","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/peginterferon-beta-1a","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1546168","display":"peginterferon beta-1a"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002827","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Peginterferon beta-1a","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Peginterféron bêta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferón beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferone beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferão beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferón beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferon béta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Peginterferon beta-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πεγκιντερφερόνη βήτα-1α","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пэгинтерферон бета-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пегінтерферон бета-1a","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Plegridy"},{"lang":"en","text":"Plegridy Pen"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0207","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Multiple Sclerosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"peginterferon beta-1a","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Plegridy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002827","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in adult patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/plegridy","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Plegridy — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Plegridy Pen","product_id":"08f0ea03-4e6d-195d-aef4-886e32befa95","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PLEGRIDY is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. PLEGRIDY is an interferon beta indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=08f0ea03-4e6d-195d-aef4-886e32befa95","document_date":"20251112","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0260","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pembrolizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pembrolizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1547545","display":"pembrolizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003820","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pembrolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πεμπρολιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пембролизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пембролізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ペムブロリズマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"펨브롤리주맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"帕博利珠单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بيمبروليزوماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पेम्ब्रोलिज़ुमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Keytruda"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0099","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Hodgkin Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pembrolizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Keytruda","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003820","lang":"en","text":"Melanoma Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older with advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma. Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older with Stage IIB, IIC, or with Stage III melanoma and lymph node involvement who have undergone complete resection. Non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) Keytruda, in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as monotherapy as adjuvant treatment, is indicated for the treatment of resectable non small cell lung carcinoma at high risk of recurrence in adults Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults with non-small cell lung carcinoma who are at high risk of recurrence following complete resection and platinum based chemotherapy (for selection criteria, see section 5.1). Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the first line treatment of metastatic non small cell lung carcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a ≥ 50% tumour proportion score (TPS) with no EGFR or ALK positive tumour mutations. Keytruda, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of metastatic non squamous non small cell lung carcinoma in adults whose tumours have no EGFR or ALK positive mutations. Keytruda, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or nab paclitaxel, is indicated for the first line treatment of metastatic squamous non small cell lung carcinoma in adults. Keytruda  as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non small cell lung carcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a ≥ 1% TPS and who have received at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. Patients with EGFR or ALK positive tumour mutations should also have received targeted therapy before receiving KEYTRUDA. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) Keytruda, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first‑line treatment of adults with unresectable non-epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients aged 3 years and older with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma who have failed autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or following at least two prior therapies when ASCT is not a treatment option. Urothelial carcinoma Keytruda, in combination with enfortumab vedotin, as neoadjuvant treatment and then continued after radical cystectomy as adjuvant treatment, is indicated for the treatment of adults with resectable muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are ineligible for cisplatin‑containing chemotherapy. Keytruda, in combination with enfortumab vedotin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults. Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults who have received prior platinum containing chemotherapy.Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults who are not eligible for cisplatin containing chemotherapy and whose tumours express PD L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 10. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as neoadjuvant treatment, continued as adjuvant treatment in combination with radiation therapy with or without concomitant cisplatin and then as monotherapy in adults whose tumours express PD-L1 with a CPS ≥ 1. Keytruda, as monotherapy or in combination with platinum and 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) chemotherapy, is indicated for the first line treatment of metastatic or unresectable recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a CPS ≥ 1. Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a ? 50% TPS and progressing on or after platinum containing chemotherapy. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) Keytruda, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma in adults. Keytruda, in combination with lenvatinib, is indicated for the first line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma in adults. Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults with renal cell carcinoma at increased risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions (for selection criteria, please see section 5.1). Microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) cancers Colorectal cancer (CRC)Keytruda as monotherapy is indicated for theadults with MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer in the following settings:  first line treatment of metastatic microsatellite instability high (MSI H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer in adults; treatment of unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer after previous fluoropyrimidine based combination therapy.   Non-colorectal cancersKeytruda as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of the following MSI H or dMMR tumours in adults with:  advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma, who have disease progression on or following prior treatment with a platinum containing therapy in any setting and who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation; unresectable or metastatic gastric, small intestine, or biliary cancer, who have disease progression on or following at least one prior therapy.  Oesophageal carcinoma Keytruda, in combination with platinum and fluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a CPS ≥ 10. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) Keytruda, in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as monotherapy as adjuvant treatment after surgery, is indicated for the treatment of adults with locally advanced, or early stage triple negative breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. Keytruda, in combination with chemotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic triple negative breast cancer in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a CPS ≥ 10 and who have not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Endometrial carcinoma (EC) Keytruda, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, is indicated for the first-line treatment of primary advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Keytruda, in combination with lenvatinib, is indicated for the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma in adults who have disease progression on or following prior treatment with a platinum containing therapy in any setting and who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Cervical cancer Keytruda, in combination with chemoradiotherapy (external beam radiation therapy followed by brachytherapy), is indicated for the treatment of FIGO 2014 Stage III - IVA locally advanced cervical cancer in adults who have not received prior definitive therapy.  Keytruda, in combination with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a CPS ≥ 1. Gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma Keytruda, in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD-L1 with a CPS ≥ 1. Keytruda, in combination with fluoropyrimidine and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-negative gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD L1 with a CPS ≥ 1 (see section 5.1). Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) Keytruda, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract carcinoma in adults. Ovarian Cancer Keytruda, in combination with paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of platinum‑resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma in adults whose tumours express PD‑L1 with a CPS ≥ 1 and who have received one or two prior systemic treatment regimens.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/keytruda","document_date":"03/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Keytruda — EPAR, 03/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"KEYTRUDA","product_id":"9333c79b-d487-4538-a9f0-71b91a02b287","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE KEYTRUDA is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody indicated: Melanoma for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. ( 1.1 ) for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with Stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma following complete resection. ( 1.1 ) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. ( 1.2 ) in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC. ( 1.2 ) as a single agent for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥1%] as determined by an FDA-authorized test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is: Stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) as a single agent for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-authorized test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) for the treatment of patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) NSCLC in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. ( 1.2 ) as a single agent, for adjuvant treatment following resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with Stage IB (T2a ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA NSCLC. ( 1.2 ) Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, as first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic MPM. ( 1.3 ) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) for the treatment of adult patients with resectable locally advanced HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-authorized test, as a single agent as neoadjuvant treatment, continued as adjuvant treatment in combination with radiotherapy (RT) with or without cisplatin and then as a single agent. ( 1.4 ) in combination with platinum and FU for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC. ( 1.4 ) as a single agent for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.4 , 2.1 ) as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. ( 1.4 ) Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory cHL. ( 1.5 ) for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy. ( 1.5 ) Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma (PMBCL) for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory PMBCL, or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. ( 1.6 ) Limitations of Use : KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy. Urothelial Cancer in combination with enfortumab vedotin-ejfv, for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. ( 1.7 ) as a single agent for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma who: are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy, or who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. ( 1.7 ) in combination with enfortumab vedotin-ejfv, as neoadjuvant treatment and then continued after cystectomy as adjuvant treatment of adult patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). ( 1.7 ) as a single agent for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy. ( 1.7 ) Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-authorized test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. ( 1.8 , 2.1 ) Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer (CRC) for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.9 , 2.1 ) Gastric Cancer in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.10 ) in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.10 ) Esophageal Cancer for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation either: in combination with platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for patients whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test, or as a single agent after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy for patients with tumors of squamous cell histology that express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.11 , 2.1 ) Cervical Cancer in combination with chemoradiotherapy, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer involving the lower third of the vagina, with or without extension to pelvic sidewall, or hydronephrosis/non-functioning kidney, or spread to adjacent pelvic organs (FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA). ( 1.12 ) in combination with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, for the treatment of patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.12 , 2.1 ) as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.12 , 2.1 ) Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) for the treatment of patients with HCC secondary to hepatitis B who have received prior systemic therapy other than a PD-1/PD-L1-containing regimen. ( 1.13 ) Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer. ( 1.14 ) Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. ( 1.15 ) Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) in combination with axitinib, for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC. ( 1.16 ) in combination with lenvatinib, for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC. ( 1.16 ) for the adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. ( 1.16 ) in combination with belzutifan, for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with RCC with a clear cell component (ccRCC) at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. ( 1.16 ) Endometrial Carcinoma in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by KEYTRUDA as a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. ( 1.17 ) in combination with lenvatinib, for the treatment of adult patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) or not MSI-H as determined by an FDA-authorized test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. ( 1.17 , 2.1 ) as a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is MSI-H or dMMR, as determined by an FDA-authorized test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. ( 1.17 , 2.1 ) Tumor Mutational Burden-High (TMB-H) Cancer for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-authorized test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. 1 ( 1.18 , 2.1 ) Limitations of Use : The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cSCC or locally advanced cSCC that is not curable by surgery or radiation. ( 1.19 ) Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) for the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage TNBC in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. ( 1.20 ) in combination with sacituzumab govitecan-hziy, for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.20 , 2.1 ) in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.20 , 2.1 ) Ovarian Cancer in combination with paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, for the treatment of adult patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test, and who have received one or two prior systemic treatment regimens. ( 1.21 , 2.1 ) 1 This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. 1.1 Melanoma KEYTRUDA ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with Stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma following complete resection. 1.2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥1%] as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is: Stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) NSCLC in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated as adjuvant treatment following resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with Stage IB (T2a ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA NSCLC. 1.3 Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). 1.4 Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with resectable locally advanced HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , as a single agent as neoadjuvant treatment, continued as adjuvant treatment in combination with radiotherapy (RT) with or without cisplatin and then as a single agent. KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. 1.5 Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy. 1.6 Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. Limitations of Use : KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy. 1.7 Urothelial Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with enfortumab vedotin-ejfv, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy, or who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. KEYTRUDA, in combination with enfortumab vedotin-ejfv, as neoadjuvant treatment and then continued after cystectomy as adjuvant treatment, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy. 1.8 Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-authorized test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.9 Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.10 Gastric Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . KEYTRUDA, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.11 Esophageal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation either: in combination with platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for patients with tumors that express PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , or as a single agent after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy for patients with tumors of squamous cell histology that express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.12 Cervical Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer involving the lower third of the vagina, with or without extension to pelvic sidewall, or hydronephrosis/non-functioning kidney, or spread to adjacent pelvic organs (FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA). KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.13 Hepatocellular Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to hepatitis B who have received prior systemic therapy other than a PD-1/PD-L1-containing regimen. 1.14 Biliary Tract Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). 1.15 Merkel Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). 1.16 Renal Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). KEYTRUDA, in combination with lenvatinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced RCC. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions [see Clinical Studies (14.16) ] . KEYTRUDA, in combination with belzutifan, is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with RCC with a clear cell component (ccRCC) at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. 1.17 Endometrial Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by KEYTRUDA as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. KEYTRUDA, in combination with lenvatinib, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) or not MSI-H as determined by an FDA-authorized test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is MSI-H or dMMR, as determined by an FDA-authorized test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.18 Tumor Mutational Burden-High Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response [see Clinical Studies (14.18) ] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. Limitations of Use : The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established. 1.19 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) or locally advanced cSCC that is not curable by surgery or radiation. 1.20 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, in combination with sacituzumab govitecan-hziy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.21 Ovarian Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] , and who have received one or two prior systemic treatment regimens.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9333c79b-d487-4538-a9f0-71b91a02b287","document_date":"20260710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0261","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pemetrexed","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pemetrexed","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"68446","display":"pemetrexed"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000564","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004109","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003970","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003905","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004072","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003895","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pémétrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexedo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pemetreksed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrexed","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pemetrekset","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πεμετρεξέδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пеметрексед","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пеметрексед","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Alimta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Armisarte (previously Pemetrexed Actavis)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pemetrexed Pfizer (previously Pemetrexed Hospira)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pemetrexed medac"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pemetrexed Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pemetrexed Fresenius Kabi"},{"lang":"en","text":"AXTLE"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pemfexy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0076","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Mesothelioma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pemetrexed","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Alimta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000564","lang":"en","text":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma Alimta in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of chemotherapy-naïve patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. Non-small-cell lung cancer Alimta in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology. Alimta is indicated as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology in patients whose disease has not progressed immediately following platinum-based chemotherapy. Alimta is indicated as monotherapy for the second line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/alimta","document_date":"18/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Alimta — EPAR, 18/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Armisarte (previously Pemetrexed Actavis)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004109","lang":"en","text":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of chemotherapy naïve patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma. Non-small cell lung cancer Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the first line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology. Pemetrexed is indicated as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology in patients whose disease has not progressed immediately following platinum-based chemotherapy. Pemetrexed is indicated as monotherapy for the second line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer other than predominantly squamous cell histology.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/armisarte","document_date":"25/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Armisarte (previously Pemetrexed Actavis) — EPAR, 25/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Pemfexy","product_id":"caef07ce-066b-4c48-98dc-974b05ebbbe0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PEMFEXY™ is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated for: in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, for the initial treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. ( 1.1 ) in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ( 1.1 ) as a single agent for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. ( 1.1 ) as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous NSCLC after prior chemotherapy. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use : PEMFEXY is not indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer. ( 1.1 ) in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment, of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer PEMFEXY ™ is indicated: in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, for the initial treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC. as a single agent for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous NSCLC after prior chemotherapy. Limitations of Use : PEMFEXY is not indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell NSCLC [see Clinical Studies 14.1 ]. 1.2 Mesothelioma PEMFEXY is indicated in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=caef07ce-066b-4c48-98dc-974b05ebbbe0","document_date":"20260618","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0262","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pertuzumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pertuzumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1298944","display":"pertuzumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002547","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006583","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pertuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Περτουζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пертузумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пертузумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Perjeta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Poherdy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pertuzumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Perjeta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002547","lang":"en","text":"Metastatic Breast Cancer: Perjeta is indicated for use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel in adult patients with HER2-positive metastatic or locally recurrent unresectable breast cancer, who have not received previous anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for their metastatic disease. Neoadjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer: Perjeta is indicated for use in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for the neoadjuvant treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early stage breast cancer at high risk of recurrence.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/perjeta","document_date":"09/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Perjeta — EPAR, 09/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PERJETA","product_id":"17f85d17-ab71-4f5b-9fe3-0b8c822f69ff","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE PERJETA is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated for: Use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for treatment of adults with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastatic disease. ( 1.1 ) Use in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment of adults with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early stage breast cancer (either greater than 2 cm in diameter or node positive) as part of a complete treatment regimen for early breast cancer. ( 1.2 , 2.2 , 14.2 ) adjuvant treatment of adults with HER2-positive early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence ( 1.2 , 2.2 , 14.3 ) 1.1 Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) PERJETA is indicated for use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel for the treatment of adults with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastatic disease [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . 1.2 Early Breast Cancer (EBC) PERJETA is indicated for use in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for the neoadjuvant treatment of adults with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early stage breast cancer (either greater than 2 cm in diameter or node positive) as part of a complete treatment regimen for early breast cancer [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . the adjuvant treatment of adults with HER2-positive early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Studies (14.3) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=17f85d17-ab71-4f5b-9fe3-0b8c822f69ff","document_date":"20260430","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0263","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"piflufolastat-18f","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/piflufolastat-18f","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005520","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastato (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolasztát (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Piflufolastat (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πιφλουφολαστάτη (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пифлуфоластат (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Піфлуфоластат (18F)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Pylclari"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"piflufolastat (18F)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Pylclari","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005520","lang":"en","text":"This medicinal product is for diagnostic use only. Pylclari is indicated for the detection of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive lesions with positron emission tomography (PET) in adults with prostate cancer (PCa) in the following clinical settings:  Primary staging of patients with high-risk PCa prior to initial curative therapy, To localize recurrence of PCa in patients with a suspected recurrence based on increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after primary treatment with curative intent.  Pylclari is indicated for use with positron emission tomography (PET).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/pylclari","document_date":"09/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Pylclari — EPAR, 09/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0264","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pioglitazone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pioglitazone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"33738","display":"pioglitazone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000285","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002324","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002277","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pioglitazone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pioglitazon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πιογλιταζόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пиоглитазон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Піоглітазон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Actos"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pioglitazone Actavis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pioglitazone Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pioglitazone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Actos","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000285","lang":"en","text":"Pioglitazone is indicated in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus:  as monotherapy:  in patients (particularly overweight patients) inadequately controlled by diet and exercise for whom metformin is inappropriate because of contraindications or intolerance;   as dual oral therapy in combination with:  metformin, in patients (particularly overweight patients) with insufficient glycaemic control despite maximal tolerated dose of monotherapy with metformin; a sulphonylurea, only in patients who show intolerance to metformin or for whom metformin is contraindicated, with insufficient glycaemic control despite maximal tolerated dose of monotherapy with a sulphonylurea;   as triple oral therapy in combination with:  metformin and a sulphonylurea, in patients (particularly overweight patients) with insufficient glycaemic control despite dual oral therapy.    Pioglitazone is also indicated for combination with insulin in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with insufficient glycaemic control on insulin for whom metformin is inappropriate because of contraindications or intolerance.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/actos","document_date":"28/08/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Actos — EPAR, 28/08/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Pioglitazone","product_id":"060e3169-46a7-419d-9acc-05586cb2406b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Pioglitazone tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple clinical settings [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Important Limitations of Use Pioglitazone tablets exert its antihyperglycemic effect only in the presence of endogenous insulin. Pioglitazone tablets should not be used to treat type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings. Use caution in patients with liver disease [see ] . Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione and an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple clinical settings. ( 14) Important Limitations of Use: • Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. ()","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=060e3169-46a7-419d-9acc-05586cb2406b","document_date":"20260817","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0265","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pneumococcal-polysaccharide-conjugate-vaccine-21-valent","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pneumococcal-polysaccharide-conjugate-vaccine-21-valent","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006267","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (21-valent)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vaccin pneumococic polizaharidic conjugat (21-valent)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokokken-Polysaccharid-Konjugatimpfstoff (21-valent)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vaccin pneumococcique polyosidique conjugué (21-valent)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vacuna antineumocócica de polisacáridos conjugada (21-valente)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vaccino pneumococcico polisaccaridico coniugato (21-valente)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vacina pneumocócica polissacarídica conjugada (21-valente)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Szczepionka przeciw pneumokokom polisacharydowa skoniugowana (21-walentna)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokoková polysacharidová konjugovaná vakcína (21valentní)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokoková polysacharidová konjugovaná vakcína (21-valentná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pneumococcus poliszacharid konjugált vakcina (21-valens)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pnömokok polisakkarit konjuge aşı (21 bileşenli)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονιοκοκκικό πολυσακχαριδικό συζευγμένο εμβόλιο (21-δύναμο)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пневмококковая полисахаридная конъюгированная вакцина (21-валентная)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пневмококова полісахаридна кон'югована вакцина (21-валентна)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Capvaxive"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (21-valent)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Capvaxive","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006267","lang":"en","text":"Capvaxive is indicated for active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Capvaxive is indicated for active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years of age and older.   Capvaxive is indicated for active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children and adolescents 2 to less than 18 years of age who previously completed a primary paediatric pneumococcal vaccination regimen. See sections 4.4 and 5.1 for information on protection against specific pneumococcal serotypes.  The use of Capvaxive should be in accordance with official recommendations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/capvaxive","document_date":"01/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Capvaxive — EPAR, 01/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0266","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pneumococcal-polysaccharide-conjugate-vaccine-adsorbed","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pneumococcal-polysaccharide-conjugate-vaccine-adsorbed","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000973","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005477","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed)","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vaccin pneumococic polizaharidic conjugat (adsorbit)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokokken-Polysaccharid-Konjugatimpfstoff (adsorbiert)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vaccin pneumococcique polyosidique conjugué (adsorbé)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vacuna antineumocócica de polisacáridos conjugada (adsorbida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vaccino pneumococcico polisaccaridico coniugato (adsorbito)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vacina pneumocócica polissacarídica conjugada (adsorvida)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Szczepionka przeciw pneumokokom polisacharydowa skoniugowana (adsorbowana)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokoková polysacharidová konjugovaná vakcína (adsorbovaná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pneumokoková polysacharidová konjugovaná vakcína (adsorbovaná)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pneumococcus poliszacharid konjugált vakcina (adszorbeált)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pnömokok polisakkarit konjuge aşı (adsorbe)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πνευμονιοκοκκικό πολυσακχαριδικό συζευγμένο εμβόλιο (προσροφημένο)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пневмококковая полисахаридная конъюгированная вакцина (адсорбированная)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пневмококова полісахаридна кон'югована вакцина (адсорбована)","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Synflorix"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vaxneuvance"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed)","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Synflorix","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000973","lang":"en","text":"Active immunisation against invasive disease and acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants and children from six weeks up to five years of age. See sections 4.4 and 5.1 in product information for information on protection against specific pneumococcal serotypes. The use of Synflorix should be determined on the basis of official recommendations taking into consideration the impact of invasive disease in different age groups as well as the variability of serotype epidemiology in different geographical areas.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/synflorix","document_date":"19/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Synflorix — EPAR, 19/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vaxneuvance","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005477","lang":"en","text":"Vaxneuvance is indicated for active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease, pneumonia and acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants, children and adolescents from 6 weeks to less than 18 years of age. Vaxneuvance is indicated for active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years of age and older. See sections 4.4 and 5.1 for information on protection against specific pneumococcal serotypes. The use of Vaxneuvance should be in accordance with official recommendations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vaxneuvance","document_date":"16/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vaxneuvance — EPAR, 16/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0267","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ponatinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ponatinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1364347","display":"ponatinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002695","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ponatinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ponatynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ponatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πονατινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Понатиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Понатиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Iclusig"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ponatinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Iclusig","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002695","lang":"en","text":"Iclusig is indicated as monotherapy in adult patients with  chronic phase, accelerated phase, or blast phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who are resistant to dasatinib or nilotinib; who are intolerant to dasatinib or nilotinib and for whom subsequent treatment with imatinib is not clinically appropriate; or who have the T315I mutation Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ ALL) who are resistant to dasatinib; who are intolerant to dasatinib and for whom subsequent treatment with imatinib is not clinically appropriate; or who have the T315I mutation.  Iclusig is indicated in combination with reduced-intensity chemotherapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL (see section 5.1).  Iclusig is indicated as monotherapy in paediatric patients 6 years of age or older with  chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CP-CML) who are resistant to dasatinib or nilotinib; who are intolerant to dasatinib or nilotinib and for whom subsequent treatment with imatinib is not clinically appropriate; or who have the T315I mutation.  See sections 4.2 for the assessment of cardiovascular status prior to start of therapy and 4.4 for situations where an alternative treatment may be considered.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/iclusig","document_date":"31/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Iclusig — EPAR, 31/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0268","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"posaconazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/posaconazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"282446","display":"posaconazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000610","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005005","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005028","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Posaconazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Posaconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Posaconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Posaconazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Posaconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Posaconazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Posaconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pozakonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Posakonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Posakonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pozakonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Posakonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ποσακοναζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Позаконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Позаконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Noxafil"},{"lang":"en","text":"Posaconazole Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Posaconazole AHCL"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0043","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0044","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Coccidioidomycosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0046","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"posaconazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Noxafil","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000610","lang":"en","text":"Noxafil concentrate for solution for infusion is indicated for use in the treatment of the following invasive fungal infections in adult and paediatric patients from 2 years of age:   Invasive aspergillosis  Fusariosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B or in patients who are intolerant of amphotericin B;  Chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in patients with disease that is refractory to itraconazole or in patients who are intolerant of itraconazole;  Coccidioidomycosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B, itraconazole or fluconazole or in patients who are intolerant of these medicinal products.    Refractoriness is defined as progression of infection or failure to improve after a minimum of 7 days of prior therapeutic doses of effective antifungal therapy.  Noxafil concentrate for solution for infusion is also indicated for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in adults and paediatric patients from 2 years of age:   Patients receiving remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) expected to result in prolonged neutropenia and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections;   Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who are undergoing high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for graft versus host disease (GVHD) and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections.    Please refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics of Noxafil oral suspension for use in adults with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Noxafil gastro-resistant tablets are indicated for use in the treatment of the following invasive fungal infections in adults and paediatric patients from 2 years of age weighing more than 40 kg:   Invasive aspergillosis  Fusariosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B or in patients who are intolerant of amphotericin B;  Chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in patients with disease that is refractory to itraconazole or in patients who are intolerant of itraconazole;  Coccidioidomycosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B, itraconazole or fluconazole or in patients who are intolerant of these medicinal products.    Refractoriness is defined as progression of infection or failure to improve after a minimum of 7 days of prior therapeutic doses of effective antifungal therapy.   Noxafil gastro-resistant tablets are also indicated for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in adults and paediatric patients from 2 years of age weighing more than 40 kg:   Patients receiving remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) expected to result in prolonged neutropenia and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections;   Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who are undergoing high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for graft versus host disease and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections.    Please refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics of Noxafil oral suspension for use in oropharyngeal candidiasis. Noxafil oral suspension is indicated for use in the treatment of the following fungal infections in adults (see section 5.1):   Invasive aspergillosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B or itraconazole or in patients who are intolerant of these medicinal products;  Fusariosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B or in patients who are intolerant of amphotericin B;  Chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in patients with disease that is refractory to itraconazole or in patients who are intolerant of itraconazole;  Coccidioidomycosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B, itraconazole or fluconazole or in patients who are intolerant of these medicinal products;  Oropharyngeal candidiasis: as first-line therapy in patients who have severe disease or are immunocompromised, in whom response to topical therapy is expected to be poor.   Refractoriness is defined as progression of infection or failure to improve after a minimum of 7 days of prior therapeutic doses of effective antifungal therapy.   Noxafil oral suspension is also indicated for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in the following patients:   Patients receiving remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) expected to result in prolonged neutropenia and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections;   Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who are undergoing high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for graft versus host disease and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections.    Please refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics of Noxafil concentrate for solution for infusion and the gastro-resistant tablets for use in primary treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Noxafil gastro resistant powder and solvent for oral suspension is indicated for use in the treatment of the following invasive fungal infections in paediatric patients from 2 years of age:   Invasive aspergillosis Fusariosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B or in patients who are intolerant of amphotericin B; Chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in patients with disease that is refractory to itraconazole or in patients who are intolerant of itraconazole;  Coccidioidomycosis in patients with disease that is refractory to amphotericin B, itraconazole or fluconazole or in patients who are intolerant of these medicinal products.    Refractoriness is defined as progression of infection or failure to improve after a minimum of 7 days of prior therapeutic doses of effective antifungal therapy.   Noxafil gastro-resistant powder and solvent for oral suspension is indicated for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in the following paediatric patients from 2 years of age:   Patients receiving remission-induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) expected to result in prolonged neutropenia and who are at high  risk of developing invasive fungal infections;   - Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who are undergoing high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for graft versus host disease and who are at high risk of developing invasive fungal infections.  ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/noxafil","document_date":"01/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Noxafil — EPAR, 01/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"posaconazole","product_id":"1ebbd88b-547b-4b49-ab73-98094a2d5a79","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Posaconazole is an azole antifungal indicated as follows: • Posaconazole is indicated for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis as follows: ( 1.1 ) o Posaconazole injection : adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older who weigh 10 kg or greater. • Posaconazole is indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections in patients who are at high risk of developing these infections due to being severely immunocompromised, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or those with hematologic malignancies with prolonged neutropenia from chemotherapy as follows: ( 1.2 ) o Posaconazole injection : adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older who weigh 10 kg or greater. 1.1 Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis Posaconazole injection is indicated for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis as follows : • Posaconazole injection: adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older who weigh 10 kg or greater 1.2 Prophylaxis of Invasive Aspergillus and Candida Infections Posaconazole injection is indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections in patients who are at high risk of developing these infections due to being severely immunocompromised, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or those with hematologic malignancies with prolonged neutropenia from chemotherapy as follows: • Posaconazole injection: adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older who weigh 10 kg or grea ter","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1ebbd88b-547b-4b49-ab73-98094a2d5a79","document_date":"20260715","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0269","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pramipexole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pramipexole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"746741","display":"pramipexole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000133","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000134","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000941","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000940","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pramipexole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pramipeksol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pramipexol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pramipeksol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πραμιπεξόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Прамипексол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Праміпексол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Sifrol"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mirapexin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Oprymea"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pramipexole Teva"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pramipexole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mirapexin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000134","lang":"en","text":"Mirapexin is indicated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, alone (without levodopa) or in combination with levodopa, i.e. over the course of the disease, through to late stages when the effect of levodopa wears off or becomes inconsistent and fluctuations of the therapeutic effect occur (end-of-dose or 'on-off' fluctuations). Mirapexin is indicated for symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe idiopathic restless-legs syndrome in dosages up to 0.54 mg of base (0.75 mg of salt).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mirapexin","document_date":"29/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mirapexin — EPAR, 29/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Sifrol","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000133","lang":"en","text":"Sifrol is indicated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, alone (without levodopa) or in combination with levodopa, i.e. over the course of the disease, though to late stages when the effect of levodopa wears off or becomes inconsistent and fluctuations of the therapeutic effect occur (end-of-dose or 'on-off' fluctuations). Sifrol is indicated for symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe idiopathic restless-legs syndrome in dosages up to 0.54 mg of base (0.75 mg of salt).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/sifrol","document_date":"30/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Sifrol — EPAR, 30/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PRAMIPEXOLE","product_id":"a7405a56-de1c-4875-b57f-210c991474ba","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS & USAGE PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE tablets is a non-ergot dopamine agonist indicated for the treatment of • the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) ( 1.1 ) 1.1 Parkinson's Disease Pramipexole dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a7405a56-de1c-4875-b57f-210c991474ba","document_date":"20161013","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0270","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"prasugrel","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/prasugrel","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"613391","display":"prasugrel"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000984","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004644","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Prasugrel","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Prasugrel","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρασουγρέλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Прасугрел","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Прасугрел","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Efient"},{"lang":"en","text":"Prasugrel Viatris (previously Prasugrel Mylan)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"prasugrel","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Efient","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000984","lang":"en","text":"Efient, co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (i.e. unstable angina, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction [UA / NSTEMI] or ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]) undergoing primary or delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/efient","document_date":"13/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Efient — EPAR, 13/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PRASUGREL","product_id":"f51e64e0-f556-65d0-a876-fb709aaeefea","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Prasugrel tablets is a P2Y 12 platelet inhibitor indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome who are to be managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as follows: Patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) ( 1.1 ). Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when managed with either primary or delayed PCI ( 1.1 ). 1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome Prasugrel tablet is indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are to be managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as follows: Patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when managed with primary or delayed PCI. Prasugrel tablet has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke compared to clopidogrel. The difference between treatments was driven predominantly by MI, with no difference on strokes and little difference on CV death [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f51e64e0-f556-65d0-a876-fb709aaeefea","document_date":"20260408","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0271","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"pregabalin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/pregabalin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"187832","display":"pregabalin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000546","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003880","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004010","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004078","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003900","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004024","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Pregabalin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prégabaline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Pregabalin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρεγκαμπαλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Прегабалин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Прегабалін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"プレガバリン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"프레가발린","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"普瑞巴林","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بريغابالين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रीगैबलिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Lyrica"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pregabalin Viatris Pharma (previously Pregabalin Pfizer)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pregabalin Sandoz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pregabalin Viatris (previously Pregabalin Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pregabalin Zentiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pregabalin Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pregabalin Extended Release"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"pregabalin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Lyrica","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000546","lang":"en","text":"Neuropathic pain  Lyrica is indicated for the treatment of peripheral and central neuropathic pain in adults.  Epilepsy  Lyrica is indicated as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial seizures with or without secondary generalisation.  Generalised anxiety disorder  Lyrica is indicated for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lyrica","document_date":"13/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Lyrica — EPAR, 13/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Pregabalin Viatris Pharma (previously Pregabalin Pfizer)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003880","lang":"en","text":"Neuropathic painPregabalin Viatris Pharma is indicated for the treatment of peripheral and central neuropathic pain in adults. Epilepsy Pregabalin Viatris Pharma is indicated as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial seizures with or without secondary generalisation. Generalised Anxiety Disorder Pregabalin Viatris Pharma is indicated for the treatment of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/pregabalin-viatris-pharma","document_date":"24/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Pregabalin Viatris Pharma (previously Pregabalin Pfizer) — EPAR, 24/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Pregabalin","product_id":"12309847-0857-4ff7-a7e7-edeadc3dfb61","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pregabalin is indicated for: • Management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy • Management of postherpetic neuralgia • Adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older • Management of fibromyalgia • Management of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury Pregabalin is indicated for: Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) ( 1 ) Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ( 1 ) Adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older ( 1 ) Fibromyalgia ( 1 ) Neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=12309847-0857-4ff7-a7e7-edeadc3dfb61","document_date":"20260814","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0272","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"propranolol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/propranolol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"8787","display":"propranolol"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002621","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Propranolol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Propranololo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Propranolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Προπρανολόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Пропранолол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Пропранолол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"プロプラノロール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"프로프라놀롤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"普萘洛尔","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بروبرانولول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रोप्रानोलोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hemangiol"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"propranolol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Hemangiol","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002621","lang":"en","text":"Hemangiol is indicated in the treatment of proliferating infantile haemangioma requiring systemic therapy:  Life- or function-threatening haemangioma, Ulcerated haemangioma with pain and/or lack of response to simple wound care measures, Haemangioma with a risk of permanent scars or disfigurement.  It is to be initiated in infants aged 5 weeks to 5 months.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/hemangiol","document_date":"23/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Hemangiol — EPAR, 23/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"PROPRANOLOL","product_id":"54dd0fad-64ee-788f-e063-6394a90ac88e","lang":"en","text":"Cardiac Arrhythmias Intravenous administration is usually reserved for life-threatening arrhythmias or those occurring under anesthesia. 1. Supraventricular arrhythmias Intravenous propranolol is indicated for the short-term treatment of supraventricular tachycardia, including Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and thyrotoxicosis, to decrease ventricular rate. Use in patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation should be reserved for arrythmias unresponsive to standard therapy or when more prolonged control is required. Reversion to normal sinus rhythm has occasionally been observed, predominantly in patients with sinus or atrial tachycardia. 2. Ventricular tachycardias With the exception of those induced by catecholamines or digitalis, propranolol is not the drug of first choice. In critical situations when cardioversion techniques or other drugs are not indicated or are not effective, propranolol may be considered. If, after consideration of the risks involved, propranolol is used, it should be given intravenously in low dosage and very slowly, as the failing heart requires some sympathetic drive for maintenance of myocardial tone (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Some patients may respond with complete reversion to normal sinus rhythm, but reduction in ventricular rate is more likely. Ventricular arrhythmias do not respond to propranolol as predictably as do the supraventricular arrhythmias. Intravenous propranolol is indicated for the treatment of persistent premature ventricular extrasystoles that impair the well-being of the patient and do not respond to conventional measures. 3. Tachyarrhythmias of digitalis intoxication Intravenous propranolol is indicated to control ventricular rate in life-threatening digitalis-induced arrhythmias. Severe bradycardia may occur (see OVERDOSAGE). 4. Resistant tachyarrhythmias due to excessive catecholamine action during anesthesia Intravenous propranolol is indicated to abolish tachyarrhythmias due to excessive catecholamine action during anesthesia when other measures fail. These arrhythmias may arise because of release of endogenous catecholamines or administration of catecholamines. All general inhalation anesthetics produce some degree of myocardial depression. Therefore, when propranolol is used to treat arrhythmias during anesthesia, it should be used with extreme caution, usually with constant monitoring of the ECG and central venous pressure (see WARNINGS).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=54dd0fad-64ee-788f-e063-6394a90ac88e","document_date":"20260622","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0273","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"radium-ra223-dichloride","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/radium-ra223-dichloride","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002653","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Radium Ra223 dichloride","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Diclorură de radiu (Ra 223)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Radium-223-dichlorid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Dichlorure de radium (223Ra)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Dicloruro de radio (Ra 223)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Radio-223 dicloruro","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Dicloreto de rádio (Ra-223)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Dichlorek radu Ra 223","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Radium-223-dichlorid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rádium-223-dichlorid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rádium-223-diklorid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Radyum-223 diklorür","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διχλωριούχο ράδιο (Ra-223)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Радия хлорид [223Ra]","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Радію хлорид [223Ra]","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xofigo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"radium Ra223 dichloride","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xofigo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002653","lang":"en","text":"Xofigo is indicated for the treatment of adults with castration-resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastases.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xofigo","document_date":"30/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xofigo — EPAR, 30/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0274","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"raltegravir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/raltegravir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"719872","display":"raltegravir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000860","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Raltegravir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Raltégravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Raltegrawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Raltegravir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ραλτεγκραβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ралтегравир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ралтегравір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Isentress"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"raltegravir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Isentress","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000860","lang":"en","text":"Isentress is indicated in combination with other anti-retroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1) infection.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/isentress","document_date":"17/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Isentress — EPAR, 17/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ISENTRESS","product_id":"46ef8e2e-ae63-6a3c-e054-00144ff8d46c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ISENTRESS® is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in patients 4 weeks of age and older. The use of other active agents with ISENTRESS is associated with a greater likelihood of treatment response [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . ISENTRESS is a human immunodeficiency virus integrase strand transfer inhibitor (HIV-1 INSTI) indicated: In combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients 4 weeks of age and older ( 1 ). The use of other active agents with ISENTRESS is associated with a greater likelihood of treatment response ( 14 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=46ef8e2e-ae63-6a3c-e054-00144ff8d46c","document_date":"20260713","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0275","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ramucirumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ramucirumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1535922","display":"ramucirumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002829","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ramucyrumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ramucirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ramusirumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ραμουσιρουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рамуцирумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рамуцирумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cyramza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0057","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ramucirumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cyramza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002829","lang":"en","text":"Gastric cancer Cyramza in combination with paclitaxel is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced gastric cancer or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with disease progression after prior platinum and fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Cyramza monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced gastric cancer or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with disease progression after prior platinum or fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, for whom treatment in combination with paclitaxel is not appropriate. Colorectal cancer Cyramza, in combination with FOLFIRI (irinotecan, folinic acid, and 5?fluorouracil), is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with disease progression on or after prior therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin and a fluoropyrimidine. Non-small cell lung cancer Cyramza in combination with docetaxel is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with disease progression after platinum-based chemotherapy. Hepatocellular carcinoma Cyramza monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who have a serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) of ? 400 ng/ml and who have been previously treated with sorafenib.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cyramza","document_date":"16/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cyramza — EPAR, 16/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CYRAMZA","product_id":"c6080942-dee6-423e-b688-1272c2ae90d4","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CYRAMZA ® is a human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antagonist indicated: as a single agent or in combination with paclitaxel, for treatment of adults with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma with disease progression on or after prior fluoropyrimidine- or platinum-containing chemotherapy. ( 1.1 ) in combination with erlotinib, for first-line treatment of adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) mutations. ( 1.2 ) in combination with docetaxel, for treatment of adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving CYRAMZA. ( 1.2 ) in combination with FOLFIRI, for the treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer with disease progression on or after prior therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine. ( 1.3 ) as a single agent, for the treatment of adults with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who have an alpha fetoprotein of ≥400 ng/mL and have been treated with sorafenib. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Gastric Cancer CYRAMZA ® , as a single agent or in combination with paclitaxel, is indicated for the treatment of adults with advanced or metastatic, gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma with disease progression on or after prior fluoropyrimidine- or platinum-containing chemotherapy. 1.2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer CYRAMZA, in combination with erlotinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations. CYRAMZA, in combination with docetaxel, is indicated for the treatment of adults with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving CYRAMZA. 1.3 Colorectal Cancer CYRAMZA, in combination with FOLFIRI (irinotecan, folinic acid, and fluorouracil), is indicated for the treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with disease progression on or after prior therapy with bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and a fluoropyrimidine. 1.4 Hepatocellular Carcinoma CYRAMZA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adults with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have an alpha fetoprotein (AFP) of ≥400 ng/mL and have been treated with sorafenib.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c6080942-dee6-423e-b688-1272c2ae90d4","document_date":"20260609","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0276","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ranolazine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ranolazine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"35829","display":"ranolazine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000805","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ranolazine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ranolazin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρανολαζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ранолазин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ранолазин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ranexa (previously Latixa)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0245","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Angina Pectoris — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ranolazine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ranexa (previously Latixa)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000805","lang":"en","text":"Ranexa is indicated as add-on therapy for the symptomatic treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris who are inadequately controlled or intolerant to first-line anti-anginal therapies (such as beta-blockers and / or calcium antagonists).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ranexa","document_date":"10/04/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ranexa (previously Latixa) — EPAR, 10/04/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Ranolazine","product_id":"90c5a0c2-542c-467e-9c0c-ef320534c560","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ranolazine extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic angina. Ranolazine extended-release tablets may be used with beta-blockers, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, anti-platelet therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Ranolazine is an antianginal indicated for the treatment of chronic angina. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=90c5a0c2-542c-467e-9c0c-ef320534c560","document_date":"20260819","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0277","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rasagiline","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rasagiline","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"134748","display":"rasagiline"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000574","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003957","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004064","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rasagiline","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rasagiline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Raszagilin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rasagilin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρασαγιλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Разагилин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Разагілін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Azilect"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rasagiline ratiopharm"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rasagiline Viatris (previously Rasagiline Mylan)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rasagiline","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Azilect","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000574","lang":"en","text":"Azilect is indicated for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) as monotherapy (without levodopa) or as adjunct therapy (with levodopa) in patients with end-of-dose fluctuations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/azilect","document_date":"08/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Azilect — EPAR, 08/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rasagiline ratiopharm","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003957","lang":"en","text":"Rasagiline ratiopharm is indicated for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) as monotherapy (without levodopa) or as adjunct therapy (with levodopa) in patients with end of dose fluctuations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rasagiline-ratiopharm","document_date":"09/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rasagiline ratiopharm — EPAR, 09/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rasagiline","product_id":"9bf059f4-4da8-48fe-aacb-c50717d36606","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Rasagiline tablets are indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rasagiline tablets, a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor (MAOI), is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9bf059f4-4da8-48fe-aacb-c50717d36606","document_date":"20260826","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0278","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"regorafenib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/regorafenib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1312397","display":"regorafenib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002573","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Regorafenib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Régorafénib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Regorafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρεγκοραφενίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Регорафениб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Регорафеніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Stivarga"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"regorafenib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Stivarga","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002573","lang":"en","text":"Stivarga is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with:  metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who have been previously treated with, or are not considered candidates for, available therapies - these include fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy and an anti-EGFR therapy; unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) who progressed on or are intolerant to prior treatment with imatinib and sunitinib; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/stivarga","document_date":"24/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Stivarga — EPAR, 24/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Stivarga","product_id":"824f19c9-0546-4a8a-8d8f-c4055c04f7c7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE STIVARGA is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with: • Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy, and, if RAS wild-type, an anti-EGFR therapy. ( 1.1 ) • Locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who have been previously treated with imatinib mesylate and sunitinib malate. ( 1.2 ) • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Colorectal Cancer STIVARGA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who have been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, an anti-VEGF therapy, and, if RAS wild-type, an anti-EGFR therapy. 1.2 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors STIVARGA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who have been previously treated with imatinib mesylate and sunitinib malate. 1.3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma STIVARGA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=824f19c9-0546-4a8a-8d8f-c4055c04f7c7","document_date":"20260209","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0279","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"relugolix","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/relugolix","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2472778","display":"relugolix"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005353","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Relugolix","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rélugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Relugoliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Relugolix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Relugoliks","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρελουγκολίξη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Релуголикс","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Релуголікс","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Orgovyx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0088","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"relugolix","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Orgovyx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005353","lang":"en","text":"Orgovyx is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/orgovyx","document_date":"02/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Orgovyx — EPAR, 02/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Orgovyx","product_id":"077a92f6-9f1b-479a-87c7-c92b5db6aa9c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ORGOVYX is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced prostate cancer. ORGOVYX is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced prostate cancer ( 1 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=077a92f6-9f1b-479a-87c7-c92b5db6aa9c","document_date":"20251010","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0280","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"repaglinide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/repaglinide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"73044","display":"repaglinide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000187","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000362","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001067","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001065","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001066","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Repaglinide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Répaglinide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Repaglinid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρεπαγλινίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Репаглинид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Репаглінід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"NovoNorm"},{"lang":"en","text":"Prandin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Repaglinide Teva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Enyglid"},{"lang":"en","text":"Repaglinide Krka"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"repaglinide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"NovoNorm","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000187","lang":"en","text":"Repaglinide is indicated in patients with type-2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)) whose hyperglycaemia can no longer be controlled satisfactorily by diet, weight reduction and exercise. Repaglinide is also indicated in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes patients who are not satisfactorily controlled on metformin alone. Treatment should be initiated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in relation to meals.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/novonorm","document_date":"28/09/2017","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NovoNorm — EPAR, 28/09/2017. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Prandin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000362","lang":"en","text":"Repaglinide is indicated in patients with type-2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)) whose hyperglycaemia can no longer be controlled satisfactorily by diet, weight reduction and exercise. Repaglinide is also indicated in combination with metformin in type-2 diabetes patients who are not satisfactorily controlled on metformin alone. Treatment should be initiated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in relation to meals.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/prandin","document_date":"14/05/2018","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Prandin — EPAR, 14/05/2018. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Repaglinide","product_id":"6ae28683-28cc-408e-90f9-6a3dddfc668d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Repaglinide tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limitation of Use: Repaglinide tablets should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Repaglinide tablets are a glinide indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1) Limitation of Use : Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6ae28683-28cc-408e-90f9-6a3dddfc668d","document_date":"20251104","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0281","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"reslizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/reslizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1746889","display":"reslizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003912","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Reslizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Reszlizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Reslizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρεσλιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Реслизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Реслізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cinqaero"},{"lang":"en","text":"CINQAIR"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"reslizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cinqaero","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003912","lang":"en","text":"Cinqaero is indicated as add-on therapy in adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma inadequately controlled despite high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus another medicinal product for maintenance treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cinqaero","document_date":"11/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cinqaero — EPAR, 11/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CINQAIR","product_id":"053b9158-2a5b-48b9-bf47-5fa78a35ec33","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CINQAIR ® is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 18 years and older with an eosinophilic phenotype [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Limitation of Use: CINQAIR is not indicated for treatment of other eosinophilic conditions. CINQAIR is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . CINQAIR is an interleukin-5 antagonist monoclonal antibody (IgG4 kappa) indicated for add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 18 years and older, and with an eosinophilic phenotype ( 1 ). Limitations of Use : CINQAIR is not indicated for: treatment of other eosinophilic conditions ( 1 ) relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=053b9158-2a5b-48b9-bf47-5fa78a35ec33","document_date":"20200229","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0282","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"resmetirom","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/resmetirom","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2677894","display":"resmetirom"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006220","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Resmetirom","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Resmétirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Resmetyrom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Reszmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Resmetirom","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρεσμετιρόμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ресметиром","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ресметиром","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rezdiffra"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"resmetirom","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rezdiffra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006220","lang":"en","text":"Rezdiffra is indicated in conjunction with diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (fibrosis stages F2 to F3).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rezdiffra","document_date":"27/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rezdiffra — EPAR, 27/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"REZDIFFRA","product_id":"e67ea09f-a840-439c-86c8-f98585f978b2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE REZDIFFRA ® is indicated in conjunction with diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (consistent with stages F2 to F3 fibrosis). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on improvement of MASH and fibrosis [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. Limitations of Use Avoid use of REZDIFFRA in patients with decompensated cirrhosis [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . REZDIFFRA ® is a thyroid hormone receptor-beta (THR-beta) agonist indicated in conjunction with diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with noncirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (consistent with stages F2 to F3 fibrosis). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on improvement of MASH and fibrosis. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. (1) Limitations of Use Avoid use of REZDIFFRA in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e67ea09f-a840-439c-86c8-f98585f978b2","document_date":"20260729","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0283","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rezafungin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rezafungin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2639155","display":"rezafungin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005900","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rezafungin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rézafungine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rezafungin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρεζαφουγκίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Резафунгин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Резафунгін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rezzayo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rezafungin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rezzayo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005900","lang":"en","text":"Rezzayo is indicated for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in adults. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antifungal agents.  ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rezzayo","document_date":"15/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rezzayo — EPAR, 15/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"REZZAYO","product_id":"90073508-6dca-4d27-aa5a-ed837737c35b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE REZZAYO is an echinocandin antifungal indicated in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who have limited or no alternative options for the treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis. Approval of this indication is based on limited clinical safety and efficacy data for REZZAYO. ( 1 , 12.4 , 14 ) Limitations of Use REZZAYO has not been studied in patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis due to Candida. ( 1 ) 1.1 Treatment of Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis REZZAYO is indicated in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who have limited or no alternative options for the treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis [see Microbiology ( 12.4 )] . Approval of this indication is based on limited clinical safety and efficacy data for REZZAYO [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Limitations of Use REZZAYO has not been studied in patients with endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis due to Candida . 1.2 Usage Specimens for culture and other laboratory data (e.g., histopathology, non-culture diagnostics) should be obtained prior to initiating antifungal therapy. Therapy may be initiated before the results of the cultures and other laboratory tests are known. However, once these results become available, antifungal therapy should be adjusted accordingly.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=90073508-6dca-4d27-aa5a-ed837737c35b","document_date":"20260701","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0284","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ribociclib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ribociclib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1873916","display":"ribociclib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004213","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ribociclib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ribociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ribociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ribociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ribociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ribociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ribociclib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rybocyklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ribociklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ribociklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ribociklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ribosiklib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριμποσικλίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рибоциклиб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рибоцикліб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kisqali"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ribociclib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kisqali","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004213","lang":"en","text":"Early breast cancer  Kisqali in combination with an aromatase inhibitor is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence (see section 5.1 for selection criteria). In pre- or perimenopausal women, or in men, the aromatase inhibitor should be combined with a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.  Advanced or metastatic breast cancer  Kisqali is indicated for the treatment of women with HR-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant as initial endocrine-based therapy, or in women who have received prior endocrine therapy. In pre- or perimenopausal women, the endocrine therapy should be combined with a LHRH agonist.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kisqali","document_date":"19/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kisqali — EPAR, 19/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"KISQALI","product_id":"aaeaef94-f3f5-4367-8ea2-b181d7be2da8","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE KISQALI is a kinase inhibitor indicated: in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the adjuvant treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative stage II and III early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. ( 1 ) for the treatment of adults with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy; or fulvestrant as initial endocrine-based therapy or following disease progression on endocrine therapy. ( 1 ) 1.1 Early Breast Cancer KISQALI is indicated in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the adjuvant treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative stage II and III early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence. 1.2 Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer KISQALI is indicated for the treatment of adults with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with: an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy; or fulvestrant as initial endocrine-based therapy or following disease progression on endocrine therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=aaeaef94-f3f5-4367-8ea2-b181d7be2da8","document_date":"20260701","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0285","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rilpivirine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rilpivirine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1102270","display":"rilpivirine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002264","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005060","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rilpivirine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rylpiwiryna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rilpivirin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριλπιβιρίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рилпивирин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рилпівірин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Edurant"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rekambys"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rilpivirine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Edurant","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002264","lang":"en","text":"EDURANT, in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products, is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection in paediatric patients 2 to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 14 kg to less than 25 kg without known mutations associated with resistance to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) class, and with a viral load ≤ 100,000 HIV 1 RNA copies/ml (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).Genotypic resistance testing should guide the use of EDURANT (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).EDURANT, in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products, is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection in adults and paediatric patients weighing at least 25 kg without known mutations associated with resistance to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) class, and with a viral load ≤ 100,000 HIV 1 RNA copies/ml (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).Genotypic resistance testing should guide the use of EDURANT (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/edurant","document_date":"11/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Edurant — EPAR, 11/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rekambys","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005060","lang":"en","text":"REKAMBYS is indicated, in combination with cabotegravir injection, for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) infection in adults and adolescents (at least 12 years of age and weighing at least 35 kg) who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen without present or past evidence of viral resistance to, and no prior virological failure with, agents of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and integrase inhibitor (INI) class.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rekambys","document_date":"04/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rekambys — EPAR, 04/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rilpivirine","product_id":"dadbf50d-6b7d-4fb5-bd9f-7769b048e764","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Rilpivirine tablets are a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) specific, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naïve patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 35 kg with HIV-1 RNA less than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL. ( 1.1 ). Limitations of Use: • More rilpivirine treated subjects with HIV-1 RNA greater than 100,000 copies/mL at the start of therapy experienced virologic failure (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL) compared to rilpivirine treated subjects with HIV-1 RNA less than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL. ( 1.1 , 14 ) Rilpivirine tablets are indicated in combination with VOCABRIA (cabotegravir), for short-term treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents 12 years and older and weighing at least 35 kg who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL) on a stable regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either cabotegravir or rilpivirine. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Treatment of HIV-1 in Treatment-Naïve Patients Rilpivirine tablets, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, are indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 35 kg with plasma HIV-1 RNA less than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL at the start of therapy. Limitations of Use • More rilpivirine treated subjects with HIV-1 RNA greater than 100,000 copies/mL at the start of therapy experienced virologic failure (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL) compared to rilpivirine treated subjects with HIV-1 RNA less than or equal to 100,000 copies/mL [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. Additional pediatric use information is approved for Janssen Products LP's Edurant (Rilpivirine) tablets. However, due to Janssen Products LP's marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 1.2 Treatment of HIV-1 in Combination with Cabotegravir Rilpivirine tablets are indicated in combination with VOCABRIA (cabotegravir) for short-term treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents 12 years and older and weighing at least 35 kg who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either cabotegravir or rilpivirine, for use as [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ] : • oral lead-in to assess the tolerability of rilpivirine prior to administration of rilpivirine extended-release injectable suspension, a component of CABENUVA (cabotegravir extended- release injectable suspension; rilpivirine extended-release injectable suspension). • oral therapy for patients who will miss planned injection dosing with CABENUVA (cabotegravir extended-release injectable suspension; rilpivirine extended-release injectable suspension).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=dadbf50d-6b7d-4fb5-bd9f-7769b048e764","document_date":"20260715","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0286","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rimegepant","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rimegepant","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2282307","display":"rimegepant"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005725","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rimegepant","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rimégépant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepante","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rimegepant","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριμεγκεπάντη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Римегепант","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Римегепант","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vydura"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0209","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Migraine Disorders — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rimegepant","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vydura","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005725","lang":"en","text":"Vydura is indicated for the  Acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults; Preventative treatment of episodic migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine attacks per month.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vydura","document_date":"26/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vydura — EPAR, 26/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0287","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"risankizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/risankizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2166040","display":"risankizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004759","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Risankizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Risancizumabe","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ryzankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rizankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Risankizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρισανκιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рисанкизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рисанкізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Skyrizi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"risankizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Skyrizi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004759","lang":"en","text":"Adult plaque psoriasis  Skyrizi is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Paediatric plaque psoriasis  Skyrizi is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from the age of 6 years who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Psoriatic Arthritis  Skyrizi, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adults who have had an inadequate response or who have been intolerant to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).  Crohn’s disease  Skyrizi is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease who have had an inadequate response to, lost response to, or were intolerant to conventional therapy or a biologic therapy.  Ulcerative colitis  Skyrizi is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response to, lost response to, or were intolerant to conventional therapy or a biologic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/skyrizi","document_date":"26/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Skyrizi — EPAR, 26/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0288","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"risdiplam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/risdiplam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2390935","display":"risdiplam"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005145","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Risdiplam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rysdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Riszdiplám","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Risdiplam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρισντιπλάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рисдиплам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рисдиплам","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Evrysdi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0201","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Muscular Atrophy, Spinal — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"risdiplam","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Evrysdi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005145","lang":"en","text":"Evrysdi is indicated for the treatment of 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of SMA Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3 or with one to four SMN2 copies.  ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/evrysdi","document_date":"21/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Evrysdi — EPAR, 21/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0289","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"risperidone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/risperidone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"35636","display":"risperidone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005406","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Risperidone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Risperidonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Risperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rispéridone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Risperidona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Risperidone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Risperidona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rysperydon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Risperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Risperidón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Riszperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Risperidon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρισπεριδόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рисперидон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рисперидон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リスペリドン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"리스페리돈","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"利培酮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ريسبيريدون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रिस्पेरिडोन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Okedi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0176","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Schizophrenia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"risperidone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Okedi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005406","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of schizophrenia in adults for whom tolerability and effectiveness has been established with oral risperidone.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/okedi","document_date":"14/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Okedi — EPAR, 14/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Risperidone","product_id":"1f47ec91-602f-4fba-8f7e-a5698760b655","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: • Treatment of schizophrenia ( 1.1 ) • As monotherapy or adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate, for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder ( 1.2 ) • Treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Schizophrenia Risperidone is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Efficacy was established in 4 short-term trials in adults, 2 short-term trials in adolescents (ages 13 to 17 years), and one long-term maintenance trial in adults [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . 1.2 Bipolar Mania Monotherapy Risperidone is indicated for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder. Efficacy was established in 2 short-term trials in adults and one short-term trial in children and adolescents (ages 10 to 17 years) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Adjunctive Therapy Risperidone adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate is indicated for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder. Efficacy was established in one short-term trial in adults [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )] . 1.3 Irritability Associated with Autistic Disorder Risperidone is indicated for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder, including symptoms of aggression towards others, deliberate self-injuriousness, temper tantrums, and quickly changing moods. Efficacy was established in 3 short-term trials in children and adolescents (ages 5 to 17 years) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.4 )] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1f47ec91-602f-4fba-8f7e-a5698760b655","document_date":"20260626","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0290","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ritonavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ritonavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"85762","display":"ritonavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000127","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004549","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ritonavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rytonawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ritonavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριτοναβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ритонавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ритонавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Norvir"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ritonavir Viatris (previously Ritonavir Mylan)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ritonavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Norvir","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000127","lang":"en","text":"Ritonavir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients (adults and children of two years of age and older).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/norvir","document_date":"07/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Norvir — EPAR, 07/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Ritonavir","product_id":"a32cb2e3-d4e5-4bbf-9d88-20b2b249e779","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ritonavir tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Ritonavir tablets are HIV protease inhibitors indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a32cb2e3-d4e5-4bbf-9d88-20b2b249e779","document_date":"20260806","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0291","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rituximab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rituximab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"121191","display":"rituximab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000165","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004112","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004729","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003903","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004723","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004696","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006224","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rituximab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rytuksymab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rituksimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριτουξιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ритуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ритуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リツキシマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"리툭시맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"利妥昔单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ريتوكسيماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रिटक्सिमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"MabThera"},{"lang":"en","text":"Truxima"},{"lang":"en","text":"Riximyo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rixathon"},{"lang":"en","text":"Blitzima"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ruxience"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ituxredi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rituxan"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rituximab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"MabThera","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000165","lang":"en","text":"MabThera is indicated in adults for the following indications: Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) MabThera is indicated for the treatment of previously untreated adult patients with stage III?IV follicular lymphoma in combination with chemotherapy. MabThera maintenance therapy is indicated for the treatment of adult follicular lymphoma patients responding to induction therapy. MabThera monotherapy is indicated for treatment of adult patients with stage III?IV follicular lymphoma who are chemoresistant or are in their second or subsequent relapse after chemotherapy. MabThera is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with CD20 positive diffuse large B cell non?Hodgkin’s lymphoma in combination with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) chemotherapy. MabThera in combination with chemotherapy is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients (aged ? 6 months  to < 18 years old) with previously untreated advanced stage CD20 positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL)/Burkitt leukaemia (mature B-cell acute leukaemia) (BAL) or Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL). Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) MabThera in combination with chemotherapy is indicated for the treatment of patients with previously untreated and relapsed/refractory CLL. Only limited data are available on efficacy and safety for patients previously treated with monoclonal antibodies including MabThera or patients refractory to previous MabThera plus chemotherapy. Rheumatoid arthritis MabThera in combination with methotrexate is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with severe active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to other disease?modifying anti?rheumatic drugs (DMARD) including one or more tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapies. MabThera has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X?ray and to improve physical function, when given in combination with methotrexate. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis MabThera, in combination with glucocorticoids, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with severe, active granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). MabThera, in combination with glucocorticoids, is indicated for the induction of remission in paediatric patients (aged ? 2 to < 18 years old) with severe, active GPA (Wegener’s) and MPA. Pemphigus vulgaris MabThera is indicated for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris (PV).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mabthera","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), MabThera — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rituxan","product_id":"b172773b-3905-4a1c-ad95-bab4b6126563","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RITUXAN is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) ( 1.1 ). Relapsed or refractory, low grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell NHL as a single agent. Previously untreated follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL in combination with first line chemotherapy and, in patients achieving a complete or partial response to a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy, as single-agent maintenance therapy. Non-progressing (including stable disease), low-grade, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL as a single agent after first-line cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) chemotherapy. Previously untreated diffuse large B-cell, CD20-positive NHL in combination with (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) (CHOP) or other anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens. Pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with mature B-cell NHL and mature B-cell acute leukemia (B-AL) ( 1.1 ) Previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) or mature B-cell acute leukemia (B-AL) in combination with chemotherapy. Adult patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) ( 1.2 ). Previously untreated and previously treated CD20-positive CLL in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC). Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in combination with methotrexate in adult patients with moderately-to severely-active RA who have inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonist therapies ( 1.3 ). Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older in combination with glucocorticoids ( 1.4 ). Moderate to severe Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) in adult patients ( 1.5 ). 1.1 Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) RITUXAN is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with: Relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL as a single agent. Previously untreated follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL in combination with first line chemotherapy and, in patients achieving a complete or partial response to a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy, as single-agent maintenance therapy. Non-progressing (including stable disease), low-grade, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL as a single agent after first-line cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) chemotherapy. Previously untreated diffuse large B-cell, CD20-positive NHL in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) or other anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens. RITUXAN is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with: Previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) or mature B-cell acute leukemia (B-AL) in combination with chemotherapy. 1.2 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) RITUXAN, in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC), is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated and previously treated CD20-positive CLL. 1.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) RITUXAN, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately- to severely-active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonist therapies. 1.4 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) RITUXAN, in combination with glucocorticoids, is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener's Granulomatosis) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA). 1.5 Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) RITUXAN is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b172773b-3905-4a1c-ad95-bab4b6126563","document_date":"20250106","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0292","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rivaroxaban","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rivaroxaban","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1114195","display":"rivaroxaban"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000944","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005279","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005600","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006643","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rivaroxaban","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxabán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxabano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rywaroksaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxabán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroxabán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rivaroksaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριβαροξαβάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ривароксабан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ривароксабан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"リバーロキサバン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"리바록사반","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"利伐沙班","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ريفاروكسابان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रिवेरोक्साबैन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xarelto"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivaroxaban Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivaroxaban Viatris (previously Rivaroxaban Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Svariya (previously Rivaroxaban Koanaa)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0251","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Pulmonary Embolism — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rivaroxaban","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xarelto","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000944","lang":"en","text":"Xarelto, co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alone or with ASA plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine, is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with elevated cardiac biomarkers. Xarelto, co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) at high risk of ischaemic events. Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery. Treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and prevention of recurrent DVT and PE in adults. Adults Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with one or more risk factors, such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ? 75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Paediatric population  Treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention of VTE recurrence in children and adolescents aged less than 18 years and weighing from 30 kg to 50 kg after at least 5 days of initial parenteral anticoagulation treatment. Paediatric population  Treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention of VTE recurrence in children and adolescents aged less than 18 years and weighing more than 50 kg after at least 5 days of initial parenteral anticoagulation treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xarelto","document_date":"22/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xarelto — EPAR, 22/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Xarelto","product_id":"10db92f9-2300-4a80-836b-673e1ae91610","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XARELTO is a factor Xa inhibitor indicated: to reduce risk of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ( 1.1 ) for treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ( 1.2 ) for treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) ( 1.3 ) for reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT or PE ( 1.4 ) for the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery ( 1.5 ) for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acutely ill medical patients ( 1.6 ) to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) ( 1.7 ) to reduce the risk of major thrombotic vascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), including patients after recent lower extremity revascularization due to symptomatic PAD ( 1.8 ) for treatment of VTE and reduction in the risk of recurrent VTE in pediatric patients from birth to less than 18 years ( 1.9 ) for thromboprophylaxis in pediatric patients 2 years and older with congenital heart disease after the Fontan procedure ( 1.10 ) 1.1 Reduction of Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation XARELTO is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. There are limited data on the relative effectiveness of XARELTO and warfarin in reducing the risk of stroke and systemic embolism when warfarin therapy is well-controlled [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. 1.2 Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis XARELTO is indicated for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 1.3 Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism XARELTO is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). 1.4 Reduction in the Risk of Recurrence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and/or Pulmonary Embolism XARELTO is indicated for the reduction in the risk of recurrence of DVT and/or PE in adult patients at continued risk for recurrent DVT and/or PE after completion of initial treatment lasting at least 6 months. 1.5 Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery XARELTO is indicated for the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PE in adult patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery. 1.6 Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely Ill Medical Patients at Risk for Thromboembolic Complications Not at High Risk of Bleeding XARELTO is indicated for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE related death during hospitalization and post hospital discharge in adult patients admitted for an acute medical illness who are at risk for thromboembolic complications due to moderate or severe restricted mobility and other risk factors for VTE and not at high risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Clinical Studies (14.5) ] . 1.7 Reduction of Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) XARELTO, in combination with aspirin, is indicated to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) in adult patients with coronary artery disease. 1.8 Reduction of Risk of Major Thrombotic Vascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), Including Patients after Lower Extremity Revascularization due to Symptomatic PAD XARELTO, in combination with aspirin, is indicated to reduce the risk of major thrombotic vascular events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute limb ischemia, and major amputation of a vascular etiology) in adult patients with PAD, including patients who have recently undergone a lower extremity revascularization procedure due to symptomatic PAD. 1.9 Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism and Reduction in Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatric Patients XARELTO is indicated for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the reduction in the risk of recurrent VTE in pediatric patients from birth to less than 18 years after at least 5 days of initial parenteral anticoagulant treatment. 1.10 Thromboprophylaxis in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease after the Fontan Procedure XARELTO is indicated for thromboprophylaxis in pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with congenital heart disease who have undergone the Fontan procedure.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=10db92f9-2300-4a80-836b-673e1ae91610","document_date":"20260910","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0293","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rivastigmine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rivastigmine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"183379","display":"rivastigmine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000169","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000255","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001183","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001181","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001182","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001029","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002036","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rivastigmine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rywastygmina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rivasztigmin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rivastigmin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ριβαστιγμίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ривастигмин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ривастигмін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Exelon"},{"lang":"en","text":"Prometax"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivastigmine Sandoz"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivastigmine 1 A Pharma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivastigmine Hexal"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nimvastid"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivastigmine Actavis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rivastigmine Transdermal System"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0206","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rivastigmine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Exelon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000169","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/exelon","document_date":"24/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Exelon — EPAR, 24/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Prometax","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000255","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/prometax","document_date":"15/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Prometax — EPAR, 15/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rivastigmine 1 A Pharma","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001181","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rivastigmine-1-pharma","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rivastigmine 1 A Pharma — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rivastigmine Hexal","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001182","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rivastigmine-hexal","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rivastigmine Hexal — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rivastigmine Sandoz","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001183","lang":"en","text":"Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's dementia. Symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rivastigmine-sandoz","document_date":"20/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rivastigmine Sandoz — EPAR, 20/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rivastigmine","product_id":"8b809739-8381-4cc1-ab4a-5b17ab902a3d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Rivastigmine transdermal system is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor indicated for treatment of: Mild, moderate, and severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD) ( 1.1 ) Mild-to-moderate dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Alzheimer’s Disease Rivastigmine transdermal system is indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD). Efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer's disease. 1.2 Parkinson’s Disease Dementia Rivastigmine transdermal system is indicated for the treatment of mild-to-moderate dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PDD).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8b809739-8381-4cc1-ab4a-5b17ab902a3d","document_date":"20251114","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0294","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"roflumilast","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/roflumilast","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1091836","display":"roflumilast"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001179","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Roflumilast","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilaste","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilaszt","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Roflumilast","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ροφλουμιλάστη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рофлумиласт","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рофлуміласт","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Daxas"},{"lang":"en","text":"Daliresp"},{"lang":"en","text":"ZORYVE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"roflumilast","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Daxas","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001179","lang":"en","text":"Daxas is indicated for maintenance treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1 post-bronchodilator less than 50% predicted) associated with chronic bronchitis in adult patients with a history of frequent exacerbations as add-on to bronchodilator treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/daxas","document_date":"25/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Daxas — EPAR, 25/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ROFLUMILAST","product_id":"cb3781ff-5350-4f9a-b247-0b04eb0f2b92","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Roflumilast tablets are indicated as a treatment to reduce the risk of COPD exacerbations in patients with severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. Limitations of Use Roflumilast tablets are not a bronchodilator and are not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm. Roflumilast tablets 250 mcg is a starting dose, for the first 4 weeks of treatment only and is not the effective (therapeutic) dose. Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor indicated as a treatment to reduce the risk of COPD exacerbations in patients with severe COPD associated with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. ( 1 , 14 ) Limitations of Use: Roflumilast tablets are not a bronchodilator and are not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm. ( 1 , 14 ) Roflumilast tablets 250 mcg is a starting dose, for the first 4 weeks of treatment only and is not the effective (therapeutic) dose. ( 2 , 14 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=cb3781ff-5350-4f9a-b247-0b04eb0f2b92","document_date":"20260901","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0295","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"romosozumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/romosozumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2123126","display":"romosozumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004465","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Romosozumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Romoszozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Romosozumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρομοσοζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ромосозумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ромосозумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Evenity"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0392","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Osteoporosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"romosozumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Evenity","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004465","lang":"en","text":"Evenity is indicated in treatment of severe osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/evenity","document_date":"09/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Evenity — EPAR, 09/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0296","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rotigotine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rotigotine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"616739","display":"rotigotine"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000626","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rotigotine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rotygotyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rotigotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ροτιγοτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ротиготин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ротиготин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Neupro"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rotigotine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Neupro","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000626","lang":"en","text":"Parkinson's disease: Neupro is indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of early-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease as monotherapy (i.e. without levodopa) or in combination with levodopa, i.e. over the course of the disease, through to late stages when the effect of levodopa wears off or becomes inconsistent and fluctuations of the therapeutic effect occur (end of dose or 'on-off' fluctuations). Restless-legs syndrome: Neupro is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe idiopathic restless-legs syndrome in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/neupro","document_date":"07/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Neupro — EPAR, 07/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0297","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"roxadustat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/roxadustat","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004871","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Roxadustat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Roksadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Roxadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Roxadusztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Roksadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ροξαδουστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Роксадустат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Роксадустат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Evrenzo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"roxadustat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Evrenzo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004871","lang":"en","text":"Evrenzo is indicated for treatment of adult patients with symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/evrenzo","document_date":"12/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Evrenzo — EPAR, 12/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0298","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rozanolixizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rozanolixizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2642274","display":"rozanolixizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005824","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rozanoliksyzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rozanolixizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rozanoliksizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ροζανολιξιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Розаноликсизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розаноліксизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rystiggo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0212","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rozanolixizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rystiggo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005824","lang":"en","text":"Rystiggo is indicated as an add-on to standard therapy for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult patients who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody positive.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rystiggo","document_date":"21/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rystiggo — EPAR, 21/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"RYSTIGGO","product_id":"3c0eb8c2-c042-4954-b451-3baa77f5e6d1","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RYSTIGGO is indicated for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult patients who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody positive. RYSTIGGO (rozanolixizumab-noli) is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker indicated for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult patients who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody positive. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3c0eb8c2-c042-4954-b451-3baa77f5e6d1","document_date":"20260120","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0299","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rucaparib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rucaparib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1862579","display":"rucaparib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004272","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rucaparib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rucaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rucaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rucaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rucaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rucaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rucaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rukaparyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rukaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rukaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rukaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rukaparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρουκαπαρίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рукапариб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Рукапариб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rubraca"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rucaparib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rubraca","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004272","lang":"en","text":"Rubraca is indicated as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced (FIGO Stages III and IV) high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) following completion of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Rubraca is indicated as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in response (complete or partial) to platinum-based chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rubraca","document_date":"19/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rubraca — EPAR, 19/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rubraca","product_id":"0295d202-1cfe-7659-e063-6294a90a476e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RUBRACA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated: Ovarian cancer for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. ( 1.1 ) Prostate cancer for the treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have been treated with androgen receptor-directed therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for RUBRACA. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) 1.1 Maintenance Treatment of BRCA -mutated Recurrent Ovarian Cancer RUBRACA is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. 1.2 BRCA -mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer RUBRACA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have been treated with androgen receptor-directed therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for RUBRACA [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )].\n1.1 Maintenance Treatment of BRCA -mutated Recurrent Ovarian Cancer RUBRACA is indicated for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.\n1.2 BRCA -mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer RUBRACA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have been treated with androgen receptor-directed therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for RUBRACA [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0295d202-1cfe-7659-e063-6294a90a476e","document_date":"20251231","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0300","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rufinamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rufinamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"69036","display":"rufinamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000660","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rufinamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rufinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρουφιναμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Руфинамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Руфінамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Inovelon"},{"lang":"en","text":"Banzel"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rufinamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Inovelon","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000660","lang":"en","text":"Inovelon is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox Gastaut syndrome in patients 4 years of age and older.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/inovelon","document_date":"15/04/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Inovelon — EPAR, 15/04/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rufinamide","product_id":"1a0b80de-754d-4e60-b5a9-b6daa323bf58","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Rufinamide is indicated for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome in pediatric patients 1 year of age and older and in adults. Rufinamide is indicated for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) in pediatric patients 1 year of age and older, and in adults (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1a0b80de-754d-4e60-b5a9-b6daa323bf58","document_date":"20260904","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0301","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rurioctocog-alfa-pegol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rurioctocog-alfa-pegol","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004195","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rurioctocog alfa pegol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rurioctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rurioctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rurioctocog alfa pégol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rurioctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rurioctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rurioctocogue alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rurioktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rurioktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rurioktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rurioktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rurioktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρουριοκτοκόγη άλφα πεγόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Руриоктоког альфа пэгол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Руріоктоког альфа пегол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Adynovi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rurioctocog alfa pegol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Adynovi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004195","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients 12 years and above with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/adynovi","document_date":"09/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Adynovi — EPAR, 09/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0302","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ruxolitinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ruxolitinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1193326","display":"ruxolitinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002464","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005843","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ruksolitynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ruxolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ruksolitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ρουξολιτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Руксолитиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Руксолітиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Jakavi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Opzelura"},{"lang":"en","text":"JAKAFI"},{"lang":"en","text":"JAKAFI XR"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0367","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Vitiligo — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ruxolitinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Jakavi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002464","lang":"en","text":"Myelofibrosis (MF)Jakavi is indicated for the treatment of disease related splenomegaly or symptoms in adult patients with primary myelofibrosis (also known as chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis), post polycythaemia vera myelofibrosis or post essential thrombocythaemia myelofibrosis.Polycythaemia vera (PV)Jakavi is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with polycythaemia vera who are resistant to or intolerant of hydroxyurea.Graft versus host disease (GvHD)Acute GvHDJakavi is indicated for the treatment of adults and paediatric patients aged 28 days and older with acute graft versus host disease who have inadequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic therapies (see section 5.1).Chronic GvHDJakavi is indicated for the treatment of adults and paediatric patients aged 6 months and older with chronic graft versus host disease who have inadequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic therapies (see section 5.1). Myelofibrosis (MF)Jakavi is indicated for the treatment of disease related splenomegaly or symptoms in adult patients with primary myelofibrosis (also known as chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis), post polycythaemia vera myelofibrosis or post essential thrombocythaemia myelofibrosis.Polycythaemia vera (PV)Jakavi is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with polycythaemia vera who are resistant to or intolerant of hydroxyurea.Graft versus host disease (GvHD)Acute GvHDJakavi is indicated for the treatment of adults and paediatric patients aged 28 days and older with acute graft versus host disease who have inadequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic therapies (see section 5.1).Chronic GvHDJakavi is indicated for the treatment of adults and paediatric patients aged 6 months and older with chronic graft versus host disease who have inadequate response to corticosteroids or other systemic therapies (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jakavi","document_date":"10/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jakavi — EPAR, 10/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Opzelura","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005843","lang":"en","text":"Vitiligo Opzelura is indicated for the treatment of non segmental vitiligo with facial involvement in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age.  Atopic dermatitis Opzelura is indicated for the treatment of moderate atopic dermatitis in adult patients for whom topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors are inadequate or inappropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/opzelura","document_date":"03/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Opzelura — EPAR, 03/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"JAKAFI","product_id":"f1c82580-87ae-11e0-bc84-0002a5d5c51b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE JAKAFI/JAKAFI XR is a kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of: intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis, and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis in adults. ( 1.1 ) polycythemia vera in adults who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of hydroxyurea. ( 1.2 ) steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. ( 1.3 ) chronic graft-versus-host disease after failure of one or two lines of systemic therapy in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Myelofibrosis JAKAFI/JAKAFI XR is indicated for treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis (MF), including primary MF, post-polycythemia vera MF, and post-essential thrombocythemia MF in adults. 1.2 Polycythemia Vera JAKAFI/JAKAFI XR is indicated for treatment of polycythemia vera (PV) in adults who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of hydroxyurea. 1.3 Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease JAKAFI/JAKAFI XR is indicated for treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older. 1.4 Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease JAKAFI/JAKAFI XR is indicated for treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after failure of one or two lines of systemic therapy in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f1c82580-87ae-11e0-bc84-0002a5d5c51b","document_date":"20260720","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0303","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"sacituzumab-govitecan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/sacituzumab-govitecan","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005182","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sacituzumab govitecan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab Govitecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitécan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitecán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitecano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sacytuzumab gowitekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sacituzumab govitekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szacituzumab-govitekán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sasituzumab govitekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σακιτουζουμάμπη γκοβιτεκάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сацитузумаб говитекан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сацитузумаб говітекан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Trodelvy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"sacituzumab govitecan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Trodelvy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005182","lang":"en","text":"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer  Trodelvy is indicated:   as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have not received prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease and who are not candidates for PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor therapy (see section 5.1). as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic TNBC who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, including at least one of them for advanced disease (see section 5.1)     HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer  Trodelvy as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy, and at least two additional systemic therapies in the advanced setting.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/trodelvy","document_date":"15/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Trodelvy — EPAR, 15/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TRODELVY","product_id":"57a597d2-03f0-472e-b148-016d7169169d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TRODELVY is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate indicated: Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer First Line As a single agent for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are not candidates for PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor-based therapy. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) In combination with pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 10) as determined by an FDA-authorized test. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) Second Line or Later For the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or mTNBC who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease. ( 1.1 , 14.1 ) Locally Advanced or Metastatic HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer For the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (IHC 0, IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH–) breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy and at least two additional systemic therapies in the metastatic setting. ( 1.1 , 14.2 ) 1.1 Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer First Line TRODELVY as a single agent is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are not candidates for PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor based therapy. TRODELVY, in combination with pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS ≥ 10)] as determined by an FDA-authorized test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . Second Line or Later TRODELVY is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease. 1.2 Locally Advanced or Metastatic HR-positive, HER2-negative Breast Cancer TRODELVY is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (IHC 0, IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH–) breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy and at least two additional systemic therapies in the metastatic setting.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=57a597d2-03f0-472e-b148-016d7169169d","document_date":"20260624","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0304","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"safinamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/safinamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1922448","display":"safinamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002396","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Safinamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Safinamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Safinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Safinamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Safinamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Safinamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Safinamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Safinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Safinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Safinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szafinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Safinamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σαφιναμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сафинамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сафінамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xadago"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"safinamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xadago","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002396","lang":"en","text":"Xadago is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) as add-on therapy to a stable dose of Levodopa (L-dopa) alone or in combination with other PD medicinal products in mid-to late-stage fluctuating patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xadago","document_date":"09/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xadago — EPAR, 09/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0305","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"sarilumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/sarilumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1923319","display":"sarilumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004254","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sarilumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sarilumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σαριλουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сарилумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сарилумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kevzara"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"sarilumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kevzara","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004254","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritisKevzara in combination with methotrexate (MTX) is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Kevzara can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or when treatment with MTX is inappropriate. Polymyalgia rheumaticaKevzara is indicated for the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in adult patients who have had an inadequate response to corticosteroids or who experience a relapse during corticosteroid taper. Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Kevzara is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA; rheumatoid factor positive or negative polyarthritis and extended oligoarthritis) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs). Kevzara may be used as monotherapy or in combination with MTX.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kevzara","document_date":"20/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kevzara — EPAR, 20/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"KEVZARA","product_id":"827bc01c-d379-4266-a18c-c7f904b76af3","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE KEVZARA ® is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of: adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). ( 1.1 ) adult patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) who have had an inadequate response to corticosteroids or who cannot tolerate corticosteroid taper. ( 1.2 ) patients who weigh 63 kg or greater with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) KEVZARA ® is indicated for treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). 1.2 Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) KEVZARA is indicated for treatment of adult patients with polymyalgia rheumatica who have had an inadequate response to corticosteroids or who cannot tolerate corticosteroid taper. 1.3 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA) KEVZARA is indicated for treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in patients who weigh 63 kg or greater.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=827bc01c-d379-4266-a18c-c7f904b76af3","document_date":"20260227","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0306","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"saxagliptin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/saxagliptin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"857974","display":"saxagliptin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001039","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Saxagliptin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Saksagliptyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Saxagliptín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szaxagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Saksagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σαξαγλιπτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Саксаглиптин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Саксагліптин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Onglyza"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"saxagliptin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Onglyza","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001039","lang":"en","text":"Add-on combination therapy Onglyza is indicated in adult patients aged 18 years and older with type-2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control: as monotherapy:  in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance;  as dual oral therapy:  in combination with metformin, when metformin alone, with diet and exercise, does not provide adequate glycaemic control; in combination with a sulphonylurea, when the sulphonylurea alone, with diet and exercise, does not provide adequate glycaemic control in patients for whom use of metformin is considered inappropriate; in combination with a thiazolidinedione, when the thiazolidinedione alone with diet and exercise, does not provide adequate glycaemic control in patients for whom use of a thiazolidinedione is considered appropriate;  as triple oral therapy:  in combination with metformin plus a sulphonylurea when this regimen alone, with diet and exercise, does not provide adequate glycaemic control;  as combination therapy with insulin (with or without metformin), when this regimen alone, with diet and exercise, does not provide adequate glycaemic control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/onglyza","document_date":"13/05/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Onglyza — EPAR, 13/05/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SAXAGLIPTIN","product_id":"e286ffd4-c598-47fb-af06-2e15f7e6f99f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Saxagliptin tablets are a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of use: • Not recommended for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Saxagliptin tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus [ see Clinical Studies ( 14 ) ]. 1.2 Limitation of Use Saxagliptin tablets are not recommended for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis.\n1.1 Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Saxagliptin tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus [ see Clinical Studies ( 14 ) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e286ffd4-c598-47fb-af06-2e15f7e6f99f","document_date":"20260127","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0307","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"sebelipase-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/sebelipase-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1726975","display":"sebelipase alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004004","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sebelipase alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipază alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipase alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sébélipase alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipasa alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipasi alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipase alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipaza alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipáza alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipáza alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szebelipáz alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sebelipaz alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σεμπελιπάση άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Себелипаза альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Себеліпаза альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kanuma"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"sebelipase alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kanuma","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004004","lang":"en","text":"Kanuma is indicated for long-term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients of all ages with lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kanuma","document_date":"24/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kanuma — EPAR, 24/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0308","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"secukinumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/secukinumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1599788","display":"secukinumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003729","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Secukinumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Secukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Secukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sécukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Secukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Secukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Secuquinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sekukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sekukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sekukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szekukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sekukinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σεκουκινουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Секукинумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Секукінумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cosentyx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"secukinumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Cosentyx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/003729","lang":"en","text":"Plaque psoriasis Cosentyx is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults and children from the age of 6 years old who are candidates for systemic therapy. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) Cosentyx is indicated for the treatment of active moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) in adults with an inadequate response to conventional systemic HS therapy. Psoriatic arthritis Cosentyx, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous disease modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate. Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) Ankylosing spondylitis (AS, radiographic axial spondyloarthritis) Cosentyx is indicated for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis in adults who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy. Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) Cosentyx is indicated for the treatment of active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence in adults who have responded inadequately to non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) Cosentyx, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active enthesitis-related arthritis in patients 6 years and older whose disease has responded inadequately to, or who cannot tolerate, conventional therapy. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) Cosentyx, alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for the treatment of active juvenile psoriatic arthritis in patients 6 years and older whose disease has responded inadequately to, or who cannot tolerate, conventional therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/cosentyx","document_date":"18/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Cosentyx — EPAR, 18/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"COSENTYX","product_id":"77c4b13e-7df3-42d4-81db-3d0cddb7f67a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE COSENTYX is a human interleukin-17A antagonist indicated for the treatment of: moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. ( 1.1 ) active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. ( 1.2 ) active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. ( 1.3 ) active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) in adults with objective signs of inflammation. ( 1.4 ) active enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) in pediatric patients 4 years of age and older. ( 1.5 ) moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. ( 1.6 ) 1.1 Plaque Psoriasis COSENTYX ® is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis COSENTYX is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. 1.3 Ankylosing Spondylitis COSENTYX is indicated for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. 1.4 Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis COSENTYX is indicated for the treatment of active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) in adult patients with objective signs of inflammation. 1.5 Enthesitis-Related Arthritis COSENTYX is indicated for the treatment of active enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) in pediatric patients 4 years of age and older. 1.6 Hidradenitis Suppurativa COSENTYX is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=77c4b13e-7df3-42d4-81db-3d0cddb7f67a","document_date":"20260825","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0309","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"selpercatinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/selpercatinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2370147","display":"selpercatinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005375","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Selpercatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Selperkatynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Selperkatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Selperkatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szelperkatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Selperkatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σελπερκατινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Селперкатиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Селперкатиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Retsevmo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0097","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"selpercatinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Retsevmo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005375","lang":"en","text":"Retsevmo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adults with:  advanced RET fusion positive non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) not previously treated with a RET inhibitor. For biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2.   Retsevmo as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adults and paediatric patients 2  years of age and older with:  advanced RET fusion positive thyroid cancer who are radioactive iodine-refractory (if radioactive iodine is appropriate) . For biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2. advanced RET mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) . For biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2. advanced RET fusion positive solid tumours, when treatment options not targeting RET provide limited clinical benefit, or have been exhausted (see sections  4.4 and 5.1). For biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/retsevmo","document_date":"03/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Retsevmo — EPAR, 03/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0310","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"semaglutide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/semaglutide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1991302","display":"semaglutide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004174","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004953","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005422","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006426","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Semaglutide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sémaglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szemaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Semaglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σεμαγλουτίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Семаглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Семаглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"セマグルチド","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"세마글루타이드","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"司美格鲁肽","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيماغلوتايد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेमाग्लूटाइड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ozempic"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rybelsus"},{"lang":"en","text":"Wegovy"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kayshild"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"semaglutide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kayshild","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006426","lang":"en","text":"Kayshild is indicated in conjunction with diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with non-cirrhotic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (fibrosis stages F2 to F3).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kayshild","document_date":"09/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kayshild — EPAR, 09/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Ozempic","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004174","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise:  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications; in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.  For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ozempic","document_date":"25/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ozempic — EPAR, 25/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rybelsus","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004953","lang":"en","text":"Rybelsus is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycaemic control as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.  For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rybelsus","document_date":"22/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rybelsus — EPAR, 22/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Wegovy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005422","lang":"en","text":"Adults Wegovy is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management, including weight loss and weight maintenance, in adults with an initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of  ≥30 kg/m2 (obesity), or ≥27 kg/m2 to <30 kg/m2 (overweight) in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbidity e.g. dysglycaemia (prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus), hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea or cardiovascular disease.  For trial results with respect to cardiovascular risk reduction and populations studied, see section 5.1. Adolescents (≥12 years) Wegovy is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management in adolescents ages 12 years and above with  obesity* and body weight above 60 kg.  Treatment with Wegovy should be discontinued and re-evaluated if adolescent patients have not reduced their BMI by at least 5% after 12 weeks on the 2.4 mg or maximum tolerated dose. *Obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) as defined on sex- and age-specific BMI growth charts (CDC.gov) (see Table 1 in 4.1 of SmPC). Table 1 BMI cut-off points for obesity (≥95th percentile) by sex and age for paediatric patients aged 12 and older (CDC criteria)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/wegovy","document_date":"21/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Wegovy — EPAR, 21/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Ozempic","product_id":"42bdd912-2393-44c4-b7e0-47672ca28991","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE OZEMPIC is indicated: • as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. • to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. • to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, and cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. OZEMPIC is a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated: • as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 ) • to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. ( 1 ) • to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=42bdd912-2393-44c4-b7e0-47672ca28991","document_date":"20260730","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0311","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"setmelanotide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/setmelanotide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2469247","display":"setmelanotide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005089","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Setmelanotide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Setmélanotide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szetmelanotid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Setmelanotid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σετμελανοτίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сетмеланотид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сетмеланотид","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Imcivree"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"setmelanotide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Imcivree","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005089","lang":"en","text":"Imcivree is indicated for the treatment of obesity and the control of hunger in adults and children 4 years of age and above with acquired hypothalamic obesity (aHO) due to hypothalamic injury or impairment.  Imcivree is indicated for the treatment of obesity and the control of hunger associated with genetically confirmed Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) in adults and children 2 years of age and above.  Imcivree is indicated for the treatment of obesity and the control of hunger associated with genetically confirmed loss-of-function biallelic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), including PCSK1, deficiency or biallelic leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency in adults and children 2 years of age and above. ","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/imcivree","document_date":"27/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Imcivree — EPAR, 27/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Imcivree","product_id":"70c3ccf7-4df0-4c75-ba07-fede9970c8d9","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE IMCIVREE is indicated to reduce excess body weight and maintain weight reduction long term in adults and pediatric patients aged [ see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ]: 4 years and older with acquired hypothalamic obesity (HO) 2 years and older with syndromic or monogenic obesity due to: o Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) o Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency confirmed by genetic testing demonstrating variants in POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR genes that are interpreted as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or of uncertain significance (VUS). IMCIVREE is a melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor agonist indicated to reduce excess body weight and maintain reduction long term in adults and pediatric patients aged (1): 4 years and older with acquired hypothalamic obsesity (HO). 2 years and older with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). 2 years and older with pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency confirmed by an genetic test demonstrating variants in POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR genes that are interpreted as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or of uncertain significance (VUS). Limitations of Use: IMCIVREE is not indicated for the treatment of patients with the following conditions as IMCIVREE would not be expected to be effective: Obesity due to suspected POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR-deficiency with POMC , PCSK1 , or LEPR variants classified as benign or likely benign. ( 1 ) Other types of obesity not related to acquired HO, BBS or POMC, PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency, including obesity associated with other genetic syndromes and general (polygenic) obesity. ( 1 ) 1.1 Limitations of Use: IMCIVREE is not indicated for the treatment of patients with the following conditions as IMCIVREE would not be expected to be effective: • Obesity due to suspected POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency with POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR variants classified as benign or likely benign. • Other types of obesity not related to acquired HO, BBS, or POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR deficiency, including obesity associated with other genetic syndromes and general (polygenic) obesity","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=70c3ccf7-4df0-4c75-ba07-fede9970c8d9","document_date":"20260401","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0312","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"silodosin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/silodosin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"720825","display":"silodosin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001092","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001209","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004964","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Silodosin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Silodozină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Silodosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Silodosine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Silodosina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Silodosina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Silodosina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sylodozyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Silodosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Silodozín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szilodozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Silodosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σιλοδοσίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Силодозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Силодозин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Urorec"},{"lang":"en","text":"Silodyx"},{"lang":"en","text":"Silodosin Recordati"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0404","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Prostatic Hyperplasia — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"silodosin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Silodyx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001209","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/silodyx","document_date":"14/03/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Silodyx — EPAR, 14/03/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Urorec","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001092","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/urorec","document_date":"07/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Urorec — EPAR, 07/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SILODOSIN","product_id":"ee8d577e-948d-4164-9671-c876544ac83b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Silodosin capsule, a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14) ]. Silodosin capsule is not indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Silodosin capsule, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Silodosin capsule is not indicated for the treatment of hypertension. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ee8d577e-948d-4164-9671-c876544ac83b","document_date":"20260818","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0313","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"simoctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/simoctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002813","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004459","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Simoctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Simoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Simoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Simoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Simoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Simoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Simoctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Simoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Simoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Simoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szimoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Simoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σιμοκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Симоктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сімоктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Nuwiq"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vihuma"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"simoctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Nuwiq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002813","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency). Nuwiq can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nuwiq","document_date":"21/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Nuwiq — EPAR, 21/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vihuma","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004459","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency).Vihuma can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vihuma","document_date":"21/03/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vihuma — EPAR, 21/03/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0314","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"sitagliptin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/sitagliptin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"593411","display":"sitagliptin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000722","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000762","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000910","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001234","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005741","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005598","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sitagliptin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szitagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sitagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σιταγλιπτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ситаглиптин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ситагліптин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シタグリプチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시타글립틴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"西格列汀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيتاغليبتين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिटाग्लिप्टिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"sitagliptin fumarate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Januvia"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xelevia"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tesavel"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ristaben"},{"lang":"en","text":"Sitagliptin SUN"},{"lang":"en","text":"Sitagliptin Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"ZITUVIO"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"sitagliptin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Januvia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000722","lang":"en","text":"For adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, Januvia is indicated to improve glycaemic control:  as monotherapy:  in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance;   as dual oral therapy in combination with:  metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a sulphonylurea when diet and exercise plus maximal tolerated dose of a sulphonylurea alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control and when metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; a peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR?) agonist (i.e. a thiazolidinedione) when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus the PPAR? agonist alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a PPAR? agonist (i.e. a thiazolidinedione) when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus the PPAR? agonist alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control;   as triple oral therapy in combination with:  a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a PPAR? agonist and metformin when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control.    Januvia is also indicated as add-on to insulin (with or without metformin) when diet and exercise plus stable dose of insulin do not provide adequate glycaemic control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/januvia","document_date":"31/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Januvia — EPAR, 31/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Ristaben","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001234","lang":"en","text":"For adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, Ristaben is indicated to improve glycaemic control:  as monotherapy:  in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance;   as dual oral therapy in combination with:  metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a sulphonylurea when diet and exercise plus maximal tolerated dose of a sulphonylurea alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control and when metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; a peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR?) agonist (i.e. a thiazolidinedione) when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus the PPAR? agonist alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control;   as triple oral therapy in combination with:  a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a PPAR? agonist and metformin when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control.    Ristaben is also indicated as add-on to insulin (with or without metformin) when diet and exercise plus stable dose of insulin do not provide adequate glycaemic control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ristaben","document_date":"30/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ristaben — EPAR, 30/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Tesavel","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000910","lang":"en","text":"For patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, Tesavel is indicated to improve glycaemic control:  as monotherapy:  in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance;   as dual oral therapy in combination with:  metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a sulphonylurea when diet and exercise plus maximal tolerated dose of a sulphonylurea alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control and when metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; a PPAR? agonist (i.e. a thiazolidinedione) when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus the PPAR? agonist alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control;   as triple oral therapy in combination with  a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these agents do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR?) agonist and metformin when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these agents do not provide adequate glycaemic control.    Tesavel is also indicated as add on to insulin (with or without metformin) when diet and exercise plus stable dosage of insulin do not provide adequate glycaemic control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tesavel","document_date":"01/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tesavel — EPAR, 01/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Xelevia","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000762","lang":"en","text":"For adult patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, Xelevia is indicated to improve glycaemic control:  as monotherapy:  in patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance;   as dual oral therapy in combination with:  metformin when diet and exercise plus metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a sulphonylurea when diet and exercise plus maximal tolerated dose of a sulphonylurea alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control and when metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance; a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?) agonist (i.e. a thiazolidinedione) when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus the PPAR? agonist alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control;   as triple oral therapy in combination with:  a sulphonylurea and metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control; a PPAR? agonist and metformin when use of a PPAR? agonist is appropriate and when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these medicinal products do not provide adequate glycaemic control.    Xelevia is also indicated as add-on to insulin (with or without metformin) when diet and exercise plus stable dose of insulin do not provide adequate glycaemic control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xelevia","document_date":"01/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xelevia — EPAR, 01/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Sitagliptin","product_id":"58e23b30-451c-f451-e063-6394a90a35a7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Sitagliptin tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use Sitagliptin tablets should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes. Sitagliptin has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. It is unknown whether patients with a history of pancreatitis are at increased risk for the development of pancreatitis while using sitagliptin [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Sitagliptin tablets are a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1) Limitations of Use: Sitagliptin tablets should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes (1) Sitagliptin has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. (1, 5.1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=58e23b30-451c-f451-e063-6394a90a35a7","document_date":"20260812","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0315","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"somatropin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/somatropin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"61148","display":"somatropin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000315","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000607","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Somatropin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Somatropină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Somatropin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Somatropine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Somatropina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Somatropina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Somatropina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Somatropina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Somatropin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Somatropín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szomatropin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Somatropin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σωματοτροπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Соматропин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Соматропін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"NutropinAq"},{"lang":"en","text":"Omnitrope"},{"lang":"en","text":"GENOTROPIN"},{"lang":"en","text":"HUMATROPE"},{"lang":"en","text":"Norditropin"},{"lang":"en","text":"ZOMACTON"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0460","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Turner Syndrome — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"somatropin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"NutropinAq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000315","lang":"en","text":"Long-term treatment of children with growth failure due to inadequate endogenous growth hormone secretion. Long-term treatment of growth failure associated with Turner syndrome. Treatment of prepubertal children with growth failure associated with chronic renal insufficiency up to the time of renal transplantation. Replacement of endogenous growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency of either childhood or adult-onset etiology. Growth hormone deficiency should be confirmed appropriately prior to treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/nutropinaq","document_date":"20/07/2023","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NutropinAq — EPAR, 20/07/2023. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"HUMATROPE","product_id":"a774e1ae-3997-49ee-8b0e-99a2b315d409","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE HUMATROPE is a recombinant human growth hormone indicated for: Pediatric Patients: growth failure due to inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone (GH); short stature associated with Turner syndrome; Idiopathic Short Stature (ISS), height standard deviation score (SDS) <-2.25, and associated with growth rates unlikely to permit attainment of adult height in the normal range; short stature or growth failure in short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) deficiency; short stature born small for gestational age (SGA) with no catch-up growth by 2 years to 4 years of age. ( 1.1 ) Adult Patients: replacement of endogenous GH in adults with GH deficiency. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Pediatric Patients HUMATROPE is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with: growth failure due to inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone (GH), short stature associated with Turner syndrome, Idiopathic Short Stature (ISS), height standard deviation score (SDS) <-2.25, and associated with growth rates unlikely to permit attainment of adult height in the normal range, short stature or growth failure in short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) deficiency, short stature born small for gestational age (SGA) with no catch-up growth by 2 years to 4 years of age. 1.2 Adult Patients HUMATROPE is indicated for the replacement of endogenous GH in adults with GH deficiency.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a774e1ae-3997-49ee-8b0e-99a2b315d409","document_date":"20260820","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0316","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"spesolimab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/spesolimab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2610417","display":"spesolimab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005874","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Spesolimab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Spésolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Spesolimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σπεσολιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Спесолимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Спесолімаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Spevigo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"spesolimab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Spevigo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005874","lang":"en","text":"Spevigo is indicated for the prevention of generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) flares in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age. Spevigo is indicated for the treatment of generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) flares in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age as monotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/spevigo","document_date":"14/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Spevigo — EPAR, 14/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SPEVIGO","product_id":"78a4f7eb-8d34-4467-8d40-74ed24323806","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE SPEVIGO is indicated for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 40 kg. SPEVIGO is an interleukin-36 receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older and weighing at least 40 kg. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=78a4f7eb-8d34-4467-8d40-74ed24323806","document_date":"20260316","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0317","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"spheroids-of-human-autologous-matrix-associated-chondrocytes","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/spheroids-of-human-autologous-matrix-associated-chondrocytes","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002736","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sferoizi de condrocite umane autologe asociate cu matrice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sphäroide aus humanen autologen matrixassoziierten Chondrozyten","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sphéroïdes de chondrocytes autologues humains associés à une matrice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Esferoides de condrocitos humanos autólogos asociados a matriz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sferoidi di condrociti umani autologhi associati a matrice","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Esferoides de condrócitos humanos autólogos associados a matriz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sferoidy ludzkich autologicznych chondrocytów związanych z macierzą","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sféroidy lidských autologních chondrocytů asociovaných s matrix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sféroidy ľudských autológnych chondrocytov asociovaných s matrix","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Humán autológ, mátrixhoz kötött porcsejtekből álló szferoidok","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Matriks ilişkili insan otolog kondrosit sferoidleri","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σφαιροειδή ανθρώπινων αυτόλογων χονδροκυττάρων συνδεδεμένων με θεμέλια ουσία","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сфероиды аутологичных хондроцитов человека, связанных с матриксом","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сфероїди аутологічних хондроцитів людини, пов'язаних із матриксом","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Spherox"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Spherox","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002736","lang":"en","text":"Repair of symptomatic articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyle and the patella of the knee (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] grade III or IV) with defect sizes up to 10 cm2 in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/spherox","document_date":"03/03/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Spherox — EPAR, 03/03/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0318","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"spironolactone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/spironolactone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"9997","display":"spironolactone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005535","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Spironolactone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Spironolactonă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Spironolacton","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Spironolactone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Espironolactona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Spironolattone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Espironolactona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Spironolakton","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Spironolakton","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Spironolaktón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Spironolakton","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Spironolakton","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σπιρονολακτόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Спиронолактон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Спіронолактон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"スピロノラクトン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"스피로노락톤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"螺内酯","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سبيرونولاكتون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"स्पाइरोनोलैक्टोन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Qaialdo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aldactone"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0332","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Liver Cirrhosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"spironolactone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Qaialdo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005535","lang":"en","text":"In the management of refractory oedema associated with congestive cardiac failure; hepatic cirrhosis with ascites and oedema, malignant ascites, nephrotic syndrome, diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism, essential hypertension. Neonates, children and adolescents should only be treated under guidance of a paediatric specialist (see sections 5.1 and 5.2).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/qaialdo","document_date":"14/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Qaialdo — EPAR, 14/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"SPIRONOLACTONE","product_id":"0cc23419-e6d5-4036-8011-dc1d2455e0cb","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Spironolactone tablets are an aldosterone antagonist indicated for: The treatment of NYHA Class III-IV heart failure and reduced ejection fraction to increase survival, manage edema, and to reduce the need for hospitalization for heart failure ( 1.1 ). Use as an add-on therapy for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions ( 1.2 ). The management of edema in adult patients who are cirrhotic when edema is not responsive to fluid and sodium restrictions and in the setting of nephrotic syndrome when treatment of the underlying disease, restriction of fluid and sodium intake, and the use of other diuretics produce an inadequate response ( 1.3 ). Treatment of primary hyperaldosternism for: ( 1.4 ) • Short-term preoperative treatment • Long-term maintenance for patients with discrete aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas who are not candidates for surgery and patients with bilateral micro or macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 1.1 Heart Failure Spironolactone tablets are indicated for treatment of NYHA Class III-IV heart failure and reduced ejection fraction to increase survival, manage edema, and reduce the need for hospitalization for heart failure. Spironolactone tablets are usually administered in conjunction with other heart failure therapies. 1.2 Hypertension Spironolactone tablets are indicated as add-on therapy for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure in patients who are not adequately controlled on other agents. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. 1.3 Edema Associated with Hepatic Cirrhosis or Nephrotic Syndrome Spironolactone tablets are indicated for the management of edema in the following settings: Cirrhosis of the liver when edema is not responsive to fluid and sodium restriction. Nephrotic syndrome when treatment of the underlying disease, restriction of fluid and sodium intake, and the use of other diuretics produce an inadequate response. Because it increases serum potassium, spironolactone tablets may be useful for treating edema when administration of other diuretics has caused hypokalemia. 1.4 Primary Hyperaldosteronism Spironolactone tablets are indicated in the following settings: Short-term preoperative treatment of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. Long-term maintenance therapy for patients with discrete aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas who are not candidates for surgery. Long-term maintenance therapy for patients with bilateral micro or macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0cc23419-e6d5-4036-8011-dc1d2455e0cb","document_date":"20260909","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0319","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"susoctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/susoctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002792","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Susoctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Susoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Susoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Susoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Susoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Susoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Susoctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Susoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Susoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Susoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szuszoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Susoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σουσοκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сусоктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сусоктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Obizur"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"susoctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Obizur","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002792","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with acquired haemophilia caused by antibodies to Factor VIII. Obizur is indicated in adults.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/obizur","document_date":"21/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Obizur — EPAR, 21/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0320","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tafamidis","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tafamidis","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1545063","display":"tafamidis"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002294","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006711","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tafamidis","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidisz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tafamidis","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ταφαμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тафамидис","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тафамідис","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vyndaqel"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tafamidis Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tafamidis","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vyndaqel","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002294","lang":"en","text":"Vyndaqel is indicated for the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis in adult patients with stage-1 symptomatic polyneuropathy to delay peripheral neurologic impairment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vyndaqel","document_date":"14/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vyndaqel — EPAR, 14/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0321","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"talazoparib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/talazoparib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2099704","display":"talazoparib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004674","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Talazoparib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparyb","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Talazoparib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ταλαζοπαρίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Талазопариб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Талазопариб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Talzenna"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"talazoparib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Talzenna","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004674","lang":"en","text":"Treatment with Talzenna should be initiated and supervised by a physician experienced in the use of anticancer medicinal products. Patient selection Breast cancer: Patients should be selected for the treatment of breast cancer with Talzenna based on the presence of deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA mutations determined by an experienced laboratory using a validated test method. Genetic counselling for patients with BRCA mutations should be performed according to local regulations, as applicable. Prostate cancer: There is no requirement for tumour mutation testing for selection of patients with mCRPC for treatment with Talzenna.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/talzenna","document_date":"29/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Talzenna — EPAR, 29/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Talzenna","product_id":"13839d4f-6acf-4ffb-a128-79df59319273","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TALZENNA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated for: Breast Cancer • As a single agent, for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m) HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for TALZENNA. ( 1.1 ) HRR Gene-mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) • In combination with enzalutamide for the treatment of adult patients with HRR gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). ( 1.2 ) 1.1 BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m) HER2-negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer TALZENNA is indicated as a single agent for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline breast cancer susceptibility gene ( BRCA )-mutated (g BRCA m) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for TALZENNA [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . 1.2 HRR Gene-mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) TALZENNA is indicated in combination with enzalutamide for the treatment of adult patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=13839d4f-6acf-4ffb-a128-79df59319273","document_date":"20260601","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0322","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"talimogene-laherparepvec","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/talimogene-laherparepvec","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002771","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Talimogene laherparepvec","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Talimogen laherparepvec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Talimogen laherparepvec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Talimogène laherparepvec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Talimogén laherparepvec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Talimogene laherparepvec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Talimogeno laherparepvec","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Talimogen laherparepwek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Talimogen laherparepvek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Talimogén laherparepvek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Talimogén laherparepvek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Talimojen laherparepvek","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ταλιμογένη λαχερπαρεπβέκ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Талимоген лахерпарепвек","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Талімоген лахерпарепвек","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Imlygic"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"talimogene laherparepvec","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Imlygic","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002771","lang":"en","text":"Imlygic is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable melanoma that is regionally or distantly metastatic (Stage IIIB, IIIC and IVM1a) with no bone, brain, lung or other visceral disease.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/imlygic","document_date":"06/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Imlygic — EPAR, 06/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Imlygic","product_id":"64ffb680-ea8c-42fc-9649-9e8c0eb77ddb","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE IMLYGIC is a genetically modified oncolytic viral therapy indicated for the local treatment of unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, and nodal lesions in patients with melanoma recurrent after initial surgery. Limitations of use : IMLYGIC has not been shown to improve overall survival or have an effect on visceral metastases. IMLYGIC is a genetically modified oncolytic viral therapy indicated for the local treatment of unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, and nodal lesions in patients with melanoma recurrent after initial surgery. Limitations of use : IMLYGIC has not been shown to improve overall survival or have an effect on visceral metastases. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=64ffb680-ea8c-42fc-9649-9e8c0eb77ddb","document_date":"20250404","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0323","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tecovirimat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tecovirimat","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005248","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tecovirimat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tecovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tecovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Técovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tecovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tecovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tecovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tekowirymat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tekovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tekovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tekovirimát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tekovirimat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεκοβιριμάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тековиримат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тековіримат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"tecovirimat monohydrate"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tecovirimat SIGA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0030","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Smallpox — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tecovirimat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tecovirimat SIGA","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005248","lang":"en","text":"Tecovirimat SIGA is indicated for the treatment of the following viral infections in adults and children with body weight at least 13kg:  Smallpox Cowpox  Tecovirimat SIGA is also indicated to treat complications due to replication of vaccinia virus following vaccination against smallpox in adults and children with body weight at least 13kg . Tecovirimat SIGA should be used in accordance with official recommendations.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tecovirimat-siga","document_date":"15/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tecovirimat SIGA — EPAR, 15/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0324","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"teduglutide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/teduglutide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1364468","display":"teduglutide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002345","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006564","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Teduglutide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Téduglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Teduglutid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεντουγλουτίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тедуглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тедуглутид","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Revestive"},{"lang":"en","text":"Teduglutide Viatris"},{"lang":"en","text":"Gattex"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0340","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Malabsorption Syndromes — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"teduglutide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Revestive","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002345","lang":"en","text":"Revestive is indicated for the treatment of patients aged 1 year and above with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). Patients should be stable following a period of intestinal adaptation after surgery. Revestive is indicated for the treatment of patients aged 1 year and above with Short Bowel Syndrome. Patients should be stable following a period of intestinal adaptation after surgery.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/revestive","document_date":"23/05/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Revestive — EPAR, 23/05/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Gattex","product_id":"66b69c1e-b25c-44d3-b5ff-1c1de9a516fa","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE GATTEX ® is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support . GATTEX ® is a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=66b69c1e-b25c-44d3-b5ff-1c1de9a516fa","document_date":"20250905","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0325","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"telmisartan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/telmisartan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"73494","display":"telmisartan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000209","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001196","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001168","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002511","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Telmisartan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Telmiszartán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Telmisartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τελμισαρτάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Телмисартан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Телмісартан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Micardis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tolura"},{"lang":"en","text":"Telmisartan Actavis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Telmisartan Teva Pharma"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"telmisartan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Micardis","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000209","lang":"en","text":"Hypertension Treatment of essential hypertension in adults. Cardiovascular prevention Reduction of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with:  manifest atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (history of coronary heart disease, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) or; type-2 diabetes mellitus with documented target-organ damage.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/micardis","document_date":"28/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Micardis — EPAR, 28/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Telmisartan","product_id":"57da6ef2-2e86-4e4d-90df-73a2a8cf97f6","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: Treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) Cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction in patients unable to take ACE inhibitors ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Hypertension Telmisartan tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including the class to which this drug principally belongs. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Telmisartan tablets may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )]. 1.2 Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Telmisartan tablets are indicated for reduction of the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes in patients 55 years of age or older at high risk of developing major cardiovascular events who are unable to take ACE inhibitors. High risk for cardiovascular events can be evidenced by a history of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or high-risk diabetes (insulin-dependent or non-insulin dependent) with evidence of end-organ damage [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. Telmisartan tablets can be used in addition to other needed treatment (such as antihypertensive, antiplatelet or lipid-lowering therapy) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Studies of telmisartan in this setting do not exclude the possibility that telmisartan may not preserve a meaningful fraction of the effect of the ACE inhibitor to which it was compared. Consider using the ACE inhibitor first, and, if it is stopped for cough only, consider re-trying the ACE inhibitor after the cough resolves. Use of telmisartan with an ACE inhibitor is not recommended [ see Warnings and precautions ( 5.6 ) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=57da6ef2-2e86-4e4d-90df-73a2a8cf97f6","document_date":"20260811","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0326","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"temoporfin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/temoporfin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"115243","display":"temoporfin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000318","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Temoporfin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Témoporfine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Temoporfin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεμοπορφίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Темопорфин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Темопорфін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Foscan"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"temoporfin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Foscan","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000318","lang":"en","text":"Foscan is indicated for the palliative treatment of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma failing prior therapies and unsuitable for radiotherapy, surgery or systemic chemotherapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/foscan","document_date":"12/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Foscan — EPAR, 12/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0327","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tenecteplase","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tenecteplase","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"259280","display":"tenecteplase"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000306","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tenecteplase","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tenecteplază","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tenecteplase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ténectéplase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tenecteplasa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tenecteplasi","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tenecteplase","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tenekteplaza","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tenekteplasa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tenekteplasa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tenekteplaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tenekteplaz","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τενεκτεπλάση","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тенектеплаза","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тенектеплаза","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Metalyse"},{"lang":"en","text":"TNKase"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tenecteplase","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Metalyse","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000306","lang":"en","text":"Metalyse is indicated for the thrombolytic treatment of suspected myocardial infarction with persistent ST elevation or recent left-bundle-branch block within six hours after the onset of acute-myocardial-infarction symptoms. Metalyse is indicated in adults for the thrombolytic treatment of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours from last known well and after exclusion of intracranial haemorrhage.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/metalyse","document_date":"21/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Metalyse — EPAR, 21/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TNKase","product_id":"739a3c53-caf6-40d6-a6af-84ce733a948b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TNKase ® is indicated to reduce the risk of death associated with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). TNKase is a tissue plasminogen activator, indicated to reduce the risk of death associated with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=739a3c53-caf6-40d6-a6af-84ce733a948b","document_date":"20251215","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0328","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tenofovir-alafenamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tenofovir-alafenamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1721603","display":"tenofovir alafenamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004169","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tenofovir alafenamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir alafenamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tenofoviralafenamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ténofovir alafénamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir alafenamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir alafenamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir alafenamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tenofowir alafenamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir-alafenamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir alafenamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir-alafenamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir alafenamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τενοφοβίρη αλαφεναμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тенофовира алафенамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тенофовіру алафенамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vemlidy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tenofovir alafenamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vemlidy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004169","lang":"en","text":"Vemlidy is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in adults and paediatric patients 6 years of age and older weighing at least 25 kg (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vemlidy","document_date":"17/09/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vemlidy — EPAR, 17/09/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"VEMLIDY","product_id":"72e6b33c-0351-4070-9172-eeaa186c01d2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VEMLIDY is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older and weighing at least 25 kg with compensated liver disease [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . VEMLIDY is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older and weighing at least 25 kg with compensated liver disease. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=72e6b33c-0351-4070-9172-eeaa186c01d2","document_date":"20250714","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0329","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tenofovir-disoproxil","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tenofovir-disoproxil","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"300195","display":"tenofovir disoproxil"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000419","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004120","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004049","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovirdisoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ténofovir disoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir disoproxilo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tenofowir dizoproksyl","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir-disoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir-dizoproxil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tenofovir disoproksil","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τενοφοβίρη δισοπροξίλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тенофовира дизопроксил","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тенофовіру дизопроксил","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Viread"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil Zentiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tenofovir disoproxil Viatris (previously Tenofovir disoproxil Mylan)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tenofovir disoproxil","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Viread","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000419","lang":"en","text":"HIV 1 infection Viread 123 mg film coated tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV 1 infected paediatric patients, with NRTI resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, aged 6 to < 12 years who weigh from 17 kg to less than 22 kg. The choice of Viread to treat antiretroviral experienced patients with HIV 1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients. Hepatitis B infection Viread 123 mg film coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in paediatric patients aged 6 to < 12 years who weigh from 17 kg to less than 22 kg, with  compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT levels, or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis.  With respect to the decision to initiate treatment in paediatric patients, see sections 4.2, 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1.  HIV 1 infection Viread 163 mg film coated tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV 1 infected paediatric patients, with NRTI resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, aged 6 to < 12 years who weigh from 22 kg to less than 28 kg. The choice of Viread to treat antiretroviral experienced patients with HIV 1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients. Hepatitis B infection Viread 163 mg film coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in paediatric patients aged 6 to < 12 years who weigh from 22 kg to less than 28 kg, with:  compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT levels, or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis.  With respect to the decision to initiate treatment in paediatric patients, see sections 4.2, 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1.  HIV 1 infection Viread 204 mg film coated tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV 1 infected paediatric patients, with NRTI resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, aged 6 to < 12 years who weigh from 28 kg to less than 35 kg. The choice of Viread to treat antiretroviral experienced patients with HIV 1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients. Hepatitis B infection Viread 204 mg film coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in paediatric patients aged 6 to < 12 years who weigh from 28 kg to less than 35 kg, with:  compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT levels or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis.  With respect to the decision to initiate treatment in paediatric patients, see sections 4.2, 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1.  HIV 1 infection Viread 245 mg film coated tablets are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV 1 infected adults. In adults, the demonstration of the benefit of Viread in HIV 1 infection is based on results of one study in treatment naïve patients, including patients with a high viral load (> 100,000 copies/ml) and studies in which Viread was added to stable background therapy (mainly tritherapy) in antiretroviral pre-treated patients experiencing early virological failure (< 10,000 copies/ml, with the majority of patients having < 5,000 copies/ml). Viread 245 mg film coated tablets are also indicated for the treatment of HIV 1 infected adolescents, with NRTI resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, aged 12 to < 18 years. The choice of Viread to treat antiretroviral experienced patients with HIV 1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients. Hepatitis B infection Viread 245 mg film coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with:  compensated liver disease, with evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis (see section 5.1). evidence of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus (see sections 4.8 and 5.1). decompensated liver disease (see sections 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1).  Viread 245 mg film coated tablets are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adolescents 12 to < 18 years of age with:  compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT levels, or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis.  With respect to the decision to initiate treatment in paediatric patients, see sections 4.2, 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1.  HIV 1 infection Viread 33 mg/g granules are indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV 1 infected paediatric patients, with NRTI resistance or toxicities precluding the use of first line agents, from 2 to < 6 years of age, and above 6 years of age for whom a solid dosage form is not appropriate. Viread 33 mg/g granules are also indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of HIV 1 infected adults for whom a solid dosage form is not appropriate. In adults, the demonstration of the benefit of Viread in HIV 1 infection is based on results of one study in treatment naïve patients, including patients with a high viral load (> 100,000 copies/ml) and studies in which Viread was added to stable background therapy (mainly tritherapy) in antiretroviral pre-treated patients experiencing early virological failure (< 10,000 copies/ml, with the majority of patients having < 5,000 copies/ml). The choice of Viread to treat antiretroviral experienced patients with HIV 1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or treatment history of patients.  Hepatitis B infection  Viread 33 mg/g granules are indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults for whom a solid dosage form is not appropriate with:  compensated liver disease, with evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis (see section 5.1). evidence of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus (see sections 4.8 and 5.1). decompensated liver disease (see sections 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1).  Viread 33 mg/g granules are also indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in paediatric patients2 to < 18 years of age for whom a solid dosage form is not appropriate with:  compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, and persistently elevated serum ALT levels, or histological evidence of moderate to severe inflammation and/or fibrosis.  With respect to the decision to initiate treatment in paediatric patients, see sections 4.2, 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/viread","document_date":"18/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Viread — EPAR, 18/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0330","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"teplizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/teplizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2621880","display":"teplizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005496","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Teplizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Téplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Teplizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεπλιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Теплизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Теплізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0128","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"teplizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Teizeild","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005496","lang":"en","text":"Teizeild is indicated to delay the onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adult and paediatric patients 8 years of age and older with stage 2 T1D.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/teizeild","document_date":"08/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Teizeild — EPAR, 08/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0331","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"teriflunomide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/teriflunomide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1310520","display":"teriflunomide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002514","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005962","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005960","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Teriflunomide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tériflunomide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Teriflunomid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεριφλουνομίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Терифлуномид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Терифлуномід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aubagio"},{"lang":"en","text":"Teriflunomide Viatris (previously Teriflunomide Mylan)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Teriflunomide Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"teriflunomide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aubagio","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002514","lang":"en","text":"AUBAGIO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients and paediatric patients aged 10 years and older with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) (please refer to section 5.1 for important information on the population for which efficacy has been established).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aubagio","document_date":"09/12/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aubagio — EPAR, 09/12/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Teriflunomide","product_id":"c424959d-00c9-4e76-aba6-cc7464d8e903","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Teriflunomide tablets are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. Teriflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c424959d-00c9-4e76-aba6-cc7464d8e903","document_date":"20260826","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0332","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"teriparatide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/teriparatide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"32915","display":"teriparatide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000425","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005793","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003916","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004368","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005087","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005827","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004932","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006688","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Teriparatide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tériparatide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Teryparatyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Teriparatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεριπαρατίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Терипаратид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Терипаратид","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Forsteo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Teriparatide Sun"},{"lang":"en","text":"Terrosa"},{"lang":"en","text":"Movymia"},{"lang":"en","text":"Livogiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Sondelbay"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kauliv"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zandoriah"},{"lang":"en","text":"Bonsity"},{"lang":"en","text":"Forteo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"teriparatide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Forsteo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000425","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture. In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures but not hip fractures has been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/forsteo","document_date":"28/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Forsteo — EPAR, 28/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Teriparatide Sun","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005793","lang":"en","text":"Teriparatide SUN is indicated in adults. Treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture (see section 5.1). In postmenopausal women, a significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures but not hip fractures has been demonstrated. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy in women and men at increased risk for fracture (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/teriparatide-sun","document_date":"10/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Teriparatide Sun — EPAR, 10/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Forteo","product_id":"aae667c5-381f-4f92-93df-2ed6158d07b0","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE FORTEO is indicated: For the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture (defined herein as having a history of osteoporotic fracture or multiple risk factors for fracture) or who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, FORTEO reduces the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. To increase bone mass in men with primary or hypogonadal osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. For the treatment of men and women with osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy (daily dosage equivalent to 5 mg or greater of prednisone) at high risk for fracture or who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. FORTEO is a parathyroid hormone analog, (PTH 1-34), indicated for: Treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy ( 1 ) Increase of bone mass in men with primary or hypogonadal osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy ( 1 ) Treatment of men and women with osteoporosis associated with sustained systemic glucocorticoid therapy at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=aae667c5-381f-4f92-93df-2ed6158d07b0","document_date":"20260803","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0333","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tezepelumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tezepelumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2587789","display":"tezepelumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005588","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tézépélumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tezepelumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τεζεπελουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тезепелумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тезепелумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tezspire"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0298","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Asthma — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tezepelumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tezspire","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005588","lang":"en","text":"AsthmaTezspire is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adults and adolescents 12 years and older with severe asthma who are inadequately controlled despite high dose inhaled corticosteroids plus another medicinal product for maintenance treatment. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) Tezspire is indicated as an add-on therapy with intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of adult patients with severe CRSwNP for whom therapy with systemic corticosteroids, and/or surgery do not provide adequate disease control.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tezspire","document_date":"26/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tezspire — EPAR, 26/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0334","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"thiotepa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/thiotepa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"10473","display":"thiotepa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001046","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005434","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Thiotepa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Thiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Thiotépa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Thiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tiotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tiyotepa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Θειοτέπα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тиотепа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тіотепа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tepadina"},{"lang":"en","text":"Thiotepa Riemser"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"thiotepa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tepadina","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001046","lang":"en","text":"TEPADINA is indicated, in combination with other chemotherapy medicinal products:- with or without total body irradiation (TBI), as conditioning treatment prior to allogeneic or autologous haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) in haematological diseases in adult and paediatric patients;- when high dose chemotherapy with HPCT support is appropriate for the treatment of solid tumours in adult and paediatric patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tepadina","document_date":"24/02/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tepadina — EPAR, 24/02/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TEPADINA","product_id":"559e353c-2dc0-16ba-e054-00144ff8d46c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TEPADINA (thiotepa) is an alkylating drug indicated: To reduce the risk of graft rejection when used in conjunction with high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation (HSCT) for pediatric patients with class 3 beta-thalassemia. (1.1 , 14) For treatment of adenocarcinoma of the breast or ovary. (1.2) For controlling intracavitary effusions secondary to diffuse or localized neoplastic diseases of various serosal cavities. (1.3) For treatment of superficial papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder. (1.4) 1.1 Class 3 Beta-Thalassemia TEPADINA is indicated to reduce the risk of graft rejection when used in conjunction with high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation (HSCT) for pediatric patients with class 3 beta-thalassemia [see Clinical Studies ( 14 ) ] . 1.2 Adenocarcinoma of the Breast or Ovary TEPADINA is indicated for treatment of adenocarcinoma of the breast or ovary. 1.3 Malignant Effusions TEPADINA is indicated for controlling intracavitary effusions secondary to diffuse or localized neoplastic diseases of various serosal cavities. 1.4 Superficial Papillary Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder TEPADINA is indicated for treatment of superficial papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder.\n1.1 Class 3 Beta-Thalassemia TEPADINA is indicated to reduce the risk of graft rejection when used in conjunction with high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide as a preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation (HSCT) for pediatric patients with class 3 beta-thalassemia [see Clinical Studies ( 14 ) ] .\n1.2 Adenocarcinoma of the Breast or Ovary TEPADINA is indicated for treatment of adenocarcinoma of the breast or ovary.\n1.3 Malignant Effusions TEPADINA is indicated for controlling intracavitary effusions secondary to diffuse or localized neoplastic diseases of various serosal cavities.\n1.4 Superficial Papillary Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder TEPADINA is indicated for treatment of superficial papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=559e353c-2dc0-16ba-e054-00144ff8d46c","document_date":"20260130","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0335","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"thyrotropin-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/thyrotropin-alfa","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"4952","display":"thyrotropin alfa"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000220","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Thyrotropin alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tirotropină alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Thyrotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Thyrotropine alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tirotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tireotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tirotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tyreotropina alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Thyrotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tyreotropín alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tirotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tirotropin alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Θυρεοτροπίνη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тиротропин альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тиротропін альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Thyrogen"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0097","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"thyrotropin alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Thyrogen","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000220","lang":"en","text":"Thyrogen is indicated for use with serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without radioiodine imaging for the detection of thyroid remnants and well-differentiated thyroid cancer in post thyroidectomy patients maintained on hormone suppression therapy (THST).   Low risk patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma who have undetectable serum Tg levels on THST and no rh (recombinant human) TSH-stimulated increase of Tg levels may be followed-up by assaying rh TSH-stimulated Tg levels.  Thyrogen is indicated for pre-therapeutic stimulation in combination with a range of 30 mCi (1.1 GBq) to 100 mCi (3.7 GBq) radioiodine for ablation of thyroid tissue remnants in patients who have undergone a near-total or total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer and who do not have evidence of distant metastatic thyroid cancer (see section 4.4).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/thyrogen","document_date":"19/02/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Thyrogen — EPAR, 19/02/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Thyrogen","product_id":"b52dfa36-f90b-4e19-9b5e-26db9d04df2b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE THYROGEN ® is a thyroid stimulating hormone indicated for: Adjunctive Diagnostic Tool for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Use as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without radioiodine imaging in the follow-up of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer who have previously undergone thyroidectomy. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use : THYROGEN-stimulated Tg levels are generally lower than, and do not correlate with Tg levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Even when THYROGEN-Tg testing is performed in combination with radioiodine imaging, there remains a risk of missing a diagnosis of thyroid cancer or underestimating the extent of the disease. Anti-Tg Antibodies may confound the Tg assay and render Tg levels uninterpretable. Adjunct for Thyroid Remnant Ablation in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Use as an adjunctive treatment for radioiodine ablation of thyroid tissue remnants in patients who have undergone a near-total or total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer and who do not have evidence of distant metastatic thyroid cancer. ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use : The effect of THYROGEN on thyroid cancer recurrence greater than 5 years post-remnant ablation has not been evaluated. 1.1 Adjunctive Diagnostic Tool for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer THYROGEN ® is indicated for use as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without radioiodine imaging in the follow-up of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer who have previously undergone thyroidectomy. Limitations of Use : THYROGEN-stimulated Tg levels are generally lower than, and do not correlate with, Tg levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Even when THYROGEN-stimulated Tg testing is performed in combination with radioiodine imaging, there remains a risk of missing a diagnosis of thyroid cancer or of underestimating the extent of disease. Anti-Tg antibodies may confound the Tg assay and render Tg levels uninterpretable [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Therefore, in such cases, even with a negative or low-stage THYROGEN radioiodine scan, consideration should be given to further evaluating patients. 1.2 Adjunct for Thyroid Remnant Ablation in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer THYROGEN is indicated for use as an adjunctive treatment for radioiodine ablation of thyroid tissue remnants in patients who have undergone a near-total or total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer and who do not have evidence of distant metastatic thyroid cancer. Limitations of Use : The effect of THYROGEN on thyroid cancer recurrence greater than five years post-remnant ablation has not been evaluated [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b52dfa36-f90b-4e19-9b5e-26db9d04df2b","document_date":"20230224","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0336","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tigecycline","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tigecycline","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"384455","display":"tigecycline"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000644","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005114","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tigecycline","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tigeciclină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tigecyclin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tigécycline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tigeciclina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tigeciclina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tigeciclina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tygecyklina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tigecyklin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tigecyklín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tigeciklin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tigesiklin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τιγεκυκλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тигециклин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тигециклін","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tygacil"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tigecycline Accord"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tigecycline","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tygacil","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000644","lang":"en","text":"Tygacil is indicated in adults and in children from the age of eight years for the treatment of the following infections:  Complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTI), excluding diabetic foot infections Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI)  Tygacil should be used only in situations where other alternative antibiotics are not suitable. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents. appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tygacil","document_date":"22/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tygacil — EPAR, 22/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tigecycline","product_id":"6e9a34af-8dee-4ba2-9157-2f5cb46958a9","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Tigecycline for Injection is a tetracycline class antibacterial indicated in patients 18 years of age and older for: Complicated skin and skin structure infections ( 1.1 ) Complicated intra-abdominal infections ( 1.2 ) Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use : Tigecycline for Injection is not indicated for treatment of diabetic foot infection or hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. ( 1.4 ) To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Tigecycline for Injection and other antibacterial drugs, Tigecycline for Injection should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. ( 1.5 ) 1.1 Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections Tigecycline for Injection is indicated in patients 18 years of age and older for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycin-susceptible isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus grp. (includes S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus ), Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacteroides fragilis. 1.2 Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections Tigecycline for Injection is indicated in patients 18 years of age and older for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections caused by susceptible isolates of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycin-susceptible isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Streptococcus anginosus grp. (includes S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus ), Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium perfringens, and Peptostreptococcus micros. 1.3 Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Tigecycline for Injection is indicated in patients 18 years of age and older for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by susceptible isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible isolates), including cases with concurrent bacteremia, Haemophilus influenzae , and Legionella pneumophila . 1.4 Limitations of Use Tigecycline for Injection is not indicated for the treatment of diabetic foot infections. A clinical trial failed to demonstrate non-inferiority of Tigecycline for Injection for treatment of diabetic foot infections. Tigecycline for Injection is not indicated for the treatment of hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia. In a comparative clinical trial, greater mortality and decreased efficacy were reported in Tigecycline for Injection-treated patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. 1.5 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Tigecycline for Injection and other antibacterial drugs, Tigecycline for Injection should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Appropriate specimens for bacteriological examination should be obtained in order to isolate and identify the causative organisms and to determine their susceptibility to tigecycline. Tigecycline for Injection may be initiated as empiric monotherapy before results of these tests are known.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6e9a34af-8dee-4ba2-9157-2f5cb46958a9","document_date":"20260217","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0337","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tildrakizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tildrakizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2053436","display":"tildrakizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004514","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tildraquizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tildrakizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τιλντρακιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тилдракизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тілдракізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ilumetri"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tildrakizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Ilumetri","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004514","lang":"en","text":"Ilumetri is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/ilumetri","document_date":"07/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Ilumetri — EPAR, 07/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0338","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tipranavir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tipranavir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"190548","display":"tipranavir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000631","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tipranavir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Typranawir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tipranavir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τιπραναβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Типранавир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Типранавір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Aptivus"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0038","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): HIV Infections — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tipranavir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aptivus","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000631","lang":"en","text":"Aptivus, co-administered with low-dose ritonavir, is indicated for combination antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 infection in highly pretreated adults and adolescents 12 years of age or older with virus resistant to multiple protease inhibitors. Aptivus should only be used as part of an active combination antiretroviral regimen in patients with no other therapeutic options. This indication is based on the results of two phase-III studies, performed in highly pretreated adult patients (median number of 12 prior antiretroviral agents) with virus resistant to protease inhibitors and of one phase-II study investigating pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of Aptivus in mostly treatment-experienced adolescent patients aged 12 to 18 years. In deciding to initiate treatment with Aptivus, co-administered with low dose ritonavir, careful consideration should be given to the treatment history of the individual patient and the patterns of mutations associated with different agents. Genotypic or phenotypic testing (when available) and treatment history should guide the use of Aptivus. Initiation of treatment should take into account the combinations of mutations which may negatively impact the virological response to Aptivus, co-administered with low-dose ritonavir.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aptivus","document_date":"23/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aptivus — EPAR, 23/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0339","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tirzepatide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tirzepatide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2601723","display":"tirzepatide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005620","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tirzepatide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tirzépatide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tyrzepatyd","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tirzepatid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τιρζεπατίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тирзепатид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тирзепатид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"チルゼパチド","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"티르제파타이드","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"替尔泊肽","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تيرزيباتايد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टिरज़ेपेटाइड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Mounjaro"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mounjaro KwikPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"ZEPBOUND"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zepbound KwikPen"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tirzepatide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mounjaro","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005620","lang":"en","text":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus Mounjaro is indicated for the treatment of adults, adolescents and children aged 10 years and above with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise  as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes.  For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1. Weight management Mounjaro is indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management, including weight loss and weight maintenance, in adults with an initial Body Mass Index (BMI) of  ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obesity) or ≥ 27 kg/m2 to < 30 kg/m2 (overweight) in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea, cardiovascular disease, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes mellitus).    For trial results with respect to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), see section 5.1.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mounjaro","document_date":"08/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mounjaro — EPAR, 08/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Zepbound","product_id":"487cd7e7-434c-4925-99fa-aa80b1cc776b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ZEPBOUND ® is indicated in combination with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity: to reduce excess body weight and maintain weight reduction long term in adults with obesity or adults with overweight in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition. to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity. ZEPBOUND is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated in combination with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity: to reduce excess body weight and maintain weight reduction long term in adults with obesity or adults with overweight in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition. ( 1 ) to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Coadministration with other tirzepatide-containing products or with any GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use ZEPBOUND contains tirzepatide. Coadministration with other tirzepatide-containing products or with any glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist is not recommended.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=487cd7e7-434c-4925-99fa-aa80b1cc776b","document_date":"20260828","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0340","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tislelizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tislelizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2677426","display":"tislelizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005919","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tislélizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tyslelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tiszlelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tislelizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τισλελιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тислелизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тислелізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tevimbra"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0057","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tislelizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tevimbra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005919","lang":"en","text":"Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Tevimbra, in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment and then continued as monotherapy as adjuvant treatment, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with resectable NSCLC at high risk of recurrence (for selection criteria, see section 5.1).Tevimbra in combination with pemetrexed and platinum containing chemotherapy is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with non-squamous NSCLC  whose tumours have PD-L1 expression on ≥50% of tumour cells with no EGFR or ALK positive mutations and who have:  locally advanced NSCLC and are not candidates for surgical resection or platinum-based chemoradiation, or metastatic NSCLC.  Tevimbra in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with squamous NSCLC who have:  locally advanced NSCLC and are not candidates for surgical resection or platinum-based chemoradiation, or metastatic NSCLC.  Tevimbra as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after prior platinum-based therapy. Patients with EGFR mutant or ALK positive NSCLC should also have received targeted therapies before receiving tislelizumab. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)Tevimbra, in combination with etoposide and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage SCLC. Gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinomaTevimbra, in combination with platinum and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with HER-2-negative locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumours express PD L1 with a tumour area positivity (TAP) score ≥ 5% (see section 5.1).Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)Tevimbra, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic OSCC whose tumours express PD L1 with a TAP score ≥ 5% (see section 5.1).Tevimbra as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic OSCC after prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)Tevimbra, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with recurrent, not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy, or metastatic NPC.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tevimbra","document_date":"24/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tevimbra — EPAR, 24/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0341","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tisotumab-vedotin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tisotumab-vedotin","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005363","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tisotumab vedotin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab Vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab védotine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab wedotyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tizotumab-vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tisotumab vedotin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τισοτουμάμπη βεδοτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тизотумаб ведотин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тизотумаб ведотин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tivdak"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tisotumab vedotin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tivdak","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005363","lang":"en","text":"Tivdak as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after systemic therapy (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tivdak","document_date":"05/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tivdak — EPAR, 05/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TIVDAK","product_id":"c9fe3f32-4219-466e-acb9-3f609b4f4df1","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TIVDAK ® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy. TIVDAK is a tissue factor-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate indicated for the treatment of adult patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c9fe3f32-4219-466e-acb9-3f609b4f4df1","document_date":"20251120","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0342","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tobramycin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tobramycin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"10627","display":"tobramycin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002155","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005086","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tobramycin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tobramicină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tobramycin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tobramycine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tobramicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tobramicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tobramicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tobramycyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tobramycin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tobramycín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tobramicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tobramisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τομπραμυκίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тобрамицин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тобраміцин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tobi Podhaler"},{"lang":"en","text":"Vantobra (previously Tobramycin PARI)"},{"lang":"en","text":"BETHKIS"},{"lang":"en","text":"TOBI"},{"lang":"en","text":"TOBREX"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0159","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Cystic Fibrosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tobramycin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tobi Podhaler","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002155","lang":"en","text":"Tobi Podhaler is indicated for the suppressive therapy of chronic pulmonary infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in adults and children aged 6 years and older with cystic fibrosis. See sections 4.4 and 5.1 regarding data in different age groups. Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tobi-podhaler","document_date":"11/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tobi Podhaler — EPAR, 11/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Vantobra (previously Tobramycin PARI)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005086","lang":"en","text":"Vantobra is indicated for the management of chronic pulmonary infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients aged 6 years and older with cystic fibrosis (CF). Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vantobra","document_date":"05/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vantobra (previously Tobramycin PARI) — EPAR, 05/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TOBRAMYCIN","product_id":"5563e8af-c6c9-42a2-974d-7d364a47f00a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Tobramycin inhalation solution is indicated for the management of cystic fibrosis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Safety and efficacy have not been demonstrated in patients under the age of 6 years, patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) <25% or >75% predicted, or patients colonized with Burkholderia cepacia [see Clinical Studies (14) ]. Tobramycin inhalation solution is an aminoglycoside antibacterial indicated for the management of cystic fibrosis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Safety and efficacy have not been demonstrated in patients under the age of 6 years, patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) <25% or >75% predicted, or patients colonized with Burkholderia cepacia .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5563e8af-c6c9-42a2-974d-7d364a47f00a","document_date":"20260729","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0343","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tocilizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tocilizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"612865","display":"tocilizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000955","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005781","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005984","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006196","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006416","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tocylizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tocilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tosilizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοσιλιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тоцилизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тоцилізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"RoActemra"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tyenne"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tocilizumab STADA (previously Tofidence)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Avtozma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tuyory"},{"lang":"en","text":"ACTEMRA"},{"lang":"en","text":"Actemra ACTPen"},{"lang":"en","text":"TOFIDENCE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0378","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Arthritis, Juvenile — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tocilizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"RoActemra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000955","lang":"en","text":"RoActemra, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for  the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults not previously treated with MTX. the treatment of moderate to severe active RA in adult patients who have either responded inadequately to, or who were intolerant to, previous therapy with one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. \tIn these patients, RoActemra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate. \tRoActemra has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X-ray and to improve physical function when given in combination with methotrexate.  RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) in patients 1 year of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with NSAIDs and systemic corticosteroids. RoActemra can be given as monotherapy (in case of intolerance to MTX or where treatment with MTX is inappropriate) or in combination with MTX. RoActemra in combination with methotrexate (MTX) is indicated for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic polyarthritis (pJIA; rheumatoid factor positive or negative and extended oligoarthritis) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with MTX.  RoActemra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate. RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) in adult patients. RoActemra, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for:  the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults not previously treated with MTX. the treatment of moderate to severe active RA in adult patients who have either responded inadequately to, or who were intolerant to, previous therapy with one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. \tIn these patients, RoActemra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate.  \tRoActemra has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X-ray and to improve physical function when given in combination with methotrexate.  RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with NSAIDs and systemic corticosteroids. RoActemra can be given as monotherapy (in case of intolerance to MTX or where treatment with MTX is inappropriate) or in combination with MTX. RoActemra in combination with methotrexate (MTX) is indicated for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic polyarthritis (pJIA; rheumatoid factor positive or negative and extended oligoarthritis) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with MTX. RoActemra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate. RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in adults and paediatric patients 2 years of age and older. RoActemra, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), is indicated for:  the treatment of severe, active and progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults not previously treated with MTX. the treatment of moderate to severe active RA in adult patients who have either responded inadequately to, or who were intolerant to, previous therapy with one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. \tIn these patients, RoActemra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate.  \tRoActemra has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of joint damage as measured by X-ray and to improve physical function when given in combination with methotrexate.  RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation. RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with NSAIDs and systemic corticosteroids. RoActemra can be given as monotherapy (in case of intolerance to MTX or where treatment with MTX is inappropriate) or in combination with MTX. RoActemra in combination with methotrexate (MTX) is indicated for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic polyarthritis (pJIA; rheumatoid factor positive or negative and extended oligoarthritis) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with MTX. RoActemra can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate. RoActemra is indicated for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in adults and paediatric patients 2 years of age and older.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/roactemra","document_date":"13/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), RoActemra — EPAR, 13/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"TOFIDENCE","product_id":"1ab3207a-ebfe-4565-9ce5-3a1538815c83","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TOFIDENCE ® (tocilizumab-bavi) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for treatment of: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ( 1.1 ) Adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) ( 1.2 ) Adult patients with giant cell arteritis. Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (PJIA) ( 1.3 ) Patients 2 years of age and older with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) ( 1.4 ) Patients 2 years of age and older with active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) ( 1.5 ) Adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( 1.6 ) Hospitalized adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) TOFIDENCE ® (tocilizumab-bavi) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or more Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). 1.2 Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) TOFIDENCE (tocilizumab-bavi) is indicated for the treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in adult patients. 1.3 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (PJIA) TOFIDENCE (tocilizumab-bavi) is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients 2 years of age and older. 1.4 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) TOFIDENCE (tocilizumab-bavi) is indicated for the treatment of active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients 2 years of age and older. 1.5 Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) TOFIDENCE (tocilizumab-bavi) is indicated for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. 1.6 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) TOFIDENCE ® (tocilizumab-bavi) is indicated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older who are receiving systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1ab3207a-ebfe-4565-9ce5-3a1538815c83","document_date":"20260522","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0344","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tofacitinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tofacitinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1357536","display":"tofacitinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004214","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tofacytynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tofacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tofasitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοφασιτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тофацитиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тофацитиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Xeljanz"},{"lang":"en","text":"tofacitinib solution"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tofacitinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Xeljanz","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004214","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritisTofacitinib in combination with methotrexate (MTX) is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (see section 5.1). Tofacitinib can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or when treatment with MTX is inappropriate (see sections 4.4 and 4.5). Psoriatic arthritisTofacitinib in combination with MTX is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adult patients who have had an inadequate response or who have been intolerant to a prior disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy (see section 5.1). Ulcerative colitisTofacitinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who have had an inadequate response, lost response, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic agent (see section 5.1). Tofacitinib is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (rheumatoid factor positive [RF+] or negative [RF-] polyarthritis and extended oligoarthritis), and juvenile psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients 2 years of age and older, who have responded inadequately to previous therapy with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Tofacitinib can be given in combination with methotrexate (MTX) or as monotherapy in case of intolerance to MTX or where continued treatment with MTX is inappropriate. Ankylosing spondylitisTofacitinib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xeljanz","document_date":"10/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xeljanz — EPAR, 10/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tofacitinib","product_id":"253635c8-1ea7-41ba-b216-dea5e3305c47","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Tofacitinib tablets are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with: Moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Active psoriatic arthritis (PsA), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Active ankylosing spondylitis (AS), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with: Active PsA, who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Active polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pcJIA), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use: Use of tofacitinib tablets for RA, AS, PsA, or pcJIA in combination with biologic DMARDs or potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended. ( 1.1 , 1.2 , 1.3 , 1.4 ) Use of tofacitinib tablets for UC in combination with biological therapies for UC or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended. ( 1.5 ) 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use Use of tofacitinib tablets in combination with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use Use of tofacitinib tablets in combination with biologic DMARDs or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended. 1.3 Ankylosing Spondylitis Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use Use of tofacitinib tablets in combination with biologic DMARDs or potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended. 1.4 Polyarticular Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with of active polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pcJIA), who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use Use of tofacitinib tablets in combination with biologic DMARDs or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended. 1.5 Ulcerative Colitis Tofacitinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC), who have an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use Use of tofacitinib tablets in combination with biological therapies for UC or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine is not recommended.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=253635c8-1ea7-41ba-b216-dea5e3305c47","document_date":"20260901","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0345","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tolcapone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tolcapone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"72937","display":"tolcapone"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000132","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tolcapone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tolcaponă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tolcapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tolcapone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tolcapona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tolcapone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tolcapona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tolkapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tolkapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tolkapón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tolkapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tolkapon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τολκαπόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Толкапон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Толкапон","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tasmar"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tolcapone","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tasmar","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000132","lang":"en","text":"Tasmar is indicated in combination with levodopa / benserazide or levodopa / carbidopa for use in patients with levodopa-responsive idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and motor fluctuations, who failed to respond to or are intolerant of other catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors. Because of the risk of potentially fatal, acute liver injury, Tasmar should not be considered as a first-line adjunct therapy to levodopa / benserazide or levodopa / carbidopa. Since Tasmar should be used only in combination with levodopa / benserazide and levodopa / carbidopa, the prescribing information for these levodopa preparations is also applicable to their concomitant use with Tasmar.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tasmar","document_date":"10/09/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tasmar — EPAR, 10/09/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Tasmar","product_id":"a0e47a9d-78e7-4523-983a-aa259f221736","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS: TASMAR is indicated as an adjunct to levodopa and carbidopa for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Because of the risk of potentially fatal, acute fulminant liver failure, TASMAR (tolcapone) should ordinarily be used in patients with Parkinson's disease on l-dopa/carbidopa who are experiencing symptom fluctuations and are not responding satisfactorily to or are not appropriate candidates for other adjunctive therapies. Because of the risk of liver injury and because TASMAR, when it is effective, provides an observable symptomatic benefit, the patient who fails to show substantial clinical benefit within 3 weeks of initiation of treatment, should be withdrawn from TASMAR. The effectiveness of TASMAR was demonstrated in randomized controlled trials in patients receiving concomitant levodopa therapy with carbidopa or another aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor who experienced end of dose wearing-off phenomena as well as in patients who did not experience such phenomena (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Studies ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a0e47a9d-78e7-4523-983a-aa259f221736","document_date":"20201002","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0346","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"topotecan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/topotecan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"57308","display":"topotecan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000123","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001192","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002282","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Topotecan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Topotecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Topotecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Topotécan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Topotecán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Topotecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Topotecano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Topotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Topotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Topotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Topotekán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Topotekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τοποτεκάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Топотекан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Топотекан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Hycamtin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Topotecan Hospira"},{"lang":"en","text":"Potactasol"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"topotecan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Hycamtin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000123","lang":"en","text":"Hycamtin capsules are indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) for whom re-treatment with the first-line regimen is not considered appropriate. Topotecan is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the ovary after failure of first-line or subsequent therapy. Hycamtin capsules are indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) for whom re-treatment with the first-line regimen is not considered appropriate.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/hycamtin","document_date":"20/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Hycamtin — EPAR, 20/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Topotecan Hospira","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001192","lang":"en","text":"Topotecan monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) for whom re-treatment with the first-line regimen is not considered appropriate. Topotecan in combination with cisplatin is indicated for patients with carcinoma of the cervix recurrent after radiotherapy and for patients with stage IVB disease. Patients with prior exposure to cisplatin require a sustained treatment-free interval to justify treatment with the combination.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/topotecan-hospira","document_date":"31/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Topotecan Hospira — EPAR, 31/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Topotecan","product_id":"7636bc1e-77b6-46ad-9df0-c8bb1c5e503f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Topotecan Injection is indicated for the treatment of: small cell lung cancer sensitive disease after failure of first-line chemotherapy. In clinical studies submitted to support approval, sensitive disease was defined as disease responding to chemotherapy but subsequently progressing at least 60 days (in the Phase 3 study) or at least 90 days (in the Phase 2 studies) after chemotherapy [see Clinical Studies ( 14 ) ] . Topotecan Injection in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of: stage IV-B, recurrent, or persistent carcinoma of the cervix which is not amenable to curative treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Topotecan is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated for: small cell lung cancer sensitive disease after failure of first-line chemotherapy. ( 1 ) combination therapy with cisplatin for stage IV-B, recurrent, or persistent carcinoma of the cervix which is not amenable to curative treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7636bc1e-77b6-46ad-9df0-c8bb1c5e503f","document_date":"20251217","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0347","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"toremifene","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/toremifene","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"38409","display":"toremifene"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000091","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Toremifene","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Toremifen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Toremifen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Torémifène","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Toremifeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Toremifene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Toremifeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Toremifen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Toremifen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Toremifén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Toremifen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Toremifen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τορεμιφαίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Торемифен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тореміфен","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Fareston"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"toremifene","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Fareston","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000091","lang":"en","text":"First line hormone treatment of hormone-dependent metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal patients.Fareston is not recommended for patients with estrogen receptor negative tumours.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/fareston","document_date":"30/07/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Fareston — EPAR, 30/07/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0348","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"trabectedin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/trabectedin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1716278","display":"trabectedin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000773","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006433","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Trabectedin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trabectedină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Trabectedin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trabectédine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trabectedina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trabectedina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trabectedina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trabektedyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trabektedin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trabektedín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trabektedin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trabektedin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραβεκτεδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трабектедин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Трабектедин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Yondelis"},{"lang":"en","text":"Trabectedin Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"EVDI"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"trabectedin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Yondelis","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000773","lang":"en","text":"Yondelis is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma, after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, or who are unsuited to receive these agents. Efficacy data are based mainly on liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma patients. Yondelis in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/yondelis","document_date":"20/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Yondelis — EPAR, 20/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"EVDI","product_id":"c1d50f5c-4202-27f3-4798-a9708114ddea","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE EVDI is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received a prior anthracycline-containing regimen [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . EVDI is an alkylating drug indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received a prior anthracycline-containing regimen ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c1d50f5c-4202-27f3-4798-a9708114ddea","document_date":"20260629","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0349","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"trametinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/trametinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1425099","display":"trametinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002643","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005886","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Trametinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tramétinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trametynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trametinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραμετινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Траметиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Траметиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Mekinist"},{"lang":"en","text":"Spexotras"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"trametinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Mekinist","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002643","lang":"en","text":"Melanoma Trametinib as monotherapy or in combination with dabrafenib is indicated for the treatment of adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation (see sections 4.4 and 5.1). Trametinib monotherapy has not demonstrated clinical activity in patients who have progressed on a prior BRAF inhibitor therapy (see section 5.1). Adjuvant treatment of melanoma Trametinib in combination with dabrafenib is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older with Stage III melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation, following complete resection. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Trametinib in combination with dabrafenib is indicated for the treatment of adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with a BRAF V600 mutation. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) Trametinib in combination with dabrafenib is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation, refractory to or not eligible for radioactive iodine (RAI) who have progressed during or after prior systemic therapy (for biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mekinist","document_date":"22/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Mekinist — EPAR, 22/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Spexotras","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005886","lang":"en","text":"Low-grade glioma Spexotras in combination with dabrafenib is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and older with low-grade glioma (LGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy. High-grade glioma Spexotras in combination with dabrafenib is indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients aged 1 year and older with high-grade glioma (HGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who have received at least one prior radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/spexotras","document_date":"19/05/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Spexotras — EPAR, 19/05/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Mekinist","product_id":"0002ad27-779d-42ab-83b5-bc65453412a1","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE MEKINIST is a kinase inhibitor indicated as a single agent for the treatment of BRAF-inhibitor treatment-naïve patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) MEKINIST is indicated, in combination with dabrafenib, for: the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and involvement of lymph node(s), following complete resection. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.3 , 2.1 ) the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options. ( 1.4 , 2.1 ) the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with BRAF V600E mutation who have progressed following prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s). ( 1.5 , 2.1 ) the treatment of pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with low-grade glioma (LGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy. ( 1.6 , 2.1 ) Limitations of Use : MEKINIST is not indicated for treatment of patients with colorectal cancer because of known intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibition. ( 1.7 , 12.1 ) 1.1 BRAF V600E or V600K Mutation-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma MEKINIST ® is indicated, as a single agent in BRAF-inhibitor treatment-naïve patients or in combination with dabrafenib, for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.2 Adjuvant Treatment of BRAF V600E or V600K Mutation-Positive Melanoma MEKINIST is indicated, in combination with dabrafenib, for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test, and involvement of lymph node(s), following complete resection [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. 1.3 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic NSCLC MEKINIST is indicated, in combination with dabrafenib, for the treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.4 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer MEKINIST is indicated, in combination with dabrafenib, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.5 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors MEKINIST is indicated, in combination with dabrafenib, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with BRAF V600E mutation who have progressed following prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate and duration of response [see Clinical Studies (14.6)] . Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s). 1.6 BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Low-Grade Glioma MEKINIST is indicated, in combination with dabrafenib, for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with low-grade glioma (LGG) with a BRAF V600E mutation who require systemic therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)] . 1.7 Limitations of Use MEKINIST is not indicated for treatment of patients with colorectal cancer because of known intrinsic resistance to BRAF inhibition [see Indications and Usage (1.5), Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0002ad27-779d-42ab-83b5-bc65453412a1","document_date":"20260507","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0350","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"trastuzumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/trastuzumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"224905","display":"trastuzumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000278","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006252","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004323","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002575","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004361","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004463","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004916","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005209","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005769","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006219","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trasztuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραστουζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трастузумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Трастузумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"トラスツズマブ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"트라스투주맙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"曲妥珠单抗","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تراستوزوماب","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ट्रैस्टुज़ुमैब","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Herceptin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Tuznue"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ontruzant"},{"lang":"en","text":"Herzuma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Kanjinti"},{"lang":"en","text":"Trazimera"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ogivri"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zercepac"},{"lang":"en","text":"Herwenda"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dazublys"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0057","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"trastuzumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Herceptin","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000278","lang":"en","text":"Breast cancer Metastatic breast cancer Herceptin is indicated for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer:  as monotherapy for the treatment of those patients who have received at least two chemotherapy regimens for their metastatic disease. Prior chemotherapy must have included at least an anthracycline and a taxane unless patients are unsuitable for these treatments. Hormone-receptor-positive patients must also have failed hormonal therapy, unless patients are unsuitable for these treatments; in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease and for whom an anthracycline is not suitable; in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease; in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, not previously treated with trastuzumab.  Early breast cancer Herceptin is indicated for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer:  following surgery, chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant) and radiotherapy (if applicable); following adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel; in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel and carboplatin; in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant Herceptin therapy, for locally advanced (including inflammatory) disease or tumours >2 cm in diameter.  Herceptin should only be used in patients with metastatic or early breast cancer whose tumours have either HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification as determined by an accurate and validated assay. Metastatic gastric cancer Herceptin in combination with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction who have not received prior anticancer treatment for their metastatic disease. Herceptin should only be used in patients with metastatic gastric cancer whose tumours have HER2 overexpression as defined by IHC2+ and a confirmatory SISH or FISH result, or by an IHC3+ result. Accurate and validated assay methods should be used.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/herceptin","document_date":"02/03/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Herceptin — EPAR, 02/03/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Tuznue","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006252","lang":"en","text":"Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) For the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive MBC:  as monotherapy for the treatment of those patients who have received at least two chemotherapy regimens for their metastatic disease. Prior chemotherapy must have included at least an anthracycline and a taxane unless patients are unsuitable for these treatments. Hormone receptor positive patients must also have failed hormonal therapy unless patients are unsuitable for these treatments. in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease and for whom an anthracycline is not suitable in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of those patients who have not received chemotherapy for their metastatic disease in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor positive MBC, not previously treated with trastuzumab   Early breast cancer (EBC) For the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive EBC:  following surgery, chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant) and radiotherapy (if applicable) following adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel. in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of docetaxel and carboplatin. in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant HD201 therapy, for locally advanced (including inflammatory) disease or tumours >2 cm in diameter.   HD201 should only be used in patients with MBC or EBC whose tumours have either HER2 overexpression or HER2 gene amplification as determined by an accurate and validated assay. Metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) In combination with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction who have not received prior anti-cancer treatment for their metastatic disease. HD201 should only be used in patients with MGC whose tumours have HER2 overexpression as defined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ and a confirmatory silver-enhanced in situ hybridisation (SISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) result, or by an IHC 3+ result. Accurate and validated assay methods should be used.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tuznue","document_date":"18/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tuznue — EPAR, 18/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Herceptin","product_id":"492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Herceptin is a HER2/neu receptor antagonist indicated in adults for: The treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) The treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. ( 1.3 ) Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-authorized companion diagnostic for Herceptin ( 1 , 2.2 ). 1.1 Adjuvant Breast Cancer Herceptin is indicated in adults for adjuvant treatment of HER2 overexpressing node positive or node negative (ER/PR negative or with one high risk feature [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] ) breast cancer as part of a treatment regimen consisting of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and either paclitaxel or docetaxel as part of a treatment regimen with docetaxel and carboplatin as a single agent following multi-modality anthracycline based therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-authorized companion diagnostic for Herceptin [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . 1.2 Metastatic Breast Cancer Herceptin is indicated in adults: In combination with paclitaxel for first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer As a single agent for treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer in patients who have received one or more chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-authorized companion diagnostic for Herceptin [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . 1.3 Metastatic Gastric Cancer Herceptin is indicated in adults, in combination with cisplatin and capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil, for the treatment of patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-authorized companion diagnostic for Herceptin [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2","document_date":"20260529","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0351","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"trastuzumab-deruxtecan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/trastuzumab-deruxtecan","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005124","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtecan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab Deruxtecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab déruxtécan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtecán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtecan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtecano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab derukstekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab deruxtekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trasztuzumab-deruxtekán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab derukstekan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραστουζουμάμπη ντερουξτεκάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трастузумаб дерукстекан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Трастузумаб дерукстекан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Enhertu"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"trastuzumab deruxtecan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Enhertu","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005124","lang":"en","text":"Breast cancerHER2-positive breast cancerEnhertu as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who have received one or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens.HER2-low and HER2-ultralow breast cancerEnhertu as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic   hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-low or HER2-ultralow breast cancer who have received at least one endocrine therapy in the metastatic setting and who are not considered suitable for endocrine therapy as the next line of treatment (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). HER2-low breast cancer who have received prior chemotherapy in the metastatic setting or developed disease recurrence during or within 6 months of completing adjuvant chemotherapy (see section 4.2).  Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Enhertu as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced NSCLC whose tumours have an activating HER2 (ERBB2) mutation and who require systemic therapy following platinum-based chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy.Gastric cancer Enhertu as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma who have received a prior trastuzumab-based regimen. Other unresectable or metastatic solid tumours  Enhertu as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive (IHC3+) solid tumours who have received prior treatment and who have no satisfactory treatment options (see sections 4.4 and 5.1; for biomarker-based patient selection, see section 4.2).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/enhertu","document_date":"20/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Enhertu — EPAR, 20/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0352","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"trastuzumab-emtansine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/trastuzumab-emtansine","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002389","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Trastuzumab emtansine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab Emtansin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtanzyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtanzín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trasztuzumab-emtanzin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trastuzumab emtansin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τραστουζουμάμπη εμτανσίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трастузумаб эмтанзин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Трастузумаб емтанзин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Kadcyla"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"trastuzumab emtansine","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Kadcyla","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002389","lang":"en","text":"Early Breast Cancer (EBC) Kadcyla, as a single agent, is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who have residual invasive disease, in the breast and/or lymph nodes, after neoadjuvant taxane-based and HER2-targeted therapy. Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Kadcyla, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who previously received trastuzumab and a taxane, separately or in combination. Patients should have either:  Received prior therapy for locally advanced or metastatic disease, or Developed disease recurrence during or within six months of completing adjuvant therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kadcyla","document_date":"16/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Kadcyla — EPAR, 16/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0353","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"trenibotulinumtoxine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/trenibotulinumtoxine","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006420","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"TrenibotulinumtoxinE","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoxină E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"TrenibotulinumtoxinE","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Trénibotulinumtoxine E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoxina E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtossina E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoxina E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoksyna E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoxin E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulínumtoxín E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoxin E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Trenibotulinumtoksin E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τρενιμποτουλινουμοτοξίνη Ε","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Трениботулинумтоксин E","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Треніботулінумтоксин E","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Boey"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"trenibotulinumtoxinE","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Boey","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/006420","lang":"en","text":"Boey is indicated for the temporary improvement in the appearance of moderate to severe lines between the eyebrows seen at maximum frown (glabellar lines), when these have an important psychological impact in adult patients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/boey","document_date":"10/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Boey — EPAR, 10/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0354","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tucatinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tucatinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2361285","display":"tucatinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005263","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tucatinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tucatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tucatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tucatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tucatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tucatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tucatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tukatynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tukatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tukatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tukatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tukatinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τουκατινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тукатиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тукатиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tukysa"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tucatinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Tukysa","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005263","lang":"en","text":"Tukysa is indicated in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine for the treatment of adult patients with HER2?positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have received at least 2 prior anti-HER2 treatment regimens.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tukysa","document_date":"25/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Tukysa — EPAR, 25/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0355","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"turoctocog-alfa","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/turoctocog-alfa","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002719","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Turoctocog alfa","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocogue alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τουροκτοκόγη άλφα","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Туроктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Туроктоког альфа","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"NovoEight"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"turoctocog alfa","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"NovoEight","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002719","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency). Novoeight can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/novoeight","document_date":"19/05/2021","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), NovoEight — EPAR, 19/05/2021. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0356","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"turoctocog-alfa-pegol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/turoctocog-alfa-pegol","codes":[{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004883","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Turoctocog alfa pegol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa pégol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Turoctocogue alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Turoktokog alfa pegol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Τουροκτοκόγη άλφα πεγόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Туроктоког альфа пэгол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Туроктоког альфа пегол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Esperoct"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"turoctocog alfa pegol","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Esperoct","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004883","lang":"en","text":"Treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency).Esperoct can be used for all age groups.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/esperoct","document_date":"05/12/2024","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Esperoct — EPAR, 05/12/2024. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0357","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ublituximab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ublituximab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2626349","display":"ublituximab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005914","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ublituximab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ublituksymab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ublituximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ublituksimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ουμπλιτουξιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ублитуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ублітуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Briumvi"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ublituximab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Briumvi","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005914","lang":"en","text":"Briumvi is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) with active disease defined by clinical or imaging features.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/briumvi","document_date":"08/10/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Briumvi — EPAR, 08/10/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"BRIUMVI","product_id":"3a77cd8c-811b-407c-9140-d0c5c26435c2","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE BRIUMVI is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults. BRIUMVI is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults ( 1 , 14 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3a77cd8c-811b-407c-9140-d0c5c26435c2","document_date":"20260219","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0358","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"umeclidinium","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/umeclidinium","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1487514","display":"umeclidinium"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002809","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004654","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Umeclidinium","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Umeclidiniu","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Umeclidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Uméclidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Umeclidinio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Umeclidinio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Umeclidínio","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Umeklidynium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Umeklidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Umeklidínium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Umeklidinium","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Umeklidinyum","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ουμεκλιδίνιο","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Умеклидиний","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Умеклідиній","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"umeclidinium bromide"},{"lang":"en","text":"Incruse Ellipta (previously Incruse)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Rolufta Ellipta (previously Rolufta)"},{"lang":"en","text":"Incruse Ellipta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Umeclidinium Ellipta"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"umeclidinium","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Incruse Ellipta (previously Incruse)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002809","lang":"en","text":"Indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/incruse-ellipta","document_date":"22/07/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Incruse Ellipta (previously Incruse) — EPAR, 22/07/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Rolufta Ellipta (previously Rolufta)","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004654","lang":"en","text":"Rolufta is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rolufta-ellipta","document_date":"05/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rolufta Ellipta (previously Rolufta) — EPAR, 05/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Umeclidinium Ellipta","product_id":"763388a5-cc89-4c25-8562-521df679b7e8","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Umeclidinium ELLIPTA is indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Umeclidinium ELLIPTA is an anticholinergic indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=763388a5-cc89-4c25-8562-521df679b7e8","document_date":"20251106","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0359","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"upadacitinib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/upadacitinib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2196092","display":"upadacitinib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004760","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Upadacytynib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Upadacitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Upadasitinib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ουπαδασιτινίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Упадацитиниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Упадацитиніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Rinvoq"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"upadacitinib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Rinvoq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004760","lang":"en","text":"Rheumatoid arthritis  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Rinvoq may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.  Psoriatic arthritis  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more DMARDs. Rinvoq may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.   Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis      Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (polyarticular rheumatoid factor positive [RF+] or negative [RF-], extended oligoarticular), in patients 2 years of age and older who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more DMARDs. RINVOQ may be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.     Axial spondyloarthritis Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA)   Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in adult patients with objective signs of inflammation as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), who have responded inadequately to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).  Ankylosing spondylitis (AS, radiographic axial spondyloarthritis)   Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis in adult patients who have responded inadequately to conventional therapy.  Giant cell arteritis  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of giant cell arteritis in adult patients.  Atopic dermatitis  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults and adolescents 12 years and older who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Alopecia areata  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of severe alopecia areata in adults and adolescents 12 years and older.  Vitiligo  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo in adults and adolescents 12 years and older who are candidates for systemic therapy.  Ulcerative colitis  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response, lost response or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic agent.   Crohn’s disease  Rinvoq is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response, lost response or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic agent.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rinvoq","document_date":"13/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Rinvoq — EPAR, 13/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Rinvoq","product_id":"2966aec7-2ef0-923c-d8ff-fe1a957bf095","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. ( 1.1 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.1 ) RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with active psoriatic arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. ( 1.2 ) Limitation s of Use RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.2 ) RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with refractory, moderate to severe atopic dermatitis whose disease is not adequately controlled with other systemic drug products, including biologics, or when use of those therapies are inadvisable. ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic immunomodulators, or with other immunosuppressants. ( 1.3 ) RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. If TNF blockers are clinically inadvisable, patients should have received at least one approved systemic therapy prior to use of RINVOQ. ( 1.4 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biological therapies for UC, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.4 ) RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease (CD) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. If TNF blockers are clinically inadvisable, patients should have received at least one approved systemic therapy prior to use of RINVOQ. ( 1.5 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biological therapies for CD, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.5 ) RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. ( 1.6 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.6 ) RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to TNF blocker therapy. ( 1.7 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.7 ) RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is indicated for the treatment of patients 2 years of age and older with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. ( 1.8 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.8 ) RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with giant cell arteritis ( 1.9 ) Limitations of Use RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. ( 1.9 ) 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis RINVOQ ® is indicated for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with active psoriatic arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1.3 Atopic Dermatitis RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with refractory, moderate to severe atopic dermatitis whose disease is not adequately controlled with other systemic drug products, including biologics, or when use of those therapies are inadvisable. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic immunomodulators, or with other immunosuppressants. 1.4 Ulcerative Colitis RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. If TNF blockers are clinically inadvisable, patients should have received at least one approved systemic therapy prior to use of RINVOQ. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biological therapies for UC, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1.5 Crohn’s Disease RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease (CD) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. If TNF blockers are clinically inadvisable, patients should have received at least one approved systemic therapy prior to use of RINVOQ. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biological therapies for CD, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1. 6 Ankylosing Spondylitis RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1. 7 Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with objective signs of inflammation who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to TNF blocker therapy. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1.8 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is indicated for the treatment of patients 2 years of age and older with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more TNF blockers. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. 1.9 Giant Cell Arteritis RINVOQ is indicated for the treatment of adults with giant cell arteritis. Limitations of Use: RINVOQ is not recommended for use in combination with other JAK inhibitors, biologic DMARDs, or with potent immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2966aec7-2ef0-923c-d8ff-fe1a957bf095","document_date":"20260630","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0360","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ustekinumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ustekinumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"847083","display":"ustekinumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000958","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006101","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006183","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006132","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005918","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005805","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006544","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006221","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006444","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006467","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006794","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/006667","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ustékinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ustecinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Usztekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ustekinumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ουστεκινουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Устекинумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Устекінумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Stelara"},{"lang":"en","text":"Uzpruvo"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pyzchiva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Wezenla"},{"lang":"en","text":"Steqeyma"},{"lang":"en","text":"Fymskina"},{"lang":"en","text":"Otulfi"},{"lang":"en","text":"Imuldosa"},{"lang":"en","text":"Yesintek"},{"lang":"en","text":"Usymro"},{"lang":"en","text":"Usrenty"},{"lang":"en","text":"Usgena"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0353","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Psoriasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ustekinumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Stelara","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000958","lang":"en","text":"Adult Crohn’s Disease  Stelara is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a TNFα antagonist.  Paediatric Crohn's Disease  Stelara is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease in paediatric patients from the age of 2 years and older, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional or biologic therapy.  Adult ulcerative colitis  Stelara is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic.  Paediatric ulcerative colitis  Stelara is indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in paediatric patients from the age of 2 years and older, who have had an inadequate response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a biologic.  Plaque psoriasis  Stelara is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who failed to respond to, or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant to other systemic therapies including ciclosporin, methotrexate (MTX) or PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A) (see section 5.1).  Paediatric plaque psoriasis   Stelara is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescent patients from the age of 6 years and older, who are inadequately controlled by, or are intolerant to, other systemic therapies or phototherapies.  Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)  Stelara, alone or in combination with MTX, is indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients when the response to previous non-biological disease modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy has been inadequate (see section 5.1).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/stelara","document_date":"16/10/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Stelara — EPAR, 16/10/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Stelara","product_id":"c77a9664-e3bb-4023-b400-127aa53bca2b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE STELARA is a human interleukin-12 and -23 antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. ( 1.1 ) Active psoriatic arthritis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. ( 1.2 ) Moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. ( 1.3 ) Moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Plaque Psoriasis (PsO) STELARA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. 1.2 Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) STELARA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with active psoriatic arthritis. 1.3 Crohn's Disease (CD) STELARA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. 1.4 Ulcerative Colitis (UC) STELARA is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=c77a9664-e3bb-4023-b400-127aa53bca2b","document_date":"20260908","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0361","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"vadadustat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/vadadustat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2679296","display":"vadadustat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005131","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vadadustat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vadadusztát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vadadustat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βαδαδουστάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вададустат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вададустат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vafseo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"vadadustat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vafseo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005131","lang":"en","text":"Vafseo is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults on chronic maintenance dialysis.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vafseo","document_date":"14/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vafseo — EPAR, 14/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"VAFSEO","product_id":"ac9da724-5a62-4ab6-a89c-376a25f6195b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VAFSEO is indicated for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults who have been receiving dialysis for at least three months. Limitations of Use VAFSEO has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being. VAFSEO is not indicated for use: As a substitute for red blood cell transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia In patients with anemia due to CKD not on dialysis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . VAFSEO is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF PH) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults who have been receiving dialysis for at least three months. ( 1 ) Limitations of Use Not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being. Not indicated for use: As a substitute for transfusion in patients requiring immediate correction of anemia. ( 1 ) In patients with anemia due to CKD not on dialysis. ( 1 , 5.6 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ac9da724-5a62-4ab6-a89c-376a25f6195b","document_date":"20260330","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0362","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"vandetanib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/vandetanib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1098413","display":"vandetanib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002315","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vandetanib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vandétanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vandetanib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βαντετανίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вандетаниб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вандетаніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Caprelsa"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0097","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Thyroid Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"vandetanib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Caprelsa","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002315","lang":"en","text":"Caprelsa is indicated for the treatment of aggressive and symptomatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Caprelsa is indicated in adults, children and adolescents aged 5 years and older. For patients in whom re-arranged-during-transfection(RET) mutation is not known or is negative, a possible lower benefit should be taken into account before individual treatment decision.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/caprelsa","document_date":"05/08/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Caprelsa — EPAR, 05/08/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"CAPRELSA","product_id":"e5721cb8-4185-47b9-bbb3-1c587e558a03","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE CAPRELSA is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic or progressive medullary thyroid cancer in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Use CAPRELSA in patients with indolent, asymptomatic or slowly progressing disease only after careful consideration of the treatment related risks of CAPRELSA. CAPRELSA is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of symptomatic or progressive medullary thyroid cancer in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. ( 1 ) Use CAPRELSA in patients with indolent, asymptomatic or slowly progressing disease only after careful consideration of the treatment related risks of CAPRELSA. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e5721cb8-4185-47b9-bbb3-1c587e558a03","document_date":"20260423","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0363","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"vedolizumab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/vedolizumab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1538097","display":"vedolizumab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002782","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Védolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vedolizumab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βεδολιζουμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ведолизумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ведолізумаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Entyvio"},{"lang":"en","text":"ENTYVIO Pen"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0318","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Crohn Disease — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0319","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Colitis, Ulcerative — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"vedolizumab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Entyvio","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002782","lang":"en","text":"Ulcerative colitis Entyvio is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) antagonist. Crohn’s disease Entyvio is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response with, lost response to, or were intolerant to either conventional therapy or a tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) antagonist. Pouchitis Entyvio is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active chronic pouchitis, who have undergone proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis, and have had an inadequate response with or lost response to antibiotic therapy.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/entyvio","document_date":"15/06/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Entyvio — EPAR, 15/06/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ENTYVIO","product_id":"6e94621c-1a95-4af9-98d1-52b9e6f1949c","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ENTYVIO is indicated in adults for the treatment of: moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD). ENTYVIO is an integrin receptor antagonist indicated in adults for the treatment of: moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). ( 1 ) moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD). ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6e94621c-1a95-4af9-98d1-52b9e6f1949c","document_date":"20260429","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0364","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"vemurafenib","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/vemurafenib","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1147220","display":"vemurafenib"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002409","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vémurafénib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vemurafenib","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βεμουραφενίμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вемурафениб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вемурафеніб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zelboraf"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"vemurafenib","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zelboraf","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/002409","lang":"en","text":"Vemurafenib is indicated in monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with BRAF-V600-mutation-positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zelboraf","document_date":"19/06/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zelboraf — EPAR, 19/06/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ZELBORAF","product_id":"38eea320-7e0c-485a-bc30-98c3c45e2763","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ZELBORAF ® is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with Erdheim- Chester Disease with BRAF V600 mutation. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) Limitation of Use: ZELBORAF is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma ( 2.1 , 5.2 ) 1.1 Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. Limitation of Use: ZELBORAF is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 1.2 Erdheim-Chester Disease ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) with BRAF V600 mutation.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=38eea320-7e0c-485a-bc30-98c3c45e2763","document_date":"20260828","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0365","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"vericiguat","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/vericiguat","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2475830","display":"vericiguat"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005319","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vericiguat","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vériciguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguate","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Werycyguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vericiguát","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Verisiguat","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βερισιγκουάτη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Верицигуат","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Верицигуат","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Verquvo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0259","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Heart Failure — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"vericiguat","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Verquvo","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005319","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/verquvo","document_date":"21/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Verquvo — EPAR, 21/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"VERQUVO","product_id":"17056d73-1b1b-4bf2-9c07-b7a9367f0d6d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VERQUVO ® is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization following a hospitalization for heart failure or need for outpatient IV diuretics, in adults with symptomatic chronic HF and ejection fraction less than 45% [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . VERQUVO is a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization following a hospitalization for heart failure or need for outpatient IV diuretics, in adults with symptomatic chronic HF and ejection fraction less than 45%. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=17056d73-1b1b-4bf2-9c07-b7a9367f0d6d","document_date":"20260121","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0366","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"vildagliptin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/vildagliptin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"596554","display":"vildagliptin"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000771","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001048","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/001051","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Vildagliptin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Wildagliptyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vildagliptin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βιλνταγλιπτίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вилдаглиптин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вілдагліптин","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Galvus"},{"lang":"en","text":"Jalra"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xiliarx"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0129","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"vildagliptin","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Galvus","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000771","lang":"en","text":"Vildagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus:  as monotherapy in patients in whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance. in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes, including insulin, when these do not provide adequate glycaemic control","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/galvus","document_date":"19/02/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Galvus — EPAR, 19/02/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Jalra","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001048","lang":"en","text":"Vildagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus:  as monotherapy in patients in whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance. in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes, including insulin, when these do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jalra","document_date":"05/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Jalra — EPAR, 05/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Xiliarx","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/001051","lang":"en","text":"Vildagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus:  as monotherapy in patients in whom metformin is inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance. in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes, including insulin, when these do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xiliarx","document_date":"05/01/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Xiliarx — EPAR, 05/01/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0367","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"voriconazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/voriconazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"121243","display":"voriconazole"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000387","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002669","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/003737","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Voriconazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Voriconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Voriconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Voriconazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Voriconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Voriconazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Voriconazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Worykonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Vorikonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Vorikonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Vorikonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Vorikonazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βορικοναζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Вориконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Вориконазол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ボリコナゾール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"보리코나졸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"伏立康唑","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"فوريكونازول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वोरिकोनाज़ोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vfend"},{"lang":"en","text":"Voriconazole Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Voriconazole Hikma (previously Voriconazole Hospira)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0043","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Candidiasis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"},{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0046","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Aspergillosis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"voriconazole","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vfend","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000387","lang":"en","text":"Voriconazole, is a broad spectrum, triazole antifungal agent and is indicated in adults and children aged 2 years and above as follows:  treatment of invasive aspergillosis; treatment of in candidaemianon-neutropenic patients; treatment of fluconazole-resistant serious invasive Candida infections (including C. krusei); Treatment of serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium spp. and Fusarium spp.  Vfend should be administered primarily to patients with progressive, possibly life-threatening infections. Prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in high risk allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vfend","document_date":"21/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vfend — EPAR, 21/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Voriconazole","product_id":"23f25c6b-f075-42dc-ae05-63b5bf410929","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Voriconazole tablets are an azole antifungal indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with: Invasive aspergillosis ( 1.1 ) Candidemia in non-neutropenics and other deep tissue Candida infections ( 1.2 ) Esophageal candidiasis ( 1.3 ) Serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium species including Fusarium solani , in patients intolerant of, or refractory to, other therapy ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Invasive Aspergillosis Voriconazole is indicated in adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). In clinical trials, the majority of isolates recovered were Aspergillus fumigatus . There was a small number of cases of culture-proven disease due to species of Aspergillus other than A. fumigatus [see Clinical Studies (14.1 , 14.5 ) and Microbiology (12.4) ] . 1.2 Candidemia in Non-neutropenic Patients and Other Deep Tissue Candida Infections Voriconazole is indicated in adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) for the treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients and the following Candida infections: disseminated infections in skin and infections in abdomen, kidney, bladder wall, and wounds [see Clinical Studies (14.2 , 14.5) and Microbiology (12.4) ] . 1.3 Esophageal Candidiasis Voriconazole is indicated in adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis (EC) [see Clinical Studies (14.3 , 14.5) and Microbiology (12.4) ] . 1.4 Scedosporiosis and Fusariosis Voriconazole is indicated for the treatment of serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum (asexual form of Pseudallescheria boydii ) and Fusarium spp. including Fusarium solani , in adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) intolerant of, or refractory to, other therapy [see Clinical Studies (14.4) and Microbiology (12.4) ] . 1.5 Usage Specimens for fungal culture and other relevant laboratory studies (including histopathology) should be obtained prior to therapy to isolate and identify causative organism(s). Therapy may be instituted before the results of the cultures and other laboratory studies are known. However, once these results become available, antifungal therapy should be adjusted accordingly.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=23f25c6b-f075-42dc-ae05-63b5bf410929","document_date":"20260528","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0368","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"zanamivir","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/zanamivir","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"69722","display":"zanamivir"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004102","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Zanamivir","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zanamiwir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zanamivir","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ζαναμιβίρη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Занамивир","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Занамівір","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Dectova"},{"lang":"en","text":"RELENZA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"zanamivir","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Dectova","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/004102","lang":"en","text":"Dectova is indicated for the treatment of complicated and potentially life-threatening influenza A or B virus infection in adult and paediatric patients (aged ?6 months) when:  The patient’s influenza virus is known or suspected to be resistant to anti-influenza medicinal products other than zanamivir, and/or Other anti-viral medicinal products for treatment of influenza, including inhaled zanamivir, are not suitable for the individual patient.  Dectova should be used in accordance with official guidance.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/dectova","document_date":"10/11/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Dectova — EPAR, 10/11/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"RELENZA","product_id":"b4e68930-4e6d-4d27-b1f0-abf60d12e28d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RELENZA, an influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), is indicated for: Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza type A and B infections in patients aged 7 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. ( 1.1 ) Prophylaxis of influenza in patients aged 5 years and older. ( 1.2 ) Important Limitations of Use: Not recommended for treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in: • Individuals with underlying airways disease. ( 5.1 ) Not proven effective for: • Treatment in individuals with underlying airways disease. ( 1.3 ) • Prophylaxis in nursing home residents. ( 1.3 ) Not a substitute for annual influenza vaccination. ( 1.3 ) Consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use RELENZA. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Treatment of Influenza RELENZA (zanamivir) inhalation powder is indicated for treatment of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza A and B virus in adults and pediatric patients aged 7 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. 1.2 Prophylaxis of Influenza RELENZA is indicated for prophylaxis of influenza in adults and pediatric patients aged 5 years and older. 1.3 Important Limitations of Use • RELENZA is not recommended for treatment or prophylaxis of influenza in individuals with underlying airways disease (such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) due to risk of serious bronchospasm [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . • RELENZA has not been proven effective for treatment of influenza in individuals with underlying airways disease. • RELENZA has not been proven effective for prophylaxis of influenza in the nursing home setting. • RELENZA is not a substitute for early influenza vaccination on an annual basis as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control's Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. • Influenza viruses change over time. Emergence of resistance mutations could decrease drug effectiveness. Other factors (for example, changes in viral virulence) might also diminish clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Prescribers should consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use RELENZA. • There is no evidence for efficacy of zanamivir in any illness caused by agents other than influenza virus A and B. • Patients should be advised that the use of RELENZA for treatment of influenza has not been shown to reduce the risk of transmission of influenza to others.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b4e68930-4e6d-4d27-b1f0-abf60d12e28d","document_date":"20260723","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0369","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"zilucoplan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/zilucoplan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2672489","display":"zilucoplan"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005450","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Zilucoplan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Zilucoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zilucoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Zilucoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Zilucoplán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Zilucoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Zilucoplano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zilukoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zilukoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zilukoplán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zilukoplán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zilukoplan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ζιλουκοπλάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Зилукоплан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зилукоплан","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zilbrysq"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0212","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Myasthenia Gravis — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"zilucoplan","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zilbrysq","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005450","lang":"en","text":"Zilbrysq is indicated as an add-on to standard therapy for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult patients who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zilbrysq","document_date":"09/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zilbrysq — EPAR, 09/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"ZILBRYSQ","product_id":"9f1d53d6-e495-4a3a-8bb9-680a15d25034","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ZILBRYSQ is indicated for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult patients who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive. ZILBRYSQ is a complement inhibitor indicated for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in adult patients who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody positive. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9f1d53d6-e495-4a3a-8bb9-680a15d25034","document_date":"20260203","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0370","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"zolbetuximab","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/zolbetuximab","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2695869","display":"zolbetuximab"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/005868","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Zolbétuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuksymab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuximab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zolbetuksimab","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ζολμπετουξιμάμπη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Золбетуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Золбетуксимаб","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Vyloy"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0057","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Stomach Neoplasms — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"zolbetuximab","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Vyloy","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/005868","lang":"en","text":"Vyloy, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2 negative gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumours are Claudin (CLDN) 18.2 positive (see section 4.2).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/vyloy","document_date":"11/09/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Vyloy — EPAR, 11/09/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"VYLOY","product_id":"e7695a21-abb6-47ac-93f8-0ece5a9c4409","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE VYLOY, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‑negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors are claudin (CLDN) 18.2 positive as determined by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 ) and Clinical Studies ( 14 )]. VYLOY is a claudin 18.2-directed cytolytic antibody and is indicated in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma whose tumors are claudin (CLDN) 18.2 positive as determined by an FDA-approved test ( 1 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e7695a21-abb6-47ac-93f8-0ece5a9c4409","document_date":"20260811","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0371","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"zoledronic-acid","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/zoledronic-acid","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"77655","display":"zoledronic acid"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000336","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000595","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002439","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002482","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/002667","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Zoledronic acid","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Acid zoledronic","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zoledronsäure","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Acide zolédronique","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ácido zoledrónico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Acido zoledronico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ácido zoledrónico","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Kwas zoledronowy","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kyselina zoledronová","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kyselina zoledrónová","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zoledronsav","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zoledronik asit","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ζολεδρονικό οξύ","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Золедроновая кислота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Золедронова кислота","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ゾレドロン酸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"졸레드론산","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"唑来膦酸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"حمض الزوليدرونيك","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ज़ोलेड्रोनिक एसिड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zometa"},{"lang":"en","text":"Aclasta"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zoledronic acid Teva"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zoledronic acid Mylan"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zoledronic Acid Accord"},{"lang":"en","text":"Reclast"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0396","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Osteitis Deformans — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"zoledronic acid","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Aclasta","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000595","lang":"en","text":"Treatment of osteoporosis:  in post-menopausal women; in men;  at increased risk of fracture, including those with a recent low-trauma hip fracture. Treatment of osteoporosis associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy in post-menopausal women and in men at increased risk of fracture. Treatment of Paget's disease of the bone.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/aclasta","document_date":"20/04/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Aclasta — EPAR, 20/04/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"EU","product":"Zometa","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000336","lang":"en","text":"Prevention of skeletal related events (pathological fractures, spinal compression, radiation or surgery to bone, or tumour-induced hypercalcaemia) in patients with advanced malignancies involving bone; treatment of tumour-induced hypercalcaemia (TIH); prevention of skeletal related events (pathological fractures, spinal compression, radiation or surgery to bone, or tumour-induced hypercalcaemia) in patients with advanced malignancies involving bone; treatment of tumour-induced hypercalcaemia (TIH); prevention of skeletal related events (pathological fractures, spinal compression, radiation or surgery to bone, or tumour-induced hypercalcaemia) in adult patients with advanced malignancies involving bone; treatment of adult patients with tumour-induced hypercalcaemia (TIH).","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zometa","document_date":"11/08/2025","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zometa — EPAR, 11/08/2025. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Zoledronic Acid","product_id":"80006f10-85a3-4390-b5dc-3b2097134f3d","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Zoledronic acid injection is a bisphosphonate indicated for: • Treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) • Treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis ( 1.3 ) • Treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis ( 1.4 ) • Treatment of Paget’s disease of bone in men and women ( 1.5 ) Limitations of Use Optimal duration of use has not been determined. For patients at low-risk for fracture, consider drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use ( 1.6 ) 1.1 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Zoledronic acid injection is indicated for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, diagnosed by bone mineral density (BMD) or prevalent vertebral fracture, zoledronic acid injection reduces the incidence of fractures (hip, vertebral, and non-vertebral osteoporosis-related fractures). In patients at high risk of fracture, defined as a recent low-trauma hip fracture, zoledronic acid injection reduces the incidence of new clinical fractures [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . 1.2 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Zoledronic acid injection is indicated for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . 1.3 Osteoporosis in Men Zoledronic acid injection is indicated for treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . 1.4 Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Zoledronic acid injection is indicated for the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men and women who are either initiating or continuing systemic glucocorticoids in a daily dosage equivalent to 7.5 mg or greater of prednisone and who are expected to remain on glucocorticoids for at least 12 months [see Clinical Studies (14.4) ] . 1.5 Paget's Disease of Bone Zoledronic acid injection is indicated for treatment of Paget's disease of bone in men and women. Treatment is indicated in patients with Paget’s disease of bone with elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase of two times or higher than the upper limit of the age-specific normal reference range, or those who are symptomatic, or those at risk for complications from their disease [see Clinical Studies (14.5) ] . 1.6 Important Limitations of Use The safety and effectiveness of zoledronic acid injection for the treatment of osteoporosis is based on clinical data of three years duration. The optimal duration of use has not been determined. All patients on bisphosphonate therapy should have the need for continued therapy reevaluated on a periodic basis. Patients at low-risk for fracture should be considered for drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use. Patients who discontinue therapy should have their risk for fracture reevaluated periodically.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=80006f10-85a3-4390-b5dc-3b2097134f3d","document_date":"20260318","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0372","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"zonisamide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/zonisamide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"39998","display":"zonisamide"},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/000577","display":null},{"system":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/product-number","code":"EMEA/H/C/004127","display":null}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Zonisamide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Zonizamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Zonisamid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ζονισαμίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Зонисамид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Зонісамід","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Zonegran"},{"lang":"en","text":"Zonisamide Viatris (previously Zonisamide Mylan)"}],"definitions":[],"links":[{"relation":"indicated_for","target":"CON-0208","evidence":"EMA therapeutic area (MeSH): Epilepsy — the same MeSH heading as the MedlinePlus topic of the condition.","source_id":"ema-medicines","review":"source_quoted"}],"attribution":["Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA) — EPAR. © European Medicines Agency.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"zonisamide","indications":[{"region":"EU","product":"Zonegran","product_id":"EMEA/H/C/000577","lang":"en","text":"Zonegran is indicated as:  monotherapy in the treatment of partial seizures, with or without secondary generalisation, in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy; adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures, with or without secondary generalisation, in adults, adolescents, and children aged six years and above.","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zonegran","document_date":"22/07/2026","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Source: European Medicines Agency (EMA), Zonegran — EPAR, 22/07/2026. © European Medicines Agency.","note":"Indication approved in the European Union (EMA).","source_id":"ema-medicines"},{"region":"US","product":"Zonisamide","product_id":"40094d96-e979-4b3e-840f-a96677480f96","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Zonisamide capsules are indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=40094d96-e979-4b3e-840f-a96677480f96","document_date":"20260818","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0373","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"metoprolol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/metoprolol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6918","display":"metoprolol"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Metoprolol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Métoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metoprololo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μετοπρολόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метопролол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метопролол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"メトプロロール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"메토프롤롤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"美托洛尔","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ميتوبرولول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेटोप्रोलोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"METOPROLOL TARTRATE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"metoprolol","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"METOPROLOL TARTRATE","product_id":"59ed27b8-32b5-60c0-e063-6394a90a8a23","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Metoprolol tartrate tablet is a beta-adrenergic blocker indicated for the treatment of: • Hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) • Angina Pectoris. ( 1.2 ) • Myocardial Infarction, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality when used in conjunction with intravenous metoprolol therapy in patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable patients. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Hypertension Metoprolol tartrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including metoprolol. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Metoprolol tartrate tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. 1.2 Angina Pectoris Metoprolol tartrate tablets are indicated in the long-term treatment of angina pectoris, to reduce angina attacks and to improve exercise tolerance. 1.3 Myocardial Infarction Metoprolol tartrate tablets are indicated in the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction to reduce cardiovascular mortality when used alone or in conjunction with intravenous metoprolol.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=59ed27b8-32b5-60c0-e063-6394a90a8a23","document_date":"20260826","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0374","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"bisoprolol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/bisoprolol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"19484","display":"bisoprolol"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprololo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Bizoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Bisoprolol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βισοπρολόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Бисопролол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Бісопролол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ビソプロロール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"비소프롤롤","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"比索洛尔","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بيسوبرولول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बिसोप्रोलोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"BISOPROLOL FUMARATE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"bisoprolol","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Bisoprolol Fumarate","product_id":"6ebe6ec0-6223-425c-9f3b-8ab8dd8b3f5f","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Bisoprolol fumarate tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6ebe6ec0-6223-425c-9f3b-8ab8dd8b3f5f","document_date":"20260409","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0375","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ramipril","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ramipril","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"35296","display":"ramipril"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ramipril","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ramipryl","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Ramipril","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ραμιπρίλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Рамиприл","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Раміприл","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ラミプリル","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"라미프릴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"雷米普利","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"راميبريل","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रामिप्रिल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ramipril","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Ramipril","product_id":"45707435-4fc8-457e-9ff2-02d7be9b4a6e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ramipril capsules are an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. It may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics (1.1) . In patients 55 years or older at high risk of developing a major cardiovascular event, ramipril capsules are indicated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes ( 1.2 ). Ramipril capsules are indicated in stable patients who have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure post-myocardial infarction (1.3) . 1.1 Hypertension Ramipril capsules are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Ramipril capsules may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics. 1.2 Reduction in the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Death from Cardiovascular Causes Ramipril capsules are indicated in patients 55 years or older at high risk of developing a major cardiovascular event because of a history of coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes that is accompanied by at least one other cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, elevated total cholesterol levels, low HDL levels, cigarette smoking, or documented microalbuminuria), to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. Ramipril capsules can be used in addition to other needed treatment (such as antihypertensive, antiplatelet, or lipid-lowering therapy) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. 1.3 Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction Ramipril capsules are indicated in stable patients who have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure within the first few days after sustaining acute myocardial infarction. Administration of ramipril capsules to such patients have been shown to decrease the risk of death (principally cardiovascular death) and to decrease the risks of failure-related hospitalization and progression to severe/resistant heart failure [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] .","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=45707435-4fc8-457e-9ff2-02d7be9b4a6e","document_date":"20260904","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0376","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"losartan","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/losartan","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"52175","display":"losartan"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Losartan","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Losartán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lozartán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Losartan","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοσαρτάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лозартан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лозартан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ロサルタン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"로사르탄","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"氯沙坦","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"لوسارتان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लोसार्टन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Losartan Potassium"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"losartan","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Losartan Potassium","product_id":"9501dfaa-c8cf-46d6-8bec-936c4fd8fe03","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Losartan potassium tablet is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: • Treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure in adults and children greater than 6 years old. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. ( 1.1 ) • Reduction of the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. There is evidence that this benefit does not apply to Black patients. ( 1.2 ) • Treatment of diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension. ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Hypertension Losartan potassium tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarction. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including losartan. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in Black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Losartan potassium tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. 1.2 Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Losartan potassium tablets are indicated to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, but there is evidence that this benefit does not apply to Black patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 1.3 Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Losartan potassium tablets are indicated for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g) in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension. In this population, losartan potassium tablet reduces the rate of progression of nephropathy as measured by the occurrence of doubling of serum creatinine or end stage renal disease (need for dialysis or renal transplantation) [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ].","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9501dfaa-c8cf-46d6-8bec-936c4fd8fe03","document_date":"20260716","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0377","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"amlodipine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/amlodipine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"17767","display":"amlodipine"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Amlodipine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Amlodypina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amlodipin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμλοδιπίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Амлодипин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Амлодипін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アムロジピン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"암로디핀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"氨氯地平","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أملوديبين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एम्लोडिपिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Katerzia"},{"lang":"en","text":"NORLIQVA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"amlodipine","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"NORLIQVA","product_id":"614d974f-51c7-4b18-8171-39eb6e8d4c03","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE NORLIQVA is a calcium channel blocker for the treatment of: Hypertension ( 1.1 ) NORLIQVA is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and children 6 years of age and older, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. Coronary Artery Disease ( 1.2 ) Chronic Stable Angina Vasospastic Angina (Prinzmetal's or Variant Angina) Angiographically Documented Coronary Artery Disease in patients without heart failure or an ejection fraction <40% 1.1 Hypertension NORLIQVA ® is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure in adults and children 6 years of age and older. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including NORLIQVA. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. NORLIQVA may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. 1.2 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Chronic Stable Angina NORLIQVA is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina. NORLIQVA may be used alone or in combination with other antianginal agents. Vasospastic Angina (Prinzmetal's or Variant Angina) NORLIQVA is indicated for the treatment of confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. NORLIQVA may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antianginal agents. Angiographically Documented CAD In patients with recently documented CAD by angiography and without heart failure or an ejection fraction <40%, NORLIQVA is indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization for angina and to reduce the risk of a coronary revascularization procedure.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=614d974f-51c7-4b18-8171-39eb6e8d4c03","document_date":"20260216","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0378","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"atorvastatin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/atorvastatin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"83367","display":"atorvastatin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Atorvastatin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Atorwastatyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Atorvasztatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Atorvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ατορβαστατίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Аторвастатин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аторвастатин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アトルバスタチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아토르바스타틴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿托伐他汀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أتورفاستاتين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एटोरवास्टेटिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"atorvastatin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Atorvastatin Calcium","product_id":"09cb8375-075c-47e8-a4eb-8ac667ed849e","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Atorvastatin calcium is indicated: To reduce the risk of: Myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, revascularization procedures, and angina in adults with multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) but without clinically evident CHD MI and stroke in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus with multiple risk factors for CHD but without clinically evident CHD Non-fatal MI, fatal and non-fatal stroke, revascularization procedures, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, and angina in adults with clinically evident CHD As an adjunct to diet to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in: Adults with primary hyperlipidemia. Adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies, or alone if such treatments are unavailable, to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with: Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia Hypertriglyceridemia Atorvastatin calcium is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) indicated ( 1 ): To reduce the risk of: Myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, revascularization procedures, and angina in adults with multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) but without clinically evident CHD. MI and stroke in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus with multiple risk factors for CHD but without clinically evident CHD. Non-fatal MI, fatal and non-fatal stroke, revascularization procedures, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, and angina in adults with clinically evident CHD. As an adjunct to diet to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in: Adults with primary hyperlipidemia. Adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with: Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia. Hypertriglyceridemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=09cb8375-075c-47e8-a4eb-8ac667ed849e","document_date":"20260731","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0379","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"simvastatin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/simvastatin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"36567","display":"simvastatin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Simvastatin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sinvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Symwastatyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szimvasztatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Simvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σιμβαστατίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Симвастатин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Симвастатин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シンバスタチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"심바스타틴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"辛伐他汀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيمفاستاتين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिमवास्टेटिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"simvastatin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"SIMVASTATIN","product_id":"0ccb324f-877d-4f32-a769-7cd1637b7fad","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Simvastatin tablets USP are indicated: To reduce the risk of total mortality by reducing risk of coronary heart disease death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke, and the need for coronary and non-coronary revascularization procedures in adults with established coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and/or diabetes, who are at high risk of coronary heart disease events. As an adjunct to diet to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): In adults with primary hyperlipidemia. In adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies to reduce LDL-C in adults with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with: Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia. Hypertriglyceridemia. Simvastatin tablets USP are an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of total mortality by reducing risk of coronary heart disease death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke, and the need for coronary and non-coronary revascularization procedures in adults with established coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and/or diabetes, who are at high risk of coronary heart disease events. As an adjunct to diet to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C): In adults with primary hyperlipidemia. In adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies to reduce LDL-C in adults with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with: Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia. Hypertriglyceridemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0ccb324f-877d-4f32-a769-7cd1637b7fad","document_date":"20260323","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0380","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"rosuvastatin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/rosuvastatin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"301542","display":"rosuvastatin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Rosuvastatin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Rosuwastatyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Rozuvasztatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Rosuvastatin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ροσουβαστατίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Розувастатин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Розувастатин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ロスバスタチン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"로수바스타틴","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"瑞舒伐他汀","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"روسوفاستاتين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"रोसुवास्टेटिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"rosuvastatin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Rosuvastatin","product_id":"6ebaefa9-2c71-4777-8730-83cf5ae737cc","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Rosuvastatin tablets are indicated: To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or an arterial revascularization procedure) in adults without established coronary heart disease who are at increased risk of CV disease based on age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥2 mg/L, and at least one additional CV risk factor. As an adjunct to diet to: Reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults with primary hyperlipidemia. Reduce LDL-C and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in adults. Reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 8 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies, or alone if such treatments are unavailable, to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 7 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with: Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia. Hypertriglyceridemia. Rosuvastatin tablets are an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin) indicated: ( 1 ) To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or an arterial revascularization procedure) in adults without established coronary heart disease who are at increased risk of CV disease based on age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ≥2 mg/L, and at least one additional CV risk factor. As an adjunct to diet to: reduce LDL-C in adults with primary hyperlipidemia. reduce LDL-C and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in adults. reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 8 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies, or alone if such treatments are unavailable, to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 7 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with: Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia. Hypertriglyceridemia.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6ebaefa9-2c71-4777-8730-83cf5ae737cc","document_date":"20260827","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0381","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"amiodarone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/amiodarone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"703","display":"amiodarone"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Amiodarone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amiodaronă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Amiodaron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amiodarone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amiodarona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amiodarone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amiodarona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Amiodaron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Amiodaron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Amiodarón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Amiodaron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amiodaron","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμιωδαρόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Амиодарон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Аміодарон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アミオダロン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아미오다론","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"胺碘酮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أميودارون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एमियोडेरोन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pacerone"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"amiodarone","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Amiodarone Hydrochloride","product_id":"4c149392-a4f0-4e2d-a13f-2b94810005de","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of documented, life-threatening recurrent ventricular fibrillation and life-threatening recurrent hemodynamically unstable tachycardia in adults who have not responded to adequate doses of other available antiarrhythmics or when alternative agents cannot be tolerated. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets are an antiarrhythmic indicated for: Recurrent ventricular fibrillation. ( 1 ) Recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4c149392-a4f0-4e2d-a13f-2b94810005de","document_date":"20260805","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0382","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"warfarin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/warfarin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"11289","display":"warfarin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Warfarin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Warfarină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Warfarin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Warfarine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Warfarina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Warfarin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Varfarina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Warfaryna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Warfarin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Warfarín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Warfarin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Varfarin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βαρφαρίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Варфарин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Варфарин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ワルファリン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"와파린","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"华法林","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"وارفارين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"वारफारिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Warfarin Sodium"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"warfarin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Warfarin Sodium","product_id":"5a5b5e3a-6556-a542-e063-6294a90a6d3f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Warfarin sodium tablets are indicated for: Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism (PE). Prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or cardiac valve replacement. Reduction in the risk of death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), and thromboembolic events such as stroke or systemic embolization after myocardial infarction. Limitations of Use Warfarin sodium tablets have no direct effect on an established thrombus, nor does it reverse ischemic tissue damage. Once a thrombus has occurred, however, the goals of anticoagulant treatment are to prevent further extension of the formed clot and to prevent secondary thromboembolic complications that may result in serious and possibly fatal sequelae. Warfarin sodium tablets are vitamin K antagonist indicated for: Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism. (1) Prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation and/or cardiac valve replacement. (1) Reduction in the risk of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke or systemic embolization after myocardial infarction. (1) Limitations of Use Warfarin sodium tablets have no direct effect on an established thrombus, nor does it reverse ischemic tissue damage. (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5a5b5e3a-6556-a542-e063-6294a90a6d3f","document_date":"20260831","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0383","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"apixaban","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/apixaban","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"1364430","display":"apixaban"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Apixaban","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Apixaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Apixaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Apixaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Apixabán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Apixaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Apixabano","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Apiksaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Apixaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Apixabán","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Apixaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Apiksaban","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Απιξαμπάνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Апиксабан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Апіксабан","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アピキサバン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아픽사반","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿哌沙班","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أبيكسابان","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एपिक्साबैन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ELIQUIS"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"apixaban","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"ELIQUIS","product_id":"a454cd24-0c6d-46e8-b1e4-197388606175","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ELIQUIS is a factor Xa inhibitor indicated: • to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. (1.1) • for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), in adult patients who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery. (1.2) • for the treatment of DVT and PE, and for the reduction in the risk of recurrent DVT and PE in adult patients following initial therapy. (1.3 , 1.4 , 1.5) • Treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and reduction in the risk of recurrent VTE in pediatric patients from birth and older after at least 5 days of initial anticoagulant treatment. (1.6) 1.1 Reduction of Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ELIQUIS is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. 1.2 Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery ELIQUIS is indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), in adult patients who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery. 1.3 Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis ELIQUIS is indicated for the treatment of adults with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). 1.4 Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism ELIQUIS is indicated for the treatment of adults with pulmonary embolism (PE). 1.5 Reduction in the Risk of Recurrence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism ELIQUIS is indicated to reduce the risk of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in adult patients following initial therapy. 1.6 Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism and Reduction in the Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatric Patients ELIQUIS is indicated for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and reduction in the risk of recurrent VTE in pediatric patients from birth and older after at least 5 days of initial anticoagulant treatment.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a454cd24-0c6d-46e8-b1e4-197388606175","document_date":"20260424","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0384","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"metformin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/metformin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6809","display":"metformin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Metformin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Metformină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Metformin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Metformine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Metformina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Metformina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Metformina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Metformina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Metformin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Metformín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Metformin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Metformin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μετφορμίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Метформин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Метформін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"メトホルミン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"메트포르민","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"二甲双胍","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ميتفورمين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"मेटफॉर्मिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Metformin Hydrochloride"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"metformin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Metformin Hydrochloride","product_id":"7e41818c-60e9-4bcf-9586-7bb8d33d5e89","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets are a biguanide indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=7e41818c-60e9-4bcf-9586-7bb8d33d5e89","document_date":"20260615","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0385","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"salbutamol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/salbutamol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"435","display":"albuterol"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Salbutamol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szalbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Salbutamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σαλβουταμόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сальбутамол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сальбутамол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"サルブタモール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"살부타몰","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"沙丁胺醇","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سالبوتامول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सैल्बुटामोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ALBUTEROL SULFATE"},{"lang":"en","text":"Albuterol Sulfate HFA"},{"lang":"en","text":"Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation"},{"lang":"en","text":"VENTOLIN HFA"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"salbutamol","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Albuterol Sulfate","product_id":"17858afa-dcdf-4612-b475-3b6baadfb639","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Aerosol is a beta 2 -adrenergic agonist indicated for: Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. ( 1.1 ) Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Bronchospasm Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Aerosol is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. 1.2 Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Albuterol Sulfate Inhalation Aerosol is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=17858afa-dcdf-4612-b475-3b6baadfb639","document_date":"20260806","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0386","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"budesonide","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/budesonide","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"19831","display":"budesonide"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Budesonide","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Budesonidă","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Budesonid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Budésonide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Budesonida","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Budesonide","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Budesonido","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Budezonid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Budesonid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Budezonid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Budezonid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Budesonid","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Βουδεσονίδη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Будесонид","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Будесонід","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ブデソニド","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"부데소니드","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"布地奈德","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بوديسونيد","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"बुडेसोनाइड","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Budesonide Inhalation"},{"lang":"en","text":"PULMICORT FLEXHALER"},{"lang":"en","text":"PULMICORT RESPULES"},{"lang":"en","text":"Uceris"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"budesonide","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Budesonide","product_id":"3235e2a4-8e12-2d58-e063-6294a90a4936","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Budesonide inhalation suspension is an inhaled corticosteroid indicated for: Maintenance treatment of asthma and as prophylactic therapy in children 12 months to 8 years of age ( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm ( 1 ) 1.1 Maintenance Treatment of Asthma Budesonide inhalation suspension is indicated for the maintenance treatment of asthma and as prophylactic therapy in children 12 months to 8 years of age. Limitations of Use: Budesonide inhalation suspension is NOT indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=3235e2a4-8e12-2d58-e063-6294a90a4936","document_date":"20260716","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0387","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cetirizine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cetirizine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"20610","display":"cetirizine"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cetirizine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cétirizine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cetyryzyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cetirizin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Setirizin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σετιριζίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Цетиризин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Цетиризин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"セチリジン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"세티리진","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"西替利嗪","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيتيريزين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सेटिरिज़िन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Cetirizine HCl"},{"lang":"en","text":"Cetirizine Hydrochloride"},{"lang":"en","text":"ZERVIATE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cetirizine","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Cetirizine HCl","product_id":"04b08c52-5390-4cdb-a9e7-fca81fffdc73","lang":"en","text":"Uses temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: • runny nose, • sneezing, • itchy, watery eyes, • itching of the nose or throat","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=04b08c52-5390-4cdb-a9e7-fca81fffdc73","document_date":"20260807","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0388","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"loratadine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/loratadine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"28889","display":"loratadine"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Loratadine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Loratadină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Loratadin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Loratadine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Loratadina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Loratadina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Loratadina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Loratadyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Loratadin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Loratadín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Loratadin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Loratadin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοραταδίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лоратадин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лоратадин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ロラタジン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"로라타딘","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"氯雷他定","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"لوراتادين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लोराटाडाइन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ALLERGY RELIEF"},{"lang":"en","text":"Childrens Loratadine Oral"},{"lang":"en","text":"Claritin Chewable Grape and Bubblegum"},{"lang":"en","text":"DYE-FREE CHILDRENS LORATADINE"},{"lang":"en","text":"Loratadine ODT"},{"lang":"en","text":"Loratadine antihistamine"},{"lang":"en","text":"Nuvicare-Allergy Relief Loratadine Tablets, 10 mg"},{"lang":"en","text":"careone childrens allergy relief"},{"lang":"en","text":"dg health allergy relief"},{"lang":"en","text":"signature care allergy relief"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"loratadine","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Loratadine","product_id":"0a0d700d-bdba-4c90-a947-5d61d40ce4df","lang":"en","text":"Uses Temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other respiratory allergies: • runny nose • sneezing • itchy, watery eyes • itching of the nose or throat","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0a0d700d-bdba-4c90-a947-5d61d40ce4df","document_date":"20260528","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0389","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"paracetamol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/paracetamol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"161","display":"acetaminophen"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Paracetamol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Paracétamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Paracetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Parasetamol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Παρακεταμόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Парацетамол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Парацетамол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アセトアミノフェン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아세트아미노펜","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"对乙酰氨基酚","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"باراسيتامول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"पैरासिटामोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ACETAMINOPHEN"},{"lang":"en","text":"Acetaminophen Extra Strength"},{"lang":"en","text":"Childrens Pain Relief"},{"lang":"en","text":"Childrens Pain and Fever"},{"lang":"en","text":"DOVER AMINOPHEN"},{"lang":"en","text":"Dover Aminofen"},{"lang":"en","text":"EXTRA STRENGTH PAIN RELEIF"},{"lang":"en","text":"Extra Strength Pain Relief"},{"lang":"en","text":"MEDI FIRST PLUS Non-Aspirin"},{"lang":"en","text":"MEMBERS MARK ACETAMINOPHEN"},{"lang":"en","text":"Medi-First Non-Aspirin"},{"lang":"en","text":"Medique APAP"},{"lang":"en","text":"Pain Reliever Extra Strength"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"paracetamol","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"ACETAMINOPHEN","product_id":"00eb3e4b-1507-4c9a-83a5-ef50cb312753","lang":"en","text":"USES For Arthritis Pain label • temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: • minor pain of arthritis • muscular aches • backache • premenstrual and menstrual cramps • the common cold • headache • toothache • temporarily reduces fever For Muscle Aches & Pain label • temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to: • muscular aches • backache • minor pain of arthritis • toothache • premenstrual and menstrual cramps • headache • the common cold • temporarily reduces fever","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=00eb3e4b-1507-4c9a-83a5-ef50cb312753","document_date":"20260615","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0390","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ibuprofen","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ibuprofen","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"5640","display":"ibuprofen"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ibuprofen","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofène","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofene","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofeno","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofén","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ibuprofen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"İbuprofen","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ιβουπροφαίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ибупрофен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ібупрофен","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"イブプロフェン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"이부프로펜","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"布洛芬","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"إيبوبروفين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"आइबुप्रोफेन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"CareOne Ibuprofen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Concentrated ibuprofen infants"},{"lang":"en","text":"Equate Ibuprofen"},{"lang":"en","text":"Ibuprofen Dye Free"},{"lang":"en","text":"Topcare Infants Ibuprofen"},{"lang":"en","text":"care one ibuprofen"},{"lang":"en","text":"childrens ibuprofen"},{"lang":"en","text":"leader Ibuprofen"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ibuprofen","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Ibuprofen","product_id":"0387bfaa-daca-48ec-b718-0216a848c16a","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Ibuprofen Tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use Ibuprofen Tablets. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see WARNINGS ]. Ibuprofen Tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ibuprofen Tablets are indicated for relief of mild to moderate pain. Ibuprofen Tablets are also indicated for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of Ibuprofen Tablets in children have not been conducted.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0387bfaa-daca-48ec-b718-0216a848c16a","document_date":"20260710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0391","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"diclofenac","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/diclofenac","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"3355","display":"diclofenac"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Diclofenac","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Diclofenac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Diclofenac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Diclofénac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Diclofenaco","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Diclofenac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Diclofenac","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Diklofenak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Diklofenak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Diklofenak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Diklofenák","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diklofenak","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Δικλοφενάκη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Диклофенак","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Диклофенак","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ジクロフェナク","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"디클로페낙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"双氯芬酸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ديكلوفيناك","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डाइक्लोफेनाक","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"DICLOFENAC SODIUM"},{"lang":"en","text":"Diclofenac DR"},{"lang":"en","text":"Xiclo"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"diclofenac","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Diclofenac Sodium","product_id":"937e9ba5-cdad-4e72-a77a-bad699e1b236","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Diclofenac sodium topical solution is indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee(s). Diclofenac sodium topical solution is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee(s). ()","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=937e9ba5-cdad-4e72-a77a-bad699e1b236","document_date":"20260402","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0392","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"omeprazole","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/omeprazole","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"7646","display":"omeprazole"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Omeprazole","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Oméprazole","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazolo","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Omeprazol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ομεπραζόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Омепразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Омепразол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"オメプラゾール","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"오메프라졸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"奥美拉唑","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أوميبرازول","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"ओमेप्राज़ोल","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"AMAZON BASIC CARE OMEPRAZOLE"},{"lang":"en","text":"careone omeprazole"},{"lang":"en","text":"good now omeprazole"},{"lang":"en","text":"members mark omeprazole"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"omeprazole","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"AMAZON BASIC CARE OMEPRAZOLE","product_id":"10efef7c-bdf4-36cf-e063-6394a90a8c0f","lang":"en","text":"Use treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=10efef7c-bdf4-36cf-e063-6394a90a8c0f","document_date":"20260828","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0393","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"amoxicillin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/amoxicillin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"723","display":"amoxicillin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Amoxicillin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicilină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicillin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicilline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicilina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicillina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicilina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Amoksycylina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicilin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicilín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Amoxicillin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Amoksisilin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αμοξικιλλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Амоксициллин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Амоксицилін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アモキシシリン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아목시실린","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿莫西林","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أموكسيسيلين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एमोक्सिसिलिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"amoxicillin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Amoxicillin","product_id":"102c62ca-da20-4866-84a8-e3513824af4a","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Adults and Pediatric Patients Upper Respiratory Tract Infections of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible (ONLY β-lactamase–negative) isolates of Streptococcus species. (α- and β-hemolytic isolates only), Streptococcus pneumoniae , Staphylococcus spp. , or Haemophilus influenzae. Infections of the Genitourinary Tract Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible (ONLY β-lactamase–negative) isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, or Enterococcus faecalis. Infections of the Skin and Skin Structure Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible (ONLY β-lactamase–negative) isolates of Streptococcus spp. (α- and β-hemolytic isolates only), Staphylococcus spp., or E. coli. Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract Amoxicillin is indicated in the treatment of infections due to susceptible (ONLY β-lactamase–negative) isolates of Streptococcus spp. (α- and β-hemolytic isolates only), S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., or H. influenzae. Adult Patients Only Helicobacter pylori Infection and Duodenal Ulcer Disease Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) with clarithromycin and lansoprazole Amoxicillin, in combination with clarithromycin plus lansoprazole as triple therapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or 1-year history of a duodenal ulcer) to eradicate H. pylori. Eradication of H. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. Dual therapy for H. pylori with lansoprazole Amoxicillin, in combination with lansoprazole delayed-release capsules as dual therapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or 1-year history of a duodenal ulcer) who are either allergic or intolerant to clarithromycin or in whom resistance to clarithromycin is known or suspected. (See the clarithromycin package insert, MICROBIOLOGY.) Eradication of H. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of amoxicillin and other antibacterial drugs, amoxicillin should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Amoxicillin is a penicillin-class antibacterial indicated for treatment of infections due to susceptible strains of designated microorganisms. ( 1 ) Adults and Pediatric Patients ( 1 ) Upper Respiratory Tract Infections of the Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections of the Genitourinary Tract Infections of the Skin and Skin Structure Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract Adult Patients Only ( 1 ) Helicobacter pylori Infection and Duodenal Ulcer Disease Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of amoxicillin and other antibacterial drugs, amoxicillin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. ( 1 )","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=102c62ca-da20-4866-84a8-e3513824af4a","document_date":"20260721","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0394","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"azithromycin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/azithromycin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"18631","display":"azithromycin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Azithromycin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Azitromicină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Azithromycin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Azithromycine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Azitromicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Azitromicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Azitromicina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Azytromycyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Azithromycin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Azitromycín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Azitromicin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Azitromisin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Αζιθρομυκίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Азитромицин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Азитроміцин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アジスロマイシン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아지트로마이신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"阿奇霉素","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أزيثروميسين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एज़िथ्रोमाइसिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"azithromycin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"azithromycin","product_id":"01649d79-4677-4577-a3e4-e054f3f9fc3b","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Azithromycin tablet is a macrolide antibacterial drug indicated for treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below: Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults ( 1.1 ) Acute bacterial sinusitis in adults ( 1.1 ) Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults ( 1.1 ) Urethritis and cervicitis in adults ( 1.1 ) Genital ulcer disease in men ( 1.1 ) Acute otitis media in pediatric patients (6 months of age and older) ( 1.2 ) Community-acquired pneumonia in adults and pediatric patients (6 months of age and older) ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) Pharyngitis/tonsillitis in adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older) ( 1.1 , 1.2 ) Limitation of Use: Azithromycin is not recommended in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors. ( 1.3 ) To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin tablets and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Indications in Adult Patients Azithromycin tablets are indicated in adult patients for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below: Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae . Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae . Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes , or Streptococcus agalactiae . Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). Due to the small number of women included in clinical trials, the efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established. 1.2 Indications in Pediatric Patients Azithromycin tablets are indicated in pediatric patients for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below: [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 ) and Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae in pediatric patients 6 months of age and older. Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , or Streptococcus pneumoniae in pediatric patients 6 months of age and older appropriate for oral therapy. Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes as an alternative to first-line therapy in individuals who cannot use first-line therapy in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. 1.3 Limitations of Use Azithromycin is not recommended in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomial infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia). 1.4 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs, azithromycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=01649d79-4677-4577-a3e4-e054f3f9fc3b","document_date":"20260820","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0395","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"ciprofloxacin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/ciprofloxacin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2551","display":"ciprofloxacin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Ciprofloxacin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacino","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cyprofloksacyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Ciprofloxacin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Siprofloksasin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σιπροφλοξασίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ципрофлоксацин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ципрофлоксацин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シプロフロキサシン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시프로플록사신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"环丙沙星","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيبروفلوكساسين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिप्रोफ्लोक्सासिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Ciprofloxacin in Dextrose"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"ciprofloxacin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Ciprofloxacin","product_id":"44b6cefc-7638-4437-95e7-8f239f66a9d4","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial indicated in adults (18 years of age and older) with the following infections caused by designated, susceptible bacteria and in pediatric patients where indicated: Skin and Skin Structure Infections ( 1.1 ) Bone and Joint Infections ( 1.2 ) Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections ( 1.3 ) Infectious Diarrhea ( 1.4 ) Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) ( 1.5 ) Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea ( 1.6 ) Inhalational Anthrax post-exposure in adult and pediatric patients ( 1.7 ) Plague in adult and pediatric patients ( 1.8 ) Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis ( 1.9 ) Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ( 1.10 ) Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis Urinary Tract Infections ( 1.11 ) Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis Complicated UTI and Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Patients Acute Sinusitis ( 1.12 ) Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs, ciprofloxacin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. ( 1.13 ) 1.1 Skin and Skin Structure Infections Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Enterobacter cloacae , Proteus mirabilis , Proteus vulgaris , Providencia stuartii , Morganella morganii , Citrobacter freundii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ,methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis , or Streptococcus pyogenes. 1.2 Bone and Joint Infections Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of bone and joint infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae , Serratia marcescens ,or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1.3 Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole) caused by Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis , Klebsiella pneumoniae ,or Bacteroides fragilis. 1.4 Infectious Diarrhea Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of infectious diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli ( enterotoxigenic isolates ) , Campylobacter jejuni , Shigella boydii † , Shigella dysenteriae , Shigella flexneri or Shigella sonnei † when antibacterial therapy is indicated . † Although treatment of infections due to this organism in this organ system demonstrated a clinically significant outcome, efficacy was studied in fewer than 10 patients . 1.5 Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of typhoid fever (enteric fever ) caused by Salmonella typhi. The efficacy of ciprofloxacin in the eradication of the chronic typhoid carrier state has not been demonstrated. 1.6 Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.17 )]. 1.7 Inhalational Anthrax (Post-Exposure) Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adults and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age for inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) to reduce the incidence or progression of disease following exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. Ciprofloxacin serum concentrations achieved in humans served as a surrogate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit and provided the initial basis for approval of this indication. 1 Supportive clinical information for ciprofloxacin for anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis was obtained during the anthrax bioterror attacks of October 2001 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]. 1.8 Plague Ciprofloxacin is indicated for treatment of plague, including pneumonic and septicemic plague, due to Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) and prophylaxis for plague in adults and pediatric patients from birth to 17 years of age. Efficacy studies of ciprofloxacin could not be conducted in humans with plague for feasibility reasons. Therefore this indication is based on an efficacy study conducted in animals only [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]. 1.9 Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis caused by Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis. 1.10 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Enterobacter cloacae , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Haemophilus influenzae , Haemophilus parainfluenzae , or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in the treatment of presumed or confirmed pneumonia secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae . Ciprofloxacin is indicated for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) caused by Moraxella catarrhalis. Because fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 - 5.16 )] and for some patients AECB is self-limiting, reserve ciprofloxacin for treatment of AECB in patients who have no alternative treatment options . 1.11 Urinary Tract Infections Urinary Tract Infections in Adults Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Enterobacter cloacae , Serratia marcescens , Proteus mirabilis , Providencia rettgeri , Morganella morganii , Citrobacter koseri , Citrobacter freundii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , or Enterococcus faecalis . Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult female patients for treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis caused by Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Because fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 - 5.16 )] and for some patients acute uncomplicated cystitis is self-limiting, reserve ciprofloxacin for treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in patients who have no alternative treatment options. Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Patients Ciprofloxacin is indicated in pediatric patients aged one to 17 years of age for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )]. Although effective in clinical trials, ciprofloxacin is not a drug of first choice in the pediatric population due to an increased incidence of adverse reactions compared to controls, including reactions related to joints and/or surrounding tissues . Ciprofloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, is associated with arthropathy and histopathological changes in weight-bearing joints of juvenile animals [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 ) and Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.2 )]. 1.12 Acute Sinusitis Ciprofloxacin is indicated in adult patients for treatment of acute sinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae ,or Moraxella catarrhalis. Because fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, have been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 - 5.16 )] and for some patients acute sinusitis is self-limiting, reserve ciprofloxacin for treatment of acute sinusitis in patients who have no alternative treatment options . 1.13 Usage To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs, ciprofloxacin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. If anaerobic organisms are suspected of contributing to the infection, appropriate therapy should be administered. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Therapy with ciprofloxacin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once results become available appropriate therapy should be continued. As with other drugs, some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may develop resistance fairly rapidly during treatment with ciprofloxacin. Culture and susceptibility testing performed periodically during therapy will provide information not only on the therapeutic effect of the antimicrobial agent but also on the possible emergence of bacterial resistance.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=44b6cefc-7638-4437-95e7-8f239f66a9d4","document_date":"20260803","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0396","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"sertraline","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/sertraline","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"36437","display":"sertraline"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Sertraline","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Sertralină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Sertralin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Sertraline","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Sertralina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Sertralina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Sertralina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Sertralina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Sertralin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Sertralín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Szertralin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sertralin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σερτραλίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Сертралин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Сертралін","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"セルトラリン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"서트랄린","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"舍曲林","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيرترالين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सर्ट्रालीन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Sertraline HCl"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"sertraline","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Sertraline","product_id":"957ba196-0b9b-4cda-bd15-28357ced8d2f","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Sertraline hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following [ See Clinical Studies ( 14 ) ]: • Major depressive disorder (MDD) • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) • Panic disorder (PD) • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • Social anxiety disorder (SAD) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Sertraline hydrochloride tablets are a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for the treatment of ( 1 ): • Major depressive disorder (MDD) • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) • Panic disorder (PD) • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) • Social anxiety disorder (SAD) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=957ba196-0b9b-4cda-bd15-28357ced8d2f","document_date":"20260820","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0397","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"citalopram","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/citalopram","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"2556","display":"citalopram"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Citalopram","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Citalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Sitalopram","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Σιταλοπράμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Циталопрам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Циталопрам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シタロプラム","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시탈로프람","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"西酞普兰","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيتالوبرام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सिटालोप्राम","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Celexa"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Preliminary · Not yet checked against sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"citalopram","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Citalopram","product_id":"25b0d184-2a4c-42b0-9a57-7a00fa3e0cd7","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Citalopram is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults ( 1 ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=25b0d184-2a4c-42b0-9a57-7a00fa3e0cd7","document_date":"20260715","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0398","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"diazepam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/diazepam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"3322","display":"diazepam"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Diazepam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Diazépam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Diazepám","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Diazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Διαζεπάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Диазепам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Діазепам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ジアゼパム","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"디아제팜","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"地西泮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"ديازيبام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"डायज़ेपाम","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Valtoco"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"diazepam","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Diazepam","product_id":"20e08b97-bb89-4129-a228-8ad9cf35a1d3","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS Diazepam tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. In acute alcohol withdrawal, diazepam tablets may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis. Diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome. Oral diazepam may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy. The effectiveness of diazepam in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=20e08b97-bb89-4129-a228-8ad9cf35a1d3","document_date":"20260710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0399","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"lorazepam","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/lorazepam","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"6470","display":"lorazepam"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Lorazepam","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Lorazépam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepám","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Lorazepam","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Λοραζεπάμη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Лоразепам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Лоразепам","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"ロラゼパム","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"로라제팜","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"劳拉西泮","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"لورازيبام","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"लोराज़ेपाम","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"lorazepam","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Lorazepam","product_id":"20140b19-846b-425f-b191-670e17809945","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Status Epilepticus Lorazepam injection is indicated for the treatment of status epilepticus. Preanesthetic Lorazepam injection is indicated in adult patients for preanesthetic medication, producing sedation (sleepiness or drowsiness), relief of anxiety, and a decreased ability to recall events related to the day of surgery. It is most useful in those patients who are anxious about their surgical procedure and who would prefer to have diminished recall of the events of the day of surgery (see PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients ).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=20140b19-846b-425f-b191-670e17809945","document_date":"20260710","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0400","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"prednisolone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/prednisolone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"8638","display":"prednisolone"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Prednisolone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Prednizolon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Prednisolon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Prednizolón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Prednizolon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Prednizolon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρεδνιζολόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Преднизолон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Преднізолон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"プレドニゾロン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"프레드니솔론","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"泼尼松龙","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بريدنيزولون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रेडनिसोलोन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"prednisolone","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Prednisolone","product_id":"35f0b197-c3ae-445a-8da7-9ffcd4472e05","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Prednisolone Oral Solution USP is indicated in the following conditions: 1. Endocrine Disorders Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice: synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable: in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Nonsuppurative thyroiditis Hypercalcemia associated with cancer 2. Rheumatic Disorders As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in: Psoriatic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy) Ankylosing spondylitis Acute and subacute bursitis Acute nonspecific tenosynovitis Acute gouty arthritis Post-traumatic osteoarthritis Synovitis of osteoarthritis Epicondylitis 3. Collagen Diseases During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of: Systemic lupus erythematosus Acute rheumatic carditis 4. Dermatologic Diseases Pemphigus Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis Severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) Exfoliative dermatitis Mycosis fungoides Severe psoriasis Severe seborrheic dermatitis 5. Allergic States Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment: Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis Bronchial asthma Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Serum sickness Drug hypersensitivity reactions 6. Ophthalmic Diseases Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as: Allergic corneal marginal ulcers Herpes zoster ophthalmicus Anterior segment inflammation Diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis Sympathetic ophthalmia Allergic conjunctivitis Keratitis Chorioretinitis Optic neuritis Iritis and Iridocyclitis 7. Respiratory Disorders Symptomatic sarcoidosis Loeffler’s syndrome not manageable by other means Berylliosis Fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate chemotherapy Aspiration pneumonitis 8. Hematologic Disorders Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults Secondary thrombocytopenia in adults Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia Erythroblastopenia (RBC anemia) Congenital (erythroid) hypoplastic anemia 9. Neoplastic Diseases For palliative management of: Leukemias and lymphomas in adults Acute leukemia of childhood 10. Edematous States To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus. 11. Gastrointestinal Diseases To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in: Ulcerative colitis Regional enteritis 12. Miscellaneous Tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy. Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement. In addition to the above indications, Prednisolone Oral Solution USP is indicated for systemic dermatomyositis (polymyositis).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=35f0b197-c3ae-445a-8da7-9ffcd4472e05","document_date":"20260123","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0401","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"prednisone","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/prednisone","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"8640","display":"prednisone"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Prednisone","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Prednison","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Prednison","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Prednisone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Prednisona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Prednisone","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Prednisona","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Prednizon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Prednison","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Prednizón","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Prednizon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Prednizon","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Πρεδνιζόνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Преднизон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Преднізон","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"プレドニゾン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"프레드니손","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"泼尼松","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"بريدنيزون","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"प्रेडनिसोन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"PredniSONE Tablets, USP, 20 mg"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"prednisone","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Prednisone","product_id":"0062fcc7-aa08-4990-9d33-d798725907f1","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE PredniSONE Tablets are indicated in the following conditions: 1. Endocrine Disorders Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Hypercalcemia associated with cancer Nonsuppurative thyroiditis 2. Rheumatic Disorders As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in: Psoriatic arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy) Ankylosing spondylitis Acute and subacute bursitis Acute nonspecific tenosynovitis Acute gouty arthritis Post-traumatic osteoarthritis Synovitis of osteoarthritis Epicondylitis 3. Collagen Diseases During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of: Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic dermatomyositis (polymyositis) Acute rheumatic carditis 4. Dermatologic Diseases Pemphigus Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis Severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) Exfoliative dermatitis Mycosis fungoides Severe psoriasis Severe seborrheic dermatitis 5. Allergic States Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment: Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis Bronchial asthma Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Serum sickness Drug hypersensitivity reactions 6. Ophthalmic Diseases Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as: Allergic corneal marginal ulcers Herpes zoster ophthalmicus Anterior segment inflammation Diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis Sympathetic ophthalmia Allergic conjunctivitis Keratitis Chorioretinitis Optic neuritis Iritis and iridocyclitis 7. Respiratory Diseases Symptomatic sarcoidosis Loeffler’s syndrome not manageable by other means Berylliosis Fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy Aspiration pneumonitis 8. Hematologic Disorders Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults Secondary thrombocytopenia in adults Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia Erythroblastopenia (RBC anemia) Congenital (erythroid) hypoplastic anemia 9. Neoplastic Diseases For palliative management of: Leukemias and lymphomas in adults Acute leukemia of childhood 10. Edematous States To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus 11. Gastrointestinal Diseases To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in: Ulcerative colitis Regional enteritis 12. Miscellaneous Tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy. Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0062fcc7-aa08-4990-9d33-d798725907f1","document_date":"20260908","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0402","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"cyanocobalamin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/cyanocobalamin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"11248","display":"vitamin B12"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Cyanocobalamin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Cianocobalamină (vitamina B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Cyanocobalamine (vitamine B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Cianocobalamina (vitamina B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Cianocobalamina (vitamina B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Cianocobalamina (vitamina B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Cyjanokobalamina (witamina B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Kyanokobalamin (vitamin B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Kyanokobalamín (vitamín B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Cianokobalamin (B12-vitamin)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Siyanokobalamin (B12 vitamini)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Κυανοκοβαλαμίνη (βιταμίνη Β12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Цианокобаламин (витамин B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ціанокобаламін (вітамін B12)","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"シアノコバラミン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"시아노코발라민","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"氰钴胺","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"سيانوكوبالامين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"सायनोकोबालामिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Nascobal"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"cyanocobalamin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"CYANOCOBALAMIN","product_id":"54f088b1-7cf8-3837-e063-6294a90a88e7","lang":"en","text":"Cyanocobalamin is indicated for vitamin B12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacteria overgrowth, total or partial gastrectomy Fish tapeworm infestation Malignancy of pancreas or bowel Folic acid deficiency It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug Interactions), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. Such measures remove the need for long-term administration of cyanocobalamin. Requirements of vitamin B12 in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with oral supplementation. Cyanocobalamin Injection, USP is also suitable for the vitamin B12 absorption test (Schilling test).","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=54f088b1-7cf8-3837-e063-6294a90a88e7","document_date":"20260902","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0403","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"macrogol","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/macrogol","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"8516","display":"polyethylene glycols"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Macrogol","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Macrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Macrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Macrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Macrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Macrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Macrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Makrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Makrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Makrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Makrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Makrogol","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Μακρογόλη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Макрогол","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Макрогол","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"CLEARLAX"},{"lang":"en","text":"COMFORTLAX"},{"lang":"en","text":"GAVILAX"},{"lang":"en","text":"Good Sense Clear Lax"},{"lang":"en","text":"MiraLAX"},{"lang":"en","text":"MiraLAX Orange Flavor"},{"lang":"en","text":"Mix-In Laxative Packets"},{"lang":"en","text":"PEG3350"},{"lang":"en","text":"POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350"},{"lang":"en","text":"Topcare ClearLax"},{"lang":"en","text":"basic care clearlax"},{"lang":"en","text":"gentle lax"},{"lang":"en","text":"purelax"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"macrogol","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"basic care clearlax","product_id":"1ccb8604-34f6-4e1e-beed-eb81d6aa7aef","lang":"en","text":"Use • relieves occasional constipation (irregularity) • generally produces a bowel movement in 1 to 3 days","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=1ccb8604-34f6-4e1e-beed-eb81d6aa7aef","document_date":"20260903","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0404","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"acetylcysteine","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/acetylcysteine","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"197","display":"acetylcysteine"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Acetylcysteine","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Acetilcisteină","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Acetylcystein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Acétylcystéine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Acetilcisteína","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Acetilcisteina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Acetilcisteína","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Acetylocysteina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Acetylcystein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Acetylcysteín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Acetilcisztein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Asetilsistein","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ακετυλοκυστεΐνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Ацетилцистеин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Ацетилцистеїн","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"アセチルシステイン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"아세틸시스테인","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"乙酰半胱氨酸","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"أسيتيل سيستئين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"एसिटाइलसिस्टीन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"ACETADOTE"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"acetylcysteine","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Acetylcysteine","product_id":"5558a5f5-e821-473b-7d8a-5d33d09f0586","lang":"en","text":"INDICATIONS AND USAGE Acetylcysteine is indicated as adjuvant therapy for patients with abnormal, viscid, or inspissated mucous secretions in such conditions as: Chronic bronchopulmonary disease (chronic emphysema, emphysema with bronchitis, chronic asthmatic bronchitis, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and primary amyloidosis of the lung) Acute bronchopulmonary disease (pneumonia, bronchitis, tracheobronchitis) Pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis Tracheostomy care Pulmonary complications associated with surgery Use during anesthesia Post-traumatic chest conditions Atelectasis due to mucous obstruction Diagnostic bronchial studies (bronchograms, bronchospirometry, and bronchial wedge catheterization)\nINDICATIONS AND USAGE Acetylcysteine, administered orally, is indicated as an antidote to prevent or lessen hepatic injury which may occur following the ingestion of a potentially hepatotoxic quantity of acetaminophen. It is essential to initiate treatment as soon as possible after the overdose and, in any case, within 24 hours of ingestion.","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5558a5f5-e821-473b-7d8a-5d33d09f0586","document_date":"20260522","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]},{"concept_id":"TRT-0405","type":"treatment","system":"https://anpheros.com/fhir/CodeSystem/treatment","slug":"tamsulosin","page_url":"https://anpheros.com/search/treatment/tamsulosin","codes":[{"system":"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm","code":"77492","display":"tamsulosin"}],"names":[{"lang":"en","use":"preferred","text":"Tamsulosin","review":"source"},{"lang":"ro","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"de","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"fr","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosine","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"es","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"it","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pt","use":"lay","text":"Tansulosina","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"pl","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulozyna","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"cs","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"sk","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulozín","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hu","use":"lay","text":"Tamszulozin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"tr","use":"lay","text":"Tamsulosin","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"el","use":"lay","text":"Ταμσουλοσίνη","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ru","use":"lay","text":"Тамсулозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"uk","use":"lay","text":"Тамсулозин","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ja","use":"lay","text":"タムスロシン","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ko","use":"lay","text":"탐스로신","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"zh","use":"lay","text":"坦索罗辛","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"ar","use":"lay","text":"تامسولوسين","review":"ai_reviewed"},{"lang":"hi","use":"lay","text":"टैम्सुलोसिन","review":"ai_reviewed"}],"synonyms":[{"lang":"en","text":"Tamsulosin Hydrochloride"}],"definitions":[],"links":[],"attribution":["Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","Names other than the official source titles: Anpheros translations and plain-language names, made with AI assistance and checked automatically; the source names are in English.","This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."],"review":{"method":"ai_dual_model","clinician_reviewed":false,"label":"Checked by AI against the cited sources · Not reviewed by a clinician","checked_at":"2026-10-17"},"substance":"tamsulosin","indications":[{"region":"US","product":"Tamsulosin Hydrochloride","product_id":"0e3206ba-db3e-40b3-b46b-c7ae4703fdea","lang":"en","text":"1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules are not indicated for the treatment of hypertension. • Tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules are an alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist indicated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (1) • Tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules are not indicated for the treatment of hypertension (1)","url":"https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=0e3206ba-db3e-40b3-b46b-c7ae4703fdea","document_date":"20260825","review":"source_quoted","attribution":"Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.","note":"Indication approved in the United States (FDA).","source_id":"openfda-labels"}]}]}